The Missionary Review of the World — December 1927

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DEPT. No. 20 ………. NEW YORK The BibUca. Seminary in New York DR. WILBERT W. WHITE, President The Department 01 Missions For the preparation and training of missionary candidates and for special requirements of missionaries on furlough.

Regular course has two years of required work in the Bible. Also required courses in History and Methods of Missions, Ethnic Religions, Phil- osophy of the Christian Religion, Phonetics, Home Nursing, and Fundamentals in Medil'ine and Hygiene.

Dr. Thomas E. Cummings offers courses in Phonetics, Urdu, and Language Metlwd.< Missionaries on furlough can be aided in mastering those things which have puzzled them in their vernaculars. An opportunity is offered for drill in the difficult sounds of all Asiatic and African tongues.

Send for Catalogue describing fully this Department and Department of Theology, Department of Postgraduate Study, Department of Religious Education, Depart- ment of Social Service.

The BIblical Seminary in New York U~ East 49th Street New York, N. Y., U. S. A.

Publishers of The Biblical Review Please mention Tma MISBIONABY ltmVIBW or THE· WOBIJ) in 'Writing to advertiserS.: THE MISSIONARY FOR 50 YEARS! REVIEW OF THE WORLD DBLAVAN L. PIERSON. Editor Jubilee Number-December 1927 H A Missionary toMissionaries"

Page FOR HALF A CENTURY our Missionary Bureau has been THE WORLD'S Rm.IGIONS TODAY .. COVER ministering to the needs of Mis- WELCOMING FORE:JGNERS IN AMERICA sionaries in every country in the FIFTY YEARS AGO AND TODAY .• world – with Food, Clothing, Household Articles and Mission FRONT18PIECB Station Equipment-at a great saving to them in money, ex- EDITORIALS ……………………. 887 penses and worry.

AFTER FIFTY YEARS. New Missionaries will find it THE WORLD'S RELIGIOUS PROGRESS. OUR MODERN MISSIONARY OBJECTIVE. DISUNION ~"'.D UNION IN CHINA.. A NEW UPRISING IN MEXICO. FREDERICK L. COLVER AT HOME.

EARLY DAYS OF THE REIVIEW …..• very economical and convenient · ., ………• , ….. R. P. WILDER 895 to have us outfit them, and for- ward their personal effects com- MISSION BOARDS FiFTY YElARS AGO bined in one shipment with goods · …•••••• ALLEN" R. BARTHOLOMEW S99 purchased from us.

THE PROGRESS 01' WOMEN IN MIS- SIONS .. MRS.. HENRY W. PEABODY 906 A MISSIONARY HISTORY TEST …… . Churches may select gifts and · .••••••..•.•.•.. BELLE M. BRAIN 911 donations of supplies or equip- ment from our catalog for us to FIFTY YEi.RS OF PROTESTANT MIS- send to Missionaries everywhere. SIONS IN CH[NA …… . • .••••••••••• ' .ARTHUR H. SMITH 912 Our Whole.ale Department Gives: THEl MISSIONARY APPEAL FIFTY Special Discountsonpurchases YEARS AGO …. STEPHEN J. COREY 921 A HALF CENTURY OF PROGRESS IN HOMEIMISSIONS . JOHN A. MARQUIS 927 BEST METHODS FOR THE NEW YE,AR for Missionary Institutions, • •••••••••• ESTELLA S. AITcmsoN 935 Schools and Hospitals.

WOMAN'S FOREIGN MISSION BULLETIN Field Secretaries or Purchasing · .. EDITED By ELLA D. MAcLAURIN 942 WOMAN'S HOME UISSlON BULLE,TIN Agents should get in touch with • •. EDITED By FLORENCE E. QUINLAN 945 our Wholesale Depa.rtment a.nd NEWS FROM MANY LANDS ………. 948 save money for their stations.

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Address Date…………………………………….."……..Sent by……. Please mention THt M1SSIONARY Rtvn:w OF THF; WORLD in writing to advertisers. Buy IncoDle! PERSONALS When one makes an "investment", what is DR. GOOB.GE S. McCuNE formerly of ?yeng. he actually doing? Just buying i'lcome- Yong, Korea, recently President of Huron that's all. The average "investor" buys only College, South Dakota, has resigned that temporary income. The investor in position to become President of the Union Christian College of Korea. He is now M. B. I. Life Annuities spending a few months at hinceton, N. J., preparing a book for publication and co· is buying operating with the New York Board of Trustees of the college. A Liberal Income for Life COMMANDER RwH.ARD E. BYRD carried with on his investment. The older you are. the him in his flight on the America a copy of more liberal the income. And you have no the Bible which weighed one ounce. On trouble in collecting it. Of course, you have his return the American Bible Society preprime securtiy; twenty years-and through sented to him and his crew a handsomelythe War-without a loss. "M. B. I. Life bound copy of the Bible, in honor of their Annuities" represent the higher thrift. having been "the fust to carry the Bible to Europe by air." This is worth considering. Write to * THE MOODY BIBLE INSTITUTE OF CHICAGO REV. F. W. BOREHAM. minister of a Bap- The Moody 1I1bIe Institute. tist Church in Melbourne, Australia, and Bureau of Annuities Y121 author of many books, is planning for a 163 Institute PIa…. world tour early in 1928. in the course of Chicago. Illinois. which he plans to spend more than three months in the United States and Canada. Without obligation to me, please send full information 'Concerning HM. B. I. Life Annuities," and * quote rate on one life at age indicated. REV. ROBERT E. CHANDLER, recently ap- Name~._ ••••••…••. ~ ••••••••..••..••••.•••.••.. _ pointed a secretary in the foreign depart· ment of the American Board, is described as Street or R. F. D…..•..••….•…•…..•..••••. "the product of 117 years of continuous mis- sionary sevrice, ' , his grandfather having City •…•…•.••••••••••••• , ••• State ••.•••••••••• been the first to go out.

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Contracts may be issued to cover more than one life. REV. JAMES W. HAWKES. of Hamadan, Persia. who has been for forty-seven years Protect Yourself a Presbyterian missionary. is spending this Help Others year in Beirut. Syria, putting his translation of the Bible Dictionary through the Ameri- By securing Annuity Agreements from Methodist Mission Boards can Mission Press.

YOU are protected by a guar- * anteed income which will not DR. MARrON TALBOT, former Dean of Women at the University of Chicago, will serve as acting President of the Constan· tinop}e Woman's College during the absence of its President, Kathryn N. Adams, who will spend the coming year in the United States.

** REV. WILLIAM MCCANCE, formerly of Satara. India, has been appointed by the American Board candidate secretary for men. to succeed Rev. J. Kingsley Birge, who has returned to Turkey.

depreciate. Investigation of the MISS GLADYS WOOD is the new field secre· security is invited. tary for young women's work for the J«l. OTHERS wiD hear the Chri!tian formed Church in America, succeeding Miss me!Sllge because of your generosity. . Evelyn Zwemer, who has resigned.

For F urtber information write: DR. ALBERT SCHWEITZER, for thirteen years medical missionary of the Paris Evan· Morris W. Ebnes, Treasurer. Boud of Forei~n gelical Missionary Society in French Equa. Missions of the Methodist Episcopal Church. 150 torial Africa, and author of "On the Edge Fifth Avenue. New York, N. Y., or of the Primeval Forest," has returned to France on furlough.

W. J. Elliott, T …..urer. Board of Home Missions ** aud Church Extension 01 the Methodist Episcopal REV. LEONARD DANIELS. of Wilcannia, Church, 1701 Arch Street, Philaddpbia. Pa. N. S. W. has the first airplane constructed for missionary purposes. with which to visit his parish which is as large as England, Please rnllntloll 'fm: MISSION"IY REVl1'W 0.- ~H" Wom:'1> III wrltln~ to .dv"l'llsen. From a.n old OOpy of The Presbyterian HDme MiBtHonary.

WELCOMING THE IMMIGRANTS IN AMERICA FIFTY YEARS AGO

Ml~'SIONARY

EVIEW'

VOL. JUBILEE NUMBER-DECEMBER, 1927 NUMBER L TWELVE AFTER FIFTY YEARS G REAT changes have taken place in the world in the past half- century. Many notable leaders have come and gone; influen- tial movements have been inaugurated; governments have arisen and fallen; there have been tragedies and triumphs.

With this issue the REVIEW completes fifty years of life as an independent and progressive missionary periodical. In these years many other magazines have come and gone but, while the REVIEW has passed through many changes in outward appearance, it continues to serve the cause of Christ by disseminating missionary information, stimulating interest and upholding spiritual ideals and methods in Christian service. The main purpose and the standards have been maintained.

In this and in subsequent numbers, a series of articles will rehearse the great events and signs of progress in the world of missions during the past fifty years. The survey is one of exceptional interest. It would be more so if we could see the half-century from God's viewpoint to discover what has been truly worth while' and is abiding.

Other notable jubilee anniversaries are coincident with that of the REVIEW. Approximately fifty years mark the life of the Livingstonia Mission on Lake Nyasa, founded by Robert Laws of the Free Church of Scotland. It was fifty years ago (in 1878) that Alexander -;fackay arrived in Uganda. It was fifty years ago that the American Presbyterian Board of Home Missions established work in what was looked upon as the ice box of Alaska. In the same year (1877) the women of the Presbyterian Church in America organized for Home Mission work on a national basis. The American Baptist women united for Home Mission work in the same year. In 1877 the Student Christian Movement was inaugurated in the colleges of America after a letter had been sent out by the Student Association of Prince- 887

ton calling for a conference in connection with the international convention of the Y. M. C. A. at Louisville, Kentucky.

The year 1877 was marked in China by the Shanghai Interdenominational Missionary Conference and the year 1878 in England by the International Protestant Foreign Missionary Conference in Mildmay Park, London. These events of historic significance will be referred to more fully later.

In our January issue-also a special Jubilee number-we plan to show the world situation in 1877 as it stands in contrast with conditions in various lands in 1927. The missionary progress in the past fifty years will be shown by comparing the number of missionaries, the stations, the converts from non-christian religions and the pupils lmder Christian instructions in non-christian lands, then and now. In those days there were reported at the London conference only sixteen Protestant Foreign Mission Boards in America, twenty-one in Great Britain and seventeen on the European Continent. Today there are 153 such societies in America, (not counting auxiliaries, educational boards and cooperating missionary agencies). British societies today number eighty and there are ninety-six Protestant missionary agencies on the Continent. There are also numerous missionary societies in Africa, Asia, Australasia and Latin America, where Protestant churches were weak or did not exist fifty years ago.

Home missionary work in America has increased and has changed even more radically than foreign missions. Frontiers have been pushed westward and northward and new problems have been presented by the influx of Orientals, Mexi(lfLns and other foreign elements. Former Home Mission churches have become towers of strength, while parishes in the eastern states, that were formerly Christian centers, have themselves become subjects for missionaryeffort.

The world and the Church have been moving generally forward, but at times they have gone backward. The reports and contrasts presented in our special articles are illuminating.

THE WORLD'S RELIGIOUS PROGRESS OUR cover plate this month represents the comparative number of the adherents of the principal religions of the world nine- teen centuries after the coming of Christ and His commission to His disciples to evangelize the world. The chart is drawn in correct proportions.

It will be a surprise to many that professed Christians in the world out-number the adherents of any other religion-Hindu, Buddhist or Moslem. All classes-Roman, Eastern sects and Protestant-number about 640 million, an increase of 60% in the past fifty years. Protestants are estimated to number 180 million, an increase of 80% in the last half-century. The Roman Catholics are estimated

1927J EDITORIAL COMMENTS

at 300 million (50% increase) and Greek and other Eastern sects 130 million (30% increase).

Of the non-Christian religions the Confucianists and Taoists are most numerous (if the former may be called a religion). They number together only about 300 million-a decrease of 25%. Hindu sects include 240 million-a 20% increase; Moslems number 240 million-a 20% increase (mostly in Africa); Buddhists and Shinto worshippers number about 160 million, an increase of 25%; and animists or spirit worshippers and various atheistic groups number 240 million, an increase of 20%. The strictly pagan or animists have, however, decreased thirty percent in the last fifty years so that the increase has come from the growth of atheism in such lands as Russia or the falling away from faith in other countries. The Jews are difficult to tabulate as they are scattered and many do not avow faith in the religion of their fathers. Those of the Jewish race are estimated at about 15 million-an increase of 15Q1% in fifty years, through their large birth rate.

The total population of the world has increased, in the last half century, from about 1,400 million to over 1,800 million or approximately a thirty percent increase. The Christian converts from other religions have grown from about one million to over four million-or a four hundred percent growth, not including those who have died. The Protestant converts in the mission field were estimated in 1877 to be about 300,000 but today the communicant Protestant church members in those fields number 3,600,OOO–over a thousand percent increase. The total adherents to Christian churches in mission fields are estimated at over eight million.

While these figures are not exact they serve as a basis for comparison and a long look backward is encouraging as an evidence of the activity of the Church of Christ and the work of the Spirit of God in the world. Yet there remains a vast amount undone of which we may well be ashamed. While nominal Christians have increased over 240 million in number, the non-Christians of the world have increased at least 130 million. Clearly the Christian Church cannot yet rest complacently from her labors. The world of men whom Christ came to save has not yet learned to know and follow Him even in name, much less in daily life and service.

OUR MODERN MISSIONARY OBJECTIVE I F OUR present-day missionary motives should be examined to see if they are Christian and adequate, it is equally important to examine our modern missionary objectives. Motives and objectives are vitally related but they are not the same. A desire for business advancement or for novel experiences may send a man to a foreign field to sell merchandise but his objective may be to sell goods so as to increase the company's business or to benefit the peo-

pIe. A ~oldier may be moved to enter military service from love of country, from a spirit of adventure or he may be drafted. His objective may be to win the war so as to gain military honors for himself, to enlarge national territory or to right a wrong. The missionary objective, as well as the motive, will largely determine the type of men and women who volunteer, the methods they adopt and the whole plan of campaign.

The response to a second questionnaire recently sent out to missionary leaders in America reveals as great a difference in missionary objectives as in missionary motives. Fifty years ago the prevailing motives were loyalty to the command of Christ and a desire to save heathen souls from eternal death. The objectives were to evangelize the non-Christian world, to win men from heathen beliefs and practices to Christ and His way of life, and to build up a strong, true Christian Church in non-Christian lands. These objectives naturally determined the methods adopted.

Have these objectives changed? If so, are the new objectives better than the old? In response to the questionnaire to pastors, missionary secretaries, teachers and other Christian workers, the objective that received the most votes was" The training of a native Christian leadership," second came "The promotion of universal brotherhood," and then" Sharing with others our personal knowledge of Christ," and the" Christianization of all aspects of national life." '1'he fewest votes were given to the objectives: extending dellominational beliefs, the evangeli'zation of the world in this generation, the salvation of souls from eternal death through faith in Christ and" the overthrow of false religions which cannot save and which blind men to the truth."

These answers are illuminating if they represent any considerable proportion of missionary workers and church members. Many other objectives were marked as more or less desirable but were not accepted with any unanimity even among these missionary workers. Among these suggested objectives were-character building through the Christian message, deliverance of individuals from the power of sin, building up Christian communities as a leavening force, extending the benefits of Christian civilization, helping other peoples to make their own interpretation of Christ and "fellowship with people of good will who respond to the Christian message."

Evidently there is a lack of any general consensus of opinion and of any clear understanding of the objective that Christ, the divine founder of the missionary enterprise, set for His followers. If a commercial representative is to look to his employers to understand the objective of his mission; if a loyal soldier is to take as his objective the carrying out of the program of his government or his commander-in-chief, must not the true Christian look only to Christ and His Word to discover and understand the objective that shall mark his or her missionary service ~

EDITORIAL COMMENTS

What is the objective set before us by Christ Jesus, our Lord 1 The New Testament clearly states that He came "to call sinners to repentance," to save men from sin, to reveal God the Father, to give the abundant Life. He commissioned His disciples to make Him known so that His objectives would be accomplished. With this in view His disciples are: 1. To lead men to repent of their sins and to carry to all man- kind (while they live on earth) the Gospel of life which Christ came to proclaim and whicp He made effective by His life, death and resur- rection (Matt. 24: 14, Mark 16: 15 and Acts 1: 8, 13: 32).

2. To teach the people of all lands and nations, races and condi- tions to know God as revealed in Christ and to understand and ob- serve the commands of Christ as He taught the ",Vay of Life and service. (Matt. 28: 19,20, Mark 1: 16, Acts 5: 42, Romans 1: 5.) 3. To extend the Kingdom of God-His sovereign rule-through- out the earth by pe"rsuading men to become loyal followers and serv- ants of Jesus Christ and by obedience to the laws of God, as inter- preted by Christ, in personal, social, industrial and civic life. (Luke g: 2, 11, 60, Acts 28: 31.) • 4. To teach and train the followers of Christ-to" feed the sheep and tend the lambs" of His fold-so as to build up a strong, intelli- gent Church, with a fulness of life so that young and old, by precept and example will be true, strong disciples and effective, loving min- isters to others. (.John 10: 10; 20: 21; 21: 15-17.) What other objectives characterized the ministry of Peter and the apostles on the day "of Pentecost and subsequently in Jerusalem and .Judea? What objective sent Philip to Samaria and to the Ethiopean on the way to Gaza ~ Were not these objectives before the apostle Paul in all his labors in Asia Minor and Macedonia, in Greece and at Rome ~ Examine carefully the objectives toward which other successful missionaries have m~ved forward in all ages under the guidance and power of the Holy Spirit (Acts 1: 8). The blessing of God was on the labors of Raymund Lull, William Carey, Robert Morrison, Titus Coan, Henry Martyn, Bishop Valpy French, Robert Laws, Guido F. Verbeck, Adoniram Judson, John E. Clough, John G. Paton, Marcus Whitman, Sheldon Jackson and unnumbered others in home and foreign lands. Were not these their objectives in interpreting the message and program of Jesus Christ1 Has high secular educa- tion, or the increase of creature comforts, or the cultivation of na- tionalism, or even the effort to promote human brotherliness, proved as effective as the objective of leading men to know, love, trust and obev God as He is revealed in His Son, Jesus Christ ~ Such an objectiv~ is not selfish and does not appeal to selfishness. It deals with the individual first in order that he may be enabled to live a Christ-like life and may be more ready and better able to serve his fellow-men.

The missionary who truly takes Christ to the non-Christian may also take his books and his school, his surgical instruments and medicines, his gymnasium and his shop, his industrial betterment and his peace program, but he will not depend on these. They are important byproducts, not the main objective. "These signs shall follow them that believe."

With the missionary motive pure and the missionary objective clear, methods may change, but all factors will work together to save men by bringing them, individually and collectively, into harmony with God in the Way revealed and made possible by .Jesus Ohrist.

UNION AND DISUNION IN OHINA W HILE Ohina is being torn into fragments by domestic politi- cal str~fe, a dis~at~h reports that a conference of lea.d~rs in the Chmese ChrIstian Church has annoUliced the abolItIOn of denominationalism and the formation of a United Church of Christ in China.' There has been a movement in this direction for some years and the new organization does not reveal any radical or widespread change in the' situation. The conference in Shanghai, referred to in the dispatch, was made up of ninety-four delegates representing sixteen denominations-chiefly Presbyterian, Reformed and Congregational. The merger does not yet include Methodists, Baptists and others but involves over 1,000 churches in sixteen provinces, representing about one third of the Chinese Protestants who total over 400,000 communicant church members.

There has been formed a General Assembly for all Ohina, uniting the Congregational and Presbyterian Unions of Canton, South Fukien, Manch1,lria and churches of these denominations in other parts of the country. The first Ohinese Moderator of the new United Church is Rev. Cheng Ching-yi, a well known Christian leader. The organization carries a step further the movement for a united Christian Church for which missionaries and Chinese Christians have been working. Only a few strong denominationalists among the missionaries have desired to perpetuate 'Western ecclesiastical divisions and few Ohinese have been able to grasp the reasons for Christian sectarianism. With the withdrawal of many foreign missionaries it is natural that the Chinese should take matters more into their own hands. Let Western Ohristians pray that they may be guided and blessed in this undertaking to unite all true followers of Jesus Christ. If the Church of Christ in China is dominated by the Spirit of Christ and is true to His life, work and teachings as recorded in the New Testament, the Church will grow in strength and will be a blessing to China. The present turmoil and the withdrawal of missionaries may yet result in increasing the strength and purity of the Chinese Church, if the people realize that Christianity is not a for-

1927J EDITORIAL COMMENTS

eign institution and if they will accept responsibility for its support and promotion, and look to God rather than to man for guidance and power.

In the midst of the present disturbed condition, when over onethird of the foreign missionaries have been obliged to leave their stations, the Ohinese Ohristians have been faithfully carrying on the church work. One mission alone (the Ohina Inland Mission) reports 904 baptisms in the first five months of the year. A cablegram from Shanghai also reports that the "British Oonsul has given consent for the return of men to their stations at their own risk when permission is granted by local officials." Already some missionaries have left Shanghai for Hankow and other points in the interior. Encouragement is also gathered from the fact that the British have withdrawn over two thirds of their military forces from Ohina-a sign that much of the danger to foreigners seems to have passed. The outlook for peace between contending forces is, however, as remote as ever. The war lords cannot or will not come to an agreement. In the meantime the people sufter. They discount Nationalist promises since they find that the promises of the communistic army are not fulfilled. There is no hope for peace and prosperity in Ohina until selfishness is rooted out of national life and the laws of God, as interpreted by Jesus Ohrist, are recognized and obeyed.

THE NEW UPRISING IN MEXICO T HE present revolt against the Oalles Government and the exe- cutions of rebel leaders in Mexico have grown out of a bitter presidential campaign. 'fhe administration candidate was Obregon, and since he would continue the reform policies of Oalles, with probably a little more tendency to compromise with foreign and ecclesiastical opponents, many were ready to accept his imposition in order to continue order and progress. Others believed that they must "fight for their principles" and so the revolt was launched. Such armed protests always come in Mexico before the elections.

"General Oalles is facing a difficult situation. He had to choose between two courses. The one was to gain the friendship of the lower classes by carrying out a program of reform, distributing land to the peons, organizing large numbers of new schools, developing irrigation projects to help the farmers, and cutting down the national budget with the elimination of a large number of government and army officials. In this way payment of interest on the national debt and the salaries of public officials may be met continuously. His other course might have been to leave the army alone, to permit the budget to continue unbalanced, to court the favor of large foreign investors, promoting good business and forgetting the promotion of public education, land distribution, laws limiting foreigners, the development of public health and other social reforms that tend to stir

the opposition of certain vested interests. The President has chosen the first course.

"Undoubtedly many officials in the National army and the Ro- man Catholic Church, along with many foreigners and Mexicans in- terested in large property holdings, as well as a considerable number of Mexican liberals who resent the seeming approval of Obregon's candidacy by the present government, make President Calles' posi- tion a difficult one."

Dr. S. Guy Inman, who recently returned from Mexico,says: "Calles is a strong executive. He is putti~g himself enthusiastically into the educational and land reforms and has given a great deal of attention recently to balancing the nation's budget, to reducing the excessive number of employees both in the army and the civil departments of the government. No doubt he has used' strongarm' methods. Many believe that Mexico is not yet prepared for a democracy and the maintenance of peace is necessary while the educational processes are speeded up as rapidly as possible." The church question in Mexico remains about the same as since the beginning of the policy of the Roman Catholics to refuse to allow priests to serve in the churches if they must register with the Government. The Evangelical leaders, foreign and national, continue to obey the laws of the State in religious questions in spite of the difficult situations in which they are often placed.

FREDERICK L. COLVER-AT HOME O N ARMISTICE DAY, November 11th, Frederick L. Colver, who has been for nearly seven years a beloved and honored member of our Board of Directors, died at his home in Tenafly, New Jersey in the sixty-fifth year of his age. Like David, he "served his generation by the will of God."

Mr. Colver was a native of Milwaukee and moved to Brooklyn, New York, as a boy. In 1884 he and Edward W. Bok organized the New York Syndicate Bureau, chiefly to publish in newspapers articles by Henry Ward Beecher. From 1889 to 1906 he was successively advertising manager of the Frank Leslie magazines, then Treasurer and business manager, and finally President. In 1902, he established the first Periodical Publishers Association, composed of publishers of most of the larger magazines and weekly publications of national circulation. He was its Secretary for five years and succeeded Cyrus H. K. Curtis as President. In 1907-8 he was Secretary, advertising director and part owner of the Success Magazine and in 1913 he went to Philadelphia as advertising and business manager of Lippincott's Magazine, but returned to New York in 1914 to become business director of the National Boy Scouts of America. Mr. Colver is survived by his wife and son. He was, for some years, the efficient superintendent of the Sunday School of the Presbyterian Church of Tenafly, in which he was also an elder.

Early Days of the" Review"

Bemin,iscences of the Founde1', Royal G. Wilder BY HIS SON, REV. ROBERT P. WIT,DER, D.D., CAIRO, EGYPT l"l.A FTER thirty years of missionary service in Iudia, the Rev. Royal Gould Wilder r etired and went to live in Princeton, N. J., in order to make a home for hil'; two I';ons while they aUellded college.

For several years he had been colleeting material for a hook which he expected to write after his retirement from active service, and planned to publish under some such title as: "Kolhapur-the Kingdom and the Mission." The material for this book, as well as most of his library and other pos- sessions, were shipped in a ship sailing around the Cape of Good Hope to America.

'1'he s ail i n g vessel was wrecked off the African coast and everything on board was lost.

This was a great loss to the aged missionary, especially the precious material for the book-much of which had been secured from Brit- ish and Indian government offi- cials and could not be replaced.

In this book, he had planned to present not only the work of the mission which he had founded, but also to give some of his mature ROYAL GOUl,D WILDER convictions concerning the best way of carrying on the missionary enterprise, and the principles underlying effective service.

The publication of the book was necessarily abandoned, but after much prayer Mr. Wilder decided to start an interdenominational missionary magazine in which could be presented the work of missions in all lands as carried on by all branches of the Evangelical Church at home and abroad. N,! such periodical was then in existence. 'l'his magazine would give him a better opportunity than the book could have furnished to state the basic principles of missionary service and to voice his deepest convictions as to the policy which missionary societies should adopt.

One day in 1877 he surprised his wife by showing her the proof for the cover of a new magazine called THE MISSIONARY REVIEW on 895

which were the words Nil Desperand1tm Christo sub Dnce ("Nothing to be despaired of under Christ as Leader.") This motto represented the spirit in which the REVIEW was started and carried on for ten years until my father's death. It was no easy undertaking for a mission- ary, who had labored 30 years in a foreign land where his work was in a foreign language, to establish in America an English periodical without any editorial assistance. All the work of culling material from a hundred exchanges, all the editorials and proof reading were done by him. He even wrapped the REVIEWS and carried them to the post office. In those years I never knew him to take a holiday.

His table talk at home during . THE meals was most inspiring. At luncheon he might speak about the MIS SION ARY REV lEW. latest news from Central Africa.

At supper recent facts from China Nil DespmJ.ntlum, Ohnet. sub Duao. would be given. At breakfast In- dia's problems would be discussed.

No wonder that two of his children PUBLISHED AT PRINCETON, N. J. purposed to become missionaries as soon as their education could b I t d f th f t h f TERJiS…..$I.,so aJI"!"i11l1fitJtJnu, in U. S. and CanadtJ/ ~ s1UlI/ngr In e comp e e , o r e ac s e ur- E…'?_ro'lIi'li.8'…. s"'l"'.''',INlI•• Cl!,.•• Ajri"••NI nished thrilled, deepened loyalty SooJAA"'!ri'" Uocha'K,j"lmag'.

to Christ and fired enthusiasm for NEW Yoa", F. A. D. RANDOLPH & Co, evangelizing the world. His per- CHICAGO, ILL., sonal appeals to Princeton stu- W. G. Houllrs. dents and his editorials in the MIS- BOSTON, MASS., NoYES, SNOW & Co. SIONARY REVIEW were important T1Lthnmt & Co., Ludgate Hill. LoNOOJf: '.

factors in the f.ormation and VOLUME I. growth of the first group of Stu- dent Volunteers which was formed ijtUfUAkY, 18]8, to DECEMBER, 1878, INCLUSIVE.) in Princeton in the autumn of 1883.

TRE:NTON. N.l.: In the first number of the MIs- SIONARY REVIEW the editor pub- THE FIRST ISSUE OF THE REVlEW lished an article entitled" To Our Readers. " In this are given his reasons for starting the REVIEW. The following brief extracts from this article will be of interest: "First of all we ai~ to help develop an interest in foreign missions which shall speedily double the present amount of giving, praying, going and work- ing in this cause.". . . . . "We would supplant'no existing missionary periodical. Every society and board conducting foreign missions has its own organ, or keeps its patrons posted in church papers. There will be the same reason for these organs notwithstanding this Review." . . . . "We do not believe the church can hasten the millenium by abrogation of all de- nomi,national distinctions, and enforcing a rigid uniformity in the non- essentials of faith and practice. . . . Let every regiment fight its own battles, ready to help its neighbor as emergencies shall rise. Let each division

IP27] THE EARLiY DAYS OF THE "REVIEW"

move forward its own lines, in advance of all others, if possible, all provoking each other to love and good works, vieing with each other in self-sacrifice and love for souls, and in supreme love and loyalty to Christ, the great Captain of our salvation." "Very few of the most devout Christians of the church do at all grasp the magnitude of this work, and the immense resources in men and money which must be poured out at the feet of Jesus in obeying his divine command, 'Go ye into all the world and preach the Gospel to every creature.' And yet this command is binding. It has never been abrogated. Its obligation is imperative. It rests upon every redeemed soul with a solemn weight of responsibility which can be exceeded, if at all, only by the exceeding preciousness of the privilege of obeying it."

"Should we continue to climb till we reach a mountain' top high enough to command the vision of a world evangelized, we shall see the Presbyterian Church of America sending to this work not less than $25,000,000 every year, for a generation, and keeping in it not less than six thousand ordained mis- sionaries, and all other denominations enlarging their effort!) in like measure.

And to this we must come ere Christ shall see of the travail of His soul and be satisfied. And then this, we fear, is not placing this work before the mind in its full magnitude." . . . .

"But how are Christians to be brought to understand and feel their. obligation and privilege in this matter ~ " .

"Let pastors look well to the spiritual life of their flocks, feeding them with the true bread and water of life, till devotion to Christ in their hearts be- comes a reality, love for souls a ruling passion, and this spiritual life flows out in currents full and strong enough ARTHUR TAPPAN PIERSON to embrace the world.. Where this true life exists, all that is needed to give its currents proper direction is infor- mation-facts as to the state of the heathen without the Gospel and facts as to the new life imparted to them by the Gospel, when it becomes the power of God to their salvation." . ' ,We shall aim, by diligent reading, research, and correspondence, to gather these facts from every heathen nation and tribe, and from every mission field on the globe, presenting them in suc- cessive numbers, and occasionally so generalizing facts and results, as to enable busy pastors and intelligent laymen most readily to grasp and understand them, and receive from them the convictions and inspirations inseparable from such knowledge. Of the value of discriminating notices of missionary bi- ographies, and of the many books latterly issuing on Oriental races and religions, heathen philosophy and mythology, and the various treatises bearing more or less directly on the work of missions, we need make here only the briefest mention."

Another reason for starting the REVIEW is given by him in these words: "To review the principles, measures, agencies and administrations of the different missionary boards and societies." Of this he wrote: "Some may fear lest criticism of the measures of good men may weaken confidence in them and do harm. Does not such a fear itself argue a lack of confidence in said men or measures? If they are perfect, the most searching scrutiny and criticism can but reveal and confirm their perfection, and secure to them more 2

absolute confidence. If they are imperfect, kindly criticisms and suggestions will improve them and make them worthy of more confidence then they now enjoy. " . . "There has been a strange omission, for the most part, of all public discussion of the ways and means employed for evangelizing the world. When have our religious papers and periodicals engaged in any search- ing investigation of the details of management by the different foreign boards 1 Or in a faithful 'comparison of the views and experiences' and results of our different American foreign boards, in comparison with those of the great foreign missionary societies of Great Britain and Europe?"

For ten years the MISSIONARY REVIEW was carried on in this spirit, during the last two years in spite of much suffering, since the editor was afflicted with a fatal and most painful illness.

It was on a Saturdav in late October, 1887, that the last number of Volume X was completed- all but a single page. That very day editorship of the MISSIONARY RE- VIEW had been made over to Rev.

Arthur '['. Pierson, D.D., and Dr.

James M. Sherwood. The old mis- sionary's quill was laid aside un- til Monday morning when he ex- pected to prepare the last page for the printer. On the following day, Sunday, he asked my sister and me to sing two of his favorite hymns: "I'm the child of a King" and "We've sighted the Golden Gateo "

JAMES M. SHERWOOD On Monday morning he entered the Golden Gate to see the King in His beauty and the Land of great distances. The unfinished page of Volume X of the REVIEW was used for a short obituary notice.

The aged editor passed away two days before the date originally set by him for his return to India where he hoped to spend his last days. 'When my brother said to him "You cannot live long enough to reach India," he replied, "Then they can bury me at sea-the waters of the ocean wash the shores of every land." His love and prayers went out to all lands and the REVIEW was founded and carried on to hasten the evangelization of all lands. He believed strongly in the watchword of the Student Volunteer Movement-" The Evan- gelization of the 'World in This Generation "-which he convlllcingly advocated in the pages of the REVIEW.

OF THE AMERICAN BOARD, BOSTON, IN l877

Mission Boards Fifty Years Ago A Half Century of Changes in M'ission~ry Adm,inistration and Or- ganizalionin the Home Boards BY ALLEN R. BARTHOLOMEW, PHILADELPHIA Secretary of the Board of Foreign Missions of the Reformed Church in the U. s.

rt was a rare display of wisdom on the part of the Editor of the REVIEW tOo ask a man, j:'.mall of stat ure. to prepare an article in brief form on this very comp-Iex topi C. Without real1zing the task involved, 1 promised to prepare it. Lacking the necessary material, kind associates of other Boards came to Illy help, and to them the readers owe much of this information. A questionnaire was scnt to twelve secretaries , typical of all th e Boar ds of Foreign Missions tn the UnJted State'S. and their replies would fill a l2'ood!-sized volumc. How to perform thc feat of con.denf'.ation, into the given space, was the problem.-A. R. B.

F IFTY years ago practically every Mission Board had very inadequate secretarial staff and meagre office equipment. ·With the exception of the Moravians, all the denominatiOlls have ehanged the location of their headquarters. Some relocated in the same city, and a number report removals to other cities, all due, doubtless,. to the expanding work. Most of the larger Boards now have their headquarters in New York, but the old American Board still clings to Boston. The South and Middle ;West also claim a goodly share of administrative headquarters.

So far as one can gather the greatest changes are manifest along 899

material lines. Commodious buildings now shelter the larger Boards.

This indicates the permanency of the work, .and the liberal invest- ment of millions of dollars. A few of these buildings are revenue- producing. Fifty years ago most of the Boards occupied a single room with a desk and a few chairs; now many Boards occupy entire floors in large buildings.

Very meagre were the office outfits in 1877. No office had a typewriter, dictaphone, telephone or addressograph in those days.

The letter-press took the place of the carbon paper and the gelatine- pad was used in place of the mim- eograph. Perhaps quills and lead pencils were also used instead of the fountain-pen and eversharp pencil. In some offices, no doubt, sand instead of the blotting-paper was used to dry the ink. 'rhose were days of small things. Fortu- nately the men then did not feel the need of the many modern de- vices, so indispensable now, in the conduct of their work. It was not the age of mechanics. There were no taxi-cabs, no subways, no elec- tric cars and no sixty-mile-an-hour trains ! But the work at that time was in charge of men who were as capable, conscientious and cou- rageous as the men and women now. I add, "women now," for there were very few, if any ad- PRESENT HEADQUARTERS OF THE ministrative women secretaries in AMERICAN BOARD 1877. Strange to say, fifty years ago women were" the silent part- ners" in most of the church work. Experience has since taught the Boards that it was not good for man to be alone in the administrative work of Foreign Missions. The women today form a very vital factor in the conduct of the world-wide missionary enterprise, and we may well sing, "Blest be the tie that binds."

SECRETARIAL STAFF AND INCOMES The administrative staff then was small. One B oard that had only one secretary then has the same number now, but with" ten times as much work." Another secretary was also a pastor and editor. "In 1877," writes the secretary of one large Board, "the little work

1927J MISSIuN BOARDS FIFTY YEARS AGO

FRANCIS b'lELD ELLINWOOD ELDER RUDOLPH F , KELKER Secretary of the Presbyterian Board ()! Treasurer of Board of· Foreign Missions Foreign Missions, 1871 to 1908 ot the Reformed Church in U. S. 1877 that was required for the conduct of Foreign Missions was done by the officers of the committee elected by the general body." Lest the present Boards might be accused of a surplus of office force, a sage secretary says, "Considering the growth of the Board there is little difference in the staff now from what it was fifty years ago." To give a bird's-eye view of the progress made during the past fifty years, without partiality, the writer chose the Boards of the following churches to present a comparative statement as to secre- tarial staff (including women) and income: Secretarial Staff Income Denomination 1877 1.927 1877 1.927 Baptist (Northern) ………… Congregational .. "………… 2 9 $225,733 $1,436,124 Methodist Episcopal (North) …. Methodist Episcopal (South) ." 4 18 433,9179 2,137,371 Moravian ………………… Presbyterian Church (North) … 2 14 560,055 3,766,538 Presbyterian Church (South) ' " 2 11 114,000 2,500 Protestant Episcopal , … ,…… 1 1 13,054 68,017 Reformed Church in America. . . . Reformed Church in the U. S.. ,. 3 30 511,180 4,6'09,712 United Brethren …•… . …. . .. United Lutheran …..•……… 2 5 ' 59,947 1,220,635 United Presbyte:rian …….. . . , 6 11 114,976 1,292,553 1 3 58,152 510,977 1 5 200 463,355 2 7 9,027 212,889 3 25,000 985,000 1 3 77,028 1,062,199 Some of the secretaries and treasurers received no salary in 1877; a few received $2,500 and upwards; the salaries in 1927 range from $3,000 to',$8,OOO. "

REPRESENTATIVE LEADERS It would greatly enrich the missionary lore of the churches in America if the story were written of the lives and labors of all the leaders in Foreign Missions fifty years ago. Here is a rich mine of very choice material, and it is of too much value to the cause of Ch rist to let it remain hidden in the archives of the Boards. We can mention here only a few of the noble men to whom we owe so much for the deep and broad foundations laid i'ly them and upon which we have been building all these years. These saints will live on in the currents of the history of missions.

HEADQUARTERS OF .THE PRESBYTERIAl'< BOARD OF FOREIGN MlSSIONS IN 1877, 23 CENTER ST., NEW YORK Dr. John M. Ferris (Reformed Church in America) was a man of noble ability and peculiar effec- tiveness in bringing about the opening of Japan to Christian influence, particularly in promot- ing the coming to America of pronllsmg Japanese young men and their education at Rutgers College.

Dr. John B. Dales (United Presbyterian Church) gave the work of Foreign Missions a large place in the heart of the Church by his own vital interest in the cause and by his intelligent and interest- ing method of presenting the sub- ject through the pages of the Chr'istian Instructor and to church courts and congregations. FIRST BUILDING OF THE REFORMED Dr. J. Leighton Wilson (Pres- CHURCH IN THE UNITED STATES, ARCH ST.. PHILADELPHIA byterian Church in the U. S.) greatly benefited the cause of Foreign Missions through his writings, having translated a number of the Gospels into African dialects, being editor of The Home and Foreign Record and The Missionary,

1927J MISSION BOARDS FIFTY YEARS AGO

and preparing many articles for the theological and literary reviews.

Dr. D. K. Flickinger (United Brethren Ohurch) was a keen and constant missionary promoter. He gave many years of faithful and efficient service to the cause of missions.

Rev. A. T. Twing (Protestant E pis cop a I Ohurch) was at first a traveling missionary agent, but from the very begin- ning he became a living and organizing power. His commanding presence was a fit expansion of his large heart and generous sym- pathies. He took special interest in the children, or- ganized the work among women, interested the sym- pathy of individual laymen in particular fields, and bound all the Ohurch to its missionary work by the strong and quiet influence of his catholic spirit and warm heart.

Dr. Robert L. Dashiell (Methodist E pis co p a I Ohurch) was one of the most eloquent advocates of missions. He traveled ex- tensively and labored ar- duously for the work. Dr.

John L. Reid of the same church was a very able ad- ministrator and 'left deep impressions on the mission- PRESENT HEADQUARTERS OF 'l'RE PRESBYTERIAN ary work of the denomina- HOME AND FOREIGN MISS'lON BOARDS.

•• . 156 FIFTH AVE.• NEW YORK h~ Drs. J. B. McFerrin and D. O. Kelly (Methodist Episcopal Church, South) were for many'years brilliant, unique, and very able leaders in the work of the denomination. There is nothing especially characteristic about their methods of work except the brilliancy and forcefulness of their addresses before the Oonferences and congre- gations.

CHURCH MISSION HOUSE, PROTESTANT PRESENT HEADQUARTERS OF THE RE- EPISCOPAL CHURCH, FOURTH AVE." FORMED CHURCH IN 'rHE UNITED . AND 22ND ST., NEW YORK S'fA'fES, AT PHILADELPHIA Few secretaries have been of greater constructive help than Dr. N. G. Clark of the American Board and Dr. Mark Hopkins, President, who is too well known among all classes of the present time to require any comment.

It was a great blessing to the cause of Foreign Missions that for so many years i t had identified with it men like the Hon. Walter . Lowrie, Dr. John C. Lowrie, Dr. Frank Ellinwood and Mr. William Rankin of the Presbyterian Church in the U. S. A. Of Dr. Lowrie, it is' said that he wrote letters to the missions with his own hand, scorning the modern innovation of the typewriter. He was a man Of great frugality, deeply consecrated to the missionary cause, and with absolute loyalty to Hie New Testament ideals. Dr. Ellinwood was a man of rare intellectual power-a true scholar in theology, philosophy and comparative religions, a courageous and honest administrator. Mr. RankIn, Treasurer, was a most picturesque and intelligent personality. He lived to be 103 years of age. When he was over 90 he used to slip away from his home in the suburbs and: come into New :york alone to visit the headquarters of the Board.

Elder Rudolph F. Kelker (Reformed Church in the U. S.) was treasurer of the Board for many years.. He did more than any other man to keep alive the missionary spirit in our church, and bring us into contact with, the representatives of other Boards. He was a gentleman of the old school in faith and morals and left a deep im- pression on many hearts. '

MISSION BOARDS FIFTY YEARS AGO

PROMOTIONAL WORK In 1877 the literature of missions was scant. Very few magazines were published, and but few books, pamphlets, leaflets and tracts. The stereopticon was as great a novelty then as is the airplane now. Imagine the surprise of an audience of fifty years ago to see the face of a dignified secretary thrown upon the screen by a motion picture projector, which in our day causes no comment.

'There were no interdenominational missionary agencies then, such as the Student Volunteer Movement, the Laymen's Missionary Movement, and the Missionary Education Movement. The Annual Foreign Missions Conference, the Ecumenical Missionary Confer- BISHOP BENJAMIN BOSWORTH DR. N. G. CLARK, Protestant Episcopal Church. 1877 Secretary of the Am erican Board of Commis- sioners for Foreign Missions in 1877 ence of 1900, the WorId Missionary Conference of 1910 and the Foreign Missions Convention of 1925, the summer missionary conferences, missionary institutes, and schools of missions, all of these are products of later years.

The promotional work as now carried on through the educational and field departments was on a much less extensive scale. One secretary writes, "There was in those days less machinery and more direct contacts." Most Boards lay special emphasis on. the need of keeping constantly before the membership the scope and service of Christian missions.

A great deal might be said in commendation of the Boardmem bers and the Board officers Who are devoting their best thoughts and energies to the greatest of all' causes in (jurday~l:)1;J;twhyspeak about the living when their works do praise them 7 and Now LUCY W. PEABODY, BEVERLY, MASS.

SIXTY Years ago there was very little suggestion of any modifi- cation of the principle "woman's place is in the home." Her contribution to missionary work at that time was necessarily through the General Boards or the interdenominational organization known as the Woman's Union Missionary Society.

Fifty years ago woman's place and contribution were fairly well determined since most of the larger denominations had followed the example of this woman's union of '61 led by Mrs. Doremus. The Con- ~regational women were first to organize and were followed by those of the Methodist Episcopal, Baptist, Presbyterian and other churches. Women were learning that woman's place is also in the missionary society. With one exception, the Woman's Foreign Missionary Society of the Methodist Episcopal Church, the ladies' societies were becomingly auxiliary to their General Boards, with varying degrees uf independence of action. Neither men nor women considered it quite safe for women to assume the entire responsibility of organization though the men were very willing that they should do the work of their societies. Some of the brethren felt that they would fail in the administration of funds and so kept a careful check on finances. The place of woman in missionary organizations -ras closely and safely allied to her place in the Church, which still continues to be her place. This morning's paper (August 16, 1927), referring to the Conference on Church Unity in Lausanne brings this question of woman's status vividly before us as a present-day question. Four of the seven women appointed to represent the churches of the world, with 400 men delegates, raise the inquiry as to why, with women in the majority as members and supporters of the churches, only a negligible number should serve as delegates and none be permitted to speak. At a great world council an English bishop stated as the ground for their position that there were no women among the apostles and none at the Last Supper. Yet our Lord was cradled in a woman's arms and women were, we recall, at the Cross, and "very early while it was yet dark" at the tomb. It was to Mary that the Risen Lord revealed Himself. So women were not left out of the divine plan and they have generally been found faithful in the dar;kest hours.

It has not troubled women very much that they are not officially recognized. It was not for that reason that they organized as women, but because there was special work for women and children which 906 men could not and did not do, which appealed to women and to many thinking men as important and indeed necessary. So they began 60 years ago and in ten years had made a good start in building organizations, publishing literature, collecting large sums in small gifts, and learning to "speak in meeting" which was, if not out of order in general assemblies, not possible for lack of time. They were usually allowed to meet at the noon hour alone while the brethren were finiHhing luncheon which was an important woman's contribution.

The early '70s, now derided as the sentimental decade by certain modern writers, seem to those of us who were close to that period new days of practical idealism for women. They stood then in relation to a devastating war where we stand today. Their reaction was spiritual, international, progressive and took concrete and practical form. They cleared away the ruins which war always leaves, healed the enmities and built new world foundations, and they builded well.

The Women's Mission Boards began in the early '90's to seek association with each other through an annual and later a triennial conference which grew in 1911, after the Jubilee, into a Federation of Women's Foreign Mission Boards. On the material side they have saved, earned and invested in 50 to 60 years approximately one hundred and fifty million dollars in the work in foreign fields. This has been accomplished with very small cost for home expenses since women were free to give voluntary service when few men were able so to give their time. Boards, like the Women's Foreign Missionary Society of the Methodist Episcopal Church, with a present yearly income of two and one-half millions with an income of like amount for home missions, are the highest examples of efficient and economical business management. They could do this because they were free for the first time to work out their own ideas. Men had always had freedom to work out theirs and they chose to have their own organizations composed of men and managed by men for good and natural reasons. If women were to develop initiative and responsibility and train executives they could do it only in their own societies for women. They were needed also to select and send women teachers, doctors and evangelists to the Orient and South America. The great value of their organization at home was that it led to a remarkable education in prayer and in the study of fields with their various needs and types of work. This education began in the Cradle Roll and led up, with good grading, through Mission Bands and Junior Societies, Young Women's Societies and older groups.

Twenty-seven years ago the Women's Boards grew into a higher united plan of study through the group organized in 1900 at the Ecumenical Foreign Missions Conference. In these years they have published nearly 4,000,000 study books prepared by the best authors. Twenty-five years ago they inaugurated the Summer School of Mis- .sions at Northfield, Mass., which has been the model for some thirty

others throughout the country. The Federations of Women's For- eign and Home Mission Boards have general oversight of these schools, though each works under its own committee. During the year many institutes and study conferences are held, generally inter- denominational. Leaders are trained not only for teaching the text books, but missionary methods, and through the now popular Forum, allied questions of international relations and law observance have generally found their place in these conferences. Bible study classes for girls in camps and for women leaders, with opportunity to visit the literature exchanges, make the Summer Schools of great value to all Boards.

Seventeen year8 ago, in 1910 coincident with the jubilee of the first foreign missionary society for women, the Central Committee on the United Study of Foreign Missions published a book entitled, "Western Women in Eastern Lands." The author, Helen Barrett Montgomery, gave here a remarkable picture of the work of women in foreign missions. Nearly 150,000 of these stUdy books were issued and studied by groups of women of all denominations. The book seemed to have come by a special act of Providence since it was written before anyone had realized its historical significance. It was the book of the Jubilee campaign and many eloquent addresses at national meetings and in the local "Jubilettes" which followed, were based on the material found in this volume.

On the foreign field growing demands of women, liberated from zenana and the limitations of illiteracy and the need for trained teach- ers and nurses, have made necessary a higher grade of work. Seven Union Colleges in Japan, China, and India entered into a successful united campaign for funds which resulted in the purchase of land and buildings which are the loving gift of American women to the women of the Orient, a proof of international friendship. In addition to the seven which shared in the three million dollar fund is the Shanghai Medical College of A grade which is going steadily on with its work in spite of war. There are other beginnings of colleges and a long list of normal schools, high schools, Bible training, kindergarten, and industrial classes and best of all the social settlement which is the fine flower of every mission station demonstrating year after year the Christian home. This training abroad is reflected here at home in guilds and leagues and other national organizations of girls who learn their first lessons of international goodwill through their study and work for their missionary society.

Just at present we are witnessing a transition. Several of the women's societies have been merged with the General Boards and most of the others have been affected by the trend toward such mergers and the pooling of missionary interests in the denomina- -tions. It is not possible.at present to determine just what-the effect -will be. – The experiment-i'S too new. The women –who -have g.one

WOMAN'S PLACE IN MISSIONS FIFTY YEARS AGO AND NOW l09

into the General Boards are women who received their training in the woman's missionary organizations and are their highest product. It remains to be seen whether the united' boards will train women who will measure up to these who have developed through responsibility and the power to initiate. It is hardly possible to think of the Y. M. C. A. and the Y. W. C. A., for instance, being able to work as effectively in a joint way as they have worked in their own separate organizations. Weare not sure that the men, if they really gave women equal power as well as place, would not lose in their efficiency. On the whole women work rather better with women. While they can hold their own fairly well with individual man on most questions, collective man on a Board. is another and a modern problem, and the training of women has not yet fitted them to meet on an equality even if men were ready for full equal status.

We of the '70's were brought up on J. G. Holland's "Mistress of the Manse" and Tennyson's "Princess" which helped to form our feminine complex, inferior or superior as we choose to consider it.

Our place and contribution seem to be at this moment in question. Indeed the whole missionary situation is changing. It is difficult for instance to say what will happen in China. Many Chinese women, educated in our mission schools, are loyal and outspoken in their Christian devotion. They have caught the heroic spirit of their teachers and are realrzing, in this day of trial, all that their Faith means and must mean. Christianity is revolutionary in the highest sense and is the only hope for the women of any land. But revolution without the motive and the method of Christ is dangerous. The women of America have worked wisely under divine leadership for the women of the East. Out of their colleges and training schools are coming the leaders of the new world for men and women. What women have done seems to be fully justified. Already, with these strong groups of Christian leaders, we feel a fellowship with no hint of patronage. We are workers together with God.

The World Day of Prayer has become an i:qstitution and we pray with greater power here because we feel the presence of the Christian women of Asia and Africa with us. Our prayers are the same, our needs the same. And now we unite for the first time in our Study Around the World. Our study book for 1927-28 in Japanese, Ohinese, Urdu and Tamil, Spanish and Burmese, will gather groups of Christian women into one great world study class and we Itll thrill to the thought that after fifty years we Christian women of the wor.Id have achieved our real unity. In Mrs. Platt's book, "A Straight Way Toward Tomorrow," we shall study Child Welfare, The Christian Home, Religious Education, Christian Literature, World Peace and Social Service, great problems for all Christian women.

It is interesting to see that leaders in internationalism now turn to the women of the missionary societies for expert aid. The Vice-president of the League of Women Voters stated in a recent article that women are prepared for citi'zenship and political organization by their work in their women's missionary societies in the country churches where they learned to work together for a cause. Directly and indirectly women's missionary societies have made a great contribution to the world and have strengthened the Church by this contribution. If we separate from the Church the distinctive work of women in the missionary societies the Church wiH feel a great loss. The work of the women is less than sixty years old. There is still much to be done and in these days of consolidation and merger, it is well to remember that we need also to emphasize special· ization. No great plan of men which weakens or lessens this work of women or removes from them responsibility and initiative really marks a gain. To a certain extent some of the mergers have done their best to perpetuate the work of women and may prove to be a g-reat forward movement. On the other hand the Church must not forget that the very success of the organization of women's societies has led to many other organizations of women who offer to church women fields for womanly service which may appeal to them and lessen their service in the Church. Unless the Church has large tasks to assign to its women with the same freedom and representation given men they would better leave the women to their own methods, which are not exactly like those of men. This is especially true of the missionary task. It is a beautiful divine plan of selection that puts women in charge of children and builds up a sisterhood with other women. Some of us who have lived in this work for fifty years are especially thankful for that privilege and are hoping that all the best may go on. The glory of the work catches the imagination of the girl of today as it did that of the girl of fifty years ago. Bobbed hair and short skirts are externals. The girls of the world need the girls of America and the girlhood of our churches needs this appeal for world fellowship and comradeship and sharing of God's best gifts.

It does not matter so much about the older women who love the work enough to do it under almost any form of organization. Their place and contribution are less important than that of our new generation who must assume some share in the world task if it is to be completed and if they are to be complete as Christians. Will they measure up to the standards of fifty years ago? As we left the summer school at Northfield, last month, with the song of 600 camp girls ringing in our hearts, "Follow. follow the Gleam," we felt that we could "Trust all nor be afraid."

WOMAN'S PLACE IN MISSIONS FIFTY yEARS AGO AND NOW

Missionary History Test for December PREPARED BY BELLE M. BRAIN, SCHENECTADY, NEW YORK WHAT IS YOUR SCORE?

T HE following twenty questions may be used to test your knowledge of missionary history during the past fifty years. Grade yourself and your friends by the percentage of correct replies. Twenty cor- rect answers. score 100 per cent, ten correct answers fifty per cent, and RO on. The answers will be found on page 944, but do not consult '(hem until you have graded yourself on your answers. You will be interested to discover vour score.

1. Who'won great favor for missions in China by curing Lady Li, wife of the great viceroy, Li Hung Chang?

2. Whom did Henry M. Stanley pronounce" the greatest missionary since Livingstone"?

3. Who made the first tour of colleges in the United States and Canada in behalf of foreign missions in October, 1886?

4. Who introduced Siberian reindeer into Alaska ~ 5. Who was founder of the China Inland Mission and director of it for forty years?

6. What great mission was founded in Africa as a memorial to David Livingstone?

7. What agent of the American Bible Society gave fifty years to evangelistic work in Latin America, and was twice imprisoned?

8. What great mission was begun in Africa in the same year as THE MIS~.roNARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD was founded '!

9. What mission is farthest north of any in the Western Hem- isphere?

10. What young Moslem convert of Syria died in Arabia under suspicious circumstances that pointed to poisoning, after a brief period of successful work for Christ under Messrs. Cantine and Zwemer?

11. What notable Christian Indian woman founded the Sharada Sadan and Mukti, refuges for Indian widow~?

12. What English woman missionary made a heroic journey into Tibet and came within three days of Lhasa before she was turned back?

]3. Who were the founders of a Protestant mission to the people of Paris which now operates in many parts of France?

14. Who was George Grenfell and what was the name of his mis- sionary boat?

15. Who is Wilfred T. Grenfell and what is the name of his hos- pital ship1 16. Who founded, at Canton, the first asylum for the insane in all China?

17. What South Seas missionary earned more than $25,000 for mis- sions by writing the thrilling story of his life?

18. What native Japanese was educated by a Christian business man of Boston and became a college president?

19. What famous English world traveler became a convert to mis- sions and a large giver to the work as a result of what she saw mis- sionaries doing in non-Christian lands Y • 20. What event occurred in Korea soon after the arrival of Dr.

Horace N. Allen, the first missionary, that gave Christianity its first foothold in that long-closed land?

A MISSIONARY MAP OF CHINA MAD& FIFTY YEARS AGO-FORTY STATIONS

Fifty Years of Protestant Missions In China* A Bird's-Eye View BY REV. ARTHUR H. SMITH, D.D.

T HE seventh decade of the last century was a very unquiet segment of a very unquiet century. The war between France and Germany had set all Europe in commotion, with far-reaching world effects. The five years of civil war in the United States had recently come to an end. There had been discovered great undeveloped capacities for Christian work, more especially among women. In many of the leading American missionary societies, women's boards had been organized., Important changes had recently taken place in China, notably the suppression of the great Tai-ping rebellion, which lasted for fifteen years, devastating four- • In a sketch like this it is essential to take note of a long series of events covering practically the wbole perioo under review which constantly hampered and often stopped missionary work. Lack Of space forbids explanatory comment but a mere mention will convey to the, instructed reader something of the significance of th ese fncldents.- .d.. H. s. 912

<'I1<' TY YEARS OF PROTESTANT MISSIONS IN CHINA

• RAILWAYS IN CHINA IN OPERATION • UNDER CONSTRUCTION • CONTRACTED FOR MIS SIO N ARY MA P OF CHI N A TODAY teen out of the eighteen provinces, incidentally destroying some of the finest cities in China and p erhaps twenty million lives.

In 1860 there were perhaps an hundred missionaries pent up in Shanghai awaiting permission to open mission work elsewhere. Some went up the great Yang-tze valley to Hankow, other s to the northern ports of Chefoo, Tientsin, (and Peking), as well as to Newchuang in Manchuria. One of the earliest anti-Christian outbreaks was the Tientsin massacre (June, 1870), when ten Roman Catholic sisters of mercy, two priests, the French consul,three other Frenchinen and three Russians were killed. This was due to malicious and libelous reports of the murder of infants.in an orphan asylum. The French consul unwisely refused to aHow an J

official Chinese inspection. The outcome was the wrecking by a mob not only of the Roman Catholic cathedral, but of eight Protestant chapels. For more than a year foreigners were not allowed to enter the city of Tientsin. This occurrence and other smaller ones of a like kind in other provinces, kept the Chinese mind in a condition of perpetual ferment. The audience question, involving the nature of the ceremonies by which the young emperor received the foreign ministers, was regarded by the Chinese as a matter of :first impor- tance, and until this was settled (June 1873) and for some time after, the air was thick with rumors of impending disaster. A visit to Peking by American scientists to observe the transit of Venus ended , in their precipitate retreat to avoid an "incident."

A CHINESE CITY IN 1877- CANTON In the summer of 1874 the whole empire was excited by the prospect of a war with Japan in consequence of the massacre of :fifty sailors in the Liuchiu (Riukiu) Islands, but this was adjusted by the good officers of the British minister, Sir Thomas Wade. In January, 1875, the death of the enfeebled young emperor from smallpox, and the irregular and arbitrary action of the Empress Dowager T:;ju Rsi placing her little nephew (who was of the wrong generation) upon the throne, caused general popular perturbation. In the same year the premeditated official murder (on the borders of Burma) of a young British consular officer named Margary, again brought Ohina to the verge of war with Great Britain, but the matter was at last settled, after some dramatic episodes, by a heavy indemnity (silver taels 200,000) and the compulsory opening of several new ports,. to the intense dissatisfaction of the Chinese intelligentsia.

In the autumn of 1877 the baleful shadow of famine was thrown

927] FIFTY YEARS OF PROTESTANT MISSIONS IN CHINA

over several of the provinces of Northern China. Many missionaries and some other foreigners threw themselves into the work of giving local relief, but on a scale necessarily limited. The Chinese Government did practically nothing, some officials definitely forbidding foreign intervention, no matter how many died of starvation in consequence! The province of Shansi was the greatest sufferer. Millions of Chinese died of "famine fever" (often a combination of typhoid and typhus) till the population was visibly diminished. The fever was fatal to almost every foreigner who contracted it. Yet this great calamity though deeply disguised was a blessing to A CHINESE CITY TODAY-HANYANG NEAR HANKOW China, proclaiming in portentous tones the absolute necessity of introducing railways, but it was not until twenty years later that the first line was opened.

Floods of the great rivers in China have for ages been a destructive heritage from the past. One of the most calamitous overflows of the Yellow River (popularly known as "China's Sorrow") occurred in 1888, when the turbid torrent broke its banks rushing off to the south, as in ancient times. This event again brought foreign relief to the front on a large scale. The only radical remedy would be in scientific engineering of which China had then no experience and for which it had no resources, and no ambition. (The analogy between the problems of the Yang-tze and the Yellow River and the Mississippi and Missouri is at present very striking.) In the middle "eighties" there was a quarrel between FraI).c,e

and China, accompanied by much slaughter of unresisting Chinese although no war had been declared! This difficult matter was at last mediated (in 1885) by the aid of Sir Robert Hart. In the next decade there was the war with Japan, in which China was decisively beaten at Pingyang (Korea) and lost her navy, paying a heavy indemnity in addition. A little later came the spasm of reform in the young emperor Kuanghsii, his twenty-seven spectacular decrees followed by imprisonment for the rest of his life by his imperious aunt. Then followed in rapid succession the German sei'zure of Chiao chou, the ., Boxer" uprising in retaliation, the fifty-six days of siege of all the legations in Peking, the deliverance (Aug. 14th, 1900) by allied troops, the flight of the Empress Dowager, the slow settlement by A MISSIONARY BOARDING SCHOOL FOR BOYS, SHANGHAI, Il-' 1877 peace commissioners fining China four hundred and fifty million taels ($333,900,000) spread over nine and thirty years, with a view to preventing her fnrther effective antagonism for at least one generation. This was followed by the return of the Empress Dowager with the court, her belated adoption of the very reforms that she had suppressed, a national parliament, provincial councils, and somewhat later the doubtless prearranged death of the emperor, followed at once by the death of the Empress Dowager herself, removing the most prominent figure in contemporary Asiatic history. Then three more years of misrule, the premature and preposterous "Chinese Republic," the disappearance of China's one "Strong Man" Yuan Shih K'ai, the succession of military satraps, followed by the slow evolution under the lead of Sun Yat-sen of the so-called National Party determined to put an end to this ruinous tyranny at whatever cost. This is one of the main issues now turning China

FIF'l'Y YEARS OF PROTESTANT MISSIONS IN CHINA

into an armed camp. The other and not less important one is escape from overt and covert foreign domination.

In a mere charcoal sketch of missions in China, only the most general outlines are admissible. Numerical summaries are particu· larly irrelevant and misleading, for in the crisis through which China is passing it is impossible to forecast the conditions of the next five years, or even two years.

F'ifty years ago the interdenominational and intemational China Inland Mission had but recently entered on its unique enterprise. At the close of the half century its workers, together with those of various affiliated missions, numbered more than a thousand, widely A .!ISSIONARY BOARDING SCHOOL FOR GIRLS IN 1927 spread over China. Almost every society of importance has ex· panded its work and increased its agents.

In 1876 there were in China twenty-nine missionary societies with four hundred and seventy-three workers. In the latest Christian Year Book (1926) there were 8,158 workers, who are connected with more than two hundred organizations of the most varied types. Some of the small societies are sponsored by single individuals, others by solitary churches. In such cases the death of a patron, a change of pastorates, 0" anyone of many other causes might easily result in the suspension of the work, or its submergence in some more stable body. In the Christian Year Book, it is shown tha t since 1918 eleven units have disappeared (seven having united wit.h others) but on the other hand twenty-one new ones have been listed!

The development of a new national consciousness in China has extended to the Christian Church, which is now effectively taking into

its own hands its complete administration. There are many indications that this means radical readjustments in Christian missions in that land. In The Chinese Recorder for May-June, 1927, there was published a Preliminary Statement of the Committee of the Hangchow Christian Union, composed of members of five different churches, that of the Church Missionary Society (low church Anglican), the China Inland Mission, the American Presbyterian North & South, and the American Baptist, North. (At the Edinburgh Confer- Gnce of 1910 one of the most outstanding Christians in China, Dr. Ch'eng Chingyi, gave as one of the "seven points" of his brief address: "Denominational distinctions do not interest us Chinese"). In view of their future importance it is necessary to quote these findings of this pioneer committee.

1. SEPARATE FROM THE WESTERN CHURCH. (Basis of freedom and independ- ence.) . 1. A Church with sovereign rights. ?. Independence in government. 3. Iniiependence in finances.

II. ELIMINATE DENOMINATIONS. (Discontinue those religious practices and customs that have been brought from the West which becloud the Christ that we know.) 1. Follow Christ. 2. Unify the creeds. 3. Unify forms and ceremonies.

III. ESTABLISH THE CHINESE CHRISTIAN CHURCH. (Take over church author- ity.) 1. The Chinese Christian Church should have a unified system of organ· ization. 2. It should meet the needs of the Chinese people.

IV. THE ATTITUDE TOWARD THE FRIENDLY CHURCHES OF THE WEST. (Ask them to assume the place of a guest.) 1. Foster the original friendship. 2. Do not interfere with their preaching the gospel, but they should not establish churches, give baptism, or compromise our sovereignty. 3. As to the control of schools and hospitals, we will leave those matters to the government to decide. 4. If the Western churches wish to help in the matter of supplying workers and money, the appointment and distribution of the saine must be left to us.

V. THE METHOD OF INAUGURATION. 1. This plan will first be tried in Hangchow. 2. The five churches in Hangchow will each announce their separation from their original relationships. 3. All five churches will unite and organize the Hangchow Christian Church. 4. The matters of creed, ceremonies, and the details of organization must be presented and discussed a month in advance, after which they may be passed by the whole body and put into operation.

It has been said that politically the Chinese have "hurdled a century." In view of plans like this (of which there are several) it

FIF'£Y YEARS OF PROTESTANT MISSIONS IN CHINA

might be added that they are also planning to short-circuit Chinese history. If anything like this program is carried out instead of twohundred different Protestant bodies working in China there may be very few. Those which the Chinese can not or will not assimilate will be obliged to retire.

It is a perfectly rational question. What has the introduction of Christianity done for China '! What has Christianity done for any country~ What did it do for the Armenians, the first people to accept it~ vVhat for Greece, for the Roman Empire, for medieval Europe, for modern Europe7 Inquiries like these can not be answered offhand, nor without prolonged study, and a well balanced judgment.

The benefits of Christianity are not the less real because in every Prom an old copy of The PreSbyterian Foreign Missionary. MISSIONARY TRAVELING IN NORTH CHINA IN 1877 age they are ridiculed, undervalued, denied and despised, as perhaps they will be to the end of time. Christianity produces beautiful lives unmatched by anything found elsewhere. This it has done in China as in other lands, alike in the ancient Greek Catholic, the Roman Catholic, and the Protestant churches. It has taught a reasonable as well as a scriptural idea of God, quite new to China. It has given an explanation of sin of which China's religions took little or no account. It brings the news of Salvation, and of the indwelling and outworking Spirit of God in the soul of man.

Christianity has given a new conception of holy motherhood, of the beauty of childhood, and the worth of the individual as taught by the Master, never hitherto within the scope of Oriental thought. The Christian Church with its firm but gentle authority over the inner as well as the outer lives of men and of women, a weekly day of physical rest, mental recreation, and spiritual uplift, its regular

oral religious instruction for old and for young on life's duties and opportunities, opening to all men the spiritual inheritance of thousands of years of Christian and pre-Christian experience in sermon, story and song-all these are God's best gifts to a wearied and dis couraged age. Christianity has taught mothers how to care for their infants, and parents how to train their children, supplementing and vastly expanding and uplifting China's ancient system of education. It has taught China to care for her sick and disabled by the aid of modern appliances. It has introduced new therapeutic principles and practice on an unexampled scale. It has taught the importance and the necessity of universal education. Chinese educational ideals have always been lofty but limited. '1'here was practically no provision for teaching girls, the coming mothers of scholars and statesmen, although in a few exceptional instances women in China have attained scholarship and influence. The humble day-school for boys and girls, and also the Sunday-school have been the theory and the practice o,f each mission station in China, which has in reality been a dynamo radiating in every direction light, heat and electricity, and doing it all the time. The ,western-educated women in China, who have come in ever-increasing numbers, have been an object lesson, whether as wives, as educators, as physicians, or as trained nurses, wise and winning, strong and sweet, God's best gift to the twentieth century. Chinese girls, at first too shy to leave their humble homes, have now for decades been educated in Christian schools, have gone to foreign lands, and although relatively few in number have exerted immense influence upon their return to China.

The work of any earnest missionary" who seed immortal bears," is never easy. He has this treasure in earthen vessels. It is a truism that his real troubles begin with his first convert. He knows all too well what it is to have coming upon him daily the care of all the churches. He has longed for the time when that burden should be lifted by the evolution of an "indigenous church," now already well on the way to realization, but in widely differing degrees. The many bitter attacks upon the Church in China, and upon Christianity, are not so much due to dissatisfaction with its teachings, although that exists often upon a great scale, as to the behavior of those who have advocated it, but whose actions have not always squared with its precepts. It was once supposed that nations possessing and professing such a lofty moral teaching as Christianity seems to be, must be ideal. That superstition is extinct-extinguished by bitter experience!

The Christian Church in China will endure and come forth from its fiery ordeal purified and strengthened. But it is possible that large successes in Christian work in China will await the time when America, at least, has set her own house in order and has become in a more real sense a Christian nation. and Now BY REV. STEPHEN J. COREY, ST. LOUIS, MISSOURI Vice President of the United Christian Missionary Society I N ADDITION to the spiritual appeal to prayer for the mission- ary enterprise there has always been the two-fold appeal for life to be dedicated to the service and for gifts to support the cause.

vVhat were the fundamental factors on which the appeal for missions was based fifty years ago~ What is the basis of the appeal at the present time~ Some of the elements of the appeal were more clear cut a half century ago, than at present moment when the whol~ enterprise is passing through a period of change and readjustment.

1. PERMANENT ELEMENTS IN THE ApPEAL There are factors in the missionary appeal which are fundamental and unchanging. They lie at the basis of all sending of the Gospel. The emphasis may have shifted, but they endure in the very foundations of Christianity. These are: The compulsion of divine love, the need of all men for God, the inadequacy of the non-Christian religions, the power of Jesus Christ to save, the imperative call of the Great Commission, the inherent missionary principle of Christianity itself and the results of the missionary enterprise in individual redemption, in social uplift, in education and in the overthrow of human injustice. These permanent factors in the missionary challenge form a broad and enduring appeal. They cannot rightly be discarded because of any change which may take place in human conditions. When the Church came to a consciousness of its missionary responsibility, more than a hundred years ago, all of these elements of appeal were expressed except the last. When measurable results began to be recorded, this appeal for human justice and higher education began to emerge. In the new missionary era of the present day, it behooves us to hold fast the unchanging realities of our missionary faith and appeal. Important as are some of the new elements, here are factors which fit into all periods and all conditions. To abandon them would mean a loss of faith and would bring disaster to the cause.

There are, however, changing factors in foreign missions work, brought about by rapidly shifting world conditions, which not only alter the emphasis in the missionary appeal, but may even bring into it different elements.

Fifty years ago the missionary cause knew nothing of the following realities: the awakened self-consciousness and virile nationalism 921 of Oriental races; the world awareness of once isolated peoples; the rising indigenous church in mission areas; the emergence of native leadership to take many responsibilities once carried by the foreign missionary; the discrediting of Western leadership through the example of so-called" Ohristian" nations; the change from expansive to intensive plans on the fields j the active and virulent non-Ohristian movements in the Far East. No church constituency, no foreign board and no missionary, or missionary leader, can afford to ignore the problems and adjustments necessary because of these changes which are certain to influence the missionary appeal. Changing conditions do not alter the unchanging factors in Foreign Missions, but they supplement and expand the appeal, and affect its impact upon both lif.e and financial support.

II. THE ApPEAL OF FIFTY YEARS AGO The missionary challenge of half a century ago was more subjective and simple than the challenge of today. It reflected the theology and outlook of religious thinking and preaching in those days, just as the present challenge is colored by those concepts of today. Someone has wisely said, "Men did not analyze motives and were not as psychological fifty years ago as now." The preaching then laid more emphasis on the life to come, while today the preaching is largely concerned with the life that now is. The missionary appeal then, dwelt largely on the lost condition of non-Ohristian people, while today their present intellectual and social needs are emphasrzed. One of the oldest missionary leaders writes, "So far as J can recall, the prevailing appeal of the missionary meeting and Sunday school fifty years ago was: Far, far away, in heathen darkness dwelling, Millions of souls forever may be lost.

Behind it was the awful significance of the words lost and forever, and all that in the physical sense." He goes on to say that there was also present the higher appeal of our "marching orders." Some no doubt rose into such an intimate fellowship with the eternal Father, who is Love, that they were caught in that great stream of love for a lost world.

Another one of the older men, a retired secretary of one of the oldest Boards who was a missionary fifty years ago, says, "My own impression is that the great change, certainly in our own denomination, is from the emphasis on the future life, to emphasis on life today." He adds, " A secretary of the Board gave an address at one of our annual meetings, in which he pictured the non-Ohristian populations of the world passing in review for days and weeks, and dropping over a precipice into eternal damnation. It was a vivid picture and I imagine it made a strong appeal at that time." A general, interdenominational conference on Foreign Missions, held at Mildmay, London, in October 1878, with delegates from thirtyfive Boards and Societies, gave one whole session to the "Claims of Foreign Missions on the Home Churches."

The appeal as it was presented in that meeting revealed a number of outstanding elements. The most oft-repeated note was the Great Commission of Our Lord and its imperative obligation upon Christian people.

Next in emphasis was the millions of the lost, without hope, hurrying on to judgment, with the compulsion of the fact that out of every three persons in the world two had never seen the Bible or heard of heaven or hell.

Close to the above in emphasis was the assuring success which had already rewarded missionary effort. Then followed the spiritual need of the church at home for the unselfishness and Christ-like spirit which the missionary passion develops. Some other appeals em" phasized were: the duty of taking to others the blessings bestowed upon us;' the social and educational uplift provided by missionary effort; the unifying influence of the missionary task among Protestant Christians; the new means of communication and a more accessible world; our compassion for suffering humanity; our debt to the nations for past neglect. The duty was also emphasized of carrying the Christian elements of our civilization to the uncivilized and unChristian lands.

The literature of forty years ago had a strong element of the crusading spirit in it. 'rhe thought was that Christ's policy for His Church was not one of concentration, but diffusion and that the n regions beyond" should be our cry in a holy and enthusiastic crusade upon the kingdoms of darkness in all the earth. This was followed a little later with the electrifying call of the Student Volunteer Movement, "The Evangelization of the World in this Gener- ation. " III. THE ApPEAL OF TODAY The change of emphasis in the appeal from fifty years ago, as far as theological convictions are concerned, can be accounted for by the different emphasis in modern teaching and preaching, and by the changed views of child psychology. Most religious work today, both at home and abroad, emphasizes the proper training of the child, rather than the snatching of adults from the burning. But other factors in the relation of the missionary cause to a shifting world cannot be so explained.

Fifty years ago, and even in more recent times, the missionary task seemed relatively simple. It had to do with the conversion of, non-Christian people to Jesus Christ and its chief objective was emphasized as the winning of converts and adding them to His Church. 'rypes of missionary work not directly evangelistic, such as healing and education, were considered mainly as keys to unlock the hearts of people for evangelism. Today the work of Foreign Missions is decidedly complex. The closer contact of the East with the West, the presence of many foreign students in America, the nationalistic movements in nearly all mission fields, the handicap to the Christian appeal because of the unChristian political and industrial relation- ships of so-called Western Christian nations with the East, have all added to the problems of the work.

The missionary enterprise cannot longer be looked upon only as a crusade to bring the whole world in line with Christianity as interpreted in the West. It is now recognized as including the task of penetrating the Oriental world with the spirit and teaching of Christ, for both individual and social life. Its base line is the conversion of the individual to Christ, but its imperative circle includes the transformation of the entire area of Oriental thinking and living, through the cleansing power of the Christ life. This is a vastly greater undertaking than missionary work as conceived of by most people a half century ago. It demands a more comprehensive appeal that must challenge a consecration both in life and substance, commensurate with the larger undertaking.

Our Lord said to His disciples, "Pray ye the Lord of the harvest that he thrust forth laborers into his harvest." That call to prayer is as insistent today as in the first century, but we must pray wisely. Until recently most of our praying has been as though the laborers were all to go out from the home base. It is now evident that such is not the case. "While missionaries must still go to foreign lands, th,ey must be fewer and better equipped, and proportionately greater numbers of native leaders must take up the work. Perhaps the greatest challenge to our faith in missionary effort tod!lY, is for a new realization that our support must be invested more largely in the service performed by brothers whom we have not seen. Our giving for the spread of the Gospel must find its objective increasingly in the wise undergirding of native Christian work on the field. The major part of the enterprise can no longer center in the support of the foreign missionary. We should frankly face the issues involved. This is due the work itself, the home constituency, and the young American life which stands ready to go and serve in distant lands.

The major factors affecting the number of new missionaries needed at the present time for service abroad may be catalogued as follows: 1st. While the expense of carrying on missionary work has greatly increased since the "Vorld War, due to changed economic conditions throughout the world, missionary giving has remained very much at a level for the last six years. Missionary budgets have therefore either remained stationary, or have been cut-some of them drastically. As a result fewer new missionaries have been sent out. This decrease has also affected the native work on the fields. This cannot be longer endured if the work is to be preserved. Boards are, therefore, receiving the message from their fields, "Send us no new missionaries, except to fill emergencies, until our budgets can be largely increased for the regular work."

2nd. We formerly thought of missionary expansion hugely in terms of new missionaries, new fields occupied, and new stations opened. Most Boards and missions are now thinking of enlargement in terms of strengthening what has already been established. In other words, for the time being at least, the Foreign Missions program must be intensive instead of expansive. It is quite generally recognized that to put large additional sums of money into an enlarged staff of missionaries just now, would jeopardize instead of help the work.

3d. The prayers of the past are being answered. An indigenous church, self-supporting and self-directing, is arising. It is a slow prOCt~SS and foreign missionaries will be needed for many years, but the change is taking place. It is doubtful whether a largely increased staff of missionaries would help in this readjustment, even though the money was available to send them.

4th. Then we have Ohina and the great crisis in Ohristian missions there. Even at the very best, with missionaries invited back within a comparatively short period, it is evident that Ohina will nepd no increase in the present number of missionaries for years to come.

Thus the appeal for enlargement and more adequate support for Foreign Missions, cannot at present go hand in hand with a call for ~. largely increased missionary staff. This perhaps is the most vital change in the missionary challenge. What ever may be the reason, the call to "evangelize the world in this generation," which was the stirring appeal of thirty years ago, no longer successfully challenges the Ohurch to give, or its young life to go. Any such plan of wholesale evangelization seems now to be both impracticable and superficial. Evangelization does not go by generations even at home and the kingdom builds infinitely more slowly in non-Ohristian lands.

THE OHALLENGE OF THE HOUR What then must be the distinctive challenge of this hour1 From every side comes the answer, "It must be Jesus Ohrist Himself." This' is of course not a new appeal, but a re-emphasis in singleness of devotion and inclusiveness of purpose, of the fundamental call which is at the heart of all appeals. Our line of attack must be shortened and the diffused factors in our appeal must be brought to a focus. While retaining and proclaiming the majority of the elements in the challen,l('e of former years, we must make them all center in Christ. To live His life in America is the one great vindication for carrying His message abroad; to make Him known to those who know Him not is the one challenge and inspiration of the Christian missionary. Handicapped as we are by, the pagan elements in our Western civilization and revealed to the East more surely in our sins than in our grace, what have we to take that will endure the fierce fire of present day refining, other than Jesus Christ, the Son of God and the life of men~ The appeal to young life to go out to this task of revealing Christ must not be to a militant crusade, but to a supreme devotion to the living Christ who is indispensable to the West as well as tothe East. The appeal to the Church at home must be the same-the call to take Jesus Christ, the only adequate answer to fundamental human need and the only dynamic and apologetic for the missionary task.

We must emphasize this appeal. Here is where a crusade is in order. The mechanism of our budget systems is leaving a multitude of the Christian, people of this decade without light. In many churches no worthy appeal for missions is made whatever, and the fact that the Cause has tJeen written into the budget, is taken for proof that the problem of giving for missions is settled. No appeal is effective unless it is presented. Even the command of Ohrist to go into all the world finds its imperative obligation only in knowledge. In many a church a sermon on the Great Oommission and its adaptation to the modern missionary situation, would be a startling novelty. The budget system for missions is not an appeal, but a helpful mechanical device. It makes education even more necessary than before, because the sharp point of specific and definite appeal is largely gone. If the missionary banners ever needed lifting, the present hour demands it. A new crusade is imperatively needed at home to set forth Ohrist as the one Hope of all the world, and the universal penetration of His life and teaching as inherent in Ohristianity, basic in the teaching of the New Testament, and imperative in our Lord's command.

CHRIST CALLS FOR BOYS AND MEN Christ's plea as it was heard by J. M. Coon at St. Petersburg, Fla.

For My world task, greatest of all Men, true men like Paul, are sorely the tasks needed now Of earth, I need great men and gifts In this earth's crucial hour. Awake, to match. o Church and hear! Render unto God the men who are God's Send Me your men, your princely, venturous men; E'en though it mean a taking of the cross. Send men; for they give aU who first give self. I am ready, My great apostle said, 1 must have men-the Lindbergh Going the way of sacrifice and death; type of men; Nor counted he his life a thing tQ Only so can I win this lost world. spare. Now so in need of glorious achieve- ment.

Send men of prayer, obedience and towering faith.

Frr;rn The Presbyterian Home lJ-I1I.ssionarll

HOW MISSIONARIES TRAVELED ACROSS THE WESTERN PRAIR.lES FIFl'Y YEARS AGO Half Century of Progress in Home Missions BY REV.•JOHN A. MARQUIS, D.D., NEW YORK General Secretary of the Board of National Missions of the Presbyterian Church, U. S. A.

I T IS difficult to distinguish between progress in Home Missions and progress in the Church at large. Home Missions is simply the vanguard of the Church. Its business is to introduce the Church and to so establish it that it will become self-functioning and self-sustaining within definite areas. This accomplished, Home Missions within these areas ceases. The height of progress in Home Missions, therefore, is to work itself out of a job, and this it has been been doing in one area after another from the beginning, and especially during the past fifty years. Its mandate is to furnish the privileges of the Christian religion to the religiously underprivileged communities and peoples of the home land. These privileges include t.he whole gamut of the service that the Gospel of Christ is intended to render to mankind, of faith and worship and welfare, and institutions competent to promote them. These are the mission of the Church to the world :-to call men to faith, to maintain worship and to advance the well-being of man in all the relationships of his life. ·When a community, or a people, have been brought to the place where they are able and willing to do these things for themselves, they are 927

no longer religiously underprivilege~ and pass beyond the boundary of Home Mission responsibility.

A study of the efforts of the Church within these fields, that is, in Home Missions, reveals lines of undoubted progress, among which we mention the following: 1. Placing the Chtlrch. During the fifty years just past the American nation has gone through one of the most remarkable developments of. history. Its population has more than doubled, for one thing, and for another, its people have penetrated to every nook and corner of its vast territorial extent. Still more, it has gone through an equally remarkable transition in type, and instead of be- HOW MISSIONAR~ES TRAVE!L ACROSS THE PRAIHIES 1'ODAY ing prevailingly agricultural and rural, as it was fifty years ago, it has become prevailingly industrial and urban. It has been the task of Home Missions to keep up with these developments and changes. New communities were created by the hundred almost over night, some of them of the old type of rural community, and in recent years there have been many of a new type of industrial community, peopled largely by immigrants of a class entirely unknown to America before. It has been the task of Home Missions to furnish these communities with churches and to maintain them until they were able to maintain themselves. In view of the magnitude and difficulty of the task it has been creditably done, not fully by any means, but it has been done as well as could reasonably be expected. Morerthan 90% of the new Protestant churches created to meet the growth and spread of the population during this period were organized})y

1927J HALF CENTURY OF PROGRESS IN HOME MISSIONS

Protestant Home Mission agencies and supported by them until they were able to go alone; not a few of them are now among the strong- est and most influential churches in America.

Unfortunately in many places the matter was overdone. Oom- munities that needed but one church were supplied with severalto the weakening of religion and giving occasion for ridicule by the ungodly. We may as well confess that much of this overchurching was due to sheer denominational rivalry-or if rivalry be an offen- sive term, call it denominational zeal. Each denomination was afraid to be left out. Expansion was a mania. Every little town on the prairie or in the mountains was sure that it was going to be another Ohicago or Denver. The land agents said so, the first settlers believed it, therefore it must be true. Few Home Mission superintendents were willing to take the risk of leaving their denomination out of the first grand rush. So they generally all entered on the ground floor- to discover later that it was a very small floor with slim prospects of its ever becoming roomier.

While- much of this needless multiplication of churches was due to miscalculation of the future, some of it, perhaps a good deal of it fifty years ago, had conscience of a sort behind it. There were then, and there are still, denominational representatives who feel it their religious duty to place a church of their persuasion in any com- munity, no matter how well churched it may be already, where a handful of its adherents call for it. They seem to be possessed of the notion that God is a member of their denomination, and will not enter a community unless it is represented. Happily such leaders are a diminishing element today, and ere long will doubtless dis- appear altogether j so we thank God and take courage. One of the big problems that Home Mission leaders are struggling with today is to rectify these mistakes, and they are doing it. Fifty years ago the statesmanship of a superintendent, and of a denomination, for that matter, was gauged by the number of new churches organized.

Our guess is that it will not be long until the test will be the number of needless churches closed and the amount of energy and money put into them that is transferred to places where there is both need and room.

Despite all this, the Home Mission forces during the past fifty years did a great piece of work in following the American people in their migrations with the Ohurch, including all that the presence of a church in a community means of religious instruction, public worship and evangelistic appeal. What the civilization of the new states in the West owes to this fact is beyond appraisal. It is worth noting also that it is from these states that our American civilization gets its. strongest Christian emphasis; We are thjnkingat this point, to be sure, only of what has been done during the past half century for what we may call people of our American stock, those who speak 4 .

/ the English language and generally cherish Protestant traditions. In the main, Home Missions has cared for them well as they have spread over the continent. When they have trekked to the fastnesses of the Rocky Mountains, or to the gold fields of Alaska, the home mis- sionary has gone with them and done his best to care for their souls.

2. M'inistering to the Diaspora. America has had many such during our fifty-year period, and has them yet, people so scattered on the prairie or the mountains that a church among them is impossible. In many cases they are so far apart that they cannot be said to have a community. Then there are those who live in temporary communities, such as lumber cutters, seasonal workers such as migrant harvesters and toilers in canneries, and the foreign-speaking immigrant, who because of his language disability is more isolated than any of them. Among these throughout the whole of the fifty years the itinerant missionary has been going, establishing Sunday schools, distributing religious literature and visiting them as he could. The achievements of these years could not have been won without the Oircuit Rider. He is still riding in widening circuits, and to remote corners, the mightiest kingdom builder the American Church has yet produced.

3. Collateral Service. From the beginning the Ohurch has carried educational and humanitarian institutions as a necessary part of her program. In the field of American Home Missions the establishment and maintenance of schools, hospitals, dispensaries, houses of neighborly service, etc. is almost wholly a development of the last fifty years. At the beginning of the period they were practically non-existent as Home Mission enterprises. Today they bulk large in all our programs. They are confined to communities and peoples who could by no sort of consideration support such institutions themselves. They are among the American Indians, in Alaska, in the mountains of the South and Southwest, in isolated immigrant communities and particularly among the vast Negro population of the South. They are rendering an immense humanitarian as well as religious ministry to the neglected and underprivileged peoples of the country. The evangelistic programs of the churches in the regions they serve are vastly stronger because of them. Hundreds of workers are employed in this form of Home Missions today, and millions of dollars raised and expended in its support, and practically all of it the contribution of the last fifty years. . Ooincident with this, and largely because of it, has been the emergence of organized Home Mission work on the part of the women of the churches. Perhaps the most outstanding and challenging mark of progress in the period under discussion is the educational and medical work carried on by the women's missionary societies. It has grown and prospered and served under their management in a way that has a right to be called providential.

HALF CENTURY OF PROGRESS IN HOME MISSIONS

From an olel OOIlJl of The Presbyterian Home Mia8kmary. MORMON FAMILY LIFE IN UTAH FIFTY YEARS AGO 4. Specialization. Another product of the fifty years in question is the development of specialized forms of Home Mission service, the discovery, to speak after the manner of scientists, of a new technique for attacking new problems. As already intimated the population of the country during the period has been in a state of flux. The American finds it hard to stay put so far as his place of habitation is concerned. The opening up of the rich agricultural lands of the West caught the imagination of the old type of farmer in New England and the Middle Atlantic States, and he took the advice of Horace Greeley and trekked westward by the thousand. Into his place, if his place was taken at all, there moved, in many localities, a man from Eastern or Southern Europe who knew nothing about, and rarely could be interested in, the church he found there. Along with this came the rise of industrialism. Factories and mining companies took possession of the corn fields and meadows and were manned nearly altogether by foreign labor.

This shift of population and occupation created two problems for the Home Mission forces: One to follow the old American to his Western home, and the other to take care of the new Americans who

swarmed in from Europe to take his place, or to work in the" infant industries." The former could generally be solved by the old methods, but the latter was impervious to them. It was, and is, a bewildering business, and it would be going afield to say as yet that any Home Mission leader clearly sees his way out. But experiments have been made and new met,hods of attack invented which have made some dent on the problem. Such ventures as the specialized rural parish plans and the community center projects in immigrant settlements have shown an encouraging degree of success where they have been seriously tried. At any rate there is now in process of development a technique for getting the old Gospel into these new situations which promises enough success to warrant a more vigorous trial than it has yet received. The Apostle Paul approached people with the Gospel on the basis of their psychological and sociological conditions, and the Mission Boards are simply trying to do the same thing in pursuing the new methods of which they are often suspected and for which severely criticised. Paul preached the same Gospel in Athens he did iIi Jerusalem but with a different approach. Our conviction is very deep that all this development, which is the product of the last few years, means progress for Home Missions and the Ohurch among the most difficult people they have to deal with.

Another progressive step of recent years deserves prominent mention, viz., the vastly more effective organization for Home Missions now obtaining in the cities of the country. In many of the major cities definite and well-manned church-extension movements have been set up which are attempting to deal with their problems in a scientific and thorough-going way. The modern city in America is a heart-breaking affair for Home Missions. It is a new phenomenon in both our church and national life. In most of the larger ones the foreigner and his children constitute from 50% to 80% of the population. They herd together in ghettos and districts which give them a solidarity of resistance exceedingly hard to break or even to crack. But here, again, the church extension agencies have made themselves real boards of strategy and are trying out every- thing they can think of to get the Gospel of Ohrist in all its fullness. before the polyglot minds of these dense populations.

5. Interdenominational Cooperation. This is the most hearten- ing and hopeful sign of progress above the horizon today in Home Missions. It is a conviction that year by year has been ripening into> a policy. Less than two decades ago there were formed the "Home Missions Oouncil II and the" Council of W Ollien for Home Missions, I ~ whose specific purpose it was, and is, to promote cooperation among the agencies at work. Today these councils comprise more than nine . tenths of the Boards and Agencies of Protestantism. They are weH organized and officered and well supported by the agencies which belong to them. Fifty years ago such an arrangement would not have

been possible, had anybody thought of it, which nobody did. In the short period of their existence these Councils have done some notable things. They have brought their constituent Boards, for one thing, to a knowledge and appreciation of what each is doing. If a stranger twenty years ago had read the report of anyone of the Boards to its denomination he would never have suspected that anything was being done by anybody else. Presbyterians, Baptists, Methodists, and so on to the end of the list, each reported their own work without any hint that others were in the vineyard. This is all changed today. The reports without exception, so far as I have been able to examine them, contain sections devoted to cooperative work and agreements, together with statements of the amount of money appropriated to these ends.

To be sure competition has not been remedied, it has not been entirely prevented in new fields, but it has been abated. More than that, a new attitude of mind has been created toward it. Weare ashamed of it today, and when it occurs we hunt round for an excuse or somebody else to blame it on. The Home Mission agency that pushes into a field already occupied by other denominations is on the defensive, which is a new thing under the sun in interdenominational relations.

The movement toward mutual understanding and cooperation has gone much further in the large cities than elsewhere. In many of them there is what amounts to a contract that new enterprises shall be located by mutual consent. Inter-church federations have been formed to foster comity and united effort, and they are becoming increasingly influential and dominant.

A notable instance of effective cooperation is what is now going on in the Republic of Santo Domingo, probably the most neglected spot in the two Americas. About six years ago a proposal was made to go into the Island jointly. It was immediately accepted by five Boards: Two Methodist (men's and women's), two Presbyterian (now one) and the United Brethren. An independent Board, called "The Board of Christian Work in Santo Domingo" was chartered, the members of which are elected by the participating Boards. The participating Boards also furnish the necessary funds, but they do not administer the work; that is done entirely by the new Board. The enterprise is prospering under this arrangement, and no one concerned with it would think of going back to the old denominational way.

As a matter of sober fact denominational over-lapping is disappearing from the field of Home Missions. There is today far more of it among self-supporting churches than among those receiving aid from Home Mission funds. The remedy is public opinion within the churches. Due to the precedents set by the Home Mission forces such public opinion is rising and is already making itself felt.

These are some of the lines of progress that characterize the Home Mission work of the evangelical churches in America during the past half century. Others deserve mention and treatment did space permit; the contribution to evangelism, for example, and to the growth in church membership during the fifty years. While the population of the country has doubled the membership of the evangelical churches has quadrupled. ')'he Home Mission churches have led the procession in this gain, their percentage rate of increase on profession of faith being from two to three times that of the churches at large. Mention should also be made of the development of a body of forceful and well-trained Home Missions local executives, who are more and more being looked to for leadership within their From an vtd OOPJI of The Presbyterian. Home M0£8sWnary. MINNEAPOLIS A HALF-CENTURY AGO areas in all that pertains to the general welfare of the churches, such as evangelism and benevolence.

In a large sense these years in America, like the whole of the nineteenth century, bear a significant resemblance to the first year of our Lord's earthly ministry. They have been a time of preparation, a period granted us by the Captain of our Salvation to gird and equip ourselves for a vaster, nobler service to all mankind in the years to come. The whole history of America thus far means this if it means anything in the providence of God: getting ready for a planet-wide, human-deep campaign of redemption such as has been carried forward by the Christian forces of no other nation before us. Will the next fifty years see this campaign fully launched 1

®. ~hWU""B'UEWST

EFFICIENCY POINTS FOR A NEW YEAR'S WORK The Peace of Goodwill move" than in present-day activities The distinguishing note of Christ- of church missionary organizations.

mas is comprehended in the message "The faithful few"-all honor to that marked the advent of Him who their genus-are fast becoming ex- was born in Bethlehem-" Peace and tinct as we line up the whole church Good Will." Peace can come only lor missions and the recruiting goes from go~d will. III will produces dis- cheerily on, from the wee cradle cord, bItterness and strife. The rollers to their grandparents. Goose- world's yearning today is for peace. flesh sentimentality is being replaced Every experiment has been tried, by a sensible estimate of the mission- every nostrum suggested to effect it ~ry as a person of normal psychology, but it seems still an evanescent dream: In a gOIng concern, subject to the Perhaps that is because we have same l~ws a~ ~hose that r-overn any lacked the good will that alone can other hIgh spIrItual endeavor. "Fling produce it. Said the late President out the Banner" and "The Morning Harding to me on one occasion: Light is Breaking" have drowned "The Gospel of Understanding alone out certain oft-used old-time hymns will insure a tranquil world." The that used to die a doleful death alter Gosp~l of Understanding, yes, under- five or six stanzas of quavering pathos.

standIng that is based upon good will. " The usual monthly missionary meet-.

That is the Gospel of Christmas. ing" of twenty-five years ago was With an increasing desire fobrecpoemaicne~ often to be taken, like castor oil, not with world interests fast for the taste but for the effect. Now- more common and its relations more ada:ys missionary meetings are be- intimate, shall we not believe that comIng normal· and correspondingly through men and women of good will attractive. Speed the day when we ~ better and happier understanding shall have to hang outside the door IS presently to be reached? Better the sign, "Standing Room Only." On ~han all the gifts we give or receive J~n.uary first, resolve to bring your IS that sense of happiness and security mlsIonary department a step nearer that proceeds from the consciousness that ideal during 1928. The follow- that men all the world over are com- ing pointers are culled out of reports ing to a better understanding. Shall from some of our most successful mis-.

we not hope, as we enter into the sionary organizations: .

spirit of' a new Christmas day, that Gearing for Efficiency there shall come that reign Ol universal peace and good will of which Progress in any organized endeavor the heralding angels sang?-BrsHoP is marked by ever-increasing correIa, JAMES E. FREEMAN. tion of homogeneous parts, to con- serve power and eliminate lost m()tion. Proclaiming the Messa~~e through the 0 nIy t he most I.ncorrigible champions Local Church of "yesterday forever" still insist on Nowhere do we find more indis- making women '8 work in the local putable !widence that "the world do church an exception. Our ideal should 935

be the creation of a local Board of material to take back to their fields, Missions, with an elective or appoint- for use not only in their own families ive membership, this board to be the but among the native mothers. This general planning and promotional opens a realm of wonderful, world- body for all missionary endeavor in wide possibilities.

the congregation. By no other means "A third group, chiefly with a so- can we secure correlation of effort cial objective, was formed from among and unified, comprehensive planning, business and professional women thus ending the haphazard presenta- obliged to meet in the evenings. Still tion which has been called "the kan- a fourth group, which we like to think garoo method. " But our approach to of as auxiliary to the Women's So- this must be synthetic, building up ciety, consists of the King's Daughters bH by hit. The writer. has yet to of high school age–the chief timbers learn of one instance in which the from which we must build our future amalgamation of the Women's Home organizations.

and Foreign Missionary organizations "There was inevitably some over- and the Ladies' Aid Society failed to lapping, both of membership and in- accentuate the efficiency of all three– terest, with the same broad Kingdom after a reasonable period for convales· objective. 'l'actfully and carefully cense from "growing pains." The these groups were brought closer to- usual gearing provides for one presi- gether until finally they responded dent, with vice-presidents heading with a cordial affirmative to the ques- each subdivision of the work. Some tion, 'Would you like to be affiliated progressive churches have effected as a department of the Women's So- even a higher gear-and, mark you, ciety and make a report at its annual their number will increase. meeting l' Then it became almost a Mrs. Lathan A. Crandall, of the task for an efficiency expert to ar- Hyde Park Baptist Church, serving range the several group meetings to the University of Chicago, writes: avoid conflict of hours and to effect "Some years ago the young pastor's a mingling of the women from all wife became the leading spirit in or- the groups in programs, study and ganizing The Young Married Wom- business: but the growing spirit of en's Group, which afforded interest cooperation proved wonderful, and and work for the element not at- the work, though incomplete, is pro- tracted to the regular Women's So- gressing.

ciety. So successful was the venture "At present, the Women's Society that advancing years brought the has two meetings a month, at the first membership no inclination for pro- of which the women-mostly the motion. So, capitalizing her own ex- senior element-come together for a perience, the organizer in a master program at 2: 30, followed by after- stroke of diplomacy proposed that all noon tea. At the second, the Parent- who had been married ten years Education Group, meets at ten a. m., should voluntarily go into the senior and simultaneously another group society, not making age or motherhood (with time-honored 'Ladies' Aid'

or any of the usual talismans the functions) assembles for White Cross touchstone. or other benevolent sewing. At the "Later, certain mothers of adoles- ensuing luncheon these two groups cent children engaged a psychological are joined by the Young Married expert in child study to conduct a Women's Group, the president of the class, out of which grew a flourishing Women's Society conducting the Parent-Education Group that at- business before leaving the table, as tracted community women from all the relation of the entire gathering churches and no church at all. Re- to the financial budget entitles all cently-a new and thrilling feature– to a voice in the voting. After the wives of missionaries home on fur- luncheon, the Women's Society has lough have asked the expert for its mission study, and the Young Mar-

BEST METHODS

ried Women's Group its individual alone. This card contained the name program meeting. Improvements are of some woman not yet interested in in the air and we hope to be able to the work of the organization, who was report an even more efficient gearing to be wooed (but secretly) by every later. " possible legitimate means, through all Winning the Workers the remaining months. The wooer "Every able-bodied woman in the mailed unique and attractive invita- 'Church an active worker in the Wom- tions to all the meetings, sent Christ- en's Society" is the modern slogan, mas, Easter and, if possible, b~rthday and we may almost glimpse the day cards, signing one and all wlth the when it will be activated. A mission- curiosity-tickling non de plum.e, ary meeting, for instance, is not a 'Your Butterfly Friend.' Imagine thing set apart, a candidate for a the stress of keeping such a secret; modern miracle. It is subject to the and what a craning of necks and Sher- same laws of repulsion, attraction and lock-Holmesing there must have been neutrality as any other aggregation at the meetings. A Butterfly Lunch- of people. W ecannot rely to any eon at which all butterflies came out "'reat extent on "duty" to drive but of 'their cocoons, was the brilliant ;ather on "attraction" to pull. One roundup. It proved one of the most of the strongest lures is that of a successful rally functions ever held.

" job." The problem of attendance In charming invitations the Butterfly might be solved if we could command Friends lured their protegees to the the services of a vocational expert, to church parlors under promise of reye- assign each woman the task for ~hich lation of identity, and later sat beslde her tastes fitted her. To approxlmate them with said protegees as guests of this it is daeustiurmabnle(aatsuthpeer-fairtstt~amc~eievte- honor. The tables were beautifully ing 'of the decorated with flowers over which meeting heralded by personal mVIta- hovered butterflies of every descrip- tions) to pass out enlistment cards tion. Paper napkins bearing gay whereon each guest may check her butterflies were used. The toasts were preferences on a list of all possible all in terms of butterfly development activities, from passing the singing adenldighltiffe~l.anTdo tbe general effect was connect missionarf inbooks, arranging the room attractive- terest with attendance, the commIttee ly, preparing the light refreshme;nts plans presently to give each. wom;:n and serving as hostess, up to holdmg the name of a home or foreIgn mISan office serving on committees and sionary whose birthday falls on the taking a' part on a program. Active same date as her own, and to ask the brains sufficiently cudgeled can set the recipient to cultivate her missionary scenes for a much greater variety in every way possible. Thus what was than is usually afforded; and then at first a mere butterfly interest may with cards marked, the committee of develop into something perm.anen~ amateur experts may make their selec- and enduring 'Butterfly Fl'lends tions and adjustments, and follow up will become 'Birthday Friends.' " the enlistment vigorously b" assigning (Naturally this topic overlaps that of sucthe tasks and seeing to it that they cessful program building, wherein may presare attemped, Two mission circles ently be found more concrete plans for used very successfully "The Butter- solving the problem of church unemploy- fly Enlistment, " for recruiting. Here ment.) it is as described by Mrs. Lucy S. Sugar Coa.ting Mission Study Kyle, Redla'nds, California: '" At the first meeting of the mis- Meaty as our mission study books sion circle year-called 'The Migra- are, only high-class catering can make tion of the Butterflies'-each person them appetizinr>' to every member of was given a little card in a sealed en- the church family. But inasmuch as velope not to be opened until she was the best detached program is to the

study class as a "snack" to a square off in a missionary demonstration. One meal, the catering is well worth while. leader asked five successive questions, How is this for the triumph of a mis- the answer to one and all being' Bensionary chef, as described by Mrs. gal-Orissa,' all shouting the answer Stella M. Ogden of the First Baptist in unison until it took on the char- Church, Galesburg, Illinois T acter and enthusiasm of a college yell. At another table a young lady sang, " Our school of missions was a great 'In the Secret of His Presence'-a success, lasting six weeks with no hymn composed by a Hindu woman. diminution of interest. We began each evening session (which took the "After this the guests visited place of our mid-week prayer meet- elaborate booths which we had preings.) with a fifteen-cent supper, at pared in the Sunday-school class roms, each booth representing a misa quarter past six, and it would sur- sion field in India and their inspecprise you what wonderful meals can tion constituting a tour in miniature. be served at that price. Under a com- We had collected a great variety of petent permanent chairman, various pictures, curios and interesting bits group organizations or Sunday-school of visualized information, made colorclasses served suppers which proved ful posters, etc. ·Well-informed guides a marvel to everybody. There followed or demonstrators presided in the a fifteen-minute recreation period at booths. Thus a vast amount of otherwhich a ~imple group game, like wise 'dry' information was made in- 'buzz,' was played, and then the mis- spiring. I do not recall another sion study classes were held using series of missionary studies of as gen- 'The Christ of the Indian Road.' eral interest as the foregoing." Separate groups were formed for men, older and younger women and Successful PrograDl Building for young people in general, with a story-telling group for the younger Inspiration and information, mobilchildren. A different leader presented ized always by interest, must be the lesson chapter each week, and dis- balanced on effective programs. A cussion was free and animated. prayerful, consecrated spirit must be maintained throughout: but let no "Following this we were called to- one think the North Star will skid gether in the assembly room for a ten- from its course if the normal, wholeminute' pep period.' One meeting had some elements of humor, impersona- 'Peppy Pointers from Burma; an- tion and dramatization are in- troduced. Above all things, do not other, 'Some Pertinent Facts from the think a deeply spiritual leader must Missionary Quiz Book'; another was look like an undertaker or the chief a map lesson on the mission fields of mourner at her own funeral. No India, and at another, a returned mis- suspension of natural law is to be sionary and wife gave a Chinese fairy counted on inside a misionary meetstory, the missionary relating it in ing. People will be attracted only the native tongue and his wife trans- along the line of their natural interlating sentence by sentence. ests, and you may as well study and prepare to cater to these first :;s last. "We aimed to make our last night You are safe, however, in presupposa climax. The beautifully decorated ing a mixed appetite, even to the tables were designated for our several craving for a sprinkle of paprika or fields in India. The menu was, so far a dash of Lea and Perrins Sauce; but as possible, an Indian one-including first make sure that the food supplied rice, of course. Each guest upon ar- is worth the seasoning. Inasmuch as derival was furnished with pencil and sire for freshness and variety is nornaper and bidden to make a collection mal, keep the old-time traditionalists of forty facts from among those typed off the program committee. Make the and strewn over tables and church meetings short. Ordinarily a program parlors. Then the several supper tables were presided over by 'stunt leaders.' each responsible for leading

should be limited to an hour, exclusive "The letters may be collected at the of business (even that should be close and used again at subsequent "snappy"), and the participants meetings, possibly throughout the should be held to time though the year, guests drawing different letters heavens fall. "Talked to Death" is each time and thus getting the basal the unseen inscription on many a idea of universal service fixed."

mission circle monument. "The field A Unique Investment: "At any is the world"; but it is a mistake to convenient landmark of time-as the try to get it all into one capsule. Giv- first autumn meeting or the first one ing everybody something to do is a of the calendar year-give out num- sure appeal to natural interests. Here bered envelopes inscribed with the is an excellent suggesti()n from one following rules;- of our best known workers, Mrs. Helen Put me in a conspicuous plaee where you Barrett Montgomery; will SBe me every day.

"An Alphabetical Roll Call affords Get acquainted with me and what I am a pleasant variety in a missionary program. A scrambled alphabet is doing for the Kingdom. After knowing me for-months, come to the Woman 'B Missionary Meeting to be held passed around from which each per- on the lawn of Mrs. J– B- September oon draws a letter to be used as the 2d, and tell what you know abont me.

initial of some important qualification "Inside the envelope a daintily of a Chri&tian worker. If the size of decorated card bears the name and the audience justifies it, more than station of a missionary in present-day one alphahet may be given out and service, and the verse, called for as 'capital A and small a', etc. The leader should preface the roll When you Bee me day by day, call with forceful remarks on the im- Though my work lies far away, Learn about it all you may, portance of each member activating While for it and me you pray.

some quality of a successful worker, "The round-up meeting should be the variety rounding out the ideal attractively planned, with plenty of service that a church or a mission music interspersed among the timecircle should render. The letters are limited talks. Well-known hymns of then called for in rotation, their hold- which unannounced stanzas are ers rising and responding in some· started by a leader, serve excellently." thing like the following: -MAUDE A. BROOK, Fanny Doane A-Accept limitations. Home for Missionaries' Children, B-Be a Bible Christian. Granville, Ohio. C-Circle the globe by your prayers. The following program briefs sug- D-Don't pull down: build up. E-Eliminate non·essentials. gest plans for special occasions:- F-Follow Christ: fear nothing. Christmas: Carols, instrumental G-Give your best: get other folks' best. selections, stories and talks on the H-Have a well-made plan. observance of the season on home and I-Inhale power and exhale blessings. foreign fields; sketches of women and J-Joy and give thanks always. children in other lands not in the at- K-Kindly respond to letters, courtesies, requests. . mosphere of the blessed day; Christ- mas Hope-stories of schools and L-Let your love be genuine. hospitals built with offerings from M -Manage little: pray much. givers who have the Christmas spirit; N-Never give up. O-Obedience is the eye of the soul.

P-Pray your plans through. articles and stories from Christmas Q-Quality meallS more than quantity. numbers of missionary magazines; R-Respollsibility shared means development. plenty of holiday decorations, even S-Sincerity is the seal of power. to a tiny tree. If gifts have been as- T-Think things through before acting.

U-Uneeda vision. sembled for use among the needy, have V-Verify rumors before repeating. groups of w()men bring them forward W-Weights may be your wings_ -some in decorated baskets, some in Y"-X-cept your disabilities. huge tarlatan stockings carried, like Z-Zenith seers look upward.

the grapes ef Eschel, en a pole borne "ReDloving the Masculine Inferiority by two. wemen-each group display- CODlpIe","

ing its gift-effering with a merry, "Finally, brethren," let us return home-made jingle er song set to. to eur eriginal keynote, viz., lining a familiar air, as, up the whole church for missions. If "Christmas stockings, Christmas stockings, you can go no. farther at first, have an Filled with toys we bring"- open meeting with plenty of men en set to. the tune of the chorus ef the program, at least ence a quarter.

"Jingle Bells." But where possible, why net join Thanksgiving: After a hymn ef hands with churches whese Women's praise, ask each person to. give a Missienary Society is dropping its Bible verse of praise and thanksgiv- gender and becoming "common" ? ing or lead in a shert prayer ef grati- One such tells how the thank-offering tude (prime some beferehand fer meeting was ebserved as a Sunday definite themes). Then on blackbeard, merning service with address by the display causes for lecal, denemina- pastor and ensuing efferings; men tienal cr national gratitude, having cenducted the regular meetings frem members previously appeinted speak time .te time, ence having a free-forcne minute each, without anneunce- all discussion of Foreign Missiens by ment, en the themes. Close with men from a local club, these of indramatic sketeh 0.1." well-told stery. different interest having arguments assigned in favor of missiens and be- Summer Meetings: Fer a musical coming so enthusiastic that one porch meeting or picnic, have as The beught the l)ooks used fer reference. Air, a song; the Netes, secretary's re- another subscribed for THE MISSIONpert; the Staff', Scripture; the Key, ARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD frem praYN'; the Treble Clef, brief steries which he had culled his points (note ef eut;,tanding missionary wemen; the the strategy) etc.; debates were in- Bass Clef, steries ef missionary men; dulged in on such questions as, "Rethe Scere, a missienary contest or game; the Signature, names of very well-knewn missionaries pinned en selved, that industrialism has ren- backs to. be guessed by wearers from dered Africa a mere impertant mission answers to questicns they propound; field than those in Asia," and general the Rest, refreshments or dinner. subject matter was handled which A fagot meeting er missionary bon- commanded the interest of men and fire: Have either one leng story sub- women. It is simply a question as to.

divided, or a series ef snappy short whether wemen are willing to. sacri- ones, the narrators being previded fice something in erder to. extend to.

with fagots, each threwing her stick the whele church the good things to en the fire and continuing her nar- which they have long deveted them- ratien while it is burning. selves. Is it not werth while?

KATHARINE SCHERER CRONK. Sketches from her life by her sister, Laura Scherer Copenhaver. A charming story of our friend Mrs. Cronk, especially beautiful as a Christmas gift. 48 pp. Illuminated vellum cever. Price 25c. Published by M. H. Lewis, Box 4, North Cambridge, Mass.

Woman's Foreign Mission

EDITED BY MISS ELLA D. McLAURIN, 419 FOURTH AVE., NEW YORK THE TREASURE CHEST dren for stories, it seems almost un- The possibilities of this intensely forgivable that the children of India should so long have been deprived of interesting age in which we live are their birthright in this regard. It must always be remembered that if so startling as to be fairly breath- good people do not produce good lit- erature for children, bad people will taking. Through all the countries of produce bad literature. Fortunately, the forces for good have been the first the East today the fresh wind of free- in the field in India. For the past five years the Committee on Christian Litdom is stirring, and the hearts of men erature has supported the magazine, The Treasure Chest, now published in and women are opening to strange English and three vernaculars. The Methodist Board has sent· out three new influences. All of this awaken- women missionaries as editors of the English edition and provided an ing life in Asia makes a compelling editor of one of the vernacular edi- tions, while the Congregational Board demand upon us. For underneath all has furnished editors for two other editions. the unrest among the peoples of the The first edition was in English. East is a yearning for a spiritual There were two reasons for this, be- cause there were two classes of chilforce more powerful than any they dren to be reached. First of all the Christian children. The standa;d of know, a {orce that will transform hu- literacy in the Christian community is the highest of all. 'For Moslems the man character and give it "power to proportion is 8% among men and half become." of 1% among women; for Hindus it To make Jesus and His transform- is 1570 among men and 1%% among women; but for Christians it is 32% ing power the possession of all the among men and 1870 among women. And the standard is rising among peoples of the world is the passion of Christians more rapidly than in any other class. It is necessary, then, to all of us who have experienced that cultivate in Christian children a love of reading, as well as to provide them power in our own lives. Many differ- with good reading. If there are few Christian books the children will read ~nt agencies must be used for carry- whatever they can find, bad as well as good. mg our message, and among them one of the greatest is the power of the printed page. Literature opens up a neglected line of approach to the Hindu and Moslem heart, and voices a new challenge to us. We are only beginning to glimpse the enormous possibilities for good that it holds.

In India the way for a great work has been prepared by the system of education. There are 21,000,000 liter- ates, (half of whom are children and young people), a ntdhiasbonuutm3b0e0~00e0vearrye being added to year. But against this apparent prog- ress we must set the fact that 39% of the children of India who learn to ;e~dand write eventually lapse into IllIteracy for lack of reading matter after their school years. Non-Christian Children Perhaps it is indicative of the in- difference to children's interests in The other class of children for I~dia that in the bookshops of the na- whom The Treasure Chest is intended hon the only books for children are are non-Christian children, and to readers' and school textbooks. When them the English eliition generally we remember the hUl1ger of all chil- makes ,a greater appeal than one in 941

their own language. For educated its young readers in such a way as to non-Christians throughout India Eng- produce character."

lish is the language of approach. Dr. Rabindranath Tagore, whose name MacNicol, of the National Christian from the beginning has been on our Council, says" It is especially in Eng- subsc.ription list, supplied to the pa- lish that the battle of ideas is being per an original poem called "Time."

and will be fought out in Indian re- The majority of schools in India, of ligion, " and he quotes the fact that every faith-Hindu, Moslem, Brahmore editions of the "Bhagavad- min, Samaj, Arya Samaj, Jain and Gita,'" the favorite religious book of Parsee-subscribe to the magazine, Hindus, are appearing in English and many of the members of the Im- perial Legislative Council at Delhi as than in the vernaculars. well as those of the Provincial Coun- Believing that everything good in cils take it for their families. India's heritage should be conserved and ennobled, and that Christian lit- A very interesting class of suberature should deepen the love that scribers is made up of the rulers of Indians feel for their own land, the Native States, a number of whose magazine has put its emphasis upon names appear on our SUbscription list. national literature and biography, One of the Maharanis of South India, and has shown its sympathy with the now acting as regent for the co-wife's son during his minority, who has been best of India's aspirations. It has en- making a very courageous fight deavored to present ideals of social against "untouchability" and against service saturated with the spirit of oppression of the low-caste people, is Christ, and to interpret the social, na- reported to be a most interested tional and international problems now reader of the magazine. The Queen confronting India from the Christian of Bhopal,' the only Moslem woman point of view. ruler in India, the first in India to abolish the drink evil in her State, The present struggle of old and and very progressive in educational new, the struggle of heart and brain matters, takes the magazine for her that the new ideas are producing, the three granddaughters, who are three restlessness and ferment of young In- as charming little princesses as can dia, call imperatively for Christian anywhere be found. The Maharajah literature of the right sort. Many in of another State was (lUe of the earliest subscribers to the magazine, whose spirits is deep disquietude and and the English tutor of his son wrote questioning are likely to be reached by the editor that the young Prince was the quiet message of the printed page. a constant reader of the magazine, and especially enjoyed the articles on The weakness of India's national life social service. When it is remembered openly deplored by so many of her that this boy will some day be the leaders makes it necessary to show that character is the basis of aU national greatness, and that in J eSUB Christ can be found, as in no one ruler of several million peopie, the else, the power to transform char- extent of the influence of this silent acter. messenger can be the more greatly The cordial reception given The appreciated.

Trea<Jure Chest by a number of non- The Boards of Examiners of three Christian magazines and newspapers, of the universities of South India, and their frequent use of articles most of whom are non-Christians, from its pages are evidence that it chose this year as one of the textbooks makes a wide appeal. One of the for the Matriculation Examination papers not long ago gave a very fa- "The Golden Company." This book, vorable review of the magazine, end- consisting of biographical sketches ing with the word, .. The Treasure from The Treasure Chest, has been Chest is bound to mould the minds of published by the Indian Branch of

WOMAN'S FOREIGN MISSION BULLETIN

the Oxford University Press, and to- a stamp on the outside requesting the day about 25,000 boys and girls in Post Office to deliver them to the several hundred high schools are Christian Church. Again quoting studying it. Mrs. MacGillivray, "We believe this will be done." In many places, grad- Christian literature in India is on uates of our mission schools are in the eve of a great opportunity, the charge of the post offices. greatness of which we have realized only in part. Wider ranges of view In December Mrs. MacGillivray are demanded in making the program wrote us that $5.00 would place the of the future, than were needed a Chinese Children's Bible-just off the decade ago. More thought and greater press-in twelve homes. An appeal liberality must be exercised towards to the Foreign Missions Conference literature. We cannot be sufficiently brought $50.00 for the purpose. On thankful that literature for children the day this money reached Shanghai, and young people in India is in Chris- in the midst of distress and confusion, tian hands. Only by a great output Mrs. MacGillivray addressed the 120 of energy can we keep this initial ad- Bibles and placed in each a little slip vantage, and also put Christian litera- saying that the Bible was a gift from ture far ahead of all possible compe- American friends to assure these tition from debasing sources. It is Chinese Christians of sympathy and for us to spend ourselves lavishly in friendliness in their time of trial. a program' of daring adventure. Later an order came from an in- RUTH E. RoBINSON, Editor. terior mission station for 100 or more India. copies of this book.

URGENT AND IMMEDIATE The Chinese Christians of the fu- ture may have to do without the per- These words represent the need in sonal help and inspiration of the mis- China. sionary and the spoken word, but a strong influence through the printed Many are thinking of China as page is still available, opening up a closed to our missionary approach, new path of development through and feel that we must wait for a fit- which we can be of service to the ting time to give her again the Chinese. greatest thing we know for her national and personal up-building, Are there a hundred women who namely, the Christian truths. will be glad to give five dollars each and put the Bible in twelve homes Y Today the printed page is carrying the message into many areas, from The LORD is good unto . …. . which missionaries have been with- the soul that seeketh him. Lam. drawn, and where the Chinese Church 3:25. is in need of a generous supply of the right kind of books and magazines. He who rushes into the pres- ence of God and hurriedly whis- The appeal comes from Mrs. Mac- pers a few petitions and rushes Gillivray, the editor of Happy Child- out again never, perhaps, sees hood, a magazine read in almost every God there at all. He can no province of China, by young and old, more get a vision than a disrich and poor, for us not to let this quieted lake can mirror the avenue of approach be given up. stars. We must stay long enough to become calm, for it is In this time of special need the only the peaceful soul in which magazine is being sent out, though in eternal things are reflected as in many cases no money may be received a placid water.-Arthur T. for' it. In the words of Mrs. Mac- Pi(Jll'son. Gillivray, "It is going, money or no money. We must venture and adventure in these days. Will you back us up T" The magazines are sent with

Answers to Missionary History Test (Questions on page 911.) 1. John Kenneth Mackenzie, the" Beloved Physician of Tientsin."

2. Alexander M. Mackay of Uganda. 3. Two Princeton students: Robert P. Wilder, son of Royal Gould Wilder, missionary to India and founder of THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD; and John Newton Forman, son of Charles N. Forman and grandson of John Newton, both distinguished pioneer missionaries to India. 4. Sheldon Jackson, Presbyterian missionary to Alaska. 5. J. Hudson Taylor, a medical and evangelistic missionary. 6. The Livingstonia Mission of Central Africa developed by Dr. Robert Laws and now under the United Free Church of Scotland. 7. Francis G. Penzotti, a native of Northern Italy. 8. The mission of the Church Missionary Society to Uganda. The first missionaries arrived on June 30, 1877. 9. The station of the Presbyterian Board of National Missions at Point Barrow, Alaska. 10. Kamil Abdul Messiah, who was led to Christ by Dr. H. H. Jessup, Beirut, Syria. 11. Pandita Ramabai, founder of the Christian home for child widows, at Bombay, India, and later removed to Kedgaon (about 100 miles from Bombay). 12. Miss Annie Royle Taylor, author of "Pioneering in Tibet." 13. Dr. and Mrs. Robert Whittaker McAll. 14. A famous English Baptist missionary and explorer in the Congo country in Africa. The Peace. 15. A famous British missionary doctor who ministers to the fisher folk of Newfoundland and the Labrador. The Strathcona. 16. Doctor John G. Kerr, an American Presbyterian missionary. 17. Doctor John G. Paton, Scotch Presbyterian missionary to the New Hebrides. 18. Joseph Hardy Neesima who was educated by the Hon. Alpheus Hardy and became President of Dozhisha University. 19. Mrs. Isabella Bird Bishop, author of books of travel on Persia, China, Japan and Korea. 20. An insur,rection in which a nephew of the king was badly wounded. He was so skillfully treated by Dr. Horace N. Allen that the superiority of western medical science was at once apparent.

Missionary Thoughts for the New Year A bold resolve to grapple with the whole of its task would signify a rebirth of the Church.

In recognizing and courageously accepting the whole of its task the church will discover anew the true meaning and riches of its own faith.

It cannot be expected that the faith of missionaries should soar far beyond the general level of the Church of which they are the representatives.

Only a church that has a passionate belief in its own principles and is thoroughly in earnest about their application, can hope to, evangelize the world.

: .. :"

Woman's Home Mission

EDITED BY FLORENCE E. QUINLAN, 105 EAST 22ND ST., NEW YORK ORIENTALS AND HAWAIIANS may be less adventitious and oppor- tunist and represent a scientifically By GEORGE W. HINMAN based and efficiently coordinated pro- One of the most important forward gram to cover the country. At pres- steps taken in years in the Christian ent there are areas of competitive program in Hawaii has been accom- work, areas of complete neglect and plished in uniting the Filipino work areas of unsupervised and misdirected of the Hawaiian Board of Missions effort. There are indications that and that of the Methodist Mission. volunteer workers who are carrying This if! not a mere federation of ac- on the large amount of mission work tivities but an actual uniting to carry for Chinese east of the Rockies would out a definite piece of work. Advance welcome suggestions about methods and development are reported even in and needs such as might come out .of work for Hawaiians, which many in- a true community study of segregated cline to regard as a closed chapter in Oriental groups in many Eastern missionary history. There bas been cities. Such a great volume of con- an encouraging start in church work seerated effort as is being put into in a new home colony of Hawaiians Chinese mission schools in the East on the sparsely-settled island of Molo- deserves the wisest guidanee and di- kai. For the first time last year a reetion by our boards even if they systematic effort was made to secure do not put a cent of appropriation in- contributions for missions fro m to such enterprises.

churches of Hawaiians and Orientals The work among Chinese in Can- in the Islands through the Every ada has been greatly strengthened by Member Canvass plan. the work of a general superintendent, The Hawaiian Board made a eom- born of missionary parents in Canton munity survey of typical interracial and speaking the language of the communities in its territory. One of special group of Chinese who have their secretaries says: "We are' be- come to America. The United Church coming aware of the increasing race- of Canada has transferred its Chinese consciousness of various people with missions in the home land from the whom we work and it will doubtless be Foreign Board to its Home Mission of great importance for us all to study Board, and has placed Rev. Wm. H.

the situation and analyze it without Noyes, of Toronto, in charge. Mr.

prejudice and with the highest type Noyes and Rev. Charles H. Shepherd, of scientific method of which we are of San Francisco, have done much to capable." Professor Romanzo Adams change the whole character of Chinese of the University of Hawaii has pub- mission work in the United States and lisbed very valuable studies of races Canada because they are able to give in Hawaii, which will help to supply time to development .of many scat- the basis for a better-planned Chris- tered and more or less independent tian program of service with Orientals Chinese misSions, and are also able to and Hawaiians. talk to the Chinese in their own Serious consideration should be dialect. .

given to the need for scientific surveys Nothing would mean more for of Oriental communities in mainland Chinese missioIiworkin the United United States as the Hawaiian Board States than the securing of a IlQ,U~ is attempting in the territory of sciousness of unity among Chinese Hawaii, so that Oriental mission work mission workers and Chinese Chris- 5 946

tians all over the United States. The limitations of economic oppor- Chinese tongs and other societies have tunity force Chinese in America into their national organizations and parasitic occupations, like running realize their strength. But there is disreputable hotels, mostly used as very little group consciousness among places to meet prostitutes, or chop Chinese Christians in America, even suey houses, which very often serve denominationally, with the result that the same purpose. It has been dis- the large number of units of Chinese covered that our religious work among mission work are pitifully conscious Chinese has had so little social power of their separate weakness. that a church deacon could run one of It is worth noting that city church the most notorious hotels and chop federations in places where there is suey restaurants in a large Chinese a considerable Chinese population are community. Why is it true that beginning to consider the problem of Chinese students are coming to their Chinese group as a whole, not America Christian and returning merely as denominational units (when without any faith ~ Partly because denominational missions have been es- many of them have to find employ- tablished), and are asking for counsel ment in places frequented by prosti- in meeting the whole situation. Sac- tutes who solicit them and take their ramento Church Federation, Chicago earnings. Ninety per cent of the Chi- Church Federation and Washington nese who come to one Chinese pastor Church Federation have given serious for medical help are diseased as a re- attention to Chinese work, either in sult of such' relations. It is hard to uniting existing missions or in supply realize that we have gone on for fifty of unmet needs, and have asked for years conducting missions for Chinese suggestion and advice. in America, without remedying the There has been very little study of intolerable social conditions of Chicommunity conditions among Orien- nese communities.

tals in the United States, though this Reports have come from Oakland ought to be a preliminary to any un- and San Francisco that determined derstanding of relations. efforts have been made to keep Chi- There are many reasons why special nese students out of higher public attention should be given now to schools, which, we are glad to say, Chinese in the United States: they principals and boards of education are all Cantonese and the Cantonese have steadily and strongly resisted. A are the dominant factor just at this contractor and builder in· the same moment in the struggle for a national section, to blackmail people from government in China; there is a re- whom he wanted financial help, put crudescence of prejudice against the up big sign boards advertising that Chinese; there is an increasing rec- fine residences in an exclusive district ognition of the social unsoundness of were being sold to Chinese.

Chinese community life in the United ll!foney made by Cbinese is being States, which our religious programs spent in their own communities in- have not considered or affected. Re- stead of being sent to China. Fine cently American·born Chinese made a new buildings are erected with Chi- strong appeal for relief from condi- nese funds. There are many more tions of the immigration law which social organizations.. One list gives make it impossible for them to seek one hundred and sixty-five community wives in China. If Chinese communi- organizations in San Francisco China- ties in America were normally con- town having their own headquarters, stituted, half male and half female, besides churches, llOspitals, public this would not be necessary. But in schools, theatres and newspaper of- New York and Chicago there is only fices, Large sums are paid to Chinese one Chinese woman of marriageable a('tors in theatres of the San Fran- age to fifteen or eighteen men. cisco Chinese community. The Ohi-

WOMAN'S HOME MISSION BULLETIN

nese in the United States are not poor press than do those who remain in and unable to support their own com- Japan. munity institutions. They have not been asked to do so in any effective It is evident that the migratory way by mission boards. seasonal Japanese laborer, living in rude shacks, is still largely unreached Mexicali is a remarkable example of by missionary agencies.. The effect of Interdenominational cooperation. The anti·Japanese legislation is to increa.<;e work was begun by Congregation- this class or else force Japanese into alists, developed by Presbyterians. and cities where often they must go into es.tablished by Methodists, with a parasitic occupations. in order to s.upthor{)ughly cordial spirit in all trans- port themseles. The employment fers of responsibility. The question problem is becoming serious since of union work in the San Francisco they have been shut out of farming Chinese community has been brought except as day laborers. to the attention of readers of the RE- VIEW. During the past year there has An exceedingly important work of been steady progress in development mission boards for Orientals is the of a union spirit among young people provision of homes for Chinese and in spite of some hindrances. The Japanese women and girls and for United Christian Missionary Society Chinese ooys, the latter a new depardecided to confine its Oriental mission ture by the Baptist board. The Methwork to Japanese and to sell its build- odists have important institutions in ing in San Francisco, which for more Honolulu, Seattle, San Francisco and than a year had been generously Los Angeles; the Presbyterians in granted to the use of the Chinese San Francisco and Oakland; the Bapy{)ung people's group for their lan- tists in Berkeley. In some cases the guage school and boys' and girls' club service of these institutions is changwork. It was. necessary to move the ing. work to new rented rooms, but the union work has gone on increasing in The Filipino work in Honolulu has interest and effectiveness, and now been mentioned. There is also an infour ooards are cooperating and have teresting work among three thousand appointed a specially trained Chinese Filipinos in New York City, as well principal of the school work. The en- as among those in California. If we thusiasm of the group for this coop- are to win and serve these large numerative enterprise is its biggest asset. bers of Filipinos in the United States, Among older Chinese there is still a it is pr{)per for administrators of misdivisive spirit. They are influenced sion boards to give sympathetic confurther by the fear that any union sideration to their aspirations for movement means cutting down appr{)- independence and to their passionate priation from boards. devotion to the memory of Rizal.

A prominent Japanese pastor, Rev. The second edition of the Oriental S. Abe, of Seattle, has given his im- Missions Directory" is an attempt pressions of some chief difficulties in to bring together names and adthe way of work for Japanese in dresses, without further statistical America. He mentions first, denomi- data, of all Christian institutions for national separation; second, the sup- Chinese, Japanese, Koreans, F'ilipinos posed identification of Christianity and Hindus in United States, Canada, with Americanism; third, the his- Cuba and Mexico. It has been pub- lished by the Councils and distributed toric prejudice against Christianity through mission ooards. brought from Japan; and fourth, the 'Obtain from Council of Women for Home fact that Japanese in America have less enlightenment and stimulus to Missions. 105 E. 22nd St., New Y<>rk City; 10 modern ideas through the public ~:~~~·t b~nD~~IH~~l:~~ o:n~o~':,".1~ ~~~~~ln~:sJ:~~ ary Information will be sent free for postage to anyone in the United States or Canada upon request.

World Day of Prayer, P'ebruary 24. 1928

fROM MANY

AFRIOA plored, much less civilized. Thousands Not Easy in the Nile Valley of square miles of territory have not been mapped and concerning the in- THE fourteenth annual report of habitants almost nothing is known. the Nile Valley Colportage Com- Needless to say the Gospel has never mittee quoted in Blessed Be Egypt, been preched in this great area. Many says of the qualifications of colpor- of the people are nominally Mohamteurs: "This work is, not easy. There medans. It is believed tliat this is one is not only a vast amount of illiteracy, of the largest if not the largest area so that very few of the hundreds can of like population in the world today read, and consequently have no use that is without a. single gospel witfor literature of any kind. There is ness. " also religious opposition on the part of most of the minorities that can Scriptures in Nigeria read. Of these, there is frequently as much opposition from the Coptic REV. J'OHN 'HALL, of the Sudan Christians as there is from the Mohammedans. A colporteur has, there- . Interior Mission, writes of the fore, to be not only a keen trader arrival at Kaltungo, Nigeria, of the among other traders, but he has also Gospel of Matthew printed in Tanto have much grace and spiritual in- gale: "This is the fifth book of Scripsight, as well as great patience, tact ture to be put into print in the speech and perseverance, to get his books of the tribe, which had to be caught looked at, at all. He has to have the from their lips, reduced to writing pleasant word that turns away wrath and made the vehicle of the message. and fanaticism, and to know very in- How does a reader, of the average timately the man n e r s and the type known here, act when a new book thoughts of the people, their sore like this comes his way 1 For one points and their weak ones, and how thing, he would sell nearly all he has best to induce them to buy." to have the wherewithall to buy it. He does buy it, not exactly at cost- covering price, yet with something AbYl8inian Frontiers more than a whole day's wage. His hands are out for it more quickly DR. TOM LAMBIE, formerly a mis- than you can take it out of its pack- sionary of the United Presbyte- age. Then all smiles, he fondles it rian' Church, and physician to the as a miser his gold. Presently, too, Regent of Abyssinia, and now field to protect and preserve the precious director for the new Abyssinian Fron- little volume, he begs from you a piece tiers Mission, writes of his new field: of stiff paper and, perhaps, a bit of ot"On the southern and eastern borders thread, with which he makes a per- Abyssinia and in Somaliland manent cover, Then, eagerly and (:French, British and Italian) and in faithfully, he seeks every possible op- northern Kenya, the southeastern Su- portunity to sit before you in a pew dan, there is one great continuous area or at desk and learn the golden teach- of country that has hardly been ex- ings of this book of God."

948 Stalwart Liberian Ohri.tians in the villages, and only by slow p1'oe- eRses of education can the necessary REV. WALTER B. WILLIAMS, of change of mind be brought about. Al- the Methodist Episcopal Church ready much is being done in this di- Mission in the Kru Coast District of rection by patients discharged cured Liberia, says that in the town of Sobo- from the leper colonies and settlebo there is "a splendid band of mature ments. They return to their own Christians, many of whom have suf- people with a wonderful message of fered great persecution in the past for hope, and the tendency to hide the their loyalty to Jesus Christ. They disease is being gradually overcome. have built up a fine Christian settlement where there is no drinking, no Whole Families at School smoking, no dancing nor Sabbath breaking. They will not allow anyone THE Congo Evangelical Training to pass through this town carrying a Institute at Kimpese was founded .load on his head on the Lord's Day. in 1908, when English and American These men at times have become liter- Baptist missionaries united for the ally saviours for their heathen breth- purpose of training teachers and evanren. When the flames of violence. are gelists from the areas covered by their at their height in a neighboring town, Congo-speaking work. From the comsome heathen woman is sure to run to mencement emphasis has been laid on the mission. town and beg these 'God the fact that the Institute received for men' to come quick and save the town training such as are actually engaged from slashing knives and flaming in and pledged to the work of educatorches. Our Christian men are big, tional evangelism, and this practical burly fellows, and quite without fear. aim has guided the entire work of the They grip hold of the contestants and institution. Wives as well as husrun them back to their houses; snatch bands are enrolled as students; that torches, knives, cutlasses from 'their in its turn brings many children to hands. The heathen chiefs curse and the mission station, and thus the struggle and fight, but to no avail. whole family becomes the unit in These Christian Krus of Sobobo save planning the training to be given. the heathen town again and again For the current year there are thirtyfrom bloodshed and destruction. five families in training at Kimpese, They force peace and quietness upon who live a natural community life the people, but without injuring any- Hharing a common weal and seeking a common good. The whole station asone. " sembles for public worship every morning. Leprosy Widesl>read in Africa. Rev. W. D. Reynolds writes: THE Secretary of the British Em- pire Leprosy Relief Association, All men students are required to under- Mr. Frank Oldrieve, has recently com- take manual work which comprises the fellpleted a tour of over 15,000 miles. in ing of trees and sawing the same into and around Africa, visiting leper set- planks, building in brick and stone, simple tlements. He reports that leprosy carpentry for house building and all houseexists practically all over the conti- hold purposes, and, to keep thell) in touch nent, and estimates that in British with common work, every student takes his East and Central African territories turu at digging, dearing, road work and there are at the present time some all the general upkeep of the station. 60,000 lepers. Mr. Oldrieve reports that the old idea of hopelessness still Missions in South African Ohurch dominates the native mind in innumerable instances, with the conse- FOR the first hundred and fifty quence that many victims of the years of its existence the Dutch disease fail to come up for treatment Reformed Church did very little misuntil too late. This is particularly so sionarv work. Like the Church in India "it was under the control of a company that had its first duty to the

white men in its employment. For Bible. Nor is the Bible lesson conthe last hundred years the church has fined to the schools, but the missionbeen missionary, and the sum of £80,- aries and Bible women visit in the 000 a year is raised locally in South homes, not in Tyre only, but in the Africa for the work of evangelizing neighboring villages as well. As a the inhabitants of South Africa. It rule, these visits are eagerly welcomed even extends its operation into the and sometimes the children have pre- Western Sudan. It has a definite pared the way. "I spent an hour in a policy, trains men and women mis- sailor '8 home at Tyre," writes the sionaries and educates native workers senior missionary. "It was evening, as pastors, teachers and evangelists. and the lamp was brought in. The The native churches cannot do much little daughter of seven, who has to contribute in their present condi- learned to read with us, read aloud tion of poverty to self-support. The clearly and accurately the tenth chaprecord of the Church during recent ter of St. John, and when I asked her years in dealing with the racial prob- who the Good Shepherd was, she lem proves that Dutch Christians are promptly answered: 'Christ.' ,And anxious that justice should be done to the natives. who are the sheep?' ' We,' she replied, pointing to herself. It is a Moslem THE NEAR. EAST home, but Christ is becoming known and loved there. The hymn book was Urges Work for MosleDlfl brought out, and we sang together. The little daughter was the first mes- T HIS statement by a pastor in Syria senger to that home." shows that some Christians in the Near East are obeying the command A Reading Rooln in Constantinople of Christ, "Love your enemies." He says: "The Gospel and the loving AMONG the newer types of service tidings of Jesus Christ must be being initiated by American mispreached to all nations. This is just sionaries in Turkey is that of providthe time to begin gospel preaching ing interesting and worth-while readamong the Moslems. The activity of ing matter through the mission press, missionaries is indispensable. Steel is the bookstore, and a reading room in warmed in the fire and is ready to be Constantinople. The Turkish manbe made into tools.. We should go ager of this last is, according to the near to them with a pure, Christlike Missiona;ry Herald, an interesting l:fe. The general attitude of the man, nominally a Moslem, who has a Christian churches in the Near East spirit of service and cooperation, and should be the attitude of Christ, that who prepares the ground for friendly of forgiveness, sympathy, love, prayer intercourse on the part of Americans and brotherhood. Every Christian with the people who frequent the readchurch that is conscious of her calling ing room. He writes: cannot stand aloof from this task but will be ready to cooperate and work This year we have succeeded in getting with prayer. I would like to have many new friends, who come daily to read some Turkish Bibles and pamphlets the various books and papers we are putting for distribution among Moslems." at their disposal. So the worth of the place is felt by the people on all sides. Not only A Mosleln Child'. Influence schoolboys but men of the IIrst rank in the city-judges, professors, doctors, engineers, THE British Syrian Mission has etc., come and read the books and papers, been at work since 1869 among the talk with us, and in terms of respect tell us Moslems and Greek Catholics in the how they regard this service with delight ancient city of Tyre. In the school, and pleasure. Our friends who come most which is largely in the hands of Chris- frequently are the students in the boys' tian Syrians trained in Beirut, first school. The reading room now is provided place is given to the teaching of the with eight Turkish daily newspapers, to· gether with some French dailies published in Oonstantinople, twenty-live Turkish weekly and monthly periodicals, and a·few English publications.

NEWS FROM MANY, LANDS

A Bethesda Scelle In Arabia quickly they notice the mighty dif- PAUL HARRISON, M.D., of the ference between the power of the liv- Arabian Mission of the Reformed ing God in Christianity and Islam!" Church in America, described in the November REVIEW one of his recent INDIA AND SIAM trips. How his work impresses a fel- Women Student. Win HonoN I low medical missionary is thus told by SABELLA THOBURN COLLEGE, Dr. Sarah L. Hosmon: in Lucknow, India, is not only one We were privileged to have Dr. Harrison of the Union Women's Christian Colspend a month at Muscat, though most of leges in the Orient, but is also the his time was really given to Mattra, where women's department of Lucknow he had a large house, empty as to furnishings except one little room in which he University. A member of the faculty operated, and that contained only a table writes: "We have won several aca- and a chair or two. On the shelves were demic honors this year, of which we a few drugs and some supplies. In a hall are quite proud. For the second time adjoining he had a "primus" stove, an oven we won the university gold medal for for sterilizing, some basins and instruments. the best essay presented in the final These were all, but I never saw such a sight in my life I The whole building was filled English examination, about one hunwith men and women everywhere lying on dred men and our ten or fifteen floors and verandahs, some were even outside at the front of the house. It reminded me women competing. One of last year's of the porches of Bethesda in Christ's time, class is studying for the M.A. in only there was no pool near by. The dif- English and she received the scholarference in the two crowds was that at Bethesda IIlI were anxious fearing there ship offered in the English depart- ment of the university to the student would be no one to put them in the pool, but the crowd at Mattra had received relief making the best marks in the first and showed contentment in spite of the faet term examination. We had never they had nO beds nor any of the comforts done anything in the way of public that are really necessary. Drs. Harrison and Dame are wonders in the way they can competition with men's colleges, but accomplish so much with nothing. this year we accepted an invitation to send two representatives to an inter- Life in a Kurdistan Hospital university debate organized by the I N SOUJBULAK, Kurdistan, where Moslem University in Aligarh. The the Evangelical J~utheran Orient question is not decided by judges here Mission Society has a hospital, Dr. as at home, but the judges indicate Herman Schalk is having some un- who makes the best speech-first, usual opportunities to compare Chris- second and third places. The univertianity and Islam. He writes of the sity had offered gold medals to the (',allousness of Mohammedan men to winners of first and second places and one silver trophy which goes annually the sufferings of their women folk, to the college gaining the highest agand their unwillingness to pay even a gregate marks. One of our girls won nominal fee charged for a necessary the first place, the other won second operation, and comments: "Of what and their aggregate marks won the value is a wife T If she dies, which trophy." seems right to the man, then he can obtain a young healthy wife ror 15 tomans. Oh, the sad lot or Moham- Shut Out from Hindu Temples O medan wives!" The hospital has NE of the movements which, in the opinion of Dnyanodaya,· is treated suceessruUy a number of opium addicts, and or them Dr. threatening the Hinduism of Western Schalk writes: "The happy men tell India, is the widespread angry pro- far and wide that they have been test of the Mahars and other so-called healed. This attracts others. How outcast classes against the preten- the poor invalids open up and tell me sions of a Hindu nationalism that can of their bondage! And when our exclude fifty-five millions of India's testimony' presents the Gospel, how 'untouchables' from the temples of

religion. Even Vithoba '8 temples are among the people. It was a joy to coming in for their share of this grow- find many women who could read. ing wrath of the common people. For The Punjabi women, especially, were although Vithoba is one of the most very friendly and many were the democratic of Hindu idols in that opportunities for conversation. I he receives all castes, high caste and was very happy to find many, many low caste alike, one has yet to learn men and women who knew the name of the first outcaste being admitted of Christ. There was some oppointo even Vithoba's temples. In a sition, mostly from the Aryas (a reletter addressed by Gandhi to Mr. S. formed sect of Hindus) but even D. Nakarni at Karwar, where an here there was room for encourageagitation has been going on for the ment. They feared the effect of past three months in favor of securing people reading the Bible. Sometimes admission for the depressed classes they would say to the women, 'Do you into Vithoba's temple at Karwar, he want to become Christians? If you says: "God will reenter our tem- don't, you should not read that book.' ples only when we have opened not Daily there was preaching at our merely our temples but our hearts to headquarters, which were splendidly these fellow-countrymen and fellow- located to get the people. The religionists. " preaching was all done by Indians, and good messages were given." General Bo';th's Leper Colony A Christian Temple in Slam A CABLEGRAM from London to SI.AMESE Christians have great re- n- the New York Times stated that a spect for their place of worship. So reports Rev. J. L. Hartzell, of Salvation Army leper settlement, Prae, Siam, who writes.: "The words nanced with American gifts to Gen- 'This Temple was built in 1927,' eral Booth, will be established on the are written on a board and nailed on a banks of the Ganges near Benares. small wooden building in a country The suggestion that the army should village in Prae Province, North Siam. establish leper colonies in India was Since returning from furlough in made to General Booth by King May, I have been hearing about the George. Writing from India the Gen- Christian community in this district. eral says: "The King, whom I saw The chapel is a rough wooden buildbefore I set out on my tour of India in ing without walls that would hold 1922, said: 'Can't you do something about thirty people. It is what would for the lepers of India such as you be called a shack in the United States, have been doing in the Dutch East but these Christian people have dig- Indies T' I am now beginning on thl' nified it with the name of Temple. banks of the Ganges. The expense of And it is so to them because they the initiation of the settlement will meet there to worship the Lord Jesus come from a portion of my seventieth and they have built it themselves birthday fund raised by my friends in without any outside aid whatever. To the United States. The greater part the missionary this humble building of the land necessary has been given looks better than many of the fine by the Maharajah of Benares. " churches built in Siam out of Ameri- can money." Arya. Fear Elrect of Bible Bible Read in Ceylon A RELIGIOUS festivale or meZa, at Hardwar in the Punjab which oc- O WING to the widespread knowlcurs only once in twelve years gave edge of English in Ceylon Miss Clara Lloyd, Presbyterian mis- workers of the Ceylon and India sionary at Saharanpur and her Indian General Mission have been able to dishelpers unusual opportunities for tribute thousands of English tracts, evangelistic work. She says: "We sold books and did personal work

1927J NE'W:S FROM MANY LANDS

Scripture text-cards and gospels, and first consideration centered on the minimum supply their native workers with wage and the principles for determining much helpful Christian literature wages, on hours of work and rest, child which is not availabie in the vernac- labor and women '8 labor. The rights of the ular. They also conduct an English worker were streaaed as it was clear that the day school and a night schooL The conference stood for these. But it realized latter is regularly attended by seven- that a sudden jump to ideal {londitions, teen Buddhist young men, who are such as an eight·hour day, would dislocate now reading the Gospel by St. John. industry and make more evils than it cured. In addition to this, various services The findings therefore claim the rights of are regularly held in English. Of one the worker while advising a gradual progress part of their work Mr. Ker writes: towards their full expression in industrial "One colporteur came to a village law and custom. where the headman angrily forbade him to sell. The colporteur, however, Chinese Home Mia,oionary Work was tactful enough to engage the headman in conversation about the GospeL DR. C. Y. CHENG, General Secre- So interested did the latter become tary of the National Christian that he finally bought several gos,pels Council of China, writes as follows of for himself and promised to read the loyalty and steadfastness of purthem. On it later day when the col- pose of the Chines.e Christians: " You porteur went that way again, the will be happy to know that, at a time headman himself went with him and when missionaries have evacuated helped him to sell the gospels." from their posts and much of the work of the Church has come to a CHINA AND TIBET standstill, the Chinese Home Mission- ary Society is planning to send out a A Christian EC(Jnomic Oonference new band of missionaries to Yunnan province. The seeretary of the So- FIFTY men and women, almost all ciety, Rev. C. K. Li, is going to ac- of them Chinese, and all actively company four or five new missionconnected with varied aspects of Chi- aries in starting for Yunnan this fall nese indnstrial problems, spent ten of after visiting such centers as Foochow:, the last days of August in conference Amoy, Swatow, Canton and Hongin Shanghai considering the general kong, visiting the churches and meettopic of how to Christianize economic ing church leaders in these centers in relations in their country. The the hope of rousing a greater measure conference was. preceded by investiga- of zeal for this missionarv outreach. tions of industrial and rural condi- We hope to have two medical workers, tions and their relationship to two teachers and one evangelistic principles recognized as Christian. worker among those who go to the Coming as it did at a time when China field. It is very gratifying to know is seething with economic ideas both that these people have decided to serve good and bad, and when international Christ and their fellow-men in that experiments in adjustment of econom- distant place, well-knowing that p<llitic conditions are being tried out, the ical upheaval and open banditry are conference had more than ordinary awaiting their coming. It is very insignificance. One of the most helpful spiring to read the letters these people visitors at the conference was Ka- wrote to us offering their services for gawa, the noted Christian leader of the evangelization of the Southwest." social and economic reforms in Japan. In rep<lrting some of the considera- Ohlnese Debt to Mission Schools tions and results of the conference Dr. Henry T. Hodgkin, secretary of the REV. E. N. FORSTER, of the Prot- National Christian Council writes: estant Episcopal Mission in Yang- chow, Kiangsu Province, writes of Three main divisions were followed, in· the government regulations regarddustry, agriculture, social thinking. Iu the ing religious instruction and services as "a deliberate thrust at the Chris-

tian schools." He continues: "They preached for three nights in Osaka to have no applicability to schools con- audiences which averaged three thou- ducted by Buddhists, Mohammedans, sand. Most of the Imperial household or Taoists, which do not exist so far is now Christian. There are 180 as I know. A great many of the Chi- Christians in the social service depart- nese who have studied abroad have ment of the Tokyo imperial govern- directly or indirectly benefited by mis- ment. The newspapers have become sion school education, so that they are as friendly to Christianity as to Bud- not pure products of their own civil- dhism. I am optimistic over the fu- ization, culture, and training, as many ture of true Christianity in Japan."

people in Europe and America who are fascinated by their brilliant intel- Won by Newspaper Evangelism lects and suave manners are fond of REV. HARVEY W. BROKAW, believing. Many of these young men D.D. and his wife have been misand women, though they claim that sionaries in Japan since 1896. Mrs. Christianity has no power in the West, Brokaw writes of two callers at their nevertheless know in their hearts that home in Kyoto one recent Sunday the thing which has given Christian afternoon-" a young man and womschools in China their preeminence is an, both school teachers but from diftheir Christian character: the integ- ferent places, both thirty to forty rity of those who have administered them, and the integrity of character miles out in the mountainous country districts of this prefecture. There is which they tend to develop in the stu- no church near either one of them. dents. There is a large group of sub- They had become Christians through stantial Chinese, merchants, gentry, newspaper and correspondence evanetc., who have no hesitation about ad- gelism. This is what Dr. Brokaw calls mitting this, and are anxious to send his specialty. But I think his real their sons and daughters to Christian specialty is getting land and church schools in preference to government buildings and manses, and pushing schools because the latter in many churches up to self-support. He says cases produce slipshod education, that is the most fundamental thing a morals, and character in the students missionary can do. Through this who attend them." newspaper evangelism, with its course JAPAN-KOREA of study leading up to baptism, these two fine young people had become Kagawa on Christianity in Japan Christ.ians and wished to be bap- AN INTERVIEW with Rev. Toyo- tized. " hiko Kagawa, Japan's foremost social reformer, has been reported in Building· a Japanese C.hurch T the Christian Century. When asked HE efforts that Japanese Chris- tians are making to build churches the Question, "What progress is Christianity making in Japan?" he made in their communities. are praised by the following reply: "Not a great Rev. Charles W. Iglehart, Metho- number of people are entering thc dist missionary in Hirosaki, who churches, but never before has the says: "There is a little town called spirit of Jesus been so widespread and Tanabu with .iust a handful of mem- powerful as it is now. The successive bers, who decided a year ago to have a misfortunes which have befallen church, and who came to me with the Japan have made her introspective request that I find a yen for every and humble. Weare dissatisfied with one they could raise. I never thought the philosophy of materialism and are they would get enough to build a turning to more spiritual bases of liv- church, but when they got through, ing. The writings of Emerson, Tho- more than two hundred non-Chris- reau, Tolstoi, Whitman and Dumas tians wert) signed up for the new are being widely read. I recently Methodist church! I dedicated the

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

trim, pretty little building, when they Our leper congregation is a really good going Christian concern. Two read the financial report I learned Sabbaths ago I had the happy privithat they had actually raised double lege of admitting by baptism fortytheir quota-two yen for everyone four lepers to the membership after they had asked me for-and said about a year's probation as catechunothing about it to me. At that serv- mens. and a searching examination ice men from most of the best homes in essential points of Christian docin town were there to show their trine. Some of our discharged lepers, moral support of the Christian move- finding it impossible to get any other ment. I looked into their faces, won- place to live in, set up a village of dering which might prove to be an- their own about half a mile from the other Nicodemus, or Joseph of home, and one of the first things they Arimathea. "

did was to set about building a 'New Power for Korean Leaders church."

REV. W. SCOTT of the United ISLANDS OF THE SEA Church of Canada writes; "Un- Pioneering in Papua. til a few years ago all mission funds were administered by the missionary THOUGH the achievements in in charge without any reference to twenty-five years of Australian the autonomous Korean presbyteries. Methodist missionaries among the Then followed a period when the mis- people of the New Britain archipelago sionary sought the advice of the pres" were referred to in the October REbytery and its committees. Last year VIEW, Rev. J. H. Margetts of the same we took the further step of transfer- mission writes of "half-wild nomads ring all evangelistic funds direct to coming in from their mountain fastthe presbytery, to be administered by nesses. " A layman who is in charge that body, the missionary sitting in of the work on another island writes: the presbytery-as he does-.:.-on the " A number of new teachers from Mal- same basis as his fellow Korean pres- akuna and Raluana Circuits enabled byters. This year we have decided to 11S to open up the Kaiamo section with invite the presbyteries to cooperate three teachers, two of whom we with us in a general board which shall placed inland. As this section was deal with all matters relating to evan- practically unknown by the white man gelistic and educational work carried or any outside natives, we had to exon directly with mission funds. The plore 'for these inland villages. having duties of this general board will finally only vague details to go on. We have be decided in conference with the been pleased to discover twenty-five presbytery representatives, but we villages, one of over 300 population feel that it should prepare estimates and several of about 100 each….. for presentation to the home board. Many heathenish customs have been and "decide upon the distribution of discovered among these people, some all funds granted by the latter for of the worst known on the Gazelle general work purposes. The board Peninsula fifty years ago still existing will be composed of an equal number in the inland villages of Nakanai toof Koreans and missionaries." day."

Christian Zeal of Lepera Filipinos Great Bible Readers T HOUGH the leper home in Fusan, BEFORE ·the American flag flew Korea, has cared for five hundred over the Pilippine Islands, the lepers during the past year, the super- only way to get a Bible in, as one intendent, J. N. Mackenzie, an Aus- writer points out, was to smuggle it. tralian, reports; " We have never had The latest figures, however, compiled to turn away so many pitiful and by the PhiliPllines Branch of the helpless cases in any previous year … American Bible Society show that

there are more than 2,000,000 Bibles as one of the greatest steps made in in use throughout the archipelago. recent years toward unity between The Bible holds a 'unique place in the the two groups. The conference life of the Filipino people. Millions was part of the bi-centennial celebraof Filipinos seldom read any other tion of the founding of Log College, book and many of them believe the the original Presbyterian educational Bible is the only real book in the institution in the United States. Its universe. The annual distribution purpose was not the discussion of of the Bible in the Islands is greater church unity, but the singleness of than the' combined circulation of all purpose and cordiality of feeling newspapers, exceeding 125,000 copies which prevailed led the churchmen to annually. No other hook has attained remark that an excellent basis had a circulation in excess of 1,000 a year. been provided upon which to press More than one third ()f these Bibles for complete union. The meeting was are in English, the others being in the first of its kind held since the various native dialects. Most of them separation at the time of the Civil have been printed in Manila since the War. earthquake in Japan destroyed the plates, and the work constitutes the Missionary Furlough Cottages first publishing done in the Islands. SOME years ago a Pennsylvania NORTH AMERICA medical missionary society es- tablished some cottages at Ventnor, Aim. of Men's Church League N. J., near Atlantic City, for the US;) of missionaries, on furlough. The A CAMPAIGN to pledge 1,000,000 work was first undertaken thirty- laymen who are members of Prot- seven. years ago as an aid to medical estant churches of all faiths in the missionary students. In 1909 a cot- United States and Canada, each of tage was, bought for the use of mediwhom will promise to try to win to cal misRionaries returned on furlough the Christian life at least one other with no home in view. Other cottages layman every year "until the whole have since been added until now there world is evangelized," was launched are five. The missionaries are allowed in New York City September 15th by to use these for a month at a time in the Men's Church League at a session the summer free of rent or during the called to reorganize that body. The school period each winter. The chairoriginal organization was formed in man of the cottage work is Mrs. John 1924. A budget of $20,000 was W. Patten, 26 Pine Street, Philaadopted, of which $5,000 to $6,000 had delphia, Pa. The charge for upkeep already been pledged. Frank H. llilb- is twelve dollars a month per cottage. son, a New York business man, whose Their expenses are paid from volunhome is in Elizabeth, N. J., was elected tary contributions. Each of these cot- President. He is an elder in the West- tages is fully equipped and they are minster Presbyterian Church, Eliza- greatly enj()yed by the occupants. beth, where he has for a long time been practicing the "win-one-a-year" doc- Y. M. C. A. Foreign Work trine. Dr. J. Campbell White, Vice President of the Biblical Seminary, T HE wide interests of the Young was elected General Secretary. If he Men '8 Christian Associations of accepts he will resign the latter office. the United States were presented to the members of the National Council, Step Toward Presbyterian Unity at the fourth annual meeting held in Chicago October 24th to 28th. The A CONFERENCE, between educa- Foreign Division reported briefly: Continuance of work in China has . tional leaders of the Northern been difficult because of radical and and Southern branches of the Pres- anti-Christian attacks, while the Asbyterian Church held in Philadelphia on October 5th, was hailed by officials

sociation exists nationally as a prin- that though the authorized strength cipal stabilizing force; the.rapanese of the corps is 149, only eighty-four Association is heroically meeting earth- chaplains are at present in the service. quake rehabilitation and economic Only a few of the men come to church crisis problems; the Philippine Asso- on board ship because they desire to ciation has expanded beyond Manila to worship. Others come out of personal the provinces; a national Association loyalty to the chaplain or to hear a movement is coming in Egypt; in good sermon. 'L'he chaplain therefore, India the Association is increasingly limited as he is by the resources of commanding young men'8 confidence shipboard, must be an exceptionally religiously; the leaders of the move- good preacher or an exceptionally ment in South America are over- good friend, or both, in order to win whelmed with demands for extension the initial interest of men to the into new countries, while in Europe Gospel. Last year, statistics show, the Y. M; C. A. is spreading good 5610 divine services, were held by will. chaplains in the Navy, and 35,660 men at some time received communion; Radio Missionary in Alaska there were 22,000 attendants at Sun- day school, and 24,000 at Bible classes; THE farthest north broadcasting yet the total number of men from the station in America is at Anchor- Navy joining any church during the age, Alaska, and the generosity of a year was only 189. It is suggested group of people in the community has that in this year, when evangelism and made possible the broadcasting every evangelistic campaigns are being Sunday of the evening service at the urged by several denominations, Presbyterian Church. The pastor American Christians may well pray writes: "We consider our broadcast- for the Navy chaplains and the men ing program our main missionary to whom they minister. movement, the most effective thing within our power in this our great Negro Young People Teaching new day of development in 'the last frontier'-Alaska. Word has come BETWEEN four and five thousand from many places in Alaska, and far pupils of Negro Presbyterian beyond, that all of the programs schools in the South served voluntabroadcast by the station are heard rily last summer in teaching and orperfectly and are very much enjoyed. ganizing Sunday schools. Growth both I have met a number of people from in number and in quality of Sundaydifferent places in the territory who schools has been one of the most enhave remarked, 'We listen to your couraging developments in the colored church service every Sunday night, work of the Presbyterian Church durand we usually have our house full ing the past few years. "In North of friends listening with us.' They re- Carolina, " writes Rev. Frank C. port from many distant places, in- Shirley, Sunday-school missionary, cluding Hl1dsons Bay Company sta- "the next few years will show an untions along the Arctic coast ani! em- precedented growth of our schools in ployees in government and territorial Sunday-school e:ffi:ciency. The ~chool educational centers where no regular of methods conducted each summer religious services are provided." has given the people of the local churches a vision of the possibilities Ihriritual Need in the Navy of the local church parish. Calls are coming even now for the setting up of SPECIAL prayer has been asked by the' Presbyterian program for young a Home Mission Board secretary people,' and advice is being sought by for the men of the U. S. Navy and for those planning to build on how best the chaplains in the service. Recent to house the Sunday-school. Other communications from the captain of churches are asking for children's the chaplain corps of the Navy show

divisioM that will have the,ir own support of the church are actually worship services and a special place to themselves in need. This situation meet. This year has broken all pre- arises from the fact that Cuba is a vious records in daily vacation Bible country of one crop, sugar, and today schools. 'Five years ago we had to go the price is below the cost of produc- into the schools and virtually beg a tion. In Cuba at present it takes chance to do this or that; today they three pounds of sugar to buy one are begging us to come." pound of potatoes. Notwithstanding this discouraging economic situation, To Evangelize Navajo Indians the churches in Cuba are more and THE new program of evangelization more showing a truly evangelistic of the Navajoes which "finds its center in the Presbyterian Mission, spirit and are striving, so far as they Ganado, Arizona, contemplates the establishment of five new outstations. are able, to keep their work develop- In the district surrounding these ing. Fkequent services of prayer stations are one hundred trading among his people during the past stores to which the Indians go for summer have, Mr. Fuentes reports, supplies. It is the plan to bring the resulted in excellent church attendgospel message to the constituency of ance, despite the frequent rains which each of these stores once a year and usually detract from summer attendthus it is hoped in five years to evan- ance; and the Sunday-school which gelize the whole tribe of 30,000 Nava- during the best season of the year is rarely two hundred, reached that record for several successive Sundays.

joes. " Scores of Indian young people," says Rev. F. G. Mitchell, who Colombia's So-Called Prophet M directs this work, "come back from ISS MARGARET DOOLITTL,E, Presbyterian missionary at Carthe different non-reservation schools with eighth grade and high school tagena, Colombia, tells of a recent training to be re-submerged in heath- visit to a little village which had enism. The atmosphere into which sprung up only the year before, bethey return should be modified by the cause of an unknown man who mysestablishment of these community cen- teriously appeared and who was ters where they may keep in touch called "The Prophet." He bathed with the civilizing influences out of in a little stream in this remote rewhich they have come. They need a gion, and the people styled the water place to bathe and launder their miraculous, and believed that all who clothes have their hair cut and see a came to bathe in its waters would be magazine occasionally, use the sewing cured of their infirmities. Because of machine and other facilities which the superstiti{)ns of the people, its cannot be given them in their homes. " fame increased until, from a radius For this Navajo work the Presbyte- of many miles, came men and women rian Board of National Missions is suffering from all the ills of mankind. planning to devote $50,000 of the fund Houses were built rapidly, and the to be raised this year by the Presby- little village thus formed was called terian Church in honor of the 125th Santa Ines. A roof of grass covers anniversary of National Missions. the Roman Catholic altar, and there is a charge of twenty cents for every LATIN AMERICA candle lit and for" Our Father" said Faithful Oaban Christlans before the altar. " We parked our T HE -economic situation of the car near the stream, and in view of people of Cuba is, very pressing the altar, and there we had our right now, says the Rev. J. A. Fuentes, service, " writes Miss Doolittle.

pastor of the Presbyterian Church at "Many of these people are hungering Cabaiguan, Cuba. People who were for the bread of life; and oh, how formerly good contributors to the they enjoyed the simple preaching!

NEWiS FR.OM MANY LANDS

As one man listened, the tears ran off his debt. The administrator was greatly down his face, but his eyes shone as he surprised at such an unheard-of thing, and heard the good news." of course was delighted. Then Roman told him the thing which had made him return, Cuban Peddlers Gives Gospels of how .JeSUB Christ had come into his heart and had made him want to do the right P ELLON, formerly a soldier, but til ing. Upon being asked for permission to now a peddler of tinware in the hold services on the plantation, the adminis· city of Santa Clara, Cuba, is witness- b'ator readily granted it. ing for Christ in a unique way. It is the custom in Cuba for the mer- Peruvian Bible Students chant to give some trivial article to each customer who makes a purchase. ABIBLE Convention, held for four This is called the contra. Pelion has days in Lima, Peru, is thus deconsecrated this old custom to a mis- scribed by John R,itchie: "Several sionary purpose. When the woman native and foreign preachers and laywho has just bought a pan demands men took part in the varied program. her contra he gravely hands her a The 7 A. M. prayer meeting was held small gospel. If she protests that daily. The morning session was deshe has no use for that, he will voted to a series of Bible studies. earnestly say: "But you do not know Senor Aldama gave a course on 'Bible the value of it! This is the most Teaching Perverted by Romanism,' precious thing in the world." Down the writer, a course on 'The Gift of upon her doorstep he will sit, to show God: Eternal Life.' The afternoon her the exceeding great value of his sessions were given to methods of contra. So is the Gospel preached Christian work and problems of from house to house as PelIon sells Christian life, such as 'The Christian his wares to the housewives of Santa Conception of Woman and her place Clara. When Pelion was asked to in the Home, the Church, and Sopose for a picture with his little cart ciety' (a matter on which both sexes and donkey, he would not be content need education in our native con~re· unless he might have his hands filled gations), and 'Our Relations with with his tracts and gospels, for, said and Attitude towards the Anticlerical he, "This is my real business." Forces in the Country.' The evening meetings were mainly evangelistic. A GuateDlalan Onesimus On the next to the last evening eleven persons were baptized on confession ROMAN MACU, a new Guatemalan of faith in Christ. The closing Res- worker, is called "a modern sion was a call to personal effective Onesimus" by W. C. Townsend of consecration. " Panajachel, who thus tells his story: One of Venezuela's ProbleDls When he was converted he was a runaway , 'peon. ' , He owed money on two planta- A MISSIONARY in Venezuela reo tions and had run away from each. When ports the following conversation Christ came into his heart he couldn't with his Spanish teacher, who is also stand the thought of being a fugitive from a pastor: "He asked me, 'How do justice for fraud. He returned to the last you address a woman in your Sundayplantation from which he had escaped, and school classes in the States who is an gave himself up. When the debt had been unmarried mother ~ Is she milled paid he told his boss he was going to quit. "Miss" or "Mrs."?' When I told The man told him he was too valuable a him that we probably never have to workman to be spared. He even offered face such a problem, he could scarcely him a better job, but Roman refused it, understand it. At the Session meetsaying he would have to go and pay ing the· other evening three of the off another debt. Leaving his wife, he candidates for membership were journeyed to the other plantation. When young mothers of this type who, behe presented himself the administrator did cause of hearing the Gospel, have left not remember him, it had been so long the men with whom they were living. since he had run away. Roman told him that he was sorry for what he had done and said that he had come back to work

For a woman to set out by herself to give practical assistance to students in earn ,a living for her children is not need in any part of the world, irrean easy task in this country. But it spective of race, color, creed or nationcan be done if the Holy Spirit is pres- ality. Through its initiative a great ent in the heart. " many self-help activities have been promoted, such as clubs, hotels, refec- GENERAL tories and employment bureaus. Its annual conference held this year in World'. Week of Prayer Switzerland, brought together 150 students representing thirty-three na- T HE first seven days of 1928 will tionalities. be observed in more than fifty countries as a week of prayer. Since COMING EVENTS 1846 the World's Evangelical Alliance has sent out each year from its ON DECEMBER 2ND, in New York City, headquarters in London a call to the Trustees of the Near East Colleges wil'l united prayer by followers of Christ give a dinner at which President Augell, in every land. This year the Federal Dean Gildersleeve of Barnard, and Rev. Council of the Churches of Christ in Harry EmerB<ln Fosdick, D.D., will be among America has joined in the call, stat- the speakers. ing, "The supreme need of the hour is for a personal experience in the ON DECI!1MBER 4TH, Universal Bible Sunthings of, God. ' , The daily topics day will be observed as the 118th anniversuggested are: Monday, Thanksgiv- sary of the founding of the New York Bible ing and Humiliation; Tuesday, The Sunday. Universal Church; Wednesday, Nations and Governments; Thursday, ON DEcEMBER. 4TH Golden Rule Sunday Missions; Friday, Families, Schools will be observed by "frngal dinners" and and Universities; Saturday, Home contributions in the interest of the Near Missions and the Jews. For sermons and addresses on the opening Sunday, East Relief. .January ] st, the following texts are DEOEMBER 11TH-12TH the Lord's Day Alliproposed: ance of the United States will celebrate its "Incline your ear, and come uuto me: thirty-ninth anniversary. hear, and your soul shall Jive" (Isaiah 55. 3). "Let not your heart be troubled: ye DECEMBER 14~'H-18TH the Interdenomibelieve in God, believe also in Me" (John national Council on Spanish-Speaking Work 14: 1). "Ye are My friends, if ye do whatsoever I command you" (John 15: will meet in San Antonio Texas. 14). ".Ve preach not ourselves, but Christ ON DEOEMBER 27TH-28TH there will be Jesus the Lord" (2 Cor. 4: 5). held in Detroit, Michigan, a National Con· International Student Service ference of Theological Stndents. The theme will be "Fellowship Among the Churches." THOSE who remember the early It is promoted by the National Council of days of the World's Student Chris- the Y. M. C. A. tian Federation which was founded in 1895 with the motto, "Ut Omnes DECEMBER 28TH-JANUARY 2ND the Student Unum Sint," may not realize that the Volunteer Movement for Foreign Missions executive committee of the Federation will hold its tenth quadrennial convention in now has an American president; Irish and Indian vice-presidents; a Dutch Detroit. treasurer; Swiss, French, New Zea~ JANUARY 1 TO 7, 1928 will be observed a. land and American Secretaries; and Chinese,. South African, French, New the Universal Week of Prayer. Programs Zealand and American committee may be secured from the Federal Council of members. An important instrument of Chnrches, 281 Fourth Ave" New York. the Federation is the International Student Service, which is a sort of JANUARY 6-10, 1928 the Federation of "work-fellowship," a body ready to Woman's Boards of Foreign Missions will meet in Atlantic City, N. J.

JANUARY 10-13, 1928 the Foreign Missions Conference will hold its annual meeting in Atlantic City, N. J_ JANUARY 15-19, ]928 the Third Conference on the Cause and enre of War will be held in Washington, D. C.

JANUARY 20-22, 1928 a conference on "Comity and Cooperation" wit! be held in Cleveland, Ohio, under the auspices of the Home Missions Council, the Council of Women for Home Missions and the Federal Council of Churches"

JANUARY 28-30, 1928 will be observed ..

"Child Labor Day" for the twenty.first time. Posters and leaflets may be secnred from the National Child Labor Committee, 215 Fourth Ave., New York.

MISSIONARY

Any books mentioned in these Ilolumns will be forwarded by us on receipt of price- THE REVIEW. • Fifty Golden Years. The First Half Cen- viewpoint, and recognize the necessity tury of the Woman's American Baptist Home Mission Society. 1877-1927. Bertha for corresponding changes in methods Grimmell Judd. lUus. 281 pp. 60 cents, paper; $1.00, cloth. New York. 1927. of work, yet fail to react to the same . ~his. record (Jf a half century is a situation from a missionary stand- VIVId pIcture of the labors and achieve- point. Some clear, up-to-date informents of hundreds of women. The story is. told topically and by fields- mation concerning these changing evangelism among Negroes, Indians immigrants, and in Cuba, Porto Rico: conditions with indicated changes or BanadptCiset ntMrailssAiomnaerryicaT; raeidnuicnagtioSn~h(tJhoel in Chicago in which many of the work- adaptions of policies, seems badly ers were prepared; Christian centers needed. This is provided in Miss neighborhood and community houses; Burton's missionary study book for 192.1-1928. The author is well able to present the new opportunities, ,new problems, new duties that must be met in the loving sympathetic spirit of the Master. M. A. L.

Christian Americanization; and the Nigeria, the Land, the People and Chris- tian Progress. J. Lowry Maxwell. 156 organization and history of each of the pp. 38 6& London.

organizations which have shared in This in the World Dominion Survey Series is a survey of an the financial support. important section of Africa. It's attractive type, and with proper The author has attempted to men- headings for all sections, help to make it a satisfactory handbook on Nigeria tion hundreds of missionaries and -The Land, the People, the Customs, the History, the Commerce and the scores of institutions of various gkoinudns~ Religion. Part II presents five short so that no faithful work shall chapters on the origin and problems of Protestant missions; the societies recorded. The effect is almost that of at work; a summary of the Christian forces; the occupation of British a catalogue, but so well has the con- Cameroons; and the facts about Bible translation and circulation. densation been done and so many are There are three folding maps, a the concrete illustrations and inci- dozen pages of statistical tables, and dents" that not only do the general a Calendar of Important Missionary Events. To carry the Gospel throughachievements of the Society stand out out the vast territory of Northern and Southern Nigeria, there are 525 misbut the reader is led to see how many sionaries, with nearly 5000 native workers, and there are 102,000 comdevoted, courageous lives have con- tributed to the whole and how the best results have been in thousands of transformed lives rather than in piles of brick and mortar or in bare statis- tics. K. S. L.

New l'aths for Old Purposes. Margaret E. Burton. 204 pp. $1.00. New York. ]927.

. "Protestant missions are experiencmg the most pronounced transition they have yet undergone." It seems municants. Protestant mission work strange that so many minds appreciate was begun in 1842 and there are now the marked and rapid changes among fourteen missionary agencies there.

the people of other lands from a com- We give thanks as we read: "The mercial, political or international rapid and striking progress in this 6 961

field constitutes one of the great tion, austerities and enlightenment; triumphs in the progress of Christ's the first preaching, spread of the doc- Kingdom. The fact that this great trine and legends of his twenty years'

work has arrested the advance of wandering; the rival .schools of Deva- Mohammedanism among the pagan datta and Ajatasattu; the last days; tribes is of great encouragement." and the establishment of the Order.

(Page 77) "The events of the past The chapters that follow are even twenty five years point to the con- more important as an account of origclusion that the hunger after God is inal Buddhism: Buddhism as a religincreasing. Its paganism is utterly ion, and as a philosophy.; Buddha and satisfying and its Mohammedanism myth; Buddha and history; Budis equally so. Although the primitive dhism and Christianity. In the ap- Moslem community in less advanced pendices, Dr. Thomas has done an districts, is more open to Christian unusually good piece of work in his propaganda than the pagan. God is annotations to the Buddhist Scripin our day calling the lands of West tures of the 'rheravad (Pali) canon, Africa to come and find in Christ the -235 in number-and in the refer- Bread of Life. It would be surpris- ence to works of other schools. But ing indeed if the experience of the even more helpful for non-Pali next few years does not surpass all students is the Bibliography of dis~ our hopes. and justify our wildest cussions and translations in several ventures of faith." European languages.

Two large provinces, and four While the main facts of Buddhist small ones, in Northern Nigeria, with history and doctrine are widely a total population of 2,750,800, are known, many of the items found in still unoccupied by Christian mis- Dr. Thomas's chapters upon "Budsionaries.-F. L. dha and Myth," "Budda and His- The Life of Buddha as Legend and History. tory," and" Buddhism and Christian- By Edward J. Thomas, M.A., D.Litt. ity" are out of the usual order and mus., map, XXIV, 297 pp. New York: deserve a careful reading, particularly Alfred A. Knopft'. 1927. the last chapter. In that he takes up While brief volumes on Buddhism, sixteen of the leading parallels be- written in a popular style by scholars, tween Buddhist legends and the fill a very important place, it is re- Gospel stories, and makes a fairly freshing to see such a work as this clear case against those who argue for which is one of "The History of the incorporation of these legends in Civilization" series. The tendency in the Gospels. This is partly due to recent years has been to depend upon the fact that Seydel's fifty "cogent Pali sources, neglecting Sanskrit, parallels" are reduced by van den Tibetan and Chinese translations. Dr. Bergh to nine, while Dr. Hopkins dis- Thomas pursues. the better plan of cusses only five of these, and Garbe combining with those canons the San- assumes direct borrowing only in the skrit works and to a less extent the case of Simeon, the Temptation, Peter translations of Tibet and China, thus walking on the sea, and the miracle proving that he i~ worthy of Mrs. of the loaves and the fishes, and Rhys David's dictum-" at last fit to Charpentier reduces the entire list to pull down the super-structure and Simeon as the only unobjectionable seek for the man." He has certainly example. Yet the reader, after com- found the man, in large part at least, paring the parallel with the Gospel and here we see his portrait in the story of Simeon in the temple, will original colors. probably agree with our author that The scope of the volume is hinted there are two considerations that at in such chapters as these: Buddha's might lead to a firmer ground, "first- ancestrY, home and family; birth, in- ly, whether there is enough reason to fancy and youth; the Great Renuncia- think that Buddhist legends can have

THB MISSIONARY-LIBRARY

reached Palestine in the first century Holy Spirit as her leader." P. 49.

A. D……,. (and second) the Gos- The book is interesting even to the pels all belong to the first century reader who does not agree with all .A. D. . ….. Even in this case the the author's views. H. A. A.

question whether Indian legends The Credentials of the Cross. N orthcote Deck. 133 pp. 3s. Glasgow. 1927. contributed to the resulting structure is a question of literary history that has never been convincingly decided, These deeply devotional messages and in many cases never seriously from the director of the South Sea considered. " He makes it clear that Evangelical Mission in Solomon we are not justified in holding to any Islands, show the place pf the Cross borrowing by Jesus. The volume in God's plan of the ages. They magnifies Buddhist character, benef- quicken one's faith and inspire one's icent deeds and helpful teachings. servic,e, and give a clearer vision of the meaning of the Cross of Christ H. P. B. and Calvary as revealed in the Bible.

Seven Sunday Night Talks. J. C. Massee. c. B. N. 124 pp. 25 cents, paper; 75 cents, cloth.

Chicago. 1926. The Christ We Know. Arno Clemens Op.e cannot get away from the three Gaebelein. 126 pp. Paper, 25 cents; major appeals of these seven sermons, cloth, 75 cents. Chicago. 1927.

namely, (1) the necessity of Christ as This is an effective answer to "The Man Nobody Knows." The twentythe only Saviour from sin; (2) the nine short articles originally appeared in Our Hope and are as spiritually danger of postponing open and public refreshing as a cool breeze wafted over desert places. The author of the decision for Christ; (3) the inade- volume "The Man Nobody Knows" may find much profit through a study ouacy of any philosophy or religion of ., The Christ We Know." People that discounts or ignores God as the cannot come to know Him by reading only Mr. Bruce Barton's popular source of soul life and soul satisfac- tion. This threefold appeal is stated in forceful language and is supportf~d by scriptural statements and striking experiences. J. MCD.

Pearls, Points and Parables. F. E. Marsh. book. c. B. N.

8 vo. 297 pp. 68. Glasgow. 19'26. The Magic Formula, and other Stories. L. P. Jacks. 367 pp. $2.50. New York. Over two thousand Scripture texts are illustrated or expounded in these 1927.

notes for preachers and Bible teach- Dr. Jacks, editor of The Hibbert ers. They cover some two hundred Journal and head of Manchester Coland fifty subjects and the viewpoint lege at Oxford, is one of the foreis thoroughly evangelical. Excellent most thinkers of today. This volume suggestions are given for Bible read- of twelve stories, selected for .Ameriings, comparing Scripture with Scrip- can readers, are those that he thought ture, and illustrating truths with "most likely, or least unlikely, to poems and anecdotes. have a human interest irrespective of The Letters to the Seven Churches. Jno. time and place." Gibson Inkster. 83 pp. 75 cents. New The opening story which gives title York. 1926. to the book, and which relates a The author's viewpoint is premil- charming discovery of the boy "Wil- lenarian, yet he is fair-minded. He liam X. Plosive," will perhaps appeal sees the Church today impotent be- to as large an audience as any of cause she has lost her first love. This them, and is as tender and elusive as greatest tragedy constitutes the theme Barrie or Hawthorne. The darker side of the book. One finds such striking of Hawthorne is suggested by some of statements as ' ,The Protestant the others. In none of them is the Church . . . never enthroned the love element developed unless in the whimsical Professors Mare and the VIew. For pastors and leaders in equally whimsical" Bracketed First. " schools of missions, this work should prove of especial value.' The general The English rustic, the canny Scot, reader will find in it a new panorama the mystic dreamer of Damascus, and of the world. While the book does others, all come in for their respective not attempt to startle, it does stimshares of the author's sympathy ulate. The task is put in fresh terms, and insight. Theology, metaphysics, and holds the attention by the strong primitive piety, the irony of fate and presentation of the issues and the circumstance, alike pay tribute to his real grasp on facts. discriminating pen.-w. G. H. The chapters are An Adventure in Missionary M.arionette Plays. Martha Rice. Fellowship; The Basis of the Ad- 8vo. 65 pp. Ill. $1.00. Boston. 1927. venture; The Enlarging Horizons of the Adventure; The Adventure in These four playlets, to be given by America; A World Adventure; An Adventurous Task for Our Generachildren, although intended for mar- tion. A carefully selected reading list is appended.-J. F. R. ionette production, could be adapted What Christ Means to Me. Wilfred T. so that parts may' be taken by the Grenfell. 82 pp. $1.25. Boston. 1927.

children themselves. The marionette Dr. Grenfell of Labrador is worthy of the honor conferred upon him as method, however, because of its nov- Companion of St. Michael and St. elty, would probably appeal to the George, for he is a slayer of dragons that menace human lives. Humanichildren .and would make a consider- tarian considerations alone would never be sufficient as a motive for able amount of memorization unneces- such labors. Dr. Grenfell shows that it is the love of Christ that constrains sary. Careful directions are given him. This little book awakens new hope, new faith, new courage, new for the making of scenery, costumes, purpose to live in daily practical fellowship with the Divine Son of puppets, and the necessary mechanism Man who went about accomplishing good.-w. G. IT. as well as illustrations of the stage with characters and scenery. Points Beyond Price-f,or Sunday-school Teachers, Busy Christian Workers, Bible The scenes are laid in India, China, Students, etc. John Gray. 194 pp. 28. Glasgow. 1927. the Philippines, and in Japan, and all are about children. A prayerful, thoull'ht-out compila- tion of illustrative helps and sugges- A friendly interest in the people of tions for Christian workers, whatever their sphere of service, made up of other lands, with a genuine desire to "brief records of servants of God, Bible class and home study subjects, be of service, is what leaders and eye-gate lessons for young people, original ideas for preachers, subjects teachers desire to see in the children for Sunday poetry and tales worth telling. " This attractive, handy-size with whom they work. M. A. L. volume is full of suggestive material for anv Christian worker. The bio- A Guide to the Study of the English Bible. graphi~ sketches of present-day serv- Spence and Cannon. 187 pp. $1.25. ants of God are especially worthy of Nashville, Tenn. 1927. note.

It is hard to become enthused over C. D. N. a syllabus. It is like getting excited about some bare bones. These outlines are an attempt to cover the entire Bible, and are as well done as could be expected in such an endeavor. The value of .such a book depends upon the personality of those who use it, or teach it. The maps are a real help.

– J . F. R.

The Adventure of the Church. Samuel McCrea Cavert. 25'6 pp. 60 cents, paper; $1.00, cloth. New York. 1927.

It would be easy to grow enthusiastie about this pungent little volume -an exeellent epitome of the general program of the Church, from an interesting and up-to-date point of

BOOKS 965 – – – – – – – – – – – – – –

Are Missions a Failure. Charles A. Seldon. DRUMSiathe 270 pp. $2.50. Fleming H. Revell Co. New York. 1927.

Barak: The Diary of a Donkey. F. H. DARKNESS Easton. 90 pp. Hulbert Publishing Co. Ltd. London. 1927.

The Christian Approaoh to the Jew. Being By a Report of Conferences on the SUbject held at Budapest and Warsaw in April, REV. JOHNT.TUCKER, D.D. 1927. 203 pp. Ediuburgh House Press. London. 1927. T HE romance of the Dark Con- tinent graphically thrown upon Changing Foreign Missions. Cleland Boyd a back-ground of reality. McAfee. 288 pp. $2.00. Fleming H. Revell Co. New York. 1927.

The Church in the Changing City. Case A book which never allows the reader's interest to £lag. It supplies studies illustrating adaptation. H. Paul him plenteously with material on Douglass, 453 pp. $4.00. George H. Doran C(). New York. 1927.

Eradication of Leprosy from the World. native lore and custom, and stands K B. Steiner. 175 pp. $2.00. Orissa as a monument to the transforming Mission Press. Cuttack. 1927. work ofChristian missions in Africa.

Wilfred Grenfell-The Master Mariner. Illustrated. $1.75 Illustrated. A life of adventure on sea and iee. Basil Mathews. 178 pp. $1.50. Available early ill January: George H. Doran, Co. New York. 1924. LIBERIA OLD AND NEW. James L. Sibley. $1.50 The God of Gold. Arthur E. Southon. 183 • • • • .i THE GOLDEN STOOL. Edwin W. Smith. $1.50 pp. $1.50. Fleming H. Revell Co. New At :your religious bookstore York. 1927. 1.,!.1:11'~' ~!.:.) $11 • The Human Body-Its Source, History and l! Destiny as Told by Its Maker. F. C. Jennings. 206 pp. $1.50. Publishing Let Your GIFT Office "Our Hope." New York. 1927. to Foreign Missions In Storied Palestine. Along the Fascinat. ing Highways of the Holy Land. Rev. PAY YOU John R. Turnbull. 101 pp. Christian Alliance Publishing Co. New York. 1927. a Life Income Lessons from Moses lIible. Illustrations Do you know that you can contribute to the with over 200 engravings and blackboard support of Foreign Missions without sacrificing sketches. Alexander MacKeith. 80 pp. money needed for yourself or others? 28. 6d. Pickering and Inglis. London. 1927. DOl you know that gifts ranging 'from $100 to $65,000 and totaling more than one mil1ion two Overcoming Handicaps. Archer Wallace. hundred and fifty thousand dollars are now held 140 pp. $1.00. George H. Doran C(). by the Board as a reservf31 fund guaranteeing ana New York. 1927. nuity payments?

Pegs for Preachers. Subjects in outline for During the forty years in which the Annuity preachers, workers, students, teachers, etc. Gift Plan haf:: been in operation annufty paya Charles Inglis. 149 pp. 28. Pickering ments have always been made promptly. It guara and Inglis. London. antees the absolute safety of principal. rel1eves you of the uncertainty and worry of investment The Sacred Scriptnres. Concordant version. and provides a definite income of 383 pp. $1.00. Concordant Publishing Concern. Los Angeles. 1927. 4Y..% to 9% per year Stewardship Stories. Guy L. Morrill. 91 for the rest of your life pp. 50c. George H. Doran Co. New York. 1927. Protect YQurselfagainst loss from unwise invest- ments and at the same time send the gospel Truth and Tradition in Chinese Bnddhism. A study of Chinese Mahayana Buddhism. to foreign lands. Karl Ludwig Reichelt. Translated from For further information. write the Norwegian by Kathrina von Wagenen Bugge. 330 pp. $3. Mex. Commercial Ernest F., /Jail, Sec,etary, DepaTime'nt 0/ Annuill•• Press Ltd. Shanghai. 1927.

lIaptist Missionary Society. Annual Report BOARD OF FOREIGN MISSIONS and statement of accounts for the 135th year ending March 31, 1927. 195 pp. The .of the Pte,byterian Church. U. S. A. Carey Press.. London. 1927. liI a:Ii1::1_ _ _..1._S.6..F.i_ft_h_A_v_c_D_u_e_,_N_e_w_Y_o_r_k_ _ _ Please mention THJC MISSIONARY REvmw OF THE WORLD In wrltlni!' to advertlsel'll. Nelson Bibles to Meet Every Need T o choose exactly the right Bible for home, for school, for every purpose, you really should have a Nelson Bible Listover five hundred styles, with every variety of binding, all sizes and all styles of type.

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THOMAS NELSON &. SONS 38SP Fourth Avenue, New York City Please send me a copy of Nelson's Bible Catalog,and the "Wonderful Story of the Bible.') Nama_____________________________________ In addition to yielding you a dependable e Addus.,____________________________________ income, your money performs a great Chris- tian service. It helps provide Bibles to im- migrants in their own language, to seamen, to the sick in hospitals, to prisoners and to OBITUARY the needy blind in raised type. Your money DR. CARL PAUL, of Leipzig, the former goes on doing this good work on earth when director of the Leipzig Missionary Society, you are gone, bringing the Word to those died on October 11, 1927, at hiB home near who hunger for it but cannot get it other- Leipzig, aged seventy. He was one of the wise. most prominent and deserving missionary leaders of Germany, a scion of an old Saxon You can arrange to have your [ible ministerial family. As pastor, he gave his Annuity Bonds pay a yearly income durin'~ time to missionary studies in a way that the life of two people, such as husband and wife, mother and daughter. brought him into prominence in the mission work of Europe. He early succeeded in Find out mope about this Christian Servgathering a eirele of pastors which developed ice investment. Mail the coupon for free into the Saxon Mission Society now 40 years booklet and new rate schedule. old. He was the secretary of this organization until 1911, when he became the successor to Director Van Schwartz of the Leipzig Mission. Later he was appointed professor New York Bible Society of missions at the University of Leipzig, the first professor of missions in his native state. DEPARTMENT 34 In the severe b'ials of the World War, his wise gnidance benefited his own society and Ii East 48th Street, New York was for the advantage· of all German missions. He was also well known as a writer —~——————– on mission subjeets and was in demand as a lecturer on the theory and history of lJlis· New York Bible Society, Dep't. 34, .ions.–C. T. B. 5 East 48th St., New York City. DR. ORVILLE REED, the beloved Recording Gentlemen: Without obligation, please send Me Secretary of the Presbyterian Board of For- descriptive (}amphlets about your Bible Annuit} eign Missions, died at his home in New Bonds. York City on Thursday, November 3d. Dr.

Reed was born in Lansingburg, N. Y., in Name ………………………… Age •…•• 1854. He taught in Robert College, Con- Address ……… , …………•• '" •..•…..••• stantinople, from ]880 to 1883 and subse- City ……. : ……..•…….. State quently was pasta, of cHurches in Spring- field,Mass.,"·and ·Mont-clair. He became associated with the· 'Presbyterian Board in . -l913, –.." . ,….• "-_.,,.-………. -. :. "…… .

Please mention THE MISSIONAllY Rl'V!EW OF THE WOELD in writing to adVertisers.

The Missionary Review of the World — August 1907

CENTURY-CHRISTIAN

courtesy of TIle Chri8t1an Herald TWENTIETH CENTURY-WORLD~S SUNDAY SCHOOL CONVENTION A CONTRAST-TWO PRAYER-MEETINGS IN THE COLOSSEUM AT ROME

'The §ilissionary 'R..eview

of the World VOL. XXX. No. AUGUST, 1907 VOL. XX. No.8 Old 1>'erier New Series puUlu.hed by Fuuk & 'agllalls COIIIl!:lIlY, ~-l~{jO Eo ~au n., N. Y. hn:J.l; K. Funk, Pn:!s., A. V. Ta~Iw.IJ…., Yice·]'re~. l1ntI Tn-.as., P.oJt. Scott, bee'y.

SIGNS OF THE TIMES THE WORLD'S SUNDAY-SCHOOL Name from the earth; and here this CONVENTION great company of Christian delegates- meet to celebrate His Name, never be- The recent World's Sunday-school fore so widely worshiped and adored Convention in Rome was a great occa- as to-day. sion and a notable success. There is something startling in its historic sig- As is shown in our correspondent's nificance. How few of us realize that account of the convention, this gaththe "Eternal City," seat of the Roman ering was unusually strong in its empontiffs, was for centuries so exclusive phasis on the Great Commission of of evangelical Christianity that not Christ. It is a significant sign that only could no gospel preacher have this great department of the Church liberty to preach inside the walls, but is to give more emphasis in future to travelers were not allowed to bring a the teaching of missionary facts, obli- Bible within, if known. Yet here in gations and privileges. the very headquarters of papal edict, the throne of the Romish Church, One of the great results of the within a stone's throw of the Vatican, World's Convention was the pledging over a thousand leading Protestants, of $75,000 for missionary work in representing the vVorlel's evangelical North Africa and elsewhere; and bodies, met in conference to promote another outcome is the plan for a Bible study, and met with none to mo- world's tour of Sunday-school worklest or make them afraid. ers in a chartered steamship, to leave New York in December, 1908, Mis- Poetically significant was the gath- sionary work has everything to gain ering amid the memorable ruins of the and nothing to lose by publicity. Colosseum. Here on the very sands that have been soaked with the blood THE ROMAN CHURCH BIBLE of early Christian martyrs, where thousands have met the fierce Numid- Pope Pius X. has ordered a revision ian lion and been torn to pieces for of the Latin Vulgate Bible, which Christ's sake, over a thousand dele- was prepared by Jerome at the regates peacefully assembled to bear quest of Pope Damasus 1,500 years witness to the very Nazarene in whose ago. About two hundred years cause those martyrs suffered. The pa- atter Jerome's translation was comgan Roman persecutors sought to pleted it was officially indorsed in the wipe out the remembrance of His Roman Church, under Pope Gregory the Great. After it became known as the Vulgate or Common Version, it succeeded in paying the rent of a passed through various changes be- house in Cadiz, in which are installed fore it took permanent, form by be- the Protestant school and chapel. The ing printed at Mayence, in 1455 A.D., pastor supports himself by manual the first complete volume issued from labor. Last year saw a substantial in- the printing-press. The Council of crease in the amount contributed for Trent about 1550 authorized the publi- the maintenance of the work, and the cation of an official edition of the Vul- gifts without exception came from gate, which was issued by Pope Clem- Spain alone. ent VIII. in' 1592 and has since that time been the standard edition in the The Evangelical schools all over Roman Catholic Church. The r~vi- Spain are well attended, and enjoy a – sion now ordered is a result of the good reputation. studies of the Biblical Commission ap- pointed by. Pope Leo XIII. a short Tho progress in Spain may be time before his death in 1903: It is slow, the work is not in vain. The an important step for the Roman Spaniards themselves are doing more Church. Let us hope the new version every year toward self-support, but will be widely read by those who have are still far from being independent so long neglected the Scriptures. of foreign help. The education of Spanish pastors and teachers is of the MOVEMENTS IN SPAIN greatest importance. If all the build- ings of the Spanish Evangelical Days of greater religious liberty III Church were their property instead of Spain seem to be withip measurable being hired rooms, the yearly ex- distance, altho they may not be as penditure, which is a. heavy burden near as many anticipated, for the for these small funds, might help in power of the bishops and priests has many another way to spread the King- to be taken into account. dom of Christ in Spain.

The Evangelical Church in Spain THE McALL MISSION IN FRANCE stands dear of political confusions and can now preach the Gospel every- In these times of unrest in France where, in spite of all the secret inqui- the McAll Mission continues to do sition which persecutes everyone who faithful, efficient work. The thirty- openly acknowledges the Gospel. fourth annual report shows that the Romanism remains the State religion, enterprise is adapting itself to chang- forbidding the Protestants any public ing conditions.. manifestation. Evangelical work must be almost in secret, but the Protestant There is to-day neither religious in- congregations keep up bravely. Espe- difference nor a general knowledge of cially encouraging is. the growing Bible facts. People have taken posi- consciousness among Spanish Prot- tion on the one side or the other; the estants that they themselves must care freethinkers are even more tyrannical more for their spiritual growth than than the priest; and children, barely they have hitherto. The common ef- escaped from school, retail the latest forts of the congregations who form destructive theories of higher critics. the Spanish Evangelical Church have The mission boat, Bonne Nouvelle, has been going through a district hith- erto t1llvisite1, and excited great curi-

SIGNS OF THE

osity. "Almost all the inhabitants of through the new laws. Ignorance ,Rogny," writes M. Dautry, "came to must naturally increase again. Su- the meetings." "There is no sale for perstition will once more become ram- news;:>apers," declared the village sta- pant,.and the work of the missionaries tioner; "nobody reads them. The men will be greatly hindered. say they get better at the boat." A GREAT AWAKEJHNG IN BENGAL Miss Helen Gould, who has been spending some months in France, af- Bishop La Trobe, of the Moravian ter carefully looking over the whole Church, writes that "new blessings and ground, made generous gifts to the new anxieties are closely connected in McAll Mission to buy ground at recent news from the Gossner Mission Bicetre. Subsequently she increased to the Kols of India. The Society has her gifts to the work in Paris to $3,- spread a net of stations all over Chota 60:), and now has given $6,00:) to ena- Nagpur, in the south of Bengal; and ble the mission to buy the building at the membership of its mission to the Ronbaix. Kols is reckoned by thousands. Be- yond the southwest corner of its pres- FRENCH MISSIONARY SCHOOLS IN ent district lies the native State of MADAGASCAR J aipur, till recently hermetically sealed against all missionary enterprise. A The dangers with which the mis- sudden and mighty movement has sionary schools in Madagascar are commenced among its heathen. Withthreatened by the edicts of the French in a'few weeks about 3,000 have come governor-general have 'already been to missionaries Eckert and John; dementioned, and the situation is more siring Christian instruction, and this fully described on another page, The seems to be but the commencement Journal des Missions Evallgeliques of a larger harvest. Vriting from his gives some other important facts' station, Kinkel, near the J aipur fronwhich may stimulate and guide our tier, Mr. John says that a breath of prayers. The province of Ambositra divine life is passing over the whole contains about 15,000 children of land. God has opened the. door so school age. There are but I2 govern- wide that they have never seen anyment schools, which at best could ac- thing like it. commodate only 1,500 pupils. The Paris Missionary Society had in this "How has all this come about? The province 88 schools which were at- answer is calculated to give joy to all tended by 4,4I2 pupils last year. Un- who know what missionary work and der the new laws and for the purposes native agency really mean. The zealof centralization of scholars, the mis- ous testimony of the Kol Christians sionaries decided to drop 40 of the themselves has awakened among their smaller schools, and have applied for heathen neighbors an earnest desire 50 permits according to the law. There for the Gospel-a desire not to be is little doubt, however, that the gov- quenched by the beatings and imprisernment will grant little more than onments which many of them have alhalf of these permits. Thus 88 mis- ready suffered, The Gossner Missionary schools in the province of Am- sion is one of the smaller Continental bositra will be reduced to about 25 societies, and it is struggling manfully

with the financial burdens involved in quirers being taught in preparation its great ingathering in Chota N agpur for baptism. One young farmer, who itself. How then can it take up this has felt the quickening spirit, has new and urgent work? This is far already brought in one hundred and from being the first serious crisis in fifty converts. These people are com- the story of the mission, and once ing faster than the workers are able again faith can find a solution to the to train them. With the present force problem, seeing that it arises out of the of workers Mr. Denning says that it fact that God has placed before them is safe to expect at least one thousand an open and effectual door." converts this year, and they can in- A· NEW MOVEMENT AMONG THE crease the numbers as rapidly as they CHAMARS can take the Gospel to the new vil- lages. More workers mean more con- Rev. ]. 0. Denning, of the Meth- verts. This means that more money odist Episcopal Mission has recently is needed to support more workers. I started a remarkable movement among This movement bids fair to be one of the Chamar caste toward Christianity the great movements in India toward in the Ballia district, about a hundred Christianity. miles northeast of Benares. Christian work there was begun a few years A WORK OF GRACE AT AINTAB ago by a Canadian mission which, A growing revival is reported from however, was unable to shepherd their Aintab, Central Turkey, where it has flock on account of a lack of funds, been going on for some months with so that a number of the converts re- many conversions, largely among the verted to their old ways. Last year Gregorians. A remarkable iactor in Mr. Denning was assigned to this ihe movement has been the efficient district, and Illahi Baksh was placed help of young men belonging to the in charge as the head worker. . evangelical party in the Gregorian Illahi Baksh and his wife were in Church. This party continues to grow America for nine years, where he took in numbers and influence, and it seems a course in theology and she took a as if there must soon come a crisis in degree in medicine. He has now the Gregorian community. Each three preachers to assist him, and Sunday afternoon, at the close of the they' go everywhere telling the good regular service in the cathedral, there old story of salvation in Christ and is a preaching service held by these giving medicine to the sick. They young laymen in the great schoolroom have won back a number of the for- adjoining, which service is attended mer Christians that had lapsed and by from 1,200 to 1,50;) people. . It is have also gained many new conyerts. a striking contrast to the handful of The Chamar caste are all farmers. worshipers at the regular service in They take to the Gospel quite readily the church and naturally stirs the and whole villages are now coming to jealousy of the priests. As yet they ask for baptism. Within two months have not ventured to use the full our Christian community increased power of the hierarchy to put down from two hundred and fifty to five the movement for fear of alienating hundred and fifty, with scores of in- to the Protestant Church this large

7] SIGNS OF THE

body of educated and progressive value as given by those who know of young men and women, for the move- what they speak.• ment among the young women is nearly as strong as among the young men. Similar and more remarkable changes have come to Y9kohama papers. JAPANESE NEWSPAPERS CHANGING FRONT A PRISON REVIVAL IN JAPAN Among the places in which the Rev. H. Loomis, of the American Holy Spirit has brought about a re- Bible Society, writes concerning some vival is the prison at Obihiro, in significant changes of attitude and North Japan. spirit as touching Christianity on the Miss Monk, of Sapporo, writes part of a .number of secular papers. Thus the Japan Times recently pub- to Woman's r-York that there were lished an excellent article on "Chris- several earnest Christians among tianity in Japan," and in an editorial the prison officers, including the wardcleclared that not only was education en, and nearly all the eight hundred needed, b1.1t religion also, to keep men prisoners had Bibles, while one hunback from sinful lives. The same pa- dred and twenty of them received regper published an article upon the ular Bible instruction for about a year. work of the American Bible Society Rev. George Pierson, of Asahigawa, in connection with the Y. M. C. A. went with a Japanese pastor to hold meetings in the prison and more than The Japan Daily Mail, speaking in four hundred prisoners, besides about a recent issue of the attitude of the one hundred officials and their fampress of the East toward the mission- ilies, became earnest inquirers. Thus aries, admits that some of the latter Christ's program of the Kingdom is have been overzealous, but adds this still being carried out. testimonial: METHODIST UNION IN JAPAN But it admits of no question that when The mission work which has been the record is fairly considered an enormous maintained in Japan by the Methodists preponderance appears on the side of 'the of Canada and the Northern and missionary as a factor of human progress. Southern branches of the Methodist Here in Japan the country owes to him an Episcopal Church in the United States immense debt of gratitude for his example,. have been united in one denomination, no less than for his efforts, and in China known as the "Nippon Methodist his quiet, self-sacrificing lahors have done Kyokwai," or the Methodist Church much for the cause of moral elevation. of Japan. The constitution, or "arti- That he should not be fully appreciated is, cles of religion," are patterned after perhaps, inevitable. Nothing good is ever those of the mother churches. Inappreciated at its true worth. But that he stead of being a life office, as in the should be assailed and abused is one of the United States, bishops are to be strangest phenomena of modern times. elected for eight years, but may be re- elected. The first bishop of the church The press is beginning to speak is Yoitsu Honda. He is an able man more justly regarding the missionary, and has had a remarkable history. He and such a 'testimony as this, coming was born in 1848. He was twenty-one from one of the two or three most ionfluential newspapers in Asia, is of

years old before he saw the Bible. GOOD WORK ON PLEASANT ISLAND He became a Methodist in 1876 and was the first native minister of that On the island of Nauru (or Pleaschurch in Japan. For some time he ant Island), in Micronesia, at about was in public legislative service, and the middle of the Pacific Ocean, "5,000 was urged to enter more largely upon miles from anywhere," as some one it, but would not turn aside from the has stated it, Rev. Philip A. Delaporte Christian ministry. For some years began a new work eight years ago. he has been president of the Anglo- He has been supported by the Ha- Japanese College at Tokyo. waiian Congregationalists through the American TIoard. The island is eigh- This church begins its existence teen miles in circumference and has with over I2,000 members, I28 or- a population of I,550. In eight years ganized churches, I39 ministers, 62 Mr. and Mrs. Delaporte have mas- Bible-women, 14 boarding-schools for tered the language, established schools both sexes with 2,729 pupils, 32 day- in which they have 300 pupils, built schools with 2,713 pupils, 2 theological a church whkh has an average conschools wi~h 53 students-a total of gregation of 8°4, and a membership 5,565; a great showing indeed! The of 6:x). During a season of special value of churches and parsonages interest, 284 persons were converted, foots up above $roo,ooo. and the work is steadily going on. The translation of the New Testament A DANGER IN SIERRA LEONE was printed on the island by natives, under the instruction of the mission- The Mohammedans in Africa arc ary, who is a practical as well as a being aroused against Christianity in scholarly man. lVIr. and Mrs. Delathe Hinterland of· Sierra Leone, be- porte have come to America to obcause of the activity and success of tain much needed rest and to have the Christian missions. Rev. Norman Testaments bound. The record of Bennet does not view this invasion these eight years is remarkable, even lightly, but as most serious. Should for the island world. Nauru is of a it go on unchecked he believes that it phosphate formation, and a German will mean that the whole Protectorate company is exporting the rock for the will in a shvrt tilLe btcome Moham- manufacture of fertilizers. They almedan. low missionaries free use· of their ships for transportation and supplies, St. John Oswell, district commis- and went to much troubl~ and exsioner at Batkanu, reports that in his pense to bring Mr. Delaporte to the district Mohammedans have increased United States. The natives are earn- 50 per cent. in the last two years. ing money and contributing gener- This is a serious outlook, and in other ously to the mission work. Now that parts of the Hinterland men are seen 500 Chinese laborers have been teaching, children with wooden tablets brought to the island the burden upon reciting the Koran, and chiefs are be- the missionaries is increased; but th~y coming Mohammedan. The only way are looking forward eagerly to returnto meet this danger is by earnest pray- ing next fall. er and an increasing activity in the Christian propaganda.

BEACON·LIGHTS OF MISSIONARY

SAMUEL JOHN MILLS. JR.

BY ARTHUR T. PIERSON No man of the last century burned born !" "But, my son, you are born, with a more genuine missionary fer- and can not throw off your existence, vor, or cast beams of light with a more nor your everlasting accountability for_ penetrating and diffusive power, than your conduct," was her sagacious the boy, born April 21, 1783, in the reply. This interview revealed the parsonage at Torringford, Connecti- fact that he was in despair, and had, cut. Yet the fact is both curious and as he said, "seen to the bottom of significant, that Mills himself never hell!"

went on a foreign mission! Beacons His mother knew that there are light up the way for mariners, while times when an hour's talk with God they themselves remain stationary; will solve a problem which no amount and this man was providentially pre- of other talk can solve; and so, while vented from following the path he il- he went to school, she sought her lumined for all voyagers on life's closet; and, while she prayed, he, on main 1 This lesson, thus emphasized his way, had his "Damascus" vision in advance, will be found,.in review of of the beauty and glory of God.

his whole career, to be doubtless the Election now became a stepping~ most meaningful of all the suggestions stone instead of a stumbling-stone, of this heroic history-all crowded in- and he cried out, "0 glorious sov- to thirty-five short years. ereignty!" stopping by the way to Mills owed much to his ancestry. pray and think on the vision.

His father, after whom he was named, It may help other souls in the half a minister of Christ, who died in 1833, dawn of unassurance to know that in his ninetieth year, was always a never through his whole life had he great-souled man, and his boy owed to the full confidence of sonship. Per- him many winning qualities, especially haps, like Daniel, the vision of the a keen, sympathetic temperament, and Holy One turned even his "comeliness an aggressive spirit. into corruption."

During a revival, when Sainuel was But, notwithstanding a humility fifteen years old, he was brought un- which dared hope only with trembling, der conviction of sin, tho not into the he told his father that he could "con- peace of assured salvation. He ceive of no course in which to pass stumbled especially over that old the rest of his days that would be so stumbling-stone of election, which to pleasant as to communicate the Gos- him implied unjust discrimination in pe! salvation to the poor heathen."

the exercise of grace. Some three I ntro-spection was thus corrected years later, when about to enter Litch- by extro-spection. He might trem- field Academy, his godly mother, to ble as he looked within at his whose piety and prayers he owed also own corruption, but he forgot a measureless debt, frankly talked even that as he looked with- with him about his soul. But he only out at a thousand millions living sobbed out, "Oh, that I had never been in the deaH shade amid the h"lbita-

tions of cruelty. He could not stop to kindled concern in his fellow students, assure his own state in view of their he was sought by inquirers, and his state of which he was fully assured. own prayerfulness was evoked in in- And others saw that he was a spirit- tercession. Prayer-meetings were the filled man, even in his seminary days. natural outcome, which, influenced by The spring of r802, when yet but nine- a man of such missionary spirit, natteen, while engaged in farm work, his urally too 0;1 2. missionary tone. The great decision' was made, dedicating willows beside the college and the himself to missions; and in that step maple grove, midway to the Hoosac his mother's great Hannah-vow was River, afforded cool and shady reflilfilled, for she often said: "I have tiring places; and one day, when only consecrated this child to the service of five were there-lJills,]ames Richards, God as a missionary," tho, as she con- Frances L. Robbins, Harvey Loomis fest afterward, she little knew what and Byram Greel1-a very simple such surrender would cost, and how cause led to a very complex result. A it would end." sudden and violent thunderstorm drove them to the shelter of a hay- This choice of young Mills seemed stack. The~ talk had turned on Asia to him to' make necessary a proper and its darkness, and Mills had protraining, He could not afford to be in posed sending the Gospel to these mila hurry, Hence his college course at lions, adding those seven words,. now Williams and his seminary course at Andover. -immortal, "rVe call do it if we will"

Villiamstown was then a nursery -reminding of Carey's equally Imboth of scholarship and morality, mortal motto of ten years before: There was an esprit de corps there which more than any written law "Expect great things from God: molded manhood. Labor was honored, Attempt great things for God." and students encouraged to help themselves by frugality and industry. The Loomis alone objected that the time skepticism of Voltaire and the French was not yet ripe; but the majority infidels, which poisoned the thought of prevailed, and Mills said, "Come, let the beginning of the nineteenth cen- us make it a subject of prayer under tury and so largely pervaded letters, the hay." And the last petition was found no congenial soil in Williams' from his lips: "0 God, strike down College, where also the great revival the arm, with the red artillery of of the closing years of the eighteenth heaven, that shall be raised against century reached with kindling flame. a herald of the cross!" Evidently the lightning bolts had suggested In April, 1806, now twenty-three, his metaphor. Mills entered as freshman. Neither robust in body, nor brilliant in intel- These missionary grove prayerlect, he reached no higher rank in meetings being continued, others scholarship than Carey did in "cob- joined. The fire was fed with the fuel bling." But he was always a leader, of facts. All information that could with a contagious zeal, and, within a be gleaned from current reports, and few weeks, had already a commanding letters, being put before the meetings, influence; and, when the revival fires and Mills losing no chance either to feed or to fan the flame. He talked of

BEACON-LIGHTS OF MISSIONARY HISTORY

these things by the v:ay, as he. went At Andover, in 18lO, Mills met out and came in, so preoccupied with some of his college intimates, and missions that !-Ie neglected his studies, found a fine field for seed sowing.

and went near to the foot of his class, There the cipher records were treas-'

receiving at graduation no commence- ured till eight years later Pliny Fisk ment appointment. translated them, and they remain Beside intelligent zeal, Mills had among the archives. Samuel Nott and tact in organization, and, before grad- Adoniram Judson were lJotable addi- uating, had formed a "Society of tions to "the Brethren" at Andover, as Brethren," whose declared purpose also Samuel Newell. Thus graduates was "to effect, in the persolls of its of four colleges-Williams, Harvard, 1IH?1nbers, a mission to the heathen"- Brown and Amon-were closely not to send somebody else, but to go, linked in this earliest Foreign Mis- again reminding us of Care); and the sionary Society of America, and the immortal thirteen in Widow Wallis' great movement grew, under the parlor at Kettering in I792! leadership of this God-led young The first signers were five: Mills, man, Mills, who kept himself al- Ezra Fisk, James Richards, John ways in the background and pushed Seward and Luther Rice. Date, I80S. others to the front.

It is noticeable that the documents In 181 I, the first "Society of In- were all in cipher, partly because public quiry on the Subject of Missions" had opinion was not yet ripe for pUblicity. its birth, and its object was to gather Among other means taken to devel- and diffuse information as to the op missionary intelligence and interest, world field-a' society happily multi- was notably consultation with men of plied throughout the colleges.

eminent piety and sense, and spreading The next great step is the organiza- the movement in other colleges, Mills tion of the "American Board," the first himself visiting Yale, where he also really foreign missionary board in pursued a post-graduate course for a America, again following Carey's lead, few months. Dr. Mark Hopkins well for someone must "hold the ropes" if said that the origin and growth of others were to go down "into the American missions in such a way and ll1ine." There were by this time sev- from so humble a source "can be ac- eral societies in Britain, but Mills felt counted for only from the special that it would be a shame for American agency of tile spirit of God." But this candidates to have to go out through is not the only case in which a great British aid and patronage. And so the religious revolution has so begun. fathers-such as Doctors Griffin, Witness the gathering of seven stu- Stuart, Woods, Worcester and Spring dents at Montmartre, in 1534, and the -another illustrious fiVe-were con- Holy Club at Oxford, two centuries sulted, and the result was the institu- later. tion of a "Board of Commissioners for At Yale, Mills met Obookiah, the Foreign Missions," with nine com- waif of Hawaii, who further stimu- missioners, the first meeting being held lated his own yearning to send and at Farmington, Conn., September 5, carry the good tidings to the needy I8lO, with four ministers and one lay- souls abroad. man! But not till 1812 did the Board

resolve to ordain its first five mis- preaching wherever he could get a SlOnanes: Hall, Judson, Newell, hearing.

Nott and Rice. In 1814, he undertook a second Mills, tho the pioneer, was not home missionary trip to New Or- chosen, partly because he gave way to leans via St. Louis. It was at the time Hall, whom he felt better fitted for the of the war with Britain, and he found honor, and partly because his advocacy work in plenty distributing Bibles was so valued at home. But it was a among both British and American sore disappointment to Mills, as to soldiers, and speaking to sick and Moses, to get a glimpse of the land, ~ dying men, but especially scattering but never go over into it. French Testaments among the people..

T!ndoubtedly in this disappointment Again, on return to the East, he urged God's hand is as obvious as in any the Bible societies to new and more other steps. Mills was needed at aggressive activity, and sought to home more than abroad to keep the secure preachers for the needy terri- fires burning and prepare live tories of the West. He acted the part coals for other altars. Prayer, of a home missionary explorer and speech, the contagion of his en- statesman, like Livingstone in the for- thusiasm,-these God used as in case eign fields of Africa. He used his of but few others in all history. He pen as well as voice to put facts into was, in this new crusade,'a new Peter available form, and his reports were the Hermit. models of accuracy and efficacy.

A truly mission-spirited man is Results were seen in a general everywhere and always a missionary. quickening of home missionary zeal Mills) not permitted to go abroad, in the East, as evinced in the or- must find vent for his zeal at ·home, ganization of the. Presbyterian Board "cutting a path through the moral of the Home Missions in 1816, wilderness of the West to the Pacific." and the enlarged efforts of societies He started on horseback, preaching already in existence.

and scattering Bibles en route, and Mills was always founding and or- picking up information, riding through ganizing Bible societies-as in Ohio, New York, Ohio, Kentucky, Indiana, Tennessee, Mississippi, Louisiana, Tennessee, daring all sorts of expo- Washington, Pennsylvania, Ohio, Illi· sures and privations. He urged suc- nois and Indiana, etc. But when cessfuliy the formation of a Bible soci- thirty such were already existing he ety in New Orleans, to help supply the felt the need of a Natiollal society to appalling destitution of the Word of blend denominations in one; and, in God he found there. Returning 1816, the American Bible Society was through Georgia, he and his compan- the outcome, uniting seven denomina- ion, Schermerhorn, investigated the tions in its support. Thus a young condition of the Indian tribes, within man of thirty-three had become a na- a year traversing nearly every state tional leader in the Christian work of and territory in the Union, swimming his generJ-tion. The spy had returned his horse over swollen creeks, sleep- to report the nakedness of the land, ing on the decks of flatboats and and its promise of opportunity, and,

71 BEACON LIGHTS OF MISSIONARY HISTORY 57

instead of being stoned, he found a channel. When "African colonizaresponsive people to go up and possess tion" plans took shape in 1817, at it. And yet, still the same modest, re- Washington, Mills sped to the capital tiring man, when the day of the or- and gave .his signature to the scheme. ganization came, he was seated in the He threw himself into this plan, gallery behind the audience, the un- and with voice and pen advocated it, recognized leader, his face, however, himself volunteering to visit Africa beaming with the light of accomplished and prospect for a site on the west plans for God and of larger hopes. . coast for the proposed colony.

In 1815, he was set apart for the In November, with Professor Burnllmstry, with five others. Four gess, of the Un~versity of Vermont, he months later all, except Mills, sailed sailed, imprest that he was no,¥ unfor Ceylon. Again the pioneer was dertaking the "most important enterleft at home-to fan the flame. He prise" he had ever engaged in. The was never idle. He went to work now fact that the colonization scheme has in New York City slums, as colporteur never ,succeeded is immaterial. Success and visitor, still scattering. the Word is not God's criterion tho it is man's. of God and sowing the seed of the No man ever met so overwhelming a Gospel. He found the seamen desti- defeat as Noah, whose century of wittute and a Marine Bible Society was ness seems to have won not a single formed. He heard of the needs of convert. Yet he was doing God's South America and made overtures to work and is reckoned among the hego himself. He was prime mover in roes of faith and has a conspicuous methe formation of the "United Foreign morial in that "Hall of Fame" of Old llissionary Society" in 1818, for the Testament saints-the eleventh of Heblending of Presbyterian and kindred brews. churches in work, particularly for the Indians and other needy peoples of the The voyage had well-nigh proved vVestern world. disastrous, but the Electra reached the harbor of St. Malo with masts, sails, His plans for going to the neglected shrouds and anchors gone. At Loncontinent of South America failed, don, Mills and Burgess consulted with and now he turned to another and missionary leaders, liKe the leaders of even darker continent-Africa-in the Church Missionary Society, the whose service his last days were to be Governor of Sierra Leone, and philanspent. He had already been busy over thropists like Wilberforce; and armed problems of education and Bible in· with letters of introduction, they took struction for the blacks in the South, ship again in February, 1818, and where he found not a few who anchored in the river Gambia, six boldly declared that the blacks weeks later.. have no souls. Dr. Samuel Hopkins, of Newport, had for twenty Mills, in his letters, several times or thirty years bee~ urging the hinted that he might "die in Africa," education and commission of Af- and that his bones might take possesricans as missionaries to their own sion of this promised land as a pledge people in the Dark Continent, and had of the final sway of his Master there; turned Mills' mind in the same And it looks as tho some presenti- ment were present to his mind that b

might never return to America. From erra Leone in May after an absence the ·Gambia river they hastened on to of two months, and, after three weeks Sierra Leone in the brig Success. more, embarked for the United States. A fortnight later Mills was attacked Sierra Leone was a favorable spot by fever; shortly consumption develto study the possibilities of an African oped-a disease which showed its colony. One-sixth of the population symptoms before he had left home, were already in schools which would and ,which the exposures of travel had be an ornament to any country; and prepared for a speedy and fatal issue. a revival had been in progress which, On June IS, r8I8, with his hands foldat the end of Johnson's "seven years,"* ed over his breast in prayer, Sambrought almost the whole population uel J. Mills closed his eyes on an Atof Regent's Town into organized lantic sunset; to open them on the forms of industry, morality, and, in Eternal Sunrise. The body of an hefact, a model Christian community. roic man, who had planned and at- tempted great things for God, rests in Encouraged by what they saw and the great deep until the sea gives up heard, Mills and his companion made her dead. a tour of the coast, stopping at the Banana Islands, Sherbro, and various Every narrative carries its own points on the mainland. They were moral deductions. We are content to especially struck with the Bagroo affix to this remarkable life-story no country as a favorable site for the col- "Haec tabula doce!." It bristles with ony, and spent five weeks in exploring lessons, and no thoughtful reader will and palavering. Burgess came down fail to feel their point and pungency. with African fever. They reached Si- URGENT CALLS FROM THE MISSION FIELD BY REV. HOWARD AGNEW JOHNSTON, D. D.t When the Apostle Paul, in his vi- not asking us to go, but to come into sion of Europe's need, heard the men cooperation with them as they do the of Macedonia appealing for help, he very things they ask us to help them immediately realized that God was accomplish in larger measure. Recalling to him, and obeyed. To-day cently a program was headed by the the emphasis must be constant and phrase, "The Church Behind the V01emphatic that our God is calling to unteer." His people from the places of the world's greatest need. Moreover, It is a blessed fact that the Church God is not only calling to-day in the is giving increasing support to the need of these fields, but He is making men on the firing-line, yet we may that call stronger by speaking through fairly use the phrase in another way the lives of His sent ones who are and say the Church is altogether too far behind the volunteer, who is call- • See .. Seven Years in Sierra I,eone," by the writer. Publlsh~ by F. H. Revell. t Doctor Johnston has recently returned from a world tour of evangelism, which has been grtv.t1y blest to the missionaries and the native churches.-nDITORS.

I907] URGENT CALLS FROM THE MISSION FIELD

ing for more vigorous and more loyal in order that ye shall ask whatsoever efforts to enlarge and strengthen the ye will of my Father and it shall be work of the kingdom all along the done unto you." The clear statement line. of our Lord is here given us that I. The Call for a More Victorious His highest thought for the Chris- Praycr Life. Within recent years the tian's fullest and richest growth is distinctive gift of eJOd to mission fields that we shall realize the victorious life has been a revelation of the power of prevailing prayer with God. How and value of vict<;>rious prayer. It is many would have written that? Just sometimes forgotten that the distinct- that is the way of increasing power ive promise of God through the with God and with men. He calls prophet of old was to pour out "the us to this life with a new and inspiring spirit of grace and supplication upon emphasis from mission fields to-day.

all flesh." The particular gift of II. The Call for More Mell. Here grace is to be a :;pirit of prayer in the again the call is made concrete by the lives of His people. Many earnest devoted lives who are already facing missionaries, after years of service, overwhelming demands in the ripe have learned much about prayer in harvest fields of immortal souls who every part of Asia and in central Af- need Christ. One who has been privi- rica. The supreme place of the min- leged to visit these fields and to see istry of intercession has been realized how overburdened the workers are, as never before. God is daily doing and how many open doors call loudly marvelous things in direct answer to for the Gospel" feels a great tug of prayer, and a living expectation from pain at the heart because so few are I-lim energizes the prayer of true faith answering the call, as compared to in many hearts. Cleansed lives are the numbers needed. Lonely and he- coming from the room of prayer, in a roic men and women, thankful for vivid appreciation of the teaching of the privilege of laboring together God's Word that the victory in pray- with God in this divine task of re- er is only possible for the pure heart. deeming a lost world, look out over Therefore, the voluminous teaching the millions who hear no Gospel mes- of God's Word concerning the prayer- sage, and cry, "How long, 0 Lord, life is being made luminous in a spe- how long!"

cial way in these days by God's work What is the explanation of the in His Church in mission lands. Who inadequate response to this clear call will question that the Church in Chris- of God? One need not seek far tian lands is in sore need of this same in order to discover it. On every blessing? If Christians were asked to side the self-seeking spirit dominates, specify their idea as to what is while the self-sacrificing spirit dies.

Christ's highest thought for them, Christ's heart of love is pleading with probably a variety of answers would an indescribable hunger for a re- be given. His statement is in John sponsive love such as Paul knew. Re- IS: 16, "Ye have not chosen me, but cently a prominent church-member I have chosen you and appointed you said to his pastor: "I want to be a that ye should go and bring forth Christian, but I do not want to be the fruit, and that your fruit shot1ld abide, kind that Paul was." Just so ! We

will take the love of Christ with its The cost was sixty yen, or thirty doldivine blessings; but when He asks lars gold. A small sum we would us to love Him in return and prove it think, but to them quite equal to thirty by "feeding His Iambs and His sheep," thousand gold for the average comwe turn a deaf heart to his plea. To- munity at home. The women brought day, as never before, because the needs such moneys as they had, and their are marked by nlOre favorable op- jewelry as well, while some even portunities to meet them, God is caIl- brought one or two of the brass cooking for men and women to enter the ing utensils from their little kitchens, great ripe harvest fields. Who will and bought the lot! Does not joyous go? self-denial like that, revealing a true love for Christ and His Gospel, put III. The Call for a Greater alld us to shame in our selfish complacency More JaYaHS Self-denial. Could our and indifference? comfortable American, who never dreams of making the slightest differ- IV. The Call for More Faithful ence in his Sunday dinner on the day Witnesses for Christ. The last words when the offering for the world-wide of our Lord make it evident that His spread of the Gospel is made by his immediate thought for His Church unchurch, only see the clean little huts der the leadership of His Holy Spirit in which thousands of Christians live was that it should be a witnessing in Asia and Africa, denying them- church. But our record for many selves what we would deem the neces- years compels us to confess that we sities of life in order to have a native are not a witnessing church in any evangelist or Bible-woman maintained adequate sense. The average annual in their village, he would catch a new addition to the Christian Church in VISIOn of that hungering of soul America is 7 per cent. When you which has just learned tha~ there is subtract from .that I1tlmber the chilreally a Bread of life that satisfies dren who came into the Church and saves. through the nurture of the home and the Sunday-school, YOlt have taken ,off Yonder in Korea the missionaries three of the seven. That is, for every at Seoul received a request from a vil- one hundred ministers, officers and lage not far away to establish a numbers in the Church there are ollly preaching station there. The peti- foltr people won to Christ out of the tioners promised to build a chapel if world in a :year! What a record! It their request should be granted. can only mean that thousands of Knowing the real poverty of the vil- Christians whose narnes are on church lage, the mission realized how deep rolls are doing nothing to win any the desire must be for a preacher if one to Christ. such a condition were proposed. The request was granted. While the Last year in Korea no station remen were saving money to build ported fewer than 50 per cent. gain, the chapel, a desirable lot was and some reported a gain of IOO per discovered as available. The women cent. And this represents the active rose up and said they would buy the service of the 'rank and file in the lot. When told it would be impossible, church-membership, not simply the work of the missionaries and leaders. they insisted upon their ability to do it.

URGENT CALLS FROM THE MISSION FIELD

At the great gatherings of Christians not only elevated the people to whom in Korea for instruction by their it was given, but also purified and leaders, they are trained to_ go out strengthened those who were its mes- and be intelligent witnesses for Christ. sengers.

Recently a company of church-mem- One recent instance in Japan is sig- bers stated that they often felt like nificant. Last January a major in the attempting personal work, but they Japanese army united with one of the did not know how; their pastor had Christian churches in Tokyo, and never done anything to train them in made the following statement in sub- this form of Christian service. But stance: He had long ago repUdiated in Korea they are definitely trained Buddhism as unworthy of his re- for this service. At the close of those spect, for he. had seen its fruits. He meetings the people pledge them- had been studying the ethics of Con- selves to give as much time as possi- fucius, a'S being the best of which he ble to go out and witness for Christ knew; but during that time he had in villages where the Gospel is not continued in the life of sin. A friend known. They plan their business so interesJed him in the reading of the as to go for a few days at a time, Gospels. The change wrought in his making a total of several weeks in the life was a constant source of wonder course of a year. And they save the to him. The power of the life and money with which to pay their ex- truth of Jesus had actually changed penses in this blessed service! Hence, the desires of his heart, until he had the difference between 100 per cent. forsaken the life of sin, and had ac- there and 7 per cent. at home! Shall cepted Christ as his Savior.

we be willing to allow this disparity This man had faced death and des- to continue? tiny on the plains of Manchuria, and V. The Inspiring Call to Enthu- had been fighting for Japan. He siasm in Obedience to the Calls Al- knew that military supremacy or com- ready 1'.1entioned in the Blessed mercial prosperity would never solve Fruits Already Reali:::ed. Victory in Japan's problem, for its moral life the progress of a great war is the must be cleansed. Now he knows that irresistible call for needed recruits in Jesus Christ has the solution for order to attain a final and complete Japan's problem, as He has for every triumph. And this is God's call to-day people–a solution which neither III every other summons to His Buddha nor Confucius dmever give.

Church. One does not need to cata- It is just such victories that work the log the trophies of God's grace III progress of the Gospel everywhere.

order to emphasize this call. For in Who can suggest an investment of life every land the story is amazing, in that would bring returns comparable spite of the inadequate force and in- with such blessed results of service as sufficient equipment. It was David this ? Years ago a prophet of God Livingstone who said that the con- heard His call: "Who will go for us, clusive evidence of trye divine origin' and whom shall we send?" May the of Christianity was in the fact that numbers be multiplied of those loyal the Gospel, tho i.t was given to men men and women who will say, each through unworthy human instruments, one: "Here am I: send me l"

MISSIONARY NOTE IN THE WORLD'S SUNDAY-

SCHOOL CONVENTION AT ROME BY REV. J. P. DUNLOP The official letter-head of the The gathering may be said to have World's Fifth Sunday-school Conven- developed its missionary character be- tion bore on its upper left-hand corner fore it opened. For the majority of a miniature map of the two hemi- the American delegates the Conven- spheres with the words "Our Field" tion began two weeks before it above it, and under it the sentence opened. We had Convention all the which has become the watchword of way across the Atlantic aild through the Forward Movement for Missions the Mediterranean on the two Sunday- in more than one American church: school ships Romallic and N eckar.

"It is the business of the whole Church Both ships called at Ponta Dalgada to give the Gospel to the whole world in the Azores and at Gibraltar and Al- as speedily as possible." Few, how- giers; and at Ponta Delgada and Al- ever, who used or saw that letter-head . giers the majority of the delegates or who read on the first page of the had their first contact, on the ground, Convention program, "Theme: The with foreign mission work. For not Sunday-school and the Great Commis- a few that little contact brought for- sion," could have prophesied that the eign missions down out of the clouds Rome Convention would be to the de- for the first time in their lives. They gree that it actually was, a missionary realized the actuality of missions, and convention. At the clDsing meeting their attitude will never again be the one brother gave his experience as skeptical one that is still shamefully follows: "I thoug)1t I was going to common in our churches and Sunday- attend a Sunday-school convention, schools. At Algiers we found a de- but I have not done so. It has been voted band of English women with the greatest missionary convention I some French and native Arab assist- have ever attended." The missionary ants. They kept open house for the note sounded again and again in the Americans and Canadi;ms the two most unexpected places. Dr. Campbell days we were there, and explained Morgan, in his great convention ser- their hard Moslem field and its prob- mon on "Suffer the little children to lems, their difficulties, sorrows, and come unto Me," broke in in an almost joys to all who were interested; and inconsequential way with this strong some who went with no interest what- missionary sentence: "I always feel ever, but simply because the crowd in the hour of great conventions when went, came away from that dingy we are singing our victories, that it is house through the dark, narrow lanes well for some one to remind us of our of the Arab quarter with tears in failures. Jesus said, 'Ye shall be wit- their eyes and a new allegiance in nesses unto Me unto the uttermost part their hearts to Christ's work for the of the earth.' Brethren, we are not world. Nor was it a passing senti- there yet. I thank God that this great mental sympathy. The keen, dead-inconvention has the missionary note at earnest busin~ss men who have been its center." the moving spirits in this Convention

WORLD'S SUNDAY-SCHOOL CONVENTION AT ROME

from long before it started know as twenty-five years past has carwell as old Shakespeare did that ried on a widely scattered work "Spirits are not finely touched but to for the Portuguese in Madeira, the fine issues," and to assure a fine is- Azores, the United States and Portu- gal, came from the last-named coun- try; a Portuguese pastor, Mr. Roddig- nez, was brought on in the N eckar from the Azores. and one of the Eng- lish women, Miss Trotter, from Al- giers ; anel others were present from J ernsalem, from Tarsus, from Bohemia, from Austria, from Egypt. Missionaries from Japan and India, on their way home on furlough, were present. Half a dozen Egyp- tians in red fezzes were a con- spicuous group at all the meet- ings. And there was Principal Cotelingham, of tTarcllaw College, Bellary, India, with a blacker face than Dr. J. E . Shepherd, the princi- ARAB YOUTH IN ALGIERS sue to the sympathy ronsed en route OLD AGE IN ALGIERS they opened a fund for a new work in North Africa, and before the Con- pal negro representative present; and vention closed the announcement was few of the speakers attained to the made that that fund had already standard of pure, strong English or passed the $25,000 mark.

Arriving in Rome we found that the first of all the meetings, bdore the official opening, was a reception given by the principal officers of the Convention to the foreign missionaries present. And I ought to say that most generous plans had been made to secure the attendance of missionaries from all the nearer mission fields. Bishop Hartzell came from Madeira; Rev. H. M. Wright, who, -";ogether with his saintly sisters, for e lectro nic fil e created by cafis.org

of moving spiritual eloquence set by Help me the slaV' of heart to move these two men of color. "Messages By some clear, winning word of love' from the Field" were a feature of all Teach me the wayward feet to stay, ' the general sessions, and there were And guide them in the homeward way. missionary messages from the countries already named and from Sweden, and Miss Havergal's Norway, Russia, Bulgaria, Hungary, South America, Hawaii and Korea. Lord, speak to me that I may speak In living echoes of Thy tone; Mr. Frank L. Brown, of Brooklyn, N. Y., was just returning from a most As Thou hast sought, so let me seek important tour in Japan and the Thy erring children, lost and lone. Philippines where he had helped to organize the work on a substantial Addresses setting forth the modern basis. His message was strong and developments in Sunday-school work hopeful. showed that all these developments-' Cradle Roll, Home Department, Class But the missionary note pealed out Organization and others-are of a in all the addresses and songs and missionary character. One speaker prayers and legislation of the Con- graphically illustrated the missionary vention. spirit of the scholars in an up-to-date Bible class. A member reports in The report of the Committee on Ob- class a new arrival in town or in the ject and Policy, enthusiastically adopt- neighborhood. There is a motion ed, recommended a more formal and that he be admitted as a member. It permanent organization, to be called is seconded and carried. "Who will the World's Sunday-school Associa- go to-morrow and ask him?" Some tion. This legislation provided for the one volunteers, and his name is recontinuance or initiation of movements corded. "Who will go on Tuesday?" to stimulate and develop Sunday- "On Wednesday?" and so on to Satschool work in India, China, Korea, urday. "Who will bring him on Sun- Japan and the Philippine Islands, the day?" A big Texan with a voice Indian work to be supported by the away down under the table says, "I British section of the World's Sunday- will." "If he doesn't come?" Oh, school Association, the China work another seven are appointed for the by the combined British and Amer- next week, and the next, and the next, ican sections, and the enterprise in till he comes, or goes to another Japan, Korea and the Philippines to school, or to another city, or dies. Anbe undertaken by the American sec- other illustration told of a newcomer tion. who responded to an invitation, "Yes, I'm coming. You are the fiftieth man The verses which, of all sung at who has asked me this week." the many sessions en route and at Rome, seemed most truly to express With this spirit coming to the front the heart of the delegates were Wash- in modern Sunday-schools, is it any ington Gladden's wonder that they take kindly to the forward movement for missions when o Master, let me walk with Thee it is fairly presented to them? A Scotch superintendent of a London In lowly paths of service free; Sunday-schoo1, Mr. A. C. Munro, who Tell me Thy secret, help me bear The strain of toil, the fret of care.

introduced. himself with the pleasant missionary movement was the 'Reaphorism, "A Scotchman is never so much at home as when he is abroad," gions Beyond,' why he traversed conrelated how his school in "Poor Peckham," one of the meaner districts of tinents, crossed seas,' entered into London, by the adoption of systematic, perils on perils. While anywhere thorough forward movement methods, had increased their, givings for all there was a human being without the purposes from $384 in 1898 to $2,- 005 in 190(i, the great bulk being for knowledge of Christ, he was in debt."

missions, home and foreign. Their And his conclusion, with the splentotal givings have been $14,856 in the epl.agsnt emigI.hsts.Iyoenasr.s, $11,349 being for for- did missionary verses that 'ought to But the most stirring bugle-call of be printed in every Christian paper all was in Campbell Morgan's remarkable sermon on "The Great Apostle." and church calendar again and again It was a study of Paul's character till the whole Church believes and based on some of t:le incidental anel almost unconscious utterances found acts on them, was as follows: in his letters. Doctor Morgan selected "We can not have this Christ life the following: within us without having clear vi- "Now that I am become a man, I have put away childish things." sion, and without having driving com- "I conferred not with flesh and blood," passion, and without having the dy- "I know how to be abased, and I know also how to abound." namic which makes us mighty. We "I am debtor-I am ready-I am not ashamNI." can not have Christ within us and 'be "I could wish that I myself were anathema fr0111 Christ for my brethren's sake." parochial. He overleaps the boundaries "I resisted him to the face." "I must also see Rome." of parish, society and nation, and His Speaking on the cluster of quota- clear vision takes in the whole world. tions from Romans, first chapter, he said: "I am debtor-the Gospel is a If Christ be in us we shall see with deposit which I hold in trust. I am ready-the G~spel is an equipment, His eyes, feel' with H is heart, be driven so that I am able to discharge my debt. I am not ashamed-the Gospel with His very compassion. is a glory, so that if I come to imperial Rome, sitting on its Seven "'If I have eaten my morsel alone!' I-lills, I shall delight to preach the The patriarch spoke in scorn; Gospel there also. In each case the personal emphasis reveals the sense of What would he think of the Church were responsibility. 'I am debtor'-there he shown you touch the driving power of the Heathendom, huge, forlorn, man's life. You find why he could Godless Christians with soul unfed, not rest, why the very motto of his Vhile the Church's ailment is fulness of bread, Eating her morsel alone?

"'I am debtor alike to the Jew and the Greek,'

The mighty Apostle cried; Traversing continents, souls to seek, For the love of the Crucified. Centuries, centuries since have sped; Millions are famishing-we have bread, But we eat our morsel alone, "Ever of them who have largest dower Shall heaven require the more.

Ours is affluence, knowledge, power, Ocean from shore to shore; And East and Vest in our cars have said, Give us, give us your living bread, Yet we eat our morsel alone, "'Truly as we have received, so give,' lIe bade who hath given us alL How shall the soul in tiS longer live, Deaf to their starving call; For whom the blood of the Lord was shed, And His body broken to give them Bread, ,If we eat our morsel alone?"

HEADQUARTERS OF THE CHRISTIAN ~ELIGION"

TWENTY.roURTH SESSION OF THE INTERNATIONAL MISSIONARY UNION "Where can, I find the headquarters estant Episcopal Church at Ogontz, of the Christian religion?" asked a Pa. Also Rev. William P. Swartz, of Japanese soldier on returning to the First Presbyterian Church of Tokyo from the front of battle, where Poughkeepsie, N. Y., and Rev. J.

he had received a New Testament and Sumner Stone, M.D., of New York learned something of Christ. The re- City, both of whom were formerly en- ply was: "The headquarters of the gaged in missionary service in India.

Christian religion are in heaven, not It is quite impossible to reproduce down here, but there are Christian the feast of good things which; for churches in Tokyo and missionaries a whole week, were served by repre- and other Christian workers who will sentatives from every quarter of the gladly tell you of the things of Christ." globe. Noone could hear the reports Anyone looking in on the more than of these representatives of various a hundred missionaries who were sections of the country without reali- gathered at Clifton Springs recently zing that the missionary enterprise is might have supposed that this was gaining momentum in every direction.

none other than the "headquarters of / Three times a day services were the Christian religion." For had they held, always with good audiences.

not gathered from every quarter of The spiritual influence of such a gath- the globe of various nations and de- ering can not be reported, but it was nominations? Nowhere else in the a delightful opportunity for many world, it is safe to say, is it possible who have been isolated to meet and to gain such a panoramic view of compare experiences with others en- the progress of the Kingdom of gaged in the same work.

Christ throughout all the earth. The missionaries introduced them- On the opening evening, the Worlel selves as was their usual custom. One Survey was given by the vice-presi- hundred and ten of these were re- dent, Mr. David McConaughy. Doc- ported. Those present rep.resented tor Gracey, who has been president thirteen countries: Africa, Assam, from the first, is now in the evening Burma, Bulgaria, Ceylon, all parts of of his life, anel his whole heart is China anel India, Japan, Malaysia, wrapt up in this organization, with Philippine Islands. Siam, Turkey, ami its many ties, extending to all quarters Persia.

of the globe. Among others who took The Memorial Service im active part in the management on At the Memorial service, brief trib- this year's committee is Rt. Rev. C. C. utes were given to nineteen members Penick, D.D., formerly Bishop of the on the roll of the Union, who have Protestant Episcopal Church in Af- passed to join the Church Triumph- rica, and Rev. J. Thompso~ Cole, who, ant during the past year.

after a term of missionary service in Among these were women like Miss Japan, became Secretary of the Isabella Nassau, who taught the girls Church Missionary Society in Amer- in Corisco, West Africa, itinerated in ica, and is now Rector of the Prot- the Owega Country with her crew of boys in the Evangeiilie, and who was of Turkey, told of preparatory work famous for having spent many years among the Moslems. Mrs. Abbey, of in training young men for the min- China, spoke of preparatory work istry in that country. Lucy Guinness done among Moslems in China where Kumm, a daughter of Dr. H. Grattan it has been found for centuries past.

Guinness, of London, was found by Rev. Dr. Bliss, late of the Palestine Doctor Kumm as a missionary far up Exploration Fund, gave an account the Nile. At the time of her death of the work among the Mohammedans she was writing a book on the Sudan. at the Syrian Protestant College at Rev. G. L. Whiting was in the Siege Beirut, of which his father, Dr. Daniel of Peking, and Miss Isabella Watson miss, was founder.

had been for thirty-nine years con- The Woman's Meeting nected with Karen Mission in Burma, where hundred of girls had come un- The Woman's meeting held on der her training. Mrs. Gamewell was Friday afternoon and presided over the first missionary setit by the Meth- by Mrs. J. T. Gracey was crowded odist Woman's Foreign Missionary with good things. The women who Society to China. took part represented the Southern Baptist Church, the Methodist Episco- It is needless to speak of John Gib- pal Church, Baptist Missionary Union, son Paton, "Apostle of the New Heb- Congregational, China Inland and rides," who was a member of the Presbyterian Mission Boards. Miss Union. When Doctor Pease died he Holland, an English missionary for was laboring on the translation of the eighteen years in Japan, self-support- Bible into the language of the Gilbert ing all these years, told of her work Islands. Time would fail us to tell among the factory girls-an independof all who went Home during the past ent work which was of great interest. year. They represented a combined She had prepared a literature for service of over four hundred years on these girls, also for the children. the foreign field. There is a custom of presenting at The Moslem World the Union each year all women who There were representatives present have been in .foreign service over who had been at the Moslem Confer- twenty-five years. This year there ence. Some had come from the Philip- were twelve who had spent some pines, – while others were assembled thirty, forty, and one who had been in from India and more distant parts of service fifty years.

Asia and different parts of Africa. "The Opportunity and Responsibil- The next assembly of this sort is set ity of Work by Women for Women in down for Lucknow, India, where the the Speedy Evangelization of the gathering may be !1trger, tho it will World" was the topic for the afternoon scarcely be more ecumenical than that session, and talks were given by. Miss of Egypt. Carrie E. Bostick and Miss Agnes Parts of the Moslem world were Gibson, of China; Miss l M. Holland considered at Clifton Springs by Rev. and Mrs. F. S. Bronson, of Japan; Mr. Valentine, of the Philippines, and Mrs. A. S. Kugler, M.D., and Miss Mr. Chandler, of India. Miss Webb, Clap M. Organ, of India; Mrs. J. S.

Stone, who has just returned from the China India Jubilee; .Miss Eva C. Stark, of Burma; Miss Emily C. Wheeler, of In considering China there were Turkey; and Dr. H. C. Stuntz, of the those present who had had large ex- Dhilippines. perience in educational schemes in that country. All were more or less Africa. Korea and Other Countries occupied also with the great changes which were taking place in that land. Bishop Penick, of the Protestant Episcopal Church, presided over sev- While the Union was in session, eral sessions, and was an important those present received leti:ers which factor in the Board of Control. The showed the "Duke" had come from Rev. Clinton C. Boone, of the Amer- his home to Peking to have imperial ican Baptist Missionary union, for six audience with regard to the Memorial years stationed on the Kongo, repre- University with which he is to be consented that part of Africa. The Phil- nected, and which is to be established ippines were spoken of by Rev. Mr. at the birthplace of Confucius. He Underwood, Rev. Homer C. Stt)l1tz, was received in state and carried into and Rev. G. A. Miller. Rev. Mr. the "Forbidden City" in a yellow chair Walkup, of Micronesia, where h~ was in which none but the emperor has formerly commander of The Hiram been allowed to ride. He said recently Bingham, told, among other things, of "in audience" that if the university the Pacific and its future. was to hold its own, modern learning must be taught and modern methods Korea and Japan were taken up and must be used. He had petitioned that he testimony borne to the revival in the be allowed to go to foreign countries little "buffer" state which is bei:"::; per- like Japan, England and America to secuted by the Japanese. Rev. Dr. enter upon a study of the plans Stone, a visiting missionary, in a adopted regarding education. round-the-'world trip which .c had recently completed, said that he was Most missionaries do not look for imprest during his stay in Korea with the speedy conversion of the Empire this tyranny, as it seemed to him, of as a whole. "China for the Chinese" the Koreans exercised by the Jap- does not mean what many persons anese. Doctor Stuntz in his several seem to think, one religion for all the addresses "depicted most vividly the country, for such would mean the conoppressions and priYations of the vers·ion of Moslems as well as others, people of the Islands under Spanish rule, the present eagerness for Bible and their idea of the "family" is opinstruction, and our peculiar respon- posed to Chinese ideas. sibility in view of the 'dead-ripeness' of the field for evangelistic fruits." The needs of the work 1!1 China were outlined by Miss Carrie E. Rev. G. A. Miller, formerly pastor at Bostick and Mrs. R. E. Abbey. Short talks were also giyen by Mrs. A. Dous- Manila, confirmed his statements, and added to the information regarding ley, Miss Agne~'Gibs~n, Mrs. J. Jerethe situation in those islands. . miassen, Rev. E. G. Tewksbury, and others who have recently returned from the field. All agreed that one of

HEADQUARTERS OF THE CHRISTIAN

the chief hindrances to China's evan- its own representative in Peking; the gelization is the lack of workers. University of Pennsylvania in Can- ton; while Oberlin College continues The Force its work in Shansi as for a score of years past. One of the most enthusiastic mo- ments at the gathering was when Miss One of the missionaries recalled Bostick, of the Southern Baptist Con- from Changechitung some years ago vention, told of a leading lawyer who sent a telegram directing that the pledged himself for $50,000, pay- houses which had been erected for able in yearly instalments through hospital work in Nodoa, on the island ten years for foreign miSSions, of Hainan, should be razed to the which was responded to by oth- ground. Within the past year he has er members when they came to un- written a book on Christianity which derstand the proposition, who gave reveals a most sympathetic attitude. amounts ranging from $2,000 a year to $600 (the amount necessary to sup- David McConaughy presided at the port one missionary), and this for ten farewell service in the evening when years. The total amount in ten or the thirty-four outgoing missionaries fifteen minutes aggregated $136,000. were seated on the platform. A few words regarding their fields were Speaking of the independence of the spoken by each, and the farewell ad- Japanese churches, Mr. Sanford, of dress given by Mrs. Foster. This the American Board, declares, "It was closed the twenty-fourth annual gatha triumph to lose them." He predicts ering of the Union, during which over that within twenty-five years there one hundred and twenty-five missionwill be no more need of missionaries aries from all parts of the world were being sent from the West to that land. entertained. With increasing independence, the spirit of evangelization is likewise The officers of the International growing. Even Admiral,Togo could Missionary Union for next year are: not have been given a greater ovation J: T. Gracey, president; David Mcthan was accorded General Booth on his recent visit, a:;; many as 30,000 Conaughy, vice-president; Mrs. H. J. Japanese waiting at the railway station to welcome the Salvation Army Bostwick, corresponding secretary; leader. J. Sumner Stone, M.D., secretary; C P. W. Merritt, M.D., treasurer; Mrs. In Burmah, where Judson labored C. P. W. Merritt, librarian. for seven years before winning his first convert, last year there were no The next session of the International fewer than 7,000 baptized. Among Missionary Union in June, 1908, will the tribes of that country, where six be the twenty-fifth meeting· of that years ago there was not a Christian, organization, and it is proposed to obnow there are 5,000. serve it as an anniversary. The Union was formed under a constitu- In China the American college men tion at Niagara Falls, Canada, and are having no small part in the regen- from the beginning has been internaeration of that old Empire, Yale seek- tional and pan-denominational within ing to reproduce itself in the Hunan evangelical lines. None but missionprovince; Princeton standing behind aries are eligible to take part in dis- cussions except by invitation.

BRAHMAN HIGH PRIEST AND HIS .. SCHOOL

THE PROPHETS"

BY REV. J.COn CHAMBERLAIN, M.D., LL.D. Author of II The Tiger Jungle," "The Cobra's Den," Etc.

All through the country we mission- the walled town of Chintamanipet.

aries go, presenting Jesus Christ as Ve had been told that on an eminence the "Light of the World"; as the only in the northern part of the city was a Savior from sin, who can and will save famous school for training young all mankind if they will only accept Brahmans as priests, with a noted Him as their Savior. We meet with Brahman high priest at its head.

varied receptions and have to present Pitching our camp in the morning, the truth in different ways to different we had remained through the heat of audiences of different grades of intel- that August day in our tent under the ligence and diverse attitudes of mind. grateful mango shade, and when the We endeavor never to abuse their sun began to approach the western gods nor needlessly to attack their sys- horizon we, with our native assist- tems, as an angry man will not listen ants, went through the gates to the to, nor take in the truth. We seek to market-place in the cel1ter of the city, present with courtesy and kindness and taking our position on the wide and love a higher truth than any they stone steps on its north side, we to- have, satisfied that if that truth finds gether sang a rallying Gospel song to an entrance their system will go. If one of their favorite old Telugu tunes.

specious objections are brought for- Reading from the Word of God, we ward, we sometimes have to turn aside began to preach to the large throng and answer those before they will lis- that had assemqled, on God, and man, ten to the truth. and sin, and redemption.

Occasionally we are received with The audience were listening atten- real courtesy, but more often we are tively as we were speaking of the na- treated at first with scorn-and some- ture of sin, and how it could be gotten times with real abuse. Weare obliged rid of, when down the street leading to vary the weapons we use according from the Acropolis, on which stood to such utilized by those who attack the "school of the prophets," we saw us, always having at hand, however, approaching a venerable Brahman the whole panoply of God to draw priest in his robes, surrounded by upon as needed; for the missionary in some thirty young Brahmans who a close place does often reverently seemed to be his disciples.

recognize the fulfilment of the Savior's Slowly approaching us through the promise in Mark 13: I I: "For it is crowd who made way for him with his not ye that speak but the Holy Spirit." disciples, he came up to within a little Two of us missionaries were on a distance of the market steps upon preaching tour in the Telugu country, which we were standing, and making and had gone into a native state in a snort of utter scorn, which the Brah- that part where missionaries had man knows how to do with emphasis, then never before preached, and had he addrest us : "Yes, talk to us about pitched our tents under a mango grove, sin do you, you old beef-eaters, you just outside of the chief city gate of revilers of our gods?"

1907J THE BRAHMAN HIGH

"We have not been reviling your the character of th~ act. The sin is gods, my venerable friend," replied the same; it can only be intensified if one of the missionaries. "Ask these one takes such life for his own bene- people who have been listing to us. fit or convenience, or to save him But we have been courteously talking trouble."

about the matter that is of the highest "My venerable friend! You know import on earth or in heaven to every not into what a position this puts you.

man that lives, and we desire to go on If this be true, and you wish to avoid and speak further of that matter heinous sin, you have but one thing which concerns you and your disciples to do. You must very cautiously and as well as those "that were listing. circumspectly pick your way home and But since you have interrupted us we spread down your mat and lie down will, before resuming, ask you a few on it and expire, for you can not live questions. another day without committing mor- "You charge us with being beef- tal sin-yes, multitudes of such sins."

eaters as the most heinous of sins. "Why, how it that?" said he, quite Now will you very kindly tell us in startled.

exactly what the heinousness of that "I will tell you. It is now approach- consists? Is it in the taking away ing sunset. As you turn to go back from a creature the principal of life, to your abode the sunset-ants will be with which it has been endowed by the running in myriads over the streets as Creator?-for while we are not our- is their wont for their evening meal; selves in the habit of killing and eat- and, walk as carefully as you may, you ing beef, we acknowledge that most will step upon some of them and crush English people m India do so and we them. When you reach your home should like to know just in what the your wife will spread down your di- essence of the sin consists. Is it in the ning-mat upon the floor and place your depriving a living being of the princi- evening meal upon it, and you will sit pal of life with which it has been en- down to eat, and in doing so you will dowed by its Creator?" inevitably crush some of the many in- "Yes, that is just it; you Europeans sects which unseen by your wife were take life and eat the dead animal just upon the floor when she spread the to satisfy your own appetite." mat down. But, far worse than that, "I understand," said the missionary, in cooking that delicious pot of rice "the real sin consists in depriving a and curry, your wife had used many living creature of life. Now does it dried bratties. Now, as we all know, make any difference how large or how bratties are made from rice husks small that animal is? Is the s,in any coarsely mixed with cow dung and more heinous if one kills an elephant stuck up on the wall in the sun to than if he kills a calf?" dry. Into their interstices multitudes "N0, not at all; the act is the same." of small insects crawl to avoid the heat "You are sure, are you, that the sin of the sun, and remain in their hiding- is the same whatever be the size of the places when the bratties are dried.

living thing? I wish to be clear on Your wife took those dried bratties to that point." boil your rice and thus your evening "Yes, there can be no difference in meal was cooked by a holocaust of

living beings, which were sacrificed for "I admit," said the old Brahman, the delectation of your palate. Your after standing thinking for a time, wife brings to you your little brass "that you have brought forward matwater-pot for you to quench your ter for which I was not prepared. I thirst. In each drop of water are mul- must have time to look up the Vedas, titudes of infinitesimal living beings, but I will meet you here again to-moranimalcules. row at the same hour and then I am sure I can demolish you." "If you will bring a sample of your choicest drinking water to our tent to- "Very well," ~aid the missionary, morrow at midday when the sun is "we will gladly waive that matter for bright, we will show you with our the present. When you came we were magnifying lens, or microscope, hosts talking about sin and how to get rid of these infirtitesimal living beings, of it, and that, you will admit, is the these amimalcules, in each drop of most important question that can enwater. When you take that water into gage the attention of mortal man; and your stomach to quench your thirst now, my venerable friend, let us rethe gastric juice kills myriads of those sume its consideration and see if we animalcules, so that your stomach be- can not together in a kindly spirit find comes a veritable cemetery. some light upon the matter. I am going to ask you as I have asked many "You finish your supper and spread of your venerable men, what is the out your kora grass mat for the night, real meaning of the Sanskrit sl6ka and· as you lie down you crush some that you Brahmans devoutly chant as more small insects that have been un- you go to the river for your daily abluder it unperceived, and during the tions? What you chant is this, is it night each time that, in your dreams, not? (and the missionary chanted in you roll over you crush still more. No, the rich sanskrit) : my friend, you can not live another day without destroying the principal "Pap6ham papakarmaham. papatma papa of life in some living creatures, and sambhavaha, you say that it makes no difference what the size or character of the living Trahimam krupaya deva, sharana gata creature, the taking away of its life is vatsala. murder. The only thing then for you to do, if you wish to avoid what you "Is not its real meaning this (speakhave declared to be mortal sin, my ing in Telugu): 'I am a sinner; my venerable friend, is to have these, actions are sinful; my soul is .sinful; your disciples, go before you to your all that pertains to me is polluted with home, very carefully sweeping a path sin. Do thou, 0 God that hast mercy before you all the way, and spread on those who seek thy refuge, do thou down your mat and expire. I am tell- take away my sins.' " ing you what all learned men know to be true." "Yes, that is it," said he, with very evident respect for one who could cor- The venerable priest fairly gasped rectly chant the holy texts; and his as this picture was completed and his disciples looked at one another and group of rlisciples looked at each other smiled approval. with deep concern. "Now," said the missionary, "we are agreed on that point that we are all of us sinful and that we can not

BRAHMAN HIGH

of Ollr own selves get rid of our sins, could not be regarded as a white man's but must have God's help. The next religion. He was born in a land mid- great question is how to obtain that way between here and England, in help. Your own beloved poet Vemana Asia, your own continent; so that He says (intoning it in Telugu) : was more akin to you than to us."

"Tis not by roaming deserts wild nor gazing And then the missionary went on to at the sky; tell of that wonderful virgin birth, foretold by God's prophets hundreds of Tis not by bathing in the stream nor pil- years before, and for whose coming grimage to shrine; But thine own heart must thou make pure, God had prepared a people by centur- and then and then alone ies of discipline. He told of the won- Shalt tholl see Him no eye hath kenned, derful life and works and words of Jesus Christ while here upon earth- shalt tholl behold thy King.

"Now, how can our hearts be made of His deeds of love and mercy, of His so pure so that we can indeed see God? giving sight to the blind, causing the That secret has been revealed by the deaf to hear, healing the sick, raising one Great God in the Holy Bible, the the dead, and yet how He was rejected true Veda, and my ancestors have by those He had come to save; and learned it; shall I tell it to you?" how He was crucified and how He was .11 were now attentive while the buried, and how, on the morning of the missionary went on to tell them the third day, He rose again from the story of stories, the story of redeem- grav:e by His own divine power, and mg love, He told them that sin was how the soldier guard that were not, as so many regarded it, simply around the grave were so terrified that the violation of the ceremonial law, they fell to the ground as dead men, but that sin was any disobedience of and how He appeared to His disciples that only one true God who had cre- and they saw the wound-scars and ated, preserves, and blesses us, and knew for a certainty that it was indeed who alone is entitled to our perfect their Jesus risen from the dead; and obedience. He told them how, when how, after being with them for forty men had fallen into sin and lost all days, teaching them,.He took them tip harmony with God and had become on to a hill and after giving them His His enemies, that God of love deter- last command, "Go ye into all the mined Himself to save them; how world and preach this good news to God sent His own son into this world every creature," He had ascended as a divine Guru, a divine Savior, again to heaven and that He ever lives for our sins; and, opening one of the there at the right hand of God the Gospels in his hands, he read out Father to make intercession for all distinctly in the melodious Telugu: who believe in Him; and how, at the "For God so loved the world that he last day, all nations of all the earth gave his only begotten son, that who- will be gathered before Him for the soever believeth in him should not final judgment and He will separate perish but have everlasting life." the good from the bad and will take "That only begotten son of God," con- all who, in this life, have believed in tinued the missionary, "was not born Him and cried to Him for salvation in England or America, so that this from sin, and accepted Him as their

Savior-will take all such to dwell Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit with Him in heaven in eternal felicity. -three persons in one Godhead."

During this recital there was ab- "Can you explain how that is?" said sorbed silence and at its close the mis- the old priest. sionary said: "No, my friend, I frankly tell you "This, venerable friend and all who that is a 'mystery' that no human behear me, is the Christian religion ing can fully comprehend." which my people beyond the sea have received and believed; and because "How then can you believe it if you they believe it and want you to know can not understand it?" the glad tidings and share the same salvation, and in obedience to their "Because God Himself has taught Savior's last command to go into all it in the True Veda, the Holy Bible, the world and tell the news to every- which He has revealed to us. We can body, they have sent us here to tell not understand all about God. If we this best news that mortal ear has could we would dcem ourselves His heard to all you people that you, too, equals. We must take many things may be able by His help to get rid of by faith and believe them simply besin and gain heaven. It was not to cause God says so, even tho we 'can revile your gods that we came, but to not, with our finite minds, understand give you the cap-sheaf of the highest them fully. aspirations of your Vedas, your seers, your poets, who have longed to know "You, too, believe many things that of a surety how to be able to get rid you do not understand. You take a of sin, but to whom it was not then re- dry mango seed; you put it in the vealed. Do you wonder that, having ground and pour water upon it; you this good news, we were anxious to tell believe that pretty soon a tiny shoot it to you?" will appear, that it will grow up into a tree, that the tree will blossom, that The old priest was evidently much small fruits will appear, that they will touched, and so were his disciples, and grow and ripen, and that you will have continued quiet and thoughtful for delicious mangoes to eat, like the one some time. At length he spoke: whose seed you have planted. But do you understand how all this is "Sir," said he, "you read from your brought about ?-how it is that the Veda that God has sent His son into mango seed and the common earth the world that all who believe in Him with ordinary water poured upon it might be saved. Are there then two and sunshine will make that fine tree Gods, the Father and the Son? We and that delicious fruit? Do you unhave three: Brahma the creator, Vish- derstand how it is that when your nu the preserver, and Siva the de- mind feels angry or mortified your stroyer. You, it would seem, believe face becomes red and burns as yours in two. Am I right in this?" did a few minutes ago when we were talking about your going home and "N0, my friend, there is but one spreading out your mat and expiring? God, who has revealed Himself to us in the true Veda which He has given "There are myriads of mysteries all us; but He has revealed Himself as about us that no man can understand. one God in three persons: God the It is enough for us to know that God says so; especially when He teaches

THE BRAHMAN HIGH

us about Himself, and about the way body was indoors, at their meals, the to get rid of sin and come into har- missionaries noticed, as they looked mony with Himself. through the meshes of the tattie, or hanging screen at the door of their "Your great concern and mine tent, a well-dressed man cautiously should be, how we can get rid of sin picking his wayan the ridges of the and get into harmony with God, so rice-field. Approaching the tent and that we shall be prepared to dwell with coming to the tattie and pausing, a Him forever. God has told us all this courteous voice, which seemed to in His Holy Word. Would you like sound familiar, asked, "Sir, may I to take some of these Gospels, which come in?" "Certainly." Raising the contain the life and teachings of Jesus tattie and stepping in, the venerable Christ, home with you and read them high priest of the previous evening apcarefully and think them over and see peared, but without his priestly garb, if they do n6t give more soul-satisfy- and looking cautiously about asked, ing news than anything you have ever "May I close this tent curtain?" "Cerheard before?" ta,inly."

Other objections had been thrown "Is there anyone within hearing?" in and searching questions asked us, "No; our people have all gone to their as: "Your religion may be good for midday meal." His whole bearing you, and ours for us," "Does not Fate at once changed to one of frank friendor Destiny, after all, control all things, liness, as he said: so that a man is not responsible for his actions, and God can not justly "Sir, I promised to meet you at the punish us for what we do?" and the market-place again this evening, for like; to each of which the missionary further discussion. But I have been had been able, with the promised aid, thinking it over since, and I have read to render such answer as had silenced those little books you let me have. the opponents, but which space does I am not going to meet you there. Our not allow to be detailed here and which system can not stand the light that you consumed the time until darkness was are letting in upon it. Some things coming on, when the missionary said, you said last evening can not be an- "But it is getting late and you have swered. I made the best show I could proposed that we meet here again to- at answering them there, for I was morrow and talk some more about surrounded by my disciples and had this most important of all themes. Ve to appear to be holding my own. will bid you good-night now." "But, sir, I am not going to meet The venerable high priest accepted you in discussion in public again. one each of the Gospels and, bidding Your system seems so pure, so holy, us an unexpectedly courtc)Us good so good; it so appeals to the best there evening, withdrew with his disciples; is in man. It so satisfies the soul's we, bidding good-by to the large audi- highest desires that it seems as tho it ence, turned back to our tents, promis- must be, as you say it is, a revelation ing to be there at the same time the from a God of purity and love, who next day to tell them some more about really seeks the highest happiness and this "good news." good of us sinful men. It does seem as tho through that God-man Jesus The next day at midday when every-

Christ, about whose birth, life, words, and press upon him the acceptance at'-d works I have been reading all of that Jesus Christ as his personal night, we sinful men might find hope, Savior! and pardon, and peace, and, as you say, eternal life. He listened reverently, but as he finally took his leave he said, "It does "But, sir, we Brahmans can not seem good, sirs, and as tho it must be afford to let you succeed in introducing true; but sirs, as I before said, I can your system here in India. Just look not bring myself to give up the posiat the plight in which it would leave tion I hold as high priest of all this us. Now we are looked up to as demi- region and as the preceptor of this gods and worshiped by all the people. school of young Brahmans. But I ~m We reap the rich revenues of all the going to teach them the morality of temple endowment lands. At every these books and to admire and pattern birth, marriage, and death, at every after the character of the Jesus Christ family ceremonial we receive rich fees of whom they tell such winning stories. and presents. We live on the fat of the land. "But I must go back to my school, for I do not want anyone to know "But let your religion prevail, which that I have been to see you; that is why I left off my priestly robes, and of teaches that we are all children one came around from the north gate through the rice-fields to your tent at God, and all equal in His sight, and we midday when no one would be likely Brahmans fall from our high pedestal to see me." and will have to mingle with the ignoble throng and struggle with them for We never saw him again, for the our existence. No, sir, good as your next touring season we took a very system is, and I admit that it really long journey in another direction, anxseems far better than ours, we Brah- ious to sow the Gospel seed "beside all mans can not let you succeed in intro- waters," and our work developing ducing it; we must fight you!" and greatly in another direction we were this he said with seemingly real sad- not able again to visit that region. ness. No word has ever come from that "But, sir," he went on, "the charac- Brahman high priest; but it may be ter of Jesus Christ so appeals to me; that he, too, has accepted Jesus Christ the system of morality in these books as his personal Savior, and that we is so high and noble that I must have may meet him, too, in glory, saved these books to teach their precepts to by faith in Jesus Christ. my disciples. You said last night that you would sell them to anyone who What an incentive this giVes us for wanted them. I have brought the prayer that the many throughout Inmoney to purchase one for each of my dia, who have thus heard of Jesus disciples. You will let me have them, Christ and been drawn toward Him, will you not, even if I can not join may have grace given them to accept your religion ?" of Him at no matter what personal sacrifice to themselves! And in this How gladly did we furnish him with we are encouraged by God's own those copies of the "Word of Life!" promise that "my word shall not re- How earnestly did we again talk with ttlrn unto me void." him of Jesus Christ and his salvation

ANTI-CHRISTIAN CRUSADE IN

BY JAMES SIBREE, ANTANANARIVO, MADAGASCAR The policy of the French gov- wegian Lutherans and to the Angliernment in completely secularizing can Mission, and since the French education m France has reached occupation the Paris society has us here, and was made known in taken quite half the work 111 Imerina and among the Betsileo an arrete of the governor-general people. Large numbers of the most. intelligent government native offiof the 23d of last November, in cials owe all their education to miswhich it was announced that with- sion schools. It might have been in two months from that date no supposed therefore that some conmore educational work could be sideration would have been shown carried on in churches; that no re- to those societies to which the counligious society would henceforth be try owes so much. But, as already recognized as having anything to pointed out, no request made has do with education; and all applica- been granted. In this point the tions for permission to carryon present governor-general's action is schools must be made by the in strong contrast with that of the teachers. The injustice of this new late governor-general, Gallieni, who, law lay in the fact that in the ma- altho he was at first prejudiced jority of cases the village church it- against all mission work, soon found self is also the schoolhouse, and that out the value of their educational in two months it was impossible to labors, and was just and generous erect buildings, especially as the enough to acknowledge it frequent- ly and in the fullest way. arrete was issued in the middle of There is no doubt that a very sethe rainy season when all building rious blow has been struck at misoperations are stopt for several sion work through the closing of months. So potent was the unfair- hundreds of schools. The day~ ness of this order that the educa- school is the nursery-ground of the tional authorities requested an ex- church, and in numbers of intension of six months' time, but this stances the school-teacher is pracwas peremptorily refused, as well tically leader of the congregation; as a similar request made by the and from the school we look for Paris society. the Christians of the future. The late actions of the governor-general It may be observed here that ed- is all the more unjust, because the ucational work in this country was number of official schools is far becommenced by the London Mission- low what would be required if all ary Society, and for several years the children had to attend them; for the chief work of enlightening the probably there would not be accom- Malagasy in Imerina was done by modation for a tenth of those who that society; the Friends' Society have been learning in mission also took up the work and have car- schools. So that a system of eduried it on vigorously in the western portion of the central province, while other provinces have owed all their schools to the labors of the Nor-

cation, not perfect, it is true, but yet forbidden to take part in any public fairly.meeting the needs of the peo- religious services, as preachers or ple, has been wantonly destroyed Sunday-school teachers, or to act as without there being anything at all pastors or deacons. More recently, adequate provided to take its place. altho no arrete has been issued The consequence is that a very to that effect, yet these officials large proportion of mission schools have 'been made to understand that have been broken up, and we can they should not, if they wish to hear of no further provision being please the government, even atmade to supply official schools. In tend any religious service. This numbers of cases, where these seems a strange comment on schools have existed not- far from a "Liberte, Egalite, Fraternite." mission school, the people far rather send their children to the latter and In many other ways this deterpay fees than allow them to go mination to obstruct religious to' the official school, where they teaching is evident. Under the old can have no religious teaching or Malagasy regime, we were able to influence. preach in the open air, near the great markets, ancI thus bring the All that h~s been done so far Gospel to those who will not go is in accordance with the general into our churches to hear it; but policy of the government here; they this is forbidden by the French cIo not want the people, as a whole, laws. None the less is it an offense to be educated, ancI they say this against the law to have any religious plainly. Notwithstanding high-sound- meeting in private houses, and many ing phrases 'as to the "mission of people have been heavily fined and France" to civilize, etc., they only imprisoned for having a few of their want a comparatively small num- neighbors in their homes to join with ber of young men educated-enough them in worshiping God. So that to be clerks, etc., in their bureaus our evangelists are now quite unand to act as petty governors and able to hold little cottage meetings, which many of them used to have officia:Is. The mass of n e people in their villages for evening wor- ship at various houses. No actual they' (and the French colonists also) law has been issued that people can only want in a servile capacity, to not have worship with their famwork their concessions at as small ilies, but in some places the French a remuneration as is possible to give. officials have let the people know At present, the prospect before us that they do not approve even of is that many thousands of children this; some have even threatened to have no school whatever where they punish women whom they heard can be taught. Since the arrival of singing hymns in their houses; the present governor-general, M. others again have said that they will Augagneur, the anti-missionary not allow worship in the churches feeling has become more pro- except on Sunday. nounced and actively aggressive. For a long time past, all Malagasy In some districts it is impossible in government employment, as to get leave to build any church clerks, interpreters, etc., have been

1907J THE ANTI-CHR1STIAN CRUSADE IN MADAGASCAR

where none already exists; and the strictly forbidden in official schools, governor-general has intimated that but for some little time past the he considers that there are far too teachers of these schools have been many churches already built; and ordered to bring their scholars to the it is increasingly difficult to get school building on the Sunday and permission to rebuild a church, even give them lectures on some secular where it is falling into ruins. The subject; and to teach them that there educational authorities have said is no God, that the Bible is a fable, plainly to missionaries that the mis- that there was no such person as .sions are "very harmful" to the Mala- Jesus Christ, and that all religion is gasy. "Why do missionaries want mere superstition. In some cases to stop the old customs of the peo-. young men have given up their posi- pie? Idolatry was good enough for tions rather than do this; while many, them; let them worship their idols. we fear, while disliking and disbe- There is no harm in polygamy: it lieving it all, yet are afraid to follow will increase the population." It is out their convictions and make the sac- no wonder, therefore, that in many rifice it would involve. In some dis- places where the people are still tricts large posters have been fixt in ignorant, there is a great revival of public places, giving extracts from the old superstitions, trust in charms speeches – in the French Parliament, and divination, observance of lucky saying that God and heaven have been and unlucky days, etc. Even the abolished, and Jesus Christ erased killing of children in the unlucky from the thinking of all sensible peo- month M akoosy has been revived, ple. It need hardly be added that and several instances of this are well persistent efforts are being made by known to have occurred very lately; the "Sports' Club" of Antananarivo but in no one instance can we ascer- to make the Sunday a mere day of tain that the perpetrators of these amusement; and horse-racing, games child-murders have been punished for and sports of all kinds are continually their cruelty. So also at the birth of organized to draw away the people twins, which among certain families from religious services. And in the is considered very ominous of evil, country tbe officials do all they can to perfectly healthy children have mys- revive the old native dances, songs teriously died without any apparent and follies on the Lord's Day.

cause; but no inquiry has been made. It will be seen from the foregoing And when the state of morals among . that religion is passing through an- most foreigners, from the highest to other time of opposition, approaching the lowest, is remembered, it may be in many places, and to certain classes, imagined how more and more diffi- to real persecution. The Malagasy cult it becomes for Christian Malagasy Church needs much the sympathy and to preserve the purity of girls and prayers of its fellow Christians. It women. It is not surprizing that mis- may be said, however, that these ef- sion work in this direction is regard- forts of the enemy of all good have, ed with dislike and hatred. we believe, stirred up many of our Not only is all religious teaching people to increased earnestness and

zeal. N ever were congregations in plating extending their work in a the city and in many of the more im- purely heathen district, but the govportant villages larger than during ernor-general absolutely refuses to the past few months; and it seems as allow any church to be built, unless if they were determined to show that a European missionary lives there. nothing shall prevent them from holding fast the Gospel which they have The Lutheran Mission has just rereceived. It is seventy years ago, this ceived information from Fort Dauphin very year, since the first Malagasy that the administrator there has just martyr suffered death for her love to closed all the chapels in that district, Christ. What a wonderful change which is worked by the American has come over Madagascar since that Lutheran Society-a piece of arbitrary time! When we remember how God injustice and persecution which it is has gt!arded and extended His Church difficult to believe the American Govsince then, we have reason to take ernment will allow to be carried out. heart and not lose courage. Govern- A fe~ months ago the governor-genment opposition and hatred to the eral peremptorily ordered the suppres- Gospel now will, eventually, not pre- sion of the Young Men's Christian vent its progress any more than did Association in this city. A very inthe efforts of Ranavalona I. succeed telligent and excellent young Malagasy in crushing out the Word of God in was chosen two or three years ago as this country. "He that sitteth in the secretary and· manager' of the assoheavens shall laugh; the Lord shall ciation, and was sent to Europe for a have them in derision." Let us be- year or so, in order that he might lieve Him who says·: "Be still, and study the working of such instituknow that I am God. I will be ex- tions in France, England, Switzeralted among the heathen; I will be land and Norway, and also collect exalted in the earth." money for the erection and equipment of a suitable building in Antananarivo. Postscript In this mission he had considerable success and brought a good sum of Since writing the foregoing matter money back with him for the purpose; there have been later developments and everywhere his intelligence and of . the anti-religious policy of the character gained him friends. Soon French Government in Madagas- after his return, a large house and car, which seem to point to a deter- grounds in an excellent position in mined attempt to crush out Christian- the capital were bought, arid a conity in the country. In the western tract was made for fitting up the portion of the district worked by the building with suitable classrooms, Society of Friends, the evangelist at an reading-rooms, etc., and the intelliimportant station has been ordered by gent young men of the city were anthe local French authority not to ticipating with much pleasure the preach at or visit the out-stations con- opening at Christmas of their building. nected with' the place, so that the But by the arbitrary act of the govgreatest portion of his work is alto- ernor-general all these hopes of gether stopt. In this western re- moral and intellectual improvement gion, the same society was contem- are frustrated. Comment is needless.

AMERICANS HAVE DONE IN

BY REV, J. MILTON GREENE, D.D., IIAVANA, CUBA In order to treat this subject fairly had withdrawn from Cuba a generaand fully we must take into our view tion too soon." Considering the ina period of seven years, and not tellectual, domestic, social, indussimply fix our attention upon what has trial, political and moral crudeness tra~1spired since September last. For and chaos left as the fruitage of four altho much and very much of Amer- hundrell years of Spanish dominaica's services to Cuba during the first tion under Jesuitical control, per- Intervention failed to bear fruit in the haps it was too much to hope that permanent well-being of the people on anyone man should save the Reaccount of their inertia, traditionalism, public from shipwreck. Certain it incapacity, inexperience or dishonesty, is that every day brings new still the organization of the Republic testimony to the hct that no system of on May 20, 1902, and the Constitution civilization more effectually unfits man which was signed February 21, 19<)1, for Republicanism pure and simple, with the various military orders pro- than Romanism pure and simple. To mulgated between the close of the war succeed, France must needs throw off and the inauguration of President the yoke. See also the turbulent his- Palma, as well as the herculean san- tory of Central and South America itary reforms achieved, the various and Santo Domingo. In my judgment public. improvements carried into ef- a great deal of nonsense is uttered by fect and the establishment of a system those who find the explanation in Latin of public instruction,-all this is a blood of the insurrectionary habit. story of international philanthropy, Had we Saxons been subjected to the unique in the history of the world, influence of the same ancestral teachand whose legitimate fruits were ings and practises as they are in the borne in the marvelous prosperity home and In religion, I doubt not that of Cuba during Presid~nt Palma's the battle of the Kilkenny cats would first administration. Very many have been somethin~ more than a have the firm conviction, and in fable. Parental authority and discithis the writer shares, that if pline among these people are either that guileless, unselfish, diaphanous unknown or take on the form of (as the Spanish say), and tender- priestly arrogance and despotism, hearted patriot had only continued im- and the children grow up lawless, pervious to the blandishments of wily wilful and selfish, without the fitst politicians and could have united a element of self-control in their char- Jackson-like firmness with his Lincoln- acter. vVhy should not selfish aglike transparency, there would have grandizement, political intrigue, dobeen no revolution in 1906, and Cuba mestic degradation, l11]ustice, opwould have been spared the humilia- pression and graft grow rank and tion and expense of a second Inter- noisome under such influences? vention. That he knew his people And they do. And this is the well appeared in one of h:s early why and wherefore of the late declarations that "the Unitecl States revolution. The manifest frauds,

gigantic and widespread, attending the definite reports from said Commission. second presidential election; the fail- The insurrectionists were allowed, ure of the Cabinet and Congress to strangely enough as it seems to very favor and enact a definite system of many, to retain the horses and municipal legislation; the astounding mountings which they had appropriprevalence of graft among high and ated, and a department of claims for low in government circles; the mOI1- stolen horses and other property was archical centralization of power at appointed and is at work. Removals the palace and the occupancy of and new appointments at the instiga- many of the most honorable and tion of the Liberals have been effected lucrative positions in' the govern- on a grand scale all over the Island. ment by those who had been sworn and scores of pardons have been issued enemIes of Cuban independence, to political and other prisoners. This -in these things we have the also is regarded by many of our very underlying causes of the revolu- wisest citizens as a great mistake: tion and the evils, to prevent a recur- Properties belonging to the Romish rence of which the Americans are Church and which for a long time here. After a most impartial and have been rented by the government thorough examination of the situation at an enormous figure have now been Secretaries Taft and Bacon could not purchased at a cost of about $2,000,- but concede the justice of the claims 000. The same properties were refused made by the revolutionists and the in- by the Palma administration when evitableness of American intervention, offered for $r,soo,ooo. Large approand all that has since transpired has priations for the construction of been in effect a concession to the in- roads and for other public improvesurrectionists. The extent to which ments have been made and still others this has been carried is a puzzle to the are promised, but as yet little or wisest of us. The opportune arrival nothing has been actually accomof the Denver doubtless prevented. plished. The Rural Guard for internal the capture of Havana and such blood- defense is to be increased to 10,000. shed and pillage as have seldom been and the artillery to 2,000. It is genwitnessed. Order, efficiency and fi- erally understood that the Americans nancial soundness were introduced at will announce a date for new elections once into all the departments of the as soon as the necessary preliminaries government by placing each of these can be arranged and will secure to the in charge of an American, and great people a fair and full suffrage within economy was effected by the dismissal the limits of the law that may be of supernumerary employees. A adopted. When this has been done legislative. commission, with Colonel the government will again be sur- Crowder as president, was appointed rendered into Cuban hands, .and a secto prepare election and municipal ond experiment in self-government laws, and to suggest many needed will be entered upon. When such modifications in the existing Code. elections will be held is a question That this is found to be a gigantic task which everybody is asking and no one may be inferred from the bct that can answer. The fact is that never months are passing by without any since the close of the war has Cuba

WHAT AMERICANS HAVE DONE IN CUBA

been in such a chaotic state, politi- system under which a remedy can be cally speaking. In the Moderate par- found for intellectual stagnation and ty there is not enough coherence to which will substitute for merely ex- effect a declaration of principles or ternal rites and ceremonies the culture a crystallization about anyone as of the heart, the discipline of char- leader, while in the Liberal party we acter and the regulation of the daily find a triple schism led in its divi- life. Those who, like Governor Ma- sions respectively by Gomez, Zayas goon, think to improve the condition and Garcia. So far as the mass of the people by following traditional of Cuban peasants are concerned lines, doing, as he says; "a constructive peace exists, and only peace is desired. and not an iconoclastic work," have But a few political demagogs, with read history to little purpose. These a following of professional gamblers Spanish colonies have been tradiand other social parasites, keep the tionalized to death. Hence the lack of surface of society agitated and are intellectual initiative, everywhere apresponsible for the few outbreaks parent, the absence of industrial conwhich occur, such as the burning of science, of personal integrity, of sugar-cane here and there over the domestic purity, of mutual confi- Island. These are the men who are dence and of social morality. asking and will doubtless secure from 185,000 write themselves down as Governor Magoon the abolition of the illegitimate children and 67,000 famlaw prohibiting cock-fighting. If I am ilies exist without the sanction of asked whether the general sentiment either Church or State. These are here is favorable to the success of the plague spots of Cuban character, Cuban self-government, I am obliged and their origin is found in a slavish to answer in the negative. It was a adherence to a system which has most unfortunate thing for Cuba's fu- existed to propagate ignorance, to ture that the late revolutionists were discredit Christianity, to sanction in the rig'ht, and that the United States immorality, to disseminate error and espoused their cause, for future insur- to exemplify selfishness, deceit and rections will surely be encouraged cruelty. I know that these are thereby to expect success. American fearful indictments, but the proofs responsibility for Cuban order and on which they rest superabound stability and her guarantee for the III every Spanish colony. Only safety of life and property account for as they are recognized and an the ever-increasing investments of antidote is found can any true liberty foreign capital on the Island. All exist or any real social progress be thinking people feel assured that in realized. The stars and stripes, floatsome form or other, as a protectorate, ing over our warships and military or as a territory, or as an independent camps, mean protection to life and state, the United States stands sponsor pr:operty, but for the real pacification for continued peace and prosperity. of Cuba, her internal development and her stable prosperity, the American To us, who study the Cuban situa- church must provide in her schools, tion from a moral standpoint, it seems her Bibles, her Sabbaths, her misthat the radical need of this people is sionaries and her sanctified homes. the introduct;·-:: c f a new religious

PORTUGUESE

BEGINNINGS OF WORK IN PORTUGAL BY MRS. KATE H. YOUNG Portugal is such a citauel ofRo- doors here two months since, and we manism, the Church and State being did some visiting in the neighborhood; identical, anu the law prohibiting also we conversed with and invited any other cult, that altho we count- everybody we came in contact with, ed on God 's protection, we thought from the washerwoman to the furit would take a very long time and niture dealer. much labor to fill our preaching hall with listeners. There is room Thus, by the time the house was in it for one hundred and fifteen ready for public meetings, we had a chairs. The fact of our bei ng number who were quite anxious to atcompletely unknown and also un- tend. We were by no means prepared, identified with any of the exist- tho, for the surprize the Lord gave ing denominations and societies, was us, for on the occasion of the. first an added reason why we might nat- meeting every foot of room was ocurally expect an up-hill time of it. cupied, and these restless, frivolous Our experience in Brazil, during the Portuguese Roman Catholics lisnine years, was that it was no easy tened with profound respect to the matter to get a hearing in a Roman message of salvation through Christ. Catholic community. We besought God in prayer before opening our Still greater has been our astonish- ment to see that, far from any abate- ment of interest, God has intensified e lectronic file created by cafis.org

BEGINNINGS OF WORK IN PORTUGAL S99

in each succeeding meeting the at- These people are all poor weavers, tention and increased the attendance. and in order to come to the meetings, Not only is the large sala filled, and they sacrifice part of their day's work, even the standing room, but also the arriving here supperless, and are then hall, gallery, and staircase, with peo- obliged to rise at 3 or 4 o'clock next ple who, being unable to see, stand morning to make up for lost time.

quietly and listen, till the very end Not until July 22d did we call for of the meeting, with the most ad- inquirers. But we felt that God had mirable order and respect. We been preparing hearts, so July 22d, . have never seen anything like it in at the close of the service, we definitely our missionary experience! invited those to remain who had de~ From May 27th for two months we cided to renounce all ungodliness, and just plied the people with a presenta- receive Jesus as their Savior. Twenty- tion of God's great plan of salvation seven responded and prayed to God through Christ. Very little, if any, that night, many of them exceedingly exhortation, and a studious refraining promising.

from asking people to decide and pro- The next day, while visiting a col- fess prematurely. We followed and lege professor and his wife, they la- profited by the rich experience and in- mented their sins, and then and there struction of God's great servant, repented and came to God, in Christ's Charles G. Finney. name.

After a month's steady work, we Our hearts lately have been more dealt personally with light individ- and" more exercised in prayer and uals who, we perceived, were ready travail for souls, literally day and for decision. night.

These have all been happily con- July 27th the power of God was verted, and so far as we know, are again so manifestly present that the good cases. crowds, who were packed in every- Strangely enough, their attention where, in sala, gallery, halls, were un- was called to us by the public denun- der tremendous tension, convicted of ciations of their own priest, who sin and drawn toward God.

threatened with dire excommunication We felt constrained to again give and damnation all who put their foot an invitation. Twelve new seekers inside olu doors! They came, and stayed, and as far as we can judge, re- have never missed a meeting. They ceived the Savior, for a deep serious- are a group of near neighbors and ness and contrition of spirit was man- consist of two married couples, a wid- ifest.

ow, .a young woman and a boy of We frankly and openly make war fifteen, and another widow. against all sins and vices and doubtful Being anxious forO the salvation of things, that defile, injure and enslave others, they bring their friends here, -proclaiming "without fear, or favor, and also allow us to have cJttage meet- or hope of reward" that Jesus saves ings in their homes, where, without from sin, and that the effects of the pUblicity and formality, we can ex- Gospel, when truly received, are clean- plain the Gospel to their timid neigh- liness, wholesomeness, and Liberty bors. through the Blood of the Everlasting

Covenant; and our purpose is by God's fill a place twice as large. The Lord grace, either to promote a genuine must provide more room. Even on work or nothing. the hottest and most oppressive nights they come just the same. Here we are in the land of the vine and the olive. We have been assured, All classes come here and listen over and over again, by those of long with equal respect. High and low, all experience, that it would be fatal to recognize that the Gospel is a Divine one's ministry here to attack wine- message. drinking. But in the name of the Lord we have set up our banner, and Altho the law does not permit any He commends to every man's con- religious services except those of the science the cry: "Prepare ye the way Romish church, we made bold to ask of the Lord! Make His paths the police dep,ntment to give us a straight !" guard at our door on the occasion of meetings, so as to keep order in the Jesus IS striking off here the street where many listeners stanJ, and shackles of the captives of wine, to- where the street Arabs come to make bacco, and immorality, of lies and noise and disorder. They send us a every other hurtful lust which drown policeman each time we preach, and men in destruction and perdition. he keeps everything quiet outside, while the Lord preserves perfect order Each seeker that we have prayed inside. with instinctively recog'nizes the necessity for true repentance, in order to The accompanying photo gives the live soberly, righteously and godly in types of the common people here, and this present world-and only this kind their vocations. y"T e see many of of converts are we aiming at. them in our house. Daily we are be- sieged by honest inquirers, and some- A man who has a grocery-store in times the devil sends a feigned inwhich he sold wines, became convicted quirer, such as a wily spiritualist, or of his sin, and told us with joy un- someone who has an ax to grind. But speakable, and with grateful tears, these are rare. that he had renounced it, both as merchandise and beverage. He and Our hearts are encouraged in the his wife had led a cat-and-dog life ever Lord ! We write asking that others since they had been married, but God will rejoice with us and pray for us. dealt with her, too, and both now God grant that this venerable land of testify to freedom from the old bad- prehistoric traditions, and of relics of temper, and they are living happily the old Roman imperial rule, also of and peaceably, as becometh the Hellenic ancestry, sunk and sleeping Gospel. under ages of popish igno~ance, idolatry and superstition,-this beau- Scandalmongers have renounced tiful, poetic Luzitania, the theater and their vice and, in fact, God is glorify- inspiration of Camoens, may now, by ing the name of Jesus in the salvation His wonderful power, be the scene of of souls. a great awakening, as the Gospel trumpet is sounded throughout the Our chief trouble, at present, is length and breadth of Portugal. want of room for all who desire to attend the meetings. We could easily

WORK AMONG ROMAN

* BY CHARLES STANLEY I had a narrow escape while preach- stood packed all round, so that no one ing in the open air in Sheffield. I had could have got at me. I then showed noticed a good number of Irish Roman that we were left in no uncertainty as Catholics gradually close around me. to which was the true church at Rome Then two men, one on each side, got in the year 60. It was composed of behind me, and prest my arms close all believers, the only true one church while speaking. At that moment I at Rome. Neither were we left in any felt the point of some sharp instru- uncertainty as to what are the -true ment at my back. I immediately said, doctrines of the church at Rome in the "In the name of the Lord Jesus Christ, year 60. We have an inspired account I command you to make an opening of those doctrines, and to that docu- for me, that I may walk out of this ment we turned our attention. From throng; my life is being attacked." It Chapter I to Chapter III we found was a strange sight to see the people the statement as to the total ruin of fall on each side, until an opening was man through sin. Whether Jews or made, as it were, in an instant. It Gentiles, all were sinners, all guilty, was the hand of God. I walked firmly all utterly unable to acquire righteous- away for one or two hundred yards, ness by works of law. Every man and then my legs seemed utterly to found it so, also, by his own experi- fail me, and I could scarcely walk ence. It must be so, for this was the home. true doctrine on the subject of the church at Rome, in the year 60; and it It would, however, be an injustice was the only true church in the year to leave the impression that I usually 60 at Rome. received this kind of treatment from the Roman Catholics. Generally they I then showed God's righteousness, have listened to me with respectful at- revealed in the glorious plan of re- tention in the open air, as I was accus- demption-how He is righteous tomed to preach the Gospel, and not through the atoning death of Jesus, in attack them. I will give an instance: justifying all that believe Him. "Their faith is reckoned for righteousness." I was walking with a friend one (Chapter IV.) Believing God, "who Lord's day morning at Newcastle, and raised up Jesus our Lord from the I said, "I want you this afternoon to dead, who was delivered for our iniq- make known to the Roman Catholics uities, and was raised again for our that I hope to preach in the Market justification," they are accounted at three o'clock to-day; and mind you, righteous-justified: I gave illustra- let them kl10w that I am about to tions to show that the mighty debt of prove that the' doctrine of the Church our sins had been paid; and the ever- ~ of Rome, in the }'ear 60, is the only lasting proof was Jesus risen from the true doctrine. And see that they all dead. He is our everlasting righteous- stand as near me as they can get, and ness. This being the case, there was let no one disturb or hinder me from one striking peculiarity of the church going through the discourse." They * The late Charles Stanley was much blest in work among Roman Catholics. The following narrative is from his own pen and is worth preserving.

at Rome, or the believers at Rome. A This brings to mind the remarkable mark of the true doctrine was this, way in which the Roman Catholics that they did not hope to be saved, or stood by me in the Salt Market, Glasto make their peace with God. They gow. On arrival from Birmingham, had peace with God. "Therefore a beloved Christian friend walked with being justified by faith, we have me to the Salt Market, a large open peace with God, through our Lord space, where, at that time, there were Jesus Christ." Here is the true doc- frequently preachings and lectures of trine of the church at Rome in the all kinds. An aged Scotch minister year 60. All doctrine contrary to this was urging the people to give up their is heresy and falsehood. The utter sins, become good, religious, and corruption of human nature: all sober; and finally asked them all to guilty. Redemption through the blood attend the kirk, and at once to go with of Christ, not human works, is the him to such a kirk. "Vhen he conremedy. All that believe God are cluded, I stood up and said I had just justified, and have peace WIth Him- come about three hundred miles, and are not hoping to make their peace I wished to add a few words. Sc~rcely with God. Jesus has finished the work a person went off to kirk, but all lison the cross. They believe it, and tened with eager attention and the have peace with God through Jesus crowd began to gather from all sides. Christ. I did not think it wise to tell them what I thought of the preaching they The application began to be too had been hearing, but took up the pointed. They looked at each other, matter in this way: as I asked if this was the doctnne of those around me. Had they found "You have heard now what this that they were utterly lost sinners; aged preacher has told you; an(1now, and that, try as they might, they could would you not be 1110st happy if you not acquire righteousness or peace by did as he has told you ) Would:t works of law? Had they accepted not be far better for everyone of this full salvation through Jesus you if you were to give up your sins, Christ? Did they really believe God? and to become a sober, holy, religious Were they hoping to get p~ace, or people ? You know it would be far could they say, with the Roman be- better with you were you holy; yes, lievers in the year 60, "We have peace so holy that you were fit for heaven, with God?" I assured them there is and sure to go there? Would auyno salvation apart from thc doctrine thing make yon more happy than to of the church of Romc, as revealed in be quite sure of going to heaven?" ~his epistle in the year 60. Many were the responsive sighs. "But," I said, "now tell me, have not By this time some of my inside many of you tried to do all this, that friends had become outsiders, and the preacher'has told you to do? You some had disappeared, but many lis- have tried to give up all sins, and to tened to the end; and I had not an in- be holy_ You have longed to be fIt sulting word. May the day declare for heaven, and have utterly failed. that souls were that day brought to Some of you have felt as if it were no rest in Christ, and believe the word of use trying; you only get worse and God.

EVANGELICAL WORK AMONG ROMAN

worse. You go to kirk, and try to be to go on and tell them more of the religious, but you are not a bit bet- blessed news. I had to preach again, ter for it. You long to do what this I should say, a full hour. preacher has told you to do, but you fail. Is not this the honest truth?" There are many Roman Catholics around the Salt Market, in Glasgow. The people seemed convicted on the Many came and heard, and some paid spot. I then said: "I will now tell deeper attention. Some years after I you what I have come three hundred went again, and immediately I walked miles to say. God knows our utterly on the open space I was recognized, helpless, guilty condition. He saw us and especially by the Irish Catholics, not only guilty, but without strength who came and stood from beginning to be better, just as you have found. to end of the preaching, which had He saw us lost, and we should not be again to be prolonged to a late hour. lost if we could help ourselves. That Indeed, I was told that they were vessel among the breakers is not lost most interested. I name this to show if the crew have the least hope of the importance of preaching the grace reaching shore. But see, all hope is of God, so needed by every soul, in-' gone; she is on the rocks; she is go- stead of attacking others. Nothing ing to pieces. Now, if a man is saved exposes our human errors like the it must be by the life-boat. You are truth of God. And let us remember lost! Every effort to save yourselves that man in his natural state, wheth@r only proves you are lost, LOST. To Roman Catholic or Protestant, is darkyou is JESUS, the life-boat, sent! God ness; not merely in darkness, but sent His Son 'to seek and to save the darkness itself. "For ye were somelost.' " The Scriptures were then times darkness, but now are ye light: in opened, and they were shown how the Lord." (Eph. v. 8.) There is God hac! so lovec! them, lost in sins, no true knowledge of God, no light, and helpless, and had sent His Son to but in Christ; out of Him all is moral make propitiation for sin. And if darkness. they had learned that they could not attain to holiness or righteousness, by It was very remarkable, as in the their efforts or works, I had now the above case, how the Lord gathered glorious message to declare to them large companies to hear the word free forgiveness of sins, through Jesus preached without any of the usual Christ the Lord. I then concluded, as means of post-bills, or otherwise. it was getting late; but not one per- When I spoke first in the Glasgow Salt son would move, and I was entreated Market I only knew four Christians north of Scarborough.

PLAN AT INHAMBANE. EAST

BY REV. ERWIN II. RICHARDS Twenty-seven years of missionary our church door, never attend any sort service have brought us many expe- of service unless special messengers riences in successful as well as unsuc- are sent for them, and then it is in cessful work. On our earlier visits respect to the messenger and in no home on furlough we succeeded in respect to the message that they some- raising money which was, however, times responcl. However, there is sel- inevitably consumed in the first year dom any objection to the missionary after our return to the field. People taking their children, removing them were willing to hear, gave cheerfully out of surrounding heathenism and while we were in sight, and then im- establishing them in the mission home. mediately listened to some other call The father understands that when the while we were reducecl to poverty for daughter is sold into marriage he shall the remaining time on the field. It is have the cash, and being assured of , extravagance to keep an able mission- this he has little care as to what be- ary on the field and pay him his sal- comes of her. In fact, the mission is ary, with no allowance for native work rather a fine security for him and he uncler his care. No educational or in- is willing and oftentimes urgent to dustrial work can be undertaken, and have her taken. For ten years we have without these a mission is practically been able to secure many more chil- dead. Hence we were greatly stirred dren than we could care for. It there- to know how to gain a regular and an- fore remained to figure out as closely ntlal income for the most pressing as possible the actual cost of providing wants of the mission. We desired to for a child and then to secure for these find some plan which would not inter- children as many patrons as were fere with the regular offerings of the available, who should undertake to see Church, and which would give us a fit these children all the way from the sum for the essential elements of a heathenism of the "veld" into the sa- great wclrk on our field. cred fellowship of the Church-gener- ally about five years-until a girl is The plan which is now proving suc- married or a boy self-supporting. The cessful is intended to provide only for average cost in this locality is safely children, not for localities where work put at $15 a year for the consecutive is wholly among adults. This plan is five years. We have at present three adapted exclusively for densely popu- hundred and eighty, nearly everyone lated districts where cOl11mon human- of whom is paid for in full to date.. ity is found in all its varieties, in- The patrons like it, the children cluding men and women, the young like it, and the mission likes it and the old, and especially the teeming immensely. 'This system has doubled masses of children. In our own region onr numbers of professing be- the adult population are unmoved by lievers each year for four years, until any sort of appeal ever made by an} to-day we are 1,200 strong and liable church or any individual-save in to double that number for the year to somewhat rare instances. Those come. These are placed, not all to- nearest to us, within five minutes of gether in one large church, but they eats; if she is eight she can not do are scattered over one hundred and much at the hoe, which is the plow of fifty miles long, by some forty wide, Africa. She is in school of which she on thirty different stations. The na- is usually fond, is at church, loves the tive preacher or teacher, with a body- hymns, likes to be with the church guard of this number of pupils in the folks, and in a brief season becomes midst of "raw" native heathenism, be- so identified in her habits of the new comes a living fire which will not be life that she seldom returns to the old quenched and a brilliant light which way. Her friends may entreat or can not be extinguished. threaten her, she is usually a fixture in the Christian Chttrch in the brief In the beginning it required solid space of a few months, so that as a faith to make the experiment at home, matter of fact, less than five per cent. and people were not eager to try an of her sort ever relapse into the old unproved plan. As the year rolled life. She eventually grows into the round, and each year was added, it is Christian life. Sudclen conversions certain that the people who give to are rare and we fear usually spurious the plan are becoming more and more at that. But regular training day by interested. This is shown in the fact day and hour by hour brings a sort of that the percentage of loss has been fruit which, if not positively Christian, but slight, while the gain has kept far is so near to it that, all things conin advance till it has doubled the orig- sidered, it is difficult to distinguish it inal number, including all losses, and from the scriptural variety. There is still gaining, altho there is no direct are positive and sudden conversions representative in the home land. Now and we long for them, but they are tl1at several have finished their orig- not the common route of coming into in2.1 contract w~ are preparing for a the kingdom. grcnd ces5ation of giving on the part of all suc!1, 3Ut so far r.s returns are The child of the mission almost at now in, it provtCs ttat '110re people once thinks to herself, "I will ask have left legacies for their worl, t:1an sister or brother to try this new way." there are of tr..ose who report inabJity. She does, with the result that half an Several who had l~pdertaken one pupil, army of them are at the mis~·,vl1 door on ·receiving regular reports, imme- in a brief space and all clamoring to diately st!bscribed ~or another, and be taken in, gowned and taught as is even a third, so that rhe mis~ion does this first one. The mission has no not worry over the continuance of the funds and can not take them. They general plan. are told to wait till some one dies or gets married, and they will then have The raw child from the kraal is en- a chance. But they often will not go tr"eated to come to the station by her home, and at school, prayers, and all native teacher. She comes, receives over the station there are always a lot a dress, a blanket, corn, meal, all she of the unclad eating from this or that can eat, a good hut, and has nothing dish where they can. Fathers and to do more than she has at home, viz: mothers and whole families usually to prepare her food and to raise so follow in the wake of that first child. large a share of it as she may be able. These children grow up, found a rf she is eighteen she will raise all she

Christian home of their own, and their that because of this personal element own nearest relatives are usually with in the pupil that the donor will give them. This is so common that one any less to the regular society. can not refrain from noticing that on everyone of our stations, if we save This is a real and most potent tactor the children, we have also come as latent in the Church, and if cultivated, near as possible to saving the par,ents encouraged and rightly managed as well. The station grows, the in- ought to double the contributions of fluence of those children is felt for the whole Church and to do it sudmiles round about. They are out denly and easily.. Christian people every Sunday, often on other days, are often so constructed in their ways singing, praying, giving testimony, of doing that while they give generand flashing a live light into the lace ously and on a fair scale to their and eyes, ears and hearts of the sleepy Church, they still feel at perfect liberty natives round about. You can not to undertake something of a more persing "Nearer my God to Thee" with- sonal nature on their own account, out awakening something, nor can you when opportunity occurs, and esperecite "Our Father who art in cially where they may receive the ben- Heaven" without causing some one to efit of direct information concerning get a notion that there is some one, the object of their planning. This somewhere, who is managing things plan endeavors to supply this connecand the native is set wondering till he tion in the mission field between the comes to inquire what it is all about. patron and the pupil, both to the satis- Twelve hundred station people, eight faction of the giver and immeasurable hundred of whom are children, are benefit to the mission field, We bepreaching in this effective manner to lieve the Church can and should offer more than 50,000 people of the kraals every opportunity for all sorts of per month! A record is kept, positive righteous giving, making best use of counting is required, and these facts the same, and not try to restrict all are open to the inspe~tion of anyone. giving to a solid fa:th in the divine fixedness of some time-worn harness. There is a parental influence in this Before and up to the inauguration of scheme which affords to each individ- the plan, our stations were two, our ual donor a special satisfaction which members less than ten, our entire outthe regular methods of the society do put, all told, less than sixty souls. In not provide for. Several have pupils ten years our stations are thirty, our in the name of this or that dear friend, believers 1,200, our people reached and not a few have them as real chil- beyond 50,000 souls. Pupils have dren in the Dark Continent to be sure, paid the bills and accomplished these but their own, and they feel a per- soul-stirring results. We have not sonal interest in them much akin to received one cent for any native work. real childship. This is manifest in the We have time to answer correspondgreat majority of all personal gifts. ence from earnest Christian people It will not be maintained by anyone concerning this subject, and hold ourthat because a parent has a child or selves ready to appreciate every availtwo that he will therefore quit giving able suggestion for improving and D the Church; nor is it easier to prove establishing t;1e plan.

ITALIAN AND HIS CHURCH AT HOME *

BY MISS MINNIE J. REYNOLDS It is an interesting experience for best fighters the world has ever one who has studied the Italian colony known. He has proved his title on in New York, to visit the source an;l many a field of glory, and he carries iountain of that enormous emigration his characteristic virtue into the field whi~h has almost startled Americ:l in of polemics. Therefore, the Roman recent years, and to see the Italian at Catholic, as we know him in America, home. Accustomed to regard the is sensitive as to his faith, touchy rtalian as the poorest, the greenest about his Church, and goes about with and the most ign8rant of the immi- a religious chip upon his shoulder. It grants, performing the most menial is the same with the modern Greeks, and ill-paid tasks in the community, it who through long centuries of subjec- is with bewilderment that one gazes at tion to a power alien in race and faith these splendid public buildings. these learned to regard their Church with magnificent semitropical parks, these intense affection and loyalty, as their wide and elegant streets and modern only center of nationality.

offices full of traffic and business, these But it is otherwise in Italy. Tra- buzzing electric cars, dashing automo- pani, where I am writing, is a remote biles and smart private traps with their city, little visited by foreigners, and liveried servants-and realizes that it therefore much less affected by for- is all Italian; that it is Italians alone eign influence than the great, cosmo- who are carrying on all this impres- politan, tourist-haunted cities of the sive civilization and making all this North. It is in farthest Sicily; and to display of wealth and luxury. We the average iew Yorker Sicily stand~ hear so much in America of the misery for all that is ignorant and unprogress- and the poverty of the immigrant, and ive. Of its 60,000 inhabitants, I am the dangers of immigration to the told by educated natives, two-thirds country, that unknown to ourselves never go to confession. Of the re- we get a subconscious impression that maining 20,000 a large number go nobody but Americans or persons who only once a year, at Easter time. It have been for a long time in America is rare that any man goes to confession have any money or any business abil- more than once :J. year, and probably ity. seven or eight-tenths of them never There is a false conception among go at all. There are certain other Protestants that all Catholics are practises of the Roman Church which bigoted, intolerant, and animated by seem objectionable to the Protestant ; an intense devotion to their Church; such as the buying of indulgences, ac- or at any rate, if they do not care cording to those notices posted in much about it themselves, that they Catholic churches which offer remis- are ready to resent a word against it . sion of sins for a certain length of from a Protestant. Perhaps we get time in return for certain special devo- this idea in America because most tions; or the buying of souls out of American Catholics are Irish. The purgatory by the simple expedient of Irishman clings to his Church with an paying for the masses which are to intense affection because it has long pray them out. Out of the 60,000 of been the center of his nationality. He this population, 40,000 pay no more at- has, very much against his will, been tention to such things than a Protes- subject to a Protestant power politic- tant would. The Protestant tourist, ally, and he considers that he has been seeing the ancient churches filled with subject to much persecution for his the accumulated pictures, statues and faith. Also, the Irishman is one of the votive offerings of centuries, believes * This art1c1e1 from The Home fifissionary, is one of a series that ha'5 attracte::l w:de attention. It throws special light upon the character of Italian immigratiou, which has bec()tlle a llotable factor in the great problem. ,The dewpoillt of the author is IlOW in Sicily, which has the l1:1111e of furnishing the worst class of Italian immigrants.

the whole population steeped in big- from across the water. There is none otry and superstition. As a matter of of it among Americans of the old fact, two-thirds of _the population re- stock, and in fact, non-churchgt>ers gard these things with no more rev- often contribute to the benevolent and erence than the tourist himself. Of educational -work of the Church, and even to its support. the 40,000 Trapanesi who never go to confession, a large number go to The reverse of this condition exists church occasionally; some of them in Italy. It is true that the young every Sunday, others on special oc- university men are almost to a man casions, the act being as much one of agnostics. But the mass of the ".insocial pleasure as religious duty. But definite Catholic" population believes there is a considerable number of this in a personal God, in Jesus Christ as liberal element which never steps in- the Son of God, in the Madonna as a side a church, unless it be to look at divine protectress and to a certain exthe girls or to watch some church tent, varying with individuals, in the spectacle of dramatic or historic in- saints of the Catholic Church. But it terest. This non-churchgoing element does not believe in the Church or the includes the young university men, and priests. Instead, it seems inspired by some of them are inspired by so active an active dislike of them, amounting a dislike of the church that they will at times to actual hatred. Here in not step inside a church even for the Trapani one can hardly enter a social ulterior purposes named. or friendly gathering without hearing the conversation turn sneeringly or The Protestant visitor from Amer- contemptously upon the priests, and ica comes upon a curious thing. We the superstitions of the "bigotti." have in America a large class of what Every person in Trapani who is de- Dr. Walter Laidlaw calls "Indefinite voted to his Church is called a "bigot- Protestants." They call themselves to,,_bigot_by the "indefinite" ele- Protestants, but belong to no denomination and attend no church. They ment. They speak of the priests with are married and buried by a Protestant a lack of respect which few if any minister, but there their connection Protestant in America would use in with Protestantism ends. There is regard to the clergy of any Church; exactly such an element in Roman call them "crows," "beggars," and Catholic Italy. They are baptized, other opprobrious epithets. They will married and buried by the Catholic tell more scandalous stories of priests clergy; but that is the extent of their than any Protestant ever thought of; connection with the church. The un- tales of their dishonesty, of their hardderlying causes in the corresponding heartedness, of their impure private cases are markedly different. The "111- life. But it would be distinctly unfair definite Protestant" has slipt out of to credit their dislike of the priests to churchgoing for a variety of reasons: the immorality of the latter as a class. change of residence, breaking of old The percentage of priests of whom church ties, desire to make a holiday these tales are told is an infinitesimal of Sunday, and so on. But for the one. The scorn for the priests does most part, get down to the bottom not depend at all on individual illfacts and you will find that the non- doing. The best educated and most churchgoing Protestant no longer be- intelligent people of the community lieves in the Bible. He no longer re- lump the priests together and despise gards Jesus as a divine or supernat- them as a whole. Their argument is ural being. As a logical sequence he simple. They consider the priesthood stops going to church. But he has a "graft"; a vast organization for the nothing against the Church or its purpose of getting all it can out of the clergy. He is in no way incensed or people in the way of money and power. embittered against either. All the The Church, they will tell you, is based anti-Church feeling in America comes on the ignorance and superstition of

ITALlA:,! AND HIS CHURCH AT HOME 60g

the uneducated. That is its life-blood. ,priests. A most common epithet apJ Therefore it is to its interest to main- plied to him is "Bestia"-beast. All tain ignorance and superstition. Every this means that here in Italy in a few step in education, in progress, in the years there will be some such moveadvance of human rights in Italy, they ment as that wl1ich has recently consay, has been taken in spite of the vulsed the relations of Church and Church. The priests are educated men, State in France; and that Italy will they will tell you. Therefore they impatiently shake off the burden of a must know that a man can not forgive State Church. Large numbers of men sin; that the pope can not be infallible; resent bitterly the fact that they must that the sill ' miracles related of the be taxed to support a church which saints and t11eir relics can not be true. thev neither attend nor love. I never Therefore the very fact that a man is heanl a word of objection when mona priest proves hi;l1 to be living a life astic refugees from France settled in of conscious deception. Great Britain recently. Hut there are growls and murmurs here because of All through Sicily the drugstore is those who came into Italy at the same a sort of club for the better classes. In time, with predictions tIlat not only anyone of them of an evening a group they, but all Italian conventual or.ders of well-to-do persons may be found wili be expelled in time. chatting. Happening to step into one one evening with a friend and her son, Most of the old convents are forbidthe latter, a high school lad of sixteen, den to accept any new members. A fell into controversy with a priest. In few aged nuns wander like ghosts the course of it the boy burst out with, among the great halls and corridors "Well, if I had known what they were which once sheltered hundreds-in doing when they baptized me I would Trapani there is one with only three. never have let them do it; and if I When they are gone, the government ever have any children they never shall will take the building, apply it to some be baptized." No schoolboy in Amer- modern use, or raze it to make way for ica would say such a thing to a clergy- some new building. The most comman, whether Prote"tant or Catholic. mOI1 fate of these old convents is to He would have too much respect for house a public school. Certain sisterthe man and the office, no matter how hoods are. still permitted to receive he regarded the rites of the Church. new members, but they are sisterhoods going out into the world and engaged It is said in Italy that the papacy in active work, charitable or otherregards America as the most favorable wise, like the Sisters of Charity. Very field in the world for the propagation few Italian girls are now entering of the faith, because of the toleration nunneries; and this was the more surand respect for all churches which prizing to me when I recalled that in there exist. Some years ago there was Quebec and Montreal last summer I in Trapani a priest, Vito Pappalardo, found the convents all full of life, who was excommunicated by the pope activity and prosperity, flocks of Canfor his liberal ideas. He was a pro- adian girls entering them, and even fessor of philosophy and a writer. A discovered under the black robe of one beautiful marble bust was placed in novice a beautiful young American the Public Picture Gallery to his mem- girl. ory as a scholar and a man of letters; but I confess that I do aot know any All this indicates that the Italians city council in America which would are outgrowing their Church, both inhave the temeritv to raise a statue to tellectually and morally. I think if a priest excomrnunicated by the pope the Church had to shift for itself here so short a time before. as it does in America, with no source of income except voluntary subscrip- As for the pope, the class I have tions, that two-thirds of the church described seems to have no more buildings would be closed and tworespect for him than it has for the

thirds of the priests would be obliged supports his churches-irritates the to seek other occupations. People are Italians extremely. Probably no not leaving their money to the Church, Church ever made a more fatal misbut a large sum was left not long ago take in policy than when the papacy in Trapani for the assistance of the ranged itself against the government widows and orphans of sailors-a under which it has its seat. The full class abundant in this seafaring town. fruits of that policy will be seen when It was left in charge of a secular the country which has housed the board of trustees. Not many years papacy for I,500 years, from which ago every such charity would have the pope thundered his commands to been left to the administration of the Europe and crowned and uncrowned Church. emperors-when this country refuses any longer to rest in the Church of the Aside from the spread of education pope as its State Church. through the extension of the public school system, one great fact has had There are a number of lessons for a part in bringing about this state of any church in the situation in Italy. things: the refusal of the papacy to be One is that it is very dangerous for reconciled to the government of Italy. any church to fall below the highest Italians take all the pride in their standards of intellect and morality in magnificent and heroic risorgimento the community where it exists. The that we do in our revolution. They moment it fails to keep up with the revere the House of Savoy as we do most advanced standards it finds it to the name of Washington. They adore its interest to hold the people upon its the name of Garibaldi, and all his own lower plane, where it may retain dashing and splendid deeds. They its influence over them. Another lesthrill over the martyrdom of Mazzini, son is that it is very dangerous for the masterly statesmanship of Cavour. any church to go into politics; perilous The history of the world does not con- for it to take sides in any great P9littain a more brilliant page than that ical struggle, to tie up its interests which tells the tale of the rise and with any party, or be identified in the union of Italy. He would needs be a public mind with any phase of political clod who could read that story and life. not tingle with patriotism. A third lesson is that when individ- The Italians appreciate it to the full, uals are no longer swayed by superstiand glory in it. For them Italian his- tion, when they are touched by agnostory begins with United Italy. It is ticism or free thought, when in short the heroes and events of the revolu- they no longer seek the Church to intion that they commemorate in statues sure their own salvation in a future and new streets. All natives who in life, the only hold the Church can then any way opposed the revolution and retain over them is through its good the union simply occupy the place works. They may reject the doctrines that the Tories did in the American of the Church; but if they see the revolution. The Italian Tories are of Church educating and uplifting bebut one kind: the pope and his political lated races; teaching and befriending followers. the puzzled child of the immigrant; following the American flag with That the pope should refuse to rec- schools and churches which embody ognize a government which has treated the best we know in America-those him with every courtesy; that he who no longer love the Church for should presume to announce himself their own sake must at least respect to the world as a prisoner, when he is it for the good it does. Far be the as free as any citizen of the land; that time when the Church in America is he should maintain an obstinate and referred to in such terms of sneering continued attitude of disloyalty to the contempt as one hears in Italy! government which protects him and

CIVILIZING WORK OF MODERN

MISSIONS * BY CYRUS C. ADAMS If we were asked to illustrate the sent them to the upper river to supply spirit of practical humanity that is an the skilled labor needed in this rail- impelling principle in the work of road enterprise. Under them worked thousands of Christian missionaries we hundreds of the Kongo boys, trained might mention the Roman Catholic in the same trades in the Free State Mission of Saint-Trudon in the Kongo mission schools, but not yet so experi- Free State. For over three years the enced and efficient as the men from fathers. at this mission have been pay- Accra. It was their duty also to super- ing the natives to bring to them poor vise the common laborers, 2,000 to people stricken with an incurable dis- 3,000 in number, who did the rough work of railroad construction. So it ease.t The mission stands on the broad was the disciplined skill as well as the brawn and muscle of African workpathway that "sleeping sickness" fol- men that pushed this railroad through lowed, 2,000 miles up the Kongo and the Kongo forests. Only about one on to Victoria Nyanza, smiting nearly hundred white men participated. 200,000 victims, not one of whom recovered. In May, 1903, the fathers,see- Such incidents might be multipliecl ing these afflicted ones dying in the indefinitely and each would be evidence roads, conceived the idea that if they of the highest value relating to the imshould get them together they might portance and the success of some commitigate the sufferings of their last paratively new phases of missionary days, and perhaps !'educe, by this seg- influence. The ministrations of the oldregation, the ravages of the plague. time missionary were mainly intellec- From that day to this they have been tual and spiritual. He taught barbapaying 3 francs 75 centimes-nearly 75 rians to read so that they might spell cents-for every patient brought to out the scriptures he translated for them. On March r6 last 2,049 per- them. He went among them to win sons had been received at their isolated converts, and his first and highest duty hospital, where fifteen women pre- was to preach the Gospel. He has not pared the food, and the gentle minis- changed a whit in his conception of trations of the sisters and fathers are his high calling, but he has found new bestowed till a decent burial marks ways to make himself more effective the last act of heroic devotion. in it. He has discovered that the seeds African Rallroad Builders Trained in of religious teaching thrive best in soil Mission Schools where some elements of our material civilization have been planted, wa- On September r last a railroad was tered, and coaxed to grow; that if completed around the rapids in the he meets with some success in training upper Kongo, and this great underta- untutored peoples to habits of indusking illustrates another phase of phil- try, he has laid a pioneer foundation anthropic missionary effort. At Accra, upon which he may deliver his Gospel on the Gold Coast, nearly 1,200 miles message with more satisfying results; above the Kongo mouth, is a famous that industrial training is worth more mission station that has long taught to men and women on the lowest rungs trades to the natives. The Kongo Free of the ladder than intellectual educa- State took into its service many of tion; and that, if he may make his peothese skilled black artizans, trained in ple sharers in some of the fundamental carpentry, blacksmithing, brickmaking, blessings of civilization, if science may masonry, and other practical arts, and $: Condensed from the American Monthly Review of Reviews. t It was reported in November last that a cure had been discovered for ;. sleeping sickness" and was being applied with much success.

even dimly illumine their dark lives, if but we may not have heard that indus- the boon of modern medical practise trial training has been an established and surgery may be brought within feature of hundreds of missions their reach, he has won a vantage throughout the world while many of ground upon which to discharge the the occident:ll nations have done little duties of his sacred office that was more than to discuss the preliminaries. never his before. If we look into the matter we shall find the facts very fascinating, and almost These are the practical, humanita- bewildering in number. The mass of rian aspects of most missionary enter- this testimony is enormous in the reprise to-day. Long ago they were in- ports of colonial governments and of cipient features of the work; but it missionary societies; also in recent is only within the past quarter of a books, such as Dennis' "Christian Miscentury that industrial education has had its remarkable growth, that the sions and Social Progress, "* which protecting arm of the missionary has been thrown around. the orphan, the is packed with testimony, and in thou- foundling, the blind and the deaf mute, sands of photographs, like those reand that the medical science at the mis- cently published by the Kongo Free sionary station has begun to confer its State, showing not only the missions, blessings upon the least fortunate churches, schools, and hospitals, but races of men. The model farm is now also the trade schools, printing-offices, seen among the: savages of New sewing rooms, brickyards, fields, and Guinea; black men press clay into other industrial aspects where the namolds and produce on the Kongo the tives are working at their new trades counterpart of the brickyards of or tilling the soil by modern methods. Haverstraw; women are running sewing machines within a stone's throw of It is unfortunate that so manv books, the spot where their cannibal fathers written from the standpoint o( the evpushed canoes from the shore and angelical denominations, do scant jusgave Stanley his hardest fight in Af- tice to the great achievements in this rica. 'Where the church rises, the hos- field of the Roman Catholic missions, pital is its concomitant. The mission which have had their full share of sucstation is builded upon a basis of broad cessful pioneering in this work of sowphilanthropy; and upon the same foun- ing the seeds of civilization. dation are rising the higher schools and even colleges in regions prepared Progress Since Stanley's Day for them. The missionary is helping to refashion the life of the backward In 1879, Stanley could not induce a races. ,Ve must not overlook the large Kongo native to carry a pound of participation of some of the civilized freight or do other work for him. He goverhments in this work of regener- had to send to Liberia and to Zanzibar ation. The Kongo Free State, for ex- for labor. To-day there are tens of ample, has its trade schools, its orphan thousands of the Kongoese voluntarily colonies, and its hospitals, as well as serving the government, the trading the Evangelical and Roman Catholic companies, and the missionaries for missions scattered over its wide do- hire; and many hundreds of young men ma111S. are going from the mission schools into service as skilled artizans, overseers Vast Contributions to Industrial Upbuilding of labor, teachers, and in other capaci- ties. Africa's own sons and daugh- General statements on such a subject ters must themselves work out her make little impression unless fortified material regeneration, for most of the by ample eviclence. vVe know that im- manual labor must be performed by portant agencies at home and in Eu- them; and one of the greatest facts of rope are prompting industrial train- to-day is the participation of great ing as a part of educational systems; multitudes of African natives in the reclamation of their continent.

• Three volumes. F. H. Revell Co.

1907l THE CIVILIZING WORK OF MODER:" CHRISTIAN MISSIONS 6I3

A -,vhile ago, the Protestant natives and Andereya Luhaga, king of Bunof Uganda put 750,000 bricks, which yoro, who has thrown himself heart missionaries had taught them to make, and soul into the work of reforming into the walls of a cathedral that holds the lives and the conditions of his peoover 3,000 persons. Brickmaking is ple, crusht to earth_ as they had been now a large industry across tropical by the terrible tyranny of hi~ father. Africa from sea to sea. The church at It is a great boon to Africa that the Blantyre is perhaps the handsomest plant of civilization, grown from seed specimen of trained native handicraft, the missionaries sowed, is being nurbut it is not the largest, nor does it il- tured by some of the most powerful lustrate any better than scores of other natives of the continent. structures the attainments that the blacks have made in the building arts Races Enlightened and Energized under missionarv tuition. The blacks at Blantyre wh~ built that church to vVe have given this much space to the driving of the last nail were the Africa because the larger part of it, sons of men who had never seen a l:hirty years ago, was the most conwhite man; but they had the capacity solidated mass of pure barbarism, unand it was evoked in the missionary relieved by a single ray of light, in the trade school of the Free Church of world. But the same work of en- Scotland, to which it is a splendid lightenment, through improvement of monument. the material conditions of barbarous peoples, is advancing in the most re- The Winning of Africa's Rulers mote parts of the mission field. The culture of garden and farm, iron Ve see the native labor trained 111 smelting and manufactures, the plantthe trade schools at Accra in demand ing of rubber, the banana, and the among the French, German, Spanish, coconut tree are now enlisting the Belgian, and Portuguese regions of energies of New Guinea cannibals forthe west coast and on the upper merly given to orgie and foray. In- Kongo in the heart of Africa. We dustrial communities are thriving see industrial education turning out its among the debased aborigines of Ausartizans by the many hundreds, from tralia. Gooel houses and home-made the Lovedale Institute of Cape Colony furniture are among the fruits of into the Protestant missions of Liberia; dustrial training in the Pacific Islands. and we observe that this civilizing Some of these islanders do their own work is greatly promoted by the hold printing, and commerce has grown the missionaries have gained upon through the mat and hat making and some of the most influential native other trades which the missionaries rulers. Among them is Khama, king have introduced. of the Bamangwato, famous for the peace, order, temperance, and industry Christian teachers among some of that now distinguish all his people; the Canadian Indians have had Lewanika, king of Barotse, who asked marked success in the introduction of the present king of England, when he helpful trades. This is also the case visited that country, to send him more among the South American Indians; men to teach his people carpentry and and who has not heard of the sheep other trades, so that they might ad- farming and other industries that have vance more rapidly in civilization; greatly improved the condition of the Apolo Kagwa, the prime minister of natives at the extreme southern end Uganda, whose controlling thought is of South America? The industrial to work for the uplifting and civilizing feature is very important among the of his people; Daudi Chwa, the little missions scattered over Turkey in king of that remarkable country, who Asia, where many of the Western is being trained as a Christian prince; methods of shoe and cabinet-making, bookbinding, tailoring, carpentry, and

so on, have been introduced; and mis- without price. The great brick hos- sionaries have even been able to sug- pital at Doma, the capital of the gest improvernents in the native in- Kongo Free State, is the special pride dustries, as in silk embroideries. Thus of the government, which also has its Vestern ideas are helping a little to hospitals and dispensaries at everv alleviate material conditions in regions station throughout its immense dO'- where misgovernment and persecution main, which, whatever criticisms have have nearly stifled all joy in life. been made, is recognized as the part of barbarous Africa that, thus far, has We should not expect that the in- made the largest development. dustrial phase of mission work would have the same virility and the potency The first medical mission is said to for good in China and Japan that it have been conducted by a Dutch phy- has exhibited in barbarous lands. sician in the East Indies from r624 to These great oriental countries devel- r638. The growth of the movement oped a very advanced type of civiliza- was very slow, and it was not till the tion under which they brought their latter part of the nineteenth century own arts and industries to a high that it became important. Living- degree of perfection. Even in this stone's many years of gentle ministra- day of China's awakening she is more tion to the sick, and Arnot's journey eager for the intellectual and scientific over half of tropical Africa with than for the manual training of the nothing to pay his way excepting his West. Several efforts on the part of box of medicines, did much to call at- British and American societies to in- tention to the value of medical prac- troduce model farms especially devo- tise as a beneficent feature of mission- ted to fruits have met with success. In ary service. For thirty years this new some of the cities they have long been phase of the work has grown by leaps teaching Western methods of printing and bounds till it is found in every and weaving, and one of the Meth- corner of the earth covered by the odist missions at Chungking, on the mission field. upper Yang-tse, reports that it is graduating boys as carpenters, cab- The latest statistics of the evangel- inet-makers, and tailors. The indus- ical societies show that there are now trial feature is just being introduced four hundred hospitals, besides many into Korea; and it is certainly thriving dispensaries, with nearly eight hun- in Japan in schools for women and the dred medical missionaries, of whom mission orphan asylums. two hundred and fifty are women; and in the hospitals, dispensaries, poly- The Broad Ministry of Medicine and clinics, and native houses an average of about 2,300,000 patients are an- Surgery nually treated. This does not include the Roman Catholics, who make a Bnt human suffering makes the large feature of medical missions. whole world kin, and every part of the globe is eager now to have the West- Na words could exaggerate the use- ern arts of medicine and surgery. The fulness and success of this work. The '"randest humanitarian feature of missionary physician is eagerly wel- Christian mISSIOns is the medical comed in every land. His influence is phase. Its great success has stimulated far-reaching, for he carries the best governments to follow the example of gifts of medical science to the neg- the humble preachers of the GospeL lected, he revolutionizes native prac- The largest building in Dar es S~laa~, tise, and he supplants the terrors of the capital of German East Afnca, IS the barbarous quack. It is, under the the government hospital, to which af- law, a misdemeanor to practise the flicted natives come from far away, arts of the fetish doctor in the Kongo – where the great boon of treatment by Free State and Rhodesia, but the European methods of healing is theirs medical missionary is doing more than

THE CIVILIZING WORK OF MODERN CHRISTIAN MISSIONS 61

the law to destroy baleful supersti- motes all phases of his work. It gives tions that have held millions in de- him the best of opportunities for his grading bondage. special calling; and a cured patient often brings not only his family, but Even in advanced countries like In- also his whole village to the mission. dia, where there are many native physicians schooled in Western therapeu- So the missionary is not only the tics, the medical service is wofully in- messenger of the Christian faith but adequate to the need. The most com- also the forerunner of material progpetent Indian doctors and surgeons ress. He is paving the way for civilhave more work than they can do at ization. By industrial education he is high rates. The poor must suffer; helping the laggard races both to help but everywhere the widest blessings of themselves and to enter into larger the medical mission? fall upon the and closer business relations with the poor. The latest Africa book, "Ugan- rest of the world, so that they shall da to Kartoum," has a photograph of partake to no small extent of the bennearly a hundred patients waiting their efits coming from reciprocally advanturn as a single physician treats their tageous dealings with other coul'ltries ; cases. There is need for good sur- and his life of love and self-sacrifice geons as well as good doctors, and is bearing no better fruit, from a women physicians are especially. im- worldly point of view, than the alleviaportant. In India there are 50,000,000 tion he brings to suffering, the years women who are practically cut off his medical skill adds to many a from the outside world, and the human life, and the useful men and women practitioners who may go women, who once were little waifs among them are still too few. They and strays, without hope or friends till are training hundreds of native he gathered them into his fold and did women nurses every year, but the need his best to give them strength of charfar exceeds the supply. acter and attainment through which they may stand alone, far stronger The missionary finds everywhere than their fathers. that his medical service greatly pro- AFRICA WAITING BY S. G. STOCK W!'itten on receiving Bishop Tucker's telegram "Africa Waiting"

They are waiting everywhere,- For the happy beam of day Where the fields of earth are fair, That shall ~hase their gloom away, Where the rivers nobly run, For the news, so glad and blest, Where the blossoms seek the sun, That shall set their hearts at rest; Where the hills rise, high and grand For the peace we know and prize, Looking proudly o'er the land- For the hope beyond the skies- Waiting! Waiting! Waiting! Waiting!

They are waiting in the wild, Yet not voiceless or alone, Sick and weary and defiled, For their cry to Heav'n hath flown, And the Savior's healing word And the Master waiteth too, They have never, never heard; Waiteth, ransomed soul, for you, Ever hungry and unfed, Till the life devotion sweet Left without the living bread- Be outpoured at his feet- Waiting! Waiting! Waiting! Waiting!

EDITORIALS

I HE HOLY SPIRIT AND TIlE they have even a partial knowledge of MISSIONARY the conditions and a feeling of sympa- thy for Christ's ideals. Heretofore "WHEN HE (the Holy Spirit) IS emphasis has been placed on many phases of religious instruction except COME HE WlLL CONVICT THE WORLD IN that which concerns the missionary truth of the Bible. What pupils in RESPECT OF SIN, AND OF RIGIITEOUS- our church schools have received of this has depended almost wholly on XESS, AND UF JL:DGMENT. UF SIN, BE- the individual sltperintendent or teacher. JIany children have gone CAUSE THEY BELIEVE NOT ON ME; OF from the primary to the adult classes without having any idea of the pro- RIGHTEUUSNESS, BECAUSE I GO TO MY gram of Christ for the Church or how far it has been carried out. There FATHER; .•. OF JUDGMENT, BECAUSE has been no systematic and widely or- ganized effort to train the children THE PRINCE OF THIS WORLD HATH and youth in this branch of knowl- edge. BEEN J L:DGED." J olm xvi. 8, R. v. Is it any wonder that a great ma- These words of Christ describe the jority in our churches have no deep work of the Holy Spirit in the world, concern for the salvation of the world? in four things noteworthy aspects. It is rather remarkable that there are There are four parties presented to so many who are ready to give themour minds: the Spirit of God: man selves and their substance to this great in the world; the Lord Jesus Christ, cause. There is great need of a genthe righteousness of God to the be- eral forward movement, and we believer; and, finally, the prince of this lieve that it is coming. world. In looking over scores of "helps" Man is the victim; Jesus Christ, on the International and other Sunthe Victor; the devil, the vanquished clay-school lessons we have Deen one; and the Holy Spirit, the power struck with the absence of any referby which the Victor gives to the vic- ence to missionary principles and tim victory over the vanquished. achievements. With the exception of the Sunday-school Times and two or In other words, Goel says to the three denominational missionary periworldly and unregenerate, "You are odiCals, the subject has been almost or a sinner; you have rejected Jesus quite ignored, eve:l where the most Christ thus far; you are under the do- obvious and important truth of the minion of the devil,and can never break selected passage was missionary. Take it, but there is One who can break it for instance the Call of Abram or of for you-Jesus Christ can change :foses: faith, obedience, anel other your sin into righteousness-and the general truths were taught, but the only power that can apply the victory bearing 011 Goel's purpose for the of Christ to your present condition is world was ignored by hunclreds of the Holy Spirit." We understand writers. that to be the practical theology of this passage, and are thankful to God The Young People's Missionary that it is so simple that a child can :!Iovement is wisely bringing pressure understanel it. Yet here is the very to bear on Sundav-school workers to essence of the message which the mis"- give missions at l~ast as large a place sionary is to bring to the slaves of sin. as they have in the Word of God. We hope and believe that other editors MISSIONARY rNSTRUCTIONS CN THE will follow the fine example of the SUNDAY-SCHOOL Times in using illustrations from mis- It is generally believed by Sunclayschool leaders that the coming movement in this department of church work is to be in the interests of better instruttion on the needs, opportunities, and obligations in the world field.

That there is need for such an advance step none have any doubt if sionary biographies and pointing out Supernatural Results. There is no missionary truths at least once a quar- "can not" in the vocabulary of a ter. Every lesson writer should have Spirit-fil1ed ·suppliant. Victims of mind and heart open to this side c i. long-established evil habits say, "I God's truth and its application and want to live a better life, but I can't." teach positive, powerful missionary The believer says as to prayer, "I can lessons. not, but God can."

Each Sunday-school should also be What one can not do, or get done, a recruiting station for service in a1 apart from God becomes not only parts of the world. If the true Chris- possible, but easy and natural, when tian ideals are in control and efficient filled with God; and if, after vainly methods are used we should see from trying to break loose from habits of every school missionaries and volun- years by the feeble weapon of their teers who are saying to Christ's call own resolutions, men would only to evangelize the world, "Here am I, come to the conclusion, "I can not do send me." this thing alone, but I can do it with God," the power of evil would be THE SUPERNATURAL ELEMENT IN broken.

P~AYER ] ust so with Christian disciples. As to overcoming besetting sins, partic- Is not the key to a1 real power in ularly sins of disposition-impatience, intercession the unalterable persuasion envy, jealousy, uncharitableness-that that prayer carries with it supernatural are such a disgrace to themselves, a force? The moment we abartdon the reproach to Christ, and a stumblingsupernatural element in the Bible we block to others-how many would may well burn it; and so, if we aban- overcome but can not, because they don the supernatural element in the have never yet got hold of God with Christian life, we may as well give it regard to this matter. Hundreds enter up altogether. The trend of our day into newness of life the instant that is to deny to the Word of God its they understand and realize that what proper divine element, find so make it is impossible without Him, becomes virtually a human book; to deny to possible, easy, and natural with Him. conversion its divine element, and make it simply a human reformation; So of supernatural faith in prayer. and to resolve the efficacy of prayer While we deny or doubt the power into mere self-culture. of God to answer, we never know full deliverance. In the Psalms we are told The Word of God teaches a super- that the pilgrim people of God "limited natural element in all holy Jiving, and the Holy One of Israel." All limited especially praying; a divine conviction, conceptions of His power and love wrought by the Spirit, flooding the limit God. So long as we think He soul, and .power imparted to the sup- can not, or will not, do this thing for pliant by the Holy Spirit moving in us, He never will. And, as we limit him (Rom. viii. 26, 27). Him, by our conception of what He can and will do, so we limit Him by Prayer, therefore, has supernatural our reception of· what He does, so energy. It i.s the working of Divine that, even when He works, we fail to Power, from beginning to end, and see it. as long as we depend even upon the best exercise of merely natural facul- Our Lord says, "The light of the ties we never know prevailing power; body is the eye"-not because the eye but as soon as, abandoning our own actually gives light to the body, but struggles, efforts, endeav()rs and reso- because it i3 the faculty that makes lutions, we open our heart to the in- hght available. Faith is the verifying coming, in-dwelling, in-working, and faculty by which truth is received into out-working of the Divine Spirit, the the soul; and, without that verifying problems of prayer reach their prac- faculty, all the truth in the world will tical solution. not deliver from error, just as without

the eye all 'the light in the universe WANTED: PRAYER! will not illumine. The venerable Dr. Jacob Chamber- Supernatural Filling. There must likewise be a reception, by faith, of lain, of the Arcot Mission, India. God's power in prayer, if we are not to limit God. Christ could not do specially commends the action of the many mighty works where unbelief limited Him. We must open our Centennial General Synod of the Rehearts largely, fully, absolutely, to the in-dwelling and in-working of the formed Church, in unanimously voting Divine Spirit in prayer; and so our great problems will be solved, great that at least $200,000 be raised this difficulties overcome, and great answers follow. Satan flees before a year for the foreign mission work of man made almighty by the omnipotence of God. the Reformed (Dutch) Church. He An Illustration. When an engineer also commends the proposed "parish in Bolivia brought over the Cordilleras the first locomotive ever seen in these plan," each home church choosing latitudes, the native Indians came up from the Amazon basin to see this some "foreign parish" to support sight, and sat on their haunches discussing what this strange monster wholly or in part, as the complement could be. They said: "It is made to go; Let's make it go"; and so they to the "home parish." He thinks lassoed the buffers, and about thirty of them began to pull, and drew the also the "Layman's League" a grand locomotive a few yards. They exclaimed, "Ay-ay-ay-ay Tatai Tatito." step. . "The great and little father hath enabled us to do something wonderful!" But he blows a clarion blast of sum- The next day the engineer got up mons to prayer. He counts the one steam and hitched a couple of cattle trucks to the locomotive and, when the thing most wanted is an auxiliary Indians came again, put them into the trucks and locked them in. Then he army of covenanted intercessory misstood on the fire-plate .of the locomotive, and opened the regulator, an? sionaries. He bears witness that crises let the steam into the cylinder, and It began to move the piston, and the have been successfully passed, and repiston the crank, and the crank. the wheel, and the wheel the locomotIve; sults wrought inexplicable but for the and the locomotive carried the Indians along, ten miles an hour t What did effectual prayers which have gone up they not say to their "great and little father!" But they learned this great from hearts aflame with the prayer lesson-that locomotives are not made to be moved along by outside human spirit; but now the conflict thickens, power, but by means of a power w,ithill, and so to carry human bemgs the dangers multiply and the foes along. threaten as never before, and there is God would have every believer un- need of a new army of praying sa.ints derstand that prayer is not a machine, to be worked by human zeal, but by who, themselves debarred from more the power of God within. Let us see to it that we learn the power of God. direct personal service, act as a corps of imercessors.

To illustrate the greatness of both the need and opportunity he gives the following narrative, one instance out of many, as he says: In 1888, I was with several native assist- ants out upon a prolonged preaching tonr in the regions around my then station, Madanapalle. A village of humble laborers heard our message gladly. Vie had on a preceding tour preached to the111 of Jesus Christ and they had given earnest atten- tion. Now they promised to come over in a body and embrace Christianity, taking Jesus Christ as their all-sufficient Savior.

I was able to procure a little plot of land, and put up a temporary thatched shed on it on the edge of their hamlet in which to hold worship, and placed a helper e.lere to give them daily instrnction in the evenings, after their work for the day was over.

Ve preached in the adjacent caste v;l- lage. A young merchant, PapaYil by name, heard us with apparent avidity and fol- lowed us to our tent, pitcbed between his village and the newly-erected "prayer house," and for days eagerly received in- us~prucyteiaorl1~isnagysinogf that this met the long pent- his heart for an omnipo-

EDITORIALS

tent personal Savior, and that he fdt that and it shall be given you," will work he must come Qut openly and embrace this Jesus Christ as his own Redeemer. He was wonders. under instruction daily for some weeks Wherever we are, when the factory there at our tents while we were preaching in all the surrounding villages, and whistles blow or the hands of the finally promised to present himself for bap- clocks point' to twelve, let us lift our tism as soon as he had learned more about hearts to our Heavenly Father, and that salvation, but each time put it off a ask for a mighty outpouring of the little longer. Finally he definitely prom- Holy Spirit, each in his own neighborised to be baptized on a certain day. hood, and that the whole world may be soon evangelized. The non-caste villagers were all to be present, for his coming out would give them Ask your friends, near and far, and added courage to stand firm and themselves strangers also, to unite in this compact also to come out openly the following week. of prayer, until it becomes the custom Nine o'clock Sabbath morning came. The among all Christians the world over. tent was all arranged for divine service, and the non-caste villagers were waiting for MISSIONARIES KEPT BACK his appearance to come into the tent in a body for the serv~ce: Tht; native a~sistan~s Twenty-seven years ago the Church meantime were slttmg With them m their Missionary Society took a bold forlittle prayer house, giving them further in- ward step in faith, and n;solved to struction in the way of life. send abroad all candidates who ap- proved themselves as ready to go to There I sat alone in the tent, waiting and the needy fields of missionary enterpraying, and how I did pray that Papaya prise, whatever were the resources in might have courage to come and take upon hand; and this resolve has been adhimself the vows of a Christian and how hered to for more than a quarter cen- I did wish that there was a corps of tury in the confidence that when the covenanted intercessors in the churches at Lord opened the field and raised up home laboring with God then for such the workmen, He would also lead His cases as this. people to furnish the funds. But of late the standard-bearers have carried Ten o'clock came and eleven, and then the standard forward, and,· as it is I summoned the waiting non-caste villagers very sad to admit, th~ ranks of supand sadly held our service and preached to porters have not come up to the adthem alone, mourning that there had not vance position, and the Society feels been a sufficiel1L volume of interces~ory compelled to fall back and carry the prayer to bring Papaya into the kingdom, standard to a lower level-in a word, as I fully believe might then havt. been instead of bringing the men up to the done. flag, to bring the flag down to the men. It is undoubtedly a backward step, Papaya never came forward to fulfil. his and c'.1ght not to have been necessary. promise. He lack"d ~he courage that ml?,ht Nor would it have been had the givhave been given him III answer to wrestlmg ing been as systematic, 'self-denying, intercessory prayer. and abundant as the resources of an- glican disciples would have justified. A PLAN FOR UNITED PRAYER Above all must there have been a lack of praying, which always is the heart In a recent address by Dr. S. B. of all mission enterprises. Gifts never lack while prayer abounds. And we Capen, President of the American devoutly hope that a new spirit of hu- miliation and prayer may be so kin- Board of Commissioners for Foreign dled in the churches that at the next anniversary of the Church Missionary Missions, he made the pertinent sug- Society it may be joyfully announced gestion that Christian laymen set aside that they are prepared to advance their a certain hour in the day, say I2 standard to a point far ahead of any o'clock, to be used for a few moments previous position. of silent prayer for missions. This is already the plan of the Brotherhood of St. Andrew in the Episcopal Church. It would be the recognition anew of prayer as to-day the mightiest force in the world. This suggestion is of vast import- ance as we believe there is nothing that the world needs more than a great prayer-revival. Let us adopt this plan, and the' God who says "Ask,

THE SPREAD OF THE LAYMEN'S the interests of laymen in Christian MOVEMENT missions drawing the denominations together. The deputation also visited Cooperating committees are being Bristol, Sheffield, Liverpool, Edin- formed in many of the cities to work burgh and Glasgow. The movement for the development of missionary in- is spreading rapidly throughout Britterests among laymen. The following ain, and at the farewell meeting in declaration has been adopted by the London over 1,000 men were present; executive committee as a basis: a representative committee of one hun- dred was organized and money was Believing it to be the duty of the Church given to pay the salary of a permanent of Christ to preach the Gospel to every secretary. creature, it is my purpose to pray, t? gIve, to study, and to work, as God may. gIve me A denominational laymen's mission- ary movement was inaugurated in the aotpipoonrtmunayityo,btehyattll1t.ShecoCmhumracnhd.o*f thIs gener- Southern Presbyterian Church at Birmingham, Alabama, on May 14. A If 100,000 men of all church~s can general committee was appointed, conbe enlisted in serious cooperation to sisting of forty leading laymen from this end, their combined efforts, by thirteen c,tates. This general committhe sure blessing of God, will be tre- tee is to be gradually enlarged to mendous. nearly one hundred. An executive committee of nine was appointed with In response to a cordial invitation Charles A. Rowland, Athens, Georgia, from representative leaders of all the as chairman. churches in Great Britain, a deputation of six men from the Laymen's Over fifty laymen have joined the Movement went over to England for Commission for the careful investiga- tion of mission fields and the missionttow oc own feeerks~itfhrolme a dMe rasyo2f 7altlot hJeu nCeh r1i s0-, ary work abroad, and it seems wise to increase the number to one huntian forces in Great Britain concerning dred. A large party is being organized the best methods of practical cooper- to sail from the Pacific Coast on Augation on the part of the men of the ust 9, and will visit Japan, China, Ko- English-speaking nations, in the effort rea, India, the Philippines, Africa, to make the message of Christ univer- Arabia, and Turkey, traveling in sally known in our day. groups and studying in. detail the missionary work now tn progress Mr. J. Campbell White, the. secr~­ throughout the non-Christian world. tary, Messrs. William J. Sdheffeh~l Their reports will be published and and A. E. Marling of New York, SI- can not fail to interest men of all relas McBee of the Churchman, with ligious denominations. This ca~­ several members from Canada were paign of education conducted by bUSIentertained at a breakfast in King's ness men at their own expense may Hall of the Holborn Restaurant in possibly lead to a comprehensive plan London, and spoke of the meaning for future work. This sympathetic and purpose of the mov~ment, and .the cooperation among all Protestant comprogress it has made m the Untted nmnions denotes a close approach to States and Canada. The same eve- church unity. ning a public meeting was held in Queen's Hall, at which Sir Mortimer ADVANCE IN REFORM MOVEMENTS Durand presided. Letters were read from the Archbishop of Canterbury Albert K. Smiley, LL.D., in welpromising all reasonable support and coming the late Lake Mohonk Confrom Captain Mahan, who had ex- ference on Arbitration, and in hopepected to be present, showing how the fully forecasting the success of the movement was the natural outcome of movement, reviewed what he had him- self seen achieved for the advancement '" Declaration cards, containing the above basis of membership and other literature, can be secured at fifty cents a hundred from the office of the Moveme..,t, I Madison Avenue New York.

EDITORIALS

of civilization in his own day, encour- may be one reason why these lands, aging those who are still striving for so long under papal control, are so what many regard as impracticable generally revolting against their for- ideals. His words should be given a mer bondage. In every country hith- permanent place in history: erto dominated by the papacy these When the anti-slavery movement began, signs are manifest. For thirty years the whole South was a unit in defense of Italy has been free, and more recently the institution, and few men in the North Spain, Austria and France have foldared to utter a word against it. What a lowed in the struggle for religious incontrast to-dav! Not a slave in the civilized dependence. world and hardly a defender! The temperance movement in my lifetime has made A modern writer has taken pains to wonderful progress. In my boyhood in look up the records and compare the benedictions and maledictions of the Maine it was the .custom among farmers to sovereign pontiffs with the actual cafurnish rum freely to workmen, and drunk- reers of those they blest or curst, and enness was countenanced My father was severely censur:ed for not yielding to the custom. Within a generation Maine led in this is the result in part: the movement to abolish the salomi! Dueling-within my memory considered the In The Primitive Catholic of Brook- lyn, there appeared on November 15, proper method for settling questions of per- I~98, a remarkable list of the Pope's sonal honor-is now wholly abolished in America and in many parts of Europe. gifts of the Golden Rose, with their striking effects: Formerly lotteries were not only allowed. but were so entirely sanctioned as to be "The Pope sent the Golden Rose to used even in building churches-now they are almost banished from the country. The Bomba, King of Naples, and in less prison refol 1S, care of the insane, institutions for the blind and crippled, the care than twelve months he lost his crown of immigrants and others of the helpless and kingdom. He sent his blessing to poor are of recent growth. Now there are Francis Joseph, Emperor of Austria, many hundreds of institutions in N ew York and in less ~han twelve months he was City alone for the amelioration of suffering defeated at Sadowa, and lost his Veand vice and the betterment of mankind, netian dominions. He sent it then to magnificent eftorts to remove every form Queen Isabella of Spain, and in a of disaster and disease. Then there are the extension of popular education, the vast short time she lost both crown and dosums of money devotec' to higher education and scientific research-think of the govern- mInIons. He next sent it to Louis ment appropriating for Indian education Napoleon, or rather to the Empress three millions annually. all brought about Eugenie, which is more remarkable within two decades. Religious toleration still, as she called the war with Gerand the union of churches have replaced many her war. In less than twelve months France was defeated by Protbigotry. All these moral issues, once de- estant Germany, and the emperor had nounced as visionary, hav€. been fought out after hard struggle. within my lifetime.

Ve believe fully that the time is to flee to Protestant England for shelsurely coming when international ter, where he died in exile. dueling and wholesale robbery and slaughter will no longer be tolerated, "Mrs. W. T. Shennan got the Golbut that time will only be firmly estab- den Rose as a special mark of favor lished by the acknowledgment of the for her service to the Church; and it Lordsl:ip of Christ. was too much for her, as she died soon after. The Pope curst Italy as he had curst England, and excommuni- POPE'S BLESSING AND CURSING cated King Humbert for taking the Evidently the so-called papal coun- papal dominions and making Rome the tries of the world do not stand in as capital of the kingdom. Since then superstitious awe of the supreme pon- she has risen from being a cipher tiff as in past centuries. The diffusion among the nations to be a voice and of intelligence is as fatal to the bond- a power in the councils of Europe. He age of bigotry and the servility of ab- curst Germany, and she became the ject fear as is the diffusion of light to greatest power on the continent.

the reign of literal darkness. This "The Pope blest the French show-

man, Boulanger, and in less than two dread the special marks of the Pope's weeks he had to flee to Germany for favor with such a history. It would refuge, and became an exile in Guern- be madness to ignore this dreadful sey. The Princess of Brazil, when record and its manifest instruction to near her accouchement,· requested the the Christians of the globe."

interposition of the Pope and his bless- In view of all these facts the writer ing on her child. She received it, and seems to infer not only that the Pope's the child was born deformed. Max- blessing and cursing carries no power, milian was killed a short time after but that they often work contrary re- being blest by the Pope as Emperor of sults, the benediction being as dan- Mexico, and his wife became insane gerous as the malediction. Evidently after going to Rome and receiving the the world is getting impatient of auto- benediction. cratic control.

"August, 1895, the Archbishop of TWO OF OUR EDITORS Damascus, in addressing the Spanish troops at Vittoria when about to start Our esteemed editorial associate, for Cuba, declared that the Pope, like Rev. F. B. Meyer, of London, has re- a new Moses, had raised his hands to cently been elected to the office of heaven and prayed for victory. We President of the World's Sunday- know the result. The Spanish arms, school Association. It is an important the queen regent, and boy king have office, which he will fill with ability had his blessing many times. On the and honor. Doctor Meyer has recently last occasion it was at the commence- resigned his pastorate of Christ Church ment of the Spanish-American war, to take up general work among the and the result was that Spain was mis- churches of England and America.

erably defeated, her navies sunk, her In this work he has been greatly used foreign possessions dropt from her in the past, and we believe that an . grasp, and the once proud leading state open door of service is before him.

in Europe sank into insignificance; Weare pleased to announce the the remnants of her troops returned election of Rev. Louis Meyer, of Cin- home ragged, miserable and sick. cinnati, to our editorial staff. Mr.

"The Grand Bazaar de Charite in Meyer has been for some years a Paris on May 4, 1897, had the papal pastor in Hopkinton, Ia., and has nuncio to deliver the benediction. It more recently been traveling in the in- was scarcely five minutes afterward terests of the Chicago Hebrew Mis- when the building was in flames, and sion, as he is deeply concerned for the nearly one hundred and fifty of the salvation of Israel. He is an author- society ladies of Paris lost their lives. ity on Jewish missions and has for The late Empress of Austria was the some years given editorial assistance recipient of the Golden Rose, accom- by furnishing notes on missions to panied by Leo's blessing. That did Jews, by translations from foreign not pr.otect her from the dagger of the periodicals and by other contributions.

assasstn. We welcome him to a closer fellow- "It is not superstition to regard with ship in our work for Christ. EUROPE student of missions. We quote from it figures concerning Asia, the coun- A Roman Catholic Method of Baptism try in which Roman Catholic mission- z.. ies have been at work for more than The Star of Africa (April), a Ro- 400 years. According to Streit, India man Catholic missionary magazine, (English, British, French, Dutch, contains a story which throws light etc.) contained in 1905: 2,977,500 na- upon the manner in which some Ro- tive Roman Catholic Christians, while man Catholic converts from heathen- 1,677 European priests, 608 European ism are baptized. The writer, a Palot- brothers, and 4,182 European sisters tine monk, says: were at work. The 4,913 schools con- tained 2I 3,722' pupils. It was in Engelberg (a Roman Catholic missionary station in Kamerun). I stood In China, including Tibet, Mongolia in our coco-plantation, watching the la- and Manchuria, there were 931,000 borers, which is a rather monotonous oc- native Roman Catholic Christians, cupation, so that I observed everything that with 1,228 priests, 195 brothers, and happened to pass by. A young woman came 659 sisters of European birth. The upon the scene, crying softly. I asked the 5>433 schools contained 97,042 pupils. cause of her tears, but her answer was: "You can not help me." I told her that In Japan were 59,50:) native Roman white men frequently knew more than black Catholics, with 122 European priests, men, and added, "Tell me your worries and, 74 European brothers, and 173 Euro- if I can, I will gladly help you." Then she pean sisters, while 33 schools con- drew 'oack a cloth, and I saw a newly-born tained 4,628 pupils. child so severely wounded that there was no hope for its recovery. I felt my inability In Korea were 64,000 native Romar. to render assistance, bnt I desired to save Catholics with 44 European priests that child for heaven, and I said to the wom- and 8 European sisters. The 58 an, "Go to the mission and have the child schools contained 578 pupils. baptized." Her harsh answer was, "I will not do it." I reasoned with her, using all We tldd for the better understanding my powers of persuasion, but in vain. Si- of these figures that Raman Catholic lently I prayed to the guardian angel for missionaries came to India near the help. Oh, if I only had a little water with end of the fifteenth century, to China me ! But, alas, I did not' carry any. As I in 1580, to Japan in 1549, and to walked with the woman, trying to change Korea in I754. The total male misher mind, we reached a tiny pond on the sionaries is thus 3,948 and of female road. Suddenly I said to her, "Show me 5,022. The schools number IO,437, the babe once more." She obeyed. I prayed and pupils 315,970. Converts are put to God that He migbt bless the water and down as 4,032,000, but these figtires, my work, and in a moment the babe was of course, include all adherents of the baptized in the name of Mary. In the Roman Catholic Church, however evening I heard that the child had died be- nominal and slight may be their intelfore the wom:l11 reached. the village. She ligence and fidelity to Christ. was not the mother, but had carried the babe to a medicine-man who had been uno' Progress in Italy able to help it. I now understood the woman's unwillingness to have me baptize the When the attitude of the Roman child which was not her own. Yet it was Church in regard to education in Italy wei! as it was, for otherwise the poor crea- and Spain is allowed for, it can not ture would have died unbaptized. but be regarded as a sign of singular progress that a monthly review, La This monk's action and words illus- Vita F emminita I taliana, has ~en trate forcibly the manner in which started at Milan, with the view of many Roman Catholic converts from helping forward female education and heathenism are gained. the improvement of the social and moral as well as the economic condi- Roman Catholic Missionary Statistics tions of the women of Italy. Recent A Roman Catholic missionary atlas has just been published by Father Streit, S. V. D. It covers in its maps and in its statistics the Roman Catholic missions throughout the world and is therefore of great importance for the conferences held in that city have had well known to our readers, who also under consIderation the important know of the blessed revival which the questions of public morality, the duties Lord sent among the native Christians of maternity, the physical and other of that beautiful island. The Society education of girls, the establishment of again closed its year with a deficit, schools for the girls of the poorest smaller than in the two preceding classes, and other subj ects bearing vears, but still a deficit. The deficit of directly upon the material (and in- i905 was $28,500, that of 1906 $5 I ,- directly upon the spiritual) advance- 000, and that of 1907 $24,200 (de- ment of Italian women. The new creased on May 20th to $15,500). Be- movement, to which the review gives sides the call for money to pay this voice, has been organized none too deficit, the Society calls earnestly for soon, and it should prove helpful in lifting the cloud of ignorance which consecrated laborers. So great IS the has been permitted to settle over a very large section of the Italian race. need of men that already one station -Indian Witness. . in the French Kongo has been closed.

Protestantism or Unbelief in Spain Utrecht Missionary Union A correspondent of Evangelical The annual report of this active TIlis- Christendom writes of the changes sionary society is an interesting docunow going on in Spain: ment. It shows that there are em- ployed 16 missionaries in 13 stations Spain to-day is passing through a politico- in New Guinea and the Dutch East religious crisis, of which the end is only Indies (Halmaheira and Buru). The too clear unless gospel truth takes the place missionaries find open doors everyof superstition. The pity of it is that the where and are able to report many dogmas of Christianity are supposed to be conversions. The income of the Union the innovations of Rome, and the result is for 1906 was about $35,000, so that a that the nation rapidly moves toward un- small deficit of $1,600 was incurred. belief. To be an educated man is considered The Missionary Training School in synonymous with being an unbeliever. Rotterdam is especially prosperous Even in the villages the reaction against under the excellent management of Rome is visible, as the churches once filled Dr. H. M. van Nes. The Ladies' Aid are fast emptying, and the priest is con- Society proves of much value, not only sidered a survival of a religion that has lost by its financial contributions, but by its vitality and hold on the minds and con- stirring up interest within the congresciences of men. gations.

On the other hand, the persecution of the The London Society's Work evangelists by the authorities has practically ceased. Indifference, not Christian toler- At the annual meeting of this orance, is largely responsible for the altered ganization it was reported that the last policy, and the conversion of the queen is year's income reached iI75,979, of thrown in their teeth, with the remark: which nearly 132,000 were "raised and "For a crown the queen changed her creed. dispersed at the mission stations. What is your price?" Progress in Spain These stations have 85,388 churchhas been painfully slow. Many who sym- members and 274,285 adherents; while pathize with the reformers were kept away in 1,475 Sunday-schools there are 65,- from the services through fear Df friends 58r scholars, with 90,024 in the dayand acquaintances, but are now becoming schools. The situation in South Africa bolder and attend. The great evil to be received special attention, particularly overcome is no longer the blind, bigoted in view of the movement to federate superstition of the past, but the even more all the South African colonies into one terrible evil of unbelief, which is considered great commonwealth; and the question a necesary concomitant of progress. was asked how this would affect the native races. The natives had the The Paris MiuionlU7 Society right to be there; they were there be- fore the white man came, and they Founded in 1882, this great Society sustains work in Africa (Basutoland, Senegal, French Kongo, Rhodesia, and Madagascar) and in Polynesia. The difficulties which its missionaries in Madagascar have now to face are

GENERAL MISSIONARY

would remain. The new educational Nigeria, areas more recently occupied, institution at Tiger Kloof was justify- abundant fruit is being gathered. The ing hopes, and taking a good place society has been at work beyond the among the training schools of the Zambesi for fourteen years. The piocountry. The important announce- neer missionary party were the first ment was made that the responsible Europeans to enter Mashukulumbwecharge of the old mission stations land, and did so under threat of masestablished in what is now Cape Col- sacre. A remarkable change has come ony is passing entirely into the hands over the social and moral condition of of the Congregational Union of South the people. In Nigeria the church has Africa, and that before long the work before it an open door. During the of the L. M. S. will be limited to past twelve months three new stations Bechuanaland and Matabeleland." have been established and six churches and schoolhouses built. Conspicuous Work of the British Friends in this connection is the magnificent service rendered by the Christian En- The ecclesiastical descendants of deavor societies. George Fox, numbering less than 25,- 000, raised upward of $200,000 for Jewish Missions in Great Britain missions last year, and sustained work in five fields: India, Ceylon, Madagas- The London Jews' Society, greatest car, Syria and China. The mission- of all Jewish missionary societies, held aries number 105, and the native its annual meeting in the large Exeworkers 1,114. There are 261 schools, ter Hall on May 3. The review of the with I 1,924 under instruction. The year shows that the work of the Sochurches formed number 189, the ciety is carried on at 48 missionary church-members 2,798 and the ad- centers in Europe, Asia, Africa, and herents 18,168. America, where 228 missionary agents are employed. Every branch of the British Baptist Missions work has been maintained. with effi- ciency. The educational work has The Baptist Missionary Society re- been productive of much good, and ports that last year was one of remark- the open-air services in London have able success. In India the baptisms been drawing large congregations of numbered 695; in China 686; in Jews. The aggregate income from Africa 736. In all fields (apart from all sources last year amounted to the West Indies) 2,195. There are $195,600, a slightly smaller amount now 961 stations and sub-stations, than the previous year. The Society with 18,606 church-members, and 36,- will celebrate its centenary in Febru- 000 day and Sabbath scholars. More- ary, 1909. over, India, China, Africa, call for more men, more teachers. Never was The Hebrew Christian Testimony the heathen world so rich in opportu- to Israel, founded and carried on by nities for missionary enterprise. Messrs. Baron and Schonberger, held Everywhere we see the open door for its annual meeting on April 8, when the Gospel. its workers in London and Budapest reported much interest in the Gospel Primitive Methodist Missions among the Jews, and hopeful prog- ress. Mr. Baron and one of his work- The first African mISSIOn was ers started on the following day on a planted by this Church in 1870 on the missionary tour in Palestine, where island of Fernando Po, in the deadliest they hope to reach the Jews who have climate and among the most unprom- lately come from Russia. ising tribes on the West Coast. Shortly afterward a mission was commenced The Barbican Mission to the Jews at Aliwal North, Cape Colony, which held its annual meeting on May 16, is to-day the largest and most pro- in St. Paul's Church, Onslow Square. gressive circuit in the connection. In Rev. H. W. Webb-Peploe, the presi- Northwestern Rhodesia and Southern

dent of the Society, took the chair, chow, this work has spread into Yunhaving baptized three young Jews nan, and there times of blessing are just before the meeting. The annual being experienced. During the year report showed earnest and successful no fewer than I,500 people have, in work done during the year in every Kwei-chow alone, been received into department. the church, while there are large num- bers of candidates for admission.•The The London Cit" Missiol1, in work number of baptisms for the whole among the Jews, e-mploys 6 missiona- country was at least 3,600. ries-four among the Jews in the east of London, and two in the west. Many Among other items of exceptional Jews have become inquirers, and some interest mention was made of the fact have been baptized, among them a that at Changteh (Hunan) the native most devout Jew, highly respected by Christians have given to the mission his neighbors, who had withstood property valued at $500, as the cente;' Christ for years. for an out-station. At another cente" a private temple has been transformec, The British]e1t'S' Society commem- into a chapel; while in a village where orated its sixty-fourth anniversary at about one-third of the inhabitants have Exeter Hall on May 10. The secre- become Christians one of the three tary announced that the Society enters public temples has, by mutual consent, . upon another year's work with a seri- been transferred to the converts for ous deficit and that certain vacancies use as a place of worship. in the mission stations can not be filled until the income is considerably in- AMERICA creased. The income for 1906 was $28,- 000. The Society has missions in Great Baptist Conventions Britain, Germany, Austria, Russia, Turkey and Italy. Its work in. Lon- Rev. H. Allen Tupper, D.D., LL.D., don has been especially successful last pastor of the Fifteenth Street Baptist year, and efforts are being made to Church, Brooklyn, sends the followraise money for a building in the west ing notes on "The Great Baptist Con- ventions at 'Washington, Richmond, of London. and Jamestown": The Presbyterian Jewish Mission The month of May, 1907, will ever be Committee reported to the Synod memorable in the history of the American (May 10), and the convener had a Baptists. In three historic places, Washcheering story to tell of success in the ington, Richmond, and on the grounds of breaking down of prejudice and the the Jamestown Exposition, great conventurning of Jewish hearts to Christ, tions of Baptists were held; the spirit of both in Aleppo and in East and West unity and enthusiasm prevailing through- London. A number of Jews have out the sessions. It was estimated that been baptized during the year. over 2,000 visitors were present at the an- niversaries in the national capital. China Inland Mission Report The American Baptist Publication Soci- The income for last year reached ety, in its eighty-second annual report, $226,855 in Great Britain. At the be- showed great prosperity. The periodical ginning of the year the roll contained circulation reached 52,000,000 copies; the the names of 875 workers, while the aggregate receipts in the publishing destations numbered 203. The year has partment for the year were $664,695; and been marked by rich blessing in the the total amount received from all sources field. From a number of districts re- during the year was $866,750. As a result ports have been received of remark- cif the work, in sixteen years, there have able movements of the Holy Spirit. been 5,325 baptisms and 14,000 profest con- The most notable of these was the versions. wonderful spiritual awakening among the aboriginal tribes of the sout~­ The session of the American Baptist western provinces. Beginning in Kwel- Home Mission Society opened with a stir- ring address by Secretary Moorehouse on "Seventy-five years work of the So<:iety," in which he traced the remarkable history of this organization in its evangelization of the waste places in America, from the day

19°7] GENERAL MISSIONARY

of small things, in I832, to this time, when by its missionaries as to the men and the Society is spending over $800,000 a year money they need for caring for their for the uplifting of the ignorant and Christ- part of this great work. From these less, from the Atlantic to the Pacific and reports they are led to ask for 4,000 in Cuba and Porto Rico. Illissionaries and $6,000,000 a year, and 1,000 men, gathered in convention The birth of the Northern Baptist Con- from the length and breadth of the vention makes these May anniversaries for- land ratify the call and pledge themever memorable. For years there has been .selves to answer it. Presbyterianism a growing sense that the Northern Bap- never rendered a greater service to the tists needed an organization more represen- cause of humanity. and Christianity tative and less fragmentary than the ones than in setting this magnificent exthat convened at the "Anniversaries." The arnple.-Indian Witness. Convention was made provisional; it can never be a legislative body; and it will Y.M.C.A. Building Operations merely. give occasion for the denomination to utter its voice on the great questions of This great organization is nothing the day. Governor Hughes was elected its if not aggressive, even upon the matefirst president. rial side of its world-work. In Lon- don a campaign is on foot to raise The Southern Baptist Convention met on $1,000,000 for a great structure in its sixty-second anniversary in the historic memory of Sir George Williams; in capital city of Virginia. It was the largest the city of Mexico they are raising gathering in the history of the body; and $250,000 for a headquarters; in the splendid success of the boards gave in- Buenos Ayres $200,000 for a similar spiration and enthusiasm to the hosts of purpose; in Manila $I 20,000. In Baptists from the South and Southwest. Panama four buildings have recently This Board works in cooperation with the been erected by the government and Colored National Baptist Convention and put under the care of the Association. the American Baptist Home Mission Society in some fields. What the Tract Socie~)" is Doing Most fittingly were the grounds of the A striking view of the many-sided Jamestown Exposition selected as the place Christian work effected by the circulafor the first session of the General Conven- tion of the printed page is presented tion of Baptists of North America. Rep- in the statistics to be found in the anresentatives from Rhode Island and Vir- nual report of the American Tract ginia, where the first b3ttles for religious Society. The messages have reached liberty were fought in our land, were given readers through the hands of evangelprominent parts in the program; and the ists, chaplains, street-preachers, visitpresident of the convention was presented ors to institutions, colporteurs, and with a gavel, the head of which was made other workers among our immigrants. of wood taken from the first Baptist Meet- Libraries have been supplied to educaing House of Providence, R. 1., and the tional institutions, the colored people handle taken from the wood of the first of the South, and frontier towns. Vis- Baptist edifice west of the Mississippi River. itors have gone from home to home The deliverances of the representatives of carrying reading-matter and doing a denomination which includes 50,000 personal work. Colporteurs to the churches, 5,000,000 members and which has number of 104 have been employed invested $Ioo,OOO,OOO in church property, during the year. and $50,000,000 in education, were forceful and influential; and the prospects of this The scope of the work is indicated people are as bright as the promises of by facts in regard to the new publica- ticns, which include a new edition of God. the lIpongwe hymn-book, a life of Christ in Zulu, a grammar and dic- A New Era in Missions tionary in Buluba-Lulua, the language of 10,000,000 in the Kongo Free State. Look around. Ten years ago en- thusiastic students began to talk of evangelizing the world in a generation.

Now a company of influential business men in America have actually begun to send out members of a large com- mittee to inspect the missionary work of the world to see what measures are needed to furnish the proper equip- ment for the evangelization of the world in a generation. Then a great Church has had careful estimates made I

Other tongues represented are German, to learn and speak, in order to do their Spanish, Italian, ~olish, Bohemian, work, more than 30 languages. The Hungarian, Ruthenian, Slovak, the past year the Board sent out 49 new whole list of languages, dialects, and missionaries, of whom 7 are medical characters numbering 174. Millions missionaries.

of copies of periodicals have gone oilt, The Board has now under its care and the literature for free distribution 1,145 educational institutions. These represented 34,818,000 pages of tracts. include schools of all grades from the Baptiata e.nd the Negroes primary up to the university. The total number of scholars in the schools The American Baptist Home Mis- is 36,924, and the total number of con- sion Society does a great work on be- versions in the various churches of the half of the negroes of America, par- missions was 1 1,106. The Board has ticularly in the direction of Christian 139 principal stations, 2,062 out-sta- education. It expends $190,000 annu- tions, 889 American missionaries, ally, and about 70,000 pupils have been 3,129 native workers, including or- enrolled in its schools. Thousands of dained men, licentiates, helpers and these pupils have been converted while teachers, 441 organized churches, with in the schools, and some have become 70447 communicants.

ministers, some missionaries. Fore- The total receipts from all sources, most in the ranks of the negro Baptists churches, Sunday-schools, Young Peo- ~f the United States are men and ple's socit;ties, individuals and legacies, women who studied in these institu- for the year were $1,227,931.

tions. Philanthrophy iB New York City American Board Items Few people comprehend the magni- The American Board has received a tude of philanthropic work in a great large legacy from the estate of George city like New York. The directory of H. Weston, of Boston, the exact charitable societies fills a volume of amountof which is not yet determined. 800 pages and contains the names of But something over $100,000 will be r,405 nonreligious organizations, as available this year, with more to fol- follows: low. Under the new rule for legacies Societies for prevention of evil. ……. 3II only one-third will be expended this Care of needy in their homes……. .. 473 year. The benefit thus will be spread Relief for the sick……………….. I36 over a series of years. Relief for adult poor…………….. lIS The Board reports a steady growth Sanitary improvement ……………. 1I3 of the "Conditional Gift Fund." This Relief for the defective…………… 52 Homes for neglected children.. . . . . . . . . 74 is an arrangement whereby persons Relief for sick children…………… I9 convey property on which it pays them Employment agencies ……………. 38 an annuity. At death the property at Reformatories for adults. . . . . . . . . . . . .. SS once becomes available. The "Condi- Reformatories for children………… 39 tional Gifts" now amount to nearly Nearly 1,000 men and women re- $700,000, and scarcely a week goes by ceive salaries, and about as many more without some such offer. They come devote their time and strength to the in sums ranging from a few hundred work without remuneration.

dollars to many thousands. Many be- Southem Presbyterian AdvanCfl come so pleased with the working of the plan that they keep adding to their The Foreign Mission Board of the gifts. Southern Presbyterian Church now has an income of about $275,000 a Presbyterian Mission Work year. The report to the General As- The Board of Foreign Missions of • sembly this year asks that this be in- the Presbyterian Church in the United creased to $r ,000,000, in order to en- States has 27 missions in 16 different large their force so as to make possible lands, and its missionaries are required the evangelization of about 25,000,000

MISSIONARY

of people. The membership of the This school is one of the best in Church is 250,000. This advance Palestine, and with its earnest corps of would call for an average of four dol- teachers is greatly helping in the lars per member. The newly-organized training of Christian leaders in the. Laymen's Missionary Movement en- land now opprest by the tyranny of dorsed this proposed advance and the Turk. Mr. Kelsey deserves the pledged itself to cooperate in securing generous support of Christians of all it. The Movement is in the hands of creeds. some of the strongest laymen of the South, and has every prospect of great Is New England to Become Catholic? success. It was deemed essential to the largest success that a secretary be The Pilot, calling attention to the secured at once to give his whole time centenary next year of the creation of to the work. It was decided to do this, a Roman Catholic bishop for Boston, and $2,200 a year for two years was and to the fact that Archbishop Willpledged on the spot for this purpose. iams now sees 8 dioceses where he only No difficulty is anticipated in in- saw I when a youth in Boston, claims creasing this amount to $4,000 or sixty-five per cent. of the population $5,000 a year. of Boston as Roman Catholic, and the Catholic population of New England Indians Better Than White Men as 2,087,585. There have been few more striking alterations of status in It is claimed that the best elements history than the present condition of Roman Catholics in New England, and in the recent Oklahoma Constitutional they are to be led, if Archbishop-elect O'Connell's life is spared during the Convention had the Indian delegates next generation or more, by a very able, resourceful, intellectual leader. as their core of intellectual and ethical Work for French Canadians authority, men educated in missionary Many of the French Canadians are schools and at Princeton, Yale and fine people, but many more are ex- tremely ignorant and superstitious- Harvard, the fruit of home missions without God and without true hope in this world or the next. A little book, and Christianization of the American entitled "The Priest," published at Masson, Quebec, with the approbation Indian. Commenting on this fact the of the Archbishop of Ottawa, is blas- Nashville Christian Advocate says: phemolls and dangerous in its teach- ings as to the place which the priest Practically all of these men spent their is said to occupy, even more important boyhood in mision-schools. Before they than that of Mary or Jesus Christ. For could go to Princeton or to Harvard or to example, the author says: "Every- Yale they had to get the rudiments of an thing has come by the priest . . . education. They had even to acquire a taste God's benefits are of no account withand a longing for an education. It was the out the priest." missionary, patiently delving for these hidden treasures, laboriously dealing, one by one, Presbyterians, Methodists, Angelwith the shy and stolid individuals-parents icans and Baptists are working to first, children later-who laid the founda- give these benighted and misguided tion for the present noteworthy results. The souls the true light of life. One of the Indian gentleman; alert, well-trained, wel!- successful Baptist agencies is "The dressed, able to take care of himself in an Grande-Ligne Mission" of Quebec, important deliberative body, wearing the where the spirit of the people is repdecorations of scholarly societies and the resented by a statue of Loyola crushair of a thoroughly educated American, at- ing out the life'of the Protestant Reftracts the attention and the admiration of ormation. This mission has had much the correspondent of the metropolitan newspaper.

Palestine Missionaries in America Mr. and Mrs. A. Edward Kelsey of the Friends' Mission at Ramallah, Pal- estine, have recently returned to the United States on account of Mrs. Kel- sey's ill health. While here Mr. Kel- sey is seeking to raise the mopey for much-needed buildings for the boys'

school. ' success but finds great difficulty from ever, seeking to stem the tide, rescue of riots, the Roman Catholic priests and the individuals and build lighthouses lack money to carryon the work. to reveal the danger points. Many The Grande-Ligne Mission has, kinds of buildings are brought into since r835, organized and maintained requisition for services. Sheds, school- Feller Institute, and at different times houses, tents, dwellings, meSS-fooms, 14 other schools in the Province of etc. Separate meetings are held for Quebec. In these schools over 7,000 whites and blacks. The Episcopalians young people have been educated; 60 use a small church in Colon, erected have become missionaries, IS have la- by the Panama Canal Company, and bored in the Umted States and 6 upon have built another in Panama. The the foreign field. Many have become Wesleyans have now a roomy build- teachers, about 40 physicians, 12 uni- ing, including a mission house, in versity professors, and many others Colon, and worship in' a large railway have entered other professions. warehouse in Panama. There are three It is operating through its mission- other small churches in the Canal aries and colporteurs in about 50 Zone, but "what are these among so parishes in Quebec and Ontario, and many?" S. M. Leveridge of the Bap- until recently in ,Manitoba and Nova tist Church, is working among the ne- Scotia. groes in five stations: Paraiso, Cule- The Grande-Ligne churches re- bra, Las Cascadas, Matachin, and Fri- ported, at their associational gathering joles.

in June, forty-five baptisms, and con- The Y.M.C.A. is also proving a tributions amounting to $3,854.42 ior blessing to government employees in all purposes-about seven dollars per Panama. The United States Govern- member. ment has not hesitated to subsidize it The' missionaries made over 2,500 on the ground that it is the duty of missionary and pastoral visits last year the government to preserve the moral and entered 6,736 houses to offer the as well as the physical health of the Word of God.* builders of the great waterway. The Protestants in Mexico Y.M.C.A. is the best available agency, the one with the greatest experknce According to latest reports the Prot- and success. estant denominations having missions in Mexico have 187 missionaries, 207 Baptiat Mission to SOuth America native preachers, 267 teachers and na- The Baptists of England propose a tive helpers, and 22,369 church-mem- new mission to the Aborigines of bers. It is estimated that these mis- South America, provided for by the sions represent a total Protestant pop- bequest of Mr. Arthington. This will ulation of from 60,00::)' to I I I ,000, out make the South American Mission a of Mexico's 14,000,000 inhabitants. practical issue. It starts with $10,000 The value of Protestant church mis- and has the promise of more. A comsion property has reached the sum of mittee is to be appointed to investigate the mission to the heathen tribes of $1,668,000.

Religion in Panama "The Neglected Continents." Keen Most of those who g-o to the Canal ,observers believe that South America Zone seem to become inoculated with in the near future is to be the great conthe virus of irreligion. They soon tinent. It is twice the size of Europe, follow the crowd in using the day for twice the size of China, four times as pleasure without a tinge of Chris- large as India, and contains one-eighth of the land surface of the world. tianity. Various churches are at work, how- In it are more than 300 tribes which are at present uncivilized. There is *' AU contrIbutions to he sent to David Bentley, no work known among them save that Treasurer G. L. M., r06 :r-.otre Dalne street West Montreal. p, O. Bo..: 96. among the Chaco Indians in Paraguay. This will be the first effort so the structure, which is substantially far as the Mission knows of any mod- built, is of brick coated with white ern missionary society that will un- plaster. Broad verandas surround the dertake this work. The difficulty to be entire building, which contains 19 determined is whether to attempt to separate wards as well as several other reach these tribes from the south, the rooms. The story of how the hospital east or the west. There are 1,300,000 came to be erected is of somewhat ex- Indians in Brazil, 800,000 of whom ceptional interest; we are told that it are uncivilized. By way of the Ama- was built by funds contributed almost, zon it is easier to reach these tribes if not entirely, by non-Christian Hin- from England than known anywhere dus, many of them men of wealth, who else in the civilized world. The H cr- felt greatly indebted to Doctor Van Allen (who is in charge at the present ald says: time) for the medical and surgical aid "Difficulties are but food to brave he had rendered to them personally or to their friends. The funds were given men. In comparison with the Kongo, by these Hindus without any condithe approach is simplicity itself, and tions whatever, with the clear underhaving conquered the one shall we standing that it was to be a Christian be baffled by the other? It will be in- institution, in which the Gospel' was to deed a singular thing to find ourselves be preached daily and the Bible taught on two rubber rivers."

ASIA in all the wards. The hospital is open The Progress of Indian Women day and night for the treatment of the It is significant that such facts sick, and patients come long distances should be true and be recorded in an Indian daily journal as are noted in for such treatment. The value of such this paragraph from the Indian Mirror: an institution, not merely from an V,'hile we have been all congratulating humanitarian but from a Christian point of view, can not readily be esti- mated. .

ourselves on the awakening of our women, Liberality of the Karen Christians it is really pleasing to find H. H., the Begum of Bhopal, taking occasion to discant on the The Indian National Missionary lJ;- advantages of education among her subjects. telligcnccr says: "The following facts We have few female ruling chiefs in India, concerning one of the Karen churches and the Begum of Bhopal and her predeces- sors from her grandmother downward have in Burma are too valuable to be albeen distinguished for their educational at- lowed to be lost. In a certain district tainments and statesmanship. The speech there are 13,000 church-members. she made at the Alexandra Nobles' School They give annually Rs. 73,823 for is one of which even an educated prince would be proud. The speech· itself fur- self-support, meeting thereby all the nishes another illustration of India's prog- expenditure on pastors, evangelists, ress, and the womankind of India ought to theological seminary, students and feel proud of counting such a noble woman teachers. Besides this, they contribute as the Begum as one of them. Education among Mohammedan women is proceeding Rs. 6,450 for their home missionary apace, and it is really a pleasure to read society, the women alone making Rs. some of the articles contributed oy some 2,600. They also support two workers Mohammedan women to the pages of the among the Kachins; Rs. 100,000 has Indian Ladies' lvfaga:::ine of Madras. With such enlightened leaders as the Maharani been collected for an endowment of of Baroda and the Begum of ·Bhopal, the their church fund. The missionary infuture of India's women appears to be very formed us that the people w:JI also bright. contribute their share toward the Nac tional Missionary Society of India. A Fine Hospital in India A recent number of the Missionary ille wonder if there is one mission dis- Herald gives a picture of the hospital trict in India that can in any way ap- at Madura. It represents a building proach this in gifts for the kingdom of .

of exceptionally pleasing appearance; God." The Tibetan Sacred Book for union which are already found in partial operation in India, the Philip- The Tibetan Kah-gyur, or Sacred pines, Korea, Japan and South Book, which corresponds to our Bible, Africa." consists of lOS volumes of 1,000 pages each, containing 1,083 separate books. Arthur H. Smith, one of the ablest Each of the volumes weighs IO pounds, of missionaries, expresses a similar and forms a package 26 inches long, judgment. He says the dominant note 8 inches broad, and 8 inches deep. of the conference has been that of This book requires a dozen yaks unity and progress. "Advantage was (oxen) for its transport, and the taken of the opportunity for holding carved wooden blocks from which it union meetings of groups closely reis printed need rows of houses, like a lated by faith and polity, in advance of city, for their storage. A tribe of the conference itself, and this in sev- Mongols paid 7,000 oxen for a copy eral instances paved the way for furof this book. In addition to the book ther and wider action. Thus the itself, there are 225 volumes of com- Anglican bodies, the Church Mismentaries, which are necessary for its sionary Society, the Church of Engunderstanding. There is also a large land mission (high church) and the collection of revelations which supple- American Protestant Episcopal misment it. sion, met for the first time and took forward steps, the results of which it The Great Theme at Shanghai is too early to forecast. The eleven different Presbyterian bodies have car- Harlan P. Beach writes to the Con- ried a step further the organization of gregationalist that the dominant factor their groups, similar action being in of the Conference and its main con- progress for other denominations. The tribution to the missionary enterprise conference has voted without opposiwas the spirit of unity and federation tion to encourage the formation of which culminated in the reports of the such general units with a view to a committees on the Chinese Church, larger union later on, this being reand that on Comity and Federation. garded as a first and an important "While at times the feeling was tense step. The committee on federation as the differentiae in faith and practise will recommend the formation of local of the fifty odd societies represented and provincial councils of Chinese were brought to the touchstone of Christians regardless of denominaunity, a prevailing atmosphere of tional lines, and out of these it is hoped prayer and brotherliness came off vic- may be developed a national council, torious, and the conference recom- flexible yet efficient to promote a sense mended the formation of a union un- of common interests to be promoted der the name, The Christian Federa- in a common way." tion of China. This vote, with its implications and the result arrived at What Milne Dared to Hope concerning the native Christian church, now numbering 178,251 baptized mem- Had Robert Morrison been perbers led by 3,445 missionaries, consti- mitted in his day to look in upon one tute the greatest object-lesson in of the sessions of the Shanghai Con- Christian unity and cooperation to be ference, he would have thought himfound in the mission world. Its self suddenly transported to some strongest advocates and abettors were mount of transfiguration. Milne, his the Anglicans, whose chief spokesmen associate, estimated, as the record were the American bishops, Roots and shows, that at the rate of progresl' Graves: The indigenous church has then reached it was reasonable to hope now before it a bright future, and that in one hundred years China would missionaries from other lands will find have 1,000 converts. The hundred the deliverances of this conference years have just expired, and instead of most helpful in developing the schemes 1,000 the various missions report 178,-

GE~ERAL MISSIONARY

0::)0 cOlllmunicants and about 800,000 city. Standing on the "five-storied pagoda" which is located on the highest point ~f adherents.. ground in the region, one secures a view of Morrison s Debt to America. the vast metropolis which is not easily for- gott~n. ~[he minimum estimate of the pop- Tho much has recently been spoken ulatlOn IS 2,000,000 souls, but many give and written concerning the sublime larger figures, and if Fah Tay, across the venture made bv Robert :Morrison a river, related as Brooklyn to Manhattan be hundred years ago, probably few are included, probably the total would appro'ach aware of the fact that but for Amer- 3,000,000. A new "Bund" is being built ican sympathy and cooperation his which will extend the full length of the work for China wOllle! have been im- river front. The foreign settlement, known possible. No British ship coulc! take as Sha Meen, is like a beautiful piece of him to China, and hence he journeyed Europe set down at the edge of China. via X cw York Cit,·, in an American vessel; his passag~ was paid by an The largest missionary enterprise in this American Presbyterian elder, and he province is conducted by the Presbyterian could only live in China as an Amer- Church, but about a dozen other agencies ican citizen. are at work, including the London Mission- ary Society, the Southern Baptists, the American Board, the English Wesleyan and others.

A Strange Spectacle for China Robert Morrison and Seamen A letter in the London S peetalor by The one hundreth anniversary of • Bishop Maule, of mid-China, now in the beginning of Protestant missions the fiftieth year of his missionary in .China and the work of caring for service in China, tells of a concert seamen are closely related. The ro- given in a Church Missionary Society mantic storY of the life and work of hall in Hangchow, in aid of the famine Robert l'IIo;rison, the pioneer mission- relief fund. It was planned by Mr..

ary, reveals the force and foresight of Chou, a native Presbyterian, and ac- the man in his establishing a Seamen's tively supported by missionaries of Rest in China. If the merchants, more than one Christian church, bv the traders and diplomats are scarcely able officers of a native regiment, by -J ap- to stand the temptations of a heathen anese residents, and members of the city, how can we expect the sa.ilors to leading Chinese families of the city.

walk uprightly and keep in the ways Every ticket was eagerly bought, and of right living? The pioneer mission- the audience numbered 1,000. At the ary saw the evil effects of allowing close contributions were invited for the seamen to wander aimlessly about the famine fund, and upward of $400 on shore leave when the crafty Chinese were handed in. "I have lived," wrote were ready to supply them with cheap Bishop :Maule, "to see many unlooked distilled spirits to inflame the animal for changes in unchanging China, but passions of the men. Wise man that none more surprizing or more hopeful he was, he did not denounce their sins for the future than this first public or preach to the men; he set about to concert, which united in friendly co- win them from the places of evil by operation, with a charitable object, establishing a "trap for their good." four nationalities, three or four Chris- He opened a coffee shop in a conspicu- tian denominations, and non-Chris- ous place and posted up bills inviting tians, both Chinese and Japanese."

the sailors to come to the place of Missionary Attacked in China cheer. S. Pollard, of the Bible Christian ClUna's Largest City Mission, was severely beaten by Chinese and Aborigines in the province Rev. Howard A. Johnston writes: Canton is the largest city in Asia. It is of Yunnan, about midnight on the spread over an immense stretch of land and roth of April. At first it was thought water, for most of the Chinese houses arc that the wounds were mortal; but Mr. only one story high, and thousands of the James Stark, of the China Inland regular population live in the boats that crowd the rivers and canals of the great Mission, writes that the doctor after-

ward expected him to recover: We helper confest to still larger transactions of have not vet received details with like nature. He mortgaged his property to regard to this sad occurrence; but the . make it square. Another, with tears streamdeepest sympathy is felt for lVlr. Pol- ing and broken voice, confest, among other lard, as also for Mrs. Pollard, now in sins, to having taken some cigars and some England. money ten years ago from one who had loved him. As he tried to tell of his guilt For Better Treatment of the Chinese he cried out, "Oh ! it was my sins that drove the cruel nails; it was these hands of mine At the great Centennial Missionary that prest that crown of thorns into Christ's Conference in Shanghai, made up of precious brow!" The friend whose money delegates and visitors from all parts he had taken has been in America for some of China, the following resolution of- years; so he asked the missionaries to hunt fered by Rev. E. W. Thwing, of him up so that he could be paid back. Honolulu, was unanimously adopted: Tokens of Good in Korea Whereas it is most desirable in the interests of Christian Mission Work in China Three facts concerning religious that most friendly feelings continue be- conditions in Korea especially imprest tween China and other nations with a view W. T. Ellis, of the Philadelphia Press, to decreasing possible causes of irritation who recently made a tour of that occasioned by the restrictions placed on country. Mr. Ellis exprest himself as Chinese emigration to other lands: Re- follows: solved, that this Conf~rel1ce urges the Christian people in the lands where these re- 1. The receptivity of the Korean toward strictions are enforced, to do all in their Christianity in eagerness and sincerity. z. power to promote a kindly and friendly The thoroughness of the work of the mistreatment of the Chinese who come to these sionary and the vigilance with which the countries. church-membership is guarded. 3. The re- markable fact that the missionary has no A "straw vote" of Americans on time to go after people or to do any pioneer the S.S. M oltgoiia, en route from San evangelistic work; the Church is propa- Francisco to Yokohama, developed gating itself. Here, in two decades, has only one opposer, and he a Californian, been created a native Church that is wholly to a petition appealing to the Amer- self-supporing and self-extending. I have ican Government and people to apply 110 doubt that if the present missionary restrictions of immigration impartially force in Korea were quadrupled or sexto all races. tupled at once, practically the whole nation would become Christian in less than a score of years.

A Remarkable Revival The Hosts of Students in Japan Rev. W. M. Junkin, of Chunju, Mr. John B. Sleman, of Washing- ton, D. C, a member of Mt. Pleasant Korea, writes of his field as follows: Congregational Church, has been making a tour of the Orient with Mr. But the great thing for this quarter is the S. W. Woodward, a merchant of revival. At the rlasses and in country Washington. He speaks of the fact groups meetings h .ve been held, wonderfully blest by God. I shall try to describe that there are 80,000 Japanese and one of them, the meeting at Chunju. This 20,000 Chinese students in Tokvo, and meeting lasted about two weeks. A daily remarks: "We scarcely remember any noon prayer-meeting for natives and for- impression so striking as that which eigners was well <lottended. An afternoon came to us in Tokyo when we saw, day prayer-meeting for missionaries, sometimes after day, processions of students lasting half an hour; again, two or more passing, sometimes in a single drove, hours. At night, after much prayer, two thousands of young men going to and sermons. Then waiting before God. Scon from their recitations with books in one and another began to be convicted of their hands. There has probably never sin. Women would attempt to confess sins been such a situation in the history of and break into weeping. Men began to be the world with regard to the education moved in the same way. One woman con- of the youth of two empires as that fest to lying and stealing. Another the sin which obtains in Tokyo to-day." of living as a concubine, deciding to leave her husband. One of our helpers confest to having taken a sum of money for helping a fellow Christian in a law case. He sold his home to clear his conscience. Another

MISSIONARY

The Doshisha's New President publishing houses and printing estab- lishments. North of the equator Egypt There is rejoicing in Japan over the has more missionaries than any other choice of Rev. Tasuku Harada as the region; the West Coast countries come new president for the Doshisha. It is next. In South Africa, Cape Colonv thought his coming marks the dawn has the largest number of missionarie~, of a new era for the college, and tho Transvaal and Uganda have crowns the effort of the Japanese who the largest number of native assistants. have given themselves so nobly for its upbuilding during the years since the Fifty years ago, Krapf, the missionunfortunate experiences of the later ary, was laughed at for his dream of '90's. All are looking- with confidence a chain of missions across Central to Mr. Harada for the zeal and ability Africa, from ocean to ocean. Now his to fulfill the N eesima ideal. dream has come true. Thirty years ago Uganda was a pagan state, where AFRICA savagery was rampant. Now, as the result of a most heroic struggle, of its The American Mission in Egy~~ 700,000 inhabitants, 360,000 are strong Christians. In Cape Colony, where The United Presbyterians entered Moravian missionaries tried to work Egypt more than fifty years ago, and nearly two centuries ago, they were have met with continual success. But treated as criminals for attempting to the last decade (18<)5-1906) has wit- teach the blacks. Now Cape Colony nessed marked progress in every di- alone bas 700,000 Protestant Chrisrection; for example, in the church, tians, and 200,000 of these are colored. which has grown from 4,554 members to 9,349 ; in the educational work, The Qua Iboe Mission in Nigeria which touches 15,45 I lives as against 7,975 at the beginning of the period. Some 30 miles west of the mouth of the Cross River the Qua Iboe River A very good way to illustrate the enters the Bight of Benin. There an growth of this period is by drawing Irish. interdenominational mISSIOn, rectangles on paper or blackboard. with its headquarters in Belfast, has Let all rectangles have a base of ten been laboring for about 20 years. Ininches; one, two and a fourth inches dustrial, medical and educationa:I work high would represent the native church has been gradually developed. There in 1895; another, four and three-fifths are now I2 Europeans at work uninches high would represent the der the superintendence of Mr. Bill, church in 1906; another, four inches with 17 native helpers. The work is high would represent the extent of the manifestly prospering. Last year educational work in 1895; another, there were 83 baptisms; the number is seven and seven-tenths inches high now 913, and there are 299 inquirers. would represent the extent of the mis- There are about 770 scholars under sion school work to-day. instruction, and about 13,000 patients were ,treated. The native contribu- Concerning the Dark Continent tions amounted to £260.

Europe, India, China, and the A War Correspondent on African Missions Vnited States could all be laid down on the map of Africa and still have Edgar Wallace, the war correspondsome room left around the margins. ent of the LGlndon Daily Mail, who This huge continent has now 2.470 has been taking a tour through the missionaries, with 13,08<) native as- Kongo country, wrote in the highest iiistants. There are 4,789 places of terms on what he saw of the Kongo legular worship, 221,156 church-mem- Balolo Missions. He says in part: bers, and 527,790 profest Christians. There are in Africa 3,937 missionary I know missionaries in the South, I have schools, with 202,390 pupils. There seen their work in Cape Colony and Rhoare 95 hospitals and dispensaries, 16 desia, I know them in the North and East, and what the missionaries have done I can see with my eyes, and seeing, I am prouder Mission Work a.t Lovedale of my country and my countrymen and women, than ever I have been before. No How much is included in evangeli- battle I have witnessed, no prowess of arms, zing work is seen in the fact that in no exhibition of splendid courage in the a single issue of the Lovedale Chris- face of overwhelming odds, has inspired me tian Erpre.Js were articles on The as the work of these outposts of Chris- Need of Commercial Training for the tianity. . . . Natives; Industrial and Higher Edu- cation; and The Nemesis of Social People who talk glibly of "work in the Exclusiveness. The aim is not merely missionary field" are apt to associate that to convert, but to lift to Christian work with house to house visitations, and maturity, to fashion Christian Society. devotional services, and the distribution of charity; but in reality it means all these The Great Livingstonia Mission things, plus the building of the houses one visits, building of the churches in which one A Moravian bishop has recently worships, the inculcation in the native of a made a visit to the Livingstonia of the spirit of manliness, which renders charity United Free Church of Scotland, on superfluous. the west shores of Lake Nyasa. He says: Somebody told me that there was a difficulty in getting men and women for the The plateau on which the mission stamissionary work in Kongoland. Speaking frankly as a man of the world I do not tion is located is 3,000 feet above the l ahkae~ wonder. I would not be a missionary on and a windin g for. ox wagons the Kongo for 15,000 a year. That is a road worldly point of view. I do not think it is a v<;ry high standpoiQt It is a simple con- been recently constructed to connect the feSSIOn that I prefer the "flesh pots of Egypt" to the self-sacrifice and devotion mission with the lake. We found at Florthat the missionary life claims. Yet, were I a good Christian, and were I a missionary ence Bay, on a plateau 3,000 feet above hesitating in my choice of a field, I would say with Desdemona, "I do 'perceive, here, the lake, a village ·school, a manidddleanscheovoel~ a divine duty." a seminary for -teachers, A New Situation ln South Africa ning school for the apprentices of the South Africa is slowly recovering various trades carried on here. There from the effects of the war. Great are 77I native pupils, belonging to changes have resulted, an.d a new situation has arisen. Recognizing the fact eight or nine different tribes, and that the black races altogether out- taught by a small company of devoted number the whites, that they thrive missionaries. In the large room used for and multiply and must be accepted as a permanent majority of the popula- evening schoor, 200 scholars were being tion, those responsible for the govern- taught, tn an adjoining room 20 older perment are beginning to realize that education, industrial training, and the so! sons. were' receiving religious instruction; cial uplifting of the native races is a sine qua non of a prosperous, peace- and in the dining-room the students in the ful, and law-abiding community. seminary were being prepared in' the les- Even in South Africa pressure is sons to be taught the next morninfs In brought to bear upon the missions. to improve and develop their educational the afternoon these students are at work agencies so as to meet this recognized need. To this the missionaries are in the field or the shop. There is' a large now devoting much time and thought. carpenter's shop and a printing establish- The easy rate of progress (of which ment. Here many primer9 of the various the ox-wagon was the fitting symbol) that once sufficed no' longer satisfies. dialects and many copies of the Gospels Large editions of school-books are printed and find a ready sale. The in- have been printed. The trades taught are stitution at Tiger Kloof is taking a those which are most useful in Africa.

good place. However, all these undertakings are in- tended especiaily to prepare the natives for an intelligent reception of Christianity.

In the principal mission stations and in the. immediate neighborhood there are 444 schoqls, taught by over 900 native teachers; and the complete enrolment is 33,000, with an average attendance of 22,000. Only those who believe that these Africans can be won for God, and who love to labor in this field, could have been able to bring about such remarkable results. The re- cently organized Konde Church nUl:nbers 3,000 Christians, and as many ca~dldates for baptism. And this number mIght be much greater if the missionaries did not refuse to make it too easy to gain admIt- tance to the Church.

MISSIOKARY INTELLIGEl'ICE

God's Work in Bunyoro ed to be showing a similar desire to Bunyoro, beside Uganda in Central be enrolled in the Christian Church Africa, was, in the old days under and the missionaries are unable t~ Kabarega, a kingdom of slave-raiders, care for them all.

unreached by the Gospel. Kabarega Image Burning in the Philippines was driven out by the Baganda under British officers in 1894, and in the An interesting and significant cerenext year Baganda teachers com- mony took place recently in the town menced their work in the country. of Saravia. Converts of the Amer- Four years later, when the Rev. A. B. ican Baptist Mission resolved to burn Fisher first began work in Bunyoro, th~ images they had formerly worthere was not a single convert. Now shiped, and held a service in the there are nearly 1,900 Christians, of chapel, at which Exodus xx. 4, 5 was whom 440 are communicants. In Mr. carefully read and explained by the Fisher's own station, Hoima, 200 adult pastor, who writes: "Immediatelv afconverts and 60 children were bap- ter the meeting the brethren took the tized last year. On Christmas Day images, which had been put under the there were 260 communicants at the table in !he chapel during the service, service, and they brought, together and carned them out into the marketwith about 400 others, thank-offerings place, wh.ere I burnt them-three large which amounted to ·Rs. 80. The men wooden Images of Christ, two Saint show a remarkable keenness for learn- Nimos, one winged San Vincente one ing, and the most important chiefs in San Nichol<l;s, two Virgins, five' picthe country do not consider it beneath tures of samts, one holy belt, and their dignity to sit at the desks as some holy leaves of the palm tree. pupils whenever their duties to the There were about 300 people in the State will allow them. market-place and they were very much astonished. Some of them ISLANDS OF THE SEA were angry, and some were afraid."- Baptist Missionary Magazine.

Urgent to be Baptized At the close of a quarterly confer- Destruction of a Miuionary Station ence held at Orani, Philippine Islands, the presiding elder was approached by Hope VaHey, a station of the Neuena young man who a.;;ked if he would dettelsau Missionary Society in baptize some people who were pres- Queensland, Australia, has been visent. As it was late in the day, the ited by a most destructive tornado. presiding elder suggested that they The fourteen buildings were ruined, wait until the followins- morning when but none of the missionary laborers, others were to be baptized. The were killed. The awful power of the young man responded that these peo- storm is illustrated by the fact that ple had come all the way from Dina- two men were lifted six feet into the air and carried about thirty yards.

lupijan, nine miles distant, and must MISCELLANEOUS return that night. They had heard Missionary Children that the presiding elder would be at Orani that day, and six men, a woman It is a striking fact that nearly one- and a boy had walked all that dis- third of the missionaries of the Amertance to be baptized. When asked ican ~oard in India and Ceylon are why they had come so far, one of them the children or grandchildr~n of mis- said: "Pastor, we have given up all sionaries who were sent out by the things for Jesus, and we believe on Board two, or three generations ago.

}.lim. Therefo~e, we want to be bap- In the 3 India missions, including Cey- tIzed and received into the Metho- lon, there are now 95 American la- dist Church." Multitudes of people borers, 19 of whom were children and in the Philippine Islands are report- I I grandchildren-3D in all-of mis-

sionaries, most of whom have ended missionaries. Who have been the their earthly labors. The spirit of chief explorers of Oceanica, America, consecration which was in the fathers and Asia? The missionaries. Who and mothers has entered into their de- discovered the famous Nestorian scendants. They have taken up the monument in Si-ngan-fu? A missionwork of their parents not because it ary. vVho discovered the stiU more was easv or remunerative in a worldlv famous Moabite stone? A missionsense, for the hardships of the mi;- ar,. Who discovered the Hittite insionary life were well known to them, scriptions ? A missionary. but because the God of their fathers had blest them by inspiring them ARCHDEACON FARRAR. with the same high ideals of Christian service which led their progenitors in- Are Missions Quixotic? to the missionary work. John Wesley was about to go to Not a Siege. but an Allault Georgia as a Ipissionary on behalf of the S.P.G., and an unbeliever said to Mr. A. W. Whitley, of Halifax, was him, "vVhat is this? Are you one of the lay member of a deputation sent the knights errant? How, pray, got last year to India by the London Mis- this quixotism in your head ? You sionary Society. In giving his im- want nothing, have a good provision pressions after his return, he said: for life, and prospect of preferment; and must you leave all to fight wind- We seem to have almost lost the note of mills-to convert savages in Amera church militant. In India we seem to be ica?" Wesley answered calmly: "Sir, like a besieging army, subject perhaps to if the Bible be not true, I am a those dangers which the general of a be- fool and madman as you can conceive; leaguering force would most fear for his but if it is true, I am sober-minded. men-the loss of the note of attack, of For He has declared: "There is no man desperate courage, owing to prolonged and who hath left house, or friends,. or tedious siege and hope often deferred. Per- brethren, for the kingdom of God's haps missionary societies will some day sake, who shall not receive manifold come to recognize the "warfare" analogy more in this present time, and in the as so perfect and applicable that the:,- will world to come life everlasting.''' in conference lay down the strategy for the allied forces against the enemies of What Is Easily Possible Christ's kingdom. For the conditions which obtain in India, by common consent, the In his new book on missions, Bishop siege seems to be the approved method Bashford has the following optimistic rather than frontal attack; and yet per- paragraph which is well worth ponpetual siege unrelieved by occasional attack dering over: in force is not good for soldiers. I have sometimes thought we might revive the In view of the increasing rate of modern idea of a campaign-a holy warfare. There Christian progress, the evangelization of is inspiration in such a thought, and ad- the race in the present generation is within mittedly the work calls only fot those who, the range of possibiI;ties. In China, Morlike soldiers; count not their lives dear unto rison needed 27 years to win his first three themselves. converts to Christ. Our own church needed 10 years to persuade the first na- The Debt of Science to Missions tive of China to be baptized. Upon the other hand, the lives of a r,ooo people Is it nothing that through their la- were surely being transformed in Methobor in the translation of the Bible the dist colleges alope, 2,000 more in boarding German philologist in his study may 5chools, 5,000 more in day-schools, while have before him the grammar and 40,000 inquirers came to onr churches, and vocabulary of 250 lang-uages? Who r60,000 came to our hospitals for help in created the science of anthropology? body and soul. And yet our church was The misisonaries. Who renderell pos- doing only one-fifth of the work accomsible the deeply important science of plished by Protestant Ch ristianity in comparative religion? The mission- China last 'ca r. The earlv missionaries in aries. Who discovered the great chain China wouitl have looke(l upon any such of lakes in Central Africa, on which results as miracles. will turn its future destiny? The

GENERAL MISSTONARY

The Greatest Things Iieved, and felt the need of constantly strengthening his faith by drawing living The deepest needs of the world are water from the Word and from divine spiritual needs. One man invested Grace. $100,00:) in India. It resulted in the conversion of 50,000 in that district Enrolled in the Army of Christ, he be- -one soul saved for every two dol- lieved in the coming of His kingdom in lars invested. This was better than Italy, and for this end he devoted to it to have founded Chicago University all his peculiar gifts referred to' above. He or to have given $32,000,000 to the kept back nothing for himself, but offered general education fund. Christ's all to his Master whom he loved with the standard of greatness was service. love that not only gives but gives itself. On the Kongo a man's value is estimated in cattle; on the Hudson, in He had neither taste nor time for theosocial standing; but by the river of logical subtleties. He valued and rested life, by what he is, and the standard upon the central and foundation Truth of is helpfulness. the Gospel; from this he never departed; on this he built up his spiritual life; from J. CAMPBELL WHITE. this he drew the motive power and energy of his marvelous evangelistic activity. OBITUARY Matteo Prochet was a choice gift from Com. M",tteo Prochet, of Rome God to the Waldensian Church; bat tho persaaded that the mission was providen- A striking personality has been re- tially assigned by the Lord to this his church for the evangelization of his counmoved in the death of Doctor Prochet, try, he knew no narrowness or intolerance, and fervently repeating the prayer that is of Rome, who, for 35 years, has di- Christian par excellence, "Thy Kingdom come," he was ready to salute in hope the rected in Italy the work of Walden- fature Chiesa Evangelica d'Italia.

sian missions. He died February Doctor Prochet was a warm, per- 16th, after a short attack of pneu- sonal friend of the editor of this RE- VIEW, who has traveled with him in monia. Signor Arturo Muston says the Vandois valleys, entertained him of him: . as a guest, and frequently met him Endowed with a strong constitution, in public and private. He was one Doctor Prochet had at his command a choice instrument from which he could ex- of the most gifted of men, and had act the most extensive and laborious ser- the capacities of a statesman, like vices. No one will ever know the watch- Count Cavour. His linguistic faculty ings, the struggles, the excessive labors, was preeminent. He had occasion the fatiguing journeys he' had to endum to travel widely on the Continent, without any apparent effect on his health. He had a most remarkable memory, which and on his railway journeys read he retained in its freshness even to his last works of fiction in the various lanyears. What he treasured up in it was phenomenal. One must have lived in close guages, choosing these because, as intimacy with him to know how much he drew out of his inexhaustible reserves, in he said, they contained the colloquial which names, dates, incidents, discourses, forms of speech current among the narratives, facts, events, the most varied knowledge, seemed to be collected as in a people, rather than technical terms repertory. and the phrases of the more edu- If Matteo Prochet Irad followed a po- cated. And by clint of perseverance litical career, we should often have seen he became such an adept that at the him at the head of ministerial power. He meeting of the evangelical alliance understood men, and knew how to avail at Florence, some years since, where himself of this knowledge to lead and rule he presided, he replied to the adthem. (!t;esses of foreign delegates in ten or His spiritual gifts were those which twelve languages, and then regretted made Matteo Prochet what ile was in the he could not do more! His statesbosom of the Alps, a prophet of the Most High, with a mission as specific as was man-like gifts he put at the disposal that of Moses and Samuel. He was a man of personal piety-not ostentatious, of the Vanclois Church freely and not vapory and mystical, bat solid. He unselfishly, and the debt the church knew in what and in whom he had be- owes bim is beyond either estimate or expression. C01LLhKD OF THE ZAMBESI. The lives of recognition and reward; patient p,. Fran~ois Coillard and Christina, his wife, suit of the highest a'ms, endUralH.'_ of the Paris Missionary Society, in South of hardness, quiet contentll~ent with and Central Africa (r858-r904). By C. habitual self-denials, willingness to W. Mackintosh. With frontispiece, map take the lowest place and work and 77 illustrations. 8vo. 484 pp. $2.50, where no one else would, and a bold net. The American Tract Society, New facing, both of difficLllties and dan- York; T. Fisher Unwin, London, 1907. gers, that might have adorned apos- Miss Mackintosh chose a grand tolic history. subject, and she has treated it worth- Coillard and h:s wife did more ilv. That is itself sufficient praise. than help remake the map of SOclth – Fran<;ois Coillard we account one Africa-they helped to change its of the fifty foremost missionaries spiritual cleserts into gardens of the since Carey went to India. It would Lord, and had long patience for such be difficult to draw a circle which great results; and the end is not yet. would embrace all the activities and Generations to come will rise up and influences that radiated from this re- call them blessed. markable man and his heroic wife. Not only South Africa felt his power, Sublime sentiments and sentences but wherever, on the Continent of quietly appear here and there in this Europe or in America, mission fires volume, but without undue conspicburn, he added fuel to the flame. uousness, as tho they were the most ordinary things-common as com- If he had not the genius of intel- mas; as when, at Cape Town, his lect, as a great original thinker, he wife's first words were, as they met had the genius of goodness with its before marriage, "I have come to do accute sensibility, its tender sympa- the work of God with you, whatever thy and its rare self-sacrifice. It was it may be; and remember this: 'Wherthis which made him the inspirer of ever God may call )'OU, you shall never missionary enthusiasm, and the un- find me crossillg your path of dttty." pretentious leader in the work of And again, a few months later, when evangelization. He rose to a singu- homesickness and reading the relics lar height of self-oblivion. These of her past life, caused not only nearly fifty years of actual work on the field will never have any com- many tears but a perilous habit of plete record. Like Livingstone's brooding, she gathered up all these missionary statesmanship in the ensnaring memorials and burned same Dark Continent, much of the them-and meeting her husband at service he rendered is too evasive the door she said with characteristic and elusive to find record; it can not decision, "You shall never more see be described in words, or imprisoned me fretting, Forget thine own peoin narrative any more tha'1 the ethe- ple and thy father's house." rial perfume of a flower, but is none the less diffusive and pervasive. This brief notice mil y fitly close with an extract from Coillard's will: No one who knows anything of "On the threshold of Eternity and these two heroic lives will need any in the presence of my God, I solinducement to read this book. Our emnly bequeath to the churches of only regret is that it covers nearly France, my native lanel, the respon- 500 pages octavo, and about 150,000 sibility of the Lord's work in Bawords. In these busy days, brevity rotsiland, and I adjure them, in His is absolutely necessary to secure holy name, never to give it upwide reading. But this is a book worth which would be to desp;se and rereading. There is artistic delineation rounce the rich harvest reserveci to of character here, description of the sowing they have accomplished hard work that waited years for its in suffering and tears."

The Missionary Review of the World — April 1888

PAUL'S MISSIONARY PRINCIPLES

MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD.

VOL. XI. No. 4.-Old Series.-APRIL.-voL. I. No. 4.-New Seriu.

I.-THE LITERATURE OF MISSIONS.

PAUL'S MISSIONARY PRINCIPLES.

[EDITORIAL.-A. T. P.] LOOKING back through the long aisles of the ages and tracing the history of missions, we behold a grand procession, or succession, of devoted men and women, whose names constitute an alphabet of glory. yet back of t4em all, farther removed into the distant past, stands "Paul the Little," yet the colossal, commanding figure that even distance cannot diminish-the pioneer, in a twofold sense, of missions to the heathen. Noble as are the names of the missionary host, and inspiring as is the story of their heroism, there is no nobler name, no more heroic career than those represented by the Apostle of the Gentiles.

It may be well to try and analyze the principles that underlay that grand missionary life which, leading all the rest in point of time, has led all the rest in point of excellence and eminence; for the history of man has furnished no higher pattern save only as found in Him who made himself of no reputation and took upon him the form of a servant and undertook the original mission to universal man.

1. In Paul's life as a missionary we observe first a peculiar law oj evangelization: the occupation of otherwise unoccupied fields. " I have strived to preach the gospel not where Ohrist was named, lest I .should build upon another man's foundation; but as it is written, To whom he was not spoken of they shall see," etc. His special aim was "to preach the gospel in the regions beyond" (Rom. xv. 20, 21; 2 Oor. x. 13-16).

The right and left arms of Ohristian activity are these two-education and evangelization. Weare first to proclaim Ohrist where he has not.been named, and then to train converts into active, stalwart disciples and workers. There is undoubtedly a work of building, but foundations must first be laid. And this necessity cannot be too much emphasized. The mission work is sometimes treated as though it were all one; and so indeed it is in principle. But practically there is a great difference between those who have heard of Ohrist and those who have not; between the indifference of apathy or habitual resistance, and the indifference of downright ignorance and habitual surrender to the tyranny of superstition.

You ask, Why should a man go to Africa? Are there not souls needing the gospel in Nebraska and Iowa, and even in our own cities? I answer, There are unsaved souls perhaps in your house, but their destitution is not to be compared with that of millions in the interior of China and Africa. These people are without saving faith in Ohrist ; those are without saving knowledge of Christ. With one class it is light unused, with the other it is darkness unbroken. Paul did not deny that there were hundreds in Jerusalem who had seen Christ's mighty works and heard his divine words, who yet needed salvation, but he yearned especially to reach those who had not even heard ~( him. Theirs was a double destitution-first, not having Christ; second not having the knowledge of Christ.

Take our most destitute mission districts. Can you find a town or settlement in the remotest frontier where there is not at least some pious man or woman who is competent to guide an inquirer? One of our missionary superintendents went to a small group of hamlets on the Rocky Mountains, where there was neither a church nor a Sunday-school, but there he found a poor but pious widow whose humble home was the gathering place for prayer-meetings, and there was not a soul in that village that would not know where to go for counsel. But when Stanley crossed the Dark Continent, from Zanzibar to the Congo's mouth, over all those 7,000 miles he found no native that had heard of Christ! And in China a poor man who had been convicted of sin journeyed sixteen hundred miles to find an American consul, who, as he thought, could tell him about the God of the Christians. Were the question before Paul afresh for decision, where he would go to preach the gospel? He would go where no one else 1vould-where there was the greatest destitution and degradation. If other men feel attracted to the work of building on other men's foundations, let them do that work; but Paul yearned to press into regions beyond, where Christ had never been named, and so within the life of a generation he carried the cross over the known world west of the Golden Horn.

That principle of evangelization must be the law of our Christian life if we are ever to overtake the regions beyond. We must practically feel that the call is loudest where the need is greatest and the darkness deepest. Then, while we shall pass by no really needy field nearer home, we shall press with untiring zeal and contagious earnestness into the farthest corners of the earth.

II. Paul's life was regulated also by the principle of obligation. " I am debtor both to the Greeks and to the Barbarians, both to the wise and to the unwise." He was a debtor, owing and owning a debtsomething was due, from a man who had such ample revelations of truth, to the rest of mankind.

We often speak of the family of man. God's universal Fatherhood involves and implies man's universal brotherhood, and this brotherhood implies a mutual bond of obligation. Weare each our brother's keeper. Huber, the blind naturalist, observed that a wasp or an ant would not stay alone to enjoy some precious morsel, but go to the nest and return as leader of a host that might partake of the same delicacy. If I have found the bread of life, lowe a duty to my hungry and perishing brother to supply his needs, especially since the more I divide my loaf the more it multiplies. He that is content idly to enjoy gospel blessings, without caring for the starving, dying millions, is guilty of inhumanity. There is such a thing as encouraging a monopoly in salvation. And monopoly is monstrous in proportion to the value of the article monopolized.

How can any man contemplate the moral and spiritual ruin of the race and be unmoved! nave we not all one Father? And we, are we not all brethren? What would be thought of a family that should allow a member of the household that was living thousands of miles away in destitution and degradation to go unthought of, uncared for, unaided, because remote from home? Is not that very remoteness a reason why the heart goes out in especial tenderness in that direction? Let a Ohristmas season come, aud the annual love tokens be distributed, and the first child provided for will be the absent one, nay, even the alienated one. Such is the love of God and the love born of God: it seeks the farthest, neediest, poorest, first of all, because the more liable to be overlooked.

Indifference to foreign missions is the natural outcome of infidelity and materialism. Deny the unity of the race in Adam, the oneness of the human family; make man the offspring of the monkey or the clod of earth, and a true manhood the result of development, and the logical effect is apathy toward a pagan world. The Hottentot is a brute. The French governor of the Isle of Bourbon is right: "You may as well attempt to convert oxen or asses as to make Ohristian men out of the Malagasy." According to the creed of Huxley, Darwin & 00., these superstitious fetish worshipers are brutes, at best only on the long road toward manhood. Why not let them alone and take care of the higher products of evolution! Let these millions of cannibals die eating each other; it matters not if they are never evolved!

But the instant you heartily believe that God has made of one blood all nations of men; that the family of man is one; that there is no human being however embruted or brutal that is a brute; that behind the darkest skin and most bestial physique an immortal soul burns like a gem buried in the dust; that the Maori, Papuan,Terra del Fuegan is my brother and yours, and capable of a future equally glorious with that of any other soul-the moment you accept this truth, such indi:ffer~ ence cannot survive.

III. The Lato of Accommodation. "I am madeall things to all men, that by all means I might save some." This means nothing less than that Paul identified himself with every class of men whom he met and sought to save. Even now Ohristian character is sometimes rigid and frigid in its inflexibility. We know very little about bending and stoop~ ing. We have our Inborn, inbred peculiarities; we call them charac~ teristics because they seem inseparable from character. Our high intel~ lectuality lifts us above ignorance, our refined taste above coarseness, our wealthy associations above the environments of poverty. Weare prone to consult our affinities. And so society separate/! into little groups of those who are like-minded. Self-love degenerates into selfish~ ness; we become comparatively isolated, and do not touch the great mass of humanity sympathetically, helpfully, savingly. .

This great apostle had everything to tempt hi~ to a similar isolation and separation. He was a man of royal mind, enriched with imperial culture. The· schools of Tarsus had done all for him that Greek wisdom and Roman civilization could accomplish, and the schools of the prophets with Gamaliel as teacher had added to all the polish of secular learning the strength and solidity of sacred knowledge. He was fitted for a Oorinthian column in the structure of society, for he had the solid, massive, substantial education of Judean scholarship surmounted by the elegance and grace of Athenian philosophy. Besides all this he had refined sensibilities. He was delicately organized. All his emotional and affectional nature was built on the most exquisite pattern. He had the strength of manly courage and fortitude, with the tenderness of womanly sympathy and sensibility. He was aggressivelyactive, yet his energy and activity were qualified by the passive virtues.

Such a man was one most likely to retire into the comparative exclusion and seclusion of a few cultured friends. He might have been at the head of an academy, or a court, or an army, but he would have been naturally the center of a small circle of intimate associates. But Paul had beneath his life a principle of accommodation. He sawall men in 11 lost condition, and so terrible was spiritual alienation from God that in those measureless depths all comparative differences were lost, as in the star-sown depths of illimitable space. And he forgot his intellectual gifts and graces,his fine sensibilities and selfish affinities, in one burning desire to save men. To the Jew he was a Jew, that he might gain the Jews; to those who were under the law or without law, as himself in the sam£, condition, that he might save them. He sacrificed no prin~ eiple, he denied no truth, he compromised no eternal verities, but he got down to every other man's level and from his point of view looked at life and duty, law and penalty, sin and salvation. Beside a poor man he felt poor; beside the rich man he imagined himself encompassed by the snares of greed; with the ignorant he forgot his learning, and with the gross his refinement. The idolater and sorcerer found in him a man who could sympathize with a mistaken religiousness and a temptation to impose on popular credulity. Chained to a soldier as a common convict, he became interested in the soldier's life as an armed defender of the state, and became for the time himself a soldil'r, and as day by day he was chained to a new member of the Prretorian guard he told anew the story of the cross till so he had preached the gospel to the whole guard in turn. Whether in the palace of the Cresars or the Philippian jail; whether in the house of Lydia or the synagogue at Thessalonica; whether on Mars Hill or the Temple stairs; among the barbarians of Malta or the disciples at Antioch, he never anywhere held himself aloof from human souls. There is no lofty air of superiority in the presence of the lowest and no servile air of cowardice and flattery in the presence of the highest. 'rhis accommodation might almost be called assimilation, for it brought him into such vital, honest, sympathetic contact with man as man.

I have a friend who holds weekly in his church parlors a theological clinic. He brings in convicts, the vicious, the abandoned, the profane, the infidel, and asks them questions concerning their life and opinions and notions of men and things, that, to a band of Christian workers, he may by a kind of dissection of spiritual experience unfold the mysteries of that strange thing the human heart. Paul's life was one long spidtual clinic. He studied men that he might know them, and sought to know them that he might reach them.

IV. Again, Paul was moved by the principle of self-abnegation. "Not seeking mine own profit, but the profit of many that they may be saved." Mark, not even his own profit. There are many who get where they forego pleasure for others' profit, but Paul surrendered even his own profit. He simply lost sight of himself in his passion for souls.

Only in the light of this marvelous enthusiasm for God can we interpret Paul's self-limitation. "I determined not to know anything among you save Jesus Christ and him crucified." Wisdom of words he could forego lest the cross of Christ be made of none effect. Literary ambition beckoned him on to receive its shining crown, but he forgot all else in that absorbing passion. He could say with Count von Zinzendorf, "Ich hab' eine Passion, und die est Er, nur Er."

In this flame of devotion to his Lord all else was consumed. The lust of gain, of applause, of pleasure, of office, of power, of achieve~ ment, all burned as to ashes in those inward fires that left only the image of his Redeemer to survive and glow the more brightly. Of this self-abnegation there is no expression more sublime than that in the epistle to the Colossians (i. 24), "Who now rejoice in my sufferings for you, and fill up that which is behind of the afflictions of Christ in my flesh for his body's sake, which is the church."

To be crucified with Christ was a reality to such a man. It meant a cross and a death to self in order to save others. Christ's death saved no human soul. It only made salvation possible. The word of God is but the declaration of the terms of salvation. The Holy Spirit must take of the truth and blood and apply them to the soul. But how does the application come? By lttlman agency. A believer, one to whom salvation has come by faith and faith by hearing, becomes the missing link that joins Christ on the cross, in the word and in the Spirit, to the penitent soul. The believer is a witness and a herald; he tells the story of redeeming love, and he adds his own experience to attest tho word. The Holy Spirit uses that believing testimony to convince the reason, persuade the heart, and move the will. It may be reverently said that the blood of Jesus plus the witness of the word, plus the work of the Holy Spirit, plus the believer, save sinners, for, each in its own place, all together are used by God to accomplish the salvation of the lost. God might have saved men immediately. He chose to do it mediately. Hence Paul needed to fill up what was behind of the sufferings of Christ in his own flesh for his body's sake. He had no need to atone. for men, for the work of atonement was "finished;" he had no need to furnish the Holy Scriptures of truth, for they were all embraced in the Bible; he had no need to act as a divine physician to apply the balm of Gilead. The blood, the word, the Spirit were provided; all he had to do-but that was still lackingwas to get human souls where the blood could sprinkle them, where the word could reach and teach them, where the Spirit could touch and transform them. And to do this he was content to suffer with Christ and bear in his body the marks, stigmata, of the Lord Jesus, as one literally crucified with him.

Paul's success in evangelism is no mystery; it is all an open secret. Give us one man, moved by such principles of evangelization, obligation, accommodation, abnegation, and again the history of humanity shall show a man who in one generation will compass the known world with the network of his personal labor and make a continent echo with the trumpet voice of his testimony!

DAVID BRAINERD

DAVID BRAINERD.

[EDITORIAL.-J. M. S.] HAVING briefly outlined his Life in a previous paper, we proceed II. To SET FORTH IN BRIEF OUTLINE BRAINERD'S CHARACTER. An analysis of his character is not difficult to make, for the leading traits or qualities of the man stand out in bold relief and challenge our observation and admiration. 1. The first thing that impresses the reader of Brainerd's life is the genuineness, depth and thoroughness of his personal piety. We see at once that there is nothing superficial, transient, doubtful, half-hearted about it. Weare brought into contact with a Christian character, and a Christian experience, and a Christian life, most rare and extraordinary in many of their elements and features. There is something startling and awe-inspiring in the depth and intensity of his religious "fra!pes" and" exercises," as recorded so frankly and faithfully in his diary, running through several years, with no expectation that any eye save his own and God's would ever read them. " He belongs to a class of men," as one has well said, "who seem to be chosen of Heaven to illustrate the sublime possibilities of Christian attainmentmen of seraphic fervor of devotion, and whose one overmastering passion is to win souls for Christ and to become wholly like him themselves. " The Law made thorough work with him. His sense of the evil, guilt, and awfulness of sin, of his own deep moral corruption and desert of God's wrath, his personal unworthiness, and entire dependence on divine grace, and his constant need of the Holy Spirit to cleanse, enlighten and sanctify, was most profound and ever present with him. He could not find language strong enough to express his hatred of sin and desire to be entirely and forever cleansed and delivered from it. He longed and strove after holiness, after complete victory over sin and the world and the devil, after entire conformity to the will and likeness of Christ, with a strength and intensity of soul that seem almost; superhuman, 2. His consecration to the Master's service was, seemingly, entire and sublime. Not since the apostolic age has the church produced a grander illustration of the power of the gospel to subdue human selfishness and the love of ease and pleasure and self-indulgence, and to make Jesus Christ supreme, "an and in all," in the affections and life of the soul. Like Paul, he made a total surrender of every faculty and power of body, soul and spirit, to the divine Son of God, and at the same time an unreserved, absolute consecration of his life and being to his service. He could not love and serve God enough. lIe was jealous of his own heart and life lest he should not render every day and hour a tull measure of love and labor. He kept nothing back. From the time he gave himself to Christ he devoted his life and strength and attainments and acquirements and opportunities to the work of saving souls, without recreation, without cessation, sparing himself in no par- ticular ; serving God to the full extent of his ability, and even beyond.

The amount of work he did was almost incredible. He broke down his constitution in four short years, by exposure, privation, and labors of every kind; literally wore his life away in the cause of his blessed Master. It is affecting in the highest degree to read the entries in his journal from day to day, of what he did, what he attempted, what he longed to accomplish; and in the midst of his incessant labors to hear him bemoan his shortcomings, his barrenness of spirit, his unfruitful- ness, and pray God to forgive him his unfaithfulness and grant him a new baptism of love and zeal. Here is a specimen : "Here I am, Lord, send me; send me to the ends of the earth; send me to the rough, the savage pagans of the wildernesfi; send me from all that is called comfort in the earth; send me even to death itself if it be but iq thy service and to promote thy kingdom."

And it was no ascetic or misanthrope that wrote thus, for he adds: " At the same time I had as quick and lively a sense of the value of earthly blessings as I ever had, but only saw them infinitely overmatched by the worth of Christ's kingdom. Farewell friends and earthly comforts, the dear- est of them all; the very dearest, if the Lord calls for it: adieu, adieu; I will spend my life, to my latest moments, in caves and dens of the earth, if the kingdom of God may thereby be advanced." .

He was affianced, as is well known, to a youthful saint of rare gifts, the youngest daughter of Jonathan Edwards; and such a pure, intelli- gent and sensitive nature as his would have enjoyed, in an eminent degree, the felicity of domestic life. But he sacrificed even this, and plunged alone into the wilderness and passed his years with savages, that he might win them to Christ. The little patrimony left him he also devoted to the education of a poor young man for the ministry soon after entering upon his missionary work.

3. Hi8 love for 80uls amounted to a pas8ion, 1IJkich nothing cmtld cool or conquer. No miser ever clung to his treasure as he grasped this idea and made it an ever-present and supreme object with him. No matter where he went, or what were his surroundings, the ruling bent of his soul was manifest. In health and in sickness, in his wigwam among the Indians, on his numerous and solitary journeys from settlement to settlement in the wilderness, and in his occasional visits to New Eng- land, his supreme desire was to convert souls; and no occasion, no opportunity, did he fail to improve, however weary or racked with pain, or weak or broken down from disease. This intense, ever-burning passion often finds expression, as when he Wl'ites in his diary: "0, how I longed that God should be glorified on earth! Bodily pains I

lSS8

cared not for, though I was then in extremity. I never felt easier; I felt willing to glorify God in that state of bodily distress, so long as he pleased I should continue in it. The grave appeared really sweet, and I longed to lodge my weary bones in it: but 0 that God might be glorified! this was the burden of all my cry. 0 to love and praise God more, to please him forever ~ This my soul panted after, and even now pants for while I write, 0 that God might be glorified in the whole earth! Lord, let thy kingdom come! • • • o the blessedness of living to God! • • • Spent two hours in secret duties, and was enabled to agonize for immortal souls, though it was early in the morning and the sun scarcely shone, yet my body was quite wet with sweat. • • • With what reluctance did I feel myself obliged to consume time in sleep! I longed to be a flame of fire, continually glowing in the divine service, and building up Christ's kingdom to my latest, my dying moment."

Is it any marvel that many souls – even the souls of such ignorant and degraded savages-were given to him? And he never regretted his q.evotion and self-sacrificing zeal in: this work. Read his thrilling words as he hung over eternity while in Boston: "I declare now I am dying, I would not have spent my life otherwise for the whole world."

4. His humility and spirit of self-denial and cheerful submission to deprivations and hardships for the gospel's sake are touchingly illustrated in his life. According to President Edwards' testimony, he was a young man of "distinguished talents;" "hali extraordinary knowledge of men and things;" had "rare conversational powers;" "excelled in his knowledge of theology, and was truly, for one so young, an extraordinary divine, and especially in all matters relating to experimental religion." "I never knew his equal of his age and standing, for clear and accurate notions of the nature and essence of true religion." His "manner in prayer was almost inimitable, such as I have very rarely known equaled." He" had a very extensive acquaintance, and engaged the attention of religious people in a remarkable degree." He had also many invitations to settle in his own New England, and an urgent and oft-tepeated call to "East Hampton-the fairest, pleasant~ est town on Long Island, and one of its largest and wealthiest parishes." So that he did not give himself to the missionary work, as is often though unjustly said of other missionaries in these days, because he could not succeed at home. His talents, gifts, and Christian attainments made him the peer of New England's most gifted preachers, with few exceptions.

But he put from him all these tempting offers, and all considerations of a merely personal and temporal nature, and gave his whole self for life to the work of teaching the poor American Indians the way of salvation. And he had no thought that he was doing anythingUJonderful, or that he was degrading himself, or throwing away his talents and Hfe by so doing. On the contrary, he evidently felt that God had greatly honored him in calling him to such a service; and he consecrated his heart and soul and mind and strength and life to it with as much hearti-

DAVID BRAINER1;l. [Al'RIL

ness and enthusiasm and ambition as though he were ministering to a highly cultured people in some conspicuous and wealthy parish.

So real and great was his humility that he often expressed his sur: prise that he was called to such a noble service; that the Indians should have any respect for him, or show him any attention, or that any good should come from his labors. His privations and hardsltt"ps likewise were such a few missionaries have ever experienced. An extract or two .

will serve to introduce the reader to his mode of life: " My diet consists mostly of hasty-pudding, boiled corn, and bread baked in the ashes, and sometimes a little meat and butter. My lodging is a little heap of straw, laid upon some boards a little way from the ground, fsr it is a log room without any floor, that I lodge in. . . . I have now rode more than 3,000 miles [on horseback] since the beginning of March [8 months].

. • . Frequently got lost in the woods. . . . At night lodged in the open woods. . . . Crept into a little crib made for corn and slept there on the poles." .

And yet not one word of complaint do we hearfrom him. Even in his times of extreme melancholy and dejection, and they were frequent; when sick and racked with pain; when lonely and disconsolate, not one breath of murmur rises to heaven. His forest home was often a "Bochim," or as the "valley of Baca," as it respected the outward man and his surroundings. And yet, even then and there, like Jesus after the temptation of the wilderness, angels comforted him and his soul often exulted while he magnified the God of his salvation, "who giveth songs in the night."

5. He exemplified the law of Ohristian meekness and forgiveness in a pre-eminent degree. The unusual attention which his extraordinary career and saintly character attracted, at home and abroad; the sympathy and interest manifested in him by many of the most eminent ministers of his day, among whom were Jonathan Edwards, Bellamy, the Tennants, Pemberton, Aaron Burr, and Jonathan Dickinson, and the high esteem in which he was held py the Ohristian world, especially toward the close of his life, did not tend in the least to elate him. On the contrary-as in all cases of real and eminent worth and superiority -it only tended to make him more humble; it induced Ohristian meekness, and filled him with a profound sense of his unworthiness. The expressions of this feeling in his journal are frequent, emphatic, and evidently sincere.

In all the annals of human life and experience, excepting those of the God-Man, we have no more striking example of Ohristian forgiveness than the life of BRAINERD furnishes. Take a single particular.

He was wronged-wronged as few men in similar circumstances ever were wronged. He was wronged by a public institution; wronged before the world; nay, it is not uncharitable to say that he was perse- cuted, insulted, outraged, and all redrQss refused, and that against the united, solemn, and earnest protest of such men as President Ed-

18!8.] DAVID

wards, Burr, Dickinson, Pemberton, and many others of the most distinguished men of the times. He was wronged in a way to mortify, humiliate and injure a young man of his ambition and talent and gen~ . uine manliness 'and high Christian character and standing, to the ntmost possible extent. The wrong was persisted in, with iron determination and rtlentless severity, even after he had made the most manly and ChriJiian acknowledgment and confession that it was possible for the college authorities to exact, or a gentleman, respecting his own manhood, truth and righteonsness, could consistently make.

And that he felt the wrong exquisitely, and smarted under it, and carried the memory and the scar of it to his grave, his diary affords abundant and affecting proof. This ill treatment at his tender years had much to do with his dejection. It preyed upon his sensitive nature. He felt as if a brand was placed upon his forehead. Most of all he mourned over it, because he thought religion suffered in consequence of it. Noone can read the entries made in his journal during his visit to New Haven a year after his expulsion-at the time when he would have graduated but for that unjust procedure-afraid to show himself in the town for "fear of imprisonment," hiding away in the house of a friend in the outskirts of the town as if "guilty of some open and notorious crime," and there spending Commencement day in prayer and sweet converse with Christian friends-and not feel his heart rise in rebellion against that stern and unrighteous decree which on that occasion crushed his last hope of redress! Earnest application was made on his behalf to the authorities of the college by a "council of ministers at Hartford," and by Edwards, Burr, and many other distinguished men in the various colonies, that he might be allowed to take his degree with his class. But all in vain. Yet here is the entry he made in his diary in this bitter hour of disappointment: "Sept. 14. This day I ought to have taken my degree [this being Commencement day], but God sees fit to deny it to me. And though I was greatly afraid of being overwhelmed with perplexity and confusion, when I should see my classmates take theirs; yet at the very time God enabled me with calmness and resignation to say, 'The will of the Lord be done.' Indeed, through divine goodness I have scarcely felt my mind so calm, sedate, and comfortable for some time. I have long feared this season, and expected my humility, meekness, patience, and resignation, would be much tried; * but found much more pleasure and divine comfort than I expected. Felt spiritu- ally serious, tender and affectionatfl in private prayer with a dear Christian friend to-day."

But notwithstanding the wrong done him was so great and was so obstinately persisted in to the last; and notwithstanding he suffered in his feelings as only a man of such exquisite natural and moral sensibilities could suffer, not once was he known to speak harshly or unkindly of those who had committed the injury. Not a line is found in his diary * Had he been allowed to gradnate he would have been at the head of his class. a.nd that class the largest that had ever graduated at that college.

BRAINERD

alluding to the matter· that breathes other than a spirit of Ohristlike charity and forgiveness, while he was fervent and frequent in his prayers in behalf ofthose who had" so ill used bim." The same spirit that cried out from the cross, "Father, forgive them, for they know not what they do," animated the heart of this youthful disciple while living, aud to-day encircles his brow with a halo of Ohristlike glory.

6. But the crowning excellence of Brainerd 10as the l!8-ge measure of the spirit ofprayer which characterized his life. Prayer was his chief reliance and the secret of his remarkable success. Much of his time was spent in prayer. Days and nights were thus passed, and he grieved when anything interfered to keep him from his knees in solitary and prolonged intercession and communion with God. Closely in this respect did he follow in the footsteps of Jesus. Prayer was his solace, his inspiration, his strength. No part of his diary or journal is of more thrilling interest to any and every Ohristian worker, either in the home or'the foreign field, tban the numerous entries in relation to his seasons of secret prayer. Few saints this side of beaven ever got so near to the throne of God in prayer, ever so "wrestled with the angel of the covenant," ever experienced such communion with the Father of spirits until his soul exulted and overflowed with the fullness of "ineffable comforts." Read a specimen or two: "Had the most ardent longings after God which I ever felt in my life. At noon, in my secret retirement, I could do nothing but tell my dear Lord, in a sweet calm, that he knew I desired nothing but himself, nothing but holi- ness; that he had given me these desires, and he only could give me the things desired. I never seemed to be so unhinged from myself and to be so wholly devoted to God. My heart was swallowed up in God most of the day. Felt much comfort and devotedness to God this day. At night it was refreshing to get alone with God and pour out my soul. Oh, who can conceive of the sweetness of communion with the blessed God but those who have experience of it ! Glory to God forever, that I may taste heaven below! . • • Retired early for secret devotion, and in prayer God was pleased to pour such ineffable comforts into my soul that I could do nothing for some time but say over and over, 0 my sweet Saviour! 0 my sweet ~aviour!

whom have I in heaven but thee, and there is none upon earth that I desire beside thee. If I had a thousand lives my soul would gladly have laid them all down at once to have been with Christ. • • • My soul was this day at turns sweetly set on God; I longed to be with him that I might behold his glory. I felt sweetly disposed to commit all to him, even my dearest friends, my dearest flock, my absent brother, and all my concerns for time and eter- nity. 0 that his kingdom might come in the world, that they might all love and glorify him for what he is in himself, ;l.nd that the blessed Redeemer . might' see of the travail of his soul and be satisfied!' Oh come, Lord Jesus, come quickly! Amen."

Is it wonderful that such a habit of prayer and such experiences in prayer in the, closet should have made his social and public prayers edifying and striking in a remarkable degree? President Edwards'tes- timony on this point is very explicit and noteworthy: "I know not

THE BffiLE IN

that I ever SO· muoh as heard him ask a blessing or return thank8 at table, but there 1vas something remarkable to be observed both in the matter and manner of the performance." Prayer, in secret and personal communion with God, will temper the whole spirit of a Christian and put its impress upon his social and public habits. If you witness habit- . ual fervency and fullness and power and a wrestling spirit in prayer on the part of any disciple, you may be sure the habit has been acquired in secret intercourse with God upon his knees. Prayer is not so much a gift asa grace, implanted, nourished and matured in long and intimate communion with the Hearer of prayer.

The end of such a life, as we might anticipate, was peace and joypeace in fullness of measure, and" joy unspeakable and full of glory." A glance in his dying chamber reveals the fact that it was" quite on the verge of heaven." Says President Edwards: " On Tuesday, Oct, 6, he lay for a considerable time as if he were dying. At which time he was heard to utter, in broken whispers, such expressions as these: 'He will come, he will not tarry. I shall soon be in glory. I shall soon glorify God with the angels.'. . . The extraordinary frame he was in that evening could not be hid. His mouth spake out of the abundance of his heart, expressing in a very affecting manner much the same things as are written in his diary. Among very many other extraordinary expressions which he then uttered were such as these: 'My heaven is to please God and glorify him, and to give all to him'and to be wholly devoted to his glory; that is the heaven I long for-that is my religion, and that is my happiness, and always was ever since I suppose I had any religion; I do not go to heaven to be advanced, bu't to give honor to God. It is no matter where I shall be stationed in heaven-whether I have a high or a low seat there-but to love and please and glorify God is all; if I had a thousand souls, if they were worth anything, I would give them all to God.'"

THE BIBLE IN INDIA.

By REV. JACOB CHAMBERLAIN, M.D., MADANAPELLE, INDIA.

THE Bible contains a plan devi5ed for the redemption and elevation of mankind. Take the Bible, then, !1S an engine thus devised for the performance of a certain work, and test it well and see whether it does that work or no. And it is to this view of tlie subject that I particularly ask your attention.

Is this old Bible, given centuries ago among the Jewish people, now calculated to do the work for which it was designed? or, in this day of progress and of the intermingling of nations, do we find it antiquated, and its day of adaptedness and usefulness passed away? This is, emphatically, an age not alone of changes, but of improvements. Fast mail-trains and the telegr~ph hiLVe taken the place of the old mounted mail-carrier~ with his mail-bags thrown over the 4ors6 upon which he rode. The four and six horse stage-coach has' given way to palace cars. The quiet stitching of the seamstress is replaced by the hum of the sewing machine. There is scarcely ~ piece of machinery, of any kind, now in use that was used even by our grandfathers. New books, new systems of sciences, new methods in the arts-aU, all is new. Have we made a mistake, then, in holding on to our" old Bible" too long? If so, let us acknowledge it like men and try to replace it with something better; but first let us put it to the proof and see.

Now, in testing a machine or engine it is necessary to try it in all the different circumstances in which it is to be employed, especially in the worst. The government of India sought to introduce the best machinery for ginning and spinning and weaving the cotton growing there. A proclamation was issued, and published in every country where machinery was made, offering a princely premium for that machinery that should best do the work. And when, after near a year for preparation, the machinery was gathered from the four quarters on the banks of the sacred Ganges, when the viceroy and his council and the judges had assembled to test it, it was tried not alone wit.h the cotton grown there on the banks of the Ganges, but cotton was brought from the base of the Himalaya Mountains, and from the plains of Tinnevelly, near Oape Oomorin, from the hill country of Berar, and from the plains of Bellary, and the country a~out Bombay; and the machinery that best did the work in all, the long staple and the short, the coarse and the fine, it was that that won the prize, and that is now doing the work in India. So if an ocean steamer be launched, it must be tried not alone on the smooth waters of the bay or river on whose banks it was constructed, for until it has crossed the ocean, breasting the mountain billows in a storm, no one can tell whether after all it be a safe vehicle for human life. So with every kind of machinery-it must be tested in the 1IJOrst circumstances in which it will be called to act.

For the last score of years I have been engaged in putting the Bible to just such a test, and that in the most unpropitious circumstances. India is Satan's stronghold. Hinduism, with its handmaid caste, weaves iron fetters around its votaries. With much of truth in its scriptures, the Veda'l, it has degenerated into the worst of polytheism and idolatry; with .its defective view of God and man, it has had no conservating, elevating influence over its votaries. The Hindus are at once a very religious and a grossly immoral people. Intelligent, sharp, quick-witted, immutable in their nature, wedded to their ancient system, which is a splendid one though false, the Brahmanists are the most able and determined adversaries of what they term the" new religion." If the Bible will work in India, then we may safely COllclude that it will work anywhere. How, then, does it work in India? Let us test it and see.

For example, does this "old Bible," given so many centuries ago among the Jews, describe the human heart of to-day, and the condition of man in different lands? or is it antiquated and defective in this respect? On a certain occasion, some fourteen years ago, I went into a native city in India, where the name of Jesus had never been heard, there for the first time to show them and give them these Scriptures, and to preach to them of Christ and His salvation. As an introduction, when we had assembled an audience in the street, I asked my native assistant to read the first chapter of Romans; that chapter which those who call themselves liberal-minded tell us is too black to be true; that chapter that describes the heart of man wandering away from God and into sin, and conceiving vile conceptions of God, and then wandering away farther, until at last, "though they know the judgments of God, that they which do such things are worthy of death, not only do the same, but have pleasure in them that do them ;" the chapter which many tell us is a libel upon human nature. That chapter was read. The most intelligent man in the audience, a Brahman, stepped forward and said to me, "Sir, that chapter must have been written for us Hindus. It describes us exactly." The photograph was recognized. It had ICen taken centuries before, and among a Jewish people; but the artist .vas divine, and the heart that was photographed was that, not of a lmo, but of a man.

On another occasion I went into another city, there also for the first time to proclaim Christ as the way of life. As we entered the native town and passed up the main street, I noticed a small Hindu temple, built upon the side of the busiest street, with its doors open and the idols in at the farther end, so that passers-by could worship as they went. At the side of the door sat the Brahman priest of the temple on a pedestal, unclad down to the waist-that he might receive the homage, the demi-divine worship which the people were wont to render him-with a platter by his side to receive their offerings as they went in and out of the street to their business or their work. I noticed it and passed on. Going up the main street, and looking here and there and finding no better place, we came back to this temple; and as I politely asked permission of the Brahmin to address an audience from the steps of tho temple, he as politely gave his permission; and singing a song to bring the people together, we soon had the street packed with those who wondered what we had come for, and I preached to them. I took for my theme "the character of any being whom the intelligent mind of man in any land would be willing to call God ;" and from the necessities of our natures, I attempted to show them that in order to call any being God, we must believe him to be stronger than we and stronger than any powers that might be arrayed against us;' that he must be omnipotent, or we could not trust him; that he must be wiser than we and wiser than any intelligences that might be combined against us; that he must be omniscientj that he must be able, in all parts of his dominion, at the same time, to be and to notice all passing events; that he must be omniprB8ent; that he must be a God of love, a Goq. of jus~ tice, and so on. I had painted to them the character and attributes of God as we find them given in our Bible-not telling them where I found the picture, but drawing this characterization of God from the necessities of the soul of man. The intelligent men in the audience at once acknowledged the picture to be a correct one, as I went on from point to point, and admitted what I said to be true. At last, complet~ ing the picture, I said to them, "Now, who is God, and where is God?" The Brahman priest sitting there on his pedestal, seeing how intently the audience of his worshipers were listening to my description of God, so di:tIerent from that enshrined in the temple at my side, and seeing at a glance, with his keen mind, that if this description of God was ac~ cepted as true his employment was gone, seeking to create a diversion, straightened himself up, and with his finger drawing a line around his stomach, he said, "Sir, this is my God; 1IJhen this £s full, my God is propitious; token this is empty, my God is angry. Only give me enough to eat and drink, and that is all the God I want." Turning to this same old Book, I gave him that scathing denunciation of Paul of those "whose God is their belly, whose glory is in their shame, and whose end is destruction." And then turning again to the audience and reminding them of the pure and holy character that I had described, I told them that "this poor, miserable wretch here is willing to call his belly his God." Amid the sneers and scorns of his own worshipers, he sprang from his pedestal, slunk around the corner of the temple, and vanished down a side street. And oh~ how the audience listened while I described to them Him in whom all the fullness of this Godhead was manifested bodily, even Jesus of Nazareth, the Saviour of all of them, in all the world, that will believe in Him!

On another occasion I was reading from the seventh chapter of Romans that declaration of Paul of the power of sin over us, where he says, "When I would do good, evil is present with me, and the good which I would I do not, but the evil which I would not that I do." As I read it the most intelligent man in my audience spoke up, saying, "That is it! that is it! That is exactly what is the matter with us Hindus. Now, does your Book tell us how we can get rid of that evil disposition, and do the good we would and avoid doing the evil that we would not?" How gladly, from this same old book, did I point them to Him who can create a new heart and renew a right spirit within us; who can give us not only the desire but the power to do good: "For I can do all things through Christ who strengtheneth me."

On another occasion and in a di:tIerent city I read the description of the forty-fourth chapter of Isaiah, of the making and worshiping of images. When I had completed the reading, a sharp man in the audience, a Brahman, st9pped out and said, "Now, sir, we have caught

THE MIRA.CLES OF MISSIONS

you. You told us that this was an old book, given long ago in another part of the world to tell us how we might find God, and, how worshiping him we might attain to peace with him; but, sir, that which you have just read you have written since you came here and saw how we Hindus managed it." The photograph once more was recognized.

THE MIRACLES OF MISSIONS.-NO. II. [EDITORIAL.-A. T. p.] THE LONE STAR MISSION.

THE Romance of Ongole reads like a fairy tale. This station is some two hundred miles north of Madras, in the Telugu country of India. Some thirty-four years ago Dr. Jewett, missionary from Nellore, in the service of the Baptists of this country, touring in this thickly settled region, climbed the summit of a mountain near Ongole, and surveying the country besought God to send there a missionary. For thirteen years that prayer seemed to be lost. But God was not unmindful, and he was preparing a workman for this "lone star" field, which in 1853, at the anniversary meetings in Albany, it had been almost determined to abandon as a fruitless and hopeless enterprise.

Mr. Clough, a civil engineer, became strangely impressed that he was called to this field, and that God would there give him ten thousaud converts in a great and marvelous ingathering. It seemed to be the wild fancy of a vagarist or dreamer. The Baptist Board hesitated to send such a fanatic to the field. But he persisted, and was finally appointed to the Lone Star Mission. Blessings have crowned his work that have thrilled the whole Ohristian church with amazement and gratitude, and which deserve record among the Miracles of Missions.

The Lord has often used the locusts and caterpillars as his "great army," and he used the famine of 1877 as his messenger to prepare the way. It has been estimated that in the presidency of Madras alone three millions of people perished in consequence, and in Mysore and Bombay districts two and a quarter millions more. While the Brahmanic priesthood and the heathen people, even the rich, looked on with selfish and stolid indifference,Ohristian England sent a relief fund of $4,000,000; and the distribution of !Such noble charities among this alien people made a profound impression on the native mind and compelled a comparison of the two religions, which by no means was favorable to Brahmanism and its kindred faiths.

During the severest pressure of famine it became obvious why God had chosen a civil engineer for this emergency. Mr. Clough was studying to provide work for the suffering masses round about him. He went to the authorities of the government and proposed to undertake the construction of three and a half miles of the Buckingham Oanal, in order to furnish employment and food for these starving thousands. The offer was accepted. After the day's work was done these people gathered in camps and the gospel was preached to them; meetings for prayer and praise were held, inquiries were guided, and converts taught and encouraged. The spirit of God began to work in a way and on a scale which probably has had no parallel since Pentecost. Seed that had been sown now rapidly sprang into blade, ear, and full-grown corn in the ear. Idols were fiuug away by the thousands, and even the hundreds of thousands, as useless. The missionaries were througed by inquirers, and had no leisure so much as to eat. Lest the sincerity of the motives of the converts should be questioned, they were kept on a sort of probation until after the famine had been relieved and there was no longer the temptation to seek the church as a charity organization.

As soon as it was safe to receive professed converts they poured by the thousands into the church. Between June and December, 1878, nearly ten thousand were after diligent and careful examination received into the fold by baptism. These marvelous ingatherings were undoubtedlyof such as were being saved. '['hey have proved unusually faithful, and after ten years the work still goes on. The prayer offered on that mountain has been conspicuously and gloriously answered, and no miracle of apo.;tolic days more plainly shows the finger of God. The immense congregations, the character of the converts, the theological seminary at Ramapatam with its two hundred students, and the transformations to be seen in society all through the Telugu country, prove that the Lone Star has been and still is shining with supernatural beams in this great darkness.

Mr. Clough has been permitted to do efficient service in another direction, in striking a heroic blow at the monstrous caste system of India. His first arrival in the country was hailed with joy by. the highcaste Brahmans, who rejoiced to have a prospect of good schools for their children. They promised their support, and they kept their word; they placed under Mr. Clough's instruction sixty-two of their sons and paid well for their education. The prosperity of the schools seemed to be on a firm basis, and no restraint was put upon the teaching~of the truth. This spontaneous and generous welcome to Ohristian schools was the opening of a new and wide door of service.

But a perplexity arose. Three men of low caste presented themselves as converts and were welcomed as became a missionary who believed in a church where there was no barbarian, Scythian, bond or free, male or female, but all one in Ohrist Jesus.

The caste spirit was aroused and the aristocratic Brahmans indignantly threatened that if Mr. Clough had any more to do with the outcast Sudms and Pariahs, all the support of the higher classes would at once be withdrawn from him and his schools. While he hesitated and wavered, scarcely knowing what course to take, two more low-class converts knocked at the church doors, and the genuineness of their conversion demanded a prompt decision. The crisis of the mission had arrived. The horns of an inevitable dilemma threatened to impale the missionary, and to escape the one was to cast himself upon the other. If he refused the low-caste converts, what became of the democracy of the Ohristian church? If he admitted them, what became of his aristocracy and the schools dependent on the high caste for support?

He consulted his wife, and they both retired by agreement to separate rooms for prayer. H 0 God, guide us in this extremity of the mission," was the groaning of two hearts whose deeper prayer could not be uttered. Simultaneously, in their different rooms, the husband and wife each took' up a 'l'estament from a pile lying before them for distribution among Eurasians; and without any intention of open'ing to any particular place, both husband and wife, involuntarily, unconsciously opened to the same passage and verses -1 Cor. i. 26-31 : H Ye see your calling, brethren, how that not many wise men after the flesh, not many mighty, not many noble are called: but God hath chosen the foolish, weak, base, despised, the things which are not," etc. 'I'o each of them came the same thought: H I see it: I have not been building on God's plan; this structure must come down and I must begin anew." The wife and husband started to meet each other and communicate with each other the direct answer to prayer through the Word. H See here," said Mrs. Clough, H what I have been reading." H But I have been reading the same verses," replied he; "did you know it?" H No, indeed." Thus by a remarkable coincidence God, at the same moment, by the same means, made their way clear as day. They were to build the church like a pyramid, from the broad base of the lowest classes upward, and the base must be broad enough to take in the masses of the poorest and basest and the weakest and most despised.

They had the heroism to follow the divine guidance. The very next morning they made their decision public. Every pupil l~ft the school, and the financial bottom of their enterprise collapsed in ruin. The friendship of the high castes was changed to bitter hostility. They began anew. The base was now broad enough to embrace all who would come, however poor or low. And on that basis another structure was reared, in which, strange to say, m.ore upper-caste converts have been built than under the former aristocratic system!

We do not wonder that those who have studied the work of God among the Telugus have said: " It is without a parallel in the history of modern Christian missions in heathen or in civilized countries. In some cif its features and aspects it always suggests the Pentecostal period and its wonderful scenes. The present condition of the mission is full of promise and prophecy. Stili greater successes in the near future may be confidently expected. This mission demands, must have, and is sure to receive, the best care and the most munificent contributions of the Baptists of America. But we have been standing off and e;aziu~ ill amlloZemen,t at tbe ;l.chievements of divine 15l'ace and power amon9' the ignorant and degraded Telugus. The time has come when we must move closer up to the work, more vitally and practically link ourselves with that work. We must without delay prepare to assume the weighty obligations and to discharge the grave responsibilities which success has created and is daily pressing upon us. A short time ago and a few brief paragraphs or sentences, uttering only depreciation and discouragement, if not something akin to contempt, constituted all the annual statement which the executive officers of the Missionary Union had to give the denomination relative to the mission among the Telugus. Now many pages of the yearly exhibit are required to present only the merest outlines of the surprising successes which continue to crown the toils'of the working forces in the Telugu field. Last year large and eager audiences assembled and listened with breathless attention for nearly two hours to Dr. Clough while he narrated, witho~t embellishment or emotion, the simple, extraordinary, almost incredible facts of his labors among the Telugus. No mission in the world, prosecuted by any Christian denomination, can so compel, arouse and enlist the attention of a public assembly; no mission in the past or in the present has such a marvelous record; but this very success calls for immediate and vigorous effort, for prompt and generous gifts of money, to provide for the deep and pressing necessities which spring up with and out of that success-necessities which cannot be neglected or inadequately met without jeopardizing the best welfare of the mission in the future.

"Education, both secular and religious, must be instantly and amply pro- vided for. It is gratifying and encouraging to learn that this want is at this hour being felt and to some extent provision is being made to meet it. At Ongole, the great centre of that large field on which the blessing of God has been so bountifully lavished, a school has been established, for which, since Dr. Clough's recent return to this country, $10,000 have been subscribed for additional buildings. Besides this he has also raised $10,000 for the erection of two mission-houses in Madras. The prOVision being made for the enlarge- ment of the high school at Ongole should haNe the hearty and practical co- operation of all interested in the training of the converts in that field. The high-caste people will not, cannot be reached and inlluenced by the Christian diSCiples in the Telugu churches until ignorance gives place to intelligence. God is able to work without the mental training and discipline of the Telugu Christians; so is he able to work without their intellectual inferiority and crudeness. The theological seminary at Ramapatam, under the manage- ment of the energetic President Williams, iii doing a large and splendid work for the training and equipment of a native ministry. On the )st of last July there was completed and occupied a building that will favorably compare with anything of the kind that can be found among the other missions of Southern India. At Nellor~ is soon to be built the Bucknell Female Seminary, a school for the training of Bible-women and female teachers for girls' schools. For this building one gentleman, Mr. Bucknell of Philadelphia, has given $3,500.

" While these efforts are being made and these projPcts are being pushed forward to provide for the necessities and the advantages of secular and Christian culture, the work of evangelization is being carried steadily and vigorously on. The conversions and baptisms since the great awakening and ingathering in 1877-78 have averaged over 2,000 souls a year. There are now 13 central stations and 205 out-stations in this mission. There are 37 Ameri- can missionaries, including the women of the company. The number of na- tive preachers, ordained and unordained, is 174. There are 21 Bible-women and other nativ(,! helpers, making a tota.! working force of 323, There are

MISSION WORK IN PAPAL EUROPE

now 84 churches, comprising a membership of nearly 25,000. There were baptized in 1886 in this mission nearly 3,000. Besides the high school at Ongole and the theological seminary at Ramapatam, there are 180 mission schools with nearly 4,000 pupils; and all this the growth of about eighteen years! True, there was much of sowing, praying and weeping for some years prior to this large and splendid harvest. But what a harvest! "

MISSION WORK IN PAPAL EUROPE.

By R:EV. WILLIAM OLARK, D.D., FLORENCE, ITALY.

IN my brief paper in the January REVIEW, "Mission Work in Papal Europe," I alluded to woman's work, some features of which I desire now to give more in detail.

The school in Greece has had great influence in awakening in the women of southern and eastern Europe a desire for higher education, for social and industrial freedom, and has awakened also a consciousness of higher privileges, rights, duties and responsibilities in society and in the state.

This school was established and has ever been sustained by American women. Mrs. Emma Willard, Mrs. Sigourney, Mrs. Phelps and Mrs. Hill will ever be remembered as honored names in connection with the founding in Athens, Greece, of a college for the higher education of Greek young women. . When Mrs. Willard and Mrs. Sigourney visited Europe, about 1835, it was not merely to seek health and pleasure, but they sought to do a most noble work. They became deeply interested in the condition of women in Greece, and returning to this country Mrs. Willard organized a society called" A Society for the Advancement of Female Education in Greece." In regard to this enterprise she said: "Is not improvement in female education an important feature in the grand system of moral advancement now going forward in the world? Should we not strengthen it at home and send it abroad?" For this object she offered $3,000, and this sum she would have given herself had not the ladies of Troy nobly come forward to her aid.

This school, carried forward by Mr. and Mrs. Hill, has been the cause of the education of more than 20,000 in that country and in the colonies of Greece in all parts of the Orient. In all the centres of Greek civilization-Oonstantinople, Smyrna, Salonica, Seres, Adrianople, Philippopolis and Janina-are found the best schools for girls, whose teachers have been trained in the American school in Athens. In 1874 a pupil of this school was invited to Oonstantinople to take charge of a Greek seminary fOl' women, and soon she became principal of the" Zappion," the greatest female college in that city, and this position she still holds.

Fifty years ago Athens and the East were dead in regard to higher female education, but by the sympathy and interest of noble American women there was set up a great agency which has been a most power· ful civilizing influence thronghout all southeastern Europe, and which even sheds its light and joy far into western Asia. It has trained an admirable band of well-educated teachers and sent out hundreds all over Greece and its oriental colonies. TheI;e is no question that Greece owes its rapid progress and Greek instruction to its women.

This school has awakened in them a love for the study of the works of their ancestors, which, pervaded by a lofty spirit of patriotism, have made them more alive to their responsibilities at the first reappearance of their national life.

There is in Greece among women a consciousness of their rights and duties and an activity in benevolent work hardly to be found in any other European conntry. There are also large charitable organizations, composed of prominent ladies of Athens and other cities, and recommended by her Majesty the Queen, which confer great blessings upon the poor and needy. The work done by these associations received medals and honorable mention at the Vienna Exhibition. And in all this culture and benevolence, so marked in Greece, there is a spirit of warm patriotism, a' religious nature untainted by fanaticism, and a philanthropic and hospitable heart.

It is also of this American school at Athens that Mr. Botossi, the Greek consul in this country, speaks with so much enthusiasm, saying in substance that to be a graduate of this school is to have a diploma for the best manners, the most thorough education, and the highest and purest. morals; adding at the same time that here his own sister was educated, and also the daughters of all the best families in Athens. He also said that the Greek papers were filled with the highest praise of this institutiou. In such favor is this school with the government that it is visited by the queen, and a few years since the king thanked the American principal in the name of the nation for her fifty years of devotion to the cause of education for Greek women.

How large and widely extended is this noble mission work accomplished by a few large-hearted Ohristian ladies! Pupils of thilil school who have taken high rank in social and domestic life have been found at Smyrna, in remote eastern Asia Minor, at Oonstantinople, in Bulgaria, Hungary, Austria and Italy. Indeed 'we can safely say that the highest and best educational and religious culture in 'all southeastern Europe and western Asia can be traced to the institution for women at Athens. And I am happy to say that this same school is at present most generously aided by one of the best women of our land.

There is also another institution in Europe which by its energetic and wide-spreading influence has done much for the intellectual and religious culture of young women. I refer to the one at Kaiserswerth on the Rhine, for the education of German deaconesses as teachers and nurses. Here Florence Nightingale was educated previous to accomplishing her great work at Constantinople during the Crimean war. There is an indescribable charm about Kaiserswerth as a seminary of higher female education, and in home work and mission work throughout Europe and the Orient the results have been wonderful in awakening a desire among women for high literary and religious culture. Their institutions, embracing normal schools and colleges for the training of Ohristian workers are everywhere recognized as agencies of the purest benevolence, characterized by a lovely Ohristian spirit, and agencies also of a high intellectual culture. It is impossible to speak sufficiently in praise of this noble agency for woman's highest mental and spiritual improvement. At Kaiserswerth at present there are about 260 deaconesses. More than one thousand have been sent forth. They have 103 stations, many of which are in Germany and Southern Europe. Nineteen are in the East-at Smyrna, Oonstantinople and other citiesand all are in charge of some 50 deaconesses. At Florence, Italy, there is an institution of 70 pupils. It began with 20, and in two years it was self-supporting. In some places these labors are under the direction of' a committee of ladies. The deaconnesEles are religious, cheerful, loving and earnest in spirit. The only critici~m that I could make in regard to all these schools would be that they should be of a still higher literary grade, in order to respond more fully to the wants of the people. These noble-hearted deaconesses, however, going forth two by two in V the various countries of Europe, are doing a great work and are signally blest. Their policy is the true mission policy, and the only successful mission policy that can be employed in mission work for all the Papal States of Europe.

In conversation with the late Dr. Mark Hopkins, President of the American Board, only a short time before his death, I spoke of the culture and religious influence I was endeavoring to secure for young women in Oentral and Southern Europe, and I referred to the work of the German deaconesses establishing religious schools in the East and in other countries, with their wonderful success. He replied, "Why cannot the Ohristian women of our own land do a similar work? Let there be an organization and perhaps an institution in this country or in Europe like the one at Kaiserswerth, to prepare young women thoroughlyfor this special work; call them deaconesses-I see no objectionand send them forth two by two to establish evangelical schools; it would be a noble work." And when I referred to the aid I was then seeking for this very object he said, as President of the American Board, " We are doing no better work in any part of the world than you are doing in Southern Europe; if I had money I would give liberally, but poor as I am I wish my name and the name of my wife associated with this enterprise;" and saying this he gave me a donation for himself and also for his wife.

Only a day or two after, in speaking with Roswell D. Hitchcock, D.D., of my work in Europe, after words of high commendation and approval he said, "It is a grand work, and I wish to show that I fully endorse and appreciate it." He then gave me a donation for this object.

In the same day these two men, first in our country in culture and first as leaders in benevolence, finished their work on earth.

It is by means of such influences as have gone forth from Kaiserswerth and from the college in Greece that woman is now earnestly calling for a higher and better Ohristian culture. Feeling that she has in the past been held back from her higher sphere of action, numerous organizations are now everywhere being formed for improving her condition. Her claims for education, for social and industrial freedom, and for political enfranchisement are earnestly advocated by the first women in every department of art, literature and philosophy throughout Southern Europe.

Most marked and happy was the influence upon the educational condition of wome~ in Europe coming from the admirable exhibit of our American system of education made at the expositions at Vienna and Paris. Residing at Vienna and the south of Europe at the time, I could give many interesting proofs of this. For instance, at Vienna, shortly after the Exposition, a princess of one of the first families of the empire said to me, "Do you know what we want at Vienna? It is an institution similar to the best female schools and colleges in the United States. We need it for the education of the daughters of our nobility. I am fully persuaded that your system of female education is far superior to that in our church under the direction of the Jesuits and the convents." And she added, "If you will persuade the good ladies in England and America to aid in initiating such a system of education and establish a college here at Vienna, I will be a patroness of the institution." Such were the wonderful words of a lady who belonged to the representative Oatholic family of Austria.

So also in Italy. Once visiting the highest school of female education established by the Italian Government at Florence, being struck by some improved methods of instruction, I asked the lady principal some question in regard to them. She replied in substance, "You will recognize my system of instruction in many points to be distinctively American. I was at the Paris Exposition, and there day after day I faithfully studied your American methods, and these I have introduced as far as possible into my school." This lady expressed the wish that our American system of schools, with a true religion, might everywhere be introduced into Italy, and she believed that such schools would be the salvation of the country.

Here is opened before us a mission work in Europe, in our opinion second to no other-a workfor ~ooman and to be done by ~ooman.

In close contact with mission life for a long series of years, in all that I have seen and done, I cannot form a conception of a nobler mission work in this or any other age than that of' carrying our best culture, with a true religion, at the present crisis of woman's history, to the Papal countries of Europe. Evangelical schools of higher female education are the agency, and the agency that is desired in Italy. Not schools without religion, but schools with religion.

It is well known that the Italian Government is now doing much for education; but having banished the Jesuit and the priest from all educational institutions, their schools are all without religion-from the primary to the highest-no religion. But the Italians of the beUer class have much religious sentiment, and wish their daughters to be educated in schools under religious influences. They say, Religion has in the past occupied so prominent a part in our schools, what is now to take its place? The schools are becoming more and more irreligious, and there is reason to fear that ere long the people will appeal to the government for the priests to be returned to give religious instruction in the schools. For this reason they ask us to hasten to their help. One of Italy's first scholars and ablest statesmen not long since said: "The weakest point at present in Italy is the religious education of young women. In our schools there is no religion; and why," he asked, "do not benevolent men and women in America and England see it and come to our help, bringing to us the superior culture of their schools, with a true religious influence, and thus aid in emancipating our system of female education from the control of the convent and the Jesuit? They could confer no greater blessing upon It~ly." Thus speaks a noble Italian, who has the best interests of his country at heart.

Immediately after the formation of the kingdom of Italy, which seemed like the springtime of life to the nation, many courageous women arose to take part in her literary regeneration, and these gave a marked impulse to higher female education. As early as 1869, at the :request of some of the first ladies of Italy, we made an appeal to the Italian Government for the establishment at Florence of a "Ladles' International Oollege." We had several conferences with the Minister of Public Instruction, and the project was received with great favor. The United States minister wrote several letters to this country to interest friends in the enterprise. But Florence was then the capital, and unfortunately a building in that city could not be found for the purpose. But the establishing of such an institution of high literary culture was regarded of supreme importance to Italy. Un.sectarian in its character but vUaUy Ohri.stian in its influence, it would prove far superior to any direct denominational mission agency ever introduced into the country. It is thus, as Sir William Muir of the University of Scotland said, "establishing evangelical schools of higher female education in Papal Europe, is mission work of the highest imuortance."

THE GREAT WORLD COUNCIL. [APRIt

THE GREAT WORLD COUNCIL.

[EDITORIAL.-A. T. P.] THERE are those on both sides of the sea that look forward to the coming month of June as the time for the convening of a Council second in practical importance to none that has ever met since the day of Pentecost.

A general Missionary Conference is then to be held in Exeter Hall, London, from June 9th to 19th, which will embrace representatives of all the great missionary societies and Christian denominations. Missionary workers, native converts and helpers from every part of the mission field will be present and participate; information of the most comprehensive and accurate sort will be furnished as to the world-wide work and field, and the practical questions to be covered in the discussions and addresses are of supreme importance to the prosecution of the great missionary campaign and conquest.

For example, the matter of missionary comity. There is a great deal of work that overlaps. While some fields are wholly destitute, others are comparatively over-supplied. . The time has fully come for a mutual understanding between Christian denominations and their societies and representatives as to the limits of their respective fields, interchange of workers, transfer of converts, etc. We need to have it determined what is to be regarded as preoccupation and what as intrusion. Certain principles need to be agreed upon as to the policy to be pursued in dealing with such questions as Chinese ancestral worship and East Indian caste; there ought to be a consistent plan for developing a native ministry and making native churches self-governing, selfsupporting, self-propagating. A common scale of salaries for native helpers would remove the temptation of a mercenary motive in seeking .larger wages, etc. A hundred questions that now present practical perplexities would be no longer embarrassing could Christian disciples agree upon a standard for the conduct of the work.

The place of education in the work of missions needs to be determined. The need and value of schools, the scope of their educational schemes, coeducation of the sexes, the language in which teaching should be conducted, the character of the teachers to be employed, the question of copartnership of different societies in college work, the importance of higher education, and especially theological training, the shortening of preparatory courses for those who cannot spend the full period of preparation ordinarily required-how many and vast are the problems of education demanding solution!

Then the whole position of the native agencies needs definition and determination. How to secure a large efficient body of capable native workers, how to fit them for service and set them at work and support them in the work, how broad to make the basis of their training without raising them unduly above the people for whom they labor, how ample to make their pecuniary support without putting before them the temptation of avarice or elevating them to a false level-here is a whole continent of thought needing exploration.

The methods of mission 1vork demand adjustment and agreement. The qualifications of missionaries, physical, mental and spiritual; their course of training, the question of a medical education for the ordinary worker, the establishment of missionary professorships and lectureships at home and abroad, itinerant and local evangelism, industrial and medical missions, adaptation to existing usages and customs, and the attitude of the missionary toward the government and society at large-these are matters vital to a large success.

Then the creation and dissemination of a Christian literature; the power of the press and its utilization; Bible translation and distribution, and the multiplication of tracts and books; the newspaper, apologetic literature, children's papers and periodicals; and last but not least, the way to get and keep before Ohristians the facts of modern missions through a cheap, comprehensive and frequent form of printed statement-here again the conference might busy itself for the ten days of its sessions.

Consider again all the intricate matters that concern the development of the chu,rch at home. The monthly concert, missionary maps, missionary conventions, simultaneous meetings; the increase of gifts, but above all of prayer / the education of children in knowledge and love and systematic giving; woman's work, its range,' its opportunity, its grand utility; the consecration of wealth' and the organization of the mites into millions-behold here another class of questions engaging the best thought of our day.

These and scores of other subjects will occupy the sacred season of prayer and conference in June next in the world's metropolis. One of the editors of this REVIEW may well be permitted to feel a very special interest in this approaching conference. As long ago as 1881 he published an appeal, which was widely distributed in this and other lands, calling for a world council of missions. That appeal closed with these words: "Let us have an ecumenical council, representing all evangelical churches, solely to plan this world-wide campaign and proclaim the good tidings to every living soul in the shortest time! Let the field be divided and aistributed with as little waste of men a,nd means as may be. Let there ~e a universal appeal for workers and money, and a systematic gathering of offerings that shall organize the mites into millions.

"The grandeur of the proposition thrills the very pen that puts it on paper. And yet, after studying to look at it calmly and coolly, I can see nothing to hinder such a glorious result, save the lack of the divine anointing."

At the Northfield convention of believers in August, 1885, Dwight L. Moody presiding, the great assembly by a rising vote adopted a similar deliverance calling for a "great council of evangelical believers to meet at some great centre like London or New York t.o consider the wonder. working of God's providence and grace in mission fields, and how fields now unoccupied may be insured from further neglect, and to arrange and adjust the work so as to prevent needless waste and friction among workmen, and so to greatly further the glorious object of a world'!! evangelization." That appeal closed thus: "We earnestly commend the suggestion to the prayerful consideration of the various bodies of Christian believers and the various missionary organizatioll!'l. What a spectacle it would present both to angels and men could believers of every name, forgetting all things in which they differ, meet by chosen representatives to enter systematically and harmoniously upon the work of sending forth laborers into every part of the world field! "

This deliverance was signed by seven representatives of different denominations, as a committee: Arthur T. Pierson, Philadelphia, Presbyterian, chairman; A. J. Gordon, Boston, Baptist; L. W. Munhall, Indianapolis, Methodist; George F. Pentecost, Brooklyn, N. Y. Congregationalist; William Ashmorc, missionary to Swatow, China, Baptist; J. E. K. Studd, London, England, Church of England; Miss E. Dryer, Chicago Avenue Church, Chicago.

There will be many who will regard this council, now called to meet in June, as the answer to many fervent prayers. For one, the writer of this article looks forward to this meeting as surpassed in importance and possible results by no other ever held. In fact it may be doubted whether it be not the first of its kind. When before have Christians of every name and land met, without regard to any denominatioual lines or limits, to represent on the one hand the entire body of Christendom and on the other hand the entire field of missions, pagan and papal, Mohammedan and heathen! This will be an ecumenical council in fact. And think for what a purpose they meet who gather there and then! To map out the world-for Christ's war of the ages! To cover every district of earth's surface with the network of missionary effort; to plant the cross in every valley and on every hill ; to put the Bible in every hamlet and hut; to prevent all waste of men and material and means; to distribute work equally and equitably; to accelerate the progrelils of missions so that in the shortest time the witness may be borne to all people and to every soul! Is there any purpose on which the whole Christian church could so heartily and confidently invoke and implore God's blessing?

There is one outcome of this council for which we look with greater confidence and hopefulness than for all other results combined. How heavy has our heart often been over the wide spread apathy and lethargy of the church itself in respect to missions! Even where missionary effort is found, how often are its methods excessively conservative, stereotyped and often even secular. Dependence is frequently placed on mere organization. A transient enthusiasm is awakened that is like the morning cloud or early dew, that passes as quickly away. How little avidity in welcoming news from tbe field! How little prayerful solicitude for the progress of missions! How slow and spasmodic the inflow into the Lord's treasury !

What the church needs just now above all else is a baptism of prayer. 'fhe world has invaded the church with its secular spirit and its skeptical spirit. Confidence in the supernatural is practically undermined. " A life of faith" is often sneered at as fanaticism, and" dependence solely on prayer" is regarded as a mere pretense or an indirect mode of advertising and appealing. Men show the grade of their own piety and spirituality by their construction of the motives and methods of other disciples. A Ohristian who sneers at George Muller, Francke, Dorothea Trudell, and who speaks in depreciation if not deprecation of J. Hudson Taylor and the heroic African bishop, William Taylor; he who will embark in no enterprise where he has not a human security, has the flavor and savor of the natural man and does not perceive, or certainly receive the things of the'Spirit of God. -The Christian church needs to pray and pray in faith, believing and expecting great results. Mathematics and measuring lines cannot compass God's power. There is a supernatural sphere and an omnipotent energy at work in that sphere. The God of Pentecost is not dead. The Holy Ghost can" demon.,trate" what no argument can prove to a soul whose spiritual perceptions are dulled and deadened. There is a logic of moral conviction that God only can wield. He who takes up the isles as a very little thing knows how to raise a continent to a higher level; He who can say "Let light be" can flood a world with glory. Where is the faith in prayer that made the place where primitive disciples assembled to shake with the presence of God; that caused Peter's chains to be riven and his prison doors to open of their own accord; that made the palace of the Oresars a vestibule of heaven, and turned infidel Thessalonica into a pulpit of evangelism?

If that conference in London shall not issue in a new baptism of prayer, the highest result will not be attained. We believe that from the first that great gathering in which all disciples forget their differences and join hands and touch hearts in a common purpose to promote God's glory will prove a new Pentecost. We expect to see even the visible tokens of the divine presence. Let the whole Ohristian church unite in one mighty and moving entreaty, that in these latter days it may come to pass that God shall pour out his spirit upon an flesh and Joel's prophecy shall at last find its grandly complete fulfillment.

MISCELLANEOUS ITEMS FROM FOREIGN MAGAZINES

MISCELLANEOUS ITEMS FROM DANISH, SWEDISH, DUTCH, SWISS, FRENCH, AND OTHER FOREIGN MISSIONARY"

MAGAZINES. .

[Translated and arranged for THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD by REV. CHAB. C. STARBUCK, Andover, Mass. Scores of our exchanges in other tongues have been patiently gone over for these interesting facts and statements.-EDS.] THE Swedish Lunds Missions Tidning gives the whole number of missionaries (male and female) that have gone out from Protestantism as six thousand.

The Missions Tidning, in an obituary notice of the eminent Swedish missionary Dr. Andrew Blomstrand, says that one of the motives he assigned for going abroad was his wish" to see whether missionaries could not live in peace with one another!" Having once; during his 27 years' stay in Southern India, been exhorted to come home for rest, he answered: "As it so often happens that missionaries, without any sufficient reason, leave the missionary work, I hold it my duty to give others a good example, and it is therefore impossible for me to leave our mission with a good conscience so long as God upholds my health and powers. With broken health I shall be glad to die in the dear homeland, if such were God's will. If I should return home well and strong but without a good conscience, I should be unhappy and should not be able to occasion joy to the dear ones at home. But if I stay in India so long as God wills, my letters will occasion joy to my dear ones."

The Tidning, speaking of the Ziegenbalz, a memorial church in Tranquebar, remarks that" even heathen have gIVen a very decent amount toward it. They hold it a good work to contribute,to religious ends in any form. Some do this without any further thought. But others again are convinced that the Christians' God is mightier than theil'S. Thus lately a heathen told me that when his grandchild was ill he was thinking of calling me in to baptize it before it died. But as the child recovered he let the matter go by, in fear of his kindred, as usual."

The question of caste in India has many complications. Herr Horberg of Tranquebar, giving an account of a primary school of which the native pastor had taken charge at the request of the heathen, and in which all the teachers were Brahmans, remarks, "To send our Pariahs to it is quite out of the question. A single one would suffice to put teachers and all the pupils to flight."

The Neueste Nachrichten aus dem Morgenlande, spea~ing of the lepers' asylum at Jerusalem says, "The only pastoral offices in this are Protestant. It is true we should not in principle object to admitting the pastoral visits of a Catholic or Greek clergyman if they were desired. But they are not desired, either by patients belonging to these communions or by the priests. ThQ Greek and the Roman church alike see in the lepers only men thrust out of society and appointed to death, who are no longer of any value as concerns the extension, power, and glory of the visible church on earth, since they noflonger have any influence in the family or the community. And far less does Islam advance any claim over the religious instruction of Moslem lepers."

The Danske Missions-Blad published at Copenhagen, remarking on the late spread of missionary interest in the colleges and seminaries of England and America, laments that there is so little in Denmark's one university. There is, however, it appears, a missionary conference in the University of Copenhagen, at present numbering- one hundred aud fQur lllembersl and C(msisting not only of theological students but of various others. It holds eight meetings a year, in whiCh the missionary cause is handled in what migh- perhaps appear to us a clumsy and roundabout way, but, on the other hand, with that scientific thoroughness and expendIture of thought and previous research which is more characteristic of European than of American schools. What appears to us very strange is that no theological student has yet offered himself to go abroad. Danish as well as most German missionaries are laymen, mostly of the working classes, who, after offering themselves, receive a special preparation in special seminaries at the expense of the missionary societies which send them out. But the interest, more and more felt in the more cultivated circles of society in England and in America, seems to be making a decided impression among Christians on the continent.

The Blad has an interesting autobiographical account of a Chinese con- vert, describing his first meeting with the missionary who brought him to Christ. "In the great famine I was helped by Mr. Hill, an English mission- ary. After having distributed gifts he offered a prize for an essay on Christ tian subjects, and to facilitate its composition offered the loan of Christian books to those who might wish to compete. I presented myself, and my essay won the prize. I was to receive the money in Ping-Yang-Fu. I had heard that the Christians could. bewitch people, and was therefore afraid to • approach them. Yet I went to Ping-Yang-Fu, taking my brother along. On our arrival my brother undertook to procure the money for me, but came back with the message that the foreigner wished himself to see and talk with the man who had composed the essay. I was now in a strait: on the one hand stood the fear of being bewitched, on the other hand the fear of losing' the money. At last I decided to go. As I neared the house I met three of my countrymen coming out of it, who I found had been helping him. I asked them if they were not afraid of being bewitched. 'No,' said they, 'nor will you be when you learn to know him.' Accordingly one of them introduced me to missionary Hill. A look, a word was enough! As the stars pale before the dawn, so vanished all the evil reports I had heard; every trace of fear disappeared, my heart became at rest. I saw his mild eye, and remem- bered the words of Mencius: 'Where a man's heart is evil his eye betrays it.' I felt that I stood before the face of a noble man."

The following words of M. Dieterlen, a French missionary in South Africa, found in the Journal des Missions Evangeliques, are often as hard for mis- sionaries to take to heart as for natural parents. The secular incapacity of Rome to comprehend them is what has chiefly converted her presidency, in so many nations, from a blessing into a curse. It has been simply an obsti- nate refusal, continued through ages, of a missionary society to provide for the gradual withdrawal of its own oversight. "I have striven," says M. Dieterlen, "to gain the confidence of my people by exhibiting confidence toward them, to develop their individual conscience and judgment, and to teach them to depend not on a man, but on Christ himself. The thought with which I have endeavored to be constantly inspired has been: 'They must increase and I must decrease,' a word which ought, so soon as it can safely be applied, to become the motto of every missionary, and which, car- ried out in wisdom, will bring us, without any revolutionary shock, to the establishment in our missionary churches of a regular government and of a native pastorate,"

The African races are far enough in arrear of civilization, but they have the instincts of despotism in a high degree. The following description by one of the French Protestant missionaries on the Zambezi, :Mr. Coillard, presents this on both its ludicrous and its atrocious side: " Kabnkee, a lad of fifteen or sixteen, the king's son and the viceroy elect, seems as yet illinstrncted how to bear the weight of his novel dignity. He grimaces like a coqnettish girl, .winks, twists his month, trifles with a rhinoceros-horn, as if he fonnd his hands in his way; he drinks the native mead, said to be as strong as brandy, and surronnds himself with all the ceremonial of his father's court. He had not been half an hour at the station when he began to show all the qualities of a practiced beggar. He had all manner of wauts to satisfy. He coveted above all one of our wooden chairs, and, undannted by two refusals, returned a third time to the charge, so that I was fain to capitulate. And now this seat, glistening with ochre and grease, is borne everywhere before him as the symbol of his high position. The elder chiefs, onr old friends, are, in the presence of the beardless yonng prince, as mean and cringing as they had been hanghty. They appear like greatfnnctionarles disgraced and fallen. bnt still in a measnre indispensable. When they visited the capital the king did not kill a single beef or even goat for them; he gave them only fish to eat. No wonder, then, that they are moody and taciturn. Lewanika has made a distribntion of the wives of all the murdel'ed or fugitive chiefs, but all the children-those dear little children, of whom some are so intelligent and so amiable-have to the last one been mercilessly put to death. We have received harrowing details of this horrible tragedy."

The Journal remarks that at present a singular conflict is going on in Africa : " Civilized Enrope protests against the Arab slave trade; the Moslem merchants lift their voice in return against the alcoholic fioods-il2,420,0921itres in one year from the two ports of Bremen and Hambnrg-which to their eyes represent Christianity. Is not the work of missions interested in these facts'? Ought not our missionary enterprises, our missionary agents, onr missionary prayers, to form, as it were, a dyke against this poison in which the colonial civilization of the nineteenth century would fain steep Africa?

.. But there is in all these facts a Christian interest of a more general order. We cannot too often repeat that in the impulse which at this time Is directing the activity of Europe toward distant countries and especially toward Africa, we onght to behold a sign of the times. Almost always the signs of the times contain appeals to the chnrch of Christ. As the Reformation was, in the plans of God, a parallel current to the Renaissance, so also to-day Christian missions ought to be our response to the contemporaneous colonial movement. May the Lord, who has caused us to live at this honr, give ns the spirit which ought to animate ns I The new routes opened throngh the hnge African continent, the great commercial crises, the creation of new colonial empires, the birth of international states, the chivalrons enterprises for the rescne of a valiant soldier; the encroachments of Islam, which is everywhere forming its odions slave-cofles, and pnshing them like mere cattle toward the coasts; the corrnption which our merchant ships discharge upon these same coasts, and Which insinuates itself into the veins of these vigorous populations to enervate them; the perseverance of our miSSionaries, who alone in the night of paganism, like sentinels of a forlorn hope, watch the horizon in hope of discovering the arrival of new recruits, not isolated but in serried ranks; the Christian constancy, in the midst of torments, of negro colliessors, the blood of martyrs -do they not instrnct us that the hour of God has strnck for missionary efforts snch as shall surpass all that has been done hitherto? Do not all these events cry ont to us, 'Where is there to-day in the church the love of Christ which constrained a Paul f' "

M. Duvoisin, of the French Protestant mission in South Africa, writes: " A considerable part of our work, and we may well believe not the least solid, is that which is wrought, so to speak, In the deep places of th~ earth, and which consists in restoring the conscience and in laying ,n human sonls the very beginnings (les assises) of that moral fonndation on which some day may rise the fabric of a living and spiritual faith. Here is a work which escapes our hama. standards.of valnation, and which, nevertheless, is so precions that it would be worth the consecration ot one's life to it, were one never to have the joy of registering a single conversion."

Dr. Casalis, from among the Bassutos, writes to his father, describing a visit to a remarkable waterfall : "The river has cut itself a bed 300 feet lower than the rest of the platean, before arriving at a narrow gorge surrounded by frightful precipices, and there it makes a perpendicnlar leap of 620 feet. I do not feel myself capable of describing this wonder of nature. I have seen Niagara; I have visited the Staubb..ch, the Reichenbach, the Giessbach, etc., and nevertheless I have fonnd the Maletsnnyane more overpowering still. Tbe gorges are something extraordinary, rising perpendicularly almost 900 feet, like a titanic wall of a reddish granite veined with white qnartz. Here again rises a tower of more than 5,600 feet; you might thiIlk it the tower of an old cathedral. How is it, that during more than forty years the missionaries of Lessouto have never snspected the existence of such a marvel f"

CONDITION OF FEMALES IN INDIA

Occasional visits to such a resort will be a wonderful restorative to the spirits and health of the missionaries.

Says the Journal des Missions Evangeliques : " The history of Christian missions on the west side opens with a characteristic and most mOving incident. In the middle of the eighteenth centnry ten Moravian missionaries established themselves on the Gold Coast. In 1770 they had ali snccumbed to the murderous climate of this region. Count Zinzendorf declared, in a memorable and prophetic epitaph, that the ten seeds thns laid in the soil of the dusky continent should yet spring forth in a waving harvest. The Basel Missionary Society in 1828 succeeded to the Moravians. In 1840 the sole snrvivor of this second company of volnnteers retnrned to Basel. They had been faithful unto death. Canon Taylor has good rcason to say, however disparagingly he may mean it, that the chnrch has made great sacrifices for Africa. The pretended Moslem missionaries lay waste the land and massacre without pity entire popUlations. The servants of Jesus Christ, aner the example of their divine Master, lay down their lives if need be to save that which is lost.

" What is the present state of the Basel missions on the Gold Coast? They reckon in the ten stations nearly 8,000 adherents, of whom 2,995 are communicants. The work is directed by 82 European missionaries, 19 native pastors and 116 evangelists and schoolmasters. And this is only one of at least twelve missionary societies which are sending laborers into these homes of fe"er and death, among which we are glad to be permitted to mention our own modest work in Senegal."

Canon Taylor's Moslem missions do indeed have their dark side, as witness the following, from the Journal des Missions Evangeliques: .. In 1855 peace and prosperity reigned in the country between the Opara and the Niger; fertile fields sustained the nnmerous villages which filled the valleys, according to the testimony of the traveler Clapperton. When Richard Lander traversed these countries in 1830 he no longer fonnd there anything but slight traces ofburnt villages and here and there a banana plant struggling with the weeds; the howling of apes and the cries of paroquets alone disturbed the silence and solitnde. The fanatical Fulbes had passed over all things like a destroying wave. Some bands of fugitives, rem nants of more than 150 villages burned and destroyed, sought refnge in a cavern near an immense clilr of porphyry. There they fortified themselves and named this asylum Abeokuta-that is to say, • Under the Rock.' "

The history of the steadfast Christian church of Abeokuta and of Yoruba is well known.

CONDITION OF FEMALES IN INDIA.

[From a discourse delivered to a company of ladies in the castle of a German baron, by Rev. Mr.

RUDOLPH.] "A WOMAN when she is in travail hath sorrow, because her hour has come; but as soon as she is delivered of the child, she remembereth no more the anguish, for the joy that a man is born into the world." But in India the poor mother has additional anguish, of which mothers in Christian lands know nothing. For months she has petitioned the gods to grant her a son; she has tried to propitiate them by gifts and promises, and now in the hour of pain and danger she looks eagerly at the women that surround the bed. At the decisive moment she watches to receive the glad tidings from their lips, "It is a son and not a daughter." But who can describe the disappointment of her attendants when they have to 8.nnounce to the poor mother that her hopes are not to be realized? How sinks her heart within her! how does she wish the child were never born! No expression of joy greets the little stranger; the little daughter is received as an intruder upon the family, that has no claims on a mother's affection. Caste distinction may peremptorily demand that an end be put to her existence forthwith.

If she is permitted to live, the father assumes the grave responsibility of seeing her married within seven or eight years. A Brahman would lose his caste if his daughter remains unmarried at the age of eleven years. But proper marriage alliances are not easily affected in India. A girl must marry in her own caste, but not in the same subdivision to which she belongs, nor in one that stands lower than her own. For those subdivisions, therefore, that stand highest in honor and reputation, it is often absolutely impossible to form proper marriage ties, and hence the only way of escape from such; difficulties is to put the little girls to death as soon as they are born. A skilllui pressure on the neck or a small opium pill would be resorted to wherever the vigilance of the English Government was but little feared. In most cases now, however, the parents try to obtain the desired end by other means. The child is untended and uncared for in every possible way. Unsuitable food is given; it is exposed to the inclemency of the weather in a state of nudity. Cleanliness, so important to a young child, is often not used.

If, however, the girl survives the neglect and the hard treatment she has received from the hands of those from whom she might have claimed love and affection, she is allowed to grow up without ever knowing what it is to have loving parents. They do not rejoice at her unfolding beauty or the ripening of her understanding. She receives no education to make her a fit helpmeet .for the lad that may enjoy the privileges of a good school. A mother in India has no wish to see her daughter beeome wiser than she herself is. The poor little thing has reached the age of seven, and the family' barber is commissioned to look out for a family with whom an alliance may be properly conduded. This important functionary must give himself no rest till he has found one that can fulfill all the conditions as to caste, wealth, standing in society, etc. He now puts himself en rapport with the barber of that family, who informs his employers of all he has ascertained about the little girl and her family.

An engagement being agreed upon, and the gods having been asked through the Brahmans, whose good will is obtained by gifts, a sum of monpy, a few dishes of sweetmeats, or afew bags of grain are sent into the house of the girl. The betrothal is followed in a year or two by the marriage of the little couple. Vast preparations are made to celebrate it with due pomp. Sums of money at exorbitant interest are often borrowed by the father, which it is impossible for him ever to repay. Astrologers are consulted as to a lucky day when the ceremony may be performed; near and distant relations and friends are invited to the marriage feast.

Musicians and dancing girls are engaged for the amusement of the men outside, while the women sit pent up in small apartments trying to eatch a gbnce, through the lattice-work of a small window or from behind a curtain, of the festivites carried on outside. The bridegroom is the centre of all; the bride is of no aecount.

Vhile the marriag'e procession on horsebaek and all kinds of vehicles, and accompanied by music, is passing through the streets of the town, copper and silver coins are scattered among the sight-seeing crowd at random. Strong young men thus reap a rich harvest, while they thrust the poor weak beggars, for whom the offering was intended, unmercifully aside. These often go away empty-handed.

The Brahmans have been feasted; they now recite with great rapidity the marriage rites in the Sanskrit language, which fortunately bnt few understand, for many expressions are far fl'om delieate. They walk three times round a fire, tie the garments of the two ehildren into a knot. The bride has to take seven steps, a ring is drawn through her nose, and now she is the wife of a lad perhaps a year or two older than herself, She continues to live in the house of her father till she is of age, when she is sent away under the disagreeable howling of the women of the house to the dwelling place of hel' husband. Here she enters another labyrinth of dark passages, small damp apartments and dirty inclosures, which look very much like the abode she has been accustomed to. She is now closely watched by fault-finding mothers-in-law and severe aunts, and she is envied bitterly by widowed young maids who were less fortunate than herself, having lost their boy husbands before they knew them, and who are now condemned to perpetual widowhood. The position of the young wife is not to be envied though. The house being uncomfortably arranged and thickly peopled by the members of the family, she has no' opportunity to be alone with her husband. In fact she sees him only in the evening by the flicker of a small lamp or on the flat roof of the house, by moonlight. In the presence of a third, not even her own children, she never sees him unveiled. All that she knows to teach her children is to fear their father.

Within a few short years she may have to share her rights as wife with another hated rival, who may soon succeed in pushing her and her children out of her position altogether. At best life with her is a continual struggle. The children grow up to hate each other; strife and quarreling among them is the rule of the day. If she happens to be childless she :;;ubmits to her fate with impatience, and possibly she may yield her affections to the children of her adversary; for whom else has she that she can love?

Who would dare to describe the abuse and neglect, the angry words and blows to which the poor women have to submit in a land where it is not reckoned a shame if her husband lifts his haud against his wife? But if she survives the hard treatment she has received in her younger years, the time comes when she will revenge herself on her lord. In old age, when passion has done it utmost to efface from her heart and countenance everything that is lovely, she generally manages to regain her lost position. It is now her turn to change the house into a hell of strife to her husband as well as to all the younger members of the family. Her old, weak, emaciated husband has now to submit, and if he does not she may sue him in court for the means of support or the restoration of jewels. Public opinion is now against him, for in India old women are well esteemed, while younger ones are treated as dirt, and girls are ciphers that have no claims of any kind. Anxiously waits the decrepit old man for the day when he may purchase a rupee's worth of fuel to burn the remains of her that hath embittered his old age so much. And after her decease he is not slow by any means to show the contempt he regarded her with, and the satisfaction he feels in being released from such a companion. Ask him why he neglects to shave his beard, and he may answer, Will I shave when I have lost an old shoe?

It is not so when she survives her lord. Her voice will be the loudest among all the mourners in the house and she will most scrupulously perform every prescribed rite that she may believe to be capable of procuring his happiness in a future world. You meet an old woman alone on the highway, unaccompanied by any attendant or friend; as she passes you, you ask her where she is going, and you are told in reply that she is on a pilgrimage to the Ganges, and that she carries the last remains of her deceased husband into the holy stream, to secure his final happiness. But where is the box that contains these remains? Ask her, and she may open the corner of hel" coarse veil and show you a piece of charred bone that she has picked up from the ashes, at the cremation of the corpse, and that she regards as a sufficient representative of her departed lord.

Bad as the condition of a Hindu wife may be, that of a widow is still worse. She may never have known her husband, he may have died when still a boy; she is condemned to perpetual widowhood, and this means a life worse than death.

At the decease of her husband she is deprived of her hair, her jewels, her good clothes. The coarest food and the hardest treatment is good enough

THE BABOO CHUNDER SEN

for her. She is excluded from all festivities in the family, she is treated henceforth as a slave. She ought to have been burnt with the body of her husband, but the English Government has forbidden it, and the widow there- a: fore remains source of anxiety in the house of her father-in-law. She is sur- rounded by the grossest immorality, and who would dare to lift the veil as to the temptations that her chastity is exposed to, and the consequent danger to her life? Poison is a convenient means to hide a multitude of sins, and the report that she died of cholera may save the honor of the family. If childmurder was an easy means to relieve the father of the difficulty of providing a suitable husband for his new-born babe, the cremation of the relict with the body of her husband used to be another means to strike at the root of all the difficulties that a widow might create to a family, and intoxicating drugs would be a powerful help to secure her consent. The watchfulness of government hinders the perpetration of this crime, and thus a life of unspeakable humiliation and misery is prolonged to the widow, but in many cases only in order to be cut short still by the cup of poison. And here government can bring but little relief by laws and regulations, because life in a Hindu family is too much hidden from the eye of the public observer.

Only the gospel can bring here effectual relief-the gospel with its enlightening, softening, consoling influences. And as the missionary cannot carry the Bible into the family, but female missionary agents can do it, we must beg that these be sent in large numbers, so that the blessings of the Christian religion may be brought to the families of the people of India.

THE BABOO CHUNDER SEN.

INDIA originated the two religions most widely spread of any, Brahmanism and Buddhism. Lately a third religion seemed strugglinginto life-an Eclectic Theism. The Eramo Somaj of India aims to combine whatever is best in all religions, Christianity rating highest, in one new faith for all mankind. Under the influence of Dr. Duff, the great missionary at· the mouth of the Ganges, arose Rommahun Roy, who died in 1833. To him succeeded Tavoal the Bengalee, who carried out the same views, accepting the Vedas, and forming a theistic society, a "Natural Religion." Of these two men Chunder Sen was the lineal descendant and heir. He was a man of magnificent physique, thoroughly honest and sincere, not profound, and scorned all books unless they be the bibles of the religions. It has been said that there are in India ten thousand Emersons; he was the greatest-ambitious, politic, exceedingly devout and emotional, not at all of an analytic or philosophical mind, not an Occidental but an Oriental in every sense of the word, a mystic, throwing himself wholly upon the intuitional in himself. More than any Quaker he believed in conscience, in an Inner Voice. No man held more heartily than he to the doctrine of an overruling Providence, to prayer, to an inspiration which answers to illumination. He considered himself gifted with an indwelling spirit, and yet that the spirit of the prophet ·is subject to the prophet. Our Scriptures he accepted as above all other bibles, the book most from God, and yielded to it avowedly when in conflict with his own "inspiration." He believed that in and by him the Holy Ghost revealed a new dispensation which shall result in the unification of all religions. He detested Unitarianism, and denounced its one representative in India; and he opposed materialism, agnosticism, atheism. He had his own idea of a trinity, regarding Christ as having existed from eternity, but" as an attribute of God." He was impetuous, possessed of the noblest oratory, completely the master of himself in every emergency. His English was. simply perfect. Every Sunday he preached in the City Tabernacle, but his chief place of worship was in his own house. Here his disciples came together

BRIEF NOTES ON NEW

every day of the week. Seated upon a raised platform, he entered upon the service, after music, in a very long prayer, the most intense petitions of which he and his disciples regarded as inspired. Often his disciples kissed his feet, but that is a not unusual sign in India of reverence only, not of worship. After music another long prayer was offered, sometimes by a disciple. When two or more such prayers were in agreement, that agreement was considered to be by inspiration and recorded as such, the truth thus revealed being accepted as infallible. These services often lasted five or six hours. At the close a poet, to the accompaniment of an instrument, indulged in an improvisation which was taken down from his lips by a stenographer. Over 1000 such Hindu hymns have been preserved, accepted as inspired scripture. When advised to read this book or that, the suggestion is rejected with scorn. "No, never," they reply; "we prefer to gaze in, and by prayer into the face of God." A vessel of oil is placed during their services upon a central table and set on fire; sticks of fragrant wood are cast into it, with the exclamation over each, "Thus perish our lust, our pride, our self-will!" During prayer a pause of some minutes occurs, in which each supplicant is supposed to be making an absolute surrender of himself to God. At the end of the service is the cry of all present, "Victory to God!" and the benediction follows, "Peace, peace!" The Baboo used dances, theatricals, processions, singing in public, and every other means of disseminating his religion. He abhorred caste, idolatry, child marriages, transmigration, and all forms of infidelity, while a hearty friend of temperance and every philanthropy. Yet, alas, when challenged to do so, the new religion could not produce a dozen individuals reformed by its agency from drunkenness; in a word, its practical results are very few and faint, and tha,t after thirty years of effort and the organization of 200 societies over India. The whole thing is but a beautiful bubble, knowing nothing of an atoning Saviour or a regenerating Spirit.

BRIEF NOTES ON NEW BOOKS OF A MISSIONARY CHARACTER.

Christianity in the United States. From the First Settlement down to the Present Time. By Daniel Dorchester, D.D. 8vo, pp.795. Price, $4.50. New York: Phillips & Hunt.

This is a noble volume in size and mechanical appearance as well as in its contents. The author, so well known for his work on "The Problem of Religious Progress," has given much time and patient labor to the production of the present volume, which is of the highest interest and value, and will long remain a standard work on the subject.

Dr. Dorchester has taken up the work of that eminent historian of Religion i'fl, America, REV. ROBERT BAIRD, D.D., and is carrying it forward with distinguished zeal and ability, and is doing invaluable service for Christianity. No attempt has here been made to write the history of our various religious denominations, but a bird's-eye view of the field is presented under the threefold classification of the three great competing forces in the religious life of the aation-"Protestantism, Romanism, and a variety of Divergent Elements." As to the Protestant churches, the beginning of each, the organic changes, schisms and reunions and the evangelizing agencies employed by them are sketched. The Roman Catholic Church has also blilen fully, fairly and generously dealt with. The Divergent Elements, existing only as drifts of sentiment and mainly unorganized, have been skillfully handled. The statistical exhibits of all the religious bodies are the best their own'official Minutes or Year-books make possible. The numerous and carefully prepared statistical tables are invaluable. We have already availed ourselves, in anticipation of the book, of some of these statistics in this REVIEW, and shall frequently have occasion to refer to them in the future. We congratllate the author and the publishers on the completion and pUblication of so grand a work bearing directly on the status of the American Church and the cause of Christianity.-J. M. S.

Protestant Foreign MiSBions. By Theodore Christlieb, D.D. Only Authorized American Edition. Congregational Publishing Society, Boston.

While this little work has been some time before the public we gladly call the attention of our readers to it. It has run through several editions in Germany, and been translated into French, Dutch and Swedish. It is a laborious and careful work, giving a "universal survey of Protestant Foreign Missions" down to the date of its publication in 1880.-J. M. S.

Ohrist mid the Gospels. By James P. Cadman, A.M. Chicago: American Publication So- ciety of Hebrew. Chas. Scribner's Sons, N. Y. Price, $1.50.

This is a life of our Lord in the words of the evangelists, and after the Re- vision of 1881. It has already passed its sixth edition, and deserves it. It contains a synopsis of the Gospels, explanations of the text, a Life of our Lord in Bible words, together with a brief history of various translations, indices of persons, places and subjects, maps, diagrams, etc.

The four Gospels are here made to throw their combined light on the career of the Lord Jesus. The true chronological order is, as far as can be ascertained, followed after the method of Rev. S. J. Andrews.

So far as we have examined this admirable book it is a very great help to any devout student of the New Testament. A simple but complete method is pursued by which at a glance,the analysis is presented of the entire con- tents of the Gospels, together with the improved readings of the text, and Scripture parallel references in full. A full and complete index is found at the close. Bible class teachers will find in it a helpful companion to the study of the Gospels. We began the examination of the volume WIth little interest, but laid it down with a conviction that it is a valuable contribution to Bible literature.-A. T. P.

The Story of Smyrna Medical Mission, in Connection with the Church of Scotland.• R. & R. Clark, Edinburgh, Scotland. Price, sixpence.

While this mission is a branch of the operations of the Jewish Mission Com- . mittee of the Church of Scotland, it receives no share of the ordinary church collections forthe Jewish missions, but is sustained by special aid from friends and churches, The account given in this little work by Mr. Scott, one of the missionaries of the society, is highly interesting.-J. M. S.

The Crisis Of MiSSions. By A. T. Pierson, D.D. Price,35 cents.

The Carter's have brought out a paper-cover edition of this wonderful work, of which many editions have been sold in a single year. It is a marvel in cheapness, considering the size and excellent quality of the letter-press.

The same publishers have brought out a new edition, the fourteenth (price, $1. 25, 12mo, pp. 406), of Moffat's" Southern Africa," with a brief sketch of his life, condensed from the "Lives of Robert and Mary Moffat," published by the Armstrongs and which we reviewed at considerable length in these pages in our January issue. We need not repeat what we there said. Moffat was an extraordinary character; his long missionary career in laying the founda- . tion of the South African Church was extraordinary; and this book, written by him on a visit to England (1839-43), considering the period at which it was written was, in some respects, the most extraordinary work on Africa ever written. We read it at its first appearance with a degree of interest and excite- ment we have seldom felt. His vivid pictures of African scenery and life, his perilous adventures, and his experiences as a missionary explorer and pioneer over all that region which his son-in-law Livingstone, Stanley, and others have since laid bare to the civilized world, have scarcely ever been exceeded. The impression of the book on our mind, after a lapse of over forty years, is almost as vivid as the day we read it.-J. M. S.

The Teaching 0/ the Apostles. By Prof. J. Rendel Harris. Baltimore: Publication Agency of the Johns Hopkins University.

This is a newly edited and superb edition of this remarkable work, with lac-simile text and a commentary for the use of this university. Through the negotiations initiated by Dr. Hale with the Patriarch of Jerusalem and the co-operation of Mr. Henry Gillman, the United States Consul of that city, a complete series of photographs of the" Teaching" have been obtained and are here given, thus securing in the most complete form possible the publication of the recovered memorlal from the early days of Christianity. It is a work of great intrinsic worth to the whole church of God.-J. M. S.

A Budget 0/ Letters/rorn Japan. By Arthur Collins Maclay, A.M., LL.B. I'p.391. New York: Armstrong & Son.

From a missionary point of view this is a book of decidl'd interest. It is written by an intelligent man after close observation and the best of opportunities for judging the Japanese. A long chapter is devoted to the missionary work. He says they are "champion listeners. They wear an ordinary man out. They are insatiate. They come three or four times a day, urging a continuance of the speech. I knew one missionary who began at four o'clock in the afternoon, and when he was exhausted his native helpers carried on the exhortation until nine o'clock at night. Of course sermonizing is not resorted to. Simply the barest recital of the Ii fe, the work, the agony of our Redeemer seems to chain their attention. The people then disperse. Very few of them, perhaps, will be baptized. But curiosity has been awakened to know about this extraordinary religion; books are bought; and when the missionary makes his next visit he will find a number of earnest inquirers after the truth."

Other chapters give discussions of the claims of Christianity as compared with Buddhism, and the need the heathen have of the gospel of salvation, and of the results effected by Christianity as compared with the results of Buddhism. This discussion is conducted with great ability and fairness. The author gives a clear and concise account of the early efforts of Protestant Christianity and the results down to 1877, the time when he left Japan.

Mr. Collins tells the following story as characteristic: "The Mitsui Bank in Tokio is a national bank, backed up with the money of the government. Young Japan had been especially educated abroad to carryon the banking sy!'tem on approved foreign principles. They were intelligent, capable and shrewd. They made excellent cashiers, tellers, bookkeepers, and clerks, so far as the merely executive qualities were concerned. They possessed every intellectual requirement necessary for carrying on a bank, but they were too intelligent. They were so thoroughly acquainted with financiering that they understood many little methods ofdeflecting cash from the treasury into their own pockets. And there was no power except fear that could prevent their doing so ; and fear had but little effect, as there was hardly any fear that the capitalists, composed of effete daimios and of government officers unfamiliar with banking, could detect how the cash disappeared. In this predicament, one of the bank officers, with great candor and solicitude, came and explained the situation to one of the missionaries. He frankly admitted that he did not believe in any religion whatsoever. He claimed that the Japanese intellect was of too philosophical a nature to accept the Jewish myth called Christianity. 'But,' said he, 'your religion does something that our religions cannot do. It makes men honest. Now, we wish our employees at the bank to be carefully instructed in these principles, so that they may learn to discharge . their duties with scrupulous integrity.'''

Mr. Collins says that the missionaries meet their greatest discouragemenij from the foreign community. "The cause of this hostility is easy to see. The presence of missionaries is a continued rebuke to the greater part of the foreign community, who are leading lives they would not think of leading at home. The natives are soon taught that these foreigners are living beneath their duties and privileges. They soon learn to point this fact with cutting and contemptuous observations, which gall the recipients thereof exceedingly. And they soon begin to draw a line between the two portions of the community: one portion is bent on gain, it is selfish and grasping, it abuses its servants, deals harshly with the natives, and is licentious; the other portion acts justly toward all, so that servants are anxious to secure them as masters, and the merchants are always on the qui vive to open accounts with them. They learn the language accurately and elegantly, and instruct the people carefully and thoroughly, and the people soon begin to love and respect them. "-J. ]H. S.

Mary and I. Forty Years with the Sioux. By Stephen R. Riggs, DD., LL.D. Pp.437. Price, Sl.50. Boston Congregational Publishing Society.

The reader who takes up this book is quite sure to read it through. He will recognize in the Mary of this story a worthy pupil of Mary Lyon and Miss Grant. Cultured and attractive, she cheerfully left her Massachusetts home and plunged into the wilderness of Lac Qui Parle. She found a " home" for five years in the upper story of Dr.Williamson's log house. From the letters written at the ijme to friends in the East, we get vivid pictures of the privations, discouragements. dangers, and triumphs of those who devoted their lives to giving the gospel to the Indian. How bravely she bore up in that terrible midnight flight from Hazelwood, and the long perilous journey to St. Paul through the pelting rains and wet swamp-grass, and with murderous savages upon the trail!

"The other partner in this firm," says Prof. S. C. Bartlett in his brief Preface, "needs no words of mine. He speaks here for himself, and his labor speaks for him. His Dakota Dictionary and Bible are lasting monuments of his persevering toil, while eleven churches with a dozen native preachers and 800 members, and a flourishing Dakota Home Missionary Society bear witness to the Christian work of himself and his few colaborers. , Forty Years among the Sioux,' he writes. ' Forty Years in the Turkish Empire' was the story of Dr. Goodell. ' Fifty Years in Ceylon' was the life work of Levi Spalding. What recol'ds are these of singleness of aim, of energy, of Christian work, and of harvests gathered and gathering for the Master! "-J. M. S.

The EvangelizatilYn oj the World. A Missionary Band. A Record of Consecration and Appeal.

This is a volume prepared especiallyfor the student volunteers. It contains 242 pages. Published by L. Morgan & Scott, London, 12 Paternoster Buildings. The price is not given, but if we remember it is 18. 6d. sterling. It was published under the name of "The Missionary Band," and has run through fifteen thousand. It is now enlarged and published under this new title. It contains skillfully arranged extracts from Spurgeon,Arthur,Griffith,Vaughan, Moule, Somerville, Radcliffe, Loudels, Alden, Guinness, Pierson, Cust Haig, Hudson Taylor, etc. It is one of the best books conceivable to put into the hands of young men and womeq. Its paragraphs are a history, a poem, a prophecy, all at once. Short, suggestive, on fire with God's Spirit. The themes so briefly treated are: The Needs in India, China, Africa, e!c.; Benefits to the Church from Missions; Injury to the Church from Neglect, etc. ; The Missionary Spirit; The Men and Women Wanted; The Work of Missions; Truths Essential to Success; Prayer; Personal Consecration; Spiritual Anointing; Woman's Work; Y. M. C. A.; Universities and the Missionary Volunteers; Helpful Books; Missionary Societies, etc. There are 20 full-page illustrations, alone worth the price of the book, besides three maps, four musical pieces, and six portraits.-A. T. P.

Hodder', Li/e Q/ the Earl 0/ 8ha/tesoor1l. 3 volumes. London and New York: Cassell & Co.

We do not hesitate to say that from this book, which we read with enthusiastic delight, we got more inspiration and help in the direction of missionary labor at home and abroad than from any other biography we ever read. Shaftesbury was a rare and unique example of a man who deliberately turned his back on temptations to wealth, position, rank and power, pleasure and self-indulgence, to undertake the uplifting of his fellow men. Without regard to their position, degradation, or depravity, with utter contempt of casteocracy, he devoted his time, his money, his whole soul, to the work of reforming abuses, abolishing outrages, and improving conditions. For sixty years of his public life he never swerved from his purpose. He accepted as his divine calling this sublime vocation, to lift up the fallen, and to take out of the way of the poorest and most easily tempted the enticements to evil. Where he found a man ignorant of Christ he sought to inform him; where he found the most abandoned criminal he sought to touch the tender spot where capacity of response still remained. He fought for half a century to see the abuses of the insane asylums, factories, mines, and workshops abated or removed, and meanwhile stood at the head in all true labors to bring the. gospel to bear on the darkest and most abandoned quarters of the great cities, especially London. Every intelligent and earnest man or woman ought to read this book. Those who cannot afford to buy it ought to borrow it. The copy we own is a part of our "circulating library," and we rejoice to see it worn out in service, as its heroic subject was. As a model biography, as a biography of a model philanthropist, as a book which combines the value of a history with the beauty of a poem and the fascination of a novel, we cannot speak in terms high enough to express our appreciation of Mr. Hodder's magnificent work.-A. T. P.

Modern Olties and Their Religious Problems. By Samuel Lane Loomis. New York: Baker, Taylor & Co.

This is a book that deserves to be widely read. It touches wisely and discriminatingly some of the most practical problems of the day. The author has manifestly spent years in the personal and painstaking investigation of the questions he discusses, and his suggestions throw a flood of light on the method of dealing with the cities. The Introduction, by Dr. Josiah Strong, is itself worth the price of the book. But this iii! not meant to deprljOiate what follows. The growth, social composition, and menace of the cities is plainly set before the reader; and then the best and most successful methods of Christian and philanthropic work are presented, with extended references to the actual examples of such work in London and Paris. The last chapter abounds in useful hints, as to the increase and employment of working force, the nature and frequency of such service, the value of the parish system, etc. The two chapters on Christian work as performed in London, with the ex- tended and detailed description of the methods employed, furnish in themselves a volume rich in valuable contribution to the practical solution of the great perplexities now before the church. This book should be set side by side with" Our Cquntry," and read by all earnest and thoughtful men and women. -A.T.P.

CORRESPONDENCE AND GENERAL INTELLIGENCE

II. -CORRESPONDENCE and GENERAL INTELLIGENCE.

The Missionary Meeting. Ages. The carrying of the gospel to the modern nations. St. Augustine, Cyril and Methodlus ; [Letter from Mr. H. N. Brainerd, a St. Patrick in Ireland, etc. (c) Study of Boman graduate of Harvard, who expects to Catholic and Jesuitical missions. Francis be a foreign missionary.] Xavier, Loyola, etc. Dlustrative of the wrong method of working. (d) Modern missions. How shall we make our missionary meetings Awakening of Protestants. History of societies, both profitable and interesting? This is a ques- especially of the early movements in our own tion often asked, and for nOne is a practical country. (Si Study of particular missions, as answer more important than for the members of China Inland Missions, missions of Polynesia, the missionary bands now to be found in nearly the Harmannsburg MiSSion and the rest. (4) all our colleges. Perhaps a few suggestions may Study of missionary heroes, as Carey, Brainerd, be helpful. John Eliot, Judson, Bishop Patteson, Living- stone, Moffat, Henry Martyn and hosts of others. 1. Give the missionary meeting a status. De- (5) Study of the actual life and work of the various termine upon the number which may be reason- missionary stations. This may be got from reably expected to be held, and make no devia- turning missionaries, always glad to speak of tion, providential events alone excepted. If pos- their work; from the various publications of sible bave a regular date assigned. This will the different SOCieties; from current literature. sllow of thorough preparation. especially periodicals, happily not now indlfi'er- ent to these subjects. (6) Study of blessings 2. Give the missionary meeting an efficieut or- other than religiOUS, arisiug from efforts of misganization. Ifyour association has a missionary sionaries, as translations of the SCriptures and committee, see that the most active and de- other books, the foundations of new literatures, voted of the band are among its members. If schools. The cessation of idolatry, cannibalism, possible choose those who are in some way con- infanticide,. and modificatiou for the better of nected with actual missionary work. A record many superstitions. (7) Contributions of misof the meetings and proceedings should be kept. sions to science, such as is found in the Ely It wlll be valuable for future reference. volume. The missiouary exploration of Africa.

S. As to the meeting itself. The course of the Subjects like these ought to be interesting to meeting may be turned in several directions: every one. The Christian college man Is just the person who should be familiar with this A. The religious or ethical. In this attention kuowledge. If on no other ground, Christianity should be turned to the spiritual features of the is worthy of attention for its respectable infiumissionary question. This may not differ much ence in history, to be seen nowhere more clearly in kind from the ordinary prayer-meeting. Snb than in this. jects like these might be taken: C. Auxiliary helps. These are important. (1) The Ground of MIssionary Work. John These are: iii. 16 ; Luke ii. 10 ; Mark xvi. 15; Matt. xxvlti. 18-20. (2) The Need of Missionary Work. (1) Books. Every association or band should Psalms xiv. 2,3; Eph. ii. 12; Rom. x. 13-15; .have its missionary alcove, or shelf for books on Acts xvi. 9. (8) The Purpose of Missionary missions. (2) Maps. These are almost indis- Work. Luke xix: 10; Acts xxvi. 18. (4) The pensable to a successful meeting. They may be Siu of Standiug Aloof. 2 Kings vii. 9 ; Judges v. had at reasonable rates. (3) Charts and publica- 23; Matt. xxv. 25, 26. (5) The :Motive. Luke tions of the dlfferent societies, as "Gospel in all xvi. 5; 2 Cor. v. 14; 2 Cor. viti. 9. (6) Ways of Lands," M'wBionary Herald, THE MISSIONARY Helping. Isa. vi. 8; 2 Cor. i. 11; Matt. ix. 38 ; REVIEW, American Baptist M'f88ionary Maga- zine, and many others. They may be got always, Acts ix. 61; Col. iii. 23 ; 2 Cor. ix. 7. (7) The Re- either free Or at a merely nominal cost. (4) Curiosities from missionary fields. These may ward. Prov. xi. 25 ; Job xxix. 13; Matt. xxv. 28. not be in the reach of all, bat they render a (8) The End of Missionary Work. Matt. xxiv. meetiug very interesting. Copies of Scriptures, 14; Isa. ii. 18: Hab. ii. 14; Rev. xi. 15. objects relating to customs, productions, an- tiquities, are all profitable. (5) FInally seek and This list is not exhaustive. Many others will obtain the co-operation of your president and suggest themselves. professors. They can often aid very much in rendering an evening spent on any of these topics B. The practical and historical. This side of one worth the attention of all the students. missions is as vast and as varied as the world itself, for "the field is the world." We might In closing let me say that these topiCS are suggest here : simply intended to be suggestive. That which must be at the base of all missionary work-a (1) Study of dlfi'erent fields, as China, Japan, consecrated, active, senSible heart and mind, India, Turkey, etc. Information of the people, full of the Holy Spirit-Is most necessary here. customs, tongues, climate, productions, advantages, state of society and religion in these countries. The caution here Is not to undertake more than can be thoroughly handled. (2) Stndy of history of missions. (a) Ancient missions, which ended in the Christianization of the Roman Empire. (lI) Missions of the Middle To sueh a one these suggestions will, I trust, be pit aud looks down tnto thousands or sonls but a beginning-the first-fruits of a plentiful whose darkest night has never shimmered with harvest. Above all, let every member of the eveu a starlight ray of God's blessed and savtng band take especial interest in the meeting. Let gospel. We find ourselves here in a town ot him make it a constant theme for prayer. Let about 30,000 tnhabitants, to whom only two men all who are to contribute in any way to the are preaching Christ in the vernacnlar. The meeting hold a previous period of prayer and direct need at home is scarcely so straitened consecration together. Such efforts the Holy as that, and yet this place is supposed to be well Spirit loves to bless. supplied with missionaries and preachers."

From a Student Volunteer. NOTE FROM ANOTHER VOLUNTEER. The" Student Volunteer Movement for For- HAVB read with keen pleasure the circular, eign Missions" is still increasing. Names of .. Student Volunteers for Foreigu Missions." I volunteers are coming tn every week. Stnce favor strougly having one college each mouth the New Year Grove City College, Pa., has enwrite a somewhat similar letter, sketching the listed her sympathies and a number of volonuhistory of Its own foreign missionary movement, teers tn this movement, and also organized togiving any ideas as to their methods of organiz- support a foreign missionary, and they say they ing, increaSing numbers; stirring np snrround- can do it. ing churches, etc., as may seem helpful, and then The report that comes from this college cheers filling the remainder of the letter with snch stir- the band in Union Seminary. This seminary is ring facts as are fonnd in that circnlar, and get- betng stirred on this subject. Prayer-meetings ting as many copies printed as would place one are held each night on the different fioors for in the hands of each of the 2,800 volunteers, and the purpose of awakening a missionary spirit. send them to all the colleges. Gro,"e City College had its attention directed to this movement by a single student to whom a Suppose Yale send one iu January, Prince- letter was written on the subject. ton in February, Harvard in March, Toronto in April (and the others when they will), why Letter from Rev. W. Alfred Redwood. each letter would be a source of iuspiration to the other schools and wonld draw them together MALVALLI, MYSORE TERRITORY, INDIA, with sympathy in the same cause. December 29, 1887.

At the end of the year-the college year-if the IT is a great pleasure to me to find THE MISletters were preserved, each volunteer would be SIONARY REVIEW evangelical iu these days of so loaded with facts that his summer's work "new-fangled notions." If it had a grain of could not fail to be of great power. Try it. How sympathy with such theories as " Future Proba- I long to see the .. volunteers" pull together; tion" I certatnly should not, for one, welcome what a power they must be if only focused! The it under my roof. 2,800 should shake about (yes, altogether) $2,300,- 000 more out of our churches annually than is THE REVIEW tn the past had great sympathy now beiug given for missions, if they" get hold of "with independent missions-I mean work not the church and the Spirit gets hold of them. dependent on a society. It may be glad to know .. Come, it may be that the Lord will work for us; that I am a child of that school and am opening for there is no restraiut to the Lord to work by up this fresh ground to the light of the gospel in many or by few." _ dependence on God alone for all I need both for myself, family and work. And I am bound to .. I am but one, but I am one. I cannot do say, to the honor of his name, that he has never much, but I can do somethiug, and all I can do I allowed me to want. I have been engaged tn ought to do, and by God's grace will do." mission work for abont five years in India, but only a year'-and some months tn this neighbor- What One Did. hood. I have taken up two .. talooks " (dis- trictS) to work which contain about 200,000 Less than eleven months ago Mr. H. F. La- heathen and Mohammedan sonls, the former beflamme joined the" Student Volunteers for For- tng more than 95 per cent. of the whole. Most eign Missions." Six and one-half months after of these people have never heard the name of his decision he sailed for India under the .. Ca- Christ, and their moral condition is too terrible nadinn Board of Missions." Before sailing he to describe. Though not professioua1ly a docand Mr. Davis had appealed to the churches of tor, I give away medictnes to all who apply, and this denomination tn behalf of their foreign have a school, which is well attended, where the work; as a result about $3,000 were added to word of God is taught daily. When we came that denomtnation's foreign missionary tncome here the people were afraid of us, but now they -an income which was scarcely $14,000 the pre- come around us and show much love for us. cedtng year. Mr. Lafiamme writes as follows: .. Cocanada, India, Dec. 9, lSS7.-God can level We suffer of course some privation, from'the mountatns. I reached here just three weeks place being far away from any town where proago aud have had scarcely time to look around, visions can be got, but nothing serious. We still I am ready for this remark. The need here find much more pleasure than pain tn worktng loo!ted large to me when 11,000 miles away, but tn such a place, though there Is not at present a awful wheu one stauds ou the very verge of the suitable house In the neighborhood for Eurnpeans, and our strength Is very small. If we whole gospel, full salvation, Africa for Christ." can buy our present dwelling, the only one of I expect my brother, J. H. Harned, to send me brick in Malvalli, which we rent from govern- a valuable box of medicine which I need immement, we might in time be able to enlarge it, as diately iu my practice, which is already large. the Lord enabled us. The government will There is no doctor in this part of the country, sell it for 700 rupees, i.e., about £50 or $250. My support will come in great measure from this source. Bishop Taylor's Self-supporting Mission. Ha.ve Not I Oommanded Thee? [LetterfromMissionary Harned and wife to the Treasurer of the Society.] [Letter from Miss Grace E. Wilder, written on her way to India.] CAPE PALMAS, LmERIA, Oct. 8, 1887. DEAR BROTHER GRANT: We arrived in port BEFORE conversion, in connection with the here last Saturday. We had considerable diJIi- command "Be ye reconciled unto God," these culty in getting our goods ashore, as there are words arouse deep concern. but few boats, and these boatmen are never in a hurry; but the captain kindly lent two of his What of their message after conversion f boats, which facilitated matters somewhat, but Have not I commanded tkee, redeemed one, most of us staid on board and came ashore with bought with precious blood f Can the pronoun the remainder of our goods Sunday morning. be any less personal as I read " Go ye into all After breakfast we all went to he little old stone the world and preach the gospel to every creachurch, where the Lord graciously poured out ture. Have I not commanded thee f" his Splrit. Mr. Harned was blessed in preaching "God so loved the world that he gave his Ab, we say this .. thee" means the church. only begotten Son, that whosoever believeth It should be Interpreted as an indefinite or a disin him should not perish, but have everlasting tributive and only in exceptional cases as a perlife." In the evening Brother Cadle preached, sonal pronoun. We are like the father who after which an altar service was held aud many after an earnest appeal for missionary workers seekers went forward. We have three services asked for volunteers from his congregation. every day: one at seven in the morning, One at Among the first to rise was his own daughter. 10:00, and the regular revival work in the even- Agitated, he hasteus to whisper to her, "My dear, ing. Many are being gloriously saved, for which I did not mean you." Not alone are fathers and we praise the Lord. mothers saying this, but some are saYing, My son, my daughter, Ohrist doesn't mean you. Friday, Nov. 11, 1887. Even ministers are urging caution. Do they Mrs. Harned commenced this letter, and finally fear a literal apostolic obedience f Alas, the I found time to write a few lines. Of course you church is far from this, for" they were allscstrealize that I am full of business these days. tered abroad, and they that were scattered God is wonderfully with me while attending to abroad went everywhere preaching the word." the very many details of landing aud caring for our effects. I would be glad to write you about me' But, says one, how can I know that Jesus' last the voyage, but present matters press heavily, and I shall write concerning the work. Five of command is for the stations ou the Savilly RiTer have honses Does not much of the doubt over this question completed, and Baraca on the coast is ready for occupation. There are two stations in this large arise from a failure to Bee that God's scheme of tribe, one of which is on the bank of the river service is as wide as his scheme of salvation? and one back in the bush. We are to go to the .. Whosoever will may come; let him that hearstations this week, say about 16th or 17th. eth say come." With confidence we say the Sister Amanda Smith is here with us, work- first of these promises applies to every sinfnl ing as usual with power in the meetings. She is soul, but does not the second as unconditionally not strong, while not really sick. She will not apply to every redeemed soul? Do we meet be able to attend us on our trip up the river. a struggling, timid seeker with the question, Are When we get to our station I shall write a letter you sure God has called you to be saved f God with some description of the work. I would forbid. Satan asks this question. God forbid say for your encouragement that our goods were also that we should create doubt in the heart of landed here without the loss of an article, either a young Christian by asking, Are you sure you from the lot from New York or Liverpool. are called to serve God f As surely as the atone- Brother Pratt seems a fIIithful agent for the ment leaves no doubt as to God's yearning for work. My dear brother, I have no fault to find, the lost, it leaves no doubt as to his purpose for but in the name olthe Lord Jesus get men and the saved. Calvary not only rescued our souls; women of sound body and good sense who can it purchased our service. "He died for all, in accommodate themselves to any circumstances order that they who live should not live unto for Christ's sake, and find out if possible what themselves but unto him who died." This author- kind of doctrine they intend to preach. We go izes us to give him all-heart, soul, strength, to work with great hope of success. The Lord time. Is it not then the privilege of e'lJery Chris- God Is with us; our motto Is" All for Jesus, a tian to make the evangelization of the world the business of life f It is a fearful thing to limit service to a few believers, for this limits salva- tion. Is it not due to this that the church must now face the fact that in the last century while

CORRESPONDENCE AND GENERAL INTELLIGENCE.

she has been gaining 3,000,000 converts hea- own hands f Yes, and we must, for God hall thenism has Increased 200,000,000 1 placed It In our hands. Human choice Is a gill; we must use after salvation as well as before. The Earl of Shat'tesbury says, "Dur1ug the Did not t/le prodigal take the plan of life into latter part of these (eighteen) ceuturies it has his hands when he resolved, " I will arise and been In the power of those who hold the truth, go , " Yet no man cau come nnto me except having means enough, having knowledge enongh, the Father which hath sent me draw him. Ezra and having opportnnity enongh, to evangelize came to Jerusalem accordiug to the good hand , the globe fifty timee over." of his God upon him, for Ezra had prepared his heart to seek the law of the Lord and to do it. What a tonchstone of guilt is the qnestiou, Have Nehemiah forms a definite piau and takes his not I commanded thee? in the light of these three desire to God. "Prosper, I pray thee, thy serfacts' Christ redeemed the world, and with the vant this day and give him favor in the sight of emphasis of his last desire asked us to;evangelize this man." the world. "To this end was I born, and for this cause came I Into the world, that I shonld Mr. Mackay, who celebrated his fonrteeuth bear witness to the truth. As my Father hath anuiversary in Formosa with 1,213 converts, sent me into the world, so have I sent you. When and has during a tour of ten days baptized 1,200 this gospel shall be preached for a witness, then persons, writes: "While superintending the shall the end come." Can I, dare I say, if God work of two hundred workmen I also dispensed wants me to witness he will put me into the medicines to hundreds, preached the gospel for work; if he wants me to be a missionary he will hours at a time, taught the students at night, give me a missionary spirit? Is there the slight- and in three months traveled over 1,600 mUes." est ground for an if here' Are we not holding I don't believe in those cant phrases, "Trust iu the rebellions position of him who says, "If God God and all will come right," unless the rest be wants to save me he wi11 do it ?" He longs to added, Trust In God bnt cut the trees down; save, but he has conditioned salvation. "When trnst in God but burn them; trust In God but ye shall seek me with the whole heart, then shall plough the soil. ., Trust In God but sow the seed ye find me." Panl recognized this 800king at -sow it in tears. I believe we should think, any coot, as also the condition of service. "I plan, pray, and toil as if all depended on our fol(Qw ajt.er, if that I may apprehend that for work-excuse me, as if th.ere were no God. But which I am apprehended of Christ Jesus; I pree8 stop I At the same time conscious we cannot toward the mark of the high calling of God In hold the pen even without the power of our Christ Jesns." Conscious of the awfnlilmiting great, living and adorable Redeemer." Is not power of human inertia, he writes, " Stir up the this truth confirmed In the life of Paul and In gift that is In thee." the experience of every Christian f " Work out your own salvation with fear and trembling, Which is the greater, responsibilities In serv- for it is God that worketh in you." The divine ing or the responsibility of not serving' One and human are linked In every action. A divine says, I wonld not dare to be a missionary with- promise of Canaau was not realized for forty out a missionary spirit. But can you dare to years because of human unbelief. The promise, live withont it' Where lies the responsibility The earth shall be filled with the knowledge of the if I have not the spirit? Perhaps it is not God's Lord, !bas waited fulfillment 1,800 years. Why f What more subtle and effective, way conld Satsn gift for me. "Let this mind be in you which devise than the unbelief of refusing to take was in Christ J esns." God's revealed will as his will for men? I have not the qualifications. "Who is able TWO NATIVE SIAMESE. to do exceeding abundantly above all that we ask or think?" I am empty, so can't rnn [THE following thrilling letter will over. " Open thy mouth wide and I will fill it." be read with great interest. Though But am I eutitled to appropriate as miue the the editors withhold names, these high aud holy work of wituesslng for Jesus young Siamese are now 'in this coun- where he is not known? Keep and 800k all the commandments of the Lord your God. He has try, personally known and loved by given us the opportnnity of treadiug in the very US.-EDS.] footsteps of Jesus; like him to leave home; like him to be a stranger, despised, rejected; like My DEAR DR. PIERSON: him to seek and save the lost, the privilege of entering into fellowship with Christ's suJferlngs, I am constrained to appeal to yon, my good aud in him have it our meat and drink to do the friend of many years, for counsel and aid, If pos- will of the Father. Is it strauge that God should sible, in this time of need. You know some- not give such attainment until we covet them thing of the circumstances under which, when earuestly? Where was Dauiel when Gabriel In 1876, forced to leave Siam, my home for thirty touched him? "I set my face unto the Lord years, my wife's health brokeu down com_ God to seek by prayer and snpplication with pletely, we brought with us, to be educated In fastings." Again the conditiou appears In Ga- the United States, two Siamese lads, then each briel's words: " At the beginniug of thy supplica- 11 years old. One of these-the expense of whose tion the commandment came forth." passage home aud educatiou we took upon our But, says one, would not seeking to be a mis- sionary be taking the plan of our life Into our

selves-was the son of a true Christian woman- heading was executed stonce upon my poor boy's a treasure to the ladies in charge of the girls' mission boarding school in Bangkok, founded father; his mother and the other native wives by my wife, where she is native matron and teacher. Her heart's desire and prayer for her (the English wife with her babe made good boy was and is that he may become a preacher to his benighted countrymen. her escape to Englaud) were made slaves in tlie The other was the eldest son of one of the king's rice mills, and all the property was con· most intelligent and enterprising young noblemen in the kingdom, high in favor with the fiscated. The boy's graudfather and his two progressive young king, as were also his father and brothers, understanding, as they did, ma- uncles, once great favorites' with the king, were chinery, the steam-engine, photography, gasmaking, etc. The boy's grandfather was super- that same night arrested, sepiuztedinbycthhaeincs~oawnn.d intendent of the royal mint and a member of their houses and property the Idng's privy counCil, and the father had charge of the government gold mines at Pachim. And in chains they stilllu. It would seem as if They 80 earnestly requested us to take the nothing else than the ruin of the family could lad to Amel'ica with us, to be thoroughly educated as a civil and mining engineer, that we satisfy their vindictive enemy. And yet the could not refuse them, desirous as we were of still doing all in our power for the good of the king knows he had none more capable of servland and the people we so reluctlantiy left. So we brought on both these brave littie fellows ing him, but he is powerless against the exwith us across the seas. a~ members of our family, and in due time were established with regent, who in fact put him on the throne. I them in myoid home. I shonld have mentioned as to the latter of these lads that his friends, who cannot but believe however, that on the death were wealthy of course, were to defray all his expenses. of their foe (aud he is quite and old man) this I had been home littie over a year w hen cer- family will be restored to favor. . tain financial reverses left us with a home of our own to be sure, but without income, and with Notwithstanding these unexpected calamities the boy we had undertaken to bring up on our hands. One lad, however, still paid his expenses. which have befallen us, we have persevered iu Two years more passed away, and he too was thrown upon us for support. The story will our purpose to give these boys a thorough edusound like romance, but alas it is too true. cation, both for their own sakes and for Siant's The father had incurred the grave displeasure of his sovereign by strangely elopiug with the sake. They are intelligent and amiable, and, daughter (by a native mother, but highly educated i~ England) of the English cOJ:lsul-general better still, are, we trust, sincere Christians, In –carrying her oft' in a steam yacht, which he owned, to the mining works at Pachim, where 1880 both of them, desiriug to acknowledge behe was a sort 'of viceroy. Unfortnnately for the young noble, the ex-regent, the most pow- fore men the Saviour in whom they believed, erful of all the nobility, had a grudge against his family, and now was an opportunity to gratifY it. and beiug judged worthy, were baptized and re- He took advantage of the king's displeasure to bring charges against him ofembezzlemeut, etc., ceived to church membership. It strangely and when he returned from his three weeks' wedding trip to Bangkok, had him arrested. happened that the very next day there came He was whipped to extort confession, imprisoned, aud throwu into irons. across the seas the uuexpected aud terrible Mr. Consul- General, who at first had been tidings to the young noblemau of his father's exevery angry, now espoused the cause ot his new son·in-law and demanded his release, threaten- cution, hls mother's Slavery, and graudfather's ing a bombardment of the city by an English fleet, and actually ordering up from Siugapore an and uucles' imprisonment, aud of the loss of all. English gnnboat. The Siamese stood firm, however, and dispatched an envoy to England de- Poor boy I he had secured the unfailing Friend manding the consul's recall. This was fiually granted them, the English Government pro- none to soon. nouncing his interfereuce unjustifiable; and on the consul's leaving and the envoy's return They are both promising lads, Uniformly triumphant some months after, sentence of be- good reports as to their deportment and diligence have been received. The professor in charge of their class writes, "They are doing well in their studies," are H industrious land capable." One of them at the close of the first term" ranked .fifth in a class of 3·1," which is certainly very creditable to a boy from a heathen land in a New England school. They maintain too their Christian character and an earnest purpose to fit themselves for usefulness in the land of their birth. They are both 23 years of age. The young noblemau bears a strong resemblance to his unfortunate father whose career ended so tragically, and in looks is a good speCbneu of the better class of Siamese.

It may be that yon have iu the circle of your acquaintance those who could be induced to take an iuterest in the8e Siamese youth and carry them through their educatiou, and thus through them aid not a little in the work of Christianiz- ing and elevating that interestiug kingdom from which they come.

Tribute to Missionaries. I have of- ten been asked, "What of the mis- sionaries of the East? Are they true, and do they serve their Master?" And I have always been a swift witness to say-and I say it now, solemnly and emppa.tically-that if anywhere on it does not need the gospel; .and secthe face of the earth there exists a ondly, that there is any nation so low band of devout Christian men and down in degradation that it is incawomen, it is these. I personally know pable of receiving the gospel. The many men and women, and the names first has been exploded by the triof Dr. and Mrs. Riggs, the names of umphs of the gospel among the most Woods, Bliss, Pettibone, Herrick, accomplished, progressive nations, Dwight, and others spring up in my like India, China and Japan. As to memory most vividly. Their work is the other fallacy, let me mention one of that kind which will in future be or two facts. When Dr. Vander productive of the greatestgood. They Kemp went to labor in Cape Colony live and die in the work. One I know he found over the doors of nominally has been in the work fifty years. They Christian churches this sentence: are God's people and they should be " Dogs and Hottentots not admitted." remembered and sustained by us.- They classed the Hottentots with the General Lew Wallace. dogs, and would not have them even in Christian churches. When the Setting all religio1s questions aside, the civilizing power of the missions; Church Missionary Society went to the revolutions which have been consequent on their work; the coloniza- labor in Madagascar the French govtion, of which they were the pioneers; ernor of the Island of Bourbon said to the growing empires, founded on the missionaries, "Youmightjust as European and American civilization, well attempt to convert the cattle and of which they laid the foundations; sheep as to convert the Malagasy." the enlightening influences which And as to the Australian aborigines, have spread among barbarous nations it was thought at first that they were from their points of labor-all these so far gone that they could not apprecommand the profound respect of all ciate even the fundamental vital men of sense. The one great fact, truths of the gospel, putting them that the spread of the power of the into the simplest language in which English language as the language of you could clothe them. And yet commerce and advancing civilization, what has been done? The grandest receives an assured impetus from mis- victories of the gospel in the ninesions of English – speaking people, teenth century have been among makes these missions of paramount these very people. Madagascar has importance to the spread of British become a Christian island within less and American commerce.-.rournal than fifty years; and what triumphs of Oommerce. have been won among the Hottentots and the Australian aborigines! Taking pagan lands, we find two things. First, the people have lost Proposed New Missionary Society. faith in their religion. Sometimes The organization of a new misthey are not ready for any other faith sionary society is now being con- sidered by Christian workers in the because they are reduced to a condi- United States. Almost simulta- neously suggestions upon the subtion of skepticism or infidelity. Some- ject came from. China, Africa and times they nurse a secret faith until Chicago, to Dr. Dowkontt of the the deathbed, "that detector of the New York Medical Mission. The heart," reveals the real state of things. China Inland Mission and Bishop Sometimes they come out openly, as Taylor's Mission in Africa, which are in Southern India, and confess Jesus self-supporting, are the models set Christ as Lord, to the glory of God the before the friends interested. It is Father. Secondly, the gospel, by its proposed that the new organization triumphs, has exploded these two shall embrace some of the peculiar greatfallacies: first, that there is any features of the&e tWQ missions, and nation so high up in civilization that have in it the element of medical in less than 240 years it amounted to JDlSSlOns. The originators desire to take Canada into.. the organization more than two and a half millions of and make it a representative inter- dollars. And I asked myself whether national missionary society. The God would not make a dollar laid name which thus far commends itself up for him grow as rapidly as it does is " The Evangelical Medical Mission- by the laws of trade." GIVE 1 ary Society." Dr. Jefferis, the leading Con~­ The Hope of Paganism. Christian- gationalist in the Sydney pulpit, de- ity is confessedly the greatest power clares that the most degrading in- . in the world. This is so politically, fluence in New South Wales is that commercially, intellectually and mor- of Parliament, which is characterized ally. There are other faiths, as by the intemperate use of strong Buddhism, with a more numerous fol- drink, clouding the faculties of its lowing, but none with comparable members and rendering legislation power. The powerful and ruling na- impossible. tions are Christian nations. The ag- gressive force, the elements of con- Afrlca.-As an instance how entirely quest and molding influence-wealth, the German authorities in East Africa learning, enterprise, progress-are all are attempting to make the mission- in Christian hands. It is a significant aries subserve to their colonizing pur- fact that the political power of poses, not only are German terri- Christendom dominates almost en- tories to be made the preserves of tire paganism, whilst one-third of Protestant missionaries from Ger- paganism is under the absolute sway many to the exclusion of other na- of Christian rulers. All the forces tionalities, but arrangements have of modern thought are Christian. been made with the Pope to establish The eyes of heathenism are turned an ApostolicPrefecturein EastAfrica to the centers of Christendom. The to be occupied by German priests heathen world, dissatisfied with its alone. The French missionaries of religion and civilization, not less the well-known mission atBagomoyo, than with its poverty and misery, is opposite the island of Zanzibar, have looking toward Christendom for help. been constrained to place themselves They are· waiting for deliverance temporarily under German protec- without knowing what it is they are tion, and to continue in their office waiting for. Heathenism cowers and until German priests are duly quali- shrinks away in conscious weakness fied to take their place and develop before Christian thought and Chris- the German language and German tian institutions. Christian truth sat- influence. This appears to be a death- urates the atmosphere of the globe. The very essence of Christianity is blow to real spiritual missionary that it reconstructs man and makes him anew creature. Itnot only recasts work, as the missionaries will degenhis ideas and practices, it resets his erate into German officials, doing the affections and will. It is a life. It is work of chaplains to the German this fact, more than its external vic- settlers and state educationists, and tories, that gives us the confidence deprived of all free action. The that it will possess and remake the French priests set a bad example of world.-Bishop R. S. Foster. preaching France and Christ, and they have found now that the Ger- Dr. Deems relates that one of God's stewards once said to him: "I sat man Government is ready to play the down a night or two ago and calculated the increase of a dollar at same game with a much stronger compound, interest, and found that hand.-Church Miss. Intelligencer.

Life on the Congo. The Rev. W. Holman Bentley, an English mission- ary, has published a. book entitled .. Life on the Congo." Mr. Bentley has been longer in the Congo region than almost any other missionary, have been recently surprised by calls from the Paranapanema district for .and his book contains much that is the govermnent to send Jesuit mis- sionaries to catechise, corral and bapvaluable on the physIcal character- tize pro forma the Chavantes and Guatos, who were coming into the istics and climate of the country, the frontier plantations by fifties and hundreds. Heretofore it has been home life and superstitions of the the fashion to hunt these" buqres" and shoot them for sport like any natives, the experiences of the mis- other wild game; but a few warm- hearted men tried the other plan, sionaries, and some of the results of that of treating them liko human beings, and the result is that they are their labors. It is not yet ten years begging to be taken care of. These tribes are of a peculiarly timid and since the first missionaries at'rived in peaceable disposition, and only at- tack the white settlers when forced the country, and yet already there are to retaliate. The whole district lying between the Paranapanema and the native Christian churches at Mukim- Tiete is peopled by these tribes.

bungu, Lukunga, Banza, Manteka and Here is the finest chance in history for those of our Christian friends who San Salvador; there being about 1,500 do not believe in missions in papal countries. A million of native Americonverts, whose sincerity is attested can pagans; 20,000 immediately ac- cessible! There is a large class of by the self-denial and consistency of so-called "tame Indians" scattered throughout the empire, whose conditheir lives. There are more than fifty tion is wretched almost beyond de- scription, and who know nothing of missionaries, but the greater part of Christ Ot· his salvation. Thecondi- tion of the wild Indian of these souththem have but recently arrived. ern provinces is simply that of a wild animal, naked and unspeakably Mr. Bentley believes that Bishop filthy. Has he a soul, and have Christian people a duty toward him? Taylor's self-supporting idea is im- The work of the government is a farce, so far as any serious attempt practicable in Africa, and that it to evangelize the Indians is concern- ed. The frontiersman shoots him "could only be entertained by those without compunction, the Jesuit en- slaves him in the most literal sense. ignorant of African life and circum- Who is interested in the poor Indian, and who believes that Christ died for stances. This will be a matter of him ?-Brazilian Missions.

painful experience." He gives the France.-The Huguenot Church in France is just now appealing to following illustration of the risks and American friends. By the terms of the Edict of Nantes which received difficulties of some. men with whom the signature of Henry IV. May 2, 1598, the utmost freedom of worship he was acquainted: granted to the Protestants of Paris was the freedom to assemble outside "A few months ago a faith-healing mission, a party of four men, sent by Mr. Simpson's church in New York, started for the Congo. They held this same notion of selfsupport, and of being able to establish mission work far into the interior with a small sum of money. I saw the leader of the party, gave him the fullest information and more advice than was agreeable. They reached the Congo, and ignoring medicine the leader died in a week or two, the rest were obliged to abandon their principles, and the mail of May brought a message from them that the:y wished they had followed my adVICe. They had come to the end of their means; differences had arisen; without money enough to return home they were hoping to get some employment on the coast and thus to earn sufficient to return. Such a story nt'eds no comment, but certainly ought to be known."-Spirit of Missions.

Brazil.-The fact that there is a round million of wild Indians on the plains and in the selvas of Brazil is practically ignored by the Christian world. We who live in the country the city walls. In the suburb of church throughout all France if Charenton, accordingly, they built a another Protestant sanctuaryj ·how- Christian tern pIe. It had provision e,'er humhle, is built on that ground for 8,000 worshipers. The lj,l'chitect so memorable and sacred and from was the famous Debrosses, designer which the blood of the martyrs cries. of the palace of the Luxembourg. In that church outside the walls India.-As an instance of inquiry worshiped a multitude of the faith- among the educated classes in Inful of whom the France of that day dia, it is stated that in Calcutta a was not worthy. well-known Brahman recently called on Dr. Baumann, who in the course On the 22d of Octoner, 1685, just of conversation asked him whether 202 years ago, the revocation of the he had ever read our Bible. The man Edict of Nantes was registered and on looked at him and then slowly rethe day of the registering the destruc- plied, "I have read the New Testation of the great Protestant church at ment eighty-three times and the Old Charenton was begun! Not one stone Testament twenty-seven." was left upon another. The Huguenots residing there were cruelly per- There are thousands of towns and secuted and dispersed. cities in India and China with a pop- ulation ranging from 5,000 upward, For nearly two hundred years Cha- accessible to Christian life, that never renton has had no public Protestant have hdd a single missionary to tell worship, though the popUlation is them of the way of life. If the Im- 60,000. About ten years ago, how- man family are equally divideo, male ever, Professor Charles Clouet, con- and female, there are 500,000,000 of nected with the Belleville station of women and girls who have never had Mr. McAll's wonderful mission, be- a chance to heal' the name of Jesus. gan mission preaching at Charenton. In unbroken procession, one by one, He has already gathered a church of they would, in passing your door, 286 Huguenot members, poor in this consume thirty successive years. world's goods but rich in faith. These members have been worship- Bombay is a perpetual wonderland. ing in an old workshop, dingy and 'Vhence came the 800,000 inhabismall, and for years have hoped to tants? Last week a Greenlander build a sanctuary. During these called, seeking work. Two days aftel' years, despite their poverty, they I>. man from Australia wrote me askhave paid for a lqt costing $3,600. ing a fayor. A few weeks ago a West They have succeeded in laying by Indian came to attend to repairs on $1,000 toward a building fund. A my house. Last Sunday night I crisis, however, has come. In April preached to a congregation at which next the workshop is to be taken sat, side by side, a Russian from the down for business purposes. There Baltic, and an Armenian from the is no rental available for them, ex- foot of Mount Ararat. Among my pacept at ruinous rates. Therefore, rishiont'rs are an Abyssinian, Turks Professor Ciouet, bringing letters of from the Dardanelles, Greeks from warmest commendation and most tile Adriatic, Sidhee boys from, Zanearnest appeal from such men as zibar. Norwegians and South Afri- Monod, De Pressense, Bersier and cans live, do business and <lie in this McAIl, is now here for the raising of human hive. Is it not a wonderland? $5,000. God is working in this city. I found the Greenlander trusted him, the The churches of our country, with- Abyssinian wept as she talked of him out distinction of denomination, and the Sidhee boy from Zanzibar ought to take up the work and Cl'own needed him. it with speedy success. It would give inspiration to the Huguenot Miss Tucker ( "A. L. O. E.") went to India in her fifty-fourth year, and is now in her eleventh year ofservice under the preaching of Mr. Knowles, there. She has been enabled not only an Englishma.n, and his colleagues, to learn the language but also to visit members of the North India Meth~ habitually in more than one hundred odist Episcopal Conference. Mr. Knowles has been in the mission work zenanas, besides influencing in a very for a number of years. He has been considerable degree various portions led to feel that greater privileges of India by her writings. belong to Christian believers than have been generally realized; that Native Christians. Rev. E. Mac- through faith the gift of the Holy kenzie Cobham of Madras says of Spirit might be received in large the native Christians in India: measure both for one's self and others, and that through this gift God would .. I went one day to our chief conunissioner do his own work of conversion far of police in Madras to ask for the criminal more grandly than we had ever bestatistics of our presidency. First of all lieved. Accordingly, when preachhe told me who were the worst people in ing at the" melas " or great religious Madras. Government divides the population gatherings of the Hindus, he has into three classes-Christians, Mussulmans, been wont to press upon his hearers and Hindus. In Madras, a city of 400,000 the importance of °an "immediate people, which of these three classes is the decision." He declares himself ready best, which the worst? Government says: to baptize immediately, without fur- 'The statistics which we have received say ther test or instruction, any who will this: The Mussulmans are not the best peo- come forward and publicly avow a ple, the Hindus are not the best, the Chris- belief in Jesus Christ as their Saviour. tians are the best people.' Out of every A large number of baptisms have thus 447 Hindus we have a criminal; out of every been made of those who, up to the 700 Mussulmans in the city of Madras we moment of preaching, were thorough have a criminal; but it takes 2,500 Chris- Hindus, in full caste relations. tians to make one. Out of every 100,000 Hindus throughout the 31,000,000 of the Ma- The same course is pursued by the dras Presidency we have 49 criminals; we American United Presbyterians in have 06'2 criminals out of every 100,000 Mo- the Punjab, and thus far with unusual hammedans; but we have only 16 out of success. Whole villages have come every 100,000 Christians. That is the testi- to Christ and called for instant bapmony of governm,mt. The fact is, that if tism, which has been given, with full all the population of the Madras Presidency admittance to the church. The Methwere Christians, we should have 12,000 fewer odists and the Church Missionary criminals every year than we now have. Society prefer, as a rule, not to allow Christianity in South India has won the instantaneous baptism. The advorespectand esteem of the whole community. cates of instantaneous baptism ask, Not long ago one of my evangelists met in "Is not this the' way, after all, in the street a Hindu with a troubled counte- which the bulk of the people of India nance, a man who had a great deal of money are to be brought to Christ-not by with him. He had gone to the town to col- preliminary education, which can lect what seemed a bad debt, oand he haa reach only a few at a time, and may got it. Hehad tied it round his waist. Then draw men away from Christ instead came the trouble to keep the money. He was of toward him" (meaning evidently afraid, since he was in a strange town, that that such may be the effect of instrucitmight be stoleu, and that he might be tion in speculative and metaphysical murdered. He met my evangelist, and saw dogma), but by conversion, with inby his dress that he was a Christian, he stantaneous baptism to seal the act. saw by his face that he was a Christian; for God puts a bit of sunshine beneath a Mr. Lawrence gives a most interbrown skin, you know. He said, 'Sir, I esting account of successful work in should like to stay at your house, if you Bombay, and especially of the only please, to-night.' 'Oh I but,' said the evangelist, 'my dear sir, I am a Christian, you are a Hindu; there are thousands of Hindus here.' 'Yes, it is just because you are a Christian I want to stay with you. I can trust a Christian, but I cannot trust a Hindu.'" Is not one such testimony worth a volume of sneers?

"Instantaneous Baptism." Remark- able conversions have taken place self-supporting native church in the done everything that malice could city, and of the work it is doing. invent to annoy and impoverish the colony. "They seized," said he, .. The working force of this church is or- "our church, our village hall, our ganized into a kind of Christian Endeavor cannery, sa.wmill, store and work- Society. having from fiftEen to twenty men shop. They have taken from us over and women connected with it, who do regular 80,000 feet of lumber that was in unpaid work for Ohrist. His last night in stock at our sawmill, and white men India was spent at a tea-meeting of this have been sent to the old village and society. The hostess was a native lady, a ordered to take arms against our member of the church, who was supporting people if we attempt to bring away and teaching a school of native children in the buildings I have named. The one of the most thickly settled portions of poor people are almost afraid to go Bombay. Her husband is a Christian in for their personal property, and nothgovernment employ, and it seems to be his ing would gratify our enemies more· highest aim to have a little independent than to see the people driven to deschurch near his wife's school, where as a peration and commit some breach of layman he may regnlarly preach the gospel. the peace whereby the law, so called, Altogether I may say I have never found a might be invoked to punish them." church at home more full of the true spirit He also refers to his hope for a grant of the coming kingdorn, more ready to learn of land from the American Governand teach, to prayand labor, to receive from ment, and says that the Governor of God,andgive and do for God, than this com- Alaska has sent to him a commission pany of ninety-six Indian Christians in the of the peace, which makes him an city of Bombay." American citizen.-F. G. Carpenter.

Alaska.-The New Settlement of Madagascar.-Mr. and Mrs. Stowell the Indians in Alaska is to be called Ashwell have safely arrived attheir New Metlakahtla, and from a letter destination in the centre of the island written by Dr. Duncan, October 29, of Madagascar. Mr. Ashwell has I find that it is bravely under way. been sent out to take charge of the Eight hunared .of the Indians have society's printing establishment at crossed in canoes from British Colum- the capital. He is delighted with that bia to this point, and the work of important institution, and thinks the clearing the forest is now going on. greatest credit is due to his predecess- A line of huts nearly a mile long has or, Mr. Parrett, who had the training been built among the big trees upon of the staff of workmen.-Chronicle the shore, and a steam sawwill has London Miss. Society. been erected and is at work. The natives have built a 1l1rge salmon Pamare,Queen ofTahiti and Moorea, cannery, 100 feet long by 34 feet died at seventy years of age. At her wide, and this will be used as a birth not one convert had been made church and school until other build- in the South Sea Islands. At her ings can be provided. The Alaskan death, after years of faithful Chris- Indians are deeply interested in the tian life, more than 300 islands were new colony, and a number of· them wholly evangelized, and the gospel leaven is permeating the entire lump. have visited it. Dr. Duncan has the plans ready for building a guest- The Woman's Missionary organihouse to take care of strangers, and zations in this country and Great he hopes to extend his civiliiing work Britain report 19,286 auxiliaries, 5,193 to the Indians of his new territory. bands, 999 missionaries in their vari- The Sunday services during October ous fields, 2,219 Bible readers and were held in the open air, but at the teachers, 2,305 schools and 59,318 time of writing he expected to have pupils. Their aggregate increase the big building ready November for 1886 was $1,221,649.57, an increase 6, and they are probably in it at on the preceding year of $68,947.96. this time. In his letter he states that the governments of British Columbia and Canada and the ecclesiastical party of the English Chm'ch have

INTERNATIONAL DEPARTMENT

III.-INTERNATIONAL DEPARTMENT.

CONDUCTED BY REV. J. T. GRACEY, D.D., OF THE "INTERNATIONAL MISSIONARY UNION."

The Spiritual Element in Mission Work. ject, that of devout waiting before THE leading article of this "de- God. And yet the" shortcomings" partment" for the March REVIEW, was on the impulse got from well- of Christians when measured each by conducted" simultaneous meetings." It must have been remarked that the his own ideal so faithfully analyzed special aim of those meetings was by the Ven. Archdeacon Richardson not primarily to convey instruction, as "the coming-short" . • • "found but to develop the truly spiritual ele- in the development only in some and ments necessary for the successful the shrinking· of other parts," must prosecution of the work by those at naturally have quickened their spirhome and those afield. The "simul- itual perceptions. Rev. Hadley C. taneous meetings movement," origi- G. Moule thought no sort of missionnated by the Church of England mis- ary meeting was so likely to be made sionary secretaries, has been followed a vehicle of calling out personal servby another phase of the same general ice and calling out from those who effort to restore the devout element could not go personally, just that to missionary work. The committee spirit of prayer and self-sacrifice of the Church Missionary Society in- which would result in personal servvited their friends to join them in a ice of others, as this sort of meeting. " Whole-day Devotional Gathering" Information was not enough, general on Wednesday, January 11, saying appeals were not enough. He shrank thatitseemed tothemthat the present from criticising missionaries, but he was ,. a time when 'the members of knew from themselves their manifold the society are specially called to ap- temptations, by the solitudes of proach the throne of grace in solemn Africa, by the society of India, by supplication, confession, intercession, external success, by working for ten dedication, and praise." The place years without a convert, and by facset for the holding of this meeting ing heathenism. Rev. Canon Hare was Exeter Hall, London, and the knew there were periods of special programme divided the devotional manifestation of God's powel' "in a topics as follows: Morning meeting, way not known at other times." So "Spiritual Shortcomings;" afternoon it had been in the history of their meeting, "Spiritual Possibilities;" own missions-men had toiled and evening meeting, ." Spiritual Deter-· died one after another and their minations." Eminent men were se- wives had died. From 1804 till 1816 cured, three for each session, to pre- there was in Africa not one single sent these topics. The remarkable baptism, and then the fountain was thing about these addresses was that opened. So it was in New Zealand. they were not remarkable at all. They had toiled on without success Tp.ey were just such familiar utter- from 1814 t.ill1825-eleven long years ances as one hears over and often in -without a baptism. So it had been exhortations to holy living and even in Foo Chow. They had gone on in prayer-meeting addresses. This, for eleven years toiling without one we suspect, was deeply intentional. baptism till there was a great discus- A brilliant address might have di- sion whether or not the mission verted attention from the main ob- should not be abandoned, and one young man-he remembered him well as a Scripture reader at Margate who used to come over to him at Rams- General Assembly of Proteetant .Mis- gate to talk about missionary work, sions in Mexico.

and who had gone to Foo-Chow- OUR correspondence from Mexico when everyone said it was to be just now is full and intensely intergiven up had said, "You may give esting. The topic which is most up the mission, but I will remain." prominent is the General Conference That very year baptisms began, and which the several missions carrying a shower was poured forth from on work have held in the city of Mex- God. ico. Pan-denominational conferences are not a novelty on other greater The Rev. C. A. Fox said it was by foreign mission fields, but this was cleansing and purging that all the churches must be fitted for their the first attempt within the Republic great and glorious work. There of Mexico to bring together repre- were indeed open doors everywhere. sentatives of all the Protestant The Bible was open in 300 languages. churches and societies in the country.

The world was open all round as it The societies, missions and agents had navel' been before. The doors who took part in this conference, arwere open everywhere. What was ranged chronologically in the order wanted was the open windows of of the beginning of their work, were: heaven pouring out such a blessing 1. The Baptists (Northern Convenas they could not even measure. tion). who commenced work May, And there must be the fourth bap- 1869, and now operate in six states of tism which they read of in the Epistle the republic. 2. The Protestant Epis- -that they should all be baptized copals, formerly "Church of Jesus" into one body. Christ claims us, said (1869), but adopted by the Protestant Episcopal Church by General Con- Rev. Evan H. Hopkins-claims own- vention, 1886, and are now carrying ership, claims possession, claims con- on work in Central Mexico. 3. The trol. God undertakes for us. Sir Friends, who began in 1871 and con- Arthur Blackwood, speaking of spirit- duct a mission at Tamaulipas. 4. The ual determinations, said it was rather Central Presbyterian, who began in spiritual determination, not of the 1872 and operate in the Federal Disparticular resolution that they might trict and several states. 5. The Presbe inclined to form, but of the atti- byterian mission of Zacatecas (1872), tude of soul in which they were, the working in five states. 6. The Methdetermined attitude rather than the odist Episcopal Church South (1873), individual determinations. The now a conference with six districts in blessed result which they desired fifteen different states. 7. Methodist would depend not on the numbers o[ Episcopal Church (1873), working in the Federal District and seven states, their gatherings, not even on the now organized as an annual confer- scripturalness of the addresses that ence with three districts. 8. The might be given, but on the attitude Methodist Episcopal Church South of soul in which those gatherings left has frontier conference since 1874, them. working in seven frontier states. 9.

These brethren of the English The Southern Presbyterian Church Church have set the example, and it (1874), working in two states. 10. The is worthy of imitation. A whole-day Reformed Presbyterian Mission (1880), missionary prayer-meeting, in which also working in two states. 11. The we pray not so much for missions and Southern Baptist Church (1881), work- missionaries as for the missionary i.ng in four states. 12. The" Ameri- spirit-the consecration and spiritual can Board" (1882) mission in Chihua- uplifting that fits for the work. hua. 13. The same society's mission in J alisco (1872), abandoned 1880 and This subject, we may be allowed to re-establishedin 1882. 14. The Friends say in passing, is one of wide inter- (1886), with work in Central Mexico. est. The standard Romish versions 15. The Cumberland Presbyterian of the Scriptures in Spanish are two mission (1886), operating in Aguas -Scio's and Amat's-both from the Calientes. 16. The "American Board" Vulgate. The Protestant text is (1886), at Sonora. 17. The "Church mainly that of Valera. At present of Jesus," a small independent body, this is the text followed by the Amerso called, still under Bishop Riley, ican and the British Bible Societies and which has refused to be received for· Spanish America, though the' by the Protestant Episcopal Church. American Bible Society has issued por- 18. An independent English mission, tions we believe of other translations. under charge of James Pascor, a con- Valera's style is that of the sixteenth verted miner, who works among the century, and as various attempts Indians of the State of lfexico. De- have been made to modernize it the nominationally, perhaps, he is a sort result is, several, at least seven, differof "Plymouth" brother. This com- ent texts are in print with sufficient pany represented twelve different variation to create great confusion in churches or denominations, carrying their use; while Valera's text itself on work in every state of the Mexican was defective, and its style is, of Republic except Campeche and Chia- course, archaic and mystical. pas. Dr. Patterson of the Methodist The opening service (Jan. 31) was Episcopal Church South presented addressed by Rev. Dr. Green, who the subject of territorial division of preached to about five hundred per- the country between the different sons in the Presbyterian church. The denominations, and after a warm formal opening of the Assembly in discussion a resolution was presented the fine audience room of the Trinity to the effect that in all towns of over Methodist Episcopal church was on 15,000 inhabitants more than one Feb. 1, the representatives sitting by church might establish missions, but delegation, and after an hour of in towns of less population only one prayer was organized by appointing society should enter; and if two or a Spanish and an English secretary. more societies are now opel'ating in Dr. S. P. Craver (Methodist Episco- such towns the field should be a!Janpal) read an essay on the attitude they doned by all except the society which should assume toward the Roman first began work in that place. The Catholic church, and then the ques- entire subject was referred to a comtion of Bible translation was pre- mittee, consisting of one from each sented, Rev. H. P. Hamilton (A. B. S.) denomination present. speaking of the need of revising the Spanish version of the Bible, and also Among the topics treated were of translating the Scriptures into the "Self – Support" and "Gambling." vernacular of the native Mexican peo- During the discussion of "Education ple. Rev. H. B. Pratt of Virginia, an of the Ministry," Rev. P. Rodrigues eminent Spanish scholar, who was of the Protestant Episcopal Church sent specially by the American Bible advocated the establishment of one Society to attend this Assembly, ad- preparatory school for all Mexico. vocated the revision of the Spanish translation, and pressed its impor- The Assembly sent its congratulatance among sixty millions of J?eople tions to the President of the Repubspeaking the Spanish tongue. The lic. Amongtbe distinguished visitors whole subject was referred to a com- to the Assembly were Bishop Harmittee of one from each denomina- grave and Dr. Morton (M. E. Church tion represented. South), Bishop Thos. M. Bowman, Dr. Wm. Butler, founder of M. E. Church missions in India and Mexico, and Dr. J. M. Reid, senior secretary of the foreign missionaries are chilof the M. E. Missionary Society. dren of ministers.

The statistics of the several mis- The Situation and the Outlook in Ohina. siot;!s were carefully prep~red by Rev. John W. Butler of the City of Mexico, BY REV. C. A. STANLEY, TIENTSIN, as follows: Number of centers of CHINA.

operation, lil6; of congregations, 393 ; LOOK at the map of China and take ordained foreign missionaries, 48; in the size of the country. It ex- tends over about 20 degrees of latiassistant foreign missionaries, 44; tude and 24 degrees of longitude. It foreign lady teachers, 43. Total for- contains 2,000,000 square miles of eign workers, 125; ordained native territory and has a coast line from preachers, 88; unordained, 65; na- southwest to northeast of over 2,000 tive teachers, 96; other native help- miles. Its dense population is variers, 49. Total native workers, 300 ; ously estimated at from 250,000,000 total of foreign and native work- to 400,000,000-we will say about ers, 4550. Organized churches, 177; 300,000,000. It is an old nation. It church members, 12,444; probable possesses an extensive literature, one adherents, 30,000; theological schools, book of poetry comprising 900 vol- 10 ; scholars in same, 66; boarding umes. Its culture and civilization schools and orphanages, 15; scholars are hoary with age, and are well in same, 687; of these 109 are sup- worth our study. They are practiported by indigenous resources. Com- cally what they were centuries ago. mon schools, 71; scholars in same, Her laws are spoken of as " copious, 2,187. Total unde1' instruction, 2,516. consistent, free from intricacy, big- :sunday-schools, 199; teachers and otry and fiction," and as little infeofficers, 367; scholars, 4,817. Total rior to the codes of Europe. The membership of Sunday-schools, 5,256. "Ritual of Chau," B. C. 1130, formed Publishing houses, 8; papers issued, the type of construction for the" Six 10; most of these are issued monthly, Boards" of the present government. two semi-monthly and oue weekly. Total pages of religious literature To understand the situation we issued from the beginning, 49,471,295. must look at the past. Note the ex- Number of church buildings, 73; ceptional opportunity the Chinese approximate value of same, $333,400 ; people had throughout centuries to number of parsonages, 39; value of develop their individuality in peculiar same, $93,260; educational buildings, circumstances, in their own way, and 16; value, $147,200; value of press amid the best conditions. (1) They property, $39,500. Total value of were to no perceptible extent affectmission property, $594,260. Of the ed by foreign influence or intervenchapels and churches sixteen were tion. They have been a nation apart, built without aid from home boards, separdte, as few nations have been, and nineteen received only partial and that while time grew hoary. aid, which is encouraging and indi- This will become apparent if we concates a disposition to aim for "self- sider that (a) as a nation China is support." Bro. Butler notes also in isolated geographically. On the his correspondence that the Mexican south and east it is guarded by the church can make sacrifices for Christ's ocean. On the north it is separated cause. She has already added fifty- from the Mongolian plateau by high nine to the-" noble army of,mar- and precipitous ranges of mountains, tyrs." He remarks also that two reinforced by the great wall, which native preachers are sons of former stretches its serpentine length of workers, three foreign missionaries 1,500 miles across its northern borare children of missionaries, and nine der. The western frontier is correspondingly hemmed in by moun- religious system so much as a moral tains, thus making its geographical philosophy, although it contains position unique. But (b) China is many religious elements. Not only isolated by its language. This has no its moral tone but its distinct moral affinity with or similarity to any utterances surpass in my opinion the other of the Oriental tongues. It has teachings of any other non-Christian no alphabet. It is monosylabic. It nation. And although terrible wick- has not grown away from its original edness and corruption prevail the simplicity of structure. The speech moral sense of the nation and the of to-day is essentially the speech of laws are wholly on the side of virtue, three thousand years ago. The char- truth and honesty, and can always acters remain as they were construct- be appealed to with the certainty of ed at the first. The idiom is the same. a response. The teachings of Con- As they thought then so they think fucius have molded and govern the now, and so they speak. Moreover social and family relations, and the (c) the surrounding nations were small principle of filial reverence, exagger- in extent, weak in power and defi- ated by him into the real worship of cient in attainments, and sought the ancestors, has thereby perhaps kept Chinese as guides and instructors. woman from the degree of degrada- Their literature, culture and civiliza- tion which prevails in most other tion were derived from China. Its heathen lands.

sacred books became their sacred Here I would call attention to four books in many cases. Hence there points of politieal significance in the was little fear of invasion. Possessed growth of the country, and which of extensive territory, there was owe their existence, I think, to the equally little occasion for aggressive Confucian teachings.

warfare beyond natural limitations. 1. China has mu.intained demo- It was therefore left free relatively to cratic ideas under a purely despotic develop its own institutions, and es- theory of government. The entire pecially its literature, according to local village and clan administration its own genius and after its own is essentially democratic. Patient un- model. der oppre~sion, this spirit is manifest But these conditions alone could when the people rise in a b6dy against not have developed such a national oppressh'e rulers and exacting offi- life, such a continuity and uniformi~ cials, and assert theiL' rights and se- ty of endurance, language, custom cure them temporarily. In such up- and habit. We must seek other rising's the people are helped by the causes for these wonderful results. teachings of the sage, and conversely They are very largely found (2) in the a beneficent ruler is equally strength- moral and social teachings of the an- ened by an appeal to those precepts.

cient sages and rulers during the in- 2. The rights of the subject have fancy and simplicity of the race, and been respected by giving them the reimpressed by Confucius more than protection of law. It may seem to twenty centuries ago. Confucius' ~s cruel and arbitrary and be badly claimed that he was not an origina- administered, but it is settled and tor. He reverenced the sages of the largely.known among the people.

past. He strove to revive a love for That subjects have certain rights is them and lead the nu.tion back to the acknowledged.

observance of their teachings. In 3. The sovereign is held amenable doing this he dwelt upon seemingly to a higher power for continued swav.

trivial matters of observance. But Any extensive calamity is consider;d .

he knew his people, u.s is evident to be in consequence of misrule or from the influence his teachings ex- , maladministration of law and calls ert to 'day. Confucianism is not a for humiliation, confession and repentance on the part of the emperor " opium war" began. This issued in and his subordinates. We not infre- a treaty which opened the five ports quently see calls to righteousness in of Canton, Amoy, Foochow, Ningpo the way of edicts from the throne and and Shanghai to foreign residence. witness the humble presentation of These were occupied as speedily as petitions at the temples by those possible by the missionaries who had highest in authority, including the been waiting long on the borders. emperor. In 1843 active operations were begun within the empire. Later treaties 4. The domination of feudal, hered- opened other ports. In 1858 came itary and priestly classes has been the second war with Great Britain, prevented by making elevation to when the allied forces of England _ and promotion in office depend on lit- and France bombarded the Takoo erary examinations. Here is an old- forts at the mouth of the Pei Ho, protime civil service of merit. Although ceeded to Tientsin and secured the it has been and is abused, yet proba- promise of further concessions. On bly much more than half the officials the departure of the invading force hold their positions regularly. the forts were restored and strength- ened, the promises were disregarded Two facts of a religious nature, and little came of it all until the fall which though negative have yet ex- of 1860 when the allies again proceederted an unquestioned influence in ed north, marched on Peking, dethe formation of the national charac- stroyed the" Summer Palace," and ter, should be mentioned in passing. secured the opening of other coast 1. So far as I can learn, human beings and river ports. Since then the have never been offered in sacrifice whole country has been practically for sin. 2. Vice and sensuality have open to travel with a passport, and never been deified. The way of the we can go anywhere at little risk, if sinner has not been made easier by careful, preaching and distributing causmg it to pass through a temple Christian books. Residence is grantand giving it the sanction of religion. ed by treaty only at the "treaty The natural result of all this was ports," but missionaries have generpride, conceit,. arrogance, in view of ally been able to secure residence at China's own attainments in compari- interior places by rental or purchase. son with the surrounding countries, Honan is the only province we have to whom "The Middle Kingdom" been unable to enter for residence. had given much while it had receiv- ed little in return. They and all Viewing the work by decades the " outside" peoples became despised growth has been as follows: In 1853 in the eyes of Chinese. Such in brief there were 350 enrolled church mem- '»as the people and such the situation bers. In 1863 there were 2,000. In when the gospel was first borne to 1873 there were 8,000. In 1883 there them. were 22,000. And now there are not less than 30,000 Christians scattered The first missionary, Rev. Robert among the towns and villages of the Morrison, reached Canton in 1807. eighteen provinces; for all that I He could only study the language have said refers to these alone and and do preliminary work. There was not to the dependencies. Not less no opportunity to reach the people. than 14,000. children are taught in the The missionaries sent out had to la- different mission schools. There are bor entirely among the Chinese of eighteen hospitals in which 150,000 the "Straits Settlements." Morri- patients receive treatment annually. son died in 1834. The outlook then was "nearly as dark as when he Look at the work in a smaller field landed." Only three Christians could be found in Canton in 1835. In 1841 and for a fewer number of years- the troubles which resulted in the the North China field. Rev. H. Blodget reached Tientsin on Nov. 8, 1860, nifica.nt utterance. Further, censors going north in one of the transport have memorialized the throne, recomships of the allied fleet. His mission, mending that western studies be the A. B. C. F. M., now occupies six placed on the list with their own stations and is opening another. classics for the examination of those Five, or, including Shansi, seven seeking degrees and promotion. This other societies, have since entered seems to be receiving favorable con- this northern field. There are now sideration. enrolled over 30,000 Christians in less than twenty-seven years of labor. It Such, briefly and very imperfectly, is estimated by careful observers that is the situation to-day. The whole in' addition to the more than 30,000 country is open and full of opportuni- Christians in the empire there are ties to do effectiYe work for the Mas- not less than 50,000 to 70,000 who ter. Not that there are no difficulhave lost all faith in other systems ties, no opposition, no hindrances and of religion, if indeed they have not occasional local and temporary inter- abandoned them. But this is not all. ference and stoppage of the work, as The prejudice of exclusiveness, pride, everywhere, but these do not alter bigotry, contempt for all outside of the great fact. The outlook is indi- China, and conceit of themselves, cated in the array of facts above given have gradually given way and sus- -churches, hospitals, schools, 30,000 picion has been overcome as the Christians and double that number years have passed. Steam has been of "adherents" scattered throughout introduced on the water and on the the land; prejudice and suspicion land, and its power is felt deep down largely disarmed; hundreds seeking in the mine. The telegraph and the western knowledge and science; the telephone arethere. Schoolsfor teach- government not hostile. Surely there ing the knowledge of western lands is no cause for anything but encour- and the English language and fitting agement. Great enlargement seems young men for official positions have not far distant. been established by the government. There is an increasing demand for Death of Rev. George Bowen.- western knowledge and science. It is becoming apparent to all that the The cable has brought the news of work of missions must be enlarged so the death of Rev. George Bowen at as to include a complete education in Bombay Feb. 5, 1888. Some time such western knowledge as is adapt- last fall he met with an accident in ed to the needs of a rapidly develop- alighting from a tramcar. We do ing country. The demand for this not know any of the particulars of knowledge is increasing, and if facil- his death. He was born in the ities for acquiring it are not furnished United States in 1816. He went to by the church which are thoroughly India as a missionary of the Ameri- Christian it will flow in skeptical can Board of Foreign Missions Jan- channels, and much of our work be uary, 1848. The following year he lost or have to be done over again. resigned his salary, but his relation Then, too, there is the edict issued to the society continued until 1855. from the throne early in the year and For seventeen years following he. ordered to be published all over the was not connected with any mission- empire. It speaks of the missiona- ary society. In 1872 he joined the ries as "guests," and directs that Methodist Episcopal Church in Bom- they shall not be interfered with in bay, and in 1873 the missionary . their labors since they have come to staff of that church. From 1854 to teach morals. However little it may the time of his death he was editor accomplish at once, it is a very sig- of The Bombay Guardian, one of the most vigorous and best-balanced Christian weeklies of the foreign mission field. Among the produc- manners. He subsequently abantions of his pen are a "Life of Mo- doned this course, being convinced hammed," "Discussions by the Sea- that it did not im,rease his influence side," "Abiding 1'Iliracles of Proph- or usefulness among the natives. ecy," "Friendly Words to Roman- Yet there is something thrilling in ists," "The Religion that Man the example and the honest experi- Needs," "Did Christ Rise Again?" ment made by a cultured Christian "Some Friendly, Words," "Friendly gentleman who had traveled in Words to Educated Natives," "Paul Europe and knew French, German, the Christian's Pattern," "Is Infant Spanish, Italian and other European Baptism Unwarranted?" But those languages, besides some Oriental by which he is most known and tongues, as Hindustani and Marathi. through which many thousands He was later secretary of the Religlearned to love him though they ious Tract Society, residing at their never otherwise knew him are" Daily depot and managing their affairs Meditations," "The Amens of without fee in addition to all other of Christ," and" Love Revealed." his duties. He was a cheerful, self- sacrificing, devoted missionary and a The preface to "Daily Meditations," loving and lovable friend. " There written by the Rev. Mr. Hanna, gives was a man sent from God, and his a brief sketch of the author of the vol- name was"-George Bowen. ume. In early life he became quite a skeptic concerning the Scriptures The London Oommittee's Appeal. from reading a chapter in Gibbon's history. For eleven dreary years he The Oommittee of Oonference, to the FJuropean, wandered in the darkness of infidelity. American, and Native M'1,8sionaries of all A Bible bequeathed to him with a P"oleslant Ohurches lalxffing for the Salvadying request that he would read it tion of the Heathen in all parts qf the HalJ. was faithfully perused, but he never itable World. doubted for a moment that his views concerning it were correct. He was BELOVED BRETHREN: We, your fellow-laboraccustomed to get books from a pub- ers aud .. companions in the kingdom aud palic library, and on one occasion asked tience of Jesus Christ," salute you heartily iu for a volume and when nearly two the words of the apostolic beuediction, " Grace miles away to his surprise he found and peace be multiplied unto you, through the he had" Paley's Evidences" instead knowledge of God and of Jesus our Lord." of the book he had called for. He could not go back, but he would not We greatly rejoice with you in the blessings read the book. Before putting it which have accompanied your labors and those away he glanced at the first sentence; of your predecessors dnring the past hundred he read one page, another and an- years of modern missiouary effort, whereby other, and was pleased with the about three millions ,from amoug the heathen style. Halfway through the vol- are at this honr fouud gathered into the fellowume he offered the prayer, "Help ship of the church below, while at the same thou my unbelief." When he reached time large tribes of our fellow-men, who were the last sentence his dOlJbts were all sunk in the grossest barbarism and snperstition, gone. have been socially elevated, and have derived manifold secondary benefits from the preaching As a missionary Mr. Bowen was of the gospel of.Christ. true to his convictions wherever they might lead. He made a fair experi- We rejoice also over the many millions more ment of increasing his influence by who have passed within the veil, after testifying becoming self-supporting. He earned by their consistent lives and peacefnl deaths to $15 a month, and for many years the regenerating and consoling influences of the lived in the native bazaar, adapting grace of God-many of them having been faithnative dress, we believe, and food and ful witnesses of Jesus Christ, not only by taking joyfully the spoiling of their goods, but by en- dnring manifold tribulations in the flesh, and suffering even unto death for His Name's sake.

But while we are unceasingly grateful to God for the great things accomplished in the past by the inadequate means employed, we lament over the feebleness of the efforts put forth by the churches of Christ, and we mourn over the great and increasing mass of heathenism which still

MONTHLY CONCERT OF MISSIONS

confronts the church in this nineteenth century of one mind; doing nothing through faction or of the Christian era. It is one great object of through vain glory, bnt in lowliness of mind, the Conference to be assembled in June to look each counting other better than himself." this appalling fact fully in the face, and byapplying the lessons taught by the past to the con- Pray that, under God, the Conference may be ditions of the present, to awaken the church of the means ofintroducing a new era in missionary Christ, by every possible effort, to a due sense of enterprise. That it may hasten the day when the obligation under which she lies to the perish- " the earth shall be full of the knowledge of the ing heathen and to her Divine Head and Lord. Lord," and when "the glory of the Lord shall be revealed and all flesh shall see it together." Our great object in now addressing you is to ask you to unite with your brethren of other de- We do not fix hours nor prescribe snbjects nominations, if such there be in your neighbor~ for prayer. The one special gift which includes hood, or in solitary stations with your converts, ail " good things" is the gift of the Holy Spirit, in earnest and united prayer for a Pentecostal whose presence we seek in all the plenitude of blessing on the Conference, on Sunday, the third his grace and power. of June, to Tuesday, the 19th of the same, >eing the week before and the ten days during which Let us, dear brethren, encourage one another the Conference will be in session. in the thought that unnumbered brethren throughout the whole world are uniting in the Pray that the presence of God, the Father, same prayer. We have good reason to hope Son, and Spirit, may be in our assemblies, and that this will be the most universal cry that has that gracious manifestations of his power may ever gone up from this sinful world into the ear be displayed in the midst of his people gathered of" the Lord of Sabaoth." Through the promfrom all parts of Christian and heathen lands. ised help of the missiouary societies this re- That the spirit of union and peace and love may quest will he sent ont into all lauds, wherever reign in and among us, and that all our deliber- the feet of the messengers of the gospel of peace ations may be "in the Spirit." Pray for the have trod, and will be read in the languages of single eye and the undivided heart, for strong almost all the natious upon earth. faith and ardent zeal, and for that "wisdom from above," which is "first pure, then peace- But most of all would we strengthen our muable, gentle and easy to be intreated, without tual faith, by the promise of the Father, as partiality, and withont hypocrisy;" and that learned from the lips of his only begotten Son : in all our assemblies we may "be of the same " If ye then being evil know how to give good mind, having the same love, being of one accord, gifts unto your children, how much more will your heavenly Father give the Holy Spirit to them that ask him."

V.-MONTHLY CONCERT OF MISSIONS.

MISSIONS IN INDIA. missionaries either to Africa or St. BARTHOLOMEW ZIEGENBALG, found- Thomas. After some hesitation he er of missions in India, was born on yielded, but on reaching Copenha- St. John's day, 1683, a little over two gen he found that Tranquebar was hundred years ago. His mother their destination. The vessel which called her four children to her dying bore them bore also secret instrucbed and: committed to them a" treas- tions to the governor of Tranquebar ure" she had laid by for them: "Seek to oppose and crush the mission. it in the Bible, my children; there Through the long voyage of nearly you will find it; there is not a page eight months the ship became a uni- I have not wet with my own tears." versity of Christ, where they were Ziegenbalg learned of Fmncke at learning daily new lessons in holy Halle, that men who heard were living, both from nature and the bound to spread the good news, and Divine Word. that he ought at once to begin. So when a tutor at Merseburg he or- Ziegenbalg's heart was greatly ganized prayer-meetings,Bible classes stirred at the sight of the heathen and Bible readings, and became the whom he saw on the Coromandel center of godly influence. coast, as he entered the harbor of While preaching neal' Berlin he Tl'anquebar July 9, 1706. But the received a letter proposing, in behalf captain of the ship gave them no aid of the king, that he and Pliitschau, even in landing, and when they did .his old fellow-student, should go as land the governor did eveL"ything he dared to drive them back. The first Protestant missionaries that ever Obstacles such as confronted Zieg- stood on the soil of India found them- enbalg have been met by few even of selves literally without a place to lay the most heroic missionaries. The their head-destitute, abandoned, and governor was the implacable foe of alone. We talk of "India for the mission, faithful to his secret Christ;" but there had to be some- instructions. Meanwhile there was thing deeper than a sentimental en- a fire in the rear, for at home thusiasm in those two pioneers who both friends and funds were scarce.

stood under the midnight skies, Liitkens, the chaplain, died, with his homeless, strangers to the language last words breathing a blessing on the and peoples of India, facing the most mission. Ziegenbalg went home, told subtle and seductive of false faiths, his story to the king, sped through the most gross and sensual forms of Germany and Holland like a flaming idolatrous worship, and that mon- e'angelist, and returned to India to strous caste, which is the most sa- find the hostile governor displaced by tanic system of organized opposition a friend of missions. Two years more to human brotherhood and Christian of hard labor, and on New Year's progress ever yet devised-a radical day, 1719, his voice was heard for the denial of all fellowship based either last time, and Feb. 23, 1719, not Jet in nature or in grace, deifying hu- 36 years old, he died of cholera. His man selfishness and sanctioning its last exclamation was, "How is it so own exclusiveness by penalties more bright! It is as though the midday terrible than death. sun shone full in my face!" The Zeigenbalg and Pliitschau found eternal glory had already broken up- temporary shelter through the mere on his dim dying vision and dazzled pity of one of the governor's suite, him. While they sang "Jesus, meine and then in a house upon the wall Zuversicht," he fell asleep.

close by the heathen quarters. Six To that man, so brave, wise, calm, days after they landed Ziegenbalg is resolute, of such commanding pres- studying Tamil, though he has no ence and such winning piety, mis- lexicon, grammar, or even alphabet sions in India owe their true begin- to guide him; and yet within eight ning. He planted there that germ months he is talking Tamil intelligi- whose growth is yet to cover with bly! Three ,years Jater it was as a healing shadow and fruitful bour-hs vernacular to him, and then he pre- all India. Yet when he died all the pared a grammar and lexicons con- visible or tangible results were a few taining40,OOO words. He had scarcely hundred converts and the translation been two years in India when his of the Bible into Tamil.

translation of the New Testament Count Zinzendorf is another link in was begun, and within three years it the chain of Indian Missions. He was finished and he began the Old came under the contagious influence Testament, himself not yet twenty- of Francke, at Halle, when a lad of seven years old! ten years, and at fifteen founded the From Madras to Cape Comorin "Order of the Seed Corn," whose this young German had already be- pledge and symbol was the conver- come a mighty power. In Tamil he sion of the heathen. Ziegenbalg on proclaimed the wonderful works of his short stay at home had been the God, and in the broken Portuguese guest of Zinzendorf, and the count of the half-breeds all along the coast, had felt the fire within him burn which was the relic and remnant of with new fervor as he came into con- ancient Portuguese possession, he ad- tact with the ardent glow of Ziegen- dressed the slaves at Tranquebar and balg's evangelism. The Moravian gathered five of them into the church exiles who founded on Zinzendorf's a!) first-fruits of India unto Christ. estate the site of Hernnhut became the great missionary leaders of the tions and conflicting armies. On he Lord's host, and still continue in the went, until he died at 72, in Tanjore, van of missions. A procession of preaching, gathering converts, or- missionaries more than 2,000 strong ganizing churches, opening new sta- moved out from that little communi- tions, training native workers, shel- , ty that never numbered over 70,000 tering orphans, doing every good in all. The Moravians kept the mis- work that can accompany good sion fires burning on the continent, words. When Hyder Ali invaded the and many a heroic life got its inspira- Carnatic and Tanjore was in a state tion unconsciously from those vestal of starvation, Schwartz induced the altars. farmers to bring in their cattle, pledg- Almost while Ziegenbalg was dy- ing his word alone for their payment.

ing, Christian Frederick Schwartz After his death the Rajah of Tanjore was preparing to take up the apos- and the East India Company each tolic succession. He was born Oct. erected to his memory costly monu- '

8,1726, dedicated from birth by his ments.

dying mother to God's service in the Henry Martyn is the next promi- ministry. He likewise got his train- nent link in this fascinating history.

ing in Francke's Orphan House at From his birth in Truro in 1781 to his Halle. There he met Schulze, come death in Tokat in 1&12, only thirty- home from India to superintend one years old, his story bas a thril- the printing of the Tamil Bible. ling missionary interest. When a Schwartz caught fire from this bless- young man of 21 his father's death ed contact and told his father that he turned his thoughts to a holy life and must go to India, and, in that very the mission field, and in 1805 he sailed bedchamber where the wife and for India. For years he traveled in motiler died, the husband and father India and Persia and preached the learned to give up his boy to the gospel, studying the native tong-ues heathen and to God, with'such success that he was chosen Schwartz studied Tamil with the to superintend the translations of the missionary and was able to preach in New Testament into Hindostanee it within four months after his land- and Persian, and had already made ing in 1750. Schwartz is probably no little progress in an Arabic ver- the most prominent figure in the In- sion when his frail health gave way, dian Missions of the eighteenth centu- and on his way home he was laid to ry. He went often on foot, tirelessly rest in Asia Minor. His career was journeying and tirelessly preaching. short, but it cannot be measured by Himself a living epistle, he made years. Close by the river at Seram- preaching almost unnecessary by the pore, a small deserted idol fane was eloquence of his life. He won uni- fitted up as a bungalow, and there on versal confidence. The Rajah of the open platform overhanging the Tanjore made him on his deathbed river Martyn would kneel in prayer guardian of his adopted child. Hy- for India's millions. That spot has der Ali, the stern warrior, the ruthless become to Christians one of the chieftain, the scourge of the Car- world's Meccas. The ceaseless labors natic, said to the Madras rulers, of that devoted man, who at Dina- "Send me Schwartz, the missionary; pore and Cawnpore welcomed the him only can I trust." The humble most abject vagrants to his garden man who walked with God while he and bore ridicule and abuse without talked of God, and whose talk was so a murmur of impatience or even a subduing because his walk was so sign of annoyance, that he might sublime, was at once the minister of read to them the sweet words of God, and the minister plenipotentiary God, have never been lost to India to lllediate betweell contending fac- or to the church at home. Thebrokell ;flask has only let out a pervasive dorf, Schwartz and Carey, Martyn perfume. Dr. Stevenson has well and Duff•. are destined by God to tri- said that in the annals of Christian- umph? ity there is "nothing grander than the picture of Henry Martyn, with MISSIONARY TEXTS AND THEMES. the Bible in hand, alone and un- supported in a strange country, chal- Preach, i.e., proclaim the word. lenging the whole strength of Mo- The gospel should be preached and hammedanism to a conflict." The in as nearly as may be the words of memoir of that sublimely conse- Scripture. crated life has perhaps stirred to a , like devotion more disciples than his 1. Because these are God's words. life itself would ever have reached. 2. Because his message is the only thing we are commanded and com- At but one more link in this chain missioned to preach. have we space to tarry. William 3. Because it is the only thing that Carey was the first great gift which it is profitable to preach. England gave to missions in India 01' 4. Because the Spirit is most likely indeed to the world in these modern to use his own inspired utterances as times. The full century has not to the vehicle of his power. passed since, in 1792, Carey organized 5. Because as a fact conversion and that first Baptist missionary band !)anctification and all comfort are which may fairly be called the pio- traceable to the very words of Scrip- neer of all the existing societies. ture. When William Carey died, in 1834, 6. Because not our words but his India had become the established word has the promise of not return- field of missions. The broad founda- ing to him void. Is. .lv. tions were laid on ¥i hich such men as Rev. Dr. H. B. Smith's outline ar- Alexander Duff were to rear a struc- gument: ture so grand that no civil revolution 1. The spirit of missions is th~ or political convulsion can ever over- spirit of Christ, etc. Christianity is throw it. That pious shoemaker of a doctrine, teaching an incarnate Paulerspury became the uuremitting God, an atonement, a new birth, and student of the languages of the Ori- a new life; teaching and exemplify- ent, and with his colaborers, Marsh- ing a love that is universal and im- man and Ward, he was the means of partial and manifested mainly in un- making forty different dialects of selfish effort for souls. Asia channels for conveying the .2. Christianity is solitary in this: news of salvation to as many differ- teaching one blood for one race of ent tribes. At Serampore he estab- man, and one blood of redemption lished that large successful mission- applied to one blood of creation and arypost of his denomination, taught, one curse of sin. in the college at Fort William, the 3. The Experimental argument: Bengalee, Sanskrit and Mahratta Christian Europe and America, as tongues, and made valuable contri- fruits of missions, vindicate the meth- butions to the natural sciences. Three ods of missions. He who would not • years before Carey's death Alexander send the gospel to heathen peoples Duff met him at Serampore and the must first ask himself, What would aged apostle of India gave his bless- I have been but for missions? The ing to the young Highlander who purpose of missionary enterprise is to was to thrill not only India but the do for present heathen what has been world with the electric energy of his done for the present Christian nations utterance. Who can doubt that J:Uis- when they were in the same condi- sions which present such a chain of tion. workmen as Ziegenbalg and Zinzen- Itis admitted that sometimes there is slow progress. All great und per- manent results are slowly wrought. Espeeially, changes ~f intellectual, receive the grace of God's Son the sociaJ and moral life are necessarily chains are struck off and the prison slow. Moreover, in many cases it is thrown wide open.-Dr. Edward must be borne in mind that the work Judson.

is preparatory, like the breakwater on A Beautiful Legend.-In the hill the coast, or foundations of Eddystone country of India is a touching myth lighthouse. of a queen, greatly beloved by her 4. Historical argument: Where the people, whose life was devoted to spirit of missions is found, there is their interests. – In olden times the the Spirit of Christ-i. e., Holy Ghost. people of Chambra suffered grievous And wherever a church or a disciple distl'ess for want of water. The is indifferent to missions, there the queen, taking the sorrow of her sub- flame of a renewed life is with great· jects greatly to heart, consulted the est difficulty maintained at all, if in- will of the gods how the constant deed any really exists. curse of drought could be removed.

SUGGESTIVE PARAGRAPHS. The reply, "If the ruler of Chambra lVho his Own Self Bare our Sins.- – die for her people, abundant water Some time ago a war raged in India shall begiven." "Here am I," respond.

between the English and a native ~d the generous queen. Bravely monarch named Tippoo Sahib. On standing on the lofty position des- one occasion several English officers ignated by the gods, the devoted were taken prisoners, among them woman was buried alive for the sake one named Baird. One day a native of her people. Thereupon a fountain officer brought in fetters to be put on of pure sweet water flowed from the each of the prisoners, the wounded spot, descending to quench the thirst not excepted. Baird had been se- of the people of Chambra, visiting verely wounded and was suffering each hut and bearing to each its life- from pain and weakness. A gray- giving blessing. We by whose haired officer said to the native offi- homes the pure waters of salvation cial: are constantly flowing need hardly " You do not think of putting be reminded that they gush from a chains upon that wounded young grave, and mingling with the music man?" of those sparkling waters comes the "There are just as many pairs of echo of worqs spoken, commission fetters as there are captives," was the given, "Whoever shall do and teach answer, "and every pair must be my commandments Rhall be called worn." great in the kingdom of heaven."

"Then," said the officer, "put two Stimulated by this promise, mission pairs on me. I will wear his as well work has ever been carried on.

as my own." There is an honor in contributing The end of the story is that Baird in however small a measure to the lived to regain his freedom, lived to spread of God's church in the world.

take that very city, but the generous When the walls of the House of friend died in prison. He wore two Commons were about to be orna- pairs of fetters. But what if he had mented with cartoons, Haydon, the worn the fetters for all in the prison? eccentric historical painter, besought What if, instead of being a captive Parliament that he might be one of himself, he had been free and great the favored artists, or if this might and had quitted a glorious palace to not be, that he might paint one live in their loathsome dungeon, to figure, or put on a few touches, or at wear their chains, to bear their the least mix the colors or hold the stripes, to suffer and die in their brushes for those who were per· stead that they might go fl'ee! Such mitted to do the work.

a thing has been don~. For all who

PROGRESS AND RESULTS OF MISSIONS-MONTHLY BULLETIN

V.-PROGRESS AND RESULTS OF MISSIONS- MONTHLY BULLETIN.

Africa. – Rev. George GreenfeIl, the world, take back with them to lately returned from the -Congo, re- their homes slaves of both flexes.

ports "Christianity spreading even This is the case at Constantinople, where missionaries had not labored. for though the traffic is prohibited by As he approached one town in which law, evasions are winked at. The no Baptist missionary had ever 1<1- trade is wholly in the hands of Mos- bored, he saw a band of native evan- lems, and the open market which gelists coming out of it to preach the makes the trade profitable is under gospel to their native brethren, and the shadow of the shrine of their that town, a few years years ago, was prophet.

sunk in heathenism." Ceylon.-The Church Missionary -The last Congo mail brought Society's baptized native Christians good news from all along the line in Ceylon are 6,378 (2,861 Singhalese from Lukolela, Nshasa, Stanley Pool, and 3,518 Tamils). The adult bap- Ngombe, SanSah'adorand Underhill. tisms last year were 126 Sin~ha­ "The brethren report good health lese and 81 Tamils, and there are 273 and much and manifest blessing." adult candidates for baptism, 142 -The Congo Free State embraces Singhalese and 31 Tamils. '['here over 1,000,000 square miles of the terri- are 6 Singhalese and 6 Tamil natory tributary to the Congo, having, tive clergy, 156 Singhalese and 187 it is supposed, a population of about Tamil native lay teachers, and 9,735 ~7,000,000. It thus occupies about scholars in the 192 schools, 5,841 be– one-tenth of Africa, and includes ing Singhalese and 3,952 Tamils.

about one-seventh of her estimated China.-Rev. J. L. Stewart of the population. Of course the sover- Southern Presbyterian Mission in eignty of King Leopold exists only China, in a review of the progress of ad extra, being felt as little in- the gospel in China, gives these spe- teriorily as the sovereignty of the cial points of encouragement; State of Nebraska ovm,·the swarming .. Books for the study of the English lan- towns of her prairie-dogs. But it is guage and on the Western science, written a great fact even thus, doubtless, to in Chinese, meet with an extensive and inbe the parent of greater facts. creasing demand. A dozen daily newspa- pers, all founded within fifteen years, are -The slave trade between Africa obtaining a wide circulation throughout and Arabia is far from being sup- the empire. These are spontaneous appeals pressed. According to L'A/rique on the part of the Leathen Chinese for more there is, on the borders of the Red light. Add to this the voluntary attendance Sea, a regular price current for slaves. on the hundreds of schools and chapels, Girls from 10 to 15 years of age bring wherever opened in the empire; their re- spectful attention to the preaching of the from $80 to $100; boys from 7 to 11, Word, to the quiet talks by the roadSide, in their places of business, and in their homes, $60 to $80; young women from 16 to and it sums up a mass of evidence that the 22, $50 to $79; young men from 15 • Chinese mind is in an attitude of attention to 26, $30 to $50. The slave caravans and inquiry. n rarely have men who are above 25 -The City of Naiyen, north of years of age. It has been a question Ningpo, SUbmerged about 1,000 years as to what became of these slaves ago, has recently been exposed to view after they entered Arabia. It is now and a nurnber of vases, plates and affirmed that Moslem pilgrims to other utensils of the Sough dynasty Mecca, coming from various parts of have been recovered by the natives. .. '" "' India. Of the 50.000,000 of that faith in India, 24,000,000 are in Bengal. el° From the most careful census reports ci … ever taken in ,India it appears that the followers of Islam increased dur- 0 g8§g~§§888g88888§g~ 0:", ing the nine years 1872-1882,2,145,472 or at the rate of 10.96 per cent., the ~~~~~&~§~~~~&~&~~~~ 'C ~otz5 whole population increasing at the :0 qq,qqrSqqqqqqqqqpSoo rate of 10.89 per cent. The actual gains of Mohammedans were 15,000; 1il>~o oj ca this shows how much faster they in- creased than the whole population. :010: ~ Q A careful thinker would not concede 0-0 all of this number to proselytism. A t-O~O~OCl1':lO'OlO':>t-CO:::>lQ~l.~eol.C i0ii small increase in the health and lon- ~1"""'1~~1'""4W<:,!….-I (N T"'<1"""1 gevity of the Mohammedans would IIl<~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ wipe out aLI the gains. But we would ::::::::::: .:. think that a church of twenty mill- "<X'"l0_ ions of members that only gathered : : : : : : : : : ; : ; : : z 1,666 members a year more than an- >" ;0:: other body, that made no converts and could make none, was not a model 0: of progress. The case grows darker 0 for Mohammedan success when we 0 remember that few have left Islam in Bengal, although several are far from ''""0: being as orthodox as of yore.-Indian oJ ::::::::::: : : ;.~ Witness. z ~J) :!l~ ~ ~ 3 d ~ d ~( : :….: ~ : :~ ~;:; ~.~ :. : 0 Japan.-Eighty-five thousand Eng- 0 ==bn~.§.~:..~cg '~~? Ec!·.~~..;~~~~~'£f-=:9:';!0]'r~C,i ='~f'9C;1l §c~6.-~!§ =co'!~)~~ 6gC ~Z0 lish and 119,000 American books were 0: imported last year, an increase of nearly 100 per cent. A lamentably Po. large fraction of this importation consists of skeptical anQ agnostic ~~o~wo~~~ww~w~~~~~~ writings.

India. – There are 42,000,000 chil- -The missionary fields in Japan demand more men and more money. dren in India who ought, according to There are now 200 churches with 15,000 members and 100 ordained their age, to be at school. Only about Japanese ministers. The Congrega- tional churches number 4,000 mem- 3,50G,000 of these are receiving any bers.

education, and less th[1n 200,000 of – The Japan newspapers report the ceremonies at the opening, Dec. this comparatively small number 15, of the last link of the railway connecting Sendai with Tokio. The are learning the truths of Christbn- line was opened from Tokio to Ko- riyama, 137 miles, in July last. The ity. Many adults (even in the Tamil- section just completed is 87 miles in length, and now Sendai, the most speaking districts, where mission northern station of our mIssion, is in quick and easy communieation with work has prevailed most extensively) the capital city of the empire.

who learned to read at school are for- getting the art because of the scarci- ty of books.

-The Church Missionary Society send out eight clergymen on a " win- ter inission" for India two by two, visiting all the stations of the society in India and Ceylon, stirring up the native churches to the work of evan- gelization, and preparations have been made on an extensive scale for wel- coming them and furthering their work. General Haigstates that "there are already Christians enough in In- dia, were they baptized with fire and endued with power ·from on high, to carry the gospel to every town a~tl village and hamlet from Comorin to Peshawur. In Southern India the native church ought to be able even now to take in hand and complete the work of evangelization with little European assistance."

-General Haig furnishes statistics concernmg Mohammedan progress in Italy.-Rev. T.D. Malan of Geneva tion was made for the poor heathen writes: The Genevan Italian Mission, founded in ] 882, has yielded good re- and sent to the treasurer of the sults from among the many thousands of Roman Catholicswho fiockinto that Auxiliary Bible SOCiety of Halifax, town from all parts of Italy and Italian Switzerland. The mission was and forwarded by that society. constituted into a church in 1884, and granted the use of a chapel by the Amount, £8 13s." This, says Dr. Bill, Genevan Presbytery, and much good has been attained, notwithstanding may be regarded as the commencemanifold difficulties. Owing to the fluctuating state of part of the Italian- ment of the foreign mission enterprise speaking population in Calvin's city, from 500 to 600 new hearers are every of the Baptists of the maritime provyear brought into contact with the gospel from the Roman Catholic inces.- W. J. Stewart. / Church. Thus far 114 of them have been received as members of the Russia.-In Russia there are 32,000 church. An important branch of the work is the Italian Young: Men's schools, having an average of 36 Christian Association, Circolo Diodati, so called in honor of the trans- scholars each. This is one school lator of the Italian Bible, Giovanni Diodati, who helonged to the Geneva for 2,300 inhabitants, at a cost of less Italian Church of the Reformation. than one cent a head of the popu- Korea. – The first Protestant church has been organized in connec- lation. In Austria, with 37,000,000 tion with the American Protestant llllSSlOn. Fifteen members are en- inhabitants, there are 29,000 schools rolled, and others are calling for baptism. Though contrary to Korean and 3,000,000 scholars. The average law, the government is reported as raising no question. It is but a score number at each school is 104, and the of years since the organization of a Christian church in Japan was not cost per inhabitant 20 cents. In Italy, only contrary to the law, but would have been visited with severe punish- for 28,000,000 inhabitants, there are ment, yet to-day there are more than 15,000 church members in thatempire. 47,000 schools, one school for every Mexico. – A convention of all 600 people, at a cost of 17 cents per Pl'otestant mission workers began in the City of Mexico Jan. 31 ult. Dele- head. In Spain there are 3,000,000 gates from all quarters, bishops from the United States were present. Ser- scholars, 29,000 schools, giving an mons were delivered in the ancient Franciscan convent, now used for average of 56 in each school, and one mission purposes. school for every 600 inhabitants, as Nova Scotia.-The Baptist Association of Nova Scotia met in the year in Italy. The school bill comes to 30 1814 with the church in Chester, N. S. Among the records of the association cents a head. The number of schools I find the following important statement for that year: "A contribu- given for England is 58,000, which is one for every 600 inhabitants, with an average attendance of 52 per school and a cost of 37 cents per head.

The Germans have a school for every 700, giving a total of 60,000 schools with a hundred pupils in each, at 40 cents per inhabitant. France has 71,000 schools, being one for every 500, with 66 in each school.

Turkey. – The Government and Mission Schools. Dr. Barnum, of Harpoot, India, writes to the Miss.

Herald that the Turkish Government, constrained by the remonstrances of the American and other ministers to respect its own laws in regard to mis- sionary schools in its territory, has now" determined to change the laws so that it may defeat the aims of the missionaries in a legal form. Mr.

Straus, the American minister, learn- ing that a new law for schools was under discussion at the Porte, claimed that as a large amount of American capital is invested in educa.tional in-

STATISTICS OF THE WORLD'S MISSIONS

stitutions in the Turkish Empire, in the Sultan himself. [Such a document is not easily obtained.] 'fairness the American minister ought .. 2. No Ottoman subject shall be allowed to be consulted in regard to it, in or- to attend such a Ecbool until after he has had a course of religious instruction in one der that these interests might be of his own schools.

properly protected." He was fur- ··3. Foreign schools are to refrain entirely from religious instruction. nished with a copy of the proposed "4. That all foreiirn scboolsalreadyestablaw. It provides: ' lished which do not conform to this and to certain other conditions, and obtain the "1. Tbat no foreigner shall be allowed to Sultan's permission within six months, shall open a scbool without a special firman from be permanently suppressed."

VI.-STATISTICS OF THE WORLD'S MISSIONS.

Home and Foreign Missionary Statistics 1841-1885, Amer. Tract Soc. col's ….. 13,148,659 1866-1885, Amer. Bible Soc. col's …… 12,~91,460 of the United States. 1855-1£8.5, Presb. Board of Pub. col's.. 2,879,586 [WE are under additional obligations to Rev. James H, Ross of South Total visits, representing 190 years .• 31,577,433 Norwalk, Conn.,' for these "latest statistics," which he has prepared Average number of visits per year.. 1C6,197 with great care and thoroughness, acknowledging his indebtedness to PRAYER-MEETINGS HELD. 520,C51 Dr. Dorchester.-EDs.] 70,7f8 1840-18E5, by missionarieS Bapt.HM. S. 439,247 The statistics of Home Missions cannot be tab- 1854-1885, by col's of Bapt. B'd of Pub.. ulated satisfactorily. But tbe results attainable 1841-1885, by col's ofAm. Tract Soc …. are not pe!simistic. They indicate advancement. The worst feature of them pertains to the pro Total by agents of three boards …… 1,030,086 rata giving as tested by the estimated wealth of ADDITIONS ON CONFESSION TO H. M. CHUROHES.

tbe Christian portion of the population of the 1826-1E85, A. H. 1I. S. churches.. . . . . . .. 326,862 United States. Mr. Moody has said that the 1870-1885, Presb. H. M. Board chs.. …. 115,804 next characteristic revival within the churches 1832-1885, Am. Bapt. Mis. Soc." …… 97,919 is to be a revival of beneficence. Total additions to churcbes of 3 boards. 540,085 The total number of missionaries and helpers in the care of Americau evangelical home mis- YEARS OF LABOR RENDERED. sionary societies in 1885 was 8,482, and the number of missions or stations served or aided was 1826-1885, by Am. H. M. S. missionaries. 38,811 13,367. In 53 years, by Baptist H. M. S. mission- BELIGiOUS VISI'rS BY MISSIONARIES AND COL~ PORTEURS. aries (incomplete) ………………. . 7,357 1840-1885, Bapt. H. M. S. missionaries. 2,367,151 1870-1885, by Pres. H. M. B. miseionaries, 13,951 1824-1885, Bapt. Pub. Soc. agts. or col's. 890,574 1850-1885, by Pres. Bd. of Pub. .. 1,329 In 45 years, by Baptist Bd. of Pub. mis- sionaries (incoroplete) …………… . 1,029 III 49 years, by Am. 'r. S"c. colporteurs. 5,550 Total by agents of 6 bds. in 296 years. 68,327 RECEIPTS OF HOME MISSIONARY SOCIETIES.

—————–S-OC-I-ET-IE-S.—————– 1881 to 1887. 1820 to 1887. Presbyterian Old School, North, and Presb. New School, North…..•….. $3,666,186 $13,334,850 A. H. 1I. S. (Cong'I) ……………………………………………. . 2.847,210 11,586,891 M. E., Domestic ……………………………………………….. . 2,505,848 11,164,539 Protestant Episcopal, Domestic ………………………………….. . 1,187,904 4,762,136 American Ch. Miss. Soc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . •. . . . . . … . …… . 133,158 1,103,945 Reformed (Dutch) Ch…………………………………………… . 217,143 963,642 Am. Bapt. H. M. Soc……………………………………………. . 2,256,6.56 6,556,142 Seamen'S Friend Soc……………………..•…………………….. 378,234 2,020,535 A. 1I. A. (Cong'I) 1816…………………..•………………………. 3,257,567 9.302,665 Wn~~~e~~~:,~~O~i~~~~n::::::::::::::::::::::::: ::::::::::::::::::::::::: 630,616 1,626,616 494.225 1,598,521 Southern Bapt., Domestic…………….. "……………………….. . 455.399 1,601,256 Y.M. C. A. (1851-1887) …………………………………………. . 7,&'iO,OOO 22,165,000 Disciples………………………………………………………. . 410,500 l,372.70'Z United Presbyterian……………………………………………… . 296,890 Southern Presbyterian……………………..•…………… "……. . 853,352 495,788 1,076,149 Cumberland Presbyterian ……………………………………….. . 184,734 Free-Will Baptist………………………………………………. . 103,900 394,021 373,827 M. E. Church South ……………………………………………. . 1,001,495 4,061,495 Lutberans ………………….••………….•••…………••……… 221,905 747,835 Aggregates.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .• $28,655,258 $96,666,119 Contributions to the Freedmen's Aid Soci- and United Presbyterian churches, and to the eties of the Methodist Episcopal, Presbyterian Christian Commi"sion, increase the total for the last six years to $30,486,573, and for the last 67 by the American churches, exclusive of the years to $103,019,308. The contributions of the American McAII auxiliaries, chiefly of ladies, Reformed Presbyterian and German, the Mora- numbers 203 stations, 2,125 sub-stations, 1,273 Vian, and the Protestant, Free Wesleyan and Af- official laborers of all kinds and both sexes, rican M. E. churches are uot included because 115,542 communicants, 2,123 pupils in day and not available. boarding school8.

OOMPARATIVE RECEIPTS. AMERICAN EVANGELICAL MISSIONS IN ASIA.

Yearly average. The lands included are Western Asia (Asiatic 1820-1829.. … ……………. ……. $23,382 Turkey, Persia, Syria, and Asia Minor), India, 1830-1839…………………. …. … 234,271 ,Burmah, Siam, China, Thibet, Korea, and Japan. IB40-1849.. .. . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . 006,235 Tbe totals for aU denominations are 237 prinCipal 1850-1 Bfi9 …. " ……………. ,……. 1308,010 stations, 2,606 sub'stations, 533 ordained foreign 1860-1869 ………………………… 2,101,571 missionaries, 843 foreign lay helpers, 632 native 1870-1800, , ' , ….. , … , ' , … ' , , …….. 2,842,923 ordained helpers, 5,479 natiye lay belpers, 7,487 1881-1887…… , ' ………………. '… 4,000.000 laborers of all kinds, 120,890 communicants, 100,560 pupils in day and boarding schools. Foreign Missionary Statistics. IN AFRICA AND MADAGASCAIt. THE latest foreign missionary statistics of the evangelical churches of the Uuited States are The missions are chiefly along the coast and in indicative of progress. The numbel~ of church the centre of the continent. Tbe total figures members disinterested in foreign missions is a for all denominations n1¥Il ber 55 principal stalessening fraction. The nnmber of disciples is tions, 255 snb·stations, 138 ordained foreign misincreasing who realize the force of Christ's sionaries, 81 foreign lay helpers, 57 native orteachings and commandments, that tbj3 field is dained and 788 native lay helpers, 1,064 laborers the world, that the dnty of the Christian is to of all kinds, 15,426 communicants, and 16,920 pucover the whole of it by prayer, gifts and labor- pils in day and boarding scbools. ers, in person so far as possible, by representation so far as individnals are limited by time and IN POLYNESIA, space. We give the following facts, before tbey are pnblished in complete form in any other inclusive of New Zealand (Seventh Day Ad· pnblication : ventists), Micronesia and Sandwich Islands (A. B. C. F. M,), tbere are 5 principal stations, 33 MISSIONS o.F AMERICAN EVANGELICAL CHURCHES sub-stations, 8 foreign ordained missionaries, 13 foreign lay helpers, 11 native ordained mission· IN EUROPE. aries, 35 native lay helpers, 67 laborers of all kinds, 10,852 communicants, and 2,500 pupils in Tbese consist cbiefly of missions among Rom- day and boarding scbools. isb and lapsed rationahstic populations in Austria, Austria- Hungary, Bulgaria, Denmark, IN NORTH AMERICA, France, Germany, Greece, Holland, Italy, Norway, Roumania, Scandimivia, Spain, Switzer- inclnsive of Greenland, Labrador, work imong land, and European Turkey. It would seem as the North American Indians (States and Alaska) if the American churches might do more to ayail and the Chinese in Oregon and California, Mexthemselves of the wonderfnl opportunity existing ico, Central America and the West Indies, there in France, even if they were compelled to work are 181 principal stations, 823 sub·stations, 44, Rolely on lines developed hy the McAlI missions. foreign ordained miSSIOnaries, 253 foreign lay Dr. Mutchmol'e of Philadelphia, now making help',,"s, 168 ordained native missionaries, 1,419 the tour of the world to stndy foreign missions, native lay helpers, 2,287 laborers of all kinds, ~ays, "France is in a wonderfully receptive 56,269 communicants, aud 26,214 in day and mood. . . . God has opened new avenues on boarding schools. all sides. It is as if tbe windows and doors of all French dwellings were snddenly thrown .IN SOUTH AMERICA, open to the light." Mrs. DoddS, the widow of the Rev. Theophilus Dodds and a successor of inclusive of Brazil, the Argentine Republic (Chili her husband in tbe MeAl! missions, says ;hat the and Colombia) and Guiana, there are 28 principal workers want ," everything except opportuni· stations, 84 sub'stations, 100 foreign ordained ties." The Enropean work in hand, supported missionaries, 37 foreign lay helpers, 15 ordained native miSSionaries, 454 lay native helpers, 715 laborers of all kinds, 12,724 communicants, and 4,597 pupils in day and boarding schoole.

RECAPITULATION.

– -St-at-ion-.s.- – Laborers For. miss'aries. Native Helpers, Total Communi- Pupils in Or- Lay Or- Lay labor· cants in day and ers. mission boarding dained. helpers. dained. helpers. scbools. — churche~. —- — — — —- – – – – Prin·Sub- stations. cipals. —- 1,123 Europe…. , . 203 2,125 41 34 245 396 1,273 115,542 Asia …….. :!37 2,606 533 843 632 5,479 7,690 120,890 100,560 Africa……. 55 255 138 81 57 788 1,184 15,426 16,920 N.America.. 181 823 447 253 168 1,419 2,287 56,629 26,214 S. America .. 28 84 100 37 15 454 715 12,724 4,597 2,500 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – Polynesia….533813 11 35 67 10,852 —- — –~ Aggregate.. 700 n,9'?6 1.267 1.2M 1,128 8,571 13,216 332,063 151,914 The statistics are largest for Asia, the native are fewer pickers but more grspes; while in home of Christianity. The number of foreign or- the far distance the clnsters are dead ripe and dained and lay missionaries, and of native or- not a man to pick. Another student said: "I ~ained helpers is about equal. The relattve thought of one minister to every 600 ofpopulafigures are 1,261, 1,261, and 1,128. The harvest is tion in America, and I thought of one man to white,the laborers are few, the total of all kinds every 5OQ,OOO in the foreign field; of South 13,398. At Mr. Moody's college of colleges, America, with one man to 600,000; of the Congo, Northfield, Mass., last summer, a Princeton with one man to 40,000,000 of people." student stated the matter of " a call" to work at home or abroad, as follows: Near the gate I THE REOEIPTS find many pickers and few grapes; further on of the foreign missionary societies of the United States, in receut years and the totals since their origin are as follows: SOCIETIES. 1881-1887. Totals 1810-1887.

A. B. C. F. M …………………………………. . •$4,488,112 $22,452,817 Am. Baptist missionary Union ……………………. . 2,;)27,239 9,057,119 M.E………………………………………….. . 2,756,251 9,346,661 rr~!~~~e~!nPJ~~~~~I::: …: … '.. ~ . '.. '. '.. ~ ~ '. '. '. '. '. ~ '. '. '. : : : : : : : : 916,246 3,992,454 4,744,533 14,746,588 Southern Baptist………… '. .. .. …. .. …… .. 472,411 1,457,353 American and Foreign Church Union……………… . 129,625 2,404,331 Reformed Church……………………………… . 413,290 1,724,401 Evang(')ical Lutheran…. …. . .. . . . . . .. . . .. . :<57,089 557,089 Evangelical Association…… . ………………. .. 85,000 334,000 United Brethren ………………………………… . 200,000 750,658 United Presbyterian.. . . . . . ………… . 616,610 1,626,239 Southern Presbyterian. . . . . …………. . 498,570 1,033,511 Reformed Presbyterian.. .. . .. ………… . 185,732 Disciples…….. ……… …… . …………. . 93,600 218,742 Free-Will Baptist………………………………. . 185,565 466,362 Methodist Episcopal South ………………………. . 126,000 2,119,439 719,439 TOTALS ……………………………….. . $19,028,980 $73,074,115 Complete retnrns from 1881 to 1887 would make 3,000,000, and more than one-quarter as much for about 21,000,000, or an annUal average of about last six years as Cor the last eighty-six.

COMPARATIVE TABLE.

MISSIONS. 1850. 1880. 1887.

Stations……………………………….. .. 77 129 175 Ordained missionaries, foreign and native. .. . .. 438 1,7E2 2,395 Lay laborers …………………………….. . 4,167 Total laborers ………………………….. .. 829 : 9,832 Communicants ……… .. …………… …… . 1,267 5,959 13,398 Day and boarding scholars …………………. . 47,266 205,132 332,060 29,210 65,825 151,914 During the last thirty-seven years the number quite recently pagan women were almost wholly "'f foreign missions has increased more than two- nnreached. Oriental customs account for the fold, the number of ordained missionaries over failure. The organization of Christian ladies in five-fold, the nnmber of lay helpers twelve-fold, the home churches to aid missionary work in the total number of laborerR over ten-Cold, the the foreign field has been one of the characternumber of communicants seven·fold, the number istics of the last quarter of a ceutury. There of day school scholars five-fold. are now 26 female foreign missionary societies in the United States, in 16 denominations (count- Since this decade began, the mission communi- ing subdivisions of one type of denominationcants have increased 126,928, or 60 per cent.; the alism). The "Woman's Union Missionary Somission day-scholars 86,189, or 130 per cent.; the ciety," organized in New York City in 1861, still total laborerS 7,391,or 124 per cent. exists as a Union Society. The latest available statistics, except for their receipts, are those of The average yearly receipts since 1880 have the year 1885, when there were 15,867 auxiliaincreased about one million dollars over the av- ries, 3,454 bands (of girls and young ladies). The erage for the previous decade, and they are aggregate receipts of 12 of these Women's Fornearly seven times as large as the average from eign Missionary Boards is 8,571,706, from 1860 to 1840 to 1850. 1886. This is exclusive of the receipts of 12 of these boards, so recently organized that their WOMAN'S WORK. statistics are not available.

Thus Car the number of female converts to Christianity from paganism is small. Until TOTAL AVERAGE YEARLY RECEIPTS, HOME AND FOREIGN lIIISSIONS.

Foreign Missions. Home Missions. Total. 1850………………………… $675,000 $557,1:!!3 $1,232,123 1,450,479 1860.. .. .. .. . .. . .. .. .. .. .. . . .. . … 1,075,070 2,472,246 2,525,549 3,389,845 4,225,952 1870.. … . .. . . .. …… ………… 1,753,700 4,000,000 5,989,845 7,000,000 1880………………………… 2,600,000 1886.. •.. . •. .. .. .. ••. .. •.. . •. . . . . . 3,000,000 ACTUAL INCREASE.

Foreign Missions. Home Missions. Total. 1,384,426 1850 to 1860. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . 400,070 983,356 1,700,403 1860 to 181"0……… '" ……… 678,636 1,021,767 1,763,898 1870 to 1880…………………. 846,294 917,604 • RELATIVE INCREASE.

Foreign Missions. Home Missions. Total. 1850 to 1860…………………. 59 per cent. 160 per cent. 105 per cent. 1860 to 1870. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63 70 67 1870 to 1880. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. .. 48 37 42 The increase of the otrerings for foreign mis- priests. The rapid increase of Roman Catholics sions in 30 years was about four-fold, and for in Scotland oflate has been due chielly to immihome missions about six-fold. The total annual gration from Ireland. The increase of priests in receipts in 1886 are $7,000,000 as against $6,000,- Enl(land from 1871 to 1885 was 636. 000 in 1R8O. Although it is claimed that the Church of PRO RATA TESTS. Enl(land has a majority of one million adherents over all other creeds, this claim is seriously Average per questioned hy Dissenters. If the actual senti- Inhabitants member for H. ment of the people were taken, it might be Members. per member. & F. Missions. found that in England as well as in Scotland the Established Church is really in the minority. 1850.. 3,529,988 6.57 35 cents. Until 1871 the Established Church of Ireland 1860 .. 5,240,554 6.00 48 was Protestant Episcopal, though it represented but a fraction of the population. At present 1870.. 6,673,396 5.78 63 there are fonr Roman Catholic archbishops in Ireland and 23 bishops. The Roman Catholic 1880 . . 10,065,963 5.00 591-2 c. population in 1881 numbered 3,960,~91. The Protestant Episcopal Church had, at the same 1888.. 12,132,000 (estimates) 579-10 c. time, two archhishops, ten bishops, 1,560 clergy, 1,550 churches and 6.."0,000 members. There Multitudes of members have given nothing, or were iu the same year 470,734 Presbyterians, only a few dimes, and those spasmodically. The 48,839 Methodists, 6,210 Independents, 4,879 average is still less then % of one dollar. Baptists, 3,645 Quakers, and 472 Jews. From 1851 to 1861 the decrease of Catholics in Ireland Religious Statistics of Great Britain. was 43 per cent., of Protestants 10 per cent.; 1861-1871 the former decreased 8 and the latter THE Church of England has two archbishops and 31 bishops. In 1881 there were 14,926 civil Yo per cent. In 1871 the Catholics numbered parishes, with 14,573 churches and chapels; the clergy in actual service numbered 21,663. Ac- 4,141,933, so that in 1881 there was a further decording to an estimate made in 1883, 13,500,000 crease of 181,042. The Jews in Great Britain persons in England and Wales were adherents number about 70,000, of whom 40,000 are in of the Establisbild Church, leaving 12,500,000 to London. It is claimed that nine-tenths of the other creeds. The Wesleyans, Independents, inhabitauts of Wales are Dissenters. The Baptists and Presbyterians are most numerous Quakers in Great Britain, now numbering 15,- among dissenting bodies in England. The Wes- 219, are said to have been constantly on the inleyans have 13,270 chapels; the Independents crease during the last 20 years. 2,603; the Baptists 2,243. The number of dissenting ministers in 1881 was 9,734. The total A German authority gives the following as the number of denominations in Great Britain is ]80. religions statistics of the world: In Scotland the Established Presbyterian CHRISTIANS. Church has 84 presbyteries, 16 synods, 1,307 parishes, with 1,587 churches, chapels and sta- Catholics. . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. 190,000,000 tions, and about 1,700 ministers. In 1884 there Protestants. . .. … . . ……. . ……. 108.000,000 were 556,622 members, an increase of 12,653 Greek Christians.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . SO,OOO,OOO over the preceding year. The Free Church of Other churches… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,000,000 Scotland has 1,096 ministers, 32.5,000 members, while it is claimed that the adherents number Total. . …. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . … 393,000,000 945,000. The United Church has 594 ministers, Ii59 churcheS and about 179,891 members and ad- NON-CHRISTIANS. herents. The Episcopal Church of Scotland has seven bishops, 220 churches,255 clergy, and a Jews ……………………….. .. 7,000,000 claimed adherence of 76,939 souls. Mohammedans ……………….. . 85,000,000 Buddhists …………………….• 500,000,000 The Roman Catholics of Great Britain are es- Hiudus ……. .'………………..• 190,000,000 timated at two millions. There are 15 ecclesias- Heathen. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . … 280,000,000 tical dignitaries in En~land, and in Scotland there are two archbishops aud four bishops. In Total. ……………………… 1,062,000,000 England there were in 1835 1,269 chapels and This makes thirty per cent. of the earth's popstations, and 2,256 oftlciating priests. In Scot- ulation Christian, of whom less than one-half land there were 305 chapels and stations and 320 are Roman Catholics.-Dr. J. H. W. Stucken- berg, in H()TT!iletw Review. S Foreign Missionaries. .b., I ' Date Native Unordalned Commu- Pnpils ContrIbntions of Ordained Nat;"e nicants. in by Q.I Name of Society_ Mission Men. Wlves. IWSoinmgelen TotaI. Ministers. Helpers. Schools. Native Churches. .~ —————– 1 London Missionary Society……… 1807 28 21 11 60 8 69 3,595 2,186 –.,——- 1:1.l $17,200.00 2 A.B. C. F.M………………….. 1830 29 25 12 66 8R 1,545 ::Q;s) 3 American Baptist, North . . . . . . . . . . . 1834 21 559 180.00 5 2 i:Q 4 American Protestant Episcopal …. Ita; 5 12 4 16 371 145 279.26 410.76 S 5 American Presbyterian. North .. " . Itlil8 10 6 1 17 22 21 362 900 6 American Reformed (Dutch) ……. 1842 45 34 19 98 19 176 3,786 1,932 2,448.88 .~…

00 7 British and Foreign Bible Society .. 1843 5 5 3 13 5 19 820 124 2.076.29 114 ~ 8 Church Missionary Society……… 1844 13 7 20 'i2 2.507 2ji;z 3.ioa:so 171 1,062 450.00 <11 9 English Baptist………………… 1845 26 19 8 63 1 8 3,349 160 ~ 43 1,084 3,473.57 Q) ;;<11 19 15 34 87 24 10 Methodist Episcopal, North ….. " . 1847 "7 1,641 36 1,175.61 CD 11 Seventh Day Baptist……………. 1847 30 27 14 71 7 1,808 232 654.00 ~ 1 1 1 3 24 3,553 598 Io:ol'-~o 12 American Baptist, Sonth ……….. 1847 370 3,920.00 13 Basel Mission …………………. 1847 13 10 9 32 60 200 35 222 725 ZiO::i4 <11 ·14 Engli~h Prespyterian …………… 1847 20 15 3 66 80 ::s ~ ~ 935 520 600.00 15 Rhemsh Mission …………….•.. 1847 21 15 7 43 5 84 17 105 8.00 p !.; 3 6 1,218 162 16 Methodist EPiSCOlJil, South …….. 1848 3 3 14 6 273 100.25 C!:l'tS 7 '634 50 11 Berlin Foundling ospital. ……… 1850 8 7 4 29 173 250'.00 ::r:.: 5., 1,932 ~ 18 Wesleyan Missionary Society……. 1852 1 1 6 "5 ':ii "77 401.34 r:.1' 6 306 tIl 19 Woman'c Union Mission ……….. 1859 19 8 5 32 … 34 83 260 240:00 :~-;::.::~~~ 5 25 5 Eo< 20 Methodbt New Connexion ……… 1860 5 .'".. 13 1,765 72.00 21 Society Promotion Female Educ…. 1864 11 …1……2 73 …. .5.2.7. o". 22 United Presbyterian, Scotch …….. 1865 ::: I 7 5 42 97ii.oo 1 5 …..2. 11 30 80 ~~ o<11 4 70 . ….. E:: 6 12 .5.0.0. . ….. § .~ 23 China Inland Mission ………….. 186.5 1~ '46 . … . … <11 24 National Bible Society of Scotland .. 1868 4 52 .9..0 265 . … .. :i2 …… 25 United Methodist Free Chnrch ….. 1888 2 6 '60 . … …… ~ t.3. ~ . … 26 American Presbyterian, South…… 1868 3 3 6 "30 . ….. ……0., .o., Eo< 40 . ….. 27 Irish Presbyterian ……………… 1869 10 6 4 20 32,260 . ….. o ~ 28 Canadian Presbyterian …………. 1871 13,777 . ….. 29 Society Prooagation of the Gospel. . 1874 3 3 '" ~ 4,260 =..'!l 30 American Bible Society ………… 1876 198 "4:00 31 Established Church or Scotlaud …. 1878 2 2 .".2. 4 Q) 4 2 $38,236.70 8 4 8 12 $19,862.14 <11 3 3 "i 6 3 4 9 3ro2 Berlin Mission ………………… 1882 4 '….. 1 …..3, .2.1. 8 General Prot. Evang. Society•…… 1884 1 1 ………… 34 Bible Christians ……………….. )885 4 5 …"….i,, ~ 35 Foreign Christian Miss. Society …. 1886 5 2 .'".. 7 ~ 36 Book and Tract Society .••….•…. 1886 1 1 2 37 SOCiety of Friends……………… 1886 1 1 2 – – – – – – – – – 38 Independent Workers ……..••…. -…-. 4 1 3 8 @ ..-. …. 489 320 221 1,030 175 ~ — ,~.. — – – – – – – – – – – – – – – Total-December, 1887………• 1,316 Tncrease .over 1886……•…•…. …. 43 4 64 121 ·35 20 — –_._-

m4 EDITORIAL NOTES ON CURRENT TOPICS

-Roman Catholics in India. Ac- about a million and a quarter among oording to the official return pubiished the 260,000,000 of India-the result by the Propaganda last year the num- of 300 years of labor. ber of Roman Catholics in India is -There are some 200,000,000 wo- 1,185,142; churches and chapels, 2,677; men in India of whom 20,000,000 are stations, 417; EUropean missiona- in enforced widowhood. The English ries, 940; native missionaries, '150; Baptist Zenana Mission has been do- ,elementary schools, 1,566; scholars, ing a good work among them. It 64,357; orphanages, 73; orphans, commenced in 1867 with a revenue of 4,837, This does not include the $1,500. Now H! has 18 stations, 42 Catholics of Goa, under the Portu- lady visitOl'S, 25 assistants, 42 native ,guese, who are at feud with Rome at teachers and Bible ,,"omen, and 41 girl present. Together they will number schools containing about 1,500 pupils.

——– VII.-EDITORIAL NOTES ON CURRENT TOPICS.

THE UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT Office be so modified as to give entire free- AND MISSIONS. dom to the various missionary societies to conduct their educational work on Indian FROM the Bible Society Record we reservations in their own way, without inquote: ~";;'Jerellce on the part of the government; .. On the 2d of November last a delegation .. II. That the regulations be further modof gentlemen, headed by the Hon. William fied so as to allow the use of the native Strong, ex-Justice of the Supreme Court, tongue in schools supported, in whole or in ,and represeHting theAmerican Bible Society, part,. by t,he government, so far as such use the Presbyterian Boards of Home and For- may be desirable as a means of acquiring eign Missions, the American Missionary a knowledge of the English or of imparting Asso~iation, the Missionary Society of the moral or religious instruction. Methodist Episcopal Church, the Board-of Missions of the Protestant Episcopal Church, .. This interview with the President gave the Board of Indian Commissioners, and the warrant for the hope that the order would be various organiz.ations represented at the so far modified as to remove all objection Mohonk Conference, waited upon President to it on the part of those interested in it. But Cleveland with a statement and a request. we deeply re"ret to say that this hope is blasted, and that the latest order from the .. The occasion which led them to seek this Indian Office is open to the gravest obj~c­ interview was an order issued some time be.. tion as an attempt on the part of a single fore by the Commissioner of Indian Affairs, officer ot the government to restrict religrigidly and positively forbidding the giving ious instruction and to dictate to missiona.. of instruction in the Indian language in any ry societies how they shall give instruction Indian school, and threatening to close ev- in religion and morals. ery school maintaine,d at private expense which did not comply with the regulation. .. The delegation asked, as a matter of pub- lic policy, that in schools in which govern- U The delegation expressed its accord with ment funds are employed the teachers might the department in its desire to have the be allowed to make use of the native tongue English language take the place of the na- as a means of teaching English, or of teachtive dialects as soon as possible, but re- ing their pupilH how to become good men spectfully questioned' the wisdom of at- and women. The answer is precise and pas.. tempting to secure this end by forbidding itive: 'No textbook in the vernacular will teachers to employ the only language which be allowed ;' ~ no oral instruction in the ver~ their pupils have known from childhood, nacular will be allowed at such schools;' or to use interlinear books in those lan- • the entire curriculum must be in the Engguages, especially in schools where the at- lish language.' tendance is Sure to be irregular and the period of tuition very brief;' and further- .. Furthermor'e, they asked, as a matter of more represented that it is' not within the civil and religious liberty, that missionary province of the govetnmeRt to enter any societies, intent on promoting the welfare private institution and say that Indian chil- of the aborigines, should be allowed to condren shall not be taught to read the Ten duct their eaucational work in their own Commandments and the Lord's Prayer in way, without interference on the part of the their own tongue. ' Government, using the primer, the hymn- book, the bool< of devotion and the Holy .. The delegation, believing that the best Scriptures in Dakota at their discretion. sentiment of the nation would sustain them ion it, made this twofold request: .. This appeal also is disregarded. The Commissioner of Indian Affairs assumes .. I. That the regulations of the Indian to know better than the missionaries. Bishop Hare must not teach his catechU' mens to read the Dakota catechism. Mr. perhaps is a little more-than the original Riggs must not use as a textbook the ver- was. It is a great pity that so important a. sion of the Bible which his father prepared matter should not be managed more sensiwith so much patience and scholarship. Mr. bly." Williamson must not write on the blackboard the T"u Commandments expressed in For ourselves we are amazed at any words his Indian boys have ever heard this" rebuff from the U. S. Governin their wigwams or on the playground. The ment." Our worthy President canbook, the printed page, the written words, not afford to have this action of his are under the baH of tbe United States Gov- subordinate stand. It is a grievous .,rnment. Its edict is, • Thou shalt not teach indignity to the missionary sentiment an Indian boy to read a word in his own of the age and directly contravenes a tongue." 'No person,' says the Commission- fundamental principle of our instituer, in his order, dated Jan. 18, 1888, • other tions. It is quite bad enough for our than a native Indian teacher, will be per- politicians, in national, state and mitted to teach in any Indian vernacnlar ; munidpallegislation, to show markand these native teachers will only be al- ed partiality to the Roman Catholic lowed in schools not supported in whole or Church for the Rake of political influin part by the government, at remote points ence; but when a government officer where there are no government or contract arbitrarily interposes and forbids our schools where the English language is missionary societies, in schools estabtaught. ", lished and wholly supported by them, from conducting them as their wis- That this high-handed and imper- dom dictates, it is quite time a halt tinent action on the part of a gov- were called and the pulse of the peo- ple felt. The order excluding the ernment official will be acquiesced in Dakota Bible from every school by the religious public, especially by where its reading can do any good is our missionary societies, we do not only paralleled by the recent attempt for one moment believe. The posi- of the Turkish Government to suption taken by the conference at Mo- press American schools in the Otto- man Empire-an attempt against honk ,Lake last summer is the only which our Department of State cprrect one, and our presumptuous through Mr. Straus, our minister, Indian Office will be forced to see it : so earn2stly protested as to defeat the attempt. No less earnest should .. No policy can be endured which forbids be the protest of the American people Christian 'IlUJn and wO'l1UJn to teach Ohristian against an arbitrary order which dictruth, or to prepare instrul'tion in it in any tates to their missionary societies the way theydeen. right, in any part of this com- metho.ds which they must pursue as monwealth, that is consistent with that civil a condition of being allowed to work and religious liberty which is unhampered for the conversion of the Indian race. in every other part of our land, and must So long as this order stands the Dehereafter be unhampered within all Indian partment of the Interior will be in a reservations. " position of direct antagonism to the Christian sentiment of our land.- The Christian Union well says: J. M. S.

.. It is monstrous that there should be a THE INDIAN BUREAU AND THE CA'l'HOsquare mile of territory in the United States in which the National Government should LIC CHURCH. be able by despotic decree to determine the conditions under which a free religions soci- THE American Protestant Church ety which asks no support and no favors has another serious matter to settle from the government may carryon its work. with this same secretary. Something We should be glad to have religious societies is evidently wrong in his department, appeal to the President to have this order and it is quite time some light was rescinded, not because they wish to use the let in upon it. We quote the follow- Indian vernacular, but because they demand liberty to make their own rules and regulations without let or hindrance of any kind from the Indian Bureau."

Says The Congregationalist: .. The simple facts are that the order of the Indian Commissioner, which has bAen modified, was absurd and unjust to begin with, and that whoever has attempted to modify it has bungled his task so that the result is not much more satisfactory to intelligent and patriotic people-although it ing froIn The Independent of this president and Rev. Joseph S. Stephan direc- tor, which devotes itaeJf to forwarding the city, and commend the startling facts interests of the Catholic Church with the government. Contracts for Catholic Indian here disclosed to the serious attention schools are made with Father Stephan. The energy of this bureau deserves high of our readers. We know that New commendation. Not simply the contract schools, but the government schools, sup- York, Brooklyn and other cities, as ported wholly by the government, are also rapidly passing into the control of this well as many state legislatures, have bureau by the appointment of Catholic teachers, even where the Indians are all long discriminated in favor of Roman Protestant. If we are not mistaken the chief of the department of schools in the Catholic as against Protestant insti- Indian Bureau and his assistant have both tutions; but here is evidence of such been Roman Catholics. The government marked, gross, iniquitous favoritism has given them all it could, not, we suppose, on the part of our National Govern- out of any preference to Catholics, nor bement as to shock one's sense of justice cause it believed the Catholics to maintain and demand an investigation. Such any better schools than the Protestants, an administration of our Indian but simply because it is believed that the Bureau as these two items disclose administration has something to gain politshows it to be a disgrace to the nation ically by favoring this one church at the and to President Cleveland's admin- expense of all others. "-J. M. S • istration! A WOMAN died in Philadelphia on .. What we say is in no way designed as a criticism of the Roman Catholic Church. the second of January who has in We respect it for its enterprise and activity. herself done more to solve the prob- That its activity has been wonderfully fa- lem of how to heal the breach bevored by the Indian "Bureau at Washington is tween the so-called "higher" and all that we propose to show. The statistics "lower" classes than all the wise we give need no eloquence to teach their plans and resolutions adopted by meaning. The government expended last ecclesiastical bodies. She was heryear the sum of $308,299.98. Of this sum the self a woman of elegant refinement, Catholics got $168,959.13, and all others, in- wealthy, beautiful in feature and cluding Hampton and Lincoln, got $139,- character, lovely in disposition, gen- 340.85. For contract day schools the gov- erous and charitable. But instead of ernment expended $9,847.27. Of this the identifying herself and all her family Catholics got $7,632.92, and all others $2,- with one of the wealthy and aristo- 214.35. The government paid for the educa- craticchurehes she deliberately joined tion of Indiau youth in contract schools the a church mostly and almost exclusum of $318,147.25, of which $176,5~2.15 went sively composed of the working peoto Catholic schools, and $141,555.20 to all ple. She became a teacher in the other schools. The Catholics comprise from Sunday-school and practically the one-tenth to one-sixLh of the population; pastor of the entire parish which her the amount allowed to their boarding and large class constituted. She visited day schools is 55).2 per cent. of the total each member of the class systematiamount expended ou these schools. The cally, and they were not social calls non-Catholic population of the couutry is either, but spiritual visits, dealing from five-sixths tonine-teuthsof the whole ; directly with souls. When they the amount allowed to their Indian schools were sick she went to them, Qn foot is 44).2 per cent. of the whole. In 1884 the and in humble attire; she carried government expended on Catholic schools them little dainties, she read hel' the sum of $35,263. In 1885 it was $90.142. Bible at their bedside, she knelt and In 1886 it was $134,197. In 1887 it reached prayed with them, she inquired of the sum of $176,592, five times as much as their spil:itual condition and directed in 1884. them to Jesus. No pastoral care be- .. When asked how it happens that Catho- came needful where that woman lic schools got so much, Mr. Atkins a.nswers that they ask for more. This is not a fair answer. Protestant schools find more dif- ficulty than Catholic in getting what they ask for, besides the fact that the govern- ment iuterferes less with Catholic than Protestant contract schools. But Catholic schools are very diligent in their asking. There is in Washington a bureau of Catholic Missions, of which Rev. P. L. Chapelle is went. She declined invitations to score of such men and women as this social parties that she might be free and we can close up the slums in our to devote her time to the Lord's great cities, build a chapel in every work. She might be bearing a sor- forsaken quarter, put a missionary in row that would have crushed another every remote hamlet, and girdle the woman, but no one would ever sus- globe with a zone of missionary pect it behind that cheerful face. labor. We are scarcely sincere when She was one among the people with we talk of insuperable obstacles in whom she was identified. There was the way of evangelizing the cities or no sign of conscious superiority. In- the world.-A. T. P. to the prayer-meetings and missionary circles and Dorcas gatherings she LIVINGSTONE at first had no thought went, just as though she had no high of being himself a missionary. Feelblood, nor social pank, nor ample ing that" the salvation of men ought purse. Everybody loved her. The to be the chief desire and aim of every poorest work – women would drop Christian," he had made a resolution everything and go at her call 01' her that he would give to the cause of beck as though they were serving a missions all that he might earn bequeen. Her last act was to rise from yond what was required for his subher dying bed, as her disease suddenly sistence. The resolution to give himdeveloped fatal symptoms, and write self came from his reading an appeal out checks to cover various benevo- by Mr. Gutzlaff to the churches of lent expenditures, and among others Great Britain and America on behalf a contribution to the church of whi9h of China. It was" the claims of so she was a member, and which just many millions of his fellow creatures, then was making heroic efforts to and the complaints of the societies of cancel a large mortgage debt. She the want of qualified missionaries," wrote her checks with a clear firm that led him to aspire to that office. hand, and went back to bed to die. From that time, apparently his When the news of her decease came twenty-first year, his efforts were like a thunderclap from a clear sky, constantly directed toward that oba hush fell on' the entire people as ject without any fluctuation. David though the ground were trembling Livingstone said, "I am a missionwith an earthquake. They could at'y heart and soul. God had only scarcely speak to one another. The one Son, and he was amissionary."- prayer-meeting turned to sobs and A.T.P. tears.

We talk of missions. There is no ONE of the most pathetic stories of trouble in reaching souls, but it takes missions is that of MarialIathsdotter. .a soul to do it. When we are in As she followed the reindeer over the dead earnest-when all else is practi- silent hills around her father's house, 'cally trampled under foot in our in- the needs of her people seemed to tense desire and determination to call her. She wept and prayed for bring souls neal' to God-when self- the ignorant Lapps until their condiindulgence gives way, and even self- tion forced her to decide. Their need love, before the burning, consuming was the voice of God. It took her flame of devotion to Christ and those three years to learn the Swedish for whom he died, we shall sweep language. Then, clad in ottel' and earth as with a conflagration lOne reindeer skins with the Lapland skid- Paul, in thirty-three years, made a del'S on her feet, she walked in winter, journey afoot over the greater part 600 miles to Stockholm. It was a ·of the known world west of the long journey over the dreary moun- Golden Horn and bore the gospel tains and dismal forests. But suc- .into the regions beyond. Give us a cess crownfld her efforts. The Lord was with her. The king of Sweden THE editor of The Church at Home granted her request. Her people and Abroad, our esteemed brother were provided with schools and Dr. Nelson, calls our attention to the churches.-A. T. P. fact that the article on "Beginning at Jerusulem," which we reviewed in WHEN Dr. H. H. Jessup, for so the March number of this REVIEW: many years a missionary in Syria, has already been met by "clear and was offered the secretaryship of the conclusiye" counter statements in Presbytel'ian Board of Foreign Mis- the same magazine in which the artisions, after enumerating the reasons cle first appeared (The Church, Jan. why he should remain in the foreign 1888, pp. 67,68). We would simply field he closed by saying' : add that a distinction ought always to be made between attacking a sen- .. One thousand Presbyterian churches timent and assaulting a man. We give nothing for the spread of the gospel in were reviewing an argument whic·h heathen lands I What a mournful minor we regarded as unsound and unscripstrain rises from that sentence amid the tural, but we had not a thought of glorious harmonies of that ever-memorable antagonizing its author, who is yet assembly in the city of Philadelphia! One to us unknown, nor above all of holdthousand churches giving nothini!': Sccres ing the editor of The Church responof young men graduating from our theologi- sible for all the sentiments of articles. cal seminaries, and ahnost none wiIIiEg to that appear in the various depart go to the heathen. A devoted lady teacher ments of that organ of the Boards. from a foreign field, spending a year in America, invitin~ a young woman to return In our opinion the only way to conwith her to a delightful field of missionary duct a Review is to deal frankly, labor, and obliged to return alone I Appeal honestly and impartially with all· after appeal sent for a teacher to aid subjects. If any published line of Miss Everett in the interesting- female sem- argument seems hostile to the best inary in Beirut and no oue found to come 1 interests of the cause of missions, we mean to do our best to expose its fal- H Is this the time for us on the ground to lacy. And we expect at others' hands leave onr work and go home? Not until the the same treatment and shall not Great Captain calls us htlme.'" complain. We felt sure Dr. Nelson would agree with us in our strictures No wondel' he refused. upon the article in question.

SAID the Earl of Shaftesbury, upon FROM a very valued and influenthe occasion of his taking the presi- tial foreign correspondent the editors dency of "the English Missions Aid have received a letter full of wis- Society" III 1860 : dom. He congratulates the eaitors on the grand conception and great •. I do not believe that in the whole history u~efulness of the REVIEW, and hopes of missions; I do not b@lieve in the history our plans will be fully carried out. of any negotiations carried on between man He thinks the tone of the REVIEW and man, we can find anything to equal the should be at once independent, imwisdom, the soundness and the pure evan- partial and uncompromising in its gelical trnth of the body of men who c,msti- rebuke and exposure of whatever tute the American mission in the East. I is wrong OL' hostile to the best inhave said it twenty times before. and I will tel'ests of missions; that there should say itagain, for the expression appropriately not be too much license in attacking conveys my meanin6'-they arg a marvelous missionary societies and committees combination of common sense and piety. or defending acts on the part of Every man who comes in contact with these missionaries :which are indefensible misslOnaries speaks.in praise of them. Persons in authority and persons in subjection all speak in their favor. I know of no man who has ever been able to bring against that body a single valid objection. There they stand, tested by years, tried by their works and exemplified by their fruits, and I believe it will be found that these American missionaries have done more toward uphold- ing the truth and spreading t.he gospel of Christ in the East than any other body of men in this or in any other age." -simply in a partisan spirit. He be- speak out with unflinching voice when lieves a missionary should be loyal to a thing is done which is wrong, and the society with which he is engaged, point out faults um;paringly, yet in and not take up arms against the Christian love." To all of which we agency which placed him in the field, have only to add that whenever auand suggests as our motto" audi al- thenticated facts are brought to our teram pe,rtem." He deprecates ex- notice demanding faithful reproof, travagant praise and undue epithets, we mean that there shall be found in and even thinks Bishop Hanmngton our pages no cover or cloak to evilcannot in any proper sense be called a doing. 'Ve believe that the law of martyr as he did not die for the Faith, "truthing it in love" is one of the but like any other indiscreet traveler. foremost laws of Christ's kingdom, In this we disagree with our friend, and that nothing' is gained by the while giving;place to his friendly stric- concealment of wrong or the veiling tures. The word martyr is one of of it in apology. wide scope. Hannington certainly was a witnQss for the Faith, and will- NOTHING is needed more in these ingly surrendered life that he might days than an entire reconstruction, purchase the way to the heart of not of our systems of giving only, but Africa with his blood, which is not our very ideas of giving. The most true of any mere traveler. princely sums given to the Lord's work are miserably and shameflllly Our correspondent thinks errors of a iNadequate to the demands of that most serious sort are springIng up and work on the one hand and wretchedshould be unsparingly exposed in such ly disproportionate to our average a Review. He asks, What could justi- ability and personal expenditures on fy the appeal of Mackye and Ashe for the other hand. One great church help from England to rescue them of 700,000 members raises a dollar a and their native conv:erts? "'hat year for foreign missions-less than could justify the American mission- one-third of a cent a day for each aries in the Caroline Islands making member !-and calls that generous. their converts, who were subjects of Another church, far more numerous. Spain, keep the 4th of July? or the raises a million and sets all its church Presidentof France giving the Legion bells ringing for a jubilee! of Honor to the French mi5sionaries in Basuto Land, within a British col- We find ourselves lacking $50,000 &ny, "for advancing the interests at the end of a fiscal year, and word of France? What can justify the goes out to the various missionary French Government expelling the stations that all expenses must be re- American mIssionaries from the Ga- trenched; and accordingly schools boon? The Germans have expeJled are closed, mission stations abandonthe Engli'lh Baptists from the Came- ed and all aggressive work ceases. roons,and the Basle missionaries have The" Salvation Army," at whose vaoccupied their place. Missionaries garies we laugh, at whose extravaare beginning to ill-use the natives gances we sneer, finds need of $50,- of Africa; they habitually beat them, 000 for an onward movement and and some men have died under their they raise it in one week by simple- hands. In Madagascar all the mis- self-denial. They impose it on them- sionaries-S. P. G., Norwegian, L. M. selves to limit their supply of food so S., Friend-use slave labor in their as to realize the needed sum. houses; all the native pastors, once slaves, buy and sell them and are not We have just passed the holiday ashamed." season. We have not one word to say in discouragement of exchanges With regard to such things our cor- of friendship and family love-tokens, respondent says the REVIEW" should although we feel confident that this. thing is carried to an absurd and of- "The account for last year iii as follows ten idolatrous extreme; but if one- for foreign missions: tenth of all lavished in Christmas gifts had been simply saved for Christ Parent society …………….$576,914 and his kingdom, the treasuries of Woman's Board …………… 167,000 every great benevolent agency in the world might now be bursting with a Total for last year……… $743,914 superfluity of funds I-A. T. P. This year We have appropriated for ERRATA. Foreign Missions…………..$635,000 Woman's Board…………… 228,000 AN unfortunate error occurred in our January number on page 33. To Total , ……………….. $863,000 Sir Monier Williams's admirable "The point is, !1lways remember to count paper an extract is added purporting our women in if you count those of other de- to be from Prof. Max Miiller, but nominations. " which is a part of the address of Pro- fessor Williams delivered on another ON page 130 (Feb. No.), in a note from occasion. The first speech was before Prof. Wilkinson, several errors occurred. the Church Missionary Society at the Read the work goes on for the world moves annual meeting in Exeter Hall, in on. The name of the missionary is Witter May last; the other is from an ad- iustead of Willis, and Naza Hills should read dress before the Bible Society at its NagaHilis. annual meeting in 1886. The error is easily accounted for. The second OUR MISSIONARY MAP OF THE WORLD. extract was put in THE REVIEW just as we cut it from one of our ex- WE bespeak the attention of our changes, where it was credited to readers to the publishers' offer of this Prof. Miiller, and we unhappily trans- great map on terms that bring it ferred both the extract and the error. within reach of every mission circle, Sunday-school and church. We OUR attention has been called to a know from long experience that such discrepancy in our figures given in the a map displayed at the monthly con- February number, of the receipts for cert or in the Sundav-school or at mis- 1887 of the Missionary Society of the sionary gatherings·would add vastly 'Methodist Episcopal Church. On to the interest and the profit of such page 118 we give the sum of $576,- meetings. Well do we recall the 914.74, and on page 156, $828,000. In widespread interest and enthusiasm the former case our figures were offi- awakened by "Bidwell's Missionary cial, taken from the society's last re- Maps," a generation or so ago, and port. In the latter they occur in a many thousands of them were sold table of statistics, copied from and in this country and abroad. " Col- credited to the Missionary Herald. ton's," which our publishers offer, is a We wrote to the editor of the M. H., "thing of beauty," and immensely and he replied that his figures were superior to any ever before produced. obtained by conespondence with Dr. It would be money well expended for McCabe, Secretary of the M. E. C. a church or Sunday-school to take Society. Dr. McCabe very kindly up a collection and possess one, if it responded to our request for informa- can be got in no o!her way.-J. M. S. tion with the following gratifying statement: THE patience of our patrons has been and may still be tried by delay "The discrepancy arises frOm a failure to in getting our REVIEW 'after subscrib- count the receipts of the Woman's Foreign ing for it. The demand has so far Miss. Society. The Presbyterian Board" outstripped our editions that three [to which we referred in our note] "counts editions Of the January and two of the receipts of the Woman's Board. the February have already been printed and more will speedily be called for. Fortunately the work is stereotyped and hence the largest demand can be supplied. This delay, however, will only be temporary.- J.M. S.