The Missionary Review of the World — November 1936

1936

White Men and Missionaries Oscar Emil Emanuelson Pioneer Mission Work in Africa Herbert Smith A Church That Gives and Likes It George C. Southwell Hindrances to Mission Work in Africa c. S. Jenkins Islam and Christianity in Africa Today Samuel M. Zwemer More Africans on the Witness Stand Various Authors A Converted Priest in Venezuela By a Correspondent 25 Cents a Copy $2.50 a Yea1'

to Remember Obituary Note. of Asia several times and gave

November 15 – Men and Missions Mrs. O. R. Avison, a retired Pres- to the work of Christ both at home Sunday. byterian missionary to Korea, who and abroad. had served with her husband, Dr. November 23-24 – Stewardship Con- Avison, for forty-two years, died *** ference under the auspices of the September 15, in Cape Cod, Mass. United Stewardship Council, Day- Dr. and Mrs. Avison recently cele- Dr. Edmund B. Chaffee, Director ton, Ohio. brated their Golden Wedding. They of the Labor Temple of New York went to Korea in 1893, arriving nine City, died suddenly while making an November 23-25 – National Confer- years after Dr. Horace N. Allen, the address on September 15 at the Min- ence on the Rural Church, Ames, first Protestant missionary to enter nesota State Conference of Social Iowa. the "Hermit Kingdom." Dr. Avison Work in St. Paul, Minn. Dr. Chaffee became physician to the Korean Court was 49 years of age. He was born in December 9-11- Biennial meeting, and president of Severence Union Rose Center, Michigan, was graduated Federal Council of Churches, As- Medical College and was founder and from the University of Michigan in bury Park, N. J. president of Chosen Christian Col- 1909 and from Union Theological lege. Mrs. Avison visited hospitals, Seminary in 1916. Fifteen years ago January 11-14, 1937 – Annual Meet- trained women in Bible study, and he became director of the Labor ings, Home Missions Council and performed other missionary work. Temple which is conducted under the The Council of Women for Home auspices of the Presbytery of. New Missions. Asbury Park, N. J. Mrs. J. Livin*gsto*ne*Taylor (Sophia York. He has been a very active, liberal social reformer advocating free February S-13-International Council Strong Taylor), a very warm friend speech and taking the part of labor- of Religious Education, Executive of missions and one of the original ers and foreign-born Americans, many Committee and Associated Meetings. stockholders of THE REVIEW, died at of whom resided in his parish. He Chicago, Ill. her home in Cleveland, Ohio, on Sep- was editor of the newly established tember 25, at the age of 75 years. Presbyterian Tribune. NATIONAL PREACHING Mrs. Taylor has been very active in MISSION the business world, being the presi- **• dent of the department store of Wil- Nov. 1-4-Vancouver. liam Taylor Son & Co., of Cleveland, Dr. Jonathan Goforth, for forty- Nov. s-S-Portland. since the death of her husband in eight years a missionary in China and Nov. S-ll-San Francisco, Oakland. 1892. Mrs. Taylor took a very active recently retired, died on October 8 in Nov. 12-1S-Los Angeles. interest in the Y. W. C. A., standing Wallaceburg, Ontario, at the home of Nov. IS-IS-Dallas. strongly for the maintenance of a defi- his son, Rev. J. F. Goforth. He was Nov. 19-22-Chicago. nite Evangelical purpose and mes- 77 years of age, and went out to China Nov. 22-2s-Washington, D. C. sage. She visited the mission fields under the Presbyterian Church of Nov. 26-29-Raleigh. Canada in 1888. Mrs. Goforth, who Nov. 29-Dec. 2-Philadelphia. went to China with him, survives. Dec. 3-6-Boston. They accomplished a remarkably spir- Dec. 6-9-New York City. itual work in China and Manchuria.

DO NOT MISS THE MOSLEM WORLD SAMUEL M. ZWEMER, Edil:or SOME ARTICLES IN THE OCTOBER NUMBER: SURAT AL·IKHLAS …………………………….. .Samuel M. Zwemer JESUS, THE WORD OF GOD ……………………….• .5. A. Morrison THE CRISIS IN ISLAM ………………………….. D. Van der Meulen TEMPORARY MARRIAGE IN IRAN ……………. Dwight M. Donaldson BLESSINGS ON THE PROPHET ………………………. James Robson WHY COPTS BECOME MOSLEMS ………………….. .Qummus Sergius CONTRASTS IN IRAN …………………………… .Herrick B. Young MOSLEM RELIGIOUS EDUCATION ………………….. Murray T. Titus PRE·ISLAMIC USE OF THE NAME MUHAMMAD …….. .Edward J. Jurii SUNDAY SCHOOL WORK IN THE NEAR EAST ……. .Ralph McLaughlin THE ADVANCE OF ISLAM IN NIGERIA …………………..L. Hickin CURRENT TOPICS-BOOK REVIEWS SURVEY OF PERIODICALS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sue Molleson Foster INDEX FOR THE YEAR _.-~) SUBSCRIBE NOW ~o(-_.

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REVIEW OF THE WORLD subscription to your magazine. I have IMPBISS DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Editor let it lapse, thinking I could not af- ford it, but I need it, in the knowledge Real Comfort it gives and the inspiration I get from reading it." MRS. H. M. DElRONDE. by the VOL. LIX Nov., 1936 No. 11 Personal Items Fast Short Route publication and Business Office- Rev. Paul deSchweinitz, D.D., of Reach Yokohama in 10 Jays. It"s the Third and Reily Sts., Harrisburg, Pa. Bethlehem, Pa" treasurer of the mis- fastest, shortest Pacific crossing. Go sions of the Moravian Church in on the sister·ships, Empress of Asia Editorial and Executive Office— America, recently celeorated the fif- or Empress of Russia. Or take the 156 Fifth Avenue, New York City. tieth anniversary of his ordination Paradise route via Honolulu. Only Entered as second-class matter at into the Christian ministry. Dr. de- 3 days longer. Go on the Empress of Post Office, Harrisburg, Pa., under Schweinitz has not only rendered re- Japan (largest, fastest liner on the markable service as a Moravian min- Pacific) or the Empress of Canada. Ac2t 5ofceMntasrcah 3, 1879. a year. ister of the Gospel but has been a very copy-$2.50 effective worker for missions through Very low round-trip fares. Lux- Foreign Postage, 50 cents a year. his executive work and as a counsel- urious First Class. Popular Tourist Published monthly, except August. lor. Twenty-two years ago it was he Class. Also, low-cost Third Class. who proposed the formation of the All rights reserved. Copyrighted 1935. Committee of Reference and Council Frequent sailings from Vancouver British agents – Marshall, Morgan of the Foreign Missions Conference, (trains to ship-side) and Victoria. and Scott, 12 Paternoster Buildings, of which he has long been a member. Orient fares include passage to and London, E. C. 1 shilling per copy, Of the original members of the com- from Seattle. California sailings mittee (1904-08), he only is still on connect with Empresses at Hono- 10 shillings a year. the committee. Dr. deSchweinitz has lulu. Orient ports-of-calI: Yoko- always been a warm friend and sup- hama, Kobe, Nagasaki, Shanghai, MISSIONARY REVIEW PUB- porter of THE REVIEW as of every Hong Kong, (lnd Manila. LISHING CO., INC. other cause working effectively for • Also, Independmt World TOllrs the extension of Christ's Kingdom. as low as $579.90, Combination BOARD OF DIREC1'ORS of Classes. *** ROBERT E. SPEER, President Booklets, information from YOUR A. L. WARNBHUIB, Vice-president Miss Edith E. Lowry, director of OWN AGENT or Canadian Pacific: W ALTER MCDOUGALL, Treasurer the migrant work of the Council of New York, 344 Madison Ave.; DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Secretary Women for Home Missions, has suc- Chicago, 71 E. Jackson Blvd.; San ceeded Dr. Anne Seesholtz as Execu- Francisco, 152 Geary St.; and 38 SAMUEL MCCREA CAVERT tive Secretary of the Council. Miss other cities in U. S. and Canada. WILLIAM I. CHAMBERLAIN Charlotte Mary Burnham, who has long experience in religious education ~@a4<: D. J. FANT and Christian social service, becomes Miss Lowry's associate. TO THB MRS. ORRIN R. JUDD *** OBIINT WM. B. LIPPHARD ERIC M. NORTH Dr. Frank A. Smith has retired from his position as Secretary of the SAMUEL M. ZWEMER Department of Missions and Educa- tion of the American Baptist Home Editorial Chat Mission Society. In view'of his long experience in the interests of Negro Already a thousand extra copies of education, the Board has asked him to our October special number on Africa be its special representative in this have been sold and the demand still field. continues. It may soon be out of print as is the case with our June number. *** Better order now. Several articles on Africa appear in this issue and others Bi[hop Frederick Rogers Graves, may be expected in December. senior bishop of the Episcopal Church in China, has retired from active serv- *** ice. He has been one of the outstand- ing figures in the modern missionary Weare already planning the special movement. numbers of THE REVIEW for 1937. The Home Mission topic will be *** "Christ and Rural Life in America." It is a fruitful theme on a long-neg- Edward Hunter, M. D., of Wesley lected field which has recently been Hospital, Nigeria, has been made a receiving much attention from the native chief, the highest honor the Christian leaders in America. King of Ilesha, Nigeria, could confer. His title is "Oluawo, chief of native The Foreign Mission topic will be doctors." He is the only missionary "Christ and the Moslem Wodd To- to Nigeria, except Mary Slessor, to day." Great changes are taking place receive this honor. among the followers of Mohammed and the lands where Islam has long *** held sway are already yielding to the impact of Christianity and modern Dr. John R. Matt, Chairman of the civilization. This will be a very im- International Christian Council, has portant study which should attract the sailed for India to attend the Interattention of Christians everywhere. national Conference of the Y. M. C. A. Do you know where Islam is yielding This is the first meeting of this ormost to Christian influence and what ganization that has been held in the is the attitude of present-day Mos- Far East. It is expected that some lems of the younger generation to important decisions will be reached. Dr. Mott will later visit the Near Christ? East.

*** [513 ] It is time to think of Christmas and of Christmas gifts to missionaries and to friends at home. Note our special Christmas offer on the back cover of THE REVIEW. Make your Christmas remembrance of the birth of Christ one that is worthy of Him.

*** A recent letter enclosed with a subscription reads as follows:

A BIBLE STORY TO A GROUP OF WEST AFRICAN

Photograph by C. E. Whittier EVANGELISTS' CLASS, DUGER BIBLICAL SE'MINARY, CAMEROUN, WEST AFRICA PROGRESS IN TRAINING AFRICAN CHRISTIANS REVIB ORLD VOLUME LIX AN INTERDENOMINATIONAL REVIEW OF WORLD-WIDE CHRISTIAN PROGRESS NUMBER 11 NOVEMBER, 1936 Topics of the Times TURMOIL IN SPAIN through some desertions from the Loyalists.

War for mastery of other men's property and Observers declare that the contest for the control a desire to rule brings out the most cruel and of the country is likely to be prolonged. In the beastly elements in human nature. This has been meantime lives are being taken ruthlessly, valuevident in the World War, in Russia, and the Far able property is destroyed and normal life is dis- East, and now in Spain. It requires an almost rupted. The coming generations will pay a heavy superhuman leader and an unusually worthy price in taxes, poverty and moral degeneration. cause and noble spirit for combatants to resist the It is reported that already, after four months of temptations to lust and heartless murder and pil- fighting, 60,000 Loyalists and 80,000 Revolutionlage when the passion for conquest is unleashed. ists have been slain-many combatants and non- How slow ,men are to learn from past experience! combatants being cruelly slaughtered. Loyalists The more deadly the weapons of warfare the more are said to kill all "cowards" and plotters, and one inhuman is the conflict. rebel leader has declared: "My men take no pris- oners and leave behind no living men among the The news from Spain, where the fratricidal wounded." The effect on women is degrading. strife for mastery continues, brings a blush of They take their places with the men and are shame to every Christian. Both sides seem to be among the most fiendish fighters; on the Loyalist equally ferocious and heartless. The Spanish side many are bitter opponents of God and the Government forces – called Loyalists – include Church. Hundreds of priests and nuns have been Socialists, Communists and anarchists. They seek massacred and much church property pillaged and to maintain a government which will control cap- destroyed. ital and industry and will give the workers a better opportunity. They are opposed to the power Evangelical Christian work in Spain is natof the Roman Catholic Church and some are urally hindered by the conflict. The Life of Faith against all religion, therefore their cause is fa- (London) says in a recent issue: vored by Soviet Russia, by Mexico and by the ,From most of the stations of the Spanish Gospel M.ission Communists and Socialists in France. still under control of the Government all foreign workers have been ev~cuated. Meanwhile the work of the mission, The Revolutionists-or rebels as they are called so far as CIrcumstances permit, is being continued by -are fighting to establish a Fascist government Spanish evangelists and colporteurs. Where the Governwhich will be dictatorial and nationalistic. They m~n~ is in control Pro~estants have complete liberty for are friendly to the Catholic Church and have in Splr1tu~1 work. In SeVIlle, however, which is in the hands their ranks many Royalists who favor the return o~ t~e msurgents, one ~f the most promising of the misof the Spanish king. If the Revolutionists are vic- SIOn s younger evangelIsts was shot down with others torious a dictatorship is likely to be established. while standing in a bread line. This side is favored by Italy, Germany and Portugal, all of which are accused of supplying war Mr. Lawrence Elder, a representative of the mission materials to the Revolutionists. The rebel forces known as "Helpers Together" for Spain, was in Badajos seem to have the advantage in the conflict and of at the outbreak of t~e Civil War, and left the besieged forty-nine provinces only eighteen are counted town the day before It fell. He states: "Circumstances loyal to the present central government. The have changed since we left. The occupation of Badajos creirbcellisngocMcuapdyrids.eveTnhteeiern rapnrokvsinacrees baenindg asrweeIeIend- by the rebels was accompanied by fearful bloodshed. As the rebel movement is a militarist-clerical movement it is' probable that Protestants will suffer all over Spain."

estIannpt aprltasceosf othf ewcoorusnh~irpy,halvoeyaslutfofetrheed Gbuotvesrlingmhetlnyt., Prot- [ 515]

Evangelical forces are facing, on the Govern- teen hundred years they and the Turks have ment side, the communistic element that would do almost continuously controlled the land which God away with all religion, and on the rebel side, they gave to Abraham and his seed "forever." face the clerical party opposed to all Protestant religious activity. Since the close of the WorId War Palestine, while under a British Mandate, has been disturbed Spain, the home of the Moorish "Alhambra" by frequent conflicts between Jews and Moslems. and other historic buildings, is a land with a The latter have never shown ability to develop checkered history, beautiful scenery, and rich re- the land agriculturally or economically or to train sources. Most of its 23,000,000 inhabitants are their people educationally and socially and are still poor and illiterate but the past half-century now aroused because of the rapid influx of Jews, has been marked by an encouraging struggle for who dispute with them the right to develop the liberty and learning. The religious life and much land which is theirs by right of possession. On of the wealth, the political power and education the other hand the Hebrews claim that Palestine have been controlled by the Roman Catholic was given to their fathers Abraham, Isaac and Church. As in Mexico and other Latin American Jacob and their descendents by Divine Mandate. countries this control has not brought liberty and The Jews are being evicted from Germany and prosperity to the masses so that there has been a are unwelcome in many other lands. The Balfour revolt against the Papacy. Declaration promised them a home in Palestine and over three hundred thousand Jews have The Evangelical mission work today is carried settled there in the past eighteen years. They on by twenty-five missions, five of them American have bought property and have shown their pro- -the Congregational Board, the Methodist Epis- gressive spirit by building cities, developing copal Church, the Assemblies of God, the Southern farms, establishing schools and colleges and carry- Baptists and the Seventh-Day Adventists. Other ing on trade. Their increasing numbers and insocieties are British, German, Swedish, Dutch and fluence alarms their Moslem neighbors so that Spanish. The results of the work reported show the Palestinian Arabs have dynamited railroad an Evangelical community of only about 22,000 bridges and trains, bombed busses, destroyed or one in a thousand of the population. The Prot- farms and attacked Jewish residents, creating a estant Sunday schools enroll 7,000 and their day reign of terror. Italy is charged with helping to schools 7,500. The total number of Evangelical stir up strife in order to create trouble for the missionaries from outside of Spain is only 123, British who are determined to maintain order, reof whom eleven are American; most of these so- cently declaring marshall law. Many Moslems, cieties help only to support the Spanish Evan- Jews and some British soldiers have been killed. gelical Church. A National Committee for the Fortunately the Moslem "strike" has been called Propagation of the Gospel, representing the lead- off and conditions are becoming more normal. ing Evangelical forces, was formed in Madrid five years ago and has promoted Evangelism by many The sympathy of most travelers is with the public meetings. When peace is once more estab- Moslems who see their land occupied and business lished this Committee may be expected to take captured by Jews who are still coming at the rate steps to proclaim the Gospel more freely and vig- of 1,000 a month. On the other hand, the symorously. Spain needs the rule of Christ to bring pathy of most Bible students is with the Jews who peace and to establish liberty and justice, right- are not only driven out of Europe but who show eousness and prosperity. themselves better able than the Arabs to develop their ancient ancestral home. They are willing THE OUTLOOK IN PALESTINE to live at peace with their neighbors.

At the crossroads between Asia and Africa, and A recent visitor to Palestine, Rev. Walser H. next door to Europe, lies Palestine (the "Land of Allen of the Moravian Church in America, has Wanderers"), the birthplace of three great reli- this to say of the situation: gions and the theater for many religious, racial and political conflicts. Until the time of Joshua, About 750,000 Arabs live in Palestine (which is about about 1,400 years before Christ, the land was di- the size of the State Qf Vermont and much less fertile). vided between many pagan tribes, some of whom Three British Royal Commissions that have been sent out had reached a considerable degree of civilization. to study the situation have reported that Palestine is un- Then for a thousand years it was possessed and able to support more than the present population. It is peopled by the Hebrews. For the next thousand also claimed that tb.e late Colonel T. E. Lawrence promyears it was under Assyrian, Persian, Greek, ised the Arabs, as a reward for helping the British in the Roman or other foreign governments, but still World War, that an all-Arab Federation would be formed, was mostly peopled by Jews. Then came the including Palestine. As a result of the Balfour Declara- Moslem conquests and settlement, so that for thir- tion the Arabs are exceedingly bitter against both Jews and British. The Arabs admit that the Jews are smarter than they and have more wealth but they believe that if Jewish immigration continues the country will be com- pletely dominated by them.

TOPICS OF THE TIMES

It is true that the Arabs have, for the most part, lived have become wearied of prospectuses and plans in old ruts for centuries, while Jewish colonists have, in and pleas. But now and then one comes into a few years, made the desert to blossom as a rose. Some existence because it is definitely needed. Remindof their accomplishments have been tremendous. The ers of the large percentage of unchurched chilgreat Hebrew university in Jerusalem is one of the finest dren in America have been common, but a movein the world. The problem is very complex. ment with a comprehensive plan for reaching them is still sufficiently new to attract attention The Moslems, in a recent conference of 350 and sufficiently important to demand the considerleaders, adopted seven resolutions with a view to ation of the whole Christian Church. If the maintaining their prestige: Church cannot evangelize the children and young people, on whom is it going to depend for its mem- 1. Boycott foreign materials and use homemade goods. bership in another generation? This question alone is enough to awaken a concern which the 2. Establish more Moslem schools to combat mission figures involved must greatly deepen. schools. The movement to meet the spiritual needs of 3. Prevent Jews from buying land and encourage Moslems America's unreached millions of children, from to cultivate their own holdings. whom our armies of atheists, criminals and dan- gerous radicals are chiefly recruited, has already 4. Establish a fighting fund, with contributions from enlisted at least six denominations, which have every Moslem. officially endorsed it. The International Council of Religious Education has also done so, giving it 5. Increase Moslem preachers and teachers in towns and the indirect endorsement of some forty other de- villages. nominations. The special committee on the Christ for Youth Movement, of the General Assembly of 6. Insist on only Moslem teachers for Moslem youth. the United Presbyterian Church of North Amer- ica, in its report presented last May went into the 7. Discourage all modern non-Moslem customs. subject very thoroughly. Its opening paragraphs furnish these sentences of value and interest, and They also demand of Great Britain, as a price show the genesis of this definitely organized effort, of peace: (1) that all Jewish immigration must which at once began to be taken up by other stop; (2) that sales of land to Jews must be churches: restricted; (3) that a national Palestinian government must be established. The past two years have witnessed the most significant movement among Protestant churches in America that has From a Christian viewpoint the present out- ever taken place, looking toward universal Christian teachlook in Palestine is not bright. A recent com- ing for children and youth. The startling fact is that mission, sent out by the Church of England, visited schools and hospitals and agricultural col- twenty million boys and girls are growing up in this counonies, with a view to promoting evangelism among try as practical agnostics. They are ignorant of God and the Jews, most of whom are materialistic and irreligious. The Commission reported great difficul- His laws and His help, because no one has taught them. ties facing Christian work and said that the most Crime is costing sixteen million dollars every day, or six effective way to solve the problem is to work billions annually. Ninety-five per cent of the crime is comthrough Christian friendliness, extending help to mitted by those who have not had Christian instruction. those in need. Christian communities should be The financial cost of crime is only a fraction of the real established, with homes and institutions that will offer an opportunity for all to earn an honorable cost. livelihood. Experience proves that these unchurched children are Christian missionaries and travelers agree that accessible. All that is needed is an awakened concern and Palestine today is, perhaps, the most difficult place purpose on the part of our Christian churches. Christian on earth for the Gospel of Christ to make real instruction can be given to the whole twenty millions not headway. Even Christian Arabs are alienated by receiving it for one per cent of what crime is costing in their feeling that a Christian government is giving their country to aliens and enemies. cash. It costs less than $3.00 a pupil per year to give such instruction to three hundred thousand children in four It is our conviction that the one hope for peace and prosperity in Palestine, as in other lands, is hundred communities that have undertaken it. for all classes to recognize in Christ the Son of God, the potential Saviour of all men, and the Back of the action of our General Assembly one year giver of peace on the basis of righteousness and ago in appointing this special committee on unchurched love. The return of the Jews to Palestine is children, lies a historical setting which helps to interpret stirring up Moslem opposition but the fulfilment of prophecy will ultimately establish the reign of its importance, and our Church's Providential relation to Christ. the whole national movement. On August 14, 1934, the FOR OUR UNEVANGELIZED YOUTH one who has been since appointed chairman of this special There are movements and movements, and there committee sent out an appeal for prayer for a nationare organizations and organizations, until we wide movement in behalf of the millions of unchurched children in America. So far as we can discover, this was the first definite proposal of this nature that has been made. R. M. K.

~1ll0 MANYAPPEALS~ and the sinister ministrations of the witch doctor. The missionary's message was life-changing, 'BLED WHITE!/ revolutionary. Life has been made worth living. ''CAN'T GIVE The loving Father God has been made the per- ANOTHER sonal friend of legions of His African children (thirty-four per cent of the native people in South CENT" Africa are members of Christian churches to- day). Individuals have been freed from slavery (Courtesy oj tb. Golden Rule FOllndatlOn) to enervating tradition and an ancestor-controlled social order, and have already risen high in vari- FACTS vs. FEELINGS ous vocations and professions. For all this the new African is gra1teful. If I could control my feelings I never would But he is frankly puzzled today at what is takhave any bad feelings, I would always have good ing place before his eyes. The white missionary and the church have followed him to the highly feelings. Satan may change our feelings fifty industrialized urban area. He had felt that he was joining a great body of people which repretimes a day, but he cannot change the Word of sented that brotherhood of men and women under a common Father God about which the Apostle God; and what we want is to build our hopes of Paul said so much.

Heaven upon the Word of God. When a sinner is "The Church refuses to face or is slow to try to meet the problems of the people. It preaches coming up out of the pit, and is just ready to get impractical maxims and does not seek to prove Christianity in the Monday struggles of the peohis feet upon the Rock of Ages, the devil sticks ple," says the principal of a school.

out a plank of feeling, and says, "Get on that," In South Africa there is an element of urgency about the problems facing the Christian Church and when the sinner puts his feet on that, down arising from the very large number of African youth who are being exposed to disturbing condihe goes again. Take one saying of Jesus, "Verily, tions. In no country in the world are so many individuals of a backward race meeting face to I say unto you, he that heareth my word and be- face with so many individuals of the white race and having personal dealings with them. lieveth on him that sent me, hath everlasting life, In no country in the world are so many native and shall not come into condemnation, but is Christians being put to quite so severe a test of their newly found faith. And in no country with passed from death unto life." That rock is more which the writer is familiar is there such a de- mand as in South Africa, and by native Chrisstable than my feeling. D. L. MOODY. tians, for a program of social action on the part of a united Christian Church. LOOKING AHEAD IN AFRICA In the next decade it will be a race between The new African, the product of missionary such action and such unity of endeavor by the schools and colleges, looks back and recalls the Christian Church and the relegation of the Church fearsome, deadening, spirit-controlled world of to the sidelines of interest-at least on the part his fathers, and he is grateful for the early work of educated African men and women who are of the missionary pioneers who liberated the peo- making the cities and towns their homes. ple from bondage to tribal and ancestral spirits RAY EDMUND PHILLIPS.

WHAT MISSIONARIES ARE SENT TO PREACH Not human experience, but divine redemption. Not economic de!!.ls, but the Gospel of Christ. Not culture, but conversion. Not personal reforms, but liberation from sin. Not laws of progress, but forgiveness for sin. Not social reform, but spiritual salvation. Not a new organization, but a new creation. Not the benefits of civilization, but the blessings of Christ. Weare ambassadors, not diplomats.

R. P. RICHARDSON, North Kiangsu, China.

Mission Work in

By HERBERT SMITH, D.D., Bolenge, Coquilhatville, Congo BeIge, Africa I F YOU are sent to do pioneer work at a new One learns that in Africa today most colonial missionary station, the very best thing that governments have a real concern for the village can happen to you is that you should forget people. Most missions have made a name for that you are in so elementary and yet so impor- themselves. They come not only to build a, church tant work. If you should begin to think that you where the Gospel will be preached, but they will were sent there because you were important, the have a school where the people will learn to read future will be much in doubt. The natives with and write and where other things will be taught. whom you must work would soon sense that you They will have a hospital and also some plan for regarded yourself as being of more consideration vocational work, in either agriculture or industry. than they, and such an attitude would be fatal. The colonial government usually welcomes a mis- These native people are good judges of character. sion that can look forward to a fully developed They can read the motives of many a man even work. The one-man mission is not now very popthough he and they speak different languages. ular with them because one man is unable to This does not mean that the native will not re- preach and do well all the work mentioned. Most spect you. They respect their elders and rulers, mission stations need several missionaries who but every newcomer is just a person to them, and have varied talents and can render different types you have to win them. When you have done so of servicp. in the Name of the Master. the way is open for the very best kind of future work. The Daily Problems Begin Obtaining a Mission Site The steamer landed us at the new station in the late afternoon. The natives gathered hur- Occasionally we hear of the missionary who riedly on the beach when the steamer whistled. goes among a people, settles in their village and What a strange group! They wore little clothing; almost forces his Gospel down their throats. In there was not a shirt among them; their bodies reality such a thing is impossible. In most Afri- were smeared with red powdered wood used as a can colonies, before a missionary can begin to live paint; their hair was matted, and had not been in any village, or even near one, he must obtain combed for months. Every man had some weapon permission twice over. He visits the place where in his hand, either a bow and arrows or spear he would like to settle. He asks the chief and the or large fighting knife. The women had babies on elders of the village if they will permit him to re- their hips and the bodies of the little children side near them. If they will, he then proceeds to were covered with yaw sores. Yet we learned to the administrative authority of the colony and love quite a few of that first crowd. Many have makes the same request. If the native people said become Christians, and we have seen them they did not want a missionary to live near them, clothed, have heard them pray, and have seen the matter is ended; he will not be allowed to them do deeds of kindness because of the Good force himself upon an unwilling people. But if News that comes with the Christian missionary. the villagers have agreed that he should come a In that village it would be almost impossible now government officer goes to see the site and holds to find a baby with yaws. a council meeting with the chiefs and elders to see if they understand what they have. done. If the Morning seemed to come too soon. The goats matter seems to be in accordance with the policy we took with us were tied outside the hut because of the government, permission may be given to there was no other place. The first male of the take certain portions of ground. This permission flock was dead. The steamer was getting ready for temporary residence can be confirmed later or to leave. Some of the natives, especially the old may be withdrawn. It must also be remembered chief and the women, had now got right near to that the government may not give permission, the steamer and were talking to the crew. They even though the native people have offered a site were quite interested in all they saw. The captain for residence. suddenly saw a chance to have some fun. Up went his arm and he blew a blast on the whistle. The [ 519 ]

women fled for their lives and the old chief just would say, "Where is the owner?" Then she about outran them. He explained later that he would have to admit that he was working in the was getting out of the way of the women. But forest or garden and that he might not be back the crowd was not going home and they were not for an hour or two, but that she would be glad to going to allow anything to keep them from satis- receive any gift they might want to give. To this fying their curiosity. the man would say, "You are a woman, what do you know about such things?" We took an American stove, which was set up in the open. The cook had an appreciative audi- The lady was always equal to such an occasion ence. He lighted the fire, having told them what and always said, "Thank you. Won't you sit would happen, so that all eyes were on the end of down and wait until the owner comes?" Then the stove pipe. Suddenly the smo.ke appeared and she would try to get the women to talk. Up until away went the women again, laughing and shout- now they had never said a word. Now they giging, half in fear and half in ridicule that the white gled and answered questions by shaking their man had to have a contraption like that to cook heads, wiggling their bare toes and putting their his food. The chief did not run that time. He hands over their mouths, but not a word would was getting wiser, making game of his wives and they say. Perhaps this lady with great guile would asking if they were babies that run at the sight entice these women into the house and let them of smoke. stand so they could see themselves in a large mir- ror. One would not recognize her own picture Ground had to be· cleared for a temporary at first but she would that of another wife. Then house. We opened a box of long knives known as there would be a roar. They would beat their matchets and used for clearing underbrush and breasts and slap one another on the back and from cutting smaller trees. The chief had never seen now on they would talk a streak. The old chief a boxful of knives before. He promptly put out who had been left out of this would stand it no his hand, expecting one as a present. Gifts that longer. He would want to come in and see what early in the morning were out of order, so he had it was all about. They would show him a picture to wait until later. We had taken a number of of himself in the looking glass and ask him if he workmen with us from one of our other stations. knew himself. After awhile he would realize he Like us, they were housed in huts of the village. was looking at himself and consent to smile, but We built our temporary houses as fast as we could. he would refuse to make the fuss the women did. In a week we had a roof over our heads. This After looking awhile he would say, "I wonder roof was made from palm leaves and was fine dur- where that road goes to?" With that he tried to ing quiet sunshine, but when a storm raged these get into the bedroom to find out. He thought the leaves would stand up on end, allowing the tropi- mirror was a path into some other house. These cal rain to pour into our bedroom. You then chiefs and their wives gave us many moments of pushed your bed over in the other corner, and humor as well as serious thought. It was neces~ hoped the sun would shine next day. It usually sary for them to know us as well as for our does do that most of the time. Such weather was tongues to begin to stammer out some of their very hard on books, clothes and the little furniture language. we had. When Christmas Came Native Hospitality Christmas came, and we invited a number of The natives soon wanted to show their hospital- chiefs and others to a service under the great tall ity. This consisted in bringing presents and mak- trees. Things went all right while we sang and ing speeches of welcome. Unfortunately we could told the Christmas story of the birth of Christ, not, at first, understand the speeches. The chiefs but when we tried to close the meeting with from miles around came to bring these gifts and prayer that was another matter. The native evanto make speeches. The chiefs always wanted the gelist said, "Now let everybody close his eyes man of the house to receive these gifts. In fact while we pray." The oldest chief, who was decked they refused to give them to his wife. They would out in a hat of feathers, refused to close his eyes ask her, "Where is the male?" She would look but he put his hand over his face and looked out of the door, and there standing was a man through his fingers. That would have been all with a spear in his hand, a loin cloth for clothing, right if some women had not seen him and begun and a monkey skin for a hat. Behind him were to giggle. Thinking to maintain his dignity he three or four women. Each of these women had called out in a loud voice, "You women, can't you a basket on her back which was filled with plan- stop laughing for just a short time? Aren't you tains and dried meat of the forest. Always five ashamed at spoiling the meeting of the white or six chickens dangled head downward from one man ?" The damage was done. Everybody knew of their hands. If the lady missionary greeted that he was afraid to shut his eyes in a public them without answering the question the man

PIONEER MISSION WORK IN AFRICA

meeting. He looked all around him to see that no was his own affair." "No it wasn't. If you had one was going to work a charm on him, and the not taken him to your house and if Mamma had whole crowd began to laugh. It was impossible not cooked for him we would have had to furnish to pray, so we said "Amen" and ended the meet- paddlers, and they would have been gone for days. ing. We would learn, however, how to handle a You helped us then." Because of this and similar crowd that could laugh and be serious at the most events almost all the villages there received the simple things, all inside of a couple of minutes. Gospel in due season. They tried hard to under- As soon as the meeting had broken up the head stand our broken language and when we failed to chief and others followed us to our mud hut and make things clear the native evangelist who was said, "White man, we have corne a long way to with us, in many eloquent speeches and sermons this meeting of yours. Now what is our pay for brought the beauty and salvation of the Gospel. coming?" We would learn things the longer we lived among these forest people. We did not pay The wives of the local chief received the Gospel them for coming to church. Years afterwards we one by one, with the permission arid consent of learned that our every action was noticed and their husband. He seemed to welcome the idea talked about in the village. The man missionary of having them become Christians. We then made the garden, and his wife did not. According found out that he thought there was hope for him to native custom the woman is the gardener. The in the faith of his wives. It was a shock to him missionary husband and wife ate together at when the matter was fully explained. He carne every meal; in fact, the wife was served first. If many times to talk it over with us, and all his they walked down a path they walked side by side wives carne too. He was most sincere in his quesand not as the native, with the man in front and tions regarding his obligation to these women and the woman behind. We did so many things in a how he should become a Christian. He was told way that was quite contrary to their customs. there was but one way. A chief, or any man or woman must receive the gracious salvation in just Meeting the State Officer the same way. One day he asked, "If I become a Christian which one of these women is to be my Steamers and canoes passed our village horne wife? I love all of them, and they all love me. very seldom in those days. One morning the drum What am I to do?" of a canoe was heard, and soon it was announced that a State officer was coming. He landed at This was a hard question, and I did not want the native village near by. We went to meet him, to decide for him. After many days of thought but before we reached the beach he had ordered he said, "My first wife has a child, and the others that the village furnish a number of paddlers to have no children. I will take that woman as my take him further on his journey. We invited him Christian wife, and the others can marry whom to our new home, which was not very much to they will in my family who are Christians, or relook at, but he seemed glad to accept the invita- turn to their own families, just as they wish." tion. He accepted also an invitation to dinner and That settled the matter. It was the happiest day stayed with us several hours. We asked him about in that man's life when he was baptized in the his journey and how the paddlers he had ordered water of the great Congo River. Other chiefs from the near by village would get back horne came to witness the service and marveled at his again. It was really none of our business, but he joy, but they shook their heads and said, "He is replied as best he could. We then accompanied quite happy, but he is a fool. Why, he gave up him to his canoe, and he announced to the sur- his wives to become a Christian." prise of the villagers that he would take no paddlers from that village, and in a moment was The Help of Palavers gone. We returned to our work and forgot the incident, but the natives did not and this is how they I spent many hours in palavers about their brought it up years afterwards. quarrels, and I did it by request. The main reason was to get to know the people. Usually it was "White man, we decided you were our friend a dispute about wives or debts or inheritances or long ago. Don't you remember the day the State hunting and fishing rights, and also adultery and officer came and asked for paddlers from our vil- thefts. The word palaver seems to belong to lage and you took him home to your house. You Africa. It usually means disputes and almost and Mamma were living in a mud house then. every man, woman and child has some kind of Mamma cooked some dinner for him and when he palaver, so one has plenty of practice trying to returned to our village he said he did not want straighten things out. During those early days, our paddlers." "Yes," I said, "I remember, but when people asked me to do this, I said, "Why do I never had anything to do with the State officer you come to me. I have no authority to carry out changing his mind about your paddlers. That a decision. If both parties will agree to the ar- bitration in advance I will see what I can do." I

have often wondered since how my recommenda- News, and you share it with no one. Here we live tions sounded to those native ears. I knew very in villages all around here, and none of you come little about native customs or native unwritten to visit and teach us. If we die as we are you law, but I tried to be fair in what I suggested. will be to blame." The listeners were quite stirred They usually attempted to follow out the decisions up and they excused themselves by saying, "The I made. Often one had to read between the white man has not sent us to you. If he will send speeches to get at what they intended you to know us we will come willingly. We will ask him about and what they intended to hide. Nor must you it at the next weekly meeting." suppose that these palavers were conducted without heat. Half a dozen wanted to talk at once, The next meeting found this subject the first and they would get to calling each other liars, topic. The blame for these other villagers being offering at the same time to fight it out right without Gospel teachers was now placed on the there. The rule was that no palaver should be missionary. They asked him, "Why do you refuse held until all weapons had been put aside, so most to allow these people the privilege of Gospel of the boasting was to get rid of steam. After teachers ?" awhile the facts of the case would emerge and a decision could be given that seemed fairly satis- "Now," we said, "wait a bit. We may share factory. this responsibility somewhat. But it seems to be your own affair before it is ours. These villagers After we got a permanent house built, with are your friends, are they not? Perhaps they are steps leading up to the porch, the old men had to your very own relatives, maybe mothers and falearn how to climb those steps. They came up the thers and brothers and sisters. If anyone should first time on their hands and knees, and we had be anxious for them to have the Gospel it surely to help them down. They liked to get up there, should be you yourselves." however, and to be given an old porch chair to sit on. One old man in particular came often. He "Do you mean to. say," they asked, "that if we brought little gifts of sugar cane, or perhaps an find someone to go you will send them?" "That egg or two. He wanted salt and tin spoons or tin is what I mean," I replied. "If there is someone forks in return. One day he said he was going to worthy and capable and can have the approval of church with me. He had often refused our in- both Christians and missionaries we will be glad vitation, but this time he was willing to go and to see that work start." asked if he could take the chair he was sitting on to church. He seemed to pay attention to the The work began in the near by villages inside of service and after the meeting I expected to see a week. As a ~esult of that weekly meeting hunhim return the chair, but he had other intentions. dreds have been sent out, and great numbers have A small boy came running saying the old man been won for Christ through that kind of cowas taking the chair home and telling everybody operation. I gave it to him. We asked him to return the chair to our porch, and explained to him that if he car- The missionary force was augmented through ried off that chair we would have great shame the the years by the educator, who taught the people next time he came to see us because we.would have to read the Holy Scriptures and gave them much no chair to offer him to sit on. He returned the general knowledge. When the doctor and nurse chair and came often, but in spite of our hope arrived a new day was surely at hand. Now there that he would one day understand the Gospel mes- were health studies and help to those in pain and sage he never did. He was held fast with his distress. Little children no longer suffered the heathenism. long painful scourge of yaws, but were healed in a couple of weeks. Helping to Carry the Message One of the finest things that has come to these It was one of the pleasures of the work that Christians is to discover that there are many other newly made converts were anxious to go out to people in Africa who are Christians too. Forvillages, both near and far, to tell the Gospel story. merly there was no means of travel. It was dan- It began in this way. We had a weekly custom of gerous to go very far from home; hence it was meeting with Christians to learn about their not possible to have friends very far away from growth in their new faith and also how the new the village in which you were born. Now these leaven was working in other places. Visitors con- newborn Christians read about other people who tinued to come to the village, some of them to are really of another tribe in the flesh, but who call on the missionaries, but many of them to see are of the same tribe in the Lord. This is a very the new Christian village that was slowly grow- great gain to the African. ing. One day some of these visitors said to the Christians: "This is not fair. You have this Good Native Christians are not yet ready to stand alone. They have come a long way in the brief time they have had a chance to hear the Gospel, but they will need more guidance and fellowship for a long time to come.

A Church that Gives and Likes

By REV. GEORGE C. SOUTHWELL, Cleveland, Ohio, Secretary of the Cleveland Office of the American Mission to Lepers W HEN the Rev. Herbert Mackenzie had Dr. McConaughy asked him what the church been pastor of the Gospel Church of spent on its local expenses, and he found that, Cleveland, Ohio, only six weeks, the church generous as the missionary gifts had been, the organist, a beautiful Christian girl, died suddenly. amount was much smaller than that contributed The young people's society, the Bible School, the for local expenses. Mr. Mackenzie felt a real jolt, church trustees, and several groups started funds when Dr. McConaughy said: "I don't believe you to purchase beautiful floral remembrances for the ought to boast about your missionary giving until funeral, but the pastor felt that a living gift you spend more on 'others' than upon yourselves.'?

would be better than flowers that perish. A short time after this Dr. Henry W. Frost, of With the consent of the family the announce- the China Inland Mission, remarked to Pastor Mackenzie that "a spiritual interpretation of ,the ment was made that "flowers should be omitted" Scriptures would make a church missionary conand, at the pastor's suggestion "The Hazel Cain scious more quickly than the telling of thrilling Fund" for the support of a Bible woman in China, was soon subscribed. missionary stories."

That was the first missionary project of the Gospel Church, and it has been maintained for many years.

The pastor's first missionary vision came to him in London, Ontario, ' where he was a mission church pastor, serving without stated salary. The first week he received $2.00, and the first year, $225.00; but when clothes were needed, or food, they came unsolicited, just as they were needed and not before. Pastor Mackenzie was reminded of Job, who said: "Have (I) eaten my morsel alone, and the fatherless have not eaten thereof." He desired to share his spiritual bread with the multitudes who were famishing. A missionary day was appointed, with a goal of $50.00 for missions. This seemed a large amount for his small and poor mission church. Prayer days were appointed and the gifts amounted to $296. In twelve months they raised $1,200.00 for missions, and the pastor's support was adequate for his needs. Next the mission moved out of the old building, and purchased a fine abandoned church structure.

From this fruitful Canadian pastorate Mr. Mac- kenzie was called to the Gospel (undenomina- tional) Church in Cleveland, Ohio. There, too, mission days and goals were set, preceded by days of prayer – not incidental prayers at a crowded midweek meeting, but all-day prayer meetings with men and women attending. Gifts to missions REV. HEmBERT MACKENZIE increased to such an extent that the pastor, being human, expressed his satisfaction to Dr. David McConaughy, one time as they walked together.

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From the Lord's great commission: "Go ye money to open five stations at $1,000.00 each in into all the world and preach the gospel to every the last seven years. creature," and Solomon's proverb: "Where there is no vision, the people perish," the pastor found The Bible School has its own missionary with the texts which, with many others, became the in- whom it keeps in touch by regular correspondence. spiration for his famous expository sermons. The missionary cause is always before the people, These were the forerunners of the winter and for prominently displayed in the front of the summer Erieside Bible Conferences, and mission- church is a world map with little burning electric ary conventions, which have brought to Cleveland lights, each representing a missionary and his or some of the greatest Bible teachers of America. her field of service. Here is a literal version of the words: "Let your light so shine before men Sam Higginbottom, the well-known missionary that they may see your good works, and glorify of Allahabad, India, came to the Gospel Church, your Father which is in heaven." married a daughter of "Elder" Cody and they became the first missionaries of the church. Soon Some one of the many missionaries of this church is always at home on furlough, and is THE GOSPEL CHURCH, CLEVELAND invited into the homes of the members, so that the children grow up in a missionary atmosphere. other young people in the congregation volunteered for missionary service, and one by one, The church holds a missionary conference each were accepted by missionary boards and sent year, in addition to cooperating in the Erieside abroad. Bible Conferences, founded by the pastor. A four- page folder, containing pictures of its mission- The funds for transportation, outfits, and sup- aries and interesting facts about their work, is port came from the members and some outside published by the church. friends. Nigeria, Africa, called seven members; Argentina, South America, called two others; On invitation of the mission boards, Pastor Abyssinia called two; Rhodesia, one; and the Mackenzie has made visits to missions in Africa Chicago Hebrew Mission, another. Some mem- and South America and his personal reminiscences bers have assumed full support of certain mis- add to the missionary flame. sionaries. One supply teacher in the Sunday school, herself a school teacher, has provided the The Gospel Church has continued to grow and is occupying its third building in thirty years. Two other churches in, or near Cleveland, have also grown out of it.

Dr. Mackenzie has never had a stated salary, but depends on the free will offerings of his peo- ple. There are only 200 members but the pastor believes that for every ten members there should be one missionary on the foreign field and the church is now supporting eighteen. Four other young people are in training for mission work. Gifts to missions have increased from $200.00 to $10,000.00 per year. During the past twenty- six years these people, none of whom are rich, have contributed $200,000.00 for missionary work.

When Dr. Mackenzie was asked for the secret of the missionary achievements of this church he replied: "Consecration, vision, prayer, and faith." The Scriptures are the lamp that lights his leader- ship. In a recent issue of the Church Bulletin we read: "If ye shall ask … I will do" (John 14). Man, in his own strength, can do nothing constructive -"Power belongeth unto God." Our part is to ask. How? In faith (James t; 6). In great faith? No. Faith is more precious than gold that perisheth, and Christ said, "If ye have faith as a grain of mustard seed, ye shall say unto this mountain, Remove hence to yonder place and it shall remove" (Mat. 17: 21). Let us ask daily.

to Mission Work in

By REV. C. s. JENKINS, Manjacaze, Gaza, Portuguese East Africa .r-. AFRICA, with its 11,412,320 square miles of On the other hand we know that no living soul is territory, and its 170,000,000 people! Each really satisfied without communion with his Cre- section presents its peculiar difficulties. I ator. We know that he is not satisfied, but he think that, in pointing out the following hin- doesn't. He has to be made to see that Jesus is drances which I present for your consideration, I his need. The time required to do this varies, ac- am stating, more or less, the condition in Africa cording to the missionary and the section in which as a whole. he labors.

It has been my joy to give the past sixteen years Lack of appreciation: The religion of Jesus to service in this so-called Dark Continent. Per- causes His people to "do good unto all men." The haps I cannot speak with absolute authority, but missionary tries through ministering to the body I bring to you in this article the results of careful to reach the soul. These efforts have met varying and prayerful observation after these years of degrees of success. Many times, to our surprise, labor for the salvation of the African. After all, they have not been rewarded by the appreciation there is but one real hindrance, and that is the which we would expect. Not that the missionary presence in the world of the archenemy of God expects rewards in this life, but he is pained and all righteousness. In this article I am en- many times by this lack of response. And what deavoring to state, as I see them, a few of the missionary has not awakened to the fact that he many specific difficulties. It is not practical to is now expected to care for the bodily needs of try to give them in the order of their significance the people? Has not God sent him for this pur- as many are of much the same importance. pose, that is, as a convenience? It is a shock at I. Natural Propensities of the African first, but after prayer and commitment it does not become a check. I do not mean to imply that His superstitions: He is the personification of as a result of' cases of lack of appreciation the superstition. He was born in it as were his an- missionary ceases to minister to the body. No, cestors. It is in the fiber of his being. He is but he becomes much wiser in the administration taught that everything ill comes from evil spirits of temporal things. I would not leave the impres- which are always trying to do him harm. Crop sion that the African is not appreciative. We failures, sickness, death, all come through witch- have seen hundreds of evidences of appreciation craft. He is a fatalist in every sense of the word. and gratefulness among them. We find, however, If it were possible we could make a long article that this is when grace has touched their hearts on this point alone. and the eyes of their understanding have been The African is naturally suspicious: He is sus- opened.

picious of the missionary when he first makes his II. Missionaries appearance. The founder of our work in Swazi- land labored three years before the first convert You will no doubt be surprised at my stating was made. He had to break down this suspicion. that missionaries themselves can be a hindrance As a drawing card to get the children to come to to the work of evangelization in Africa. When I the mission station he gave out picture cards. say "missionaries" I mean some missionaries-a Upon seeing them the parents immediately burned very few missionaries. I hesitate to say this, but them, saying that the missionary was trying to I am sure that many of my fellow missionaries bewitch them. In some sections there isn't a doubt will agree.

that the native's suspicions of the white man are Missionaries who do not enter into native life: well grounded. To the shame of the white race There are missionaries in Africa, a few whom I this is true in some sections where the white man have met personally, who do not learn the lan- preceded the missionary. guage of the people with whom they labor. This Self-satisfaction: Sometimes it is stated that means that they cannot know the African. It is the African is waiting with outstretched hands impossible to enter into the native life without a for the Gospel. Most of us have not found this knowledge of his language. This acquisition to be fully true. He is generally quite satisfied makes the missionary one with his people as noth- with his condition; that is, he takes it for granted. ing else could. A native will seldom bring his [525 ]

private difficulties, doubts and fears to a mission- the work by himself. I am sure that I am safe ary with whom he must speak through an inter- in saying that scores of missionaries in Africa preter. As a rule when one unburdens his heart started missionary work in the wrong way. We he doesn't wish for a third person to be present. preached the Gospel and many believed. God Interpreters have sometimes not interpreted cor- called some as preachers, and we trained them rectly. We know of such a case. Often when the and sent them out. This was good, but where we missionary was preaching and touched upon made our mistake was that these preachers were things of which the interpreter was guilty he gave supported entirely from overseas. The preachers an interpretation to suit himself. A missionary did not ask whence came this support, and some may live in the midst of his people, but still live seemed to think that the supply was exhaustless. a long distance from them. That is, he shuts him- The depression came and cuts were made. It was self away from them either consciously or uncon- a shock, and in some instances the workers did sciously. not take too kindly to it. Some missionaries, the writer included, felt that this was the time to do Low standards of teaching and living: I am not what we had wanted to do for years, but had not speaking of immorality and other outright sins. known how, and in some instances had feared to I am referring to standards which are not Gospel do. The task of correcting mistakes at this point standards. Church forms may be followed very has not been easy, either for the missionary or the carefully, while very little change is wrought in native worker, but the results are gratifying. I the heart. This is a hindrance to the spread of am certain that if our founders (may God bless the Gospel. We have seen Africans educated to their memory) had started with the indigenous a very high degree-and we believe in education church in view we never would have had some of -but with a very little knowledge of the Lord. our present difficulties. The end of all missionary endeavor should be the changing of men's hearts. Anything short of this The free-lance missionary (so-called): I hesiis building with wood, hay, stubble. Was it not tate to discuss this subject for fear of being mis- Jerry McAuley who said, when referring to edu- understood. Will you allow me to make it clear cation without God, "An uneducated man will that I do not necessarily mean the so-called indesteal your watch, but an educated one will steal pendent missionary. The missionary to whom I your daughter." refer may either be independent or belong to a denomination. He is "independent" whether con- Pressing Western ways upon an Eastern peo- nected with a denominational mission, an interdeple: I doubt the wisdom of this policy. None of nominational mission, an undenominational misus would say that everything Western was so near sion or carrying on a work of his own. What I perfect that it would be desirable for an Eastern, want to say is, that this missionary will not work primitive people. Along some lines, no doubt, together with anyone. He will go in with his par- Eastern peoples can teach us some valuable les- ticular church where the field is already well ocsons. Naturally the native will adopt the customs cupied and sometimes overcrowded. In some which come from the land of the missionary, such cases he builds up this new church with those who as dress. He not only takes on the ways of the have been disciplined in other churches. This missionary, but unhappily he takes on too many kind of work makes it very difficult to administer of the ways of the white man whom he meets. He the discipline which will build up a strong body has to learn that there is a difference between the of believers. Only missionaries working on the missionary and many of the white settlers. We field know just what this means. are thankful to say that there are some godly settlers, but they are far too few. More especially III. Godless European Civilization would I emphasize the danger of the missionary trying to Westernize the native beyond what is It will be agreed by all missionaries that it is good for him. We are not called to Africa to make far easier to reach the African who is entirely unwhite folks out of the natives, but to make Chris- touch by so-called civilization than those whom it tians. A Christian African is a beautiful char- has reached. This is a shame and disgrace upon acter. How our Lord must rejoice over him! us as a white race. Some years ago as I was trek- king through a certain district, I greeted an old We come not to establish a Western church, be woman who was plowing in her garden. She an- . it ever so fine, but to Christianize the African and swered my greeting by saying, "Shewane, muthen let a church develop along African lines. lungu" (greetings, white man). I had a native Should it not be our purpose to build up an Afri- young man traveling with me, and upon hearing can church which will eventually be a self-govern- her greeting he said, "He is not a white man; he ing, self-supporting, self-propagating church? We is a missionary!" What he meant by this was should not build in such a way as practically to that there was too great a difference between the make it impossible for the African to carryon

HINDRANCES TO MISSION WORK IN AFRICA

missionary and the white man. This ought not not allow freedom of conscience. She will take to be so, but, sad to say, it is. We call ourselves any and every means to hinder the work of the a superior race, but in some cases the white man Gospel. In the section where the writer is workwill sink to lower levels than the native. The word ing we are now feeling this opposition. Children "ka/fir" comes from the Dutch and means dog. are forced in many instances to attend Roman Missionaries never use the word, speaking of the Catholic schools. When they do so they are no natives. Imagine the depths to which one white longer allowed to attend church services in any man had gone when he received from the natives other church, even though their parents are Protthe name of white "ka/fir!" It is not pleasant to estants. Even in sections of Africa where the dwell on this point, but in considering hindrances government is nominally Protestant the Roman it must be mentioned. Catholics are a hindrance to Protestant work. They readily accept the freedom which they re- IV. Native Movements fuse others.

The aim of all missionary work should be ulti- VI. Nationalism mately to establish an African church. To this we all agree. There are times when some native This may be expressed in various ways. For leaders, having more in their heads than in their instance, if mission work is being carried on in a hearts, break away from the Church governed by self-governing territory this may work as it does the white missionary and start a native move- in Mexico; that is, only nationals are allowed to ment. I am not referring to the African branches carryon the work. If the people are a subordiof the Church which have been set apart by sev- nate people this spirit may be manifested in aneral of the larger denominations working in this other way. Sometimes this nationalism means land. I am referring to the independent native Catholicism. In the territory where the writer churches which have been started by disgruntled labors the Roman Catholics are nationals and the native leaders. Very often they are simply racial Protestants are foreigners. One can easily see and political, with the slogan, "Africa for the the problems this presents. Church and State African." They go about spreading dissatisfac- have always been one; they are supposed to be tion among the believers and gather unto them- separated now, but the union is still apparent in selves kindred spirits. spirit. Therefore, it is believed, Protestants who are foreigners must of necessity represent a for- We have at least one notable case in Portuguese eign government. One can see that this line of East Africa. An ordained native minister of one reasoning is not conducive to missionary progress of the Church's great denominations, a denomina- in such countries. Then we have seen this nationtion which pioneered the work in a part of this alistic spirit manifested among the Africans colony, became dissatisfied and separated himself themselves. The slogan, "Mrica for the Afrifrom that church. He started a native movement cans," is no mere byword. In the religious realm and headed it as a self-appointed bishop. The these movements have manifested real hatred tonatives were told that this was God's way of de- ward the missionaries themselves, who were the liverance for them from the thralldom of the means in other years of bringing to them the glowhite supervision, and he promised them that this rious Gospel of emancipation. movement would sweep the country. The only sweeping it did was to sweep from some churches I realize that I have drawn rather a dark piccertain undesirable members. After a while the ture. The nature of my subject has rather neces- "bishop" was accused of immoral conduct. He sitated this. Thank the Lord, there is a brighter was brought to trial by the church which he had side. How mighty have been the triumphs of the started, when it was found that no provision had Gospel in Africa! Were it within the bounds of been made in the church rulings for the trial of a this article how my soul would revel in the privibishop! He had carefully seen to that. Then lege of recounting a few of these wonderful viccame a separation. And so it goes on. This sort tories wrought through the preaching of the Gosof thing is a serious hindrance. pel of the Son of God! I will have to forego this joy. Handicaps? Yes. Opposition? Yes. Vic- V. Roman Catholicism tories? Multitudes! Perhaps these very things which we have numbered as hindrances to the To those laboring in Roman Catholic countries progress of the Gospel have in reality been step- I need to say nothing more. Just to state the case ping stones to greater attainments than would would be sufficient. If the people are self-govern- otherwise have been possible. ing and are Roman Catholics the difficulties are of a certain character. If they are a subordinate God loves Africa; Jesus died for Africa; the people and ruled over by Roman Catholics then Holy Spirit works in Africa. Therefore, there is, the problem is different. If possible, Rome will and must be victory!

Men and

By OSCAR EMIL EMANUELSON,* New Haven, Conn.

I T WAS an old Zulu who once said: "There are day. The writer is restricting his remarks to the two kinds of foreigners in our country-white Union of South Africa, the area with which he is men and missionaries." This statement is sig- most familiar; but what follows would probably nificant for it points to the distinction which apply to Southern Rhodesia, Kenya, or any other every Mrican has sooner or later to discover, part of Africa where white settlement is permanamely, that the missionary does try to govern his nent. whole life by the teachings of Christ, while the average Christian layman is too often content to To the average native living near a mission stapractice his religion only on Sundays. tion in a rural area, the missionary is a person to go to in time of trouble, whatever the nature of The difficulty is a real one; for, to the Afri- that trouble. It may be that a loan is needed for cans, as to most so-called primitive peoples, re- the payment of overdue taxes, or for the purchase ligion is something that permeates the whole of of food at the stores where further credit is no life. For example, in the case of the Zulus, re- longer obtainable; it may be that a serious misligion plays an important part in tribal warfare, understanding has arisen between the native and in tribal first-fruit ceremonies, and in every crisis his white employer, or between the native and the in the life of the individual. The ancestral spirits government officials in connection with regulaare constantly looked to for help and guidance, tions for the control of epidemic animal diseases; and are propitiated with offerings. The ordinary or it may be that a child or a valuable ox or cow European in Africa, on the other hand, may open- is ill and in need of immediate attention. Of ly claim to have no time for religion; or he may course, the native in trouble often goes to his discuss Christian brotherhood in a very emotional white employer or an official and obtains both manner on Sundays and still use very questionable advice and assistance; but, as a general rule, it methods in dealing with his "brothers," particu- is still the missionary who is called on for help; larly his colored African brothers, in business and this is usually forthcoming, unless the mishours on week days. sionary's slender resources are quite unable to bear the strain placed upon them. Even non- The first permanent settlers came to the Cape Christian natives are frequently helped by misof Good Hope in 1652, more than one hundred and sionaries in circumstances like those just outfifty years after the Cape had been discovered; lined. Such is the position in the rural areas, to Natal the early settlers came in 1823, some where the so-called "raw" natives do definitely three hundred years after its discovery by the believe that missionary white men are different Portuguese; while the Transvaal and the Orange from, and superior to, ordinary white men. What Free State were settled by dissatisfied Dutch of the urban areas? farmers who started leaving the Cape as late as 1835. Missionaries were early on the scene in What the Africans Say each of these four territories, and they came in The distinction just outlined between "white the interests of the natives, to whom they wanted men" and "missionaries" seems perfectly natural to bring the Gospel of Christ; whereas the set- to some people; but beliefs are not held by everytlers entered these areas in their own interests. body for all time, and what seems axiomatic to This initial difference between settlers and mis- one person in one generation may stimulate doubt sionaries persists to a remarkable degree, even to- • Mr. Oscar Emil Emanuelson, the son of Swedish missionaries to and inquiry in another. It was in a spirit of in- qUI'ry that a qu-estl'onnal're was prepared and sent . the natives of Natal and Zululand, Is a district inspector of native out to representative natives in the largest urban schools in the service of the Natal Government Education Depart- area in South Africa. Among the questions asked were the following: "Are you a member of a ment. He secured the B.A. degree in 1919, and the M.En. degree in ChrI•s•tian church?. WhoICh one.? Are the ChrI'S- 1927, from the University of South Africa. Through the generosity tian churches losing or gaining influence among of the International Institute of African Languages and Cultures, urban native residents today? Why is this? he was enabled to spend the academic year 1934-35 in studying anthropology under Professor Malinowski at the University of London; and by the award of a Carnegie fellowship In Race Relations he was enabled to spend the academic year 1935-36 at Yale Univer- ~7. i~aa~::I~~~c~~o1b~~tt~~ ~f~i~YH°,;w~'au~~~o1:~~nRg;~e~~~a~l~~~ s~~~~t~~ri~~~ race relations In those countries before returning to [528 ]

WHITE MEN AND MISSIONARIES

Please let us have your honest opinion (perhaps enough already and should withdraw from mison a separate sheet of paper) of the work of the sion work among the natives; four thought that churches at the present time: their leadership, the missionaries were losing their influence bemethods, and value to the community." Three cause of the bad example set by the whites who of those who replied were sure that the churches did not attend church and who showed their inwere gaining influence, twelve were uncertain as difference to religion in other ways; four attribto what answer to give about the value of the uted the decrease in the influence of the missionmissionaries to the natives, and forty-two were aries to the counter attractions of liquor, dance sure that the missionaries were either useless or halls, and theaters; two explained matters by harmful to the native community. In other words, saying that the "educated" natives, especially of the missionaries of today in the urban areas do the younger generation, were indifferent to renot rank nearly so high in the opinion of the na- ligion; two thought that much could be accounted tives as did the early missionaries in the pioneer for by the presence of "formalism" in the mission days, before the building of large towns and cities. churches; while two complained of the absence of love from all churches and of bad treatment of From those who spoke definitely in favor of the natives by Christian whites. missionaries and their work, came the following comments: That the missionaries are on the Some Bantu Grievances whole good friends to the Africans, that the Christian mode of life is far superior to the heathen In connection with these adverse comments way of living, that the missionaries interest them- upon the missionaries and their influence, the conselves in both church and social questions, that sidered opinion of D. D. T. Jabavu is worthy of the missionaries do not keep all the best posts in close attention, for he is an Mrican author of sevthe church for themselves, that Christianity re- eral important books on a variety of native matduces the fears of the Africans, that the mission- ters. In his chapter on Bantu Grievances in a aries still do much more for native education than recent book, "Western Civilization and the Nathe government does, and that the churches are tives of South Africa" (edited by 1. Schapera; gaining more in influence than they are losing in Routledge, 1934), Jabavu says: "In religious numerical strength. circles, too, the color obsession is not wanting. In combined social functions, the Nordic races Twenty-six considered the missionaries to be fall far behind those of Southern Europe in soseekers of wealth, either for themselves or for ciability. Promotions to positions of responsibiltheir own denominational funds; sixteen believed ity due to our more advanced pastors are often that the churches were losing their influence, be- withheld because 'they are not yet fit for responsicause of the poor training which many of the mis- bility'; and it is odd to see our elderly ministers sionaries and other church workers had received; with ripe experience serving as underlings to very ten thought of the missionaries as plain hypo- young white ministers fresh from their theologicrites; ten felt that the missionaries were losing cal college. We see no progress made to enable their power, on account of their acquiescence in our men to qualify for this fitness, the determinacolor bars within the churches and the schools tion of which is left to the judgment of their under church control; ten maintained that em- white brethren." phasis on spiritual matters and neglect of social welfare work were reducing the efficiency of the Broadly speaking, the missionaries have been, churches; six believed that the missionaries could and still are, opposed to what are termed "repulnot become a power in the land until they were sive" heathen customs and beliefs; and in this prepared to sink denominational differences and the missionaries have the general white public abandon interdenominational strife to the point with them. To this extent, then, there is simiof amalgamating the churches; five could not see larity rather than difference; but the efforts of how the missionaries could have any influence the missionaries are also directed along another over the natives, when the churches followed pub- line, the replacement of faith in ancestral spirits lic opinion, instead of leading it and having a real by faith in Christ, and the general white public effect upon government legislation on native mat- is doing practically nothing to give direct help in ters; four accounted for the decreasing influence this task. For example, white farmers will ridiof the missionaries by the increasing unwilling- cule native belief in magic in the field of agriculness of the missionaries to trust and consult na- ture, but few of them will take any real interest tives in matters of church finance; four felt that in the adoption of Christianity by their servants; the missionaries had confused Christianity with yet the government and the general white public European culture, and had done their own cause are compelled to give support to the missions, harm by unnecessary interference with native especially when the lives of missionaries are in customs and the power of the native chiefs; four danger in periods of unrest. argued that the missionaries had stayed long

Criticism of this general tendency to condemn should be forthcoming locally if the natives are to native customs and beliefs comes from students be won for Christ. But that happy state of affairs of functional anthropology, who insist that these will not be realized in the near future, and the matters should be most carefully studied before mission societies will therefore continue to be dethey are interfered with in any way, lest the re- pendent upon support from overseas for some sults of such interference be far different from time to come. Local support will never become those anticipated. Missionaries have actively op- adequate without supervision and control of misposed the whole system of "bride price payments" sionary activity by the whites in Africa; and and the general practice of polygamy, even to the these will give neither the money for mission exextent of demanding that a native man should penses nor the time for mission supervision until keep only one of his wives and send the others they are persuaded, not forced, to follow the giveaway; while the anthropologists point out that and-take principle by giving a little more and takthe "bride price" is really a public seal to a con- ing a little less. It certainly seems futile to extract between the two families to which the bride pect the whites to follow in their daily lives a and bridegroom belong, and very similar to the philosophy which they do not whole-heartedly "dowry" so well known in some European coun- accept. Yet it might be objected that this is tries. The "bride price" usually takes the form exactly what the ruling whites expect the ruled of a small herd of cattle. natives to do.

As the natives of South Africa do believe in a In their attempts to do this persuading the mis- Supreme Being they do not oppose and resent the sionaries may be accused of "pussyfooting." In teaching of the missionaries concerning God. fact, they are being accused of that very practice. What they resent is interference with the old so- Witness the comments by natives quoted at the becial organization and the traditional practices and ginning of this paper. This matter calls for comcustoms; hence many of the Christian natives ment on the history of mission policy in South bring into their new religion the lack of sincerity Africa. At one time a certain group of missionand the stress on formalism which characterized aries, those who believed in the "noble savage" their old religion. At the same time, the mission- and stressed the struggle for political rights, aries have in a way become tribal officials who gained ascendancy over another group, those who worship "the unknown god" on behalf of the tribe. believed in the motto of ora et labora, and sought In other words, the missionaries get quite a great to secure spiritual and material development deal of recognition from the heathen members of rather than political and social status. This asthe tribe and even more recognition from the cendancy of the one group over the other is the Christian members, with the result that the aver- basis of much of the present unwillingness of the age missionary is an honored guest in the ordi- whites to "give" in matters affecting the natives. nary tribe. For this reason it might be argued that the mis- sionary "victory" of those early days is the cause Although many of the natives of South Africa of missionary "defeat" today-if the missionaries are still heathens, there can be very few natives are suffering defeat today, and that time alone who are absolutely unfamiliar with the main can show whether "pussyfooting" to secure willteachings of Christianity and also, unfortunately, ing and friendly consideration of native claims with the great difference between these and their will not prove more effective than direct attacks. general application in the daily life of the average white Christian. The natives realize only too well Even the worst enemies of the missionaries, that Christian pririciples apply better among the past and present, will agree that, however great Europeans themselves than they do between race may be the mistakes which have occurred, the and race, that Christianity as practiced by the missionaries have made valuable scientific conwhites does not help the weak of the land-the tributions to knowledge in the realms of ethnology native peoples, and that missionary effort is tol- and ethnography, and that, in spite of the apparerated by the whites in Africa so long as most of ently disruptive effects of missionary enterprise the money and the missionaries come from over- on native social organization, the work done by seas. missionaries to foster and preserve native lan- guages, reduced to written form by the mission- White Churches and Missions aries, is today -having an undoubted integrating. effect upon native society quite unlike anything In fact, the dualism between the white churches being done directly or indirectly by the general in South Africa and the mission societies there is white public. And the impartial observer would so glaringly apparent that it cannot be overlooked go further and say that the missionaries are still by even the most unobservant native. The white serving essential needs of the natives in the field churches should practice what the mission so- of religion itself. With this view the writer of cieties preach; the necessary sympathy and mis- this paper whole-heartedly agrees. sion workers and daily justice and mission funds

Christ Has Done for My

By BERNARD MOLABA, 1)1- Bantu Presbyterian Theological Student at the South African I Native College, Fort Hare, South Africa I T IS not easy within the compass of a brief ity and of the scientific treatment of disease will article to do justice to a wide subject like this completely disappear. -What Christ Has Done for My People-the Bantu of South Africa, and Africa's greatest need In a word, we can assuredly say that the Good of Him. It is indeed an attempt to reduce a News of the Man of Galilee is becoming effective whole book to a short article. But as I am limited among the Bantu. As He said, He came to preach, to this space I shall in passing only mention what teach, heal and free. Christ has already done, and I shall mention only The preaching of the Good News is being car- ried on every day and nearly everywhere among those needs which are of paramount importance. The state of affairs among the Bantu prior to the advent of Christianity is well known. True, the Bantu had religious ceremonies and observances, but these were accompanied by superstition and mystification, and were attempts to propitiate angry and fearful spirits. When Christianity with its cornerstone of love came, many of these mystical rites disappeared.

Three main things which have been definitely removed by Christ can be mentioned at the outset.

First, there were the intertribal wars, often accompanied by much bloodshed and misery.

Christ has now united these tribes which were at variance one with the other, and although they retain their separate totemistic clans they nevertheless feel that they belong to a wider racial circle which includes all the different little circles, BERNARD M'OLABA and that they are all one in spirit and purpose and need not destroy one another. The old destructive days have passed away.

Second, there were the tribal hatreds, spite, contempt, and disunion. All these destructive ele- ments have vanished. There was a time when a the Bantu. From the large cities to the remotest member of an alien tribe was your rightful foe, rural areas faithful worshipers of Christ gather but now we feel we are joined, not by those tan- to praise His Name for the salvation which is gible bonds of blood and flesh, but by eternal and theirs. They are called to worship by tower bells spiritual bonds of love and peace and good will in the cities, and in the villages by hand bells or and common purpose. We feel We are one in an old ploughshare struck by a hammer. They Christ. listen eagerly to the message, and thank the mis- sionaries who dared so much to bring Christianity Third, there were cruel and repugnant customs, like the slaying of twins, the sacrifice of children to them. It is true that we still have heathens, for the propitiation of angry spirits, and the but their numbers diminish with time. I am sure smelling out of witches. Through Christ these that even in old countries unbelievers are still have been removed, and where formerly was found. cruelty and bloodshed is now love, peace, and good Teaching has likewise been making progress.

will. Throughout South Africa, from the towns to the True it is that superstition still lingers in many lonely rural places, you find mission schools; and a village, but this with the progress of Christian- here secular education is based upon a solid foun- [531 ]

dation in Christ. Many heathens send their chil- is shown in various aspects of their lives. In agdren to mission schools, and these children in most riculture, education, literature, music and induscases refuse to go back to the old life. Generally try new ventures are being made. Some men say speaking every Bantu man realizes the benefits that the belief in witchcraft is still unshaken, but of education, and hence many children from hea- this is not entirely true. Young people now scorn then homes attend schools and ultimately become and ridicule this absurd belief, and it is no doubt followers of Christ. vanishing.

Within a short time education has made won- What Is Needed to Win Africa derful strides. Through missionary enterprise village schools have been founded, later institutes In the first place, some Africans cry out that and finally colleges. when the white man came to Africa he had the Bible and we had the land; now we have the Bible I am writing this article in the South African and he has the land. Weare crammed in a small Native College, at Fort Hare, which has a mar- piece of ground, here to perish with our cattle, velous history. Within the twenty-one years of but one European owns twice as much land as a its existence it has produced about sixty Bachelors whole village. They say that Christianity is a of Art and two Bachelors of Science, apart from drug to keep us silent and in hope of compensation eighty fully qualified doctors who completed their in the future world, that Europeans preach what courses overseas. No man who had not the Spirit they do not practice, and that they say, "Do as I of Christ could have convinced the government tell you and not as I do." These and many other that a native youth, given the opportunity, could complaints are voiced by discontented agitators, do any mental work which a European youth and, unless the Church wakes up definitely to face could do. We thank missionaries for dispelling them, Christianity may lose even the ground it by practical examples the idea of an inferior men- has. tality in the native. The idea that the native must be treated dif- The writer remembers well the time he spent ferently from the European is wrong. What is as a lad in the "cattle-posts." To have seen a good for the native is good for the European, and European then was a topic for weeks, to have vice versa. Christ treated all men alike, and spoken to him was a boast unbearable by other talked with the despised Samaritans. Our govfellows, and to have shaken hands with him was ernments are called Christian. One reads, for ina great honor; but within such a short time, stance, that the Union Government follows the through Christ, we do not only speak with them lead of the Almighty in all that it does. Can the and shake hands with them, but we have realized repressive legislation and color bars originate that black and white are brothers in Christ, and from God? These destructive measures are prothat there is a purpose for each here in South ducing a bitter attitude in the minds of Africans. Africa. White preservation and domination seem to be the main policy of our government, and these meas- We write the examinations in the same lan- ures are creating a new outlook in the minds of guages, and experience the same difficulties. All the Africans. This year, 1936, in South Africa a this has been done through Christ, in whom there most un-Christian act, which deprives the Bantu is "neither Greek nor Jew, bond nor free." of the rights of full citizenship, has been passed by a majority of 169 votes against 11. The Afri- Healing too is being fulfilled. Missionaries cans do not ask for social equality or indiscrimihave established hospitals, such as Lovedale, St. nate mixture; in all matters purely social we Matthew's, Lemana, Fraser Memorial, Jean would be as separate as fingers on the hand, yet Furse, and others. These are doing wonderful in principle united and with one purpose in view work to relieve pain and suffering among the -for Christ, for humanity, and for peace. Bantu. For long the government has left this work in the hands of the missionaries, and it is We see how memories of history are forgotten only now that it is waking up to its responsibility as far as white and white are concerned, but they and is providing clinics and hospitals. This has are ever green as far as the native is concerned. been wrought through the agitation of the Until the Spirit of the Master leads our legis- Church. lators, Africa will not be won for Him. His was' a method of love, of peace and of prayer, not of Christ came also to set free those who were in force, domination and punishment. bonds. Before He came among the Bantu, superstition was rife. This hindered progress in that The second need is union among the churches. men feared to make new ventures; it also hin- The African often wonders why, if we worship dered initiative because anything out of the ordi- one God, we should have different methods. And, nary and not traditional was viewed with fear and moreover, this denominational spirit is at times suspicion. But through Christ the Bantu are now breaking new and hitherto unknown ground. This

MORE AFRICANS ON THE WITNESS STAND

un-Christian. It is accompanied by rivalry, ha- the Abyssinians, and prayed on their behalf. They tred, spite and resentment. "Why," says an watched the events and marked how the League African, "these Christians are no better than our- of Nations kept on delaying and disagreeing in selves; they preach love, but they hate each other the application of sanctions which they had like fighting dogs." We pray for the time when agreed to apply to an aggressor. They read about union among the churches will be achieved. At the slaughter of women and children including present the Church is a divided house, and we all the sick in hospitals. No wonder some Africans know the fate of such a house. said that it was a war between black and white.

One cannot ignore the effect of the Italo- Africans, even the most illiterate, in the remot- Abyssinian war on the African mind. The war est corners of the African colonies, discussed has created a new outlook in him. From the be- these matters; no doubt these things have creginning of the war the Africans identified them- ated a new problem in seeking to win them to selves with the Abyssinians. They prayed with Christ.

More Africans on the Witness Stand THE Editor of THE REVIEW sent to several missionaries a request for articles by natives to show their views of the greatest needs of Africa and the value of missionary work, and to give their own reactions to the Gospel. The answers were translated by the missionaires, and from them we select for this number those below. The missionaries who so kindly secured this very original material are: Dr. James Dexter Taylor, Superintendent of Transvaal and Inhambane Districts of the American Board Mission in South Africa; Rev. R. H. W. Shepherd, Lovedale Institution Church, of the Bantu Presbyterian Church of South Africa; Rev. R. S. Roseberry, Chairman, French West Africa Mission of the Christian and Missionary Alliance; Rev. John T. Tucker, Missao de Dondi, Angola. These testimonies come from members of the Theological and Biblical class at Dondi Institute, Dondi, Angola.

1. How Christ has helped the Ovimbundu: We there are many districts where they have never recognize well that Christ has helped the Ovim- yet heard the word of the Gospel. Workers are bundu because in olden days our fathers knew needed. If you travel over all of Africa you will God only as they recognized Him through the find many countries where the people are like things He created, but they lacked the true knowl- sheep without a shepherd. They need the help of edge of His power. Now, however, we recognize the Word. The Umbundu Church is not strong Him because the Lord Jesus has shown Him to enough yet; it is still a child. us and has made us recognize by the Spirit all the good that God has done for us. Not only that, ANTONIO CHICO NUNDA. but He has raised us from the dust and shown us a true Way and has drawn together all the tribes 1. The Word of Christ has helped us in this of the Ovimbundu by His blood. Even though way, that we are now no longer as we were bethat union is not yet quite complete, still there is fore we believed. Of old we had no love for one much love and we expect that it will abound another, no joy or peace, between the tribes toamong the black peoples. ward the Coast and the Biheans upcountry. In those days we were always fighting, but when 2. What we expect that Christ will do for us: the missionaries brought us the word of Jesus Now that we are already on the path of salvation, there came love and peace, so that the tribes of what is now lacking is love among all the races the Ovimbundu became as one tribe, as we are toof the earth, so that white and black races may day here in Dondi. There are students from have one brotherhood. (John 15: 17.) And so if Bailundo, from Camundongo, from Chissamba all races have love one for another, they will be and Chilesso, from Chiyaka, from Galangue, from able to cooperate in things of the heart, because Hualondo Chilonda and other places, and we have our Leader, Jesus Chris~, goes before us and we all become brothers in Christ. shall all follow Him together in faith and will enter with Him into glory. (John 14: 1.) 2. Our hope is this, that God may help us now to enthrone Christ supreme in our Umbundu 3. What is lacking in Africa: The Word of God tribe. And that we who have already recognized is here, and there are some parts of the country Christ as the Living One who gives life, may which have believed, but they lack understanding carry to our comrades His word of salvation and of the Word of God and true faith in it. But grace.

3. There now remains to be done this, that with

one heart we pray to God, that even though we 1. In ancient days our forefathers knew indeed that there is a God, but they did not know what Ovimbundu have not yet made great progress, He was like. However, they named Him in all their big things. God's mercy is especially maniwe may yet be able to help together with our mis- fest in that He sent His own Son to bring us into His family. He has shown us God. He has desionaries to plan a way in which all of Africa livered us freely.

may be reached with the Gospel of Jesus and that 2. Our great hope is that God will enthrone Christ here. We ourselves cannot do this, but we may say, Lord, I am Thy servant; wherever our hope, set on God, is that Christ will reign supreme here. If He doesn't reign, we are as dead you send me, I will go. JOAO BATISTA. men. All true Christians look for Christ, that He will redeem His people from slavery. He alone 1. How Christ has helped the Umbundu tribe: is our hope. We can say that, even though other tribes have reason to give thanks for the help that Christ has 3. The things lacking in Africa are many: given them, our Umbundu tribe has greater reason for thankfulness. a. Those who have already believed should save others who are afar off and have not heard. a. Ever since ancient times we have been backward in everything; today because of Christ we b. All, missionaires and believers here, should have become able to come forward. be of one heart and mind to push forward the Word. b. Even our chiefs in olden times did not have knowledge of the best; today we have begun to c. We pray that God will send many more misknow the truth. sionaries to work among us. Many lands are quite untouched. All should be brought into the c. In olden times only the great and important fold of life; they are His sheep. people had joy and peace; today the Lord Jesus has brought joy to us all. JOAO KAPUKA CHITENDE.

2. What Christ can do for us in these days: 1. Christ has greatly helped our race. His sal- We pray this prayer, "Thy Kingdom come, Thy vation has come to us, hence the fear of death will be done in our country, in our hearts." We greatly desire that Christ may be made known, has been taken from us, even as He said, "He may be trusted, mllY be held in reverence and truly loved, and that we may no longer do our who believes on me shall not die any more." From own wills. ancient days the fear of death has been a night- 3. What yet remains to be done: a. That the missionaries and the Church should mare to our Umbundu family; today that fear work together, helping one another with one heart has gone. Christ has helped us too in that He and one mind. has brought us the blessing of being able to read b. We need love in order to spread abroad the Word of God to the many countries that lack the the Bible, and to write and to go ahead in things Gospel message. that help the body too. Our ancient chiefs, Katia- ALBERTO CANHANGA CATEMA.

1. The Word of Christ has greatly helped the vala and Ekongo, saw nothing of these things; Ovimbundu for originally we lacked cooperation. Now Christ has brought us the word of love with- we, their children, see them because of Christ. out stint. That love has bound us to Him and has taught us to help one another. Even those 2. Our hope is that our family will awake and who belong to another tribe we see are our brethren. will go ahead like other races. We know that 2. We trust Christ that He will stir up amongst Christ will do this for us because He has begun it. us Ovimbundu the desire to urge one another to go ahead and spread abroad His word among Looking back on what He has done gives us conthose who have never heard it. We trust that He will make us true workers for Him, helping, and fidence that He will continue to do it for us albeing helped by, our teachers from the foreign country. ways.

3. Here in Africa there is a lack of teachers 3. The greatest need of our country is that from abroad, as many lands have not the Gospel. Here in Angola untouched tribes are: Esele, the Word of God should be preached in all parts, Nyemba, Kuanyama, Luimbi, Gonzelo, Chilenge, Humbi, Luseke and many others. Let us work for there are many who as yet have never heard while there is light. it. Our prayer is that God will bless the churches RAUL KAMBISA MUKINDA. in the foreign country so that none will even think of reducing the number of missionaries who come here, but rather increase their numbers so that.

they and we may work together. Africa needs badly many teachers of the Word, also doctors.

The work is going forward rapidly now, but much remains to be done. We trust that God will put this thought into the hearts of the people in the foreign lands. ISRAEL C. CASSOMA.

A Converted Priest in Venezuela*

Transformed by the Power of God ELIECER FERNANDEZ was born and raised made director of the Sucre College and chaplain in the city of Cumana, the capital of the State of the town of Los Dos Caminos. He also held of Sucre, on the northern coast of Venezuela. conferences for the purpose of denouncing the This city has good federal schools and boasts of Protestants, edited two papers and a "Parish society and night life, and is quite a manufactur- Sheet," all dedicated to the destruction of the work ing town, as well as a busy seaport. His parents of the Gospel in Venezuela.

were Roman Catholics by birth, but as is generally Contending Against "Heretics" the case now in South America, neither went to church except on the great feast days. Being On the island of Margarita, just off the northern fairly well off financially, the parents sent Eliecer coast of Venezuela, Mr. and Mrs. Van V. Eddings, to the federal schools where he received a good the first resident Protestant missionaries had laid education. He studied also the Bible and philoso- the foundations and made plans for a chapel. In Puerto Fermin, a small fishing town on nthaetivceoabset~ phy and was altar boy in the Roman Church. this Gospel chapel had been built by the When he was fourteen years old, the Bishop lievers themselves, a native worker was in charge from Ciudad Bolivar visited Cumana and persuaded his parents to give Eliecer to the Church. and the work was spreading throughout the island. Thus, in blind faith he put on the black robes and became a "familiar" of the Bishop of Ciudad To this island came the young priest Fernandez, Bolivar. For two and a half years he was chaplain of the Cathedral Choir, where his work was then twenty-seven years old. Evidently news of so meritorious that he was then sent to Caracas and placed in the seminary by the Archbishop. He the Gospel work being done had reached the ears soon became head of the students and at twentyone years was ordained subdeacon. A year later of the bishops of Venezuela, for, after a conference the Nuncio (the Pope's personal representative) ordained him Deacon, and he showed such zeal at the capital, they made inquiry of Fernandez that when only twenty-three the Archbishop secured special permission from the Pope to ordain concerning the spread of Protestantism on the him as a priest. (The rule of the Roman Church does not permit ordination to the priesthood until island. As a result of his report they purchased the age of twenty-five.) for him, at the cost of some $720, the title of "Spe- At Caracas Fernandez won a scholarship in the Seminary at Rome, but he refused to go, because cial Missionary of the Holy See of Rome in Marhe could see no good resulting to other priests who had gone. His next office was that of Secretary garita against Protestantism." This title gave of the "Curia Arzobispal" (the Tribunal of the Church) which deals with the personal character him the privilege of speaking in any church on and reputation of the priests in all Venezuela, and thus he came to know personally all the priests of Margarita at any time and the priest made use of Rome in that country. He built the Church of Santa Rosa in Caracas and a chapel, "Capilla del ~t ze~lously, holding special services every night Carmen," and as a result was given a special two .years' course of lectures by the Archbishop and III dIfferent towns, warning against the deadly Nuncio, entirely devoted to opposition to Protestantism. The zealous priest began a vigorous min- heresy of Protestantism. Fernandez fired the peoistry against the Protestants, going first to Puerto Piritu, where he held conferences and built a ple with such hatred against the huneraentnicos~ntcheadt the chapel. Next in Miranda he founded a new par- Gospel services had to be held beish and was made Vicar of Ocumare del Tuy where he finished the church building and hind closed doors. With some one hundred and preached with such zeal that the Brethren missionaries from Caracas had to leave the town. fifty followers, he attacked the home of one of the The next year he was again called to Caracas and believers during a service, pelting the house with mud and stones. Being urged to more drastic steps by letters from his bishop, he decided to do away with everything Protestant in Margarita.

He had the Christians put in jail, forced them to work on the roads, carry his organ, bells, etc., in- cluding the images, as he went from place tkoepptlahcie~' taught the children to insult them and followers watching their every little act in order to find some cause for an attack.

Before the Protestants built their chapel in Puerto Fermin, the Roman priests had scarcely come to the town, but now Fernandez began to bu~ld a church there near the Gospel· Chape1.

PrIest Vasquez, vicar of the island and priest of "The Virgin of the Valley of the Holy Spirit"

(probably the best paying position in Venezuela) was made treasurer of the enterprise. One week the priest sent to the treasurer for money to pay • An article sent by a correspondent in Carupano. the men but the vicar claimed he had no money [535 ]

left in the treasury. Fernandez knew this could he immediately called together the eight men who not be true, so gave each workman an order on were his voluntary fellow-prisoners and swore be- the vicar for the amount due him. .These orders fore them that when he got out of jail he would were not honored and after much correspondence leave the Church of Rome, because she had failed between the priests and the bishop, the matter was to support him at this time. The remainder of his dropped, Fernandez deciding that it was simply a six weeks in jail were spent in reading the Bible personal grudge of the vicar. After the receipt of to the other men and writing twelve articles another letter from the bishop telling Fernandez against the infallibility of the pope and other Ro- that it was "now time to do away with Protestant- man doctrines.

ism on Margarita," the priest made plans to carry When taken ill, he was allowed to rent a house out his instructions literally if possible. Conse- in the town and stay there under guard. His fa- quently, on the fourth of July, 1921, aided by a ther came from Cumana to care for him and he company of people who had come from the adjoin- received many visitors, but absolutely refused to ing country to hear more about the errors of the see any priest or bishop. The bishop who had Gospel, he literally wrecked the little Gospel written him urging that the Protestants on the chapel, with clubs, picks, bars, etc., then set fire island be done away with, came to see him, but in to it, using every hymn book and Bible on the spite of his father's pleas, the priest refused to place. The little company of Christians fled to the see him. Soon after this he was at liberty and ac- hills where they spent the night. The next morn- cepted an invitation to spend a few weeks in a ing when Fernandez went to view the wreckage private home near Carupano, on the mainland.

he found a woman with the large pulpit Bible One year before the burning of the chapel on Mar- which had escaped the flames because of its heavy garita, the Orinoco River Mission had been estab- covers. She was just starting to burn it, but he lished, with headquarters in Carupano. Fernan- stopped her, saying that he wished to keep it as a dez was expecting to rest while in San Jose and remembrance of the occasion, and took it home, to consider the steps necessary for leaving the carelessly throwing it on the table where he kept priesthood. He was urged to serve the people as his writing materials. priest and did so, though he continued reading the Much to the surprise and chagrin of the young Bible and renounced alI" his titles. He visited his fanatic, about ten o'clock that morning special parents, informing them that he was going to take police came down from Asuncion to take him to off his robes and three times visited Rev. Van V.

jail. The people protested and would have mobbed Eddings, Director of the Orinoco River Mission, the police for taking the "padrecito" to j ail, but at Carupano. One afternoon Mr. Fernandez Fernandez quieted them with a word and accom- walked out of his house without his robes. Soon panied by eight men who volunteered to share his this was known all over the country. After this bonds started on the long, hot walk to Asuncion. he visited the mission at Carupano more fre- When they were quartered in the jail, Fernandez quently, even testifying in the Protestant pulpit realized that his stay might be prolonged so sent that he had left the Church of Rome because of its for the books on his table with the paper and ink. corruptness and was looking for the Way of sal- When the books came, with them was the pulpit vation. God was speaking to him but the priest Bible from the little Gospel chapel. He threw it was not yet truly converted.

into the corner and there it lay for two days. He Excommunicated called two lawyers to work on his case, but had no funds to pay them, so sent them to the Vicar Vas- Then followed a year of unrest, sorrow and sin- quez, who again refused him any funds. That fulliving. Upon refusing to return to the priest- afternoon, Fernandez sighted the Bible and began hood, he was excommunicated from the Church of out of curiosity to read it. Inside was a tract with Rome and banished from the State of Sucre for a list of Roman customs and practices, opposite one year. He went to a distant town, rented a each the Bible reference refuting it. After read- little house, furnished with three empty boxes, a'

ing and studying these for a few hours, he again native hammock and a Bible. He began to prac- threw the Bible down, but was rather frightened, tice law, living meanwhile illegally with a young for he now had his first doubts of the infallibility girl whom he could not marry because of the law of his Church. The lawyers returned with the forbidding a priest to marry. The girl died there report that the vicar had again refused to help and soon afterward Fernandez was allowed to re~ him but that the people of Fernandez' parish had turn home where he stayed for some months. Ac- paid the $120 necessary to start his defense. This cepting an opportunity to go to Trinidad, he found did not make the priest feel any too grateful to- employment in a department store, living mean- wards Rome. In this frame of mind he again read while a very worldly life. Some months later he the Bible, this time about the conversion of Saul was legally married to the sister-in-law of one of of Tarsus. Such was the effect upon his mind that the partners of the firm, a well educated woman

A CONVERTED PRIEST IN VENEZUELA

of much finer type than most Venezuelan women, of those listening went to the "society" with a rewhose father is an Englishman and mother a Ven- port that he had insulted them and had told what ezuelan. The young couple became constant read- they had confessed to him while a priest. The City ers of the Bible and soon gave evidence of changed Council took up the question and some wanted to arrest him but the Lord raised up two friends, lives. lawyers, who told the Council that they did not Later Mr. Eddings received a letter from Mr. believe he had told anything personal. Finally a committee went to the capital of the state and Fernandez, stating that he was assured of the tried to influence the governor with the help of the truth of the Gospel and wanted to return to those bishop. The governor would not listen to them. whom he once persecuted and reviled, in order Almighty God intervened in answer to prayer, or that he might preach the truth to them. Of his Satan would have caused serious trouble. own accord the expriest had given up drink, smoking, theater-going and spent all his spare time In due time both Mr. and Mrs. Fernandez were studying the Word of God. Broken by God's love, baptized. He began to preach in some of the they were truly saved by His grace, through faith small towns around Carupano. One night he in Jesus Christ. For months they studied dili- spoke in Playa Grande and some of the more fagently and through every testing time, proved natical men formed a committee and came to their real change of life and heart. Carupano, lodging a formal complaint against Fernandez. This resulted in two opportunities to Finally, without any promise of support or help, give the Gospel to those in high places. Mr. Fergiving up a good position, leaving friends and nandez demanded that his accusers meet him face relatives, Mr. and Mrs. Fernandez went to Caru- to face and again he was cleared of guilt and gave pano, to take up more definite study in order to be a powerful testimony. He knew the law better prepared for Christian service. They are living than those who were against him, and parted comin part of the mission home at Carupano, helping pany with them having made friends. in the daily work of the mission, and proving to all their changed hearts and lives. Mr. Fernandez Mr. Fernandez had continued his studies and is took charge of the day school and is making good a very energetic Christian, able to enthuse Chrisprogress with his young pupils, who otherwise tians to greater efforts for the Master. He has would have nQ opportunity for education. given many proofs of his desire to do the Lord's will and has been used for the spread of the King- The people of the town soon knew that Mr. dom. In September, 1927, they went to Piritu, in Fernandez was there at the mission and the next the State of Anzoategui, for a month's vacation. evening the chapel was crowded and the doorways While there he held several services, in one of packed with people. The midweek services were them there were 42 of his relatives present. Upon also well attended. He spoke to a respectful audi- their return they were stationed at Margarita, on ence and told in very simple language the story of the Gulf of Cariaco, to take up the work and build how God had touched his heart and of his deter- up a church. mination to follow Christ. Dangers lurk on every side, ready to attack this The following week he spoke of the evil pre- fearless follower of our Lord and Saviour Jesus vailing in society. He told how some of the "best" Christ. This man is a challenge to every praying people of Carupano used to come to him in the Christian. We must surround him and his faithconfessional, invited him to their banquets, and ful wife with a wall of prayer that nothing and no considered him almost a demigod, while all the one may hinder his public testimony and ministry time his priestly robes covered a multitude of sins. when the time is ripe for him to go forth with the Now that he had taken off the gown, and with it blessed Gospel of our Lord and Saviour Jesus had discarded the old life of hypocrisy, lying, evil Christ, throughout Venezuela, where he once deeds, many of those same people were calling helped to keep the people blinded and ignorant. him sin verguenza (without shame), almost the worst name that can be applied in Spanish. Some AN AFRICAN MESSAGE TO AMERICAN YOUTH An African woman in the Congo-BeIge sent this message to the youth of America: "Tell the young people of America that they came in the past and awakened our sleeping souls. Tell them we have peace but we also have unrest – unrest because multitudes of our people are lost. Tell the young people of America to come, not cringing and hopeless. Tell them to come without clouds in their eyes. Tell them to come looking at the light that is on the face of Jesus Christ and knowing how to laugh at impossibilities in His name."-Dawn.

and Christianity in Africa

By the REV. SAMUEL M. ZWEMER, D.D., Professor of Missions and the History of Religion t~o.- in Princeton Theological Seminary SOUTH AFRICA is the land of an established one dating from 622.A. D. and one from the birth Christian Church; Central Africa of an in- of our Saviour. Outside of Khartum, in the vast digenous church won from paganism; North Sudan, Islam still seems to be chiefly a veneer, and Africa has well been called the "land of the van- the Negro blood carries with it a characteristic ished church." Here is where Islam devastated jovial friendship and responsiveness to approach; the heritage of Christ and swept like a sirocco blast from the Nile to the Atlantic, wiping out churches-whose memory lingers in the names of Augustine, Cyprian and Tertullian.

Our Saviour found refuge in Egypt in his early childhood, and at the last an African from Cyrene bore His cross to Golgotha. But the work of the early Church is now only a memory. That Church disappeared for three reasons: The Scriptures were never given to the great Berber nation in their own tongue; the missionary spirit grad- RlLIGlOl,:S Cor-:Qlf….. r ually faded away; and the Church itself ceased to be truly indigenous and became dominated by _ l.ont" IJr ' I"N1mm.:tbn Con1)Oltd;uiun Greek and Latin theologians. Therefore it declined; at last the Moslem invasion of the seventh _ _ l.onl of ~I()hammedan Ad".lnc.: _ ' ….n" o{ ChrbtLlII AJv;mn."

_ "..II(":(,'Chri)t~lnt:lJo",,lIJ.tn..,"

century destroyed it. The Coptic Church of Egypt AFRICA which gave the people the Bible survives to this day. For twelve long centuries three religions .~h J<IC ~prno:nI' ~ !''''''UU1lI have struggled for the mastery in the Dark Con- oll"""n ""film h;i'm~ In ~…dtlh.r … :tl 1._10: .lno,' .omcriQn. Europr•• n.

.w_" ." "h".. Sc''l"h .-fri.,.", 1 • tinent. Three types of culture have striven for its inhabitants. THE RELIGIOU.S ADVANCE IN AFRICA The great Sudan is an example. Islam, Chris- North Africa-Moslem Consolidation; North Central-Moslem Ad- vance; South Central-Christian Advance ; South Africa-Christian tianity, and Paganism, and three races – the Consolidation. Dots represent Protestant missionary residences. Egypto-Arabian, the Sudanese, and the British- here have to live in harmony. Addressing a meet- but in Khartum and Omdurman Islam is stiffening of Arab notables in Omdurman at a tea-party ing and deepening its grip on the people. in the American Mission garden in 1926, I quoted Al Mutannabi's well-known lines: What is true of Northern Africa is, alas, true also south of the Sahara. Islam is everywhere I am known to the night and the wind and the steed, active. In Dahomey, on the West Coast, there are To the sword and the guest, to the paper and reed, no less than one hundred and fifty-four Koran schools, and Islam is rapidly winning its way and and added that these lines summarize the recent strengthening its grip. In Ethiopia the Gallas history of the Sudan: the night of pagan igno- and some other tribes have become Moslem and rance, the coming of the swift cavalry of the the inferior strata of the population seem more Arabian conquerors, the fire and sword of the and more ready to adopt the cult of the prophet.

Mahdi and his Khalifa, and finally the British Concerning the -province of Jimma Abagifar in "guests" with their new administration. Khartum Southern Ethiopia, Dr. T. A. Lambie wrote a few offers, as many another center in Africa, the con- years ago: "I saw something there that I never trast of two religions, that of the mosque and of heard of, namely, the Mohammedans sending out the church, of the Crescent and of the Cross, the actual mission colonies to the heathen Gallas."

standards of the prophet of Mecca and of our The conquest of Ethiopia by Italy has worked Saviour Jesus Christ. The city has two calendars, ill for the cause of Christian missions, for the new [538 ] rulers have given special legal privileges to Islam wholeheartedly by us. In compliance with this Declaraeverywhere. Arabic has been declared the official tion we solemnly sacrifice all our properties, real and perlanguage in Harar Province and schools and sonal, of whatever nature, even to the last penny in the mosques are being built in the chief centers, and cause of Ahmadiyyat. We further offer all our earthly special treaty rights given. connections, i. e., our dear wives, parents, children, male and female, our body and its life-blood, our honor and From Zanzibar, on the East Coast, the mission- above all our very souls, in the same holy cause. aries report a revival of active Moslem propaganda, enforced by many newcomers from Cairo From Southern Nigeria the Rev. L. C. Hickin writes (March, 1935) : AFRICANS READING THE MOSLEM OUTLOOK It comes as a real shock to hear that after eighty years of missionary effort Islam is still making headway in the south. It is to a certain extent accounted for by the activity of the Ahmadiya movement. They have copied our institutions and adopted much of our terminology.

The central mosque as Lagos is known as the "Cathe- dral" mosque (an indication of the way in which the building of our Cathedral has struck the African imagina- tion); it has a choir and "choir practices" take place on certain nights of the week just as at the Cathedral. A good example of this imitation of our methods is furnished uy the following notice taken from the Nigerian Daily Times of November 3, 1934: "In commemoration of the Lailatul-Israi-wal-Miraj, the Zumratul-Islamiyyah will hold a watchnight service at the Wasinmi Mosque tomorrow, Sunday, when Brother Abdul Ganiyi LawaI will deliver a lecture on the occasion, under the chairmanship of Mr. Alimi Baruwa, supported by notable Muslim savants and gentlemen. In continuation of the celebration, the Society will hold Revival Meetings . . . and The Clarion-Call of Islam will be the subject of the lecture at each centre."

who are trying to rouse the somewhat lethargic According to Dr. Julius Richter, Islam is pene- Mohammedans of Zanzibar into greater activity. trating with blighting influence through Tangan- In Liberia, on the West, the Government reports yika into the heart of Africa. Two millions of the that the Mohammedan Negroes are steadily pene- population are already nominally Moslems, "they trating into the hinterland. They cut down the represent an advancing host intent on occupying forests and take possession little by little, driving all the main roads and the main areas of the Terthe forest dwellers toward the interior. But espe- ritory." cially in the vast Anglo-Egyptian and the French Sudan, in Northern Nigeria and in West Africa, North Africa is now a highway to the Sudan Islam is the great problem. and motor traffic crosses the Sahara. The Niger valley, like that of the Nile and of the Shari, is We must turn to statistics to realize the serious- already an open road for the advance of Islam. ness of the situation. A recent study made by Only in Uganda and in Nyasaland are there ef- Monsieur A. Corman for the Bulletin de l'Union fective barriers for the continued spread of Islam Missionaire du Clerge Belge (July, 1936) gives in central Africa. There native Christian schools the total Moslem population of all Africa as fifty- have blocked its penetration. three millions, of which twenty-three millions belong to the Bantu races of what is generally con- The actual statistical situation can be studied in the accompanying table. But it is more imporsidered pagan Africa. That is, 34 % of the total tant to arouse the Church to the dynamic situa- tion. There are three factors that require empopulation of Africa is Mohammedan. In French phasis: West Africa alone, according to recent reports (June, 1936), there are 7,583 Koran schools w.ith 1. Islam has a carefully prepared program for the religious education of all Africa that has m59~v3e7m8epnutpsilusp. poOrntedthbeyGIonlddiaCnoMasotstlheme sAihsmalaadrlmya- never been investigated by a Phelps-St.okes Com- mission. At the important Le Zoute Conference ingly active. A remarkable letter appeared in only Pagan Africa had the right of way on the The Sunrise (August, 1936) written by a group program. In the popular mission study of Negroof new converts from Ashanti: Africa the textbooks generally ignore this factor. Yet to one who visits Khartum, Omdurman, Kano, We the undermentioned members of the Ahmadiyya Timbucktu, Capetown, or Johannesburg, it is clear community of Kumasi (Ashanti) do faithfully promise as the day that Islam is on trek into the Bantuand declare on our own accord that the great message speaking world. The Arabic-speaking area of the brought to us at Kumasi today from our Master, Hazrat Khalifatulmasih in India, through his accredited representative Alhaj Maulvi Nazir Ahmad, has been accepted

continent is expanding from the northeast toward always includes the Arabic speech and letters, the southwest. One is startled to learn that the which are spreading today in Africa. In Cape- base of this movement includes twelve countries town the Arabic character is used to print a Dutch where over ninety per cent of the population is (Afrikaans) commentary on the Koran!

Moslem: Morocco, Tunisia, Rio de Oro, Egypt, Islam's Advantages Libya, Tripoli, Mauritania, Zanzibar and British, French and Italian Somaliland. In these lands III. Islam has advantages because it offers the Islamic culture is dominant. Islamic ideals in- African entmnce into an exclusive cosmopolitan spire youth. The Koran has its way in primary brotherhood. education. In seven other countries fifty per cent The cosmopolitan character of the Islamic of the people are Moslem, namely, Algeria,Sene- brotherhood in Africa is emphasized by the use gal, Guinea, the Niger province, Northern Ni- of the same character in writing and the same geria, the Chad-district and Eritrea; while four speech in prayer and public worship. The wooden countries count over thirty-three per cent Moslem. slates in the hands of children at Fez, Timbuctu, The total Christian population of Africa both Mponda, Zanzibar,. Lagos, and Capetown, have Catholic and Protestant including Europeans, is the same copy and the same script: "Bismillahi- not over eleven million.* From these statistics ar-rahman-ar-rahim."

one can see that Moslem religious education, which Religious pride is the strength of Islam in begins with early childhood, has numerical advan- Africa, while racial pride is the peculiar weakness tage over the mission school. of Christianity in Africa. On these two state- II. The Arabic alphabet and language are still ments one could hang all the chapters of recent the vehicles of Islam in Africa. Louis Massignon religious unrest in the Dark Continent.

of the College de France points out that the so- The Mohammedan who witnesses for Islam has called close connection between "arabization and certain apparent advantages over the messenger islamization" is a false inference. The centers of of the Cross. He is in most cases a native of propaganda today in the world of Islam are in Africa and understands the language and habits non-Arabic-speaking lands. The Arab world is of its peoples. The ethnical gulf is not wide; and not exclusively Moslem, nor is the Moslem world the ethical gulf not deep. A government official specifically Arabic. Nevertheless, he admits that in Nigeria points out how the social ideals of in Africa, Arab influence is predominantly Mos- Islam help in winning native races to the accept- lem. And Cairo remains the center of this reli- ance of this new faith: gious propaganda. A letter just received states Polygamy has always been a rock, the wrecking rock, in that "eight of the best Arabic books published last the path of Christianity's advance amongst the native year were biographies of Mohammed and that the races in Africa. The pagans are polygamous, the Mohambroadcasting station of Cairo gives Koran selec- medans are polygamous, everybody accepts polygamy, entions twice a day and thrice on Sunday. Two dorses polygamy, practices polygamy-everybody, that is, thousand nominal Christians embraced Islam last except the Christians. year." The Moslem press was never more active and virulent toward Christianity in spite of its There are certain respects, indeed, in which own dissensions and disputes. Islam is a far better creed than Animism. Those who embrace its teaching make one great bound Tourists in Cairo seldom wander to what may forward and upward fr·om idolatry and its dark be called "Paternoster Row," the booksellers' degradation into the light of Islamic theism. In quarters. Here, near the Azhar University, piled some parts of Africa Islam has suppressed canhigh, you may see huge parcels of Arabic books nibalism and human sacrifice; it has removed addressed to Kordofan, Timbuctu, Capetown, some of the coarser features of priestcraft and Zanzibar, Sierra Leone, Mombasa, Madagascar. witchcraft. It has professed to enforce abstinence Islam pours out literature and extends the area of from strong drink and has generally succeeded. Arabic-literates every year! It has taught the sinfulness of gambling. It has inculcated the three positive duties of formal While at Zomba in Nyasaland, in 1925, I walked prayer, fasting, and almsgiving. some miles through the jungle to a Moslem village where I was expected to make an address through But on the negative side it produces a religious a Christian interpreter who spoke Yao. On ar- pride and arrogance that is characteristic of this rival, the courtyard before the mosque was faith everywhere. It has tolerated and encour.: crowded. I received a warm welcome, but never aged human slavery and worst of all by its theory used my Christian interpreter. The Imam and his and practice it has degraded womanhood. It also son had been to Mecca, spoke perfect Arabic, and gives a distorted view of Jesus and of Christianinterpreted for me into Yao. Islamic civilization ity. There is no hope for Africa in Islam; which is always a barrier and not a stepping stone to the • For detail see Zwemer's Across the World of Islam, pp. 188, 189. . Gospel message.

ISLAM AND CHRISTIANITY IN AFRICA TODAY

But today Christianity is gaining strength in A MOSLE"M MOSQUE" IN CAPE"TOWN every part of Africa. Islam is losing its former prestige and power; it no longer has the support Country Total Percentof Colonial governments it once had. Moreover Population Moslems age Islam only spreads but Christianity penetrates. French Guinea ……. . It creates new life and a new literature. Ivory Coast ………. . 2,095,988 1,600,000 70 Dahomey …………. . 1,724,545 The question is how can we develop a strong Haute Volta ………. . 189,699 11 Christian church on the border-marches of Islam? French Nigeria ……. . 979,609 Such a Church, indigenous to the soil, independent Liberia ………….. . 3,018,191 70,000 7 in its soul and awake to the call for immediate Gold Coast ……….. . 1,220,000 evangelism, would be irresistible. The Christian Togo ……………. . 1,700,000 444,000 15 Church of African birth already numbers nearly North Nigeria …….. . 1,500,000 four million and has peculiar qualities adapted to South Nigeria …….. . 1,032,000 952,000 78 this great task. What it needs is leadership. This Camerun …………. . 9,000,000 is especially true of the Coptic Christians. Oubangi-Chari …….. . 7,858,689 200,000 11 Among the special endowments of the Negro race Chad ……………. . 2,530,000 are a lively sense of God's personality and the ob- Nyasaland ……….. . 75,000 5 jective character of His manifestations; strong Union of South Africa 606,644 emotional experience; musical talent and the ex- Mozambique ………. . 1,271,371 30,000 3 pression of religion in song; social capacity and Madagascar ………. . • 1,218,238 sympathy; and an appreciation of authority. Reunion Island ……. . 5,973,394 Mauritius ………… . 3,120,000 If the Christian Church in Africa could be ZanziiJar …………. . 3,545,575 aroused to use these gifts in its present opportu- Tanganyika ………. . nity; be healed of its needless divisions (e. g., in Uganda ………….. . 173,000 South Africa); present a united front and pro- Kenya .. .. …. … …. . 385,000 claim a living Saviour, she would carry victory Italian Somaliland …. . 199,462 everywhere. Already ninety per cent of the edu- British Somaliland …. . 4,000,000 cational program for Africa south of the Sahara French Somaliland …. . 3,318,271 Eritrea ………….. . 2,500,000 IS in missionary hands. Every school produces Abyssinia ………… . 350,000 300,000 new readers; and they are all taught to read in 210,000 their own tongues the Book which is "as a hammer 406,000 and as a fire" to break down superstition and 8,000,000 kindle the flame of a new and purer life. The missionaries in Africa, and not Moslem dervishes, are laying the foundations of a literary education for the Negro races. In the schools of the Protestant missions in Africa there are nearly a million pupils – Christian, Pagan, Moslem children.

We must bring this glory and honor of all Africa into the New Jerusalem – the City of God.

5,855,000 64 Islam in Africa* 1,940,000 25 500,000 25 Total 25,000 5 Population country Percent- 920,000 72 6,063,496 Moslems age Algeria ………….. . 2,159,708 160,000 10 Tunisia …. . ……… . 4,750,000 5,174,872 82 Morocco ………….. . 1,932,184 93 45,842 1 Rio de Oro … …….. . 50,000 4,607,500 97 Egypt …………… . 14,186,898 60,000 2 Anglo-Egyptian Sudan . 50,000 100 Tripoli ………….. . 6,469,041 11,658,148 91 669,200 18 Barqa …………… . 569,093 Senussi Emirat ……. . 255,000 2,800,000 40 3,000 2 Mauritania ……….. . 20,000 553,081 91 Senegal ………….. . 261,000 252,450 99 44,955 11 French Sudan …….. . 20,000 100 1,318,287 254,000 99 199,462 100 2,737,119 915,000 68 684,280 25 400,000 10 600,000 20 1,000,000 40 350,000 100 300,000 . 100 210,000 100 • The following statistical summary is based on the best avail- 261,000 64 able sources. E"specially the Statesman's Year-Book and the "Anllualre du Monde Musulman" by Louis Ma88ignon, 1925 (E"rnest 3,000,000 37 Leroux, Paris) . The natural Increase of the population during the past ten years would make the total for all Africa over fifty-two 106,075,574 49,005,673 45 millions.

Ways of

'rested Methods for Increasing Interest at Home s. EDITED BY MRS. ESTELLA AITCHISON, GRANVILLE, OHIO ~,=,=============I~ AUTUMN GLEANINGS mated conversation about their ex- asking them to pick out all that per- periences on the field. Upon leaving tains to Africa – jewelry, automobile A tiny methods suggestion the train at Vacationland, strips of tires, dyes, ivory toilet articles and will often set your mind to work- items to be guessed are tacked on innumerable other items. ing to better purpose than a well rounded plan could do. Glance trees and shrubs, those guessing the Hold a combination home and forthrough these gleanings from greatest number aright being privi- eign meeting in which you consider many sources and find some- leged to sit in the Pullman section on "Africa in Africa and in America," thing which meets your mission the way oack. A variety of other feagroup's needs: showing how if you take "me" out of tures may be added. "America for Christ" you have "Af- List the new people in the autumn congregation. Invite them to your During the social period of a meet- rica for Christ" left. home for a "hobby party." After each tells what her pet avocation is, state ing, use African sayings as proverbs Sell "A Cure for the Blues" in pill that you have a friend whose hobby (see "Congo Crosses" for suitable or powder boxes, pricing them at $1.00 is missions and that you have asked quotations), shaking them out of a each and vending the wares either her to speak on the theme for a few among extension members (shut-ins minutes. Then reap a little harvest round box. of members for a missionary organization. One worker who tried this Have we any superstitions like those for various reasons) or at a public organized a young woman's mission- benighted Africans? Ask your audi- meeting. If the latter, have boxes ary society at the close. ence and hear their bombardment- opened simultaneously, but for the black cats, Friday, the thirteenth of former advise that they be not opened A unique birthday celebration is the month, throwing salt in the fire until an attack comes on. Sample furnished by having each member of after a "spill," seeing the new moon powder: "When you find yourself the missionary society bring in a new over the right shoulder, sitting 13 at getting blue, something for somebody member on her own birthday. As a else go do." In the open meeting, the wind-up, hold a birthday festival at table, etc., etc. leader announces after the opening, which such old members bring their new recruits and sit with them during Ask your librarian to let you consult "Now you are all cured of your 'blues.' an appropriate celebration. the National Geographic Magazine Here is a project list to choose your Don't allow offioes to become heredi- for June and July, 1935, when pre- work from." One organization netted tary. The speaker thus admonishing paring this year's foreign programs. $24.00 this way and doubtless hartold of a missionary society in which vested a goodly amount of fresh enan annual function was held wherein The numbers are full of maps and deavor besides. each officer had a candle lighted for pictures of Africa. everyone of her years of incumbency. (All the foregoing suggestions were One officer proudly stood in the glow Play the game of Who's Who, using of 35 candles! There was nothing in the names of Livingstone, Schweitzer, taken from methods .talks by Mrs. H. this organization for the younger etc., as found in current study books. M. Le Sourd at the Lakeside, Ohio, members to do. Death finally removed "Where's Where" may utilize geo- conference of Methodist Episcopal forthe president, but nothing ~uld re- graphical queries as, for instance, eign mission women of the Cincinnati move the others! "Lord, teach us to where is the only piece of African district.) resign !" land not held under a protectorate? The Men's Council of the Mondamin The late Mrs. Katherine Cronk said she had learned not to pray for more (Liberia.) "What's What" may deal Christian church, Des Moines, Iowa, is strength but for the ability to put 10 other people to work. with a 1936 model of something. A now three years old and has a mem- For a July meeting hold a train man and a woman may give a skit in bership of 60 men. It is divided into party for those who did not go away for a vacation. Arrange chairs with which the former says he is "not in- three sections, each of which holds a an aisle through the middle as in a railroad coach. Have missionary terested in missions." She may reply chapter meeting monthly. These men questions written on baggage or wrap checks. A fruit boy goes through the ruling out of his life all that comes cooperate with the Women's Council train, also a newsboy handling missionary magazines and other litera- from Africa, as material or finished in sponsoring an annual school of misture. Impersonators of missionaries sit as passengers and engage in ani- product-and he thus loses his tooth- sions. The men support home mis- brush, the piano keys, his auto which sion projects and have a budget for cannot run without rubber tires, his general missions. A similar Men's ring which containR hoth gold and a Council exists in the Osceola Christian diamond, his much-loved breakfast church at Osceola, Iowa. It holds cocoa and a hundred other items. monthly missionary meetings and sup- This is sure to affect the future mis- ports its definite piece of work on a sionary outlook. "How's How" may mission field. It was organized less deal with material on page 89 in "How than a year ago and has 20 members.

to Use" (booklet giving teaching- Thus are "the brethren" invading points for "Congo Crosses") – how some of the last territory formerly would you travel? etc. allocated to women!

"The Finding-Out Box," by Kath- "Sphinx" is the new game being erine Cronk, while written especially featured this year by northern Bap- for children, will give valuable ma- terial for the suggested skit. tists to combine missionary informa- tion and interest with entertainment Have a Newspaper Party, distrib- around the fireside, for Sunday after- uting newspapers to the members and noons at home, for Sunday school [542 ]

EFFECTIVE WAYS OF WORKING

classes, young people's groups, schools brought from the lawn of each signed their responsibilities and of missions, ch arch socials, men's classes, women's circles-yes, and pas- home represented among the 25 spent several weeks in study for tors' conferences! Someone chosen as their parts. Two girls in costhe Reader first reads aloud very children and five teachers, to tume met the guests as they ar- these being added soil contribu- slowly a list of 52 questions so that all tions from Sugar Loaf-a prom- rived: two others told stories to others – known as Listeners – will know beforehand what they are ex- inent hill often used in cere- show customs of the land and pected to remember. Next the Reader monials and local gatherings, the help Christianity has brought gives a booklet, "Developing Africa's from several of the Denison to them: a demonstration Chi- Riches in Christ" clearly and delib- University fraternity houses and nese school was conducted to the erately, this requiring 21 minutes. Sheets of the questions are then dis- from the grade school attended amusement of all present: Chitributed among the Listeners and they by the children. There were fill out all the answers they can in 10 further imbedded with the roots nese games were supervised by another pair of girls, while the minutes, each working independently. a clam shell from Rhode Island, remainder of the group served On the check-up, each one making 50 bits of granite from Massachu- the "tea" (chocolate milk in tea points is counted a Good Listener. A score ranging from 50 to 75 points is setts, a Texas centenary stamp, cups) and puffed rice balls. This marked "A Very Good Listener." shell money and a stamp from work has thrilled the girls and Over 75 points is counted "An Excep- the Belgian Congo, Africa, a bit I am sure their interest in the tional Listener." Figures in paran- of writing from India, a letter rest of the world is more pertheses after each question indicate the from Burma, stones from East sonal than it would have been in number of points to be awarded for and West China and tiny pieces a more formal method of study. correct answers. The questions cover of pottery from Mexico. Then the continent, the region in which the planting was consummated. MRS. H. E. BLOUGH. Baptists are working, the specific Though others will call it a for- Clear Lake, Iowa. missions, evangelism, education, med- sythia bush, the children will alical work, personnel and general in- FROM OUR LIBRARY formation. Booklet, question and an- ways refer to it as "Our World swer sheets may be obtained from The TABLE Woman's American Baptist Foreign Friendship Tree." See America First (Home Mission Mission Society or the American Bap- MRS. HELEN LEACH, tist Foreign Mission Society, 152 Madison Ave., New York City, for 5 Junior Superintendent. study): Sketch or cut out picture of cents to cover mailing. young woman seated in comfortable Lesson outlines on "Consider Af- A PLAN FOR INTER- chair reading a book. Print: "Travrica," as taught by their author at a MEDIATES eling via Arm-Chair De luxe at (time, Leadership Training Class at the date, place)." Draw map of states Winona Summer School of Missions A group of intermediate girls included in territory under consideramay be obtained from Mrs. Garret have been studying world fellow- tion. Print: "Come, Clasp Hands Hondelink, 417 Alexander St., Roch- ship indirectly. Meeting twice a with Some of Our Home Missionester, N. Y. Price, 10 cents plus 6 month they prepare handwork aries," adding place and date, this to cents for postage. These outlines for the primary classes, have be under large sketch of hands cover appropriate Scripture, clear demonstration lessons of meth- clasped across the map. analyses of the text, devices such as ods in primary teaching and do "check tests," "opinion tests," "true individual research w 0 r k in In the program, aim to get across and false tests," etc., and assignments world fellowship. The latter the spirit of the theme as well as the such as: Who has gained the most consists of projects, individually subject matter. Put over to those who from Africo-Western relations – the and as a group. During vaca- are to take part that they are taking black or the white man? Prove your tion Bible school a map of our a trip "staying at home." '" Make point. missionary fields was placed on seven books any size out of paste- the bulletin board with "The board. Paste between covers extra Do the happiness and well being of Hope of the World" mounted pages for pictures of scenes and mis- Africa mean anything to the rest of sionaries. U sing black ink, print the world? "See America First" on all of them in as large type as the size will allow. What can we do to help solve the Have girls prepare to give biographindustrial problem in Africa? ical sketches in their own words.

What effect if any will our dealings The setting is simple. A large slipwith Africa have on the attitude of above it. As the girls told stories covered chair from home or a big one Asia toward Christianity? from the church platform, covered Is education a blessing or a curse of the various fields they placed with a sheet or any gay, cool material representative pictures around will do. On a small table by the chair to the African. the map. It now stands to keep have pitcher of ice' water or lemonade. What kind of education does he the children interested in the A foot stool completes the furnishings. world children they met in the You may have enough chairs to go need? stories. around and let the girls stay in com- fort instead of leaving them when AN ADVENTURE IN A Chinese party was the through talking. Use large map and HORTICULTURE largest group project. The invi- point out places as they are men- tations were written on a piece tioned. Have enough reserve lemonade A "Friendship Tree" was to go around after the program.

planted last spring on the parish of paper folded and cut to repre- Devotional may be on "Christ the house lawn at the Baptist church sent a Chinese tea cup. The Missionary," as follows: in Granville, Ohio, this being the outside cover was decorated with First girl says "Christ was a misclimax of a year's mission study Chinese characters and the in- sionary to the poor when he opened the eyes of the blind beggar." Second by the juniors of the Sunday side contained the invitation in girl reads John 9: 1-7. First girl: school. A bag of dirt was jingle form. The girls were as- "Christ was a city missionary when

he taught in Samaria." Second girl the salvation of our countrymen-yes, the Burlington District in the Iowareads John 4: 39-42. First girl: "Christ was a missionary to the rich for the whole world. Des Moines conference. Its topics when he opened the spiritual eyes of Zaccheus." Second girl reads Luke Tonight we resume our journey were developed under the heads of "A 19: 1-10. First girl: "Christ was a through Home Mission fields by way Look at Ourselves," "Our Work," missionary on the cross to the robber of the arm chair, knowing that intiand his last commission was the Mis- mate stories of the missionarv friends "Our Purse," "Our Youth," "A Look sionary Commission." Second girl can be found on the page of a book Together," and "A Backward Look reads Mat. 28: 19, 20. Prayer for when to unearth them on a hurried missionary zeal. visit would be impossible. We shall for Forward Thinking." A pene- meet three of these friends and trating "Look at Our Embarrassing Leader introduces topic by remarks glimpse their fields. on interest of Americans in travel; Heritage" was taken by the local pasthe large number of Christian tourists Girls enter as before, one bearing girdling the world for and with God, tor. The session closed with the disstill others having been equally zeal- trict superintendent's message, "Look ous in their globe trotting; a majority, however, resorting to the very to the Light." pleasant method of arm-chair traveling. Advantages of this method- book on "Cuba, Island Queen," in simple, easy dress, a footstool, accessibility to cooling lemonade simply by orange ink, another with "OF Man MOTIVES OUTRANK raising one's arm to a tall pitcher River and the Chinese," in yellow ink. METHODS (pours sip of lemonade), ease with which mind can embellish details and the third with the name of a noted where fancy wishes, etc. Therefore we shall visit some of our Home Mis- itinerant missionary preacher and or- There are many missionary sion fields from inviting depths of the ganizer of Sunday schools. methods and many minor moslip-covered arm chair. tives, but there is only one su- Leader sums up the high lights of First speaker enters here carrying the journey and asks girls to pray for cardboard book with subtitle, "Indian the work and the workers to which the preme and compelling mission- Reservations" (or any desired desig- journeys have introduced them. nation) printed in red ink. Settles ary motive-the dynamic wantherself in chair, opens book and -Adapted from "The Window speaks, turning its pages as she pro- of Y. W. A.," August issue. ing which all else is vain. The gresses, as if actually reading. Gives thing that has most impressed colorful, informal sketch in tourist terms (as in a diary or travel note- Through Eye-Gate. It is note- me in the widespread discussion book) of journey through fields in worthy how much of the plat- of the future and predicted fate which her denomination has mission form work is now being done by of foreign missions is the failure work. Seems to see illustrations as means of demonstrations, vis- to mention the basic missionary the "reading" progresses. "Now if I ualizations and picturesque, motive upon which the whole were traveling in the West in any imaginative imagery. The fol- enterprise depends. We have other manner than Arm-Chair De luxe lowing glimpses taken from the been told repeatedly that the pro- I should not have had this detailed gram and policies of foreign misstory about so-and-so." summer and September numbers of "Woman's Home Missions" sions must be radically recon- Second speaker comes in with book will enable others still devoted structed if the enterprise is to whose subtitle is "Leading Sights in to the "call- a – spade – a – spade" French Louisiana," in purple ink. method to shape up their presen- survive and succeed. The mass Similarly sips lemonade and tells her tations more attractively: of critical opinion, much of it story. pessimistic in tone, has caused At a North Carolina meeting the de- no little disturbance of mind and In like manner as many "books." partment secretaries presented all reeach titled in appropriate color of ink, ports in demonstration form, closing loss of confidence on the part of are introduced by their readers as the with a play, "More Than a Name." many who do not know what to program is designed to cover. think. . . . By far the most im- The theme, "A Year of Vision," portant part, to my mind, is the Leader closes with remarks on the was carried through the program of call for a new emphasis on the delight of this method of travel and anticipation of another meeting of the a convention at Cozad, the devotions too often neglected and obscured same character. being under the title "Looking Up," missionary motive. Jesus Christ implanted this in the Great Traveling Home Mission Trails, for the financial report featuring "Look- Commission, and it is equally the ensuing meeting, follows a like ing at Our Business," the organizaform. Its devotional is on "Jesus Sets Forth His Life Principle"-Luke 4: tional describing "Looking at Our De- 17-19. This was to give life to the partments," others being "Looking at imperishable – one changeless poor, hope to the broken hearted, free- Our District," "Looking at the World dom to the enslaved classes, sight to of Our Auxiliaries," "Looking at God's thing in a changing world. . . .. the blind, a rich, full life to all, here Little Ones," etc. The round table He (the missionary) makes and hereafter. (In each case apply discussion was on "Looking at Our known a Saviour such as no the objectives to modern conditions, Problems." The closing address was other religion can offer. For such as folk crushed by our economic on the main theme. system, slavery to machinery, blind- Christianity alone offers in Jesus ness to one's own moral state, etc.) Another picturesque annual meet- For all our progress, world in much ing was conducted in Brooklyn (N. Y.) Christ the one Redeemer and the same condition as to its needs as South District with the topics center- personal Friend who not only rewhen Christ came-selfishness, wars, veals the Way of Life but who immorality, worldliness. Do we be- ing upon "Building" – "P I a n sand gives His disciples power to lieve there is still sin? Then we Specifications," "Foundation," "First should adopt the proclamation of the good tidings as a life principle for Floor," "Second Floor," "Roof," "Cu- walk in it. . . . While I have pola," "Weather Vane," "Pillars," "Garden," "Tools" and "Prospective thus purposely centered atten- Building." tion upon a single point, I am "Through the Looking Glass" fea- _not unmindful of the many ques- tured various actual kinds of glasses tions raised concerning neces- with which to view past, present and sary changes to meet new mis- future. sionary conditions. But when "Kaleidoscopic Views" was the title under which a district president gave all has been said the pivotal our annual address. thing is the motive.

"Through the Window" was the HOWARD B. GROSE, in subject used at the annual meeting of "Missions" Magazine. The Council of Women for Home Missions ANNE SEESHOLTZ, EXECUTIVE SECRETARY, 105 EAST TWENTY-SECOND STREET, NEW YORK ~~I~~~~~~========================~ "Thou Art the Christ, use throughout the year but -Honolulu, Territory of Hawaii especially preceding February the Son of the 12, 1937. Around the world creased by the number of Chris- there is now a fellowship of tians who anticipate the Day Living God" prayer among Christians who and by flexibility in plans. The have agreed to pray on each local World Day of Prayer Com- In 1920 the first Fri- Monday throughout the year for mittees should plan and secure day in Lent was se- the World Day of Prayer and material several months before lected for the "Day of the brotherhood of man. Will February 12. They should se- Prayer for Missions" you join through prayer either cure the participation of men when man y church as an individual or with a group, and women, young and old, and women of many de- which you may form? should not forget the children, nominations in Canada for "of such is the Kingdom of and the United States The picture on the program Heaven." A poster in every joined in com m 0 n and the poster for February 12, church, and every church open prayer. The Call to 1937, is a photograph of "the for meditation throughout the Prayer was sent out Easter Morning Cross," on top Day! A program for everyone by the national wom- of Punchbowl, the extinct crater participating would make pos- in the heart of Honolulu where sible extension of the influence en's missionary organ- hundreds of nationalities gather of the prayers for more than a izations, hom e and for worship early Easter morn- day. foreign. The theme ing. The World Day of Prayer prowas "The World to The program this year is pre- gram is secured and published Christ We Bring," and pared both for young people and each year by the Foreign Mis- adults. The program is to be sions Conference of Nor t h the Call was for meet- adapted to the community and America, 156 Fifth Avenue, ings to be held "in the persons attending the inter- New York City, and the Council cities, towns and vil- church meetings. The effective- of Women for Home Missions, lages, morning, noon, or in the ness of the observance is in- 105 East 22d Street, New York, evening, to ask God's mercy N.Y. upon the troubled and confused [545 ] nations." The thought of a day of prayer spread until at the request of far-away friends, the World Day of Prayer was first observed in 1927.

For the observance of the World Day of Prayer on the first Friday in Lent, February 12, 1937, the program was written by Miss Mabel Shaw, founder of the Livingstone Memorial Girls' Boarding School at Mbereshi, Kawamba, Northern Rhodesia, Africa. Miss Shaw went to Central Africa in 1915. She is the author of "God's Candlelights" (1935).

The program, "Thou Art the Christ, the Son of the Living God" is being used on the same Day in various forms in more than fifty countries.

Of the Call to Prayer over 500,000 will be distributed in the United States. These are for "Neither Lost Nor Stayed" Inner Strength fulfillment here and beyond our The National Kagawa Coordi- In a recent editorial of The ken. nating Advisory Committee with New York Times, "I nne r "Now we see in a riddle, but present headquarters at 285 Schermerhorn Street, Brooklyn, Strength" was the heading of an then, face to face: now I know New York, has issued Discovery, article beginning wit h the in part; but then shall I know A Manual of Prayer for the fully even as also I was fully Kingdom of God. "That cause words, "In a jittery world." The can neither be lost nor stayed" content was a report of the "Sec- known. is a Danish hymn, included in the manual, which emphasizes retary of State, Mr. Hull's re- "Trinity in Midsummer" the truth that "each noble service that men have wrought was strained and thoughtful address Please turn to The New first conceived as a fruitful before the Good N e i g h b 0 r Yorker of August 29 and read thought" ; and "each worthy League." The purpose of this for yourself the eight-column recause with a future glorious, by statement is to indicate the sig- port of the Sunday morning quietly growing becomes vic- nificance to the country of "inner services on a midsummer day in torious." Hence no storm can strength" which was defined as old Trinity, Wall Street. You dismay one's faith in the harv- requisite in a people if their gov- will find that St. Clair McKelest, and the scattering of thou- ernment is to have a satisfactory way did not just go "look-see," sands of seeds, nor is any cause foreign policy. The qualities re- but he stayed through the servlost "which takes the course of quired are "patience, sympa- ices and describes the members what God has made." thetic understanding, s tea d y of congregation and reports the poise, and ass u red inner hymns and sermon and lingers Dr. Kagawa's vision of world- strength" which the editor said later to secure accurate inforwide economic reconstruction are demonstrated in Mr. Hulls mation, so that what he wrote through Christian brotherhood, own personality. or economic cooperatives rein- might be true. Though only forced by religious spirit, won the continuing interest and serv- eighty – five worshipers we r e ice of many Americans. The manual, Discovery, uses an ad- The Fellowship of Action present and not any "whom you dress of Dr. Kagawa which deals would call young," he makes with the way to put this plan Who are these that go about clear that "the services at Trininto action beginning with directed prayer. the streets of the city and upon ity Church are continued with- As a part of the follow-up pro- the paths of the world? The out interruption throughout all gram to conserve and further develop the impress of Kagawa Word of God is in their mouths, the months of the year, the only in this country, C h r i s t ian s should study courses, as Carl the bread in their hand, they change in the summer being the Hutchinson's Seeking a New World through Cooperatives. It share, they bind up the wounded omission of the sermon on Suncosts but twenty-five cents and is available at the Methodist and comfort them that mourn. day afternoons. There are five Book Concern, 150 Fifth Avenue, New York. Who are these? services every Sunday and four Literature and bibliographies These are the stewards of the every week-day, at all of which should be selected and placed at the disposal of church leaders. loving-kindness of God, and the everyone is welcome and the The best introductory pamphlet costs but ten cents; it is A day laborers in his Kingdom. pews are free. This church is Prayer for Consumers by Dr. B. Y. Landis, Association Pre s s. They are the harvesters of here to serve all those who have The Cooperative League, 167 children, the saviors of the sick, need of it." West 12th Street, New York City, has excellent material and theconsolers of the desperate, One of the mission children information concerning cooperatives. the friends of the prisoner and was baptized after the services.

Here is a call to Christian peo- the family of the poor. The curate knew the name of the ple everywhere to come alive to the possibilities at hand for a They are of every race and child, who was "from a family new world order, and a new interpretation of the Lor d's every tongue, and they are un- of the parish." The phrase, "a Prayer. destructibly one. mission for the people of the They are the pioneers of peace parish," catches the imagination.

and the fellows of Christ in ac- Surely that seems to be missions, tion. – Jean Kenyon Mackenzie, beginning at home. You may in "Women and Missions" (Pres- not enjoy all that you find in the byterian, U. S. A.), October, article but the moral of the tale 1930. is clear, if one wishes to find it.

Jean Kenyon Mackenzie, Ed- And the old couple who knelt mund B. Chaffee, Fred B. Smith, all during the service, the vestry- S. Parkes Cadman, and others of man with the large white mus- our fellowship, leaders in real- tache who attends almost every izing the Gospel of Jesus Christ, Sunday, the colored clergyman have recently joined the host of – pleased with his interview with God's children active in other the curate, the gentle-looking realms of the Kingdom of God. man dressed "g r a vel y – for Like the ascension of Jesus, our church," the boy sopranos, the Lord and Master, their going Japanese observer-all these in- from our midst leaves us griev- cluding the reporter himself ing and yet, wondering over the make a good company, for whom Glory of the Light shown in life's the Church exists.

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OU£M!~r~~:!~:cu~~!~Ok I EDITED BY MRS. HENRIETTA H. FERGUSON, XENIA, OHIO ==================================~~~ WESTERN ASIA curing that native Christian that the "untouchable" exodus leadership which is the out- .from Hinduism has not "been Leper Home in Jerusalem standing need of every mission worked up but has grown out, The enmity between Jew and Arab in Palestine has not af- field. inspired by God. It is the outfected the Leper Home. But both nurses and patients keep as growth of Christian missions." much as possible within the boundaries of the home, on ac- INDIA, SIAM AND And a writer in the Indian Witcount of the danger of riots. CAMBODIA ness says: "God is in it. Let us Extensive building in suburban Jerusalem has led to an Plea for Unity be careful lest we thwart God's offer being made for the site of will and God's way of bringing the home, with the suggestion of a new site on the road from One of the strongest pleas for India to Himself by our fears, Jerusalem to Bethlehem. The union which has yet been voiced our hesitations, our delays." matter has not yet been decided. is the appeal of 163 missions in One significant outcome is a -Moravian Missions. India for some form of church "Youth Movement" among un- unity. Missionaries on the field touchables. In certain places, Changing Thought in Iran declare that only a united youth have collected and burned The Bishop of Iran writes in Church can hope to win India sacred books to show their con- The Life of Faith of radical for Christ. The appeal points to tempt of Hinduism. changes that had taken place during his year's absence. Most the slow progress which Chris- Without any knowledge that striking of all he found, upon tianity has made in India, where, this secession from Hinduism his return, women sharing in after two centuries of mission- was coming, Miss Clementina the family and social life of the ary effort less than two per cent Butler, a former Methodist miscountry almost as if it had been their normal habit from the be- of the population is Christian. sionary, had 18,000 prints of ginning. Husbands and wives "The Good Shepherd" ready for come together when invited to a The denominational differences distribution among these shephome. herdless people. Through her which may have significance to initiative a committee has been "Corresponding with these the Western churches are not changes one is conscious of a even understood by native Chris- formed in America to produce change of thought and attitude. tians, and serve only to confuse It is hard to define exactly what them. The presence of mission- the inexpensive chromo picture it is, but it is perhaps a sense of aries of the different denomina- -dear to the Indian heart-porfreedom and of satisfaction at tions raises the question in the traying scenes from the Gospels; accomplishment of what many mind of Indian Christians why evidence, as one of the workers of the more advanced and these groups worship the same said, that God has His own calthoughtful have for some time God, yet remain apart from each endar. felt to be a necessary reform. . . . I am full of admiration other. The break-up of Indian at the way in which these great religions and the mass movement Christian "Mela" Sets a Goal social reforms have been introduced." among the depressed classes who The annual Christian mela of are turning toward Christian In Teheran, the bishop sees missions for social and spiritual Belgaum District brought tosigns of a movement among the emancipation, the impatience of gether representatives from 21 more thoughtful, educated men Christian youth in India at what Christian villages of the district, to study Christianity. If this they consider narrow restricmovement spreads to other tions of official Christianity are who came filled with zeal to towns and is fostered and deep- make the mela a success. Reened it may prove a means of se- other arguments offered by the vival meetings were conducted missionaries who plead for per- by a young Christian sadhu, mission to form a union among with the result that many were themselves, without separating greatly strengthened. A magic from their various mot her churches in the West. lantern lecture was given on the Life of Christ, and pictures of -Christian Observer. prominent I n d ian Christian leaders and of village improve- Reaching the Untouchables ment schemes were shown. The following aims were set Dr. Murray Titus, a Methodist for next year: village Christians missionary in North India, says and the workers to become per- [ 5471

sonal soul-winJ?-ers; to sell.more uncanonical interpolations or er- mixed European and Singhalese or Indian parentage. His son, G.ospels; to buIld churches III the, roneous transcription, as in the Arnold Paynter, is continuing vIlI~ges, to see th~t regular o~- case of suttee. Meanwhile, as this task and now has about 80 gcoanmdzuecd~,edsyasttemevaetrIcy worshIp IS the legal approach is at best young people in the orphanage place with uncertain, Christian preaching and homes at Nuwara Eliya, solemmty and rev~renc~. Ceylon. Here the boys were and teaching on this evil must taught the building trade, while -Ind7an Wttness. continue. the . girls learned gardening, cookmg and domestic duties. Christian College Jubilee In the Kond Hills Such work cuts across a 200- year-old tradition, for hitherto Isabella Thoburn College, the A hundred years ago nothing it was an unheard-of thing for first college for women in all was known about the people in E.urasians to labor with their the Kond Hills, although they hands. Later, the problem arose Asia, is celebrating its fiftieth" as to the future of these young year. The enrolment this year were on the map, some 400 miles people and it was decided to is the largest in its history, but southwest of Calcutta. It was form a colony on the slopes of the fact that it is only 188 is in- only when the ruler of a small the Himalayas. Accordingly in dicative that only a small per native state, having refused to 1~32 Mr. Paynter set out, with cent of India's girlhood have as pay his taxes, took refuge among SIX young people between the yet the opportunities, or the the Konds, that these people ages of sixteen and eighteen, on a 2,000-mile journey to the expreparation for college. In fact came into notice. While seeking treme north of India, where they only 2% of India's women ove; the offending rajah, government have established themselves in a twenty can read or write. As six-roomed house, built by their yet it is difficult, however, to find officials learned the terrible con- own inexperienced hands. At ditions a~ong the Konds,-hu- first they subsisted on fish, game openings for the graduates aside man saCrIfice of the most ghast- and wild fruit. As more colofrom the teaching and medical ly sort, infanticide and degraded nists arrived the government professions. Some have mar- heathenism. The British Gov- granted additional land. Two ried men of wide influence. One ernment at once took steps to weddings have taken place, and of last year's graduates is Y. W. stop these inhuman customs thus the young people are set- and after some years succeeded tling down in their new homes, C. A. secretary in Calcutta. Sev- in doing so. But except in so far removed from their former eral graduates are full members far as they have come under the temptations and handicaps. All of the Lucknow Conference. influence of missionaries, these were won to Christ before going to the Himalayan colony. Fam- Child Marriage people are today much the same ily prayer is held morning and as they were a century ago. evening, and there is also a serv- ice on Sunday mornings. Spir- It is more than sixty years They are still animists, and ituality is a marked feature of therefore live in constant fear the life of the colony. The work since Malabari, Parsee reform- of evil spirits. has received the highest com- mendation from Government ofer, introduced a bill to deal with The British Missionary Soci- ficials, and from leaders of the ety is the only organization at chief missionary societies. The child marriages. When nearly work among them. In the very Secretary for Ceylon believes it grove where human sacrifices to be the solution to the problem accepted it had to be withdrawn were formerly offered there now of Eurasians in Ceylon, and stands a Christian church. There many Anglo-Indians in India. to placate Hindu opposition. A is the beginning of a Christian literature, including a hymn -The Christian. Miss Sorabji in a letter to the book. There are eleven schools Is Tibet Going Modern? London Times, sets forth some wit h twenty-nine Christian Even in Tibet conditions are of the grave difficulties that teachers, and over 700 scholars looking up. The town of Lhasa in attendance. G 0 v ern men t is now lig~ted by electricity, inwould arise even if amending gives grants-in-aid while at the stalled entIrely by Tibetan elec-" same time allowing absolute tricians. A not her recent legislation to make the 1929 Act freedom in regard to religious achievement is the completion teaching. A number of young of the whole Bible in the Tibetan effective were placed on the language, a task of thirty years' men trained in the mission are duration. It is the work of a statute book. The difficulties teaching in government schools. succession of missionary schol- At present there is a Christian embrace such points as these: community of over 2,000.

how could such legislation be en- -The Christian.

forced by police methods? How could reliable evidence of age be secured? How could evidence of intended marriages be ob- tained. Miss Sorabji considers that the only possible sound re- form must come hferocomopewriatthiion~ and that without t of the Hindu priests little can be done. She suggests that San- Eurasians in Ceylon skrit scholars should be set to work upon textual examination A few years after his arrival of the Hindu religious books in in India in 1882, a young Eng- the expectation that the doctri- lishman, Arthur Pay n t e r, nal sanction of child-marriage founded the India Christian Mis- can be found to be based upon sion on behalf of children of

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

ars, with the invaluable aid of a and helps with the Bible teach- missionary careers in China was Tibetan Christian pastor of the ing in the schools. He has also that of Dr. Rosewell H. Graves, Moravian Church. made eighteen tours to more dis- of Baltimore, who reached Can- tant places with gratifying re- ton in 1856, and stayed by his Open Hearts in Cambodia sults. Trips to nearby places post for fifty-six years. He was out of the city are made regu- a physician by t r a i n i n g, a Though the doors are still larly with members of the VOl- preacher of note, a litterateur closed in Cambodia, the Holy unteers. They go out somewhere and translator of outstanding Spirit is at work. Last summer every week, and always have a ability, and laid the broad an elderly Cambodian came to good hearing. During the year foundations of the work in and the home of Rev. F. C. Peterson 5,553 Scripture portions have around Canton, w her e the in Kompong Trach, to learn been sold, the income being some Graves Theological Seminary about the Gospel. From his lit- seventy-five ticals. The "market and the Graves Memorial Church tle hut in the rice field he had chapel" is kept open as a read- are named in his honor. walked about four miles in the ing room, and attracts many hot sun, seeking peace of heart. young people. The Southern Baptist Board As a Buddhist priest, he had has extended its efforts into gone through all the rites of Work in the two schools has Shantung, Anhui and Honan, Buddhism, and now after nearly gone on most favorably. There and the Northern Baptist work seventy years spent in that reli- has been no trouble with the has reached out into far away gion, he still lacked what he new government regulations Szechuan. Baptist C h u r c h sought. A few years ago, he said, and the standard of work has members in more than half the his son had bought a "heart improved, as well as the attend- eighteen provinces of China, tract" in Takeo, and after read- ance. number not less than 70,000. ing this, he concluded it con- Two institutions have been fostained the message for which his Dr. Boon Itt was asked to tered jointly by the Northern heart was longing. It was no teach in an Institute for Doc- and Southern boards – the Unieasy matter to give up Buddhism tors which was held for fifteen versity of Shanghai and the as error, and turn to a new mas- days in Pitsanuloke. All the China Baptist Publication Soter. Finally the Holy Spirit won government doctors in the coun- ciety. The English Baptist Misthe victory. It was a joy to kneel try gathered for instruction. sion cooperates in the work of with him and point him to Christ Two high government medical Shantung Christian University, who takes away the sins of the officers have visited the hospital and the Northern Society in the world. and expressed satisfaction at West China Christian Univer- the work being done. Regular sity in Szechuan. It has been a joy to watch this days for visitors have been arman grow in the knowledge of ranged, and many have taken ARTHUR R. GALLIMORE. God. He sits down with his New advantage of this and given Testament and reads many chap- money to help in the work. The Government Asks for ters at a time. He witnesses hospital is full to overflowing, Missionaries faithfully in his village and ex- and the table of statistics for the pects many others there to turn medical work indicates an in- The National Christian Counto the Lord ere long. He is faith- crease along almost every line of cil of China asks for a hundred ful in walking the long distance treatment. -Siam Outlook. missionaries to work with boys to our home for prayer meeting and girls of the Government and Bible instruction. We were CHINA AND MANCHURIA schools. They are promised unhappily surprised the other day bounded opportunities outside of to hear him quote from memory Century of Baptist Missions school hours for guiding youth many verses from the Bible. Re- in their recreation, their adjustcently some Buddhist priests Baptists are this year com- ments and life. came to visit us while he was memorating the hundredth annihere; it did our hearts good to versary of the beginning of their Rural reconstruction has passhear him preach the Gospel to mission in Macao. It was in ed the experimental stage and them with no uncertain sound. reality an outgrowth of William has become a national movement. Carey's mission to India in The Christian Far mer has -Alliance Weekly. 1792, in the support of which 40,000 readers and 2,000,000 Baptists in America found an people come under its influence Work in Siam Goes Forward outlet for their missionary zeal. and mass education movement is Carey had felt, when his son preparing thousands to read. The Home Mission Committee went to Rangoon, Burma, that of the National Church of Siam this might be the precursor of an This Year's Famine now has the oversight of all entrance into China. Macao, in work done in Pitsanuloke sta- 1836, was a flourishing Portu- There is famine every year in tion. Aside from his regular guese Colony. Later, in 1843, some part of China. This year duties as pastor of the church, medical work under the Baptist it is affecting 30,000,000 people Rev. Seng Saa Chairatana does Board began in Ningpo. in Szechuan and Honan provreligious work in the hospital inces. Repeated floods and un- One of the most remarkable usually dry summers, and at-

tacks of Chinese Communist walls bare, so things suggestive JAPAN-CHOSEN soldiers bring about this condi- of the Christian life are substi- Nation-Wide Evangelism tion. Starving parents in some tuted. It is important that a cases have sold their children to Christian atmosphere be cre- A Commission on nation-wide buy food. Dogs and cats have ated in the home. After these evangelism has completed its orlong since been eaten, and it is preliminaries, an altar is set up ganization, and is asking Chrisreported that some of the na,tives in the guest room and a service tians throughout the empire to have resorted to cannibalism. is conducted, with an appropri- remember this movement in This section of China in previous ate talk to the family and their morning devotions, and years has had plentiful crops. friends who have assembled for also to organize groups which In some sections more than 70 the occasion. Bible women visit will undergird this evangelistic per cent of the towns and vil- in these homes as often as pos- effort with a volume of united lages have been destroyed by the sible and try to carryon a defi- prayer. A budget of 5,000 yen Chinese Communist soldiers, nite program of instruction for has been adopted for the present who are, themselves, starving the women. Families are urged year. It is hoped that during the since no government is back of to attend the short term schools, first year of the movement spethem. -Watchman-Examiner. to become familiar with Bible cial campaigns may be conducted ideals. -The Living Church. in the empire's six major cities "Normal Contagious" – Tokyo, Yokohama, Nagoya, Changsha reports an analysis Inspection Trip in Manchuria Kyoto, Osaka, Kobe-and in six of church membership wherein near-by cities. members are classified as "in- Rev. Charles Leonard of the active," "active but ineffective" Southern Baptist Mission, sta- -World Outlook. and "normal contagious." The tioned at Harbin, after a tour of church officials are working def- mISSIOns located at Mishan, Christianity on the Increase initely to bring a larger propor- Tungning, Suifenho, Lishuchen, tion into the "normal conta- and other points in the large Dr. Kagawa declares that gious" group. Inactive members area east of Harbin, reported Christianity is on the increase are sought out and followed up. that said area has suffered more in Japan. As proof he cites the For the "active but ineffective," than any other during these past doubling of the Christian comdirect challenge is made for few years from bandi.try. For munity in the last ten years, the deeper personal Christian liv- three hundred miles it is moun- phenomenal growth of the deing, with more time taken for tainous, wild country, in much mand for Christian literature, prayer and Bible study. Mean- of which roving bands of robbers the conversion of leading govwhile the "contagious" Chris- have held sway for many years. ernment officials, including memtians, perhaps simple country Following the change of govern- bers of the nobility, and the fact women, perhaps highly educated ment numerous trains we r e that the indigenous religions are university men, continue about wrecked and looted; villages increasingly influenced by Christheir Father's business of mak- burned, homes destroyed; thou- tianity. Buddhists have adopted ing Christ known to all with sands killed; garrisons, groups Christian hymns, frequently use whom they come in contact. and individuals kidnapped and the Bible and are introducing tortured. At present, however, the cross into their temples. -Monday Morning. conditions are improving. As re- gards Lishuchen, Rev. Leonard – Watchman-Examiner. "Cleansing Services" states that this coal-mining town Open Door Clubs Sixteen groups of students "When a family becomes in- has its own railway line, over have organized "Open Door terested in Christianity and which many have come these Clubs," each with its own offiwi she s to affiliate with the past several years to push their cers and staff. The regular pro- Church," writes an Episcopal way as settlers into the farthest gram includes a study of various missionary at Changshu-Ku, "we steppes of northeast Manchuria. phases of religion, prayer, Bible, go to the home and hold what During past years two Russian worship. Nearly every group we call a cleansing service. All Baptist families connected with meets once a week. Out of these the idols, superstitious pictures, the mines had assisted in raising meetings have come some sigetc., are carried out and burned, funds for purchase of a place for nificant and hopeful things. even the ancestral tablets are Chinese and Russian evangelistic Members spread the news and removed. In place of all these meetings at the coal-mine town. recently a new g r 0 U P was are installed things of a Chris- But as these Russians have left, formed. Twenty-six young men tian nature; a picture of Christ one family migrating to Brazil- came at once asking to be led in . occupies the most important with other Russian Protestant Bible study. Only two of the position on the wall; then there families, and the town proper, group had ever seen a Bible beare pictures illustrating family Lishuchen, having grown, it has fore, but all were eager to know unity, and attractive scrolls been decided to move the meet- its contents. Students and fac- with Scripture passages written ing place into the heart of said ulty members of the Imperial on them. We must not leave the town. -China Weekly. University are being reached

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

and are becoming interested. men, unmarried, banded to- the other hand, if the bride is One recently came asking for help and saying that unless he gether in Francis of Assisi fash- lazy, or in other ways unsatiscould find the thing he needed in Christ, he would have to com- ion, supported by a peach factory, she may be sent back to mit suicide. He found what he sought and left with courage orchard, and preaching the Gos- her people; and the purchase great enough to face his problems. pel. A furniture factory was price must be refunded. Since, -The Presbyterian Banner. found unprofitable but they are however, the money has prob- Suicide "Specialist" now tearing away the earth ably been divided among many, Japan has a "Suicide Preven- from the side of a sheer preci- some ill-feeling is engendered tion Society," with a suicide clinic, under the direction of a pice and filling in a barren salt and the girl falls into disfavor. man known as "the suicide specialist." This new society seeks field, in the hope that when their' Responsible relatives train both the establishment of proper institutions for the prevention of arduous task is finished they youths and girls in the obligaself-destruction, to sponsor investigations, to publish litera- may raise rice, settle down and tions of marriage. ture on the subject, and show motion pictures. A memorial marry and preach the Gospel to -The Australian Missionservice for the young men and women who have committed that area of the Inland Sea as- ary R.eview. shiniu or love suicide together was held in July. It is estimated signed to Baptists. These men that 20,000 persons commit suicide annually in Japan. are not yet bapti~ed, but they are Sunday Schools in Fiji -Alliance Weekly. ready to enter the church at any Rev. H. Chambers, of Davui- time, and have been doing mis- levu, Fiji, says that this field has United Children's Service sionary work for a long time. the largest Missionary Training Christ Church, Yokohama, re- Anglican World Conference Institution in the South Pacific. cently held a united service for It comprises five institutions, Sunday school children. In addition to the children from this The first world conference of namely, the Theological Instituchurch, there were present more Anglican churchmen in Asia is tion, the Village Pastor Trainthan 200 children from Yoko- to be held in Tokyo in May, ing Institute, the Teacher-Trainhama Union Church, St. An- 1940. The date has been set to ing Institute, the District 'Boys' drew's Japanese Church, Yoko- coincide with the international Technical School, and the Prihama Chinese Church and the exposition now announced by mary School. Sunday school Kawasaki Anglican Church. At Japan to commemorate the must be written in the plural, one point in the service a Jap- 2,600th anniversary of the for- for the Sunday schools at Davuianese girl, a Chinese boy and an mation of the empire and to per- levu are as numerous as its insti- American girl read Gospel pas- mit attendance of about 200 tutions, with one in additionsages. The address by Bishop bishops of North and South the Kindergarten. A Prepara- Heaslett was given in alternate America who will be going to tion Class is held on Friday Japanese and English. London to attend the Lambeth nights, when the lesson is given Conference, called every ten verbally, after which the full The collection went toward years by the Archbishop of Can- notes which have been put up providing a place for Christian terbury. Plans are being made on the blackboards earlier in the worship in Sanjo. to accommodate 1,000 church- day, are copied by the teachers. men. -The Living Church. -The Australian Mission- Self-Supporting Evangelists ary Review. Rev. H. O. Sisson, writing for the Watchman-Examiner, gives ISLANDS OF THE PACIFIC Bible Study in the Philippines a striking example of self-sacrificing leadership in Japan's In- Defense of a Native Custom Two or three years ago about land Sea where the barren hill- 210 high school students enrolled sides are so valuable that they Students of social customs in a six months' course Bible are terraced all the way to the among primitive peoples find study and 120 received the Suntop to produce what slim crops that some ideas, repellant to the day School Union diploma. This are possible. Here he found ten casual observer have a useful year three new features have purpose. For example, when a been introduced: the study is man buys his wife the "pur- made intensive by meeting from chase" is the very thing which three to five times a week; prevents his abusing her. The teachers went to the pupils' price is a guarantee of good homes, instead of asking them faith since, after marriage, if to come to the school, and gen- the young man is cruel to his eral courses have been offered in wife, she returns to her people; addition to technical stu d y. but the youth's relatives cannot, There were 300 students en- under the circumstances, de- rolled. About 225 completed mand the return of the payment. their studies and took the exam- Since economic sanctions make ination; 190 passed. Next year remarriage difficult for the di- it is planned to have four or five vorcee, the bridegroom is en- three-week periods of Bible couraged to behave with consid- study. eration towards his wife. On

Oannibals Learn Gospel Songs Interracial Relations; W 0 rId There are in the United States Relationships; the Church; and 8,676,000 Catholic youth under twenty- A group of cannibals heard the Church's Adult Program. five years of age, and of this number the Gospel for the first time on only 1,870,000 are enrolled in any a recent Sunday afternoon when The conference was called by parochial or other religious school three canoes arrived at the "Unevangelized Fields Mission" sta- the committee on religious edu- under the auspices of the Catholic tion in Papua, containing nearly cation of adults of the Interna- Church. So 78.4 per cent of the youth forty of these men, who ex- tional Council of Religious Edu- of the Catholic Church are not being plained by interpretation that cation. they had come to sell sago, and reached by the Church. There are in not to fight. They then told the -The Presbyterian Banner. missionary that they wanted a the United States 1,630,000 Jewish teacher, and were willing to children under twenty-five years of build a house if one would come. They remained one night, and age, of which number 1,543,000, or the opportunity was taken to 95.2 per cent, are not enrolled in any teach them some choruses, "Yes, Mobilizing Spiritual Forces Jewish synagogue or other educational Jesus loves me," and "All the way to Calvary, He went for The National Committee for agency under the auspices of the me." This tribe, living 200 miles Religion and Welfare Recovery Jewish Church. There are in the from the mission station, fre- United States 42,891,825 children who quently raids other villages for consists of more than four hun- are Protestant, or nominally Protheads and food. estant, under twenty-five years of age, dred leaders from the major re- and of this number 28,529,950, or 66.5 -The Christian. per cent, are not enrolled in any Sun- ligious faiths, and includes 61 day school. Netherlands Mission bishops, Catholic and non-Cath- olic, 65 pastors, priests and In twelve separate fields Gos- rabbis, 25 college presidents or Put this alongside the statepel work is being carried on by other educators and 143 national ment of Supreme Court Justice the Netherlands East Indies officers of church and benevolent Lewis L. Fawcett, of Brooklyn, Mission. Mr. R. A. J affray re- boards, in addition to a consider- with eighteen years of experiports great blessing in the four ence on the bench, that "Of 5,000 fields in Borneo, where no fewer able number of laymen. than 8,000 Dyaks have come to The program is educational boys less than twenty-one years Christ. Nearly 100 students and cooperative but not adminis- old who have been arraigned behave recently entered the Bible trative. Emphasis is placed fore me, only three were mem- School, and many are already upon the efficiency of existing bers of Sunday school at the occupied winning souls. The re- church and welfare agencies, time of committing their crime. maining eight fields of the mis- without any attempt to create a Of 1,092 boys who were sension present a more. difficult superorganization or federation. tenced to go to Sunday school problem, for Mohammedanism The Committee calls all church and bring a written attendance is strongly entrenched in them members and sympathetic citi- report from the minister, only all, and there are millions of peo- :?ens to rededicate both life and ninety-two of them ever apple in the islands to whom no substance to the service of God peared in court again; out of missionary has yet been sent. and their fellowmen, and to 1,092, 1,000 were cured by the recognize that the recovery of Sunday school treatment. -The Christian. material prosperity will avail Pioneers of Today NORTH AMERIOA little without sound foundations United Adult Movement of religious faith and unselfish A newly appointed worker in Over two hundred leaders in moral purpose. Idaho describes the situation he special fields of adult activity, pastors, religious education spe- A Ohallenge to Every found: cialists, and delegated lay work- Oommunity ers, assembled recently at Lake In the presbytery the population is Geneva, Wisconsin, to confer so scattered and so transient that in upon a proposed plan of work through nine commissions cov- "If you were to make a house- many large sections there are no minering: Personal ReI i g i 0 u s isters, no Sunday schools, and no re- Growth; Christian Home and to-house canvass of your com- ligious teaching of any kind. There Family Life; Education, Character and Community Life; Eco- munity," says a writer in the is only one resident minister in the nomic Life; Leisure Time and Christian Observer, "you would Cultural Life; Inter-Group and perhaps discover that the great large county of Owyhee, a Congrega- majority of the children of your tional minister with a small church. Every school in this county is a one- teacher school. In the county of own community were not in Sun- Boise there is but one resident min- day school." ister, and he is blind. There is no minister in the county seat. In the There is a challenge in the county of Elmore there are many towns with no Sunday school. statement that nineteen out of every twenty Jewish children under twenty-five years of age It is difficult to organize Sun- are not enrolled in any Jewish- day schools because the adults.

school; that three out of every have not had religious training, four Roman Catholics of the and are not prepared to fill places same age are not in any Catholic of leadership. Through leader- school; and two out of every ship-training co u r s e s in the three Protestants of the same points he can reach, this mis- age are not in any Sunday sionary hopes to develop leaders school. To go more into detail: who will become interested in

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

Sunday school organization, and period of four years will be position to the ecclesiastical auhungry for a knowledge of the 1,000,000 such donors or a total Bible. -Presbyterian Banner. of $12,000,000 a year. thorities is unquestioned, do not Bible Society's New Home Methodists will seek to relate hesitate to deplore a system of the life of their church to social After occupying the old Bible and economic problems besetting education which ignores the res- House on Astor Place, New York modern civilization. They will City, for eighty-three years the also seek to deepen the personal thetic and spiritual needs of American Bible Society is now piety of Methodists. located in a new home at the humanity. corner of Park Avenue and -Presbyterian Tribune. Fifty-seventh Street. The six- A sign that the Government is story building, purchased in Staff Increased at Sage 1935, has been altered to pro- Hospital feeling secure in its position is vide for the Society's activities in supplying Scriptures through- Sage Memorial Hospital at the fact that President Cardenas out the world. It gives accom- Ganado, N. M., is the only Indian modations to the retail store of hospital in the Southwest fully has recently authorized the rethe Eastern Agency, as well as accredited this year by the offices and storage space. There American College of Surgeons. opening of certain Cat hoI i c is on exhibition a large illumi- The recent addition of two docnated world map showing the tors to the staff has made it pos- Churches which were closed by location of all the Society's home sible to add a regular full time and foreign agencies, a twenty- program to the pioneering field order of President Calles in one foot chart containing the work reported for the first time names of the 972 languages and a year ago. Each doctor in ro- 1934. -World Survey. dialects into which the Scrip- tation has spent his entire time tures have been translated, and for a month in field visitation, Christian Literature in Mexico electrically lighted dioramas pre- clinics and examination and senting the work of translation treatment of children in the In Mexico, crisis means, as the and distribution in for e i g n eight Government day schools Chinese say, "both danger and lands. The building will be for- within a twenty-five mile radius opportunity." Political movemally dedicated in November. of Ganado. This service is ex- ments are producing a wholly ceedingly important from the unexpected interest in the Chris- For the past eighty-three point of view of remedial and tian message in its bearing on years the output of Scriptures preventive health work. It gives social and economic problems. from the old Bible House has the mission contact with many In 1931, the Christian literature been enormous. The volumes families not reached through publishing interests were "at the printed, purchased or imported any other activities. Another bottom." Now the union pubthat passed through the Bible new service this year is a per- lishing agency under Baez Cam- House in the past eighty-three manent dental clinic. The School years to December 31, 1935, the of Nursing, the only training argo is meeting with remarkable grand total was 134,179,512, or school for Indian nurses in the success. The v 0 I u m e "Has at a rate of about three every country, continues to grow in Science Discovered God?" has minute, night and day. popularity and range of influ- been avidly read. Atheistic and ence. Started in 1930, and now communistic literature has flood- Methodists Seek $12,000,000 fully accredited by the American ed this and other Latin Amer- Medical Association and the Na- ican countries, but minds are Methodist leaders met in Evan- tional League of Nursing Edu- open, and there is a demand for ston, Ill., July 8th, for "The cation, it enrolled this year nine- such books as "Christ and Hu- WorId Is My Parish" movement, teen students from twelve dif- man Service," the "Life of Kaa special effort to continue ferent Indian tribes scattered gawa," "Science and the Invisible through four years for the ex- from Alaska to Arizona. World." Missions have been retension of the missionary and -P1"esbyterian Board News. stricted in some types of work, benevolence enterprises of the but are putting greater effort denomination. One part of the LATIN AMERICA into literature and social service. plan is the enrolment during the The people are eager for the first year of 500,000 persons, Wider Tolerance in Mexico Gospel. groups and organizations in local churches who will subscribe There are unmistakable evi- Youth in the Caribbean one dollar a month or twelve dences that there is a reaction dollars a year to the missionary among thinking Mexicans from The Church in the West Indies and benevolence program. The the extreme materialism so much is well on the way to being a goal sought for the first year is, in evidence during recent stages young people's church. The thus, $6,000,000. The goal for a of the Church and State con- young people's conferences, first flict. Educational writers of held in the three islands only a recognized standing, whose op- few years ago, have grown in- creasingly popular. The results of these summer conferences are making themselves felt in the communities to which the dele- gates return. A group of Cuban young people, for ins tan c e, wanting to put into practice some of the ideals inspired at the conference, organized for the purpose of serving their communities along material and

spiritual lines. Puerto Rican the Presbyterian Church in Misplaced Reverence pastors also reported that the Colombia, has formed a group Charles W. Clay, in World conferences inspired a higher of young men in his church into Outlook, tells some things he saw standard of work and a new will- a Bible school, and is training here and there. A shop selling ingness on the part of the young them to preach from notes he cheap perfume does business people to assume responsibility took in the Costa Rican school. under the sign, "Good Jesus." for church activities. Domingo Fernandez, class of In Para there is a restaurant, 1934, is evangelizing in Spanish called the "C a f e Baptista," -The Presbyterian Banner. villages. which displays a large sign showing John the Baptist, in Sunday Schools in West Indies A man and wife, both trained heaven surrounded by angels, in this Institute, started a little telephoning to the "Cafe Bap- The progress of Christian edu- school and have not only sup- tista" to send up one hundred cation in the sixteen islands and ported themselves, but gathered pounds of their coffee, for it is island groups of the West Indies together a group of people into the brand which has entrance to is shown by a net increase of 49 a thriving evangelical congrega- heaven! A further illustration per cent in Sunday school enrol- tion. Two young women grad- of gross irreverence in advertisment since 1932. The Bahamas, uates, working in different coun- ing is the following doggerel nowhich should benefit by direct tries, maintain themselves by ticed in a street car: and invigorating influences from taking children whose parents the United States, show, how- desire that they be taught the "Are you sad my dear? ever, a decrease of 7 per cent Bible. Have you a cough or bronchitis? over the same period. There are Institute students evangelize It's a law of our Saviour some troublesome impediments while studying. They carry The only cure is 'Contratosse.' "

to a general advance of the West packs with necessary belongings -World Outlook. Indian peoples which may only and Scripture portions. In one be removed by an indoctrination place the priest told the people of their youth with new think- that it would be no more sin to EUROPE ing. The lack of sensitiveness in the social conscience with re- kill them than to kill a dog. Evangelism in Spain and gard to an astounding ratio of Throughout the country are iso- Portugal illegitimacy in many of the lated believers, twos and threes, won by this itinerant method. Mr. H. Martyn Gooch, Generislands is an example to the al Secretary of the World's point. Youth, with an enthu- -So S. Times. Evangelical Alliance, has made siasm for doing the right thing an extended visit to Spain and Needy Colombia Portugal. He believes that poand a will to break from custom litical conditions in both councan alone change a discreditable Leaders of the missionary en- tries are helpful rather than a situation. terprise have not been as active The Islands have a Protestant in Colombia as are commercial hindrance to evangelical work, community of 1,873,216, a body interests. Colombia has vast and in reply to the question "Can which if united in purpose could potential wealth and produces Spain and Portugal Be Evangelachieve anything needing to be everything that is grown in tem- ized 7" says that the answer condone. They send only 277,680 perate and cold climates as well cerns the spiritual equipment of children to the Sunday schools, as all tropical fruits; Protestant forces, rather than although they have 468,400 of But there is as yet little effort Roman Catholic opposition. Althem under 14 years-a leakage to give the Gospel to the millions so, a united front is of supreme of nearly 200,000. Problems in Colombia who have no oppor- importance. Mr. Gooch adwhich are the despair of the tunity of hearing it. There are dressed many gatherings, and churches will only begin to show only about 90 Protestant mis- met with clergy, ministers and a solution when the importance sionaries in the whole country, other representatives of Protesof youth and the child is more with a mere handful of native tant organizations. His visit to clearly understood. workers. One missionary to one Madrid coincided with the visit of Professor Baez Camargo of -World Survey. hundred thousand p e 0 pIe is about the proportion but one- Mexico, and they shared in a One School's Work fourth of the total missionary warm welcome on the part of force is on furlough, and a fair the Committee of the Spanish The Latin American Bible In- proportion are new people stilt Evangelical Alliance at special stitute in Costa Rica has put struggling with the language. gatherings arranged in the two, seventy workers in the field. Four-fifths of the missionaries largest Evangelical churches. Alfredo Cardona, now preaching in Colombia, has raised up The Portuguese Evangelical Alseveral congregations of be- are along the Pacific Coast, leav- liance, the British and Foreign ing much of the country without Bible Society, the World Domin- any Gospel teacher. ion Movement and the United lievers i n t 0 self – supporting -Latin American Evan- Society for Christian Literature churches. Hernan Bautista, of gelist. all are at work on a cooperative

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

basis. Six evangelical churches steenberghe is known as an greatest historical importance- in the north of Spain are threat- eloquent speaker, and is hoping "A question whether the Chris- ened with extinction through the to visit America for deputation tian faith shall continue to have withdrawal of financial support work. The buildings owne.d by rights in Germany." Attacks hitherto available from Ameri- the Mission, covering among upon Evangelical beliefs and ca, and the help of the World's other places Brussels, Bruges, practices were exposed and de- Evangelical Alliance has been G hen t, Antwerp, Charleroi, nounced. The declaration af- sought in an endeavor to enable Tournai, are all free of debt. firms that "in the country of these churches to continue. Ro-· Workers, including wives, num- Martin L u the r, Evangelical man Catholic forces would re- ber 130. The two Bible Train- Christians are prevented from joice in their demise. ing Schools are guided by com- bearing witness to the Gospel in -The Christian. petent leaders and the various public meetings." A spiritual administrative posts are in the demand is made that "the inces- Paris Student Union hands of approved workers. sant interference" by the State While a student at the Sor- -The Christian. shall cease, and that liberty shall bonne, Miss Agnes D. Stoneham be granted to the people to atwho was formerly a North Afri- Beatenberg Conference tend Gospel services, and to the ca missionary, realized the need pastors to proclaim the truth as for an Evangelical Union to In one of the most beautiful it is in Christ Jesus. work among the students. Un- spots in Switzerland, at Beatenable to return to North Africa, berg, 150 people of about twenty The protest was made with she felt the call of God to estab- nationalities recently gathered full realization of what the cost lish such a work. In a little over to pray for world revival. The might be, for it concludes: "We two years young people from conference was divided into four call upon the servants of the twenty-three nationalities have groups, two speaking German, Church to bear witness to the been helped in their spiritual the others French and English. Gospel of Jesus Christ without life. It was urged that all Christians compromise and without fear of must know in their own experi- men. Many have been sent to The student population of ence victory over indwelling sin, prison and concentration camps, Paris numbers 50,000, of whom and fully understand the minis- have had to suffer expulsion and 8,000 are from overseas. The try of God the Holy Spirit. other trials. We do not know vice-president of the union is a what may still be in store for us. Japanese student. The story of Immediately following the But whatever this may be, we one member, an Armenian doc- Convention, a students' confer- are bound to be obedient to our tor, is stirring. A nominal ence was arranged under the heavenly Father." Christian, he was brought into auspices of the Intervarsity Felblessing through the Union. He lowship of Evangelical Unions, -The Life .of Faith. is now a keen soul-winner, and to consider how best to bring a looks forward to his return deep spiritual revival in Euro- Anatolia College Jubilee home to engage in evangelistic pean universities. There were work in his hospital and univer- representatives there from Brit- The Golden Jubilee of Anasity. Until recently, various dis- ish, French, German, S w iss, tolia College, Salonika, Greece, cussion groups and meetings Dutch and Hungarian univer- was celebrated on June 20th. were held in drawing rooms sities. Reports from Hungary An address was given by Dr. kindly lent by friends, but re- and other countries of Europe Wright, the new president of cently the Union has rented its indicate that this is a day of Robert College, Istanbul. The own ,room, admirably suitable great opportunities for reaching procession was led by Pastor for the work. students with the Gospel. This George Anastasiades of the first Beatenberg Conference did much Anatolia College Class, of 1887. -The Life of Faith. toward helping to unite Chris- Doctors, lawyers, teachers and tians throughout Europe. business men, graduates of the Belgian Gospel Mission college, gathered to pay tribute -The Christian. to their Alma Mater. King Future direction of the Bel- German Evangelical Manifesto George II of Greece was also gian Gospel Mission, since the present at the celebration and death of Mrs. Ralph C. Norton on July 19, devolves upon two The most courageous protest showed deep interest. The presable and experienced workers, yet heard in Germany against ident of the college is Rev. Er- Mr. John C. Winton and M. O. the repressive Nazi policy to- nest Riggs, a grandson of the Vansteenberghe. The former is ward the Evangelical Church famous Elias Riggs, for many a man of gracious personality was made in a manifesto which years an American Board misand unique administrative gifts, was read in every Evangelical s ion a r y at Constantinople. and M. Vansteenberghe is equal- Church acknowledging the Con- Among the pressing needs of the ly qualified to maintain the high fessional movement. This stated college are a boy's home, an standard of executive ability dis- that the German people are con- Alumni Hall, and a retirement played by Mr. Norton. M. Van- fronted with a decision of the fund for the college staff.

Christian Heroism entering Russia on the ground mIssIOn is that of the United that they are considered by the Presbyterian Church. In Soviet Russia 47 pastors Soviet authorities as enemies of have been suffering for years in B 0 Ish e vis m. Pastors and A large increase in Roman concentration camps, on the churches in Russia, in addition Catholic converts is anticipated White Sea, or in Siberia. Two to persecution and extinction, under Italian domination. In were recently condemned to are heavily taxed. This tax fact, the Catholic population death; others have been forced seems already to have gained by to stop their work. Probably money is furnished by free-will less than 20 evangelical pastors gifts. Recently two old men, 400,000, for Mussolini has anare still at work in Russia out of more than seventy years of age, the 300 who formerly preached nounced that 400,000 Italian solthe Gospel there. Two Christian were given a sentence of three diers and laborers would remain colporteurs not long ago were years in the penitentiary for preaching in a village. Suddenly having given money to the permanently to colonize Ethioone fell, shot through by a bul~ pia. let. His comrade immediately took the Bible from the mar~ church and not to the state. The Catholics Propose Conquest tyred man, and continued Soviet has issued a handbook en- of Ethiopia preaching to the frightened lis~ titled: "What Shall I Do in Case teners. His heroism made such My Parents Try to Force Me to The Vatican, which placed no an impression that a revival be~ Go to Church?" The advice giv- obstacle in the way of Mussogan in the village, and spread en includes the following: Re- lini's conquest of Ethiopia, is far beyond. port the case to the authorities; now pushing a religious con- -Church Missionary Gleaner. call the police, bring action be- quest there. Bands of Salesians fore the courts. The punishment and Capuchins, already known Russia and Religion is loss of work, starvation and in Ethiopia, are following close death. behind the Italian columns, as The dechristianizing of Rus- they proceed with the difficult sian school children goes stead- AFRIOA business of mopping up. These ily on, though still is far from being completed. At Saratov it Religious Outlook in Ethiopia missionaries are provided with is reported that 49 per cent of all the means they need to carry the children still live "in the old World-wide interest in Ethi- their message to the most disreligious superstition." Fifty opia draws attention to religious tant and primitive peoples. They per cent still pray at home. conditions there. The Indian Witness states that among the have the funds to open schools An order was issued on De- estimated Ethiopian population and hospitals. Other missioncember 1, 1 9 3 5, t hat all of slightly more than 10,000,000, aries are being trained by the churches, chapels and prayer there are 5,000,000 Coptic Chris- Sacred Congregation for the houses must report to the civil tians, 150,000 Jews, 3,000,000 propagation of the faith. But authorities or be closed. No new Mohammedans, 2,000,000 pa- anything that would suggest the buildings may be erected to gans, 16,000 Roman Catholics serve as churches, synagogues and 12,000 Evangelical Chris- imposition of Catholicism on the or mosques. An exception is tians. During the 300 years that Ethiopians by force is to be made for foreigners who speak followed the meeting of Philip English. They may have their with the eunuch a large part of avoided, in accordance with own churches and worship as Ethiopia b e cam e Christian. Mussolini's promise that there they please. Thus, an American Then came the long theological would be genuine religious free- Roman Catholic church is now being built in Moscow by Father dom under Italian rule. Brown. A Protestant church is -The Christian Advocate. also to be erected there for Eng- 1ish-speaking people. The work controversy over the question Medical Missions in Morocco of closing the churches is going steadily on. The Reformed whether Jesus had a single or Church at Odessa has been made a theater. The chapel at Pris- dual nature. For nearly 1,000 Morocco has always been one chib has been torn down. St. Michael's Cloister at Kiev is years the church in Ethiopia of the most difficult of Mohamabout to be sacrificed. Another cloister in that city has become was isolated from the rest of medan mission fields. F. J. a factory building. Christendom. About the year Scrimgeour writes of a visit he According to a new ruling, pastors from foreign lands from 1500 Catholic missionaries again has made to southern Morocco, now on will be prohibited from entered the country. In 1830 now a protectorate of France.

the Church Missionary Society Eight stations were visited, un- of England sent two mission- der the South Morocco Mission, aries. From that year may be established about fifty years ago, dated the modern work of mis- and the Bible Church Mission- sions. The Bible has been trans~ ary Society, which has opened lated and is now available in 20 – work in some of the larger vil- .

languages. Until the war com- lages during the last ten years.

pelled the evacuation of some Although motor roads cover the stations, Protestant missionaries country and educational train- totalled 184 at 35 stations, while ing is available, fanatical Moroc- Roman Catholics had a force of co continues much the same. 45 foreign priests and 30 native Legal restrictions and prohi~ priests. The largest American bitions of action imposed by the

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

French authorities have ham- The Message Refused leaders in the fight, and one of pered efforts at direct evangel- the Methodist black men adization, stopped all school work Mr. Jenkinson, of the Unevan- dressed the House of Assembly except classes of very elemen- for nearly an hour in executive tary teaching, and no~ t~reat~n gelized Fields Mission, at a re- session. to close all medical mISSIOn dISpensaries as they are at present cent meeting in London told how -Christian Ad'vocate. conducted. Under French administration an official medi~al he arrived in an African village Christian Council for service is being developed WhICh extends into all the cities, towns one afternoon and realized that South Africa and larger villages. R.egulatio~s have been issued whIch forbId much good might be accom- The first steps toward formmedical practice to those who ing a Christian Council in South are not legally qualified to prac- plished there. "The chief was Africa were taken in May, 1934. tice in their own country, be After two years, negotiations they British or of any other na- not sober, but came and sat are nearing completion. On tionality. This applies equally June 24, over sixty representato nurses, midwives and chem- down on the veranda of the rest- tives of churches and missionists, and the terms of the law are ary societies met at Bloemfonso worded that doctors may not house where I was staying. I tein to consider the proposed supply or dispense their. own constitution, which was finally prescriptions unle~s ~here IS .no talked to him for two or three adopted. The functions of the chemist's shop wlthm a mIle. new Council are: But H. M. Consul-General inter- hours, and by that time he ~as vened, and a concession ,,:as. ar- (a) To bring together for periodiranged whereby those mISSIOn- practically sober. Then he saId: cal conference and counsel representaaries who were actively engaged tives of the churches, mission sociein giving medical treatment to a"Wll eylOl~ white man, I have heard ties and other Christian agencies of the Moors in the year 1913 are have to say. I will have South Africa, particularly for consulpermitted to continue to do so tation upon matters bearing upon the until they retire. Dispensaries the drums beaten tonight to tell spiritual and general welfare of the more recently established-as non-European races. those of the B.C.M.S.-may also all my headmen to come and give medical relief with simple, (b) To promote, through commitnonpoisonous remedies; but. the hear this message, and they can tees, commissions or otherwise, study Consul-General deprecates the and investigation of the problem of extension of such work. decide whether they want to evangelizing and Christianizing the people of South Africa. -E. M. M. S. Quarterly. hear further, or whether they (c) To take joint action on any Seek to Evangelize Moslems would rather you go away." matters within the scope of the au- thority that may be given to the A recent development in the The drums were beaten, and Council by its constituent bodies. field of missions is the lively interest in the evangelization of early next morning the people (d) To promote cooperation in mis- Moslems in their North African sionary work, especially in evangelisterritories, shown by the Protes- began to arrive. The headmen tic, educational, medical and social tant youth of France. The work, and in the production of ver- Young Men's Christian Associa- came carrying their spears, nacular literature. tion, the Student Christian Federation, Association of Scouts their' wives walking behind. (e) To promote such fellowship and Guides and missionary among the churches as will create an groups have since 1932 been They talked for some time, but atmosphere of respect and confidence united in the "North African and will lead to united thinking, inter- Sheaf." A missionary camp is in the end their decision was: ceding, planning and action on the held in September at Constan- part of the Christian forces of the tine, Algiers, or Oran. There "We do not want you; we do not country. are also fifteen groups of the Young Women's Christian Asso- want your message." It seemed (f) To represent the Christian ciation in large centers like forces of South Africa in their rela- Tunis, Constantine, Algiers, as if the powers of evil were tions with the International Mission- Oran and Rabat, doing splendid ary Council and with national Chrismissionary and social work. loosed in that village. Mr. J en- tian organizations in other lands.

-World Survey Service. kinson continued: "I would ha,:,e -South African Outlook.

done anything to reverse theIr MISCELLANEOUS N decision but it could not be Promoting Race Harmony done. ext morning I went The History Society recently sadly away, and so far as.I know sponsored a contest on the sub- ject "How can youth develop co- the Gospel has never agam been operative and harmonious rela- tions among the races of the preached there. It is only earth ?" open to those under thirty living in Africa, Austra- prayer that can overcome these lia, Canada and New Zealand. The winner, Mr. Tsotsi, a twen- things." -The Life of Faith.

Race Question in Cape Colony In the Union of South Africa the race question is a burning issue. The Government has P!O- posed to abolis~ the Cap.e natIve franchise. ThIS met WIth s~ch opposition that the. premle.r withdrew the bill. HIS substI- tute measure does not recognize the right of the native to att.ain full citizenship. The Methodls~s of South Africa have made theIr influence felt in this controversy. The Conference declared, "The African people form an integral part of the Union, and they are entitled to the opportunities of attaining citizenship." Natives flocked to Capetown during the discussion. Methodists were

ty-one-year-old South African in Denmark, Norway, Rumania Too many times missionaries try to Negro, suggested the denuncia- reproduce their own parish life as they and Yugoslavia. Meanwhile, tion of all statements that inten- Tunisia has sent in 9,500 signa- knew it at home. Thus, we do not sify race feeling, the boycotting tures and in Ceylon the Wom- produce a native church but a trans- planted one. Under the circumstances of all books and films that preach en's Political Union has voted its we should not wonder why our conracial domination and the encouraging of all that demon- endorsement. verts show so little initiative and sense strate the advantages of cooper- -The Churchman. of responsibility for self-support and World Statistics self-propagation. The unity we main- The Statistical Institute of the tain is one of Western customs and League of Nations estimated the ative action. As if with one world population at approxi- practice. By maintaining this kind of voice, all the papers called for a mately two billion. The popula- uniformity we have avoided heresy fair system of government un- tion is increasing. annually at a and schism, but thereby we have also der which everyone would have little more than eighteen mil- prevented the creation of a native thean equal opportunity to learn lions or about 50,000 a day. Fig- ology. Because there has been so little and to serve. gures for the continents are as creative thought on the part of the follows: Asia, Russia not in- mission church, there has been little Mr. Tsotsi is of the Xhosa cluded, 1,710,000,000; Europe, missionary zeal and little sense of retribe and is a teacher at Blyths- fifth in size, 382,000,000; Rus- sponsibility for self-support…. wood Institution in Butterworth, sia, alone, 164,000,000; Africa, a town of 575 inhabitants. He both white and black, 143,000,- The early church was a Koinonia, traced many of the causes for 000; North America, 135,000,- a fellowship, before it was an ecclesiu, racial antagonism to the fact 000; United States, alone, 127,- an organized body. We must restore that in Asia, Africa and Ameri- 000,000; South America, 85,- to the <::hurch its primary duty of ca there was "the anomaly of 000,000; Central America, 35,- evangelization. Our task is one of white capital and colored labor." 000,000; Australia and Oceania, inspiration, not institutionalism. We He will receive $300 as his prize. 10,000,000. Population in Rus- need to rely more on the Holy Spirit. sia is increasing faster than any -New York Times. Faith Missions Mandates Against War A recently published pamphlet summarizes the service of pop- People's mandates against ularly called Faith Missions. war is an international move- The Interdenominational For- eign Mission Association of North America was formed in ment. In Hungary seven large place else on earth, 4,000,000 a 1917 by a group of foreign misassociations are collaborating. year or at the rate of 2 per cent. sionary societies that were not In Holland the text of the Man- denominationally related, but date was reprinted in 600 news- New Newspaper Evangelism which held identical doctrinal papers. In Sweden 100,000 peo- Newspaper evangelism, first convictions and adhered to simple signed the Mandate at 200 tried out in Japan, is steadily ilar missionary principles and reaching into other countries. practices. Prayer fellowship, peace meetings. In China, the movement is still conferences concerning mission- In Czechoslovakia 30 impor- new, although two Hankow ary policy, and united appeal for papers have carried daily adver- world evangelization are aims tant organizations are enlisted tisements about Christianity for of the organization. in this cause, while in Finland months, and a number of en- 16 groups are at work. Syria quiries have been received. In Listed in the order of their reports 18 groups with 30,000 India, a weekly article inserted inception, the sixteen societies in a Karachi paper has brought that are now members of the signers. enquiries from people of all Association are: The Woman's In Australia the text of the classes and faiths. An experi- Union Missionary Society of ment in Christian journalism is America, the China Inland Mismandate has been spread on also being carried on in Moham- sion, the India Christian Mispostal cards and in Greece six medan countries; while in Spain women's organizations are col- the editor of El Popular, a wide- sion, the South African General laborating. Work has also be- ly read paper, has agreed to P!lb- Mission, the Central American gun in Egypt and in Spain. lish a Christian article of 1,000 words every Sunday for a year. Mission, the Sudan Interior Mis- In France more than 30 organizations representing 600,- -Report. sion, the Ceylon and India Gen- 000 members, as well as 60,000 Missionary Institutionalism eral Mission, the Africa Inland other individuals, have voted for Mission, the Bible House of Los the Man d ate. Conspicuous In a most able and persuasiveamong the signers here are ex- address Bishop Ludlow, of the Angeles, the Inland South Amer- Protestant Episcopal Church, service men. made some far-reaching state- ica Missionary Union, the Bo- In Great Britain 28 societies ments concerning the conduct of livian Indian Mission, the North the church's missionary endeavand 1,027 meetings had signed or. He said in part: East India General Mission, the· up to last March. These meet- Evangelical Union of South ings were arranged by women's America, the American Euroassociations, the Labor Party, pean Fellowship, the Orinoco religious groups, the Society of River Mission, and the Latin Friends and by the Liberal America Evangelization Cam- Party. paign. The campaign has also begun Our Missionary Bookshelf Books Briefly Reviewed for the Readers' Information I ~,===========-=–,~ Puritans in the South Seas. By Louis and tireless-not the foolish and the daily life of the fellahin, the B. Wright and Mary Isabel Fray. selfish, uneducated and selfish Illustrated. 8 vo. 347 pp. $3.00. zealots here depicted. downward drag of Moslem en- Henry Holt & Co. New York. 1936. Some critics of missions fur- vironment and the trials of new The authors of this story of nish interesting and useful read- Christian missions in Tahiti, ing, for they write facts and de- converts. The book is very read- Raratonga and Hawaii cannot scribe scenes dramatically and hide their antipathy to the Puri- with a sense of humor. These able and will awaken interest tans, their disapproval of mis- authors are dry and give pracsions and their lack of sympathy tically no information of value and intercession. S. M. Z. with Christian standards and in regard to the islands and the ideals. While they claim to have people. They repeat the same The Story of the American Negro. written without prejudice, their cynical criticisms over and over By Corinne Brown. The Friendship whole attitude and the words again ad nausium-missionaries Press, New York. 208 pp. $1.00. they use reveal their lack of 'uneducated; seeking to create knowledge and their antagonism markets for European goods; Perhaps no better textbook to the whole enterprise: "Zeal- tempted by the easy morality of for the study of the racial prob- the South Sea women; super- lem in America has appeared ots" impose their religious and ficial in their work, etc., etc. from the press for a decade. It social points of view on a primi- is based on authoritative sources, tive people; "popish supplies to It is unfortunate that "Puri- it traces the story to its sources keep away scurvy"; "mission- tans in the South Seas" could and is unpartisan. It is brief aries had come to T,ahiti in the not have been written judicially but not scrappy and holds the expectation of turning an honest to reveal the mistakes and the reader's attention. The writer is penny"; "the work of the Lord achievements of the early mis- a recognized leader in the pres- sionaries and to show some of ent younger generation and by proceeded on a solid foundation the lessons learned and put into birth, training, wide travel and of real estate." These are some practice in later years – in the real sympathy is qualified for of the phrases that occur in the way of dress, education, the ap- her task. The ten chapters tell first few pages and similar ones preciation of native character us how and why the Negro came recur many times throughout and customs and the develop- to our shores, and what were the the book. In fact, the evident ment of Christian life and conditions in his ancestral home; aim of the authors is to hold mis- service. what the colonial pattern of sions in the South Seas up to slavery meant for master and ridicule. While they quote from The Soul of Egypt. By Allison slave; how it was modified by missionary letters and reports, it Douglas Boutros. Marshall, Morgan the industrial era followed by is to give unfavorable views of and Scott, London. Zondervan Pub- the breakdown of slavery and a lishing House, Grand Rapids, Mich- civil war which did not emancithe work and workers. When igan. 126 pp. 40 cents. pate in the tragic era of reconthey quote other authors, they struction. We learn of the never quote friendly and sym- A vivid portraiture of the land struggle for freedom, the Black of the Nile as a field for evan- Man's burden and the emergence pathetic reports like that of gelism by an independent mis- of "Brown America" with its Robert Louis Stevenson. sionary who through marriage chief problem – how to live to- and close contact with the gether or apart and to love each Honest, constructive criticism Egyptian people writes with other. A full bibliography, notes, of missions is welcomed. Mis- knowledge and sympathy. The references and a good index comtakes have been made in men note of personal experience is plete this unique study. and women sent out, in methods dominant and there is little used, and in aims held in view. about the work of other missions S. M. ZWEMER. The way missions were con- carried on for many decades, ducted a hundred years ago were nor much breadth of outlook on A Preface to Racial Understanding. different from the way they are the strategy of missionary occu- By Charles S. Johnson. Friendship pation and administration. Press, New York. 206 pp. $1.00. conducted today. The Puritans were strong but uncompromising There are telling chapters on The author is director of the and at times were without sym- Department of Social Science at pathetic understanding, but as a Fisk University. He has served rule they were brave and true as Director of Research and In- vestigation under the Carnegie Any of the books noted in these columns will be sent by the REVIEW publishers on receipt of price.

[559 ] Foundation and is editor of the the development of personality. among the natives, but after all magazine Opportunity. This, . . . Only as men are regenerate it is only as men are delivered his most recent work on the can they build a regenerate so- from the "Power of Darkness, American Negro, bears a modest ciety." The author has never al- that Old Serpent, the Devil,"

title and covers an enormous lowed mere "story-telling" to ob- that we can hope to see the "new field of investigation. A recent scure the great spiritual burden order of life" which is "Christ in bibliography of the Negro in on his heart. He says also: you, the Hope of Glory."

Africa and America contains "The spiritual enters profoundly Second, the author might have 17,000 titles. The bibliography into the complex reactions of made more prominent, especially here selected suggests less than human life, in sickness as well in the appeal of his last chapter, threescore books, of which the as in health, and the physician that the missionary's endeavor gist can be found in these eight (the author is a physician) first, last, and always is to save chapters. They relate the story whose ministry is merely to the souls unto eternal glory. True, of the Negro, his social life, edu- body is rendering only a defec- eternal issues are being decided cation, contribution to American tive service." here and now, but this present civilization, and give examples Anyone not familiar with na- life is not The Life, that eternal of Negroes who attained in tive life in West Africa will find life. There should be not less church and state. The last chap- her e picturesque descriptions stress on cooperation, councils, ter is practical on the Conquest and information which gives a schools, etc., but more stress on of Racial Prejudice. The lit- clear understanding of the situa- the experience of the new birth; erary contributions of the Negro tion, together with folk tales and for thousands of natives who to American life and especially stories that relieve the common- have accepted Christ nominally, to music are described at some place. as yet know little or nothing of length. The author holds that It has been interesting, as a the "power of His resurrection." the greatest contribution of the fellow missionary, to observe dif- Dr. Lerrigo has addressed church to the Negro has been ferences in methods of work in. himself to a great problem, and the work of pioneer missionaries the Congo Mission and in the has tried to make other people since the days of reconstruction. Cameroun stations of another see what he has seen in his re- The Negro church today has a society but such details in no cent tour. He says, "The Chrismembership of over five million wise disturb the general sim- tian cannot assume that he is the and expended in one year for its ilarity of mission work. The only single-hearted person in the upkeep more than forty-three author shows himself intimately world. Other great idealistic million dollars. It is unfortunate acquainted with the main cur- movements have arisen in comthat even today less than twenty rents of life in the Congo, and petition, and the genuine comper cent of the Negro clergy hold its problems, government policies munist or even the socialist is academic or theological degrees. and projects, and the present de- likely to laugh at the mild ideal- The church of America is the termined effort of the Church of ism of the traditional Christian testing ground for the great Rome. Says he, "A few white who has taken his conviction moral issue of racial understand- folks coming with a great spir- second-handed, and whose reliing and the conquest of racial itual me s sag e have found gious habits are copies of a pre- S. M. ZWEMER. response, comradeship and af-. vailing type. This sort of Chrisprejudice. iection among these folks of tian experience does not get one Omwa? Are You Awake? By P. H. another race, and t h r 0 ugh very far." Dr. Lerrigo sees J. Lerrigo. self-effacing toil have released clearly that a time may come This book should accomplish springs of initiative and power when "for Thy sake we are killed its purpose to awaken the mis- which have already carried the all the day long" (Romans 8: sion-minded constituency of great Negro community far 36). Continuing, he says, "But churches in America to a new realization of what the mission- along the road to self-under- if it ever does come, I believe soary enterprise is about, and how standing, self-control and a new called Christian people will imperative it is to maintain the order of life and growth." quickly separate into three al- Christian message among the most equal classes: Those who unevangelized "while it is yet On two points I could wish promptly and cheerfully abanday." that the author had placed more don their religious profession to stress: First, the chapter on go with the tide; those who halt The reviewer, as a mission- "Worship : Outdoors and In" between two opinions and suffer ary for thirteen years in West should have included some de- profoundly in the process; and Africa, I can testify that the au- scription of the "principalities finally those whose Christian thor's descriptions are true to faith is steadied and quickened the original settings and the in- and powers" of the demon hosts until they are ready to die for ferences have been clearly de- against whom the missionary it" (page 170). All in the homeduced. must contend. All the accessory land, who name the name of enterprises of mission work, Christ as their veritable Master, such as schools, hospitals, agri- cultural institutes, etc., are Dr. Lerrigo says: "The mis- necessary to bring about "self- are urged to be "stripped and sionary contribution to Congo's understanding, self-control, and equipped for Christ's service." life has to do preeminently with a new order of life and growth" L. PAUL MOORE, JR.

Book. House. Press and Publications CALVERT'

Board. London. Valorous Adventures: A Record of "The School That Comes Sixty and Six Years of the Wom- Shaping the Future: A Study in To You" an's Foreign Missionary Society, World Revolution. Basil Mathews. Methodist Episcopal Church. Mary 160 pp. 2s. 6d. S. C. M. Press. No matter where you live, you can Isham. 446 pp. $1.25. Woman's London. give your child a superior education Foreign Missionary Society. Bos- from kindergarten to high school with ton. With Christ Into Tomorrow. Hun- Calvert school home study courses. ter B. Blakely. 160 pp. 50 cents. First, the Kingdom I The Story of Presbyterian Committee on Publica- Recommended by Mission Boards, Robert Fletcher Moorshead, Phy- tion. Richmond, Va. Educators, State Department and SICIan. H. V. Larcombe. Illus. Army and Navy Officials. 184 pp. 3s. 6d. Carey Press. Lon- The Dawn of Religion. Eric S. don. Waterhouse. (Great Religions of Daily lessons, selected books, station- the East.) 134 pp. 2s. 6d. Ep- ery, special materials and personal India. Part I, to 1837; Part II, worth Press. London. guidance . . • by mail . . • from our 1858-1936. H. H. Dodwell. (Mod- prominent and successful private day ern States Series Nos. 9 and 10.) Christianity and the Malays. Lawr- school in Baltimore. 131 and 274 pp. Each 3s. 6d. Ar- ence E. Browne. 78 pp. Is. S. P. rowsmith. London. G. in Foreign Parts. London. Write today for illustrated catalog.

Ten Africans. Edited with introduc- Children of Sunny Syria. Myrta H. Mrs. G. S. Rhoad•• tion by Margery Perham. Map. Dodds. 147 pp. $1.50. Crowell. Director of Home Instruction 356 pp. 15s. Faber and Faber. New York. London. CALVERT SCHOOL East Is East. Lessons on the Church Alien Americans: A Story of Race in Korea. Ruth Henrich and Elsie 1811 Tuscany Road Baltimore, Md. Relations. B. Schrieke. 208 pp. Fox. 60 pp. Is. S. P. G. in For- eign Parts. London. . $2.50. Viking Press. New York. Indian Thought and Its Develop- Okumeinscher Verlag. Stettin. The World Quest, 1936-1937: The ment. Albert Schweitzer. 265 pp. Germany. Fourth Unified Statement of the $2.50. Holt & Co. New York. Work of the Church Overseas, its The Story of the Bible. Edgar J. present position, opoprtunities and The Land of the Morning Calm. Goodspeed. $1.50. 150 pp. Univer- needs, in those areas which receive Ruth Henrich. 80 pp. Is. S. P. sity of Chicago Press. Chicago. help from the Church of England G. in Foreign Parts. London. and its Sister Churches in the Brit- Twelve Negro Americans. Mary Jen- ish Isles, together with a survey of The Medieval Missionary (World ness. 180 np. $1.00 cloth, 60 cents the response of the Church at home. Mission of Christianity Series) . paper. Friendship Press. New Illus. Maps. 131 pp. Is. Church James Thayer Addison. 175 pp. York. Cloth, $2.00; paper, $1.25. I. M. C., If you use New York.

PRINTING Stories of Korea: Lessons for Little JUST OFF THE PRESS! Children. K. O. Brightman. 28 pp. YOU will profit from an ac- quaintanceship with us. We S. P. G. in Foreign Parts. London. ~!,mn~ do the job complete in our own plant, whether it be large or Secrets at Sidleigh. Margaret P. small. Neill. 252 pp. 2s. Pickering & While our specialty is Books, Inglis. London. of tbt Mag~inu and Pamphlets, yet "I Am Jesus." And Other Evangel- we have a variety of modern istic Sermons. J. C. Massee. 117 equipment to meet all the re- pp. $1.00 cloth, 65 cents paper. ((bri~tian quirements of your particular Zondervan. Grand Rapids. job. You will find our service prompt, careful and courteous. The Living Christ. Will H. Hough- 1.ift ton. 133 pp. 75 cents. B. I. C. WU! you allow U8 to estimate Assn. Chicago. elf BOOK of worship in song, com- on your next printing? We be- bining a hymnal for general lieve you will be delighted with Preaching Christ in Corinth. Klaas church use, and a song book for evan- our product, price and service. Jacob Stratemeier. 114 pp. $1.00. ~tic purposes. Otily songs sound Zondervan. Grand Rapids. m the Faith and inspirational- in char- The EVANGELICAL PRESS Portraits of Christ in the Gospel of acter included—emphasizing Evangel- PrinteT. of John. Harold S. Laird. 126 pp. The Missionar,y ReOli…, of rile World 75 cents. B. I. C. Assn. Chicago. ism, Missions, and the Deeper Life.

PLANT AND MAIN OFFICE Southern Baptists in World Service. Many of the new–·the best of the old. third and Rally SIr.ets H.rrilbllfl. P.. E. P. Alldredge. 172 pp. 60 cents cloth, 40 cents paper. Sunday 504 Songs Responsive Readings School Board, Southern Baptist Convention, Nashville. T opicallndex Gold Embossed E Ming and E Rue: A Story of Child Published in round notes and Roxite cloth Life in Old Peking. Margaret Ros- siter White. 91 pp. $1.00. Revell. edition only at $65.00 per lOO-an especially New York. low price. Single copy, 85e. postpaid. • So Half Amerika-Die Auslandshilfe der Vereinigten Staaten. 1812-1930. IRI Write toda, for returnable sample coJ>:Y Hermann Stohr. 328 pp. 5.60M. CH!USTIAN PUBUCATIONS, INCORPORATED Third and Reily Streets Harrisburg, Pa.

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DON'T MISS THIS OPPORTUNITY Our Special Christmas Offer is good only until December 25th. We will send two annual subscriptions-both new or one new and one renewal-for one year for $4.00. (Regular price $2.50 each.) Among the coming articles are papers by LESSONS FROM THE PAST ………………………… Robert E. Speer EVANGELICAL WORK IN PALESTINE ………………. R. W. McClenahan c. A MODEL MISSION TO THE NAVAJOS …………………. S. Salsbury THE CRoss-THE POWER OF GoD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mason Olcott THE MEDICINE MAN IN AFRICA ………………….. T. Cullen Young ()FF TO THE ISLES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Murdock McKJnnon RURAL CHRISTIANITY IN AMERICA …………………. Special Number CHRIST AND THE MOSLEM WORLD TODAy …………… Special Number Save $1.00. Take advantage of this offer HOW. Two Twelve-Month Subscriptions for $4.00 MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING Co., Third and Reily Sts., Harrisburg, Pa.

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The Missionary Review of the World — January 1935

1935

Robert Laws of Livingstonia D. R. Mackenzie Problems and Encouragements Robert E. Speer John R. Mott Robert P. Wilder Robert H. Glover Stephen J. Corey C. Darby Fulton A. C. Snead The Present Situation in Missions Julius Richter New Cooperative Advance at Home Charles E. Schaeffer When a Kurd Becomes a Christian Delavan L. Pierson Mrs. E. E. Olcott-An Appreciation Samuel M. Zwemer

to Remember Obituary Notes widow,Mary Wentworth McConaughy

January 2-4-Annual Meeting, For- The Rev. Henry C. Velte, D.D., two brothers, one of whom is Dr. eign Missions Conference, Garden missionary in India for the past fifty4 David McConaughy, expert on stew- City, N. Y. two years, died at Saharanpur on N0- ardship; by a sister, a daughter and vember 19th. He was a highly hon- January 6-12-Universal Wee k of ored missionary of the Presbyterian two sons, one of whom is Dr. James Prayer. Church, U. S. A., and for 20 years was at the head of Saharanpur Theo- McConaughy, President of Wesleyan January 7-ll-Annual Me e tin g s, logical Seminary. Five years ago he Home Missions Council and Council was elected Moderator of the United University, Middletown, Connecticut. of Women for Home Missions, Phil- Church of Northern India. The situa- adelphia, Pa. tion changed greatly during his mis- The Rev. Al*ber*t * Fulton, D.D., sionary career and Dr. Velte was born January 22-February 16-C 0 r nell in Wertheim, Germany, in 1857, and A. School for Missionaries, Cornell, was educated in Hopkinton, Iowa, and N.Y. McCormick and Princeton Theological for 42 years an honored miSSionary of Seminaries. He is survived by his FLORIDA CHAIN OF MISSIONARY wife Charlotte Haduth Velte and a the Presbyterian Board of Foreign ASSEMBLIES son, the Rev. F. Mowbray Velte, who is a missionary in India. Missions, died on December 10th in For further information, write to Miss B. Louise Woodbud, 930 23d *** Pasadena, California. Dr. Fulton was Ave. N, St. Petersburg, Fla. Mrs. Wallace J. Anderson, a mis- born in Ashland, Ohio, in 1849 and January 26-30-0rlando. sionary of the Presbyterian Church, January 27-30-Deland. died in Seoul, Korea, of peritonitis, after being graduated from Princeton January 30-February I-Palm on November 30th. Mrs. Anderson College and Seminary, was appointed (nee Lillian E. Beede) was born in a missionary to Canton, China, in Beaches. Charleston, Nebraska, and was edu- February 2-7-Miami. cated at Occidental College and the 1879. He was preeminently a pioneer February 7-S-Bradenton. University of California. She went February 7-S-Fort Myers. to Korea as a missionary in 1917 and missionary, est a b lis h i n g many February 9-1S-St. Petersburg. was engaged in educational work in February 10-13-Clearwater. the Girls' Academy and Bible Insti- churches and preaching halls in South February 13-1S-Tampa. tute, Seoul. She is survived by her February 17-19-Lakeland. husband and two young daughters. China. When he went to China there February 17-19-Winter Haven. was strong opposition to Christianity February 19-21-Gainesville. *** and almost no railroads, electricity or February 23-26-Jacksonville. other modern improvements. The Dr. David S. Oyler, former mis- Presbyterian Church is almost the II If you use sionary of the United Presbyterian only agency to carry the Gospel to Church in the Egyptian Sudan, died 8,000,000 people of Kwangtung Prov- PRINTING in Monmouth, Illinois, November 19th. ince. Dr. Fulton was honorably re- Dr. Oyler was born in Nortonville, tired in 1922 and returned to America. Y OU will profit from an ac- Kentucky, January 11, 1881, and after quaintanceship with us. We graduation from Sterling College and Mary Halse* Gr*igg*, wife of Rev. do the job complete in our own Xenia Theological Seminary, Ohio, plant, whether it be large or went to the Sudan in 1910. After Ernest Grigg of Burma, died October small. seventeen years of service in Dolieb 15, 1934, after more than 40 years of Hill, he was obliged to return to service in that country under the Bap- While our specialty is Books, America for health reasons and be- tist Foreign Mission Society. Her Magazines and Pamphlets, yet came pastor of the United Presby- work was carried on among Chins, we have a variety of modern terian Church at Cutler, Ill. He is Chinese, Indians and Shans. equipment to meet all the re- survived by his wife, the former Lil- quirements of your particular lian Picken, and four children. *** job. You will find our service prompt, careful and courteous. *** The Rev. and Mrs. John C. Stam, Will you allow us to estimate Rev. James E. East, D.D., formerly American missionaries under the on your next printing? We be- a Negro missionary to Africa from lieve you will be delighted with the National Baptist Church of Amer- China Inland Mission, and their 10- our product, price and service. ica, died in Philadelphia last October. J ames East was born in Alabama, weeks-old daughter, were captured on The EVANGELICAL PRESS fifty-three years ago and in 1906 December 10th by Communist bandits went to South Africa, and was sta- in Southern Anhwei Province, China. Printers of tioned at Ganda, Middlerift, where he The Missionary Review of the World did notable work among the Bantu, Mr. and Mrs. Stam were murdered helping to found over forty native but the baby was allowed to live and PLANT AND MAIN OFFICE Farmer's Associations and coopera- was restored to her grandparents. Third and Reily Sireet. Hlrrlsburg, PI. tive banks. Then Dr. East was called back to America to become secretary Mr. Stam was 27 years old and was of the Foreign Mission Board of the National Baptist Convention, with the son of Rev. Peter Stam, pastor headquarters in Philadelphia. of Star of Hope Mission, Paterson, Dr. James M*cC*ona*ughy. of Phila- N. J. Mrs. Stam was a daughter of delphia, for some years secretary of the Rev. and Mrs. Charles E. Scott, the American Sunday School Union, American Presbyterian missionaries died in his home in Germantown, Pa., on December 6th at the age of seventy- at Tsinan, Shantung, China. seven. Dr. McConaughy was for- merly a teacher of Bible in Mount Her- Mr. Peter Stam and family, in a mon School for Boys and did a notable work as Bible teacher, author, editor telegram to the C. 1. M., give clear and executive. He is survived by his testimony to the victorious spirit in which they received the heart-rending news: "Sacrifice great but not too great for Him who gave Himself for us. Experiencing God's grace. Ro- mans 8: 28." (Concluded on 3d cover.) Sunday School Supplies J'ouoo:, spliiltml ~i1osofk WI'IlJ,JUI'-I"''' I-fIotirlIe/rInII6ktlHiM!tngifnIeflrIsiHMIss

MISSIONARY look well on any library table in the post-war experience. Recently

REVIEW OF THE WORLD country." WILLIS CHURCH LAMOTT. has been a good deal of building and I am not certain that 'eight in a room' DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Editor Tokyo, Japan. would still stand true."

VOL. LVIII JAN., 1935 No.1 *** "As to my own expense fund, I re- ceive $5.00 a month while I am at Publication and Business Office "Each issue of THE REVIEW brings K. H., and it should be added that my Third and Reily Sts., Harrisburg, Pa. a vast amount of very helpful infor- travel in England, postage, phone ma.tion, and I have been enjoying to calls and medical attention are pro- Editorial and Executive Office the fullest extent this splendid mag- vided free, so that I am well cared for. 156 Fifth Avenue, New York City azine." REV. MERLE ApPELGATE. My own annuity fund is operated Entered as second-class matter at solely by the working people of the Post Office, Harrisburg, Pa., under Act Christian Church, Los Angeles, locality and provides 'home helps" for of March 3, 1879. California. families where a crisis leaves the 25 cents a copy-$2.50 a year. mother in need of help." Foreign Postage, 50 cents a year. "The October*RE*VIEW* , with its chal- Published monthly, except August. Personal Items All rights reserved. Copyrighted 1934. lenging and informing array of ar- British agents, Marshall, Morgan ticles on Japan, surely ought to be a The Rev. Alex. Harsanyi, Pastor of and Scott, 12 Paternoster Buildings, valuable number for supplementary the Hungarian Presbyterian congrega- London, E. C. 1 shilling per copy, use in the foreign missions study pro- tion of Yonkers, N. Y., a descendant 10 shillings a year. jected for the current year." of a Hungarian Protestant martyr family, was honored and feted re- MISSIONARY REVIEW PUB· WILLIAM B. LIPPHARD, cently by his people and his American Editor of "Missions," New York. friends at the fortieth anniversary of LISHING CO., INC. his ordination to the ministry. As TWO CORRECTIONS organizer of a number of Hungarian BOARD OF DIRECTORS congregations, as author, editor, and RoBERT E. SPEE'R, President Dr. E. W. Koons, of Korea, calls at- pastor he has rendered great services WM. I. CHAMBERLAIN, Vloe-Presldent tention to an error in the September to the cause of Christ among his coun- WALTER MCDOUGALL, Treasurer REVIEW (page 395) where the title to trymen. Mr. Harsanyi is Nestor of DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Seoretary the picture of the "public notice the Hungarian Protestant ministers SAMUEL MCCREA CAVERT against foreigners" should be cor- of this country. MRS. BO.RRLIlNPPHRA. RJUDDD rected to read: WM. *** "This tablet containing public no- ERIC M. NORTH tice warning Koreans against for- Martin L. Harvey, a young Negro MILTON T. STAUFFER eigners was made in 1866 and was set of Hempstead, L. I., has been elected up by the Tai-wun-Kun in the center president of the Christian Youth A. L. W ARNSHUIS of Seoul in 1871. The translation by Council of North America. He is the SAMUEL M. ZWEMER Dr. L. G. Paik, reads: When foreign first of his race to fill that position. barbarians invade the country we Editorial Chat neither wage war nor make peace *** with them. We warn our descendants Have you recommended THE REVIEW for 10,000 years." Dr. Frank C. Laubach expects to to your pastor and friends as an up- visit India some time after March, to-date and delightful way to keep in *. * * 1935, to demonstrate his method of touch with the progress of the work teaching which has been so successful of Christ throughout the world? Some Miss Muriel Lester, of London, in reducing illiteracy in the Philipof your friends would appreciate a writes that there are some slight in- pines. gift subscription and their interest in accuracies in the article on "Voluntary missions would be stimulated. Poverty in Action" which appeared in *** our November number. Miss Lester Here are the recent comments of says: "It was my grandfather, not Samuel Coles, agricultural missionsome of our readers: my father, who went to work as a ary at Galangue, West Africa, under bricklayer at the tender age of 8, the American Board for twelve years, "A friend of mine expressed the con- when his father had been press has been loaned for a period of three viction that if all the magazines in the ganged to fight in the Napoleonic years to the Booker T. Washington country would follow your step in de- wars. Again, overcrowding in the Institute of Katata, Liberia, to supervoting an issue to the cause of Chris- East End of London was much worse vise their building program. He is tian missions among other races, the than 'eight in a single room' in my very enthusiastic over the possibilities problem of racial understanding would in this new field. not be such a difficult one. I agree USED CUTS with him." – Jose G. Deseo, Pastor- *** Director, Filipino House of Friend- Plates and half tone illusship, Stockton, Calif. S. Franklin Mack, Publicity Direc- trations used in THE tor for the Presbyterian Board of * * *. Foreign Missions, is now engaged in MISSIONARY REVIEW making a three-months' tour of Latin "We appreciate the service rendered American countries to take motion through THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF during the past two years pictures and secure other publicity THE WORLD, and are trying to pro- material. The itinerary calls for a mote its circulation." for sale from 25 cents up, visit to Peru, Chile, Argentine, Brazil, Venezuela, Guatemala and Mexico. MRS. S. L. V. TIMMONS. plus postage. The material secured will be widely Director of Educational Dept., used in connection with the mission The Missionary Review study of Latin America, projected for Women's Work, Presbyterian 1935-36. Church, U. S. of the World *** *** THIRD AND REILY STREETS HARRISBURG, PA. Dr. Robert P. Wilder. formerly "The material in the June issue is General Secretary of the Student Volan excellent exposition of American [1 ] unteer Movement and later Secretary Oriental life and I hope the magazine of the Christian Council of Northern will receive wide circulation." Africa and Western Asia, is now in America but plans to go to England GRANT K. LEWIS; Secretary, United Christian Mis- (Concluded on 3d cover.) sionary Society.

*** "Let me congratulate you on the Japan number of THE REVIEW. It covers the field so thoroughly that I am wondering what else mission study classes will have to study! I like the make up of THE REVIEW. It would

FOR PRACTICAL INDUSTRIAL TRAINING IN LIVINGSTONIA

A GThOUP OF AFRICAN PASTORS PREPARElD TO EVANGELIZE THEIR OWN PEOPLE TRAINING CHRISTIANS IN LIVINGSTONIA, CENTRAL AFRICA REVIB ORLD VOLUME LVIII AN INTERDENOMINATIONAL REVIEW OF WORLD-WIDE CHRISTIAN PROGRESS NUMBER ONE JANUARY, 1935 Topics of the Times BEGINNING THE NEW YEAR the direction and help of Almighty God and by A man's character is largely indicated by the men and women filled with the Spirit of Jesus Christ. way he closed the old and begins the New Year. It is fitting then that again, at the first of the While New Year's Eve an'd New Year's Day are year, Christians be called together to observe the "Universal Week of Prayer" (January 6 to 13). widely and variously observed all over the world, This custom was organized by the Evangelical Alli- ance nearly ninety years ago (in 1846) and has some observe them by hilarity, drinking intoxi- been observed annually ever since, not only in America and Europe but now all over the world. cants, by feasts and ente~tainments; others ex- Great things are accomplished through prayer, not only subjectively in those who pray but objectively change friendly greetings, or join in Christian by the working of the Spirit of God to bring har- mony to the "good and acceptable and perfect Will Watchnight services with prayer and song. It is of God."

a time to take account of stock; to settle old debts This year preachers everywhere are asked to co- operate by preaching and leading prayer groups on and complete unfinished tasks; to prepare for new the following topics so that a world-wide circle of joint thinking and prayer may unite Christians undertakings and seek fresh visions for larger everywhere. The world situation at home and abroad calls for this more than ever. There are service. To some the New Year season is one of grave dangers that face church and home and State, but there are also reasons for good cheer and waste and frivolity, while to others it is a time of encouragement. The following are the main topics suggested: sobering thought, prayer and preparation for a new advance.

The old year is gone-irrevocably-and we can- not undo the mistakes we have made or all the harm that has been done. There has been waste and folly; gossip and unfriendly criticisms' self- ishness and greed; thefts, murders, oatdhuerltsemriaes~ blasphemies and other sins. We and suffer because of the mistakes and follies of the past but we can learn valuable lessons from them if we will. With the New Year come new oppor- tunities to learn, to grow, and'to achieve what is Sunday, January 6, 1935. TOPICS FOR SERMONS: worth while. There are new opportunities to pro- Trust in God-John 14: 1; Mark 11: 22, 24; 1 Tim. m?te peace on earth in place of war; to do away WIth race and class prejudice; to develop and ap- 4: 1~ . ply the principles of economic and social justice in place of unfair rivalry and oppression; to estab- Fellowship with Christ and Other Disciples-1 John 1: 3, lish honest politics and the true and equal observance ?~ laws, in place of political chicancery and 7; John 17: 21.

Service of Man in the Name of Christ-Mat. 25: 40; Mat. 28: 19-20; Mat. 24: 14.

Hope and Its Basis-Acts 26: 6; Rom. 8: 18-25; 1 Thess. 1: 3, 9-10.

favorItIsm; to promote education that develops Monday, January 7. NEED FOR REPENTANCE.

character rather than a system of fads and un- Thanksgiving for God's loving provision for all human tried theories; to express religion in deeds not need; that Christ finished the work of man's redempmerely in· words; to furnish the money and life tion and committed to us its proclamation to all men. needed to give the Gospel of Christ to all men without rivalry or prejudice, rather than spend money Confession for our failure to respond to human need' a,nd effort on luxurious church equipment and for our selfishness, pride, indolence, and lack of faith, rItual at home. Here are achievements worthy of for our hardness of our heart that hinders true reour best effort-but they can only be attained by pentance.

Prayer that God may open men's eyes and soften their hearts, bringing repentance and forgiveness. That [8]

the burden of the need of others may be felt by His from the outcastes and primitive peoples of India, children everywhere. Africa and other lands; for a revived interest among Christian statesmen in the cause of minorities. Scripture Readings-Rom. 3: 1-26; Gal. 5: 1-26; Ps.51. Confession of the growth of anti-Semitism in many na- Tuesday, January 8. THE CHURCH AND NEED FOR FAITH. tions; of the slow response to the needs of oppressed and persecuted peoples. Thanksgiving for the Church which includes peoples of every nation; for increasing opportunity and power Prayer for a keener sensitiveness to the needs of the to witness; for evidence that the GQspel is the power oppressed and helpless; for a fresh vision of Christ, of God unto salvation. who, without respect of persons, welcomes men and women of every class and nation. Confession of lack of faith and enterprise in completing the world-wide work; for lack of humility and for Scripture Readings-Rom. 11; 1 Cor. 1: 18-31; Rev. 7: failure to interpret truly Christ's spirit and message. 9-17.

Prayer for a new vision of our spiritual resources in Sunday, January 13. SPECIAL SERMONS ON CHRISTIAN Christ; for a deeper faith in God's power to establish UNITY, WITH C,QMMUNION. "That they all may be one His Kingdom through faith and obedience; for a vital …… that the world may believe that Thou hast sent spiritual quickening of the Church today. Me." John 17: 21.

Scripture Readings-Acts 2: 1-21; Mat. 16: 13-28; Col. THE FELLOWSHIP OF THE SPIRIT* 1; John 17: 9. An interdenominational fellowship of Chris- Wednesday, January 9. THE NATION'S NEED FOR FELLOW- tians has been formed to unite those who seek a spiritual reinvigoration of the Church, with new SHIP. power and enthusiasm; along Apostolic lines. It is similar to the First Century Christian Fellow- Thanksgiving for forces which restrain men's selfish am- ship – or Oxford Group Movement -with em- bitions; for all that nations have to give one another. phasis on Gospel witness, soul-winning, regenera- tion and enduement with power of the Holy Spirit. Confession of national self-seeking, suspicion, and jeal- ousy; of intolerance and suppression of freedom of Dr. William Carter, the Chairman, issues a speech and conscience. challenge to the churches to awake in these days of adversity. He says in substance: Prayer for a new sense of the nature and possibilities of fellowship; for wise leaders in national and inter- Times of prosperity affect us adversely just as much as national affairs. That each nation may contribute its times of adversity. Speaking of the rich, Job says: "They peculiar gifts to build up the Kingdom of God. spend their days in wealth, and in a moment go down to the grave. Therefore they say unto God, Depart from us; Scripture Readings-Rom. 12; Isa. 2; Isa. 52; Micah for we desire not the knowledge of thy way. What is the 4; Rev. 21: 1-7, 23-27. Almighty that we should serve him?"

Thursday, January 10. WORLD EVANGELIZATION. Times of adversity come and wealth is swept away; affluence becomes indigence; assurance becomes despair. Thanksgiving for a world-wide awakening to the pri- Then it is that some "Job's Comforter" comes crying: mary need of evangelism in Christian service; for na- "Dost thou still retain thine integrity? Curse God and tional leaders who are calling their fellow-countrymen die!" Many do both! The whole trouble with the Church to widespread evangelism; for the growth of self- is that we have joined altogether too much with the world support and of extension among native churches. instead of trying to win the world to Christ.

Confession of the narrow outlook of many Christians; Thank God, the material and physical crises cause some of the lack of sensitiveness to the need of the millions to turn to God, and these become the leaders not of a for- who have not yet heard the Gospel; of our reliance on lorn hope, but of a victorious advance. When Pentecost human resources rather than on the power of the had fully come, Peter turned from his cursing and denials Holy Spirit. of his Lord; James and John turned from their seeking for preferment; Thomas turned from his doubting to un- Prayer for a realization that every Christian is called alterable faith and love for his Lord and Master and all to be a missionary everywhere and at all times; for commenced, boldly, to preach the unsearchable riches of the realization that Christ and His Church can meet Jesus Christ their Lord. The cult of cowardice was the spiritual needs of this generation. changed into the cult of courage. These men crossed the seas, braved martyrdom and still preached, even to their Scripture Readings-Mark 16; Isa. 61; Acts 1: 1-11. jailors and persecutors, the unsearchable riches of Jesus Christ, their crucified Redeemer. Friday, January 11. YOUTH MOVEMENTS. No class, no condition, no age is kept from the blessing Thanksgiving for Christian homes, Sunday Schools, and if they watch and pray earnestly for it. Every day may all movements for the spiritual welfare of youth; for be a Pentecost to those fulfilling the conditions. Are we the new earnestness among the youth. looking for Pentecost? Do we want the same blessing? The godly Joseph Neeshima, of Japan, in a time of great Confession of failure to give youth a larger place in Christian enterprise; of neglect of the family as the • The chairman Is Dr. William Carter, a Presbyterian clergyman, chief means of Christian training. formerly of Brooklyn, New York; the secretary Is the Rev. Frank E. Simmons, of Brooklyn, New York, and other members of the gen- Prayer that the youth of this generation may surrender eral committee Include William A. Harbison, Hugh R. Monro, Dr. to God in Christ; that teachers of youth may utilize Don O. Shelton, Dr. Will H. Houghton, President of Moody Bible their opportunities and realize their responsibilities; Institute, and Rev. Daniel A. Poling, President of the World's So- that the enthusiasms of youth may be directed into Ciety of Christian Endeavor. The headquarters are 1421 Madison right channels. Ave., New York.

SC'npture Readings-1 Sam 3; Joel 2: 18-32; 1 John 2: 1-17.

Saturday, January 12. RESPONSIBILITY TO THE JEWS AND TO OUTCASTE AND PRIMITIVE PEOPLES.

Thanksgiving for the increasing response to the call of Christ among Jews; for large accession to the Church

TOPICS OF THE TIMES

stress said to his Christian followers: "Brethren we must This evangelical movement among Italians was advance, but we must advance on our knees." This is a great need of the Church today-to pray. To be effective, not the product of the missionary societies, but prayer must be personal, importunate ….. . came rather from the faith and passion of two The Church is needing another Pentecost. The President, his helpers, governors, mayors, and leaders in gen- Italians converted through American friends. A eral, are urging people to strive to solve these present national and international difficulties by moral and spir- little more than fifty years ago Antonio Arrighi itual means. The phrase most upon their lips is: "The Life more abundant," which means, in ecclesiastical terms, began his work on the lower east side of New the life that is hid with Christ in God. Evangeline Booth in her farewell address urged the nations, that had tried York which has continued in the far reaching everything else in their depression and anxiety, to "Try religion!" The Presbyterians of New York have inaugu- ministry of the Broome Street Tabernacle. Later rated a "Spiritual Crusade" and a "Covenant of Reconsecration." All of these are signs of what is expected of Michele Nardi, a talented young Italian padrone the Church and that the Church is getting a larger view of its duty to the perishing souls of men. in a mining camp, was given a New Testament The Fellowship of the Spirit stands for: (1) A recog- which so gripped him that he gave up his mining nition of the Lordship of the Holy Spirit in lives and hearts of men; (2) A whole Bible as the Word of God; and began the life of a missionary lay preacher. (3) A place for prayer in daily life; (4) A witness for God to others who need Him; (5) Individual sacrificial Italian churches in Pittsburgh, Chicago, New service to save the individual, the nation and the world, from itself, to God. A practical experience of these things York and other important cities trace their origin will revitalize the Church, stabilize society and change the world. to Nardi's flaming evangel. A report made to the This movement is only one of many that reveal Presbytery of New York in 1907 shows his influa hunger in men's hearts today and a sense of need for God and what He alone can supply. It ence by the following report: "During the past is evident not only in America and England but on the continent of Europe and in many parts of year two new Italian missions have been estab- India, China, Africa and other lands. But it is still a very difficult thing for human nature to lished and have been blessed with almost phenommake full surrender and then to follow the Way as revealed by the Spirit of God. enal results. The one in East 106th Street in the EVANGELICAL MOVEMENT AMONG colony known as Little Italy, with the noted evan- ITALIANS gelist, Mr. Nardi, in charge. He labors without compensation. From the first the room which accommodates only 114 has been crowded to over- flowing." Later, the city mission and denomina- tional home missionary societies gave their sup- port to the movement. Christian mission work of a very distinctive sort will be required for many years in the more congested and poorer Italian colonies. The continued need of these people de- mand the continuing interest of the missionary societies, but the responsibility for the conduct of the churches and for the direction of the work must reside in the Italian language churches and their leadership. W. P. SHRIVER.

A national interdenominational conference, SHALL WE ABANDON MEXICO?* which may well mark a new epoch in the evan- gelical movement among Italians in America, was Recent events in Mexico have prompted some held in New York, the first and second days of to question the worthwhileness of carrying the November, at the suggestion of the Italian Evan- Gospel to a people who are promoting education gelical Ministers Association. The conference was along nationalistic lines and seem to want no reconvened under the auspices of the Home Mis- ligion at all. When the liberal Constitution of sions Council and Council of Women for Home 1857 was adopted by Mexico and the Reform Missions, and began with a fellowship dinner, Laws promulgated, a section of the Mexican peowith over four hundred present, to celebrate the ple availed themselves of the privilege of religious contribution of Italian life to America. The ad- liberty and formed an independent evangelical dress was given by the Hon. Eduard Corsi, Di- church. When the Constitution of 1917 was rector of the Department of Public Welfare of adopted, all the provisions of the Juarez Constitu- New York. A united service of the fifty Italian tion were embodied. Church property was nacongregations of greater New York later brought tionalized and religion became a matter of govtogether an audience of nearly two thousand ernmental regulation. Moreover in Article 130 which filled the auditorium of the Fifth Avenue of the Constitution each State was given the right Presbyterian Church-a most unusual gathering. to decide how many clergy are to officiate within A fine spirit of unity prevailed throughout the its borders. Very little effort was made to enconference and the Home Missions Council was force these severe provisions during the years of asked to create a permanent committee to foster continuing cooperation in evangelical work among • Extracts from a statement prepared by the Rt. Rev. Frank W. Creighton, who was Protestant Episcopal Bishop of Mexico from the four and a half million Italians in America. 1926 to 1933.

reconstruction following the active period of the King Dormitory and Gymnasium were destroyed; Revolution. In fact not until 1927 was there any Junka Hall and the Dining Hall were badly dam- enforcement act passed by Congress. aged and other buildings suffered severely. The In spite of difficulties, evangelical Christians in total damage is estimated at Yen 123,578 but for- Mexico are doing an effective and helpful piece of tunately there was no loss of life.

work and are growing stronger in numbers and The Doshisha was started in 1875 with eight in zeal. Two articles of the Constitution of Mex- students. Today it has a total enrollment of 4,456 ico, as well as parts of others, deal with the ques- students (1,184 girls and 3,272 boys), 302 protion of religion. One of those articles grants en- fessors and instructors, with 12,591 alumni. The tire religious freedom under the law and one sec- Doshisha now consists of a Girls' Academy, Boys' tion of the Department of Interior is charged with Middle School, Woman's College, Semmon Gakko the duty of religious administration. Mexico is (a professional school of junior college grade), still very much concerned about religion, but is College of Commerce, Preparatory College, and very insistent as to the kind of religion to be University. It has always maintained the Christaught and how it shall be practiced. Mexico's tian principles of its founder, "for the advanceis a one-party government and any opposition is ment of Christianity, and the furtherance of eduanti-government agitation. When the Roman cation, to train men of living power for the serv- Catholic Church finds itself opposed to practically ice of true freedom and their country." every ideal of the Revolution and says so, the issue becomes clear. Protestants are not antagonistic The typhoon is also said to have greatly affected to the Government but suffer because of the con- Japan's political currents so as to force their actinuous strife. But the followers of Christ can- tivities into new channels to repair the damages. not either run away from difficulties or abandon An extraordinary session of the Diet was called the field because difficulties are acute. Such a sit- to meet the demands of the situation. The rice uation tries our mettle and steels us to go on. crop has been very seriously damaged and imme- Mexican Christians need our prayers and our sup- diate relief was required. The silk industry, on port as they go forward to make the living Christ the other hand, has been suffering from over-proreign in Mexico. We must respond to the crying duction, due to lack of foreign demand. This sit- uation and the need for relief have called for a need for the Gospel. decrease, rather than an increase, in appropria- The editor of World Dominion says: tions for the army and navy.

Mexico is making gigantic efforts to build up an original, THE FEDERAL COUNCIL LOOKS AHEAD genuine and national culture embracing all aspects of human life, without trying to copy or to be dependent upon The annual meeting of the Federal Council of other cultures and countries. The Indians are sharing the Churches of Christ in America was held in Dayresponsibilities of government. ton, Ohio, December 2d to 7th. Dr. Ivan Lee Holt, pastor of St. John's Methodist Episcopal Mexico is emphasizing, more than any other country in Church, South, of St. Louis, was elected president Latin America, the need of a school which will be coherent to succeed Dr. Arthur W. Beaven of Rochester. from the very beginning with the whole life of the Mexican The new vice-president is Dr. George W. Richnation, basing it more on life than on theories, more on ards, President of the Theological Seminary of the doing than on learning, and adapting itself to the daily Reformed Church in the United States, at Lanlife of the average Mexican-particularly the Indianmaking the schools, the text and the teaching to promote more a better life than general knowledge.

EFFECTS OF THE TYPHOON IN JAPAN caster, Pa.

The most terrific typhoon ever experienced in As in many other groups, the need for evan- Japan in modern times swept over the Osaka- gelism-the personal salvation of men through Kyoto district last September and destroyed or the Gospel of Christ-was emphasized, rather damaged many mission schools and churches in than the need for new methods of social service Osaka, Kobe, Kyoto and elsewhere. Approxi- and more money for education. A national mismately 3,000 people were killed and 14,000 in- sion to reach the "unchurched" was proposed, with jured. Eighty thousand houses were demolished, daily open-air evangelistic meetings in as many 350,000 were flooded, and 300 primary and sec- cities of the United States as is possible. Plans are ondary schools collapsed. Of 60,000 factories in being made for a ten-weeks' tour of twenty-five the Osaka district, 22,000 are reported damaged metropolitan -centers, with a team of some ten or or destroyed, causing merchants, artisans and twelve speakers. peasants to call for relief. The Federal Council stood strongly against One of the Christian institutions which severely traffic in alcoholic drink and in favor of all efforts suffered is the Doshisha University, Kyoto, to promote social and economic justice and interfounded by Joseph Hardy Neesima in 1875. The national peace and goodwill.

A VILLAGE ON THE SHORE OF LAKE NYASA – MT. WALLER IN THE

Robert Laws of Livingstonia By the REV. D. R. MACKENZIE, Edinburgh, Scotland IF ONE had to put into a single word his im- years, it is justly regarded as an outstanding ex- pression of Dr. Robert Laws, the first impulse ample of Christian progress in a heathen land. would be to say "massive." He was like a great block of Aberdeen granite, firmly rooted in the Pioneering soil congenial to his soul-the soil of the Kingdom of God. But "massive" after all means little; and David Livingstone died at Ilala in 1873. While Laws meant much over a wide area of human life the great traveler was pursuin,i his epoch-making in Central Africa. He did more for that great discoveries, his almost equally great spiritual sucland than any other man, of whatever rank or cessor was preparing himself for the task soon to occupation. He was a man of wide vision and far be placed in his hands. This was the task of givseeing wisdom; of purposes firmly held in the ing continuity to the work and shape to the asface of difficulties and opposition; of unfailing pirations of the Blantyre lad who had become the skill in the use of whatever materials lay to his world's hero. hand; and of sagacious adaptability in entering doors which either stood open or which, more fre- Robert Laws was born in Aberdeen in 1851 and quently, he was the means of opening. Add to this began to work as an apprentice in his father's a staunch courage, often called upon in those days shop, learning cabinet-making; but he was nursof the beginnings of his work, and always equal ing in his soul higher ambitions. Through the to every emergency. Equally massive are his difficulties and hardships which many another achievements. The Livingstonia Mission, under Scottish lad has overcome, he finally emerged, a his wise guidance, moved from one great success fully qualified physician and minister, a carpenter, to another until today, after a history of sixty with some knowledge of building, and a general handiness that never lost its skill in all the half century he was to spend in Africa. When the [7]

news came that Livingstone had died, Laws was guage had to be learned, houses and other buildready; and prosperous Christian men in the great ings to be erected, communication with the outer cities of Scotland formed a committee and estab- world to be maintained, and the health of the staff lished the Livingstonia Mission, now famous all cared for. It was a task for strong men, and over the Christian world. strong men had it in hand.

One watches in imagination a band of young Lengthened Cords and Strengthened Stakes Scotsmen, with Laws as one of their leaders, start out on the twelfth of October, 1875, to make their The tribes around Lake Nyasa shared to the toilsome way into the heart of Africa. Up the full the superstitions and beliefs of the Bantu great Zambesi River, with its age-long romance, peoples to whom they belonged. Witchcraft spread its baneful influence. The poison ordeal weeded out the enemies of the witch-doctor and the chief. The, spirits of the dead, always of- fended, were believed to send disease and death. Dangers lurked everywhere; for lions and leop- ards, controlled by evil men whose power was never doubted, sought the enemies of those who hired them, and killed or mauled them. Hunters went to the forest, and fishers to the river, guarded and reinforced by charms and magic medicines. Sickness was rampant and knowledge small of how to deal with it. To all this add the horrors of the slave trade, "the open sore of Cen- tral Africa," and inter-tribal warfare with its WHERE MARRIED APPRRiNTICES LIVE IN LIVINGSTONIA INSTITUTE they traveled into the hitherto little known Shire, A PARTLY COMPLETED NATIVE-BUILT CHAPEL its huge tributary. At last, in their tiny steamer, the "Ilala," rebuilt after passing the Muchison terrible toll of human lives and you have the ma- Rapids, they sailed out into the mighty waters of terials for a picture of what Laws and his com- Lake Nyasa, Livingstone's proudest discovery. panions were facing. And one listens, still in imagination, as these young men fling their challenge to the winds of a They faced it with a message of the Love of continent: "All people that on earth do dwell, God, and with a Book in which that story was sing to the Lord, with cheerful voice." Was it a told; but it first had to be translated into the lanchallenge, or was it merely a glad recognition that guage of the people. at last the end of their long journey was in sight? The winds carried the words three hundred and The first five years at Cape Maclear were years sixty miles up the Lake; then over hill and plain of toil and death. It was evident that if real progto what is now Northern Rhodesia; far out east ress was to be made a change must come. In and west to Zanzibar and the mouth of the Con- 1881 the headquarters were moved up the Lake to go; and in all that vast region there was none to Bandawe, in the land of the Tonga people. From join in the song, and none to whom the words, that time the development was rapid. Schools even had they been understood, would have con- were opened and teachers trained; men were veyed any real meaning. taken into the carpenter's shop for instruction; At Cape Maclear, famous as the first station of the Mission, the party settled down to work. Slowly the years passed; men came and went; or they came and stayed until death claimed them, and there they lie, witnesses to the compelling power of Christ, and to the strange tenacity of His servants in every land and every age.

Laws made voyages of discovery in the little "Ilala"; he undertook long overland journeys, establishing contacts with leading chiefs up and down the lake shore. An utterly unfamiliar lan-

ROBERT LAWS OF LIVINGSTONIA

others were taught bricklaying, printing, book tions were formed, with Kirk sessions and minbinding, and agriculture. The whole region was isters and evangelists, and schools were spread explored, and Dr. Laws, in such intervals as he all over the land. The Livingstonia Mission could command, took up his great task of trans- reached out into Northern Rhodesia at Ilala, at lating the· New Testament, preparing school Lubwa, and at Mwenzo; the people thronged to books, a grammar of the language, and dictionary the schools, eager to seize every opportunity for the use of new members of the mission who placed before them. were now coming to his aid. Under the direction of the Rev. A. G. MacAlpine a great mother The mind of the African race was being slowly church was built up, slowly other congregations reformed by many methods. Into the now safe were formed and other stations were opened world they went far from their home to work in throughout the land. Teachers, doctors and nurses the gold mines of Rhodesia, the copper mines of were sent out from Scotland and the Mission The Belgian Congo, and to other enterprises as was fully established.

Reforming the Africans But trouble arose. The wild and warlike Angoni, an offshoot of the fierce Zulus of South Africa, swept down from their high- land plateau and harried the unhappy Tonga people, burning villages, killing the men, and carrying off the women and children. Robert Laws went up into their country where he met the great warrior chief, Mombera, and the two strong men formed a friendship which was never broken. As a result of this conference Dr. Elmslie went to Ngoniland, and, after adventures that would have satis- fied a Knight of the Round Table, he won over the people and Christian progress was assured.

Meanwhile other events were happening.

Laws had long foreseen that the British Gov- ernment must take control of the country and, after a preliminary blunt refusal by Lord Salisbury, this was done in 1889. A great impulse was thus given to the forces of progress; peace was assured; the postal service united the country from end to end; roads everywhere began to be made; magis- trates administered the law, and numerous ancient feuds died out. Other missions were coming in. The Church of Scotland had long had its headquarters at Blantyre; the Church of England Mission established itself on Likoma Island; while the Dutch Reformed Oopyright-MoUat, Edinburgh. ROBERT LAWS OF LIVINGSTONIA Church of South Africa was working in the southern parts of Nyasaland. The Roman Church far as Zanzibar, and Durban. The homecoming also took up work, as well as the Baptists, and of these far traveled individuals brought new others. ideas to the villages, with new clothes, new ameni- The transformation of Africa was proceeding ties of civilization, new sources of wealth.

apace; and Laws, now a recognized authority in All this brought fresh problems to the mission- all matters concerned with mission work, was the aries, but Laws and his colleagues were equal to guide and counsellor of all. His advice was sought the demands made upon them, though often at by government, as well as by the heads of the new great cost to themselves in loss of health, and industries with which the country was being de- occasionally in loss of life. The problems of suc- veloped. Most important of all, the native Church cess took the place of those of failure. The great was growing with amazing rapidity. Congrega- crowds attending church and school had to be or-

ganized and shepherded. In 1894 it was decided In 1908 the Scottish Presbyterian Church be- that a central institution for training and educa- stowed on Dr. Laws, now grown famous, the high- tion must be established, and as a result the Ov- est honor in its power: he was summoned home ertoun Institution was founded, with Dr. Laws as to fill the Moderator's chair of the General As- principal. The Home Committee responded with sembly of the United Free Church. Already uni- funds and men and, as the years passed, this great versities had conferred degrees upon him, D.D., institution came to be regarded as the most im- M.D., LL.D.; the Government bestowed upon him portant educational work between the Zambesi the C.M.G. (Companion of the Order of St.

and the Congo. Students flocked from far and Michael and St. George); The Africa Society near, all keen to seize the unique opportunity pre- gave him the African Medal, which so very few sented to them. The Overtoun Institution trains have received. In the United States, which he teachers, ministers, evangelists, doctors, as well visited more than once during his furloughs, he as carpenters, bricklayers, book printers and bind- made many friends and highly esteemed support- ers, agriculturists, engineers, tailors. Today one ers. There were few to dispute with him the title, can see there, as now elsewhere in Central Africa, from which he himself would have shrunk, of the the sons of men who knew of no implement but greatest living missionary; for the Livingstonia the hoe and the spear, controlling complicated Mission was now, under his inspiring leadership machinery at the mines, on the river steamers, one of the greatest epics of the Church of Christ.

and in motor cars; the fathers knew nothing but But the years took their toll. In 1927 he was war; the sons preach the Gospel. The fathers asked by the Mission Council to meet the Gover- heard the drums beat for vile dances, the sons nor of Nyasaland, along with other leaders, to hear them summoning the people to worship God. discuss the question of Government assistance to An Independent, United Church education which had become of first rate impor- tance. But his health suddenly failed and he The story now runs with great rapidity. The sailed for home where he underwent a severe operchurches of the Presbyterian Missions, Scottish ation. He lingered on, still vigorous, and taking and Dutch, combined their presbyteries to form an active share in the concerns so dear to him, one United Synod of the Church of Central Africa until August, 1934, when he passed to his reward. Presbyterian. The natives wholly supply the funds of this church and draw nothing from Great Brit- Mrs. Laws was the great wife of a great man. She was great in herself; a great linguist; a great hymn writer, whose hymns nourished for a generation the native Church which· her hus- band did so much to establish. Indeed her history is so much the history of her husband, that it is difficult to think of any activity of his in which she was not his efficient and loving helper. She was, too, a woman of wit and wisdom, ready at repartee, a famous housekeeper and hostess, and the willing friend of all her husband's colleagues.

Men are great, not merely in virtue of the great -deeds they did in their own proper persons, but they are great because others have contributed to that greatness. Livingstone had his Laws; and Laws had his great lieutenants: Elmslie and Stuart who brought in the wild Angoni; Mac- Alpine, who built up the great Mother Church at Bandawe; Fraser, beloved at home and abroad; MacMinn, whose linguistic work is bringing fame to .Livingstonia; Chisholm and Moffat, who A CiHll:Ral-IS~T-IA-lN-FA-M-I-L-Y-I;N;"-L.;:aIo"V".I:oN:;;G:;;.;s'-TO-N-I-A—…&. brought in the tribes of the north and west. The history of the Livingstonia Mission will never be ain. There is a native Central Fund Treasurer; fully told until the great deeds of these great men the Clerk of Presbytery is a native minister; and, have had their full count of credit. So long as so far as possible, they are encouraged to manage the Church can find such men, and send them out their own affairs, but always with the mission- and support them, the fame of Robert Laws will aries to guide them where that is necessary. The go on and that for which all great servants of Church in Central Africa is standing on its own Christ stand-the evangelization of the whole feet, subject only to its Divine Head. world-will suffer neither eclipse nor collapse.

Problems and ,Encouragements

As Seen by Some Foreign Mission Executives T HE difficulties of the present hour are so many and so obvious that we are sometimes prone to be discouraged and to overlook the encouragements. In the home and foreign mission work the prob- lems were never more numerous, and sometimes they seem baffling. They clearly call for earnest study as to their causes and solution and they require faith and greater dependence on God rather than on human wisdom and power.

In response to a letter sent to a number of missionary leaders in America replies have been received to the following two questions: 1. As you see it, what are some of the special present-day problems that we face in the foreign mission enterprise? Such problems may relate to finance, changes in policy, difficulties in the field or in the home church.

2. What are some of the encouragements that you note in the hQme church and in the field? Such encouragements may relate to improvement in finances, to increase in interest in the home church, to the attitude of the young people, or they may appear in reports from the field as to the progress and outlook.

The answers received-somewhat condensed-throw much on the present situation. An editorial presentation of the problems and encouragements will appear in the next number of the REVIEW.

EDITOR.

I. SOME PRESENT-DAY PROBLEMS 1. The need for taking the whole subject of cooperation far more seriously than at present is ROBERT E. SPEER being done, judged by the results. There is im- perative need of our Christian forces entering Secretary of the Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions more promptly and thoroughly, having counted the full cost, upon what I call the third stage of Among the problems we face in the foreign mis- cooperation. By this stage I mean not only for sion enterprise today I would name the following: chiefly the pooling of knowledge and experience, but more specially pooling of plans (before they 1. Problems arising from false nationalism. A are made or entered into), personalities, money, true nationalism is inherent in Christianity and names, administration. in the missionary idea. Weare seeking to help each nation to achieve its own true personality 2. In almost every field and in almost every and accomplish its own mission of service in the board there is need of re-stating and revising proworld and we are doing our best to build up in- grams, looking ahead for a period of five years. digenous Christian churches to serve in the fullest I would find it difficult to name a half dozen agenway the true interest of the national life. The cies which have done this and have their program difficulties of the problem lie in the spread of a or plan in a form to be submitted, and have it false and unworthy nationalism. generally understood and accepted by their lead- ers near and far. This is very serious. 2. The problems which secularism and the naturalistic view of the world and of life present to 3. There is need for the creation of a deep and the Christian Gospel. We must have missionaries unshakable conviction on the part of the leaders eqUIpped to deal with these problems both by rea- and other discerning members of the churches son and by love. that the missionary enterprise has by no means attained. It is a shocking, tragic fact that with 3. The problems of devolution as it is called, reference to totally unoccupied mission fields (by meaning thereby the transfer both of control and which I mean those in which there are no misof responsibility from the foreign mission to the sionaries, or almost none), we stand just about national churches. where we did at the time of the Edinburgh Con- ference in 1910. In the partially and even largely 4. The problems arising from confusion and occupied fields we have, in most cases, only encontroversy among the Christian forces, absorbing in internecine conflict the energies which are needed for the work of aggressive evangelism of the New Testament type.

JOHN R. MOTT tered upon the period of high specialization, and, in my judgment, have still to render many of our Chairman of the International Missionary Council most distinctive and critically important services Among the most pressing major problems of in the work of evangelism and the training of the foreign missionary enterprise, as I see them, Christian leaders.

are the following: 4. The catching of the imagination of a new [11 ]

generation with such vividness, with such appeal keener sense of responsibility for the evangelizato the heroic, and with such compelling force as tion of the world in this generation. There is to ensure beyond peradventure a tremendous re- also the problem of finance, which must be solved sponse. In this respect the Church of Rome just if the work is to be carried on adequately.

now is putting us to shame.

Basically these and all other problems that are ROBERT HALL GLOVER pressing upon us will not be solved until we make much more ground than we have been making in Home Director of the China Inland Mission for North America recent years in solving our problem of leadership, 1. As related to the work of the mission in among missionaries, indigenous churches, and China there are the following problems: mission boards and their auxiliary agencies. a. The continued communist menace in several provjnces of Central China. The present situation ROBERT P. WILDER in Kweichow and Szechwan is particularly seri- ous. Two C. I. M. missionaries in Kweichow have Formerly Secretary of the Student Volunteer Movement,. been in the communists' hands since October 1, Recently Secretary of the Near East Christian Council and two others have recently been killed.

1. Some of the present day problems in the for- b. The difficulties confronting the Chinese churches in their efforts toward full self-support eign mission enterprise are the problems due to and taking a larger share in the work of carrying the Gospel further afield. I refer especially to the non-Christian religions, humanism, secular- exhorbitant taxation, burdens imposed by milita- rists, and heavy losses through communist banism, nationalism and the growing power of com- munism. / 2. Among indigenous Christians are the prob- lems due to persecution, especially on the part of ditry and calamities such as flood, famine, and fanatical Moslems and caste-ridden Hindus. pestilence.

There are also the problems of indifference. Often c. The cruel persecution of Christians among among indigenous Christians, the second and third several of the aboriginal tribes of Southwest generations have lost some of the glow and radi- China, notably the Lisu in west Yunnan. Bitter ance which the first generation possessed. This persecution is being meted out there by greedy is sometimes shown in diminished evangelistic and unscrupulous officials, because of the Chriszeal, in less of the prayer spirit, in doubt as to the tians' refusal to grow opium, and because of the full trustworthiness of God's Word, less reliance steady shrinkage of the whiskey trade due to the upon the power of the Holy Spirit, and less time rapid increase in the number of Christians. given to Bible study. 2. As related to the enterprise in general- 3. Among missionaries we find at times it is a problem to establish a firm conviction about the Undoubtedly the greatest problem, far more necessity of maintaining the devotional life serious than the financial depression, is the loss through giving an adequate time each day to Bible or weakening of conviction on the part of so many study for personal spiritual growth and private in the home churches, ministers in particular, reprayer. Work presses in, especially when the mis- garding the great essential truths of the Christian sionary staff is depleted owing to the financial faith. "Modernistic" teaching in seminaries and crisis. preaching in many pulpits are directly responsible for this. The inevitable and obvious results are 4. Some missionaries seem not to realize fully the waning of missionary interest and the dehow essential it is to know how to do personal crease of missionary giving among those thus work with individuals. Some are strong in pre- affected. senting the claims of Jesus Christ to an audience, but weak in helping an individual to take the de- If the missionary work of the Church is really cisive step in definitely accepting Christ as per- a divine enterprise, and not a merely humanistic sonal Saviour and Lord. project, then how can God's blessing be expected upon it, if ~ny are harbored in its ranks who are 5. It is not always easy to warn young mission- disloyal to His Word and reject the truths that aries against an assumed superiority as belonging lie at the very heart of the Gospel which we have to a better race than that to which the people been commanded to take to the whole world, and belong, among whom he labors. The Christian if "another gospel" is substituted? It is idle to a't- Gospel is one of love and should always produce tempt to make the economic depression wholly rein a missionary the right attitude toward other sponsible for the falling off of missionary support races and religions. when at least part of the cause clearly lies else- where. The ,cure cannot be effected until the 6. In the churches in America, we find the prob- cause is acknowledged and removed. lem of how to secure a deeper spirituality and a

PRESENT PROBLEMS AND ENCOURAGEMENTS

STEPHEN ]. COREY during the past three years that there is danger American Secretary of the United Christian Missionary Society lest we lose our capacity to be distressed at the injury to the work. The depression attitude has The problems, as I see them, include: already become a habit with some people, and 1. An exaggerated feeling that personal and lo- while many are in genuine want, others have been cal problems eclipse all else, although this is not too ready to avail themselves of the excuse af- as evident as a year ago. A sort of "pernicious forded by the psychology of the times.

localitis" effects both interest and giving. Anxious to prove to their constituencies that 2. The difficulty of maintaining interest when every economy was being practiced, boards have so many missionaries have returned from the vied with one another in making reductions in fields. We have been too slow in building interest their budgets and it has actually been true that a around Christian nationals and churches. We board which could show the most drastic cutting must press this point hard. They are our children has gained the highest approval of the Church- in the faith and greatly deserve and need our and this at a time when the need of the world for prayer, interest, and our support when necessary. Christ is so desperately apparent!

3. There has been too much dependence upon 3. In certain quarters there has been a relaxa- loyalty to organization and not enough on the tion of those basic Christian convictions that con- inherent necessity of the missionary enterprise stitute the very premises of the missionary enter- as an inevitable and inescapable part of an ade- prise. The nature of sin and its consequences, the quate Christian program. depth of man's need for Christ and the indispen- 4. The ideals of internationalism and world sability of Christ as the Saviour of the world, are brotherhood have received a severe blow. This elements in the missionary imperative that have has slowed down missionary interest in some either been challenged or rendered indistinct by quarters. the humanistic philosophy that has accompanied 5. The ideals of Christian stewardship have modern "liberalism." These basic Christian prem- slipped somewhat in recent years, due ises are essential to a vigorous missionary attitude a. To the excessive burdens taken by American and program.

churches in more prosperous days, with new build- 4. The spiritual condition that we confront in ings and equipment. The churches now find them- the world today is more difficult to reach than selves taxed to the utmost to amortize and stabi- were the simpler forms of paganism of the past.

lize their capital investments. While millions still cry vainly to gods of wood and b. To the tendency to be satisfied with paying stone, other millions have merely exchanged idol- taxes for relief in substitution for church and atry for godlessness. Surfeited with the super- individual efforts of love and mercy. The first stitions of the past from which they feel them- is necessary, but people forget the wider interest selves emancipated, they have turned violently of the church in a Christian program which state against all religions, and have become repudiators and municipal help can never reach. of faith, haters of God. Professing no God of their own, they deny freedom of worship to others, C. DARBY FULTON and are working to bring the world into one united Executive Secretary, Executive Committee of Foreign Missions, blasphemy. The difficulty of reaching these is immeasurably great. Presbyterian Church in the United States First of all, may I share with you some of our A. C. SNEAD problems: Foreign Secretary of the Christian and Missionary Alliance 1. The most obvious problem is due to the fifty per cent decline in financial support, from $1,248,- In the twenty mission fields of The Christian 000 in 1926 to $611,000 last year. Despite these and Missionary Alliance three problems stand out rather desperate figures, we have not had to recall as of major importance. any missionaries, though sickness, age, death and retirement have reduced our missionary personnel 1. In a number of the fields, particularly French from 516 seven years ago to 403 last year. Cuts West Africa, French Indo-China, Netherlands amounting to about thirty per cent in missionary East Indies, southern Philippines, and some provsalaries and stipends, and even heavier reductions inces of China, many' peoples and tribes give eviin appropriations for the work have had to be dence of being moved by the Holy Spirit to a made. Reserves possessed by institutions or by recognition of their need for Jesus Christ as Savmissionaries individually have been used up so iour and Lord when they first hear the Gospel. that we are now face to face with the time when This is so marked in some tribes that the number the work must depend only on its present support. of missionaries and native Christian workers is much too small to properly present the Word of 2. We have become so accustomed to reductions God to interested inquirers.

2. Another problem, met especially in Borneo 5. The widespread interest in evangelization and a French West Africa is that of shepherding and the breaking out of remarkable evangelistic the new converts who have been baptized. For movements in so many parts of the world, also in example, 628 were baptized by one missionary in the raising up of new and mighty evangelists, as one month recently in a district in Borneo, yet to well as apologetic writers and lecturers, within teach these converts and the more than 1500 other the past one or two decades, both among mission- Dyaks baptized during the last three years there aries and nationals. are available only one missionary and two or three native workers. ROBERT P. WILDER 3. A third problem has to do with government Some encouragements, as I see them, are: opposition in some areas, the imposing of an income tax and an increase in property taxes by 1. A growing desire for a religious awakening some governments, thus diverting funds from the missionary work. at home and abroad.

II. PRESENT-DAY ENCOURAGEMENTS 2. A greater spirit of cooperation among re- ROBERT E. SPEER ligious bodies, as seen in the work of the Christian Among the encouragements we see in mission and Missionary Councils and International Miswork today one would suggest: sionary Council; also in the movements which 1. The spirit of the young men and the young women who want to give their lives to foreign look toward church unity, as in Persia and South mISSIOns. A number of first-grade candidates have been earning their way by giving transfu- India and the recent conference of missionaries sions of their own blood. and indigenous Christians on evangelism, Chris- 2. The evidences of the working of God's spirit in individual and collective life, as, for example, tian education and on the production and circulain the baptism of Brahmans in India and the movement in the upper castes. tion of Christian literature. There are also signs 3. The increasing acceptance of the moral au- of closer cooperation between Oriental and Occithority of Christ in non-Christian lands. This is not enough but it is something and it represents dental Christians, as in the Fellowship of Unity a great advance. in Egypt, and in the work of the World's Sunday 4. The reality of the rootage which Christianity has taken all over the world and its indestructibil- School Association. ity by the most hostile forces, even in Russia. 3. The recent growth in the membership of in- 5. The steady growth of the churches on the mission field, in autonomy and self-dependence. digenous churches, as in India where there are 6. The increasing evidence that there is no hope now 6,296,763 Christians; in China' where the for man save in Christ; that the evil forces of the world cannot be conquered except by His Five Year Movement, from 1929 to 1934, has repower. sulted in stimulating the Christians to a deeper JOHN R. MOTT spiritual life and shows a willingness on the part Among the greatest encouragements in foreign missions today I would name: of the Chinese Christians not only to win others 1. The evident growth in conviction among dis- to Christ, but also to shoulder a larger proportion cerning Christian leaders as to our shortcomings and sins of omission. of the financial load carried by missionary soci- 2. The multiplication of fruitful and very re- eties. The Forward Movement in Japan has rewarding pieces of experimentation in missionary methods and practices, covering a wide range in sulted in 50,000 having signed cards, signifying the missionary program. their purpose to follow Jesus Christ. Though all 3. The growing interest in cooperation, notwithstanding failure to take the whole subject of these have not yet joined the Church there is more seriously. increasing evidence that Christians in Japan are 4. The fact that doors are open today, as at no time in the past, to the friendly and constructive recognizing their responsibility to evangelize their ministry of the Christian Gospel. fellow countrymen in Japan and overseas.

4. Another encouragement is found in the work of the Bible Societies. The Bible is still the best seller.

5. It is said that while Latin America has large- ly turned away from organized Christianity a speaker presenting the Christian message, as a new and vital challenge, can always get a sympa- thetic hearing. In Buenos Aires, Santiago and in student centers in Brazil, Colombia and Venezuela there have been eager audiences to hear the Gos- pel. – ROBERT HALL GLOVER 1. We of the C. I. M. are greatly encouraged by the sustained interest of our constituency of friends at home, as evidenced by their many let- ters, and also by our contacts in the autumn con-

ferences in the East and the West. Our Prayer Japan, China, India, and Africa all face great Union membership, composed of those who ex- issues and are in expectancy.

press the desire and purpose to pray regularly for 5. The penetration of Christ's influence, far China and the work of the Mission, is steadily beyond what we can count in statistics or mem- increasing. bership in the churches, is a matter for great 2. There has been a steady succession of appli- encouragement. The New Life Movement in cations for service in China; the number during China, based largely on Christian ideals, is an the past year has been particularly large. We illustration. It would be hard to find among edu- sent twenty-six new recruits to China in 1934, and cated and religious nationals anywhere in the non- we must have dealt with three or four times that Christian world, one who would not hail Jesus as number of applications. the ranking ethical teacher of the ages.

Eighteen new workers have also been sent from Great Britain and twelve from Australasia last C. DARBY FULTON year. Over against the problems and difficulties that 3. There has been a steady and substantial ad- face us today one could set a long list of encour- agements that far outweigh the difficulties. I vance of our Forward Movement on the field, with mention three that seem to stand out strikingly ever increasing visible results in conversions and in the missionary picture: baptisms. The opening of nineteen new main centers of work, and the baptism of 7,221 con- 1. The increasing open-heartedness of the peoverts, during 1933, made that a record year in ples of the world to the Gospel of Jesus Christ. the history of the Mission. This is not inconsistent with the fact that many governments seem to be slowly closing to religion. 4. There has been marked blessing attending In the time of Christ, just when the chief priests the special services on many of our stations for and the rulers of the Jews were seeking to destroy the deepening of the spiritual life of the Chris- Him, the common people were hearing Him gladly. tians, and the stirring of them to increased zeal A missionary writes: and effort in behalf of the salvation of souls here at home and the spreading of the Gospel farther "The doors for Gospel advance are flung wide as never afield. Chinese workers and foreign missionaries, before. The church in Brazil faces an unprecedented op- have conducted such services with blessed results. portunity. Crowds everywhere, as reports come in from Special encouragement has also attended the far and near, are willing to hear with attention and symholding of short-term Bible Schools throughout pathy the call of God to repentance and faith in Christ. our mission field, with the object of increasing The day of march has come!" the knowledge of the Word of God among the Writes another: "God evidently wants Africa, for never was the Holy Spirit more manifestly present there. At rank and file of our Christians, and fitting them Luebo Station alone we baptized this year 2,548 adults, and the church is aflame with zeal for Him." for more effective soul winning, and some among From another missionary comes this message: "There them for full-time preaching. During last year 329 such schools were held with a total of 11,500 is a mighty tide sweeping through China. It is the tide enrolled, in addition to our regular Bible Schools, of God's spirit moving upon the hearts of men." for the fuller training of Chinese pastors, evangelists, and Bible women. Dr. Stanley Jones declares that China presents the greatest evangelistic opportunity in the world. Dr. George Truett, returning from a South Amer- STEPHEN J. COREY ican tour, says the supreme challenge is there. Surely God is at work in all the world!

As to encouragements I see the following: 2. The new fervor for evangelism is one of the 1. An increased wistfulness on the part of min- most encouraging factors in the present mission- isters and others for the realities of religion. ary outlook. Despite the limitations that falling 2. Increased cooperative effort on the mission income have placed upon the work, our mission- fields. aries and their fellow workers are everywhere 3. Humility on the part of Christians in the manifesting an eager desire to extend the work recognition that as a church we have not come into unreached territories. In some fields this abreast of Christ's ideals in America and that centrifugal instinct of our missionaries is quite we must go to others depending upon Him and conspicuous. It is interesting to compare the lat- not on our own superiority. est reports of work in Brazil with those of fifteen 4. The great issues that face us abroad bring years ago and see how the names of stations and stirring challenges. The tides of secularism, na- outstations of former years are being replaced tionalism, and communism, call Christian people, from year to year by new towns and communities.

as never before, to take the message and life of The older ones are not abandoned but they are Christ to the whole world. The distress and dis- being brought to self-support as rapidly as pos- quietude of mankind summons us. Also lands like sible in order to release money and personnel for

the work of extension. It is gratifying to note that remains to be finished; there is even more that in several fields, despite every discourage- that yet remains to be begun. ment of the depression, new work has been opened and is being successfully sustained with most 4. The world has always needed Christ. Her gratifying results. need of Him today in the face of her complexity, bewilderment and sin is more apparent than ever. But it is the native leaders themselves that offer the most conspicuous examples of this evan- 5. In some lands, governments seem determined gelistic fervor. One needs only to mention the to close the doors against Christian missions. Kingdom of God Movement in Japan, the Five Year Plan in China, the evangelistic movement 6. The young life of the Church is ready to go that is sweeping certain sections of the Belgian forward. Applications from volunteers are pour- Congo under the leadership of Tshisungu Daniel ing in to our offices from some of the choicest and others, and the quiet revival of prayer and young men and women in the Church, who are personal work in Korea, as examples of such zeal. prepared to answer the need. The significant thing about these movements is that they have not been born in the initiative and 7. When in ~:very sphere of life the peoples of leadership of missionaries, but are the expression the world are being reminded of their mutual of the evangelistic fervor of native sons who have interdependence and responsibility, shall the set their hearts upon the winning of their own Christian Church forget her responsibility to people for Christ. every man or allow her sense of world mission to be dimmed? Dare we forget that our Lord's 3. Where two such movements as the foregoing, command has never been revoked and still conthe eagerness to hear on the one hand, and the stitutes the marching orders of the Church? eagerness to tell on the other, are found parallel, things are bound to happen. And things have A. C. SNEAD happened. The past year has been the most fruitful results in all the more than 70 years of our In presenting the problems I have already made foreign mission history. Outstanding among the results of the year is the record number of 8,383 mention of some encouragements in the fields. added to the church on profession of their faith 1. The Alliance is privileged to preach the Gosin Christ. It is granted that we cannot always measure spiritual results by statistical standards. pel and to have a share in building the Church However, it is a cause for great joy and thanks- of Christ in more language groups today than giving throughout our Church that last year in our foreign fields the number who stood before ever before in its history. The Church in the fields the world to acknowledge their sins and receive is taking over territory formerly under mission Christ as their Saviour exceeded by more than 2,000 those who took this stand in any previous responsibility and the Mission and the Church year. together are going forward into new tribes and To summarize, it is our feeling that the time new areas where the Gospel is thus being preached has come when a call to advance should be sounded for the first time. among the churches of America. Today the whole world situation is like one vast syllogism every 2. Despite government opposition in Cambodia, premise of which leads to but one inevitable con- the results during 1933 and 1934 are more encourclusion, namely, "Forward again in missions!" aging than at any time since the field was entered 1. The openness of the hearts of men and wom- in 1923. In a few fields the work of translating en around the world to the message of Christian the Bible into tribal languages is being steadily missionaries, attested by the letters that come carried forward and last year one of our mission from every field, constitutes a clear call to renew presses printed over 25,000,000 pages of Scripture our missionary advance. portions and Gospel literature.

2. The unparalleled productivity of mission 3. Both in the home church and on the fields work, yielding richer returns than ever before, there is evidence of the gracious working of the encourages us to move forward. Holy Spirit in causing believers to humble them- 3. Vast untouched areas await a new venture selves before God and definitely seek for a revival. of faith. With national churches gradually taking 4. Twenty-six new missionaries were appointed up the burden of the work we have been doing, it should become more and more our missionary for our Alliance fields in 1934 with the expectation aim and purpose to press out into territories where Christ is not known. There is much work of their sailing during the year or in the early months of 1935.

5. We praise God for increased missionary in- terest evident in many of the home churches and for the missionary zeal shown in the younger churches in -the mission fields. .

I believe that, despite every hindrance that Satan brings, we are facing a day of marvelous opportunity for evangelization in many parts of the world and we are encouraged to press forward in the name and by the enabling of Christ our Lord.

Situation in

As Seen by Dr. Julius Richter of Berlin I N THE Neue Allgemeine Missionszeitschrift, is the well organized propaganda such as that of Dr. Julius Richter of Berlin deals with a num- Agha Khan in the Tanganyika territory and oth- ber of present-day problems which are so im- ers. portant that they deserve close study. The first problem is that presented by the world- The fifth consideration is that to which we are forced by the world-wide propaganda of Bolshewide depression, which demands an adjustment vism. Its soil is amazingly well prepared by the to the shrinking incomes of all mission groups. unworthy and in many instances impossible con- This question in the background of all "recent dis- ditions of obtaining a livelihood among the procussions of missionary problems is "How can the letarians of the earth, as for example the 30,000,- important part of mission work be preserved even 000 unemployed and the abysmal poverty of though many related developments must be cut hundreds of millions of peasants in Imlia, China down ?" Can the present retrenchments of the and Japan. The great strength of this kind of sending bodies be made fruitful by granting the propaganda can hardly be over-estimated. new national churches in the mission field a greater measure of independence, and by urging great- Sixth, there looms the awakening, floodlike and er self-support in view of the diminished income powerful influence of an increasing nationalism. from the home boards?" These efforts of the Hand in hand with it, we observe the awakening younger churches on the mission fields are oc- of the national religions and sometimes the recurcurring at the time when they too are affected by rence, as in Germany, Turkey and Persia, of earlier and forgotten religions, which oppose the world depression. Christianity as being irreconcilable with the new Many factors have altered the position of Prot- ethic.

estant missions since the end of the World War. Changes Since the World War The first factor is the enormous loss of prestige Such conditions are entirely different from the which Christian nations suffered by the disillu- sionments which have befallen the non-Christians. views which prevailed before the war. It was These matters are too well known to need discus- then held that occidental civilization was either sion. identical with Christianity, or at least closely con- Second there is the growing gap between Chris- nected with it. This was the great time for such tianity and some views of modern science. All splendid movements as the Student Volunteers, nations want modern sciences and arts; but they the Missionary Education Movement, the Lay- are very reticent about any desire for Christianity men's Movement and for such slogans as "Evan- or the Christian Church. If we meet within the gelization of the World in this Generation." In body of Christendom such a thing as Bolshevism, Germany, in this period, the great colonial expan- with its radical hatred of all religion, and even in sion gave an impetus to missionary undertakings.

a country like Germany see a decided self-asser- Now, however, many churches are passing tion of a new German paganism on a nationalistic through an era of an ebbing of interest, a reac- basis, need we wonder at a holding back from tion! This reaction is to be deplored. During the Christianity on the part of non-Christian peoples? time referred to there were in most of the fields Third, we should earnestly consider the sur- efforts at work which were to crown the preceding prising progress made by the Roman Catholic efforts, by leading the young churches toward a Church in Africa and the Dutch East India, with complete self-support. But such aims demanded an expenditure of men and money such as the time for maturing. The highly developed conduct combined Protestant missions cannot equal. In of Protestant missions contained within itself an French, Belgian and Portuguese countries this inclination toward institutionalism, such as the Papal church may count on a far-reaching assist- founding of colleges, universities, hospitals, Y. M.

ance from the colonial authorities. C. A. buildings, publication houses. In the case Fourth, in the last few years before the World of even a great lessening of the supply of men War it seemed as if the progress of Islam had and means, there arises a danger of freezing up been retarded. Now we observe that in equatorial the assets of such enterprises. The men and Africa and in Further India, this religion is mak- monies necessary for the work of evangelization ing its power of assimilation felt among the prim- and the growth of the missionary enterprise leave itive peoples within its reach. A decisive factor too few means available for the magnificent enter- [17 ]

prises which have already been called into being. There is the hope that these young churches Dr. Richter thinks that there should be a new will develop a sufficiently large and strong initia- consideration of the work of missions but he de- tive that they will be able to take care of the non- clines such a study on the basis of some sugges- Christian masses surrounding them. We point tions in "Rethinking Missions." There should not with great hopes to the Five Year Plan of Cheng- be any reduction of the Biblical message of salva- chin-yi, the Kingdom-of-God Movement of Kaga- tion. Neither can there be any "moratorium" of wa and can well rejoice in what they have the missionary obligation on account of urgent attained. But as yet, the new churches, notwith- demands at home. The all-obliging missionary standing their excellencies, have not acquired the command, the royal authority and the divine missionary attack that is needed. Besides, we promise are sufficient for all believing Christians. can hardly compute the comparatively enormous What May We Expect? expenditures of effort and means required to carry on such work asthe occidental churches can carry, What may we expect as the fruit of our mission owing to the momentum acquired through the work? Dr. Richter enumerates answers to this centuries.

question, based upon experience gained in many 3. This places us before a great and difficult ages and many countries. task. At present many free missions are hunting 1. There are in Christian history three typical for unoccupied fields for their activity. Most of developments: First, the permeation of the Ro- them fail. The result is that Protestant missions man Empire by the Christian spirit and the Chris- tend to degenerate into aimless guerilla warfare.

tian Church in its competition with Oriental Besides, when we consider the many costly un- mystery cults, then the century of effort to realize dertakings carried by the sending churches, such "One Church-One Empire," and a failure of all as the establishment of such institutions as were these efforts since the rise in the fifth century of mentioned above, how can we expect these young- various separatistic churches. er churches to undertake work of such dimensions, Secondly, in the Germano-Slavic middle ages without abundant assistance from the sending the passing over of entire tribes and peoples under churches?

the leadership of their rulers and then a very slow 4. In the last century the missionary enterprise and very gradual penetration of these peoples with found open doors everywhere. Dr. Richter shows the Christian spirit and ethics. Thirdly, in the by the example of the missions in Africa that, Spanish-Portuguese national or state missions of while then one could be of the opinion that paganthe sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, with ism would soon collapse and what was most Church and State in close alliance, the setting-up needed was to gather the new Christians into of a hierarchy with state subvention. Modern churches, this is far from being true today. Modmissions offer few parallels to such work as the ern civilization is entering Africa by the three christianizing of the South Sea Islanders, largely channels of Protestantism, Catholicism and Islam under the influence of their rulers. and these forms are fighting each other tooth and 2. Nowadays the attention of Protestant mis- nail. However the Protestant churches today face sions is focused on the development of Christian the task of gathering the Negro peoples, so far as groups, with the aim of making them National possible, into Christian churches and train them Churches. It is generally thought that, when this into a real Christian life.

aim is attained, there will be no further need than 5. In Asia the strata first reached by the new to assist such churches in the case of emergencies. influences were the cultured circles. This may be Is such an expectation justified? First of all, in traced most easily in the case of three leading most mission countries the Protestants constitute countries. In Japan, the Samurai were the real only a small percentage of the total population. light bearers of culture. They have also given the For instance, in China two-thirds of a million church some outstanding leaders, such as Neeamong 500 millions, in Japan, 200,000 among 65,- sima, Ouchimura, Kagawa. In India, broader 500,000, in India five millions among 350 millions. areas were more quickly reached, but the caste In none of these countries is the Christian increase system stood in the way. In China the literati less than the increase in the number of births, so that the ratio is constantly shifted. Secondly, in were the on£s who hindered the spread of the all these countries we cannot fail to notice two incoming religious influence, but in more rece'nt peculiar characteristics, the one tending to isolate times there was being prepared a notable change the Christian bodies, the other to absorb them here too. However, since the war, the condition completely. We are not yet advanced to the point of things has changed surprisingly. The greatest where we may be sure that the present day Chris- difficulties today come from the growth of nation- tian groups will escape a similar fate. alism, which in most cases has become a violent

PRESENT SITUATION IN MISSIONS

passion and proves a considerable hindrance to 9. A noteworthy fact is seen in the circumstance the spread of Christian missions. that early Christianity faced a world in the proc- ess of dissolution, while the modern missionary 6. The question arises whether we might not finds that ancient systems are becoming more conhave some other means of reaching the great solidated. This is eminently the case with Hindumasses of Asia, aside from the natural work with ism and Confucianism and only in the case of individuals. In the world of Islam, most mission- Islam in Turkey is it possible to observe a general aries still feel that they must observe a waiting breaking down of the old. attitude before closed doors. But we still have the tried means of entering wedges, such as medical In early mission work in Europe, the bearers of work, schools and colportage. In Japan the work the Gospel found fresh youthful masses that were of Kagawa seems to find access to the masses. In not influenced by any great civilizing movements. India the efforts among those not in the castes We meet such a condition now only in Africa and seem to be gaining in influence. In China we face the South Seas; but in Asia the missionaries have a catastrophe in civilization, and that of colossal had to face ancient cultures, and their initial sucdimensions. Two overpowering influences are at cesses were gained mostly among the lower strata work through the collapse of the ancient Manchu of society. Today the problem is to reach those power. This involves not only the whole ruling who are the possessors of higher culture. In the system with its prestige and its cultural forms, attitude so far observed among such peoples, many but also the break-down of the old Confucian missionaries have had the feeling that all doors system of scholars and men of letters. Three were closed and all seats occupied. Now there are great forces are now entering the country: an indications that catastrophic changes are impendun-religious science, communism and Christianity. ing. Bolshevism is a new force which is present- China and Africa present the greatest missionary ing an aggressive front all over the world and problems in the Christian Church today. people are weighing the claims of Bolshevism against those of Christianity. Here the mission- 7. Christian leaders are sure that foundations ary faces not only a challenge, but an opportunity. have to be dug deeper along three important lines. The first field is the ethical, and spiritual. The 10. Since Lausanne, Christians have come to an problem shows itself most clearly in Africa. There understanding of the definite and essential conpaganism appeared under six forms, ancestor wor- tent of the Christian message. In this there has ship, magic, tyranny of chiefs, polygamy, slavery been a decided gain for the preaching of the and tribalism. Since missionaries were convinced Gospel. that these conditions were impossible among Christians they very properly proceeded to exter- 11. Dr. Richter says that great spiritual moveminate them. However it was frequently over- ments usually pass over peoples like great waves. looked that in the conditions that had matured for He thinks that all countries are at present not on centuries, there might prevail aspects that could the crest of any such waves, but in the depressions be used for the implanting of that which is truly between them. He refers once more to the great Christian. In many cases the African was con- losses which the world has incurred in recent sequently so denationalized that there remained years, such as the collapse of the church in Russia, nothing that could be done, except to ingraft a the liquidation of Panislamism and the Caliphate, life that was really foreign. Now the problem is and the breakdown of Confucianism in China. seen under the aspect of so anchoring the Chris- He mentions also the stop of great Christian movetian church in the native life, that the strength ments in the United States, and similar collapses that actually inheres in it may be used to make its in Germany. powers helpful to the Christian development. A careful study of present-day conditions and Three methods have been held proper in India. resources must give us the conviction for our faith The Roman Catholic Church acted as if paying no and a guidance for our conduct as follows: attention to caste. The Leipzig Mission regarded caste as a social and civil order, which merely That the living God is quietly building His Kingneeded to be purged of non-Christian extrava- dom through all the confusion of the peoples and gances. The Anglo-Saxon missions in the main that this is the end of the ways of God. regarded caste as a satanic perversion that must be utterly exterminated. That the person of Jesus Christ is central for all Christian proclamation and that all mission- 8. A similar problem arises from the conditions of language. At present it is being more fully ary preaching must have its start and goal in it. recognized that the language of a people contains peculiar elements of power that may be fully util- That Jesus Christ and His salvation is the final ized and thus become of great help in the develop- and deepest answer to all questions of human bement of a people. ings and that it is our task to hear the questions that arise from the depths of men and to give the true answer to them.

IF I WERE A MILLIONAIRE* By REV. W. H. Moss, M.A., B.D., HYTHE, ALBERTA, CANADA Do you sometimes plan what you would do if you suddenly became a millionaire? I am do- ing that today after spending two days of pastoral calling in a homesteading part of my parish. I parked my car near the highway and borrowed horse and buggy for the bush trails. Later I parked horse and buggy in the bush and walked more than two miles to visit a lonely bachelor on the far side of a muskeg over which horse and buggy could not travel. Incidentally I got my feet wet. My friend served dinner-fried potatoes, fried eggs, fried meat. (How do their stomachs stand it year after year?) As I was going from place to place, I was wishing I had money. If I were to become a millionaire, I think I should do some of the following things: 1. I should ask for Divine guidance in the discharge of such a responsible mission as the wise handling of so much money.

2. I should give at least one-half to the Missionary and Maintenance Fund.

3. I should continue to be a home missionary.

4. I should, as long as possible, let no one know that I had money, lest I become the prey of those who would besiege me with requests for help and so interfere with my regular work.

5. I should payoff the debt on the local church and relieve my people of the almost intol- erable burden of paying eight per cent interest and thus put new heart into them for complet- ing their place of worship.

6. I should send to Edmonton for a hundred-dollar violin that was sent in by a new settler for repairs two or three years ago and is being held there until the bill of thirteen dollars is settled. Thereby great joy would return to this music-loving homesteader who really needs his beloved instrument for the good of his soul.

7. I should take a pair of shoes to the cobbler and have patches put on the soles.

8. I should accede to the unusual request of one man for certain drugs for the treatment of bedbugs. He says he can't abide them.

9. I should buy school books for a girl. The grade desired is being taught in the local school and all she requires to continue her education is about eight dollars for books.

10. I should send a most promising young man to university in order that he prepare him- self for the Christian ministry.

11. I should buy organs for three log schools where I hold services.

12. I should provide a home in this village under the care of a Christian matron, so that several girls in the surrounding district might go on to school. Their people can supply meat and vegetables; what is needed is a place to stay and that place ought to be under reliable supervision.

13. I should build a hospital here, for the nearest at present is forty-five miles away and difficult to reach when roads are blocked in winter. I should have free medical service for the poor. Then there would need to be no babies born in crude shacks without a doctor in attend- ance.

14. I should give to every minister on a home mission field a year's leave of absence once in seven years and pay all expenses while he and his family visited their friends and he took a term at college.

*** But as I am not a millionaire, I pray that I be not like the Irishman who had a needy friend and said that if he had two cows he would give him one; and yet he did have two pigs and would not give one of those.

• Adapted from the United Ohurch Record and Mi88io,nary Review.

Cooperative Advance at

By the REV. CHARLES E. SCHAEFFER, D.D.

President of the Home Missions Council; Secretary of the Board of Home Missions, Reformed Church in the United States I T SEEMS anomalous under existing conditions These Christian leaders felt that a new social in the Church today to be speaking of an ad- order, new conditions territorially, religiously 1l.nd vance. The organized forces of Christianity ecclesiastically required a new strategy and a new are almost everywhere sounding the note of re- approach to the whole problem. Consequently treat. The slogan along the whole battle line is they launched "The New Cooperative Advance." that of retrenchment. Nearly all the home mis- If the advance of former days had spent its force, sion boards are either marking time or have re- a new advance would have to be made, so that called a large part ·of their forces from the field. home missions might always be true to its real Whole areas which were once missionary ground genius and spirit.

have been given up and the financial pressure has This new advance was to be along three distinct been such that curtailment of effort has become lines.

imperative and has caused grave concern among 1. The old home mission advance was on de- missionary leaders. nominational lines and the early religious history The heart and kernel of the work of home mis- of America was based largely upon denomination- sions has always been the pioneer spirit. The alism. This was practically inevitable when home mission forces have always constituted the America was new and young. Denominationalism advance guard of the Church. They have blazed had its rise in national, social, lingual, creedal, new trails, opened up new highways, discovered new areas and have always marched breast for- and racial peculiarities. I ward at the van of the procession. That is the very genius of this great movement in the bosom Some of these were an importation from the 'old or world, and some grew out of the religious soil ill America itself. But whatever their origin of the Church. A little more than a century ago historical basis, these denominations were per- the religious forces of North America were cen- petuated and extended into other sections of the tered in the eastern part of the continent. Then country. This has resulted in an oversupply of when the various denominations became auton- churches in many communities and has become the omous and indigenous, there followed a wave of chief target of the critics and of the cynics. It missionary expansion such as has never been wit- has resulted in the multiplication of churches of nessed in any age or in any land. Impelled by an many stripes and names, of sects, some of which onward urge the forces of Christianity pressed are so small as to be mere insects. This has been into the virgin lands and into the frontiers of our the scandal of Protestantism in America. Some country. The results were astounding. Churches churches are so small that they have no ability to and schools and colleges sprang up like Jonah's function effectively in Kingdom building. They gourd overnight and dotted the land with religious have a struggle for self-preservation. They be- a,nd educational institutions. All this was accom- come ends in themselves and thus they obscure plished practically within the space of a century the real mission of a church in a community.

and a half. Then suddenly, as though a hand had The new home mission advance now shifts the reached down, this expansive program of the emphasis from denominationalism to interdenom- Church was arrested. It halted along the whole inationalism. It does not advocate undenomina- front until today we are compelled to take an in- tionalism but it espouses interdenominationalism.

ventory of stock and make a fresh 'appraisal of It believes that there are foci points where denom- our task. Noone so keenly sensed this change of inations can join hands and where united effort conditions as did the home mission leaders. About becomes more effective, if not more economical, ten years ago they began to see which way the than single handed denominational activity.

wind was blowing and undertook to set their sails 2. The second new line of advance is that of in the right direction. They who walked late on cooperative effort. The old home mission enter- the deck saw strange lights rise and fall and they prise was inspired largely by the competitive prepared to meet the new situation when once it spirit. Each denomination tried to outrun, out- confronted them. strip, outdo the others. The law of the jungle [21 ]

prevailed. The Nietsche law of the superman in activity. Even this is better than unfriendly rivreligious circles dominated almost every situation. alry and un-Christian competition, but it by no Consequently there was a rivalry for place, pres- means exhausts the meaning of comity. There is tige, power. The rivalry was not always friendly. a positive aspect which involves not merely keep- The Kingdom of God suffered violence and the ing out of each others' way, but also means muviolent took it by force. There was a regular tual support and aid. Comity involves the idea stampede to occupy territory first, to erect the of the "big brother" on the part of denominations. most handsome, most costly edifice, and to secure Thus when a given field is allocated to a denomthe largest possible membership. Proselytism was ination the other denominations should say not practiced beyond measure and the church that had merely "Go to it-God bless you," but they should the pull and had the preacher and had the purse, come forward with their treasures, their money, got the lion's share and the others had to take the their members and pour the same into the allohindmost. Many a poor, discouraged minister had cated field so that the denomination that has asto be satisfied with the gleanings in the corners sumed responsibility for it can meet the situation of the field which had been neglected by the har- adequately. This can be done far more readily in vesters who reaped the full harvest. And all this new than in old communities. In new communitime the established Church in the East kept pour- ties local loyalties and traditions have not yet had ing money into these "mission fields" which were time to take root and develop as is the case in old largely competition centers. and well-established communities.

The wastefulness, the extravagance, the sinful- Certainly such principles of comity could be ness of this sort of ruthless rivalry in due time readily worked out among foreign-speaking comlaid hold upon the consciousness and conscience munities. Already much progress is being made of missionary leaders. They saw what a violation along many lines. I name only a few. There is this was of the spirit of the Christ whom they the matter of Religious Work Directors in Govprofessed to serve. And they said among them- ernment Indian schools. There is the work among selves, "This thing must stop!" There must be a the Mexicans, where nine denominations are cosubstitute for competition. There must be an end operating in work among Mexicans and Spanishto ecclesiastical rivalry. And happily they hit speaking Americans. There are the Summer upon the word cooperative, and declared that the Schools for rural ministers; there is the Chrishome mission advance must be along cooperative tian Approach to the Jews; there are definite lines. They set up committees on Comity; they local projects such as at Radburn, New Jersey; advocated the organization of State and City Boulder City, Nevada; the Tennessee Valley Councils, and projected programs of united action. Project; the work in the West Indies, in Puerto This involved a change of the whole psychology Rico and Santo Domingo. There have been set up of the churches but this cannot be effected over Denominational Community Churches, Federnight. Prejudices and policies are too deep seated ated Churches, Undenominational Community to be immediately supplanted by something else. Churches and Affiliated Churches. It is evident A long process of education is required to change that the home mission forces are on the advance people's mental and moral attitudes. Today no in Comity and Cooperation. one can question the rising tide of interest in comity and cooperation throughout the Protestant 3. The old home mission work centered its ef- Church. This growing interest proceeds in part forts almost exclusively upon individuals. The from practical considerations. Our Home Mis- work of making Americans Christians has been sion and Church extension agencies are financially only a partial success, as statistics sadly reveal. embarrassed and sheer necessity is compelling Out of 125,000,000 people, at least 70,000,000 rethem to pool their forces and resources with main outside of any organized institutions of reothers if the task is to be completed. This interest ligion. The National Home Missions Congress in springs also from spiritual considerations. Minor Washington, 1930, stated the task of home misissues which divide us are being put into the back- sions as involving "the winning of men and women ground and major issues which unite us are thrust to discipleship of Jesus Christ and to unite them into the foreground. The clearer vision of the with other disciples in the fellowship of the Chrismeaning, and the mission of the Church is serv- tian Church." ing as a great unifying and cooperative impetus among all right thinking people. This is only one phase of the task. The Con- gress went on to say that the task is also "to bring But comity has both a negative and a positive the Christian impulse to bear upon the broad, aspect. Negatively, it means not interfering with social and civic questions of our day." In other the plans of my Christian neighbor. It is the easy, words the new cooperative advance includes em- "let alone" policy in the field of denominational phasis on the social application of the Gospel of Jesus Christ, the christianization of all of life as

NEW COOPERATIVE ADVANCE AT HOME

well as of every life. It insists that all relation- and unified promotion of all the interests of the ships of life must be brought under the dominant Church. control of Christ. Here we face a task of tremendous proportions. This is a real job and the 2. An Advance in Promotion. This involves: task remains unfinished until every area of life (1) The bringing to the Protestant Church of is thoroughly christianized. Horrie missions today America a new vision of its entire task. (2) A is as nect!ssary and its opportunity is as great as thorough coordination of all the agencies of the ever in the history of our nation. The enterprise Church in an inclusive program in order that their somehow must recover its ancient passion and essential unity may be adequately expressed. (3) power. To the Church there must be restored a Not only to express this essential unity but at the sense of urgency and obligation in christianizing same time to contribute to the efficiency, the econ- America. But this task must be done not in the omy and the goodwill of the total task. haphazard, helter skelter fashion of pioneer and frontier days, but along well planned and defi- In the language of Dr. Henry W. A. Hanson, nitely constructive ways. The program must be President of Gettysburg College and Chairman of along educational and inspirational lines, based the Special Committee on Review and Forecast: upon sound ethical principles involving construc- "If Christianity is to make an impress of any contive methods of comity and cooperation. sequence, it will be done by a cooperating Church. The time has come for suspicions and misunder- The Home Missions Council and the Council of standings, based largely on superficial differences, Women for Home Missions have planned this co- to be put into the background. The great task of operative advance along two fronts: putting Jesus Christ into the life of our age will be achieved only by a cooperating Christian 1. An Advance in Program. (1) This involves Church. Will the Church be equal to the opporan adequate occupancy of every community with tunity of the present hour? If we fail in this the Christian ministry. (2) The avoidance as far as possible of all duplication of effort and of com- hour, the opportunity will be gone and we shall petition. (3) The setting up over the whole field of interdenominational organizations, in regions, stand condemned as unprofitable servants who states and cities, for the purpose of church planning, comity adjustments, cooperative activities have failed in a great crisis."

In the language of Dr. E. Stanley Jones: "We cannot go further unless we go deeper."

Satisfied I do not ask that I may see all of the road But if my groping hand can find Thee close beside My feet must press from day to day. Me, when the darkness closes round; I do not pray that all the burden of my load, If o'er my heart Thy love flows like a tender tide From off my heart be dropped away. When heavy burdens press me down; I do not wish that all the stones that bruise my If I can feel Thine arm about me when I fall feet Because the path is rough and steep; Be flung from off the path I climb. If I can lift my tear-stained face at Thy sweet I do not want the sorrows that my soul must meet, call Changed to some ecstasy sublime. When torn by pain and sorrow deep.

Then will the wounds I bear more precious be than gold, Or any treasure I can gain.

Then sudden shock or conflict fierce will find me bold To stand for Thee, nor heed the pain.

Then with Thy tenderness my brother's head I'll raise, And walk his faltering steps beside; Rejoicing in Thy love and at Thy smile of praise. And .0-1 shall be satisfied. -Don C. Carver, in The Christian Intelligencer.

a Kurd Becomes a

The Remarkable Story of a Moslem Mullah of Kurdistan -~I J; ;I ;;;;;;PI;;;;;;E"""RS_O;;;;;;N=====!.III~ ====B"""Y"""D"""E"""L;;;;;;A;;;;;;V;;;;;;AN=;;;;;;L;;;;;;.

ISLAM is proverbially the impregnable rock or religious dignitaries, and his father, Mullah which defies the advance of Christian mis- Rassul, was a distinguished Moslem theologian. sions. Raymond Lull, the early apostle to Mos- The boy was brilliant in mind and devout in spirit. lems, declared that he would die content if he At six years of age he could read the Koran and could see one follower of Mohammed truly con- soon mastered the Persian classics and Moslem verted to the Christian faith. Of all Moslems theology. When he was thirteen his father died there are probably none more fanatical and bit- and Sa'eed, a student of Moslem law and theology, terly antagonistic to Christianity than the Kurds became a teacher in the mosque school. He ad- of Kurdistan. These people are hardy mountain- vanced rapidly in religious and literary circles, eers, living in the territory of western Asia, a was considered a brilliant theologian, a master of t~rtitory extending from Lake Van and Mount Persian literature and a pious worshipper in the Arttrat to Kermanshah in Persia. They are fierce mosque. He was initiated into the mystic and fighters and many are brigands. Dr. Isaac Yonan powerful Naksh-Bandi order of the Sunni sect of'/(jrumia calls them generally "illiterate, crafty, and was looked upon as the rising star of Senneh.

wild, fanatically religious, warlike, lazy, treacher- While he was still in his teens people came from ous, cruel, hospitable, independent and remorse- far and near to ask him to write prayers, to be less robbers ….. To a Kurd a rifle of any new sewn in their clothes or hung in their houses, to European model is worth more than a wife, and ward off sickness and misfortune.

a good horse is worth more than a wife and two While Sa'eed was still in his early teens, he first concubines!' These people are all blindly fanat- came into contact with Christianity. Two of his ical members of the Sunni sect-those who strict- private pupils were sons of a Roman Catholic ly follow Moslem tradition. merchant and in their family he saw the use of Can one of such a race, and with such inborn strong drink which is very obnoxious to orthodox prejudices and wild ways of life, be persuaded to Moslems. A copy of the New Testament in Per- forsake his people and religion and become a true sian came into his hands through a student but follower of Jesus Christ? It is certainly impos- he could not understand it and a Catholic priest sible through any message or philosophy'recom- whom he ·consulted could not explain passages mended in the Laymen's Missionary report. that puzzled him. So he cast the book away in But that such a transformation is possible disgust. Image and picture worship, both ana- through the Gospel of Jesus Christ, is clearly thema to Moslems, which he saw in Catholic homes proved in the story of Sa'eed the Kurd, of SennElh' .a.nd.:cliurches, jed~himto believe that all Chris- who became Sa'eed, Khan, the Beloved Physician tians were idolaters and gewors (heathen). He of Teheran. His experience is one of the most gave thanks that he was a Moslem and determined remarkable and thrilling in the annals of mission- to do all in his power to bring infidel Christians ary history. The man is today an answerable to the true worship of.Allah as revealed in the argument for the power of Christ and the worth- Koran. .'~ whileness of Christian missions.* Thus he became~till more studious and devout Sa'eed was born seventy years ago in Sen- in his observance' of all the requirements of his neh, a city of some 60,000 inhabitants, with the Islamic faith. – reputation for being the most fanatical in Eastern At about this time an Assyrian Protestant Kurdistan. It has more mosques than any other Christian, Kasha Yohannan (Pastor John) of city of its size. Sa'eed came of a line of mullahs, Urumia came to Senneh, sent by the American –;-;rhls remarkable life-story is told In "The Belo·ved Physician of missionaries as an evangelist. He inquired for bTuerhyeraPnr,e"ssb, yNDasrh. vIisllaea,c TYenonneasnseoef. Pe$r1s.i0a0.. Published by the C<>kes- some one to teach him Persian and was referred [24 ] DR. SA'EED KHAN, THE CHRIST'I'&N KURD, AND HIS SONS to Mullah Mohammed Sa'eed as he was then called. controversy was an eye-opener for Sa'eed and Finally an agreement was reached whereby the created in him a genuine admiration for his mullah would teach the pastor Persian in ex- Christian teacher. change for lessons in Syriac. They used the Psalms and the Gospels in Persian and Syriac as At this time the elder brother, Kaka, the head a basis for their study. At first Sa'eed would not of the family, became disturbed over the growing give a "Salaam" (peace be on you) on entering friendship, and forbade Sa'eed to continue assothe house of this unbeliever so he deceived him by ciating with the gewor. But when the young man saying "Sahham" (may the sword come upon explained that his purpose was to expose the unyou). While the Prophet Mohammed indorsed tenable position of Christians and to lead them to both the Old and New Testament, Moslem tradi- the true faith, Kaka was persuaded to withdraw tion teaches that the Bible of the Christians is a his prohibition. The brilliant youth continued to hopelessly corrupted form of the original text. visit and argue with the older pastor who dis- Pastor John's prayers were not formal but sin- cussed with him patiently the relative merits of cere and included confession of sin and petitions Islam and Christianity, comparing the Bible and for friends and enemies alike-something abso- the Koran, Jesus and Mohammed. Sa'eed began lutely foreign to Islam. The pastor was a man to see that the Pastor understood the Bible and of tact and loving spirit. He did not criticize also the Koran. They read together the Sermon Mohammed or the Koran but lived a Christian on the Mount and the Gospel of John, one prelife before his pupil-teacher and so won his con- senting the social principles of Christianity and fidence and respect. the other presenting the evidence of the deity of Jesus. The Psalms and Isaiah brought to light Christian work among Moslems being pre- the Old Testament prophecies of the Messiah-all scribed in Senneh, Pastor John started his mis- points of controversy between Moslems and Chrissionary work among the Jews. One day a group tians. Sa'eed's interest deepened from day to day. of young Jews challenged him to prove that Jesus He compared the prophecies, the birth and life was the promised Messiah of the Old Testament. and death of Jesus with the history of Moham- Sa'eed happened to be present and, as a neutral, med. The explanations of Sheik Imam J umeh was asked to act as judge. Later Sa'eed wrote: were not satisfactory, while those of Pastor John "Pastor John, throughout the discussion that last- showed knowledge and honest reasonableness. ed three hours, impressed me with his unpreju- Sa'eed had been taught that Old Testament prophdiced honesty and remarkable knowledge of the ecies referred to Mohammed not to Christ but Old Testament. I often had to rebuke the Jews as he read the forty-second chapter of Isaiah and for their stupidity and hardness of heart." This other passages he could not fit them into the his-

tory of the prophet of Mecca. The one was the Finally Christ conquered. Sa'eed says, "In the embodiment of love and purity and peace; the twinkling of an eye the raging sea was hushed, other was the prophet of the law, of compromise and peace flooded my soul. I could not have ex- with the flesh and an advocate of war. Sa'eed plained why I loved Jeesus but I was simply began to study Hebrew so that he might find out charmed." It had taken two years to reach this if the Old Testament had ,been accurately trans- decision and Sa'eed had counted the cost. He knew lated. Later he said: that apostasy was looked up'on among his people "The things that impressed me most and caused as a crime worthy of death.. ,' His bigoted brother the light to come into my soul were the beautiful and uncles and the whole clan would be enraged life of Pastor John, his truthfulness, his wisdom at the thought of one of their number-a mullah- and knowledge of the Scriptures. As I compared becoming a renegade. It was a gigantic battle this with my own life and the lives of great Mos- for a youth of eighteen, but he felt convinced that lem ecclesiastics I said: 'Surely there must be in God was with him. Soon after this Pastor John Christianity something more sweet and powerful was obliged to.1eave Sennah but before leaving he than there is in Islam.' ….. One day I asked the baptized Sa'eed behind closed doors.

pastor plainly: 'What do Christians think of Mo- For some time the young convert continued to hammed?' He hesitated and then said, 'Jesus said teach in the mosque and to perform his duties as that false prophets would come after Him. The a muezzin five times a day. Then one day, as he life and character of Mohammed are such that read the words of Christ, "Ye cannot serve two we do not think he is a worthy prophet to repre- masters," he seemed to hear a voice saying to sent the Holy God.''' him: "Sa'eed, you are trying to serve two mas- But Sa'eed was not ready to yield. He was ters. You do not believe in what you testify in angry and returned Pastor John's Bible, ceased the muezzin call that 'Mohammed is the apostle his visits for a time and devoted himself more of God.''' That evening he compromised and in than ever to the Koran, to his religious duties, to place of calling out, "ashad-inna" (I testify) he his religious teaching and to his work as a muez- used the words "astakh-/er-Allah" (God forbid) zin (giving the daily calls to prayer). But he that Mohammed is the apostle of God. But this could not escape from Christ. One day the thought did not long satisfy his sense of loyalty to his came to him: "What, after all, if Mohammed was Master. One day when he was sitting in a vine- an imposter?" The shock was so terrific that yard, reading the story of the crucifixion and men- Sa'eed began to buffet himself saying, "0, cursed tally picturing Christ's death on the cross for him, fellow. Satan has got hold of your heart." He he had a desire to celebrate the communion.

sought cleansing and peace by ablutions and Opening his handkerchief he took out the bread prayers, but in vain. He was in agony and con- for his luncheon squeezed grapes into the palm tinually sleepless. One night he jumped up de- of his hand and partook of them in memory of termined to atone for his blasphemy against his Christ. "The vineyard became a temple and the prophet. He branded his legs with live coals, common meal a sacrament." New strength came making two deep scars to remind him that he was into his soul and he decided that he must deny a Moslem and that he must never again converse himself, take up his cross and follow Christ. That on religion with a gewor. night there was no muezzin call from the minaret.

Still peace did not come to the soul of Sa'eed. His kinsfolk noted the silence of Sa'eed's voice As the scars on his legs healed the burning in his and feared that he might be ill. When the young heart grew more unbearable. The. more he studied and taught the Koran, the more he discovered its man came home he found members of the clan errors. One night, as he returned from the mosque gathered and he handed his brother a letter which he stumbled and fell. Lifting up his voice he read: cried out, "0 God, make plain to me the right way and I will follow it. Otherwise I will go insane." In the nu'/11./l of one only God My Brother: The dangers to my life grow greater day by day. I am a Christian and confess it to you openly. If you will murder your brother my life is in your hands. I cannot escape-yet death will be gain to me. If you In an instant he says, "I felt lifted up and made spare my life, I will be thankful and will serve you as up my mind as to what I should do." much as I can. My wish is to leave here so that you Again he began to visit Pastor John and spent may be in peace. Your brother, Sa'eed. hours each day in study of the Bible, memorizing the Sermon on the Mount. He was particularly A bomb exploded in the midst of the company impressed by the book of Isaiah, the Gospel of could not have created greater consternation.

John, some of the Psalms, and the narrative of Women pulled their hair, beat their breasts and the suffering, death and resurrection of Christ. the men shouted "Ka/ir" (blasphemy). Kaka, his At the same time he studied and compared the brother, laid his hand on his dagger with the im- Koran and the Moslem commentaries. . pulse to slay the renegade who had become an

WHEN A KURD BECOMES A CHRISTIAN

infidel. The uncles urged delay and suggested that was called to their homes all over the city, night Sa'eed was deranged and that he be given an op- and day. Later he visited England to perfect portunity to recant. That night while the family himself in surgery and in the treatment of eye, were asleep on the roof the young man left his nose and throat. When he returned to Hamadan home determined to flee to Hamadan and there he specialized in eye surgery and word of his won- take refuge with the missionaries. He was over- derful kindness and skill spread to every part of taken and beaten. When his brother threatened Persia.

to kill him Sa'eed calmly said, "My brother, do During an insurrection he was called upon to not kill me-not for my sake but for your own." accompany the army of Ain-Douleh, son-in-law The Moslem's rage subsided before the gentleness to the Shah, to minister to the soldiers. In this of the Christian; the spirit of Christ was vic- campaign his private tent was next to that of the torious over the sword of Mohammed. As the general on whom his humble Christian life and brothers returned home Sa'eed began to tell his unselfish service made a deep impression. In rec- brother why he had determined to follow Christ ognition of his services, Sa'eed was given a yearly but Kaka only cursed him for his blasphemy. allowance for life and the honorary title of Khan.

Murderous threats followed from the fanatical He became for a time private physician to Ain- uncles. Again at night Sa'eed fled and again he Douleh with whom he had many private conversa- was followed and brought back but the third time, tions on spiritual themes. When one of the favor- by avoiding the highways and traveling at night, ite wives of the Shah, Muzaffar-AI-Din, was taken he reached Hamadan weary and famished. Here ill Dr. Sa'eed Khan was chosen, instead of any of Dr. Alexander, the Presbyterian mission surgeon, the foreign doctors, to perform the operation. He gave him food and shelter and after hearing his prayed earnestly to God for strength and the oper- story put him to work at the menial task of ation was successful. Thus Dr. Sa'eed Khan, the stable boy. persecuted and despised apostate Moslem, one- Now began a new period of Sa'eed's life. As time stable-boy in the American Mission, became the young man thought of his Master born in a one of the high dignitaries of the Persian Capital, manger, the stable became a sanctuary where he in great favor at the Shah's court.

could read his Bible and worship God without At one time he was called to the bedside of an fear. His family gave him up for lost but as the influential Moslem ecclesiastic who had been bit- news of his apostasy spread, all Kurdestan was ter in his hatred for the apostate doctor. The case stirred with rage; bazaars hummed with gossip was discovered to be beyond the help of medicine and decrees were issued by leading sheikhs sanc- or surgery. This was explained to the patient and tioning his murder. Dr. Sa'eed asked his consent to carry the case in Another Assyrian Christian from Urumia, Pas- prayer to the Great Physician. Now Sa'eed the tor Simon, who was living in Hamadan, soon dis- doctor became Sa'eed the intercessor. Taking the covered in Sa'eed a true Christian and a scholar cold hand of the mullah he kneeled down by the whose talents and training were too valuable to bedside and prayed, be devoted to caring for horses. He engaged the "0, blessed Jesus, our only hope for the recov- young man as a teacher of Persian language and ery of this Thy sinful creature is in Thee alone.

literature, while in his spare time Sa'eed studied Thy power and mercy are without limit. If it be English and medicine under Dr. Alexander. Be- according to Thy Holy will, wilt thou restore him fore long Kaka came to visit Hamadan, in search to health again."

of his brother, and was so impressed by his joy As he prayed, the tears rolled slown his cheeks. and beauty of character that he too became a The effect was startling-his courage, his sym- Christian. pathy, his honesty and his sincerity made a deep The Christian Doc.tor impression. The patient recovered and became the After a period of preparation Sa'eed became an life-long friend of the doctor.

assistant in the mission hospital and seven years But while friends increased, his enemies were later began his own medical practice. He also still many and bitter. At one time he desired to gave public adresses in Christianity to patients visit Urumia to see his wife's relatives and to meet and students. On all his visits to patients, both again his old friend and spiritual father, Pastor rich and poor, he carried his Bible and never John. His road led through Kurdestan which was missed an opportunity to speak to them of sin, its in turmoil on account of an effort to rescue a girl consequences and its cure and of the Great Physi- who had been taken by force into the harem of a cian of souls. Thus, in a remarkable way, he ef- Kurdish chief. The roads were unsafe and Dr.

fectively combined ministry to the physical and Sa'eed was urged not to pass through Kurdestan, spiritual needs of his patients. His fame spread the stronghold of his enemies who had sworn to so that hundreds crowded his dispensary and he kill him. After prayer, however, he decided to

trust in God's protection and to take the journey. begged to be excused from this liberal hospitality He went through the hostile country, ministering and settled at the home of Shamasha Shumel everywhere to the sick and giving medicines to all (Deacon Samuel), who was the native missionary in need. His courage, courtesy, kindness and from V rumia. An hour later a secretary of the skill disarmed the hostile Kurds and they became Governor appeared with four or five servants his friends. bringing a few cones of sugar, a quantity of tea, But Dr. Sa'eed's heart still yearned to help his some candy, and two young lambs for our supper, own people in Senneh, who were still bitter in as well as a letter of invitation to dine with the their hatred of the apostate who had disgraced Governor the next day. Our visit with the Gov- the family name. Since he himself could not re- ernor was most pleasant. He embraced Dr. Sa'eed turn home, he finally persuaded Dr. Jesse Yonan, very cordially for the two had become acquainted an Assyrian physician who had studied in Amer- when Zafar VI Mulk was Governor-General in ica, to go to Senneh to serve his people as a Chris- Hamadan. After dinner we met several of the tian physician. Dr. Sa'eed accompanied his sub- high dignitaries who all knew Dr. Sa'eed by repu- stitute for some distance on the journey. On the tation, as an apostate from Islam.

way they met a noted brigand who came to consult Many of the mullahs were anxious to meet Dr.

the doctor on prevalent diseases and their treat- Sa'eed for a religious controversy, and they ment. Learning something of the doctor's fluency crowded into the large living room at Shamasha in speaking and writing in Turkish, Kurdish, Shumel's. The doctor met their questions with Arabic, Syriac, Persian, and English, the chieftain such clear, uncompromising statements that Jesus asked him to write something that he could keep. is the only Saviour and gave such evidence of his In response the doctor wrote John 3: 16 and superior knowledge of the Koran and his ac- signed his name. The brigand was astonished to quaintance with the Bible that the audience was find that the name was Kurdish and when the greatly impressed. Instead of challenging him, doctor confessed that he was a Christian a change as had been their intention, they were spellbound came over the visitor and he said: "It is a pity under his earnest exposition of the Bible. After I have accepted your hospitality so that I cannot listening for more than an hour these men were kill you." Without another word he withdrew. changed from enemies to friends. Two "men"

At another time the doctor was waylaid by from Senneh who had vowed to kill him, ap- brigands but when they found that he was a physi- proached Dr. Sa'eed. They had been boyhood cian they only asked about the treatment of cer- classmates in Senneh and everyone expected them tain diseases, received a supply of quinine and to attack him; but as soon as they neared the boric acid and then sent a guard to accompany the doctor they embraced him most affectionately. The "Honorable Doctor" to his next stopping place. occasion was very solemn and made a profound Dr. Yonan, his companion, writes: impression upon all those present and the would- "Monday morning, before starting out, we were be murderers departed with love in their hearts.

warned by the Rev. Benjamin Labaree, not to go When Dr. Sa'eed and Dr. Yonan left Souj- through Souj-Boologh, because he was informed Boologh more than one hundred and fifty people, that two men from Senneh had come to Souj- most of them Kurds, from all walks of life, came Boologh and were waiting there to meet and kill to see them off and the two men, who had come Dr. Sa'eed. We hesitated and then the doctor with murder in their hearts, wer·e the last to say said: 'All of yesterday and today we have been good bye. No miracle could have been greater preaching to the people about the presence of God than the change from assassins to kind, and brothand about His p~otecting power; now we are dis- erly friends.

playing our own lack of faith in that power.' We Some twenty years ago Dr. Sa'eed received a decided at once to take the route through Souj- very urgent appeal to come to the help of a Kurd- Boologh and started out much encouraged. The ish sultan (or great chief) who lived at Awraman, city of Souj-Boologh is the seat of the govern- eight days' journey on horseback from Hamadan.

ment and is situAted on a mountain slope. The The danger was great and the Doctor's friends Governor's palace was in a most commanding strongly opposed his· risking his life among wild position, from which the Governor could observe, and fanatic Kurds many of whom were brigands with his field glasses the movements of the travel- and one of wbose sheikhs had issued a "decree of ers on the main road leading to the city. He evi- sanction" to murder Sa'eed as an apostate from dently saw our caravan long before our arrival Islam. The Kurdish sultan sent an armed escort for we were met by a deputation sent to inform and promised to be responsible for the Doctor's us that the Governor was greatly pleased to know safe return home, so after laying the matter be- of the presence of Dr. Sa'eed, Khan, and desired fore God in prayer, Dr. Sa'eed felt it was his duty us to be his guests at the mansion. Politely we to go. He reached Awraman safely, performed

the operation that successfully restored the sul- Dr. Sa'eed was teaching his regular Bible in his tan's eyesight and ministered to many other pa- home in Teheran, a man entered with a few of tients. The hostile sheikh, realizing that he could his followers. It was Mahmood Khan Sanni, the not kill the doctor while he was under the sultan's notorious Kurdish brigand. He had been capprotection, endeavored to win him back to Islam tured by Government troops and brought to Teby sending a large delegation of the mystical heran as a hostage. Now, conscience-stricken, he Naksh-Bandi, the society to which Sa'eed had fell on his knees and kissed the hem of the docformerly belonged. The doctor describes the tor's robe. Then he sat down and heard the good scene as follows: physician expound the passage from Romans 5: 8-10, "While we were yet sinners, Christ died for The court was packed as I entered and the sheikh wel- us." "If, when we were yet enemies we were comed me in the name of all, and showed me a place to reconciled to God by the death of His Son, much sit by his side. After a~ exchange of formal greetings, more, being reconciled we shall be saved by His everything became very quiet. As I looked around the life." audience, what a sight! Every eye was fixed on me. I could see blood and hatred, violence and vengeance, in At the close of the Bible study, the former brigthose serious and gloomy faces. A feeling of anxiety for and made a humble confession, and received a a moment depressed me and I prayed in my heart, "0 Bible and religious tracts. Since then the peni- God, I am in a lions' den. Be as close to thy servant as tent sinner has been a frequent visitor in the home thou wast to thy servant Daniel." of the doctor and he and his men have received hundreds of dollars worth of medicines and treat- At a sign from the sheikh all the audience at ment free of charge from the one whom he once once began to sing and chant, at first in moderate tried to kill. Once more Christ-like love has and subdued tones, then slowly growing louder proved itself more than conqueror over hatred and wilder. When they were well warmed up, and murder. reason gave way to emotional excitement; they beat their uncovered breasts and faces, shouting The captain of the sultan's band that escorted and howling like madmen. Their mouths were Dr. Sa'eed on his perilous journey was a devout foaming, but they still repeated the word "Allah" Moslem and a descendant of the prophet. On the until they had lost their voices. When they had journey he saw Christ and the Christian religion reached a high pitch of excitement, slowly they so clearly exemplified in the Doctor's life and in began to lapse into a state of hypnotic insensibil- his testimony from the Word of God, that he too ity. Dr. Sa'eed wrote: later confessed Christ as his Saviour and Lord. He visited Hamadan to learn more of Christ and took The sheikh had arranged this performance with the back with him Bibles in Persian and Arabic and idea of warming my cold heart, and to make me return tracts to distribute among his people. to the true faith. But as I listened and observed, how my soul bowed before Him, the Son of God who had sev- Can Moslems be converted? Can a fanatical ered my chains and had set me free from this wild slavery. Kurd become a Christian? Is Christ greater than Tears came to my eyes and I had difficulty in keeping Mohammed? Is the Word of God more powerful them back lest they should fall at the wrong time and than the sword of Islam? Who can doubt it after carry a wrong impression. Did not my soul tell him, reading the history of Dr. Sa'eed, Khan, the Be- "I have more understanding than all my teachers: for loved Physician of Teheran? He is now over thy testimonies are my meditation. I understand more seventy years of age and has been a Christian than the ancients, because I keep thy precepts?" (Psalm for over half a century. He has grown daily in 119: 99, 100.) Christian experience, has reflected Christ in his daily life and in his medical service. Without During the performance, which lasted over two slighting the requirements of his medical prohours, the doctor was a quiet listener and ob- fession he has been a true evangelist. He has server. When the meeting was over, he expressed been a constant student and teacher of the Bible, his thanks and returned to the sultan's house. and his faith and COlll"ag-e and love have never failed. Thousands of Kurds, Persians, Jews, The sheikh, seeing that his "spiritual perform- Turks, Assyrians, Armenians and others of all ance" had accomplished no result, wrote and stations and conditions-high and low, rich and asked for another private interview but the doc- poor, learned and ignorant-rise up to call him tor wrote him a letter, quoting verses from the blessed. Can anyone estimate the result at home Koran and traditions, and concluded by inviting and in the mission fields if ('very Christian would him to become a Christian. so reveal the spirit and power of Christ in char- acter and dailv jifp? What Jesus Christ can do The hostile sheikh, defeated in his purpose, for a converted Kurd, He can do for men and hired a notorious brigand, Khan Sanni, an enemy women of any other race or nation. of the sultan, to waylay the doctor and kill him on the road at night. This plot was discovered and the sultan sent the doctor and his escort by another road. After the brigands had waited in ambush for five days, they returned "like whipped dogs" to report their failure.

Fifteen years later one Sunday afternoon, when

Eben E

.If Devoted Friend of Missions and Missionaries _~I.L.._=R=E=V==.=AS_AnM_AU=EppL_rM_e._ZCiW_aEtM_iEoR_,n_D_b.yD=.t,hP_rei=n=c=et=o=n=,;N;;.!]J.il~~._ W HEN Kate Van Santvoord Olcott, of New ficial benevolence were all to one end, the advance- York City, fell asleep on Thanksgiving ment of the Kingdom of God. Day, November 29, in her eightieth year, Since 1901, Mrs. Olcott was a faithful member the missionary enterprise lost one of its most un- of the Woman's Board of Foreign Missions of the selfish, most loyal, most devoted friends. The Reformed Church in America. She became corworld's needs were always on her heart. Her responding secretary for Arabia the same year practical love and intelligent sympathy stretched and continued in that work until 1930. For all across all frontiers. An those years she carried on earnest Christian from her her heart the burdert of the earliest youth, she walked pioneer work in Arabia (at with God for eighty long that time a land of neglect years. To all who knew her, and darkness, of fanatic opher well-ordered life was a position and hope deferred) constant example of the with the intimacy and tender beauty of holiness and the solicitude of a mother. She calm of a life centered in was friend and counsellor, and source of spiritual en- God. couragement to each worker, U ntH the very day of her always eager to give prac- tical help where opportunity departure, Mrs. Olcott was arose. Every member of the about the King's business. Arabian Mission thinks of Like Moses, faithful in all her with deep affection and her house, she wist not that loyal devotion. To all memher face shone with a light bers of the Mission she was never seen on sea or land. an example of Christian self- At the funeral service held in the Collegiate Church of St. Nicholas no one in the lessness and faithful stew- great gat her i ng of her ardship.

friends needed a reminder When Mrs. Olcott retired that the two hymns rendered KATE VAN SANTVOORD OLCOTT from her secretaryship she by the soloist were an inter- wrote a tribute to the unflag- pretation of her life. Her "walk was close with ging zeal of the women of the Mission with whom God, calm and serene her frame." And Whittier's she had had "the high privilege of close associa- poem on the life "without strain or stress"-like tion for nearly thirty years."

that of the Master's by Lake Galilee-seemed a A nobler band of consecrated Christian women never full-length portrait of her who had fallen asleep. lived, and they have held on in the midst of great discour- Indeed her daughter found her early in the morn- agement-in "persecution often," in sickness, in separaing with the latest issue of the MISSIONARY RE- tion from loved ones and even unto death! VIEW OF THE WORLD turned open at Dr. Latourette's article, "The Evangelization of the World in Great will be their reward in heaven, and even now they are reaping a faint measure of it in the high esteem in which they are held by those among whom they are work- This Generation." It was the last thing she read. ing. Their homes have been veritable Light Houses amidst No student volunteer ever lived out the spirit of the gross darkness of Islam, and their family lives have the watchword more faithfully than Mrs. Olcott. shone out in contrast to those about them!

Her study of the Scriptures, her prayer-life, her "As his part is that goeth down to the battle, so reading, her talents of administration and counsel, shall his share be that tarryeth by the baggage; her indefatigable correspondence, and her sacri- they shall share alike." This is true of all who [SO]

MISSIONARY DOGS AND AIRPLANES

work at home for the foreign field. But great was always eager to send out all the money in the David's Greater Son has a far better promise, ful- treasury to meet urgent needs on the field. Her filled in her life: "Give and it shall be given unto thoughtfulness for others and her self-forgetfulyou; good measure, pressed down and shaken to- ness included long waiting at the steamship piers gether and running over, shall men pour into to welcome returning missionaries or to bid fareyour bosom." well to those who sailed. Her generous hospi- tality was proverbial and genuine. She had a In 1905, on the occasion of the Jubilee of the spirit like Nathaniel in whom there was no guile. Arcot Mission in India, Mrs. Olcott visited the for- Loyal to her own Puritan principles, she was eign field. Not only Arabia, but India, China, and tolerant of those who differed from her and had Japan shared her personal interest. For many a mind open to receive new truth. The center and years she supported her own missionaries, con- goal of her life was Jesus Christ her Lord and tributed to the regular work of her denomination, Saviour. The Bible and the place of prayer were cared for the Jacob Chamberlain Memorial Band the secret of her strength and beauty of character of Evangelists in India, had her share in the es- -a river of influence that made glad the city of tablishment of the Woman's Union Medical Col- God. lege at Vellore, as well as in many other union enterprises and efforts at home and abroad. In Mrs. Olcott's words were few in mission gath- 1911, Mrs. Olcott was one of the delegates to the erings for she was ever modest and retiring, but Edinburgh Missionary Conference and was an en- when she opened her mouth to speak it was with thusiastic supporter of its findings. She was one wisdom, and her tongue was ruled by the law of the charter members of the American Christian of love. All who knew her rise up to call her Literature Society for Moslems and its efficient blessed, and her own works praise her in the gates. Treasurer until the day of her death. No treas- May God raise up many others who will follow in urer was ever more faithful in securing and ad- her footsteps and emulate her character and ministering funds. A generous giver herself, she service.

Missionary Dogs and Airplanes By BISHOP P. T. ROWE, Seattle, Washington Protestant Episcopal Bishop of Alaska W HEN I went to Alaska, in the spring of dogs I pioneered the great interior of Alaska and 1896, the white population was estimated made a journey of 2,000 miles each winter. There to be 2,000. The conditions were much as were no road houses to spend the night in. You they had been under the Russian Government. simply camped for the night in the snow, what- There were no roads and no trails. Having in- ever the temperature, and the temperature went spected the southern coast, which meant Wrangell, as low as 78° below zero at times. Juneau and Sitka, I headed for the interior and crossed the mountains via the Chilkoot Pass. In For thirty-four years my winters were spent in doing so I hauled my own sled. Dogs were not traveling with the dogs. In doing so I not only obtainable. When I reached the interior and traversed the inland of Alaska but reached the winter approached, I got dogs from the Indians. Arctic coast and began work among the Eskimos. These dogs were maImutes and of wolfish descent. I had to train them and while doing so trained The use of dogs and travel, such as I have demyself so that I could meet the severe cold and scribed, is still a demand in Alaska, though not to travel on snowshoes without going lame. the same extent. Having grown old in the service requiring dogs and snowshoes, it is a happy I had also to cook beans, then freeze them, so change to use airplanes and to look down on places that I would have food for months of travel. For where you had terribly hard sledging, and fly in the dogs I had dried fish. The dogs drew the sleds comfort over the same. The airplane in Alaska loaded with my food, sleeping robes, and the dried is a commercial boon. It is also a boon for people fish. It was not possible to ride on the sled as the who are seriously ill or have met with an accident. snow was deep and you had to "break trail" for The airplane has come. I welcome it, and, though the dogs. Were you to ride you had to dress in I did much work by and through the dogs, I am furs, unsuitable for snowshoeing. So with the glad to take the airplane in their place. Effective Ways of Working I 'Tested Methods for Increasing Interest at Home EDITED BY MRS. ESTELLA S. AITCHISON, GRANVILLE, OHIO ~'=I= = = = = = = = = = = =_________'I~ NEW WAYS FOR NINE- sionary activity and study, after meeting to which the missionary careful survey of Sunday school, .. committee, all officers and chair- TEEN THIRTY-FIVE young people's work, etc. Is the men of standing committees, A New Year's greeting to pas- work coordinated or haphazard, Sunday school teachers, etc., are tors and church leaders 1 What advance are you planning over each department on its own?) personally invited, and formuthe means and methods of last 3. Report from the Lookout at late a plan to gear every departyear? Is your church thoroughly aroused, informed and geared the Mast Head; or a Bird's-eye ment of church activity into a for missions? Don't rest back View of What Other Churches comprehensive missionary proupon an active group of women (bless them 1) plus two mission- Are Doing. (Cast your eye over gram. For such an endeavor, ary sermons a year to qualify you under the Great Commis- the Methods Department of THE read carefully the articles on sion and the Crying Need. Start the New Year right by a mission- REVIEW for-say two years past "Plans for Pastors and Church ary "arousement" which will stimulate the life currents in -and give a summary of what Leaders," February, 1933, page every department of church activity. How about devoting an impress you as the best plans 99 in THE REVIEW; also "Plans especially advertised mid-week meeting – or maybe an all- for mission study, children's, for Fresh Beginnings," Septemchurch evening dinner-to some such program as the following, young people's, women's, men's ber, 1933, page 452, these arusing either the plain or the fanciful titles according to con- and Sunday school work; for the ticles indicating the ideal comditions, but remembering that a touch of fancy in the presenta- field has been carefully covered position and functioning of the tion of a theme creates relish and so receptivity? and only such plans as have been basic church missionary commit- tested in reliable use appear. If tee. Abundant suggestions for you have not kept your files of implementing details are scat- THE REVIEW, let this be a lesson tered all through the year.

to you: and if you are not al- ready a subscriber, send in your STEWARDSHIP DECLAMATION subscription at once, as you can- CONTESTS not afford to limit yourself to Mrs. Carter Wright, South- brief surveys of the copy in the wide Stewardship chairman for public library. Articles through- the Woman's Mission Union of out the magazine afford ready- the Southern Baptist Conven- to-hand material for activating tion, and Miss Juliette Mather, many of the plans.) its Young People's Secretary, "Go YE-INTO ALL THE WORLD" 4. The Importance of the Log have brought out plans and ac- Book; or the Prime Place of a 1. Sailing Orders; or the Live Missionary Magazine that tivating material for a series of Place of Missions in the Church Records Daily Progress in the contests which should go far to- Program-Occasional or Perma- Kingdom of God. (Exploit your ward training a generation of nent? (Not as an adjunct to the systematic and proportional givwork but the Church's supreme own denominational organ or endeavor without which it has organs, and THE REVIEW which ers. no justification for considering "Few projects," they say, itself more than a club or fra- gives a world-wide view afforded ternal organization. Missionary by no other missionary publica- "have grown in favor and popuendeavor constitutes a test of the tion. Plan for follow-up work in larity as rapidly as the Stewardreality of our professed faith the way of solicitation of sub- ship Declamation Con t est s, and loyalty, for the very heart of scriptions w hi I e interest is delighting both the young parthe Gospel is missionary. Mis- warm. If you wait to draw the ticipants and the admiring audisions now have a strategic op- net, you may lose many possi- ences attending the contests. portunity, for they must save bilities.) Everywhere people speak of the the world from the tragedy of value of the contest in teaching human selfishness which has al- 5. Setting the Sails to Cateh the Wind; or Seeking the Dy- tithing and developing a real most wrecked it.) namic. (Season of earnest prayer sense of stewardship. The decla- 2. Taking the Reckoning; or mations present stewardship of for the Spirit's motive power What Our Own Church Is Doing. and guidance.) tithes and offerings, that the (Accurate statement of all mis- emphasis be clearly given this At the earliest possible oppor- difficult phase of stewardship.

tunity after this service, hold a The W. M. U. understands that [32 ]

EFFECTIVE WAYS OF WORKING

stewardship includes more than American Life" appeared in part market or bake sale to which tithes and offerings, but in the in our September issue, sends each woman takes a basket of contest this is the theme." the following suggestions in the fruit, vegetables or other food capacity of her position as Mis- whose value equals her annual Sunbeam Band members (the sionary Education Secretary for dues and which, when sold, entiny tots) are asked to memorize Illinois under the Baptist wom- ables her to pay in full at the one of the two series' of Scrip- en's organizations. start. Call this a Dues sale. Use ture verses in a given leaflet, a Blessing Box, each person such as Gen. 1: 1; Psalm 24: 1; 1. Have each member of your young dropping in a penny whenever Job 41: 11; Psalm 50: 10; Hag- people's group read at least two books she has occasion to be thankful. gai 2: 8; Lev. 27: 30; Mal. 3: on the year's themes-Home and For- Or have roll call at each meet- 10, 11 and 2: 2; Lev. 26: 2, 12. eign. "Gold Mountain," by Payne; ing, members coming forward The second test is the Parable of "Lim Yik Choy," by Shepherd; "Ty- to pay, or answering to their the Rich Fool, as given in the phoon Days in Japan," by Spencer, names with "paid" or "unpaid"! twelfth chapter of Luke. and "Japan and Her People," by Hughes, are especially recommended. BUILDING THE NATION Junior organizations each se- BEAUTIFUL lect one of the talks furnished in 2. Present a play or pageant deala leaflet, memorizing and pre- ing with the themes, such as "The A Christian Americanization senting these at the contest, Color Line," "The Cross Triumphant," Pageant memory counting for 50%, enun- or original dramatizations from such ciation for 25%, posture for books as "A Daughter of the Samu- A summer survey of the new 10% and expression and inter- rai" and "A Daughter of the Narikin.' missionary literature revealed, pretation for 15%. among other things, that most 3. Present a debate on a topic ap- denominations are responding to Intermediate age groups select propriate to the year's themes, such the plea for more dramatizations and write upon a topic from a as: "Orientals in the United States as effective vehicles for both given list, some of which are: should have the same citizenship priv- information and inspiration. "Tithing Pays"; "Is the Money ileges as do other foreign-speaking Outstanding in artistry and im- Ours or God's?"; "Non-Tithers' residents"; "J a pan's geographical pressiveness is one arranged and Excuses Answered" ; "Obedi- limitations justify her expansion pol- directed by Mrs. T. J. Hopkins, ence the Master's Test." Essays icy." of Wayne, Pennsylvania, and as delivered are limited to five given at a Christian Americanminutes. 4. Have at least three meetings on ization meeting of the Woman's each of the themes, preferably basing American Baptist Home Mis- The Young Women's organi- them on current study books. Recom- sionary Society, at Washington, zations give original talks not mended for such use are "Out of the D. C. While couched in feminine. exceeding seven minutes in de- Far East" (Hunter) and "WorId terms in adaptation to its immelivery, based on such subjects Tides in the Far East" "Mathews). diate purpose, it is easily transas: "Owners-or Stewards"?; latable into the masculine or "My Partner's Portion"; "In Ac- 5. Have a creditable proportion of mixed terminology to be used in count with God" ; "Giving a Part your membership in a mission study a young people's group as well of Worship"; "The Tithe-God's class, in a school of missions if possi- as among their elders, and would Preventive of Covetousness." A ble. be very effective among pastors speaker exceeding the time lim- for· an evening service. The acit in delivery is penalized by a 6. Service activities: (a) A per- tion, costuming and staging are deduction of five from the sonal friendship with one or more so simple that groups of limited judges' final grade for each min- Oriental Americans; (b) A carefully resources would find it available ute's excess. All contestants are arranged visit to Chinatown; (c) A with a minimum of rehearsal. presented by number only until public program embracing all of your after the judges' decision is an- denominational agencies among Ori- The Master of Ceremonies nounced. entals in the U. S.; (d) A similar pro- states by way of introduction gram for Japan; (e) An international that Christian Americanization Awards (such as missionary forum with representatives or imper- work lends itself to the beautifybooks) are optional, but some sonations of Orientals, to discuss ing of the nation, for it is truly small token to each winner is "What are the next steps in interna- beautiful only as it is Christian. both stimulating and delightful. tional cooperation?" (f) A Japa- -A guest is expected. Here she The contests begin in the local nese festival; (g) Sending of desired comes now! church, progress through their supplies to a mission among Orientals. winners to the association, then Enter a woman called Mrs. the district and end in the state POLICY POINTERS FROM SUMMER Uncle Sam, or Mrs. U. S., competition. Is not this plan dressed in full red skirt with worth trying, either partially or CONFERENCES white stripes and close fitting in its entirety? waist of blue. Accompanying Programs are not the sole end her is a woman dressed as a PRACTICAL PROJECTS FOR and aim of our planning. The scribe and carrying a book made following excerpts from the of heavy 11×14 paper with the YOUNG PEOPLE Methodist women's meetings at Lakeside, Ohio, furnish policies Mrs. B. P. Heubner, whose in a nutshell: Begin the year outline study for "Orientals in with the sketch of a bare tree as a symbol of the local organiza- tion, and paste on a leaf for each new member. This year substi- tute cherry blossoms. Have a demonstration at the opening of the year to show what the mis- sionary dues and other contribu- tions do, using impersonations and dramatics. If commercial methods are unavoidable, hold a

American flag drawn on its cov- the Key Stones in the structure. next speaks to the Guest, hoping er. On the several pages are in- The Master Builder tells of the the purpose of Americanization work has been made clear and scribed in bold lettering the es- foundation in Jesus Christ (see mentioning the rare gifts of the sential points of the program, Isa. 28: 16 and Eph. 2: 20, 21) foreigners themselves: the Ital- and introduces several Ameri- ian love of music; the Armenian "Foundation," "Keystone," etc., canization workers to give brief with his steadfastness of purthese being displayed at the ap- pose; the Japanese-lover of propriate poi n t to reinforce talks on their work. children; the Chinese, devoted through eye-gate the coincident The Master of Ceremonies to the family; the Mexican with his gaiety; the Pole-strong of messages through ear-gate. The next describes the need for Mas- body and willing of spirit; the Master of Ceremonies introduces ter Craftsmen, and introduces Greek with his art, etc. A blend- Mrs. Uncle Sam saying she has one to speak on "Materials for ing of these gifts in the Chris- tianized foreigner will help crebeen invited to the gathering to the Superstructure" – stones ate the Nation Beautiful. record the essential points of the such as human life, men and work and then to carry back to women of varied gifts and a na- Mrs. United States then asks the women of the nation the idea tive love of the beautiful, "ma- permission to speak; and turn- terials of great price; folks with ing the pages of the great book of its worth and magnitude and one by one, she recapitulates the tell them the part it plays in souls as precious as our own, points made (which appear in building our "Nation Beautiful." bought with the blood of Christ." large lettering) and promises The guest responds suitably, She appeals to the Guest of the that this plea for Master Buildpromising to catch the spirit and evening to broadcast a plea for ers, Artisans, Master Craftsmen and Artists shall go from coast have the proceedings faithfully greater interest in the foreign to coast. She bids Godspeed to recorded in the book by her woman, a closer touch with her all the assembled group of mis- longings and needs with a view sionaries and volunteer workers scribe. The two latter are then to transforming her into choice and wishes them success. seated at a table on a platform slightly higher than that of the material for the Master Archi- Thanking the Honored Guest Master of Ceremonies. tect's use. for this promise, the Master of Ceremonies closes with the fol- Three stanzas of "America the The call for Craftsmen's Tools lowing poem and the singing of Beautiful" are then sung, after is next sounded by the Master of the last stanza of "America the which the Master of Ceremonies Beautiful" : makes the opening talk. She Ceremonies-the human materistates that the words just sung al (foreigners) becomes more To each one is given a marble to give inspiration to go out from carve for the wall: the meeting and engage in a beautiful after certain influences are brought to bear through the A stone that is needed to heighten Kingdom enterprise of nation- implements wielded by the Arti- the beauty of all: building; for making the nation sans, one of whom will now And only his soul has magic to give Christian is a vital part of the speak. it grace; 'missionary endeavor because it The Artisan tells of the use And only his hands have the cunning means Christ in the hearts of of the Book as the Rule, English to put it in place. men, women and children. Nehemiah of old, returning to re- lessons as the Mallet to drive Yes, the task that is given to each one build Jerusalem, set the people away ignorance and misunder- no other can do, at their tasks by groups made up standing, Friendliness as the of families, one building by the Level to straighten out the rough So the errand is waiting-it has wait- places for the foreign folk. ed through the ages for you. East Gate, another by the Fountain Gate and still another by One thing more is called for And now you appear: and the hushed the Sepulcher of David. We do by the Master of Ceremonies- ones are turning their gaze our missionary work by groups, Cement to hold all portions of the building together firmly- To see what you do with your chance one by the Good Citizenship and the speaker impersonating in the chamber of days. Gate, one by the White Cross Gate (hospital supplies, gar- this element makes a strong plea -Edwin MU1·khum. ments for the needy, etc.), an- for more Prayer to make the weak efforts of man into a USING SCREEN PICTURES other by the Literature Gate, mighty power and force. while Christian Americanization Harry S. Myers, of the Baptist workers build the portion by the "A building becomes beauti- Stereopticon Bureau, writes: Foreign Gate. The Master Architect-God Himself – supply- ful," says the Master of Cere- "The Religious Motion Picture monies, "through the skill of Foundation, 140 Nassau St., ing plans for the Nation Beauti- Artists who m a k e possible New York City, is an invaluable ful : under Him a Master aid in arousing interest in mis- Builder to carry out the plans. stained glass windows, frescoes, sions. The School of Missions in blended colors in tapestries and past years has been a consider- The first concern of the Master walls. Mrs. B-, who is one of able user of this material. The Builder, to have a secure founda- these Artists, will reveal the pos- missionary offering of 0 n e tion. Mrs. A- (Christian sibilities of music among our church was increased many Americanization superintend- times by its utilization." ent) will now give a glimpse of foreign friends." This Artist sings, "Come Ye Blessed of My Father." The Master of Ceremonies The Council of Women for Home Missions ANNE SEESHOLTZ, EXECUTIVE SECRETARY, 105 EAST TWENTY-SECOND STREET, NEW YORK ~=~==~===============~ EPIPHANY OR "REVELATION Church, Honolulu, the editor guese Evangelica, Mr. Talmage FESTIVAL" learned that churches, once be- longing to the foreign mission writes: -Chinese Christian. enterprise, have under the direc- tion of the Board of the Hawaii- In 1891 it was felt necessary to or- "They offered him gifts" an Evangelical Association ad- ganize work among the Portuguese of vanced into the cooperating, Honolulu. The Portuguese group, at "Praise the Eternal, 0 families of the coordinating stage of Christian that time, as now, was largely Roman nations fellowship. Catholic, but there were many children who were being entirely neglected by praise the Eternal for his glory and After many years of leadership in any church. his might! the missionary work of the Hawaiian Islands, during which time the Board A young man, Mr. A. V. Soares, praise the Eternal for his open glory organized its work by committees, was called to the Islands from the enter into his courts with an offer- representatives of Chinese, Japanese, Portuguese colony in Illinois. After Portuguese, Hawaiian, Filipino, and some years of constructive work, Mr. ing." English-speaking races, the Board in Soares and his assistants built up a "Let the skies be glad, let earth re- 1933 made what was felt to be a for- substantial small church. ward step, by placing all of the work joice of these various committees under one In 1926, Mr. Soares became ill, and let the sea and all within it thunder interracial group. it seemed an opportunity to make some Let the land and all it holds exult, radical adjustments for the church. let all the trees of the forest sing Up to that date each one of these The older people, all of whom spoke committees had been composed of the their mother language, decided that for joy, Anglo-Saxons and representatives of it should be an English-speaking at the Eternal's presence-for he the particular language group. church as soon as possible. After some months of supply preachers comes, Beginning 1933 these various races from the Hawaiian Board, the present he comes to rule the earth, were combined with the Anglo-Saxons pastor was called. Since that time, to rule the world with justice for the conduct of the church work aside from one Sunday School class and the nations faithfully." of the Board. for elderly people, and the rare use From Psalm 96-Moffatt translation. of a Portuguese hymn, the work has Whereas, in the past, the individual been carried on almost entirely in MODERN MISSIONS IN committees meeting once a month, had English. HAWAII been tending toward isolation, now it is impossible for any race to consider The encouraging thing in the From Rev. T. Markham Tal- itself alone. change from a foreign – speaking mage, pastor of the Pilgrim church to English was the fact that Of necessity our agenda is appall- the old people, who dearly loved their ing in length and often concerns in- church in their mother-tongue, made tricate situations, but there is a very the decision for the change to English. great gain in having our various races sit as advisers to determine the poli- When it was realized that this cies of all. Further, authoritative ac- meant for many of them, giving up tion is cumulative, as the races are the services of worship that they forced to act upon each others' prob- could understand, and around which lems. had been built their whole life, it seems to be one of the most beautiful This committee has now been work- and sacrificial offerings growing out ing for a little over a year, with some of our mission in the islands. This definite gain. It is exceedingly diffi- change was made because of the real- cult, but those who worked with the ization on the part of the older people committees in their old form, know that the church worship could not be that that plan also had its difficulties. vital to the younger people if carried on in a language which they could not Under the old arrangement, the understand. The older people took present chairman of the Churches upon themselves the situation usually Committee was the chairman of the demanded of the younger. Japanese Committee, and a member of the Portuguese-English-speaking Com- A YOUTH COUNCIL AT THE mittee. He can see no lessening of friendly interest from the Japanese ANNUAL MEETING OF group, due to the change. THE HAWAIIAN EVAN- This committee has under its leader- ship 91 churches, of which there are GELICAL ASSOCIATION 62 Hawaiian, 16 Japanese, 6 Chinese, 6 Filinipo, 1 Portuguese. Our church gatherings in Ha- waii, like our political cam- Concerning the church for- paigns, are very colorful. The merly known as Egreja Portu- Annual Meeting of the Hawaiian [ 35 ] Evangelical Association is a big event in the lives of the delegates. It means travel between So we had a conference and we them, customs have grown up the Islands, a week of splendid called it a "youth council." When and have been unchallenged for meetings, excellent Hawaiian it was all over, we found that years, and here as elsewhere we food, meeting of friends and 204 persons had registered and must keep gilding the monu- relatives, flower leis, music and attended at least one of the three ments of the past. Something lots of aloha. morning sessions, and 42 church- happens to the religious interest This year the 112th Annual es had been represented by them. of young people when they enter Meeting of the Association was The choirs were from Hawaiian high school age. It does not held in Hilo, Hawaii, June 23-27, churches only. Hence the major- seem to be a loss of religion.

1934. Hilo is the home of the ity of the young people were of Rather is it a change of values.

boarding school founded by Gen- that race. Yet we had Japanese, The reevaluation process goes eral Armstrong, who 1ate r Portuguese, Chinese, and Fili- on in relation to all of youth's founded Hampton Institute. Ha- pino representatives also. beliefs at that time. He becomes waii is the "Big" Island with its The Association gave official an explorer, and sometimes he two mountains Mauna Kea and recognition to the council and al~ seems to explore too boldly in Mauna Loa, both over 13,000 feet lotted two and a half hours each the sacred areas of religion. He high. On this island is the vol- morning for a meeting. becomes critical of the church's cano which has been very active It was the first major attempt program, its preaching, its mem- recently, always in a friendly of the great gathering of dele- bership. But he still expects the manner. The churches on four gates to give a real place on the church to be an institution deal- of the five main islands of the program to young people and ing with religion. The Christian group sent delegates by steamer. their problems. The meetings be- way of life, the unselfish and One whole ship was devoted to gan with a worship planned and gracious Christ, the ideals of them and they overflowed into conducted by the young people. Christian living, all make their another one-a happy, singing, They found Augustine Smith's appeal to him. Unless the church friendly crowd, most of them "New Hymnal for American meets him at this age and goes wearing wreaths of flowers Youth" very helpful for this with him into adult life, he tends called "leis." purpose. to become material-minded.

Hilo provided a royal welcome. They were very much inter- So the practical question More than 500 delegates partook ested in the discussion groups, arises, how to bring the church of three meals a day, cooked and which had about one and a half nearer to this group and this served by the volunteer helpers hours each day, to consider the group nearer to the church? of the entertaining church. They needs of their own churches. Our council decided that the were provided with beds and They asked and answered the first thing is to create clear unblankets and linen. They were question, "What does the church derstanding in this area, and the entertained at evening parties expect of the young people ?" second thing is that th€y should attended by over 700 people. and summed it up in the word choose their own representatives to sit as full voting members on And a notable choir contest was "Loyalty."

held the first night. In this con- They tried to determine what the official board of the church. test seven choirs ranging in num- young people expect of the Upon the s e representatives ber of members between twenty church. It may surprise us that should rest the responsibility to and sixty competed before a they decided that the church explain the attitude of the young great audience, singing in Ha- should be primarily concerned people, to see that the young peowaiian words Mozart's "Twelfth with religion. There was clear ple and their organizations are Mass," arranged by the leader of thinking on this subject. They given adequate consideration and the Hilo church choir. There is knew the church felt called upon to carryover to the young people probably nothing like this choir to develop activities. But they the high and broad principles contest. Memorized music, with- felt that there were enough ac- upon which the church operates, out instrumental accompani- tivities in school and community to see that the church calendar ment, a little pitch pipe in the life. They expected the church of activities is free from conhands of the leader to start them to be "a flaming torch leading us flicts in dates and plans. In fact off, and yet – and yet – music on to greater and higher things, they are to be ambassadors of whose chords and timing, timbre but today the church is like an goodwill. and phrasing and balance are so ambulance travelling behind, perfect that listeners tingle with Some of us who were privileged to appreciation and excitement. picking up the wounded." work with this group throughout the Then they spent some time sessions, felt that a very important It was this choir contest which with both feet on the ground try- step has been taken. made the conference of young The Association has officially rec.ogpeople possible. Many of the ing to devise practical ways nized its obligation to its own children. whereby the church might serve It is not starting a new organization. choir members are under 30 the youth of these Islands. They It is welcoming them, and acknowledgyears of age. The contest was felt that there is too great a dis- ing them as sons and daughters in held at the very beginning of the tance between the young people the Christian Church.- NORMAN C. meeting. After that the choir SCHENCK, Associate Secretary of the members had very little to do. and the older people at present. Board of Hawaiian Evangelical Asso- Language barriers separate ciation.

NEWS William Martin, well known as student cannot busy

editor of the Journal de Geneva, with his books in the face of Future of Christianity says in a recent article: "Never present threats of war…. It is Dr. Cleland B. McAfee of New speak of the 'next war'-for in this world of mass influence York, secretary of the Presby- nothing is more dangerous. Wars terian Board of Foreign Mis- become fatal at the moment and mass movements that the sions, says that if Christianity when people believe in them; keeps on its present rate it will that is, when they begin to per- claims of Christ have to be become the world's majority re- suade themselves that war is in- -Far Horizons. ligion within fifty years. This evitable. There is no such thing made." opinion was expressed recently as an inevitable war! There will in an article in the Portland, be no next war if the people do Russian Asks Christian Unity Oregon, Journal. Dr. McAfee not want it." who has given 46 years of his A plea for united, universal life to active Christian service, If "the people" want peace Christianity was given by Serobserved that he had seen the enough to work for it, to take as gius Bulgakoff, dean of the facbottom fall out of things several their slogan, in place of "War is ulty of the Russian Orthodox times before in his long life, and atrocious and futile, but," "War Theological Academy, Paris, at finds nothing in the present is atrocious and futile and-it the New York Cathedral of St. world economic upheaval to wor- shall not be!"-then we may see John the Divine, Sunday, Octory him in so far as the Christian fulfilled the prophecy, "From ber 7. religion is concerned. He is now on, war by governments equally positive that the Church shall be changed to peace by "Both spirits, that of the Tower of must supply the leadership in peoples." -World Outlook. Babel and that of Pentecost, have this time of need. He is confi- influenced the life of the Church durdent that: "We have reached Handicaps to Study ing her history," Fr. Bulgakoff dethe day when we are going to clared, "but the prevailing spirit have to have a better spirit in Dr. Visser 't Hooft, Secretary until now has been the schismatic the world, because we are living of the World's Student Chris- one. Fortunately, we are now able closer together than ever before. tian Federation, in a recent to notice a remarkable change. A We must learn how to live to- speech in England mentioned an new message sounds through the gether and the Christian Church Indian professor who said that world, a new spirit is breathing, the is the one institution able to give twenty-five per cent of his stu- spirit of Pentecost, the message of this message and program to the dents were in prison, twenty-five universal Christianity. world." per cent were engaged in politi- cal propaganda, twenty-five per This ecumenic spirit is now awak- Promoting Peace cent were spying on the others, ened as a first realization of the and the rest were doing a little Church's catholicity in our days. In- studying. He referred also to a stead of mutual exclusiveness and thousand Shanghai students haughtiness there comes a desire for mutual acquaintance and understand- ing in the spirit of peace and love. This change has already begun, as the representatives of many different confessions meet now with one an- other without feeling their own orth- odoxy endangered.

Fr. Bulgakoff pointed to two Dr. Mary E. Woolley tells us who asked for a special train to causes of separation between what we can do to promote Nanking in order that they Christian bodies-differences in peace. 1. Assure the President might express to the President creed which should not be evaded that you will support in every their views on the Manchurian in the effort for reunion, and difpossible way a program for situation. Their request re- ferences caused by provincialism "practical pea c e, permanent fused, they sat down in a body and narrow-mindedness which peace, real peace throughout the on the tracks so that no train should easily be overcome. -The Living Church. world." 2. Do not hide your light was able to enter or leave the under a bushel as far as your station. They got their train! EfTective Preparation senators and representatives are In Nanking they stood in a concerned. Rather, set it upon a freezing temperature before the In Basil Matthew's biography hill-that they may not fail to palace for forty-eight hours of John R. Mott, he gives the see where their constituencies until a deputation was received notes made for Dr. Mott's per- stand on this momentous ques- and promises of action given sonal guidance in preparation tion of international cooperation, them. for conferences.

versus national isolation. 3. Do Dr. 't Hooft, continuing his Personal: not join the "defeatist group." address, said: "The European Keep the Morning Watch.

[37 ]

Spend eight hours in bed; also The Elyria League has already of New York City by the Times take nap in afternoon. undertaken a specific work-the Square Mission. The record for support of a native evangelist in September indicated that more Take drive each afternoon. India. The Women's Missionary than 23,000 attended the open- Take time for preparation before Society has also taken on new air meetings. This only included all public work. life as a result. persons who stayed as long as Plan each day. twenty minutes. Many raised Before each address and confer- A College Student Church their hands for prayer and many ence remind oneself of the need of remained for interviews. Forty the Holy Spirit and definitely claim Last October Dr. Hutchison, thousand tracts and Gospels His help for the work at hand. President of Washington and were distributed, and 95 hours Be mindful of the things of others Jefferson College, Pennsylvania, were filled during the month -especially associates. presented to presbytery the with these outdoor meetings on Avoid: church letters of 44 students, one of the busiest corners of Sins of the tongue. with a request that these men be Broadway. The mechanical versus sense of vo- made the nucleus of a fully accation. credited Presbyterian Church on The Cost of Crime Content with small results versus the college campus. Dr. Hutchivery great, i. e. real spiritual results. son explained that none of the Not every one knows that Expect large results: present methods of providing re- Remember that there has been an ligion for students has proved crime costs us 25 % of the naadequate cause from which great re- successful, because the students sults may be expected, namely, the have had no responsibility for tion's income. Here are some long preparation, the self-denial, the the form or expression of their figures that came recently from prayers of many all over the world, religion. Under this new plan a Senator Copeland: the working of the Living, Almighty church will be organized entirely God. of students. Not even professors Losses through frauds. $1,270,000,000 of the college may belong. Elders Property losses and eco- "Spirit of Missions" will be ordained, all other church offices will be filled by students. nomic value of 12,500 Centenary The pastor will be Rev. Cameron m u r d e r s (annual Ralston, director of religious ac- toll) ………….. $1,160,000,000 At the end of 1934 The Spirit tivities for the college. Law Enforcement …. $4,000,000,000 of Missions begins its one hun- Waste involved in dealdredth year of continuous serv- Signs of Church Life ing with crime …. $6,503,000,000 ice. One can read in almost any In the first three months of The Protestant Episcopal paper that the Church is about 1934, four-fifths of all those ar- Church's only official periodical to die, but Dr. Herman Weber, rested were under 30 years of is entering its second century editor of the Year Book of age and many were only 19. Of with confidence and enthusiasm. American Churches has a differ- 12,000 murders during the last It will continue to depict the ent opinion. He says: few years, 4,000 were caught mission fields in America and and sentenced; only 153 paid the her possessions, afar in the Ori- More than 30,000,000 Americans, extreme penalty. It seems that ent, in Africa, in India. More attend services in Protestant and one may murder with a 3 to 1 than 4,000 missionary workers Catholic churches, and Jewish syna- chance of not being punished at have spoken through its pages. gogues every week. The churches all, or a 1 to 80 chance of paying are gaining members at the rate of the death penalty-a little less -Circular. 750,000 a year. Church buildings risky than going swimming! have increased sevenfold in number NORTH AMERICA in the last 75 years. The last census Hartford Mission Fellowship showed 232,154 houses of worship in A Men's Missionary League the country, and the church debts What do the young people of amount to only 11 per cent of the this decade think of foreign mis- A "Men's Missionary League" value of church property." We are sions? Are they responsive to has come into being in the First also told by Dr. Kieffer, president of the world's need of Christ? A United Presbyterian Church of the Association of Statisticians of group representing six denomi- Elyria, Ohio. The League began American Religious Bodies, that ap- nations has been formed in the with 16 men, including the pas- proximately one half of the popula- Hartford Seminary Foundation. tor, Rev. George A. Brown, on tion of the United States is definitely Twelve mission boards were con- October 20, 1933. The present related to some church. While the sulted, and the outcome was the membership is 37. After a full population of the country increased appointment of a Committee of year of experience the men and 22 fold between 1800 and 1934, church Nine to guide the training and their pastor, have a deep con- membership in the same period -in- activities of the group. This viction that they should give creased 80 fold. Hartford Mission Fellowship their testimony to the Church. has presented its message at A leaflet entitled "An Adventure -Presbyterian Banner. twelve student conferences and in Masculine Missions" has been several churches, and it is hoped sent out to leading men through- Times Square Mission to continue to reach colleges and out the denomination. The leaf- preparatory schools as far as let contains the Constitution and A notable piece of evangelistic possible. By-Laws, and, condensed, a ser- work is being done in the heart mon preached by the pastor on Men and Missions Sunday, "Missions-A Man's Job."

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

The group is seeking to go as 3. To stimulate older Christians in courses offered are training prayer and service. graduates to meet these needs. a unit, without stated salaries, 4. To instruct Christian workers to A religious education club, orand take up work in some unoc- ganized by students, is studying cupied mission field like Tibet, make their ministry more effectual. 5. To combat the error and evil problems of rural churches, con- centrating on methods, materi- Mongolia, India, Africa, Japan and deliver those who are being en- als, organization and equipment or China. Recently the group snared. for all ages which can be used has decided to concentrate its study on China and surrounding 6. To provide worth-while employ- ment for those who wish to serve Christ. 7. To furnish Gospel sermons and successfully. territories. Bible teaching to those communities which do not have a resident minister. The Farm School, N. C., has a New England's Student Gospel Team, numbering 35, Movement Nearly 400 different titles, with a waiting list. The team covering a wide range of sub- visits mountain communities On October 19, 20 and 21 students from all over New Eng- jects, are published today, and within a radius of 125 miles but land gathered at Northfield to 57,692,350 books, booklets and has concentrated in four near-by form a new united Student tracts have been distributed. settlements as an entering wedge for an intensive study to see Christian Movement, made up of representatives from 41 colleges, A Notable Work whether Farm school can put on an all around extension program and including both adults and Many useful organizations are there. Agricultural aid, health students from Y. M. C. A., Y. almost unknown and receive lit- work and recreational leader- W. C. A., S. V. M., and church tle recognition. A century ago ship, in addition to religious acyoung peoples' societies. the "Female Moral Reform So- tivities are possibilities under The"Aim and Purpose" are as ciety"-later the "American Fe- consideration. follows: male Guardian Society" was -Presbyterian Banner.

The Student Christian Movement founded in New York by a group Methodists Celebrate is a fellowship of students, men and women, who are challenged by the of women, who after years of More than 1,200 delegates replife and teachings of Jesus to seek enduring ridicule, secured legis- resenting the various branches for themselves the sources of His lation to punish abduction, and of Methodism and coming from power and to manifest, in all the re- by other laws to protect young all parts of the United States, lationships of their lives, His rever- boys and girls. The society later ence for personality and truth. started nine industrial schools Canada England and Australia A committee of 22 adults and for poor children, and initiated gathered recently in Baltimore 30 students was appointed to fresh air work. It provided a for the principal celebration of carry out the purposes of the sewing machine fund, which admovement. One of the aims is vanced money to poor women so the sesquicentennial of Amerito merge activities of church that they might pay for them in can Methodism. Practically groups, the Y. M. C. A., the Y. installments, and pioneered oth- everyone of importance in Meth- W. C. A., and the Student Volun- er forms of relief. Its various odism was present, as well as teer Movement in New England. orphan homes are doing effective various leaders in other denom- A similar movement was organ- work and 37,000 children have inations. An oratorio, "The gone through its institutions. At Evangel of the New World," and ized in the Middle Atlantic re- a pageant, "The Spreading gion last summer, and a national least one well known Presbytericommittee is studying the possi- an minister and editor, John Flame," were presented. bilities of cooperation through- Bancroft Devins, was brought up in a home of the Society and An interesting historical sumout the nation. the manager of the Tribune mary of the beginnings of. Meth- odism in this country was Issued, Forty Years Colportage Work Fresh Air Fund. with a message especially pre- -So S. Times. pared for the book by E. Stanley The Bible Institute Colportage Studying Mountain Needs Jones. Society of Chicago, founded by -The Christian Century.

D. L. Moody, celebrated its 40th At the Asheville, N. C., Nor- Lutheran Anniversary anniversary on November 15. mal and Teachers' College the This agency was started for the junior class is studying a typical Observing the 200th anniverpurpose of publishing and dis- sary of the landing of the Luseminating, evangelical books mountain community, to discov- therans in America at Savannah, er the number of regular church Ga., and also the 400th anniverand booklets, Scripture portions, attendants, standards and re- sary of Martin Luther's tran!'la- sources of religious, sodal and tion of the Bible, the Umted and Gospel tracts. economic life, number and type Lutheran Church in America The Association has kept sev- of schools, distribution of wealth en objectives in mind: 1. The salvation of lost souls who as shown by types of homes, and held its biennial session in Saotherwise might never be reached vannah early in November. The with the Gospel. manner of living. The students convention moved to bring about then turn to the school's curric- a union of all Lutheran bodies in 2. To establish young Christians in ulum to see how concretely the the faith and to develop fruitful lives.

America and created a commit- ard of the Indian Bureau, fed- After Sixteen Years ~ee to work out a plan for mergmg. eral policy toward the aboriginal "Mission Folks and Facts," a leaflet on Baptist home mission There are seventeen branches Americans was such that more work, says: In 1918 the Baptist of Lutheranism in the United Home Mission Society sent out States and Canada. Replies to a than 50 per cent of them "ceased its first missionary to Nicaragua. questionnaire sen t to every Beginning with a small group of clergyman of all these branches to be Indians and failed to be- less than fifty believers, he built up a Sunday school, trained show that 89 % favor a merger come whites." The Indian's en- teachers, and opened out-sta- tions. At the same time the into one Lutheran Church. If tire life was organized on a woman's society sent out its first this union should take place, it missionary teacher and founded would form a church of 4,381,- group basis. He could not suc- a primary school. The primary 094 members, with 15,469 con- school has developed into an ingregations. The L u the ran cessfully compete in white soci- stitution embracing all grades Church is now the third largest through high school, and now en- Protestant communion in the ety which is based on the indi- rolls over 400 boys and girls. The country, following closely upon church of 400 members has the Methodists and Baptists. vidual. In half Shaepacredn,tutrhy~ grown to be one of the largest according to Mr. in all Latin America, with a Sun- American Lutherans, with day.school of 425 and an evening Lutherans and evangelicals Indians lost 91,000,000 of the audIence of 600. The pastor is a throughout the world, oppose the native Nicaraguan. A Christian efforts of the German reich- 138,000,000 acres of land in the community has grown up, and skirche to force pastors of Ger- ~rained .l~aders in the ministry, man Evangelical Churches to original allotments. A few, the m medicme and teaching have support a political program at been sent out. the expense of their fidelity to Pueblos among them, which conthe historic confessions of the Church. tinued their communal traditions Large Home Mission Field lost little or none. Under the old In a block comprising all of order, the majority of the red Utah, Nevada, Wyoming, Arizona and New Mexico, and part men saw their own culture deof Colorado, Idaho and California, there is but one Protestant generate and were unable to ac- Christian colI e g e-Westminster, in Salt Lake City. quire that of the white man.

Westminister College has a Hence grew the unfair assumpthreefold task: to maintain a high standard of scholarship in tion that they are lazy and a Christian atmosphere; to provide college courses for Protes- worthless. tant young people in the Mormon are~;. and to offer this type of One of the Bureau's innovatrammg to young Mormons. Ten years of enlarging buildings tions is the training of Indian and equipment, followed by five years of depression, have left a teachers to work among their deficit of $75,000, which the management is now seeking to own tribesmen. secure in a three-year campaign. LATIN AMERICA EUROPE New Chance for the Indian Bitterness Toward Religion Salva..tion Army Work The Government is giving up the attempt to make the Indian A law was passed in Mexico On November 1st a great farea white man. Instead, he is be- two years ago forbidding the well was held in Royal Albert ing encouraged in self-govern- teaching of religion in all Hall, London, for General Edment, in his own native arts and schools, and since then there has ward J. and Mrs. Higgins. The is being provided with modern been a gradual increase in the sanitation and the comforts of rigor of enforcement. Control Duke of York, who acted as civilization. of education and the press is an- chairman, said: other government policy. Since 1887, says Ward Shep- The Salvation Army makes a great The present situation is one of bitterness, suspicion and confu- claim upon the regard not only of sion. An amendment to Article III of the Constitution, which members of the Royal Family but on has been passed by congress but not yet submitted to the states, all sincere and thoughtful people …. I requires that all education shall be socialistic, excluding all reli- believe there is today more mutual gious doctrines. Teachers in pri- vate schools must agree with sympathy and understanding, nation- these requirements. Religious all~ and internationally, and the Sal- corporations, ministers of reli- vatIOn Army, among other religious gion, and societies connected di- rectly or indirectly with the and philanthropic bodies, has had a propaganda of a religious creed, are forbidden to take part in pri- full share in bringing that about. mary, secondary or normal schools, or to give them economic Men of many faiths, some of them support. leading representatives of those faiths It is impossible to foresee the -Angli~an, non-conformist, Catholic, full effect of all this on Protes- tant mission work. Jew, Hmdu, Mohammedan-meet in glad accord to show their apprecia- tion of the retiring general, and thus pay ther tribute to the work of the Salvation Army. .

General Higgins reviewed the widespread activities of the a.rmy, which include the opera- tIon of 89 main hospitals, seven for lepers only; 18 separate col- onies for placing poor families on the land; 120 homes for de- tsheertperdovaisnidonoorfp3h4a,n0e0d0,0c0h0ilmderaeln~' in a year for the hungry poor;

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

139 labor bureaus, and 224 Russia; while the American under the Italian law and coop- workshops; work in 172 slum Christian Committee for Ger- erating with the Foreign Mis- areas in the large cities of the man Refugees, which is endeav- sion Board of the Southern world; the preaching of the Gos- oring under the chairmanship of Convention. The new president pel in nearly 17,000 mission Dr. Cadman to aid in caring for of this Italian Convention is Rev. halls, of which over 6,000 are in the non-Jewish refugees from Ignatius Rivera, pastor of the non-Christian countries; and Germany, is finding great diffi- church in Florence, who finished the direction and control of 45 culty in arousing any general his education in Glasgow, Scot- training colleges for officers. land, and is a well trained realization of the situation. It preacher. The Boys' Brigade is said that one in five of these refugees is a Christian. De- – Watchman-Examiner. In 1883, William A. Smith, a scendants of the Huguenots in Sunday-school superintendent of France have shown, perhaps, the Gipsies in Austria Glasgow, was faced with the problem of holding boys past 11 most concern. Jewish generosity There is still in Europe one years of age with two other men, toward Christian refugees has people who know almost nothing 'and 30 boys, he formed the been remarkable. -Advance. of God, and of His salvation "Boys' Brigade," a movement through Jesus Christ. This is which has spread throughout the Jews Turn to Christ the small nation of gipsies, rov- world. Within three years there ing, despised, often persecuted. were 61 companies in and The Maranos of Portugal are Many who formerly lived in the around Glasgow and later the Hungarian territory known as movement reached such propor- Jews who were forced into Ro- Biirgenland, have now* through tions that Mr. Smith gave up his the Treaty of Versailles, been business to devote all his time to man Catholicism by the Inquisi- transferred to Austria. Thou- the Boys' Brigade, until his sands of them are living in death in 1914. In 1909, King tion. They have retained Jewish closed settlements of miserable Edward made him a knight. mud houses. Isolated settle- customs and forms of prayer, ments are also found in Carin- There are now companies of thia and Upper Austria. To the Brigade in Canada, India, and have kept themselves from bring the Gospel to these gipsies Australia, New Zealand, Africa, is a task undertaken by a lay West Indies, Ceylon, Newfound- intermarriage with Catholics. worker, Walter Miiller, a former land, U. S. A., China, Latvia, student at the Bible School for Denmark, and now in Malaya. Orthodox Jews have been at- southeast Europe in St. Andrae, The object is, "The advancement near Villach. He reports: of Christ's Kingdom among boys tempting to win them back to and the promotion of habits of A gipsy invited me to come to his Obedience, Reverence, Disci- Judaism, but they are unwilling house, telling me that the thirty New pline, Self-Respect and all that Testaments I had forwarded to him tends towards a true Christian to return to a Christless syna- had arrived, and that they had been Manliness," and the motto "Sure reading them till 10 p. m. In that and Stedfast." gogue. So a Hebrew Christian room I found thirty gipsies assem- bled, and I was asked to speak of Relief for Evangelical Alliance of Portugal has been Christ. The gipsies sat with crossed legs on the floor listening devoutly Churches formed by a number of Portu- and eagerly, while the audience stead- ily increased. Thus I found that An important meeting of the guese Christians of Hebrew these despised people are open to the Central Bureau for Relief of the Gospel, and it has been. a joy to me Evangelical Churches of Europe, race,-teachers, ministers and to see their eager response to the now identified with the Ameri- message of Salvation. I am finding can Section of the Universal business men, to bring them into many open doors and many new coun- Christian Council, was held re- try places which up till now have cently under the chairmanship evangelical Christianity. On the been visited by no one with the pur- of Dr. William H. Foulkes. pose of circulating the Word of God. Plans were made for continuing badge of the new organization the important services which An Anti-Christmas Campaign this agency has been rendering are the letters XN. In the six- under the leadership of Dr. According to the New York Adolf Keller in Geneva. As teenth century Maranos, when Times, anti-religious efforts have fast as tthe situation improves so slackened and Christian or- in one European country, new signing official documents, were ganizations are so increasing problems arise in one or two their strength in Russia that the others. Many challenging situ- obliged to append these initial executive committee of the ations confront the churches of League of Militant Atheists have letters with their names. They issued a call for a "Christmas campaign" against religion, to stand for Christao Novo ("New begin November 25 and continue two months. The whole Soviet Christians"), in contradistinc- tion to Christao Vetno ("Old Christians," that is, Roman Catholics) . Mr. Pereira, the vice-president of the new Alli- ance says: "we are not ashamed to own that we are New Chris- tians of Jewish descent who have accepted Christ as Lord and Master." -So S. Times.

Italian Baptists There are in Italy about 3,000 Baptists organized into fifty-one churches and sixty out-stations, under the supervision of South- ern Baptists. Now the Italian National Baptist Convention has been organized with a board of directors legally incorporated

network-the Young Communist Mission, gave some pertinent sionary thinks he is sharpening organization, trade unions, agri- facts about that part of Africa his bush knife on the Lord's Day, cultural advisers, village teach- which are perhaps not generally but finds that the little hut is a ers and the movies, radio, press known. The Sudan is almost as Christian prayer house where and clubs is asked to mobilize to large as Europe, with an esti- the Ndali people hold evening push back the rising tide of wor- mated population of 32,000,000. services. Some people are passship. The northern portion is chiefly ing with hymn books and Testa- Mohammedan, the southern ments. Striking the stones was Reports to the central head- mainly pagan. There are over in imitation of church bells. quarters of the militant atheists 600 distinct tribes. For many indicate that there is some rea- hundred years it was closed to Inside the church were several son for the atheist league's dis- evangelism; now it is practical- little seats, consisting of forked quietude. In many villages not ly open throughout. limbs stuck in the ground and only are there no actively pro- supported in the fork a limb on fessing atheists but Communist Twenty-one missions are at which the people could sit. The party members are winking at work, with 180 stations and 672 speaker had a little stand conthe practice of religion or even missionaries, whereas thirty- sisting of a board resting on engaging in it. Most churches three years ago there was but three sticks of wood and behind that have not been turned into one station in occupation. Only it a firm, little bench. The movie theaters, warehouses, or about 50 per cent of the people church measured only six feet demolished, are f r e que n t I y have been reached so far. Some by twelve and the windows were crowded with worshipers. sixty-three languages have been mere openings in the walls. The reduced to writing sufficiently gardener made a short prayer, AFRICA for some portion of Scripture to the people then revently sang a be issued therein. There is no hymn; the gardener read Luke Covering Large Areas overlapping of missionary effort. 14, with much stuttering, giving his own original explanation. Nearly 30 years ago, Lord -The Life of Faith. He said: Cromer, then High Commissioner for Egypt, invited the C. M. S. Leper Work in Nigeria "The banquet which the King to enter the southern Sudan. In Himself cooked, and offers to us, 1905 the first party went in. The work of the Mission to that is the word which we hear Owing to climatic and other dif- Lepers at Garkida is beginning every day." ficulties all but one of that party to solve the tremendous leprosy had to retire, the present arch- problem in Northen Nigeria, Donald Fraser Hospital deacon who is still at work there. where there are at least 3,000 The C. M. S. has sole responsi- cases. There are 500 under August 16 the Donald Fraser bility for a vast area, compris- treatment at the Garkida colony. Hospital was opened at Sibasa. ing many tribes and tongues, Aid from the Nigerian govern- This event marks a further stage and it is in order to occupy the ment is promised in increasing in the development of the mediwhole territory that the eleven measure; gifts from the Ameri- cal mission established at Gooldstations are spaced about 100 can Mission to Lepers are ville in 1930 by the Church of miles apart. At each station ex- matched by the government. It Scotland. The hospital has been cept the newest, Ler, there is a is hoped that this whole area built and equipped from funds native church growing up. At may be rid of leprosy. raised in South Africa, and is Yei, the growth has attained the the first and only hospital in an proportions of a mass movement. -Without the Camp. area with a population of 150,- During the past year, between 000. At present, there are only 2,000 and 4,000 people have as- Small East Africa Church twelve beds, but it is hoped to sembled monthly for special add an additional ward very gatherings for the deepening of From time to time mention is soon. spiritual life. One of the leaders made of very small houses of here is a young chief from Yam- worship in which the spirit of The appreciation of the native bio, who secured leave of absence God is at work, and where men people was shown by the large frbm his small chieftainship for are led to Christ. European mis- numbers who gathered at Gooldtwo years and volunteered for sion journals give a description ville on the day of the official this service. This young church of a small church in East Africa opening. Early in the morning at Yambio contributes toward which shows under what varied the church was filled with those the work in other sections. circumstances the Spirit of God who had come to give thanks to is at work. Moravian Missions God, and to seek His blessing on -C. M. S. Gleaner. gives us the following account: the new hospital.

In the Sudan Missionary Gemuseus, comIng -South African Outlook.' to a congregation in the little vil- At the World's Evangelical Al- lage of Ndali, East Africa, hears Revival in South Africa liance reunion in London last a clear sound. On approaching, October, Mr. Gilbert Dawson, he finds a gardener crouching Under direction of the Move- Secretary of the Sudan United before a little hut, striking one ment for World Evangelization, stone upon another. The mis- Rev. Lionel B. Fletcher, who has

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

been conducting a six months' ing in some weeks more than understood by all he must exevangelistic campaign in South Africa, reports a spiritual awak- 2,000 people in Beirut and neigh- press himself in no less than ening which amounts to a sweeping revival. He was greatly boring parts of Syria. Last four or five languages – Arabic, pleased to find that converts won during his campaign twelve year's eleven graduates are scat- Turkish, Armenian, Kurdish and years ago have made marked progress in the Christian life. tered in Bulgaria, T u r key, Assyrian.

One man had deliberately com- Greece, Syria, Lebanon, Cyprus A pastor-at-Iarge is greatly pacted to sell himself to the devil, and had actually served the and Palestine. Students conduct needed to cover the entire field devil for sixteen years. By what some people would call coinci- a Sunday service each week at until organized churches can be dence, his saintly parents came from a distant part of Africa to Lebanon Hospital for Mental established. attend one of the evangelistic -Syria News Quarterly. meetings, not dreaming that Diseases, attended by all who are their wayward son, for whom they had prayed through the well enough to be there. It is one years, would be there. Their joy was unbounded as they saw this of the things to which patients New Ideas in Sidon son and his wife walk up and testify that God had saved them. look forward, and seems to bring Teaching in Sidon Girls' solace to their troubled minds. School is not in vain. One class -Life of Faith. studying "Home and Commu- -Syria News Quarterly. Opportunity in Near East American Press Centenary nity" was asked to write on the Dr. Charles R. Watson, Pres- topic: "What Have I the Right ident of the American University at Cairo, says that the Last year the American Press to Expect from My Commudegree to which old ideas in the in Beirut celebrated its hun- nity?" Here is a composite of Near East have yielded to sci- dredth anniversary of Arabic eight papers: ence is almost unbelievable. The changes have affected profound- publication in the city of Beirut. "I have a right to expect from my ly intellectual life, social life and The Press is actually 112 years community safety, clean streets, pure even political life. The auto, the movie, travel to Europe and the old, but the first twelve years water, good roads, electric lights, ice modern newspaper have been were spent in Malta and Smyrna. made from pure water, clean markets, factors in widening the horizon Several hundred million pages of of the rising generation. Educa- meat screened from flies, and the tion is advancing by leaps and religious literature have issued examination of milk and meat. bounds. Feminism is another movement of unusual signifi- "I expect the community to collect cance to lands that have hitherto kept women veiled and secluded. from it in half a dozen different garbage, care for sewage, isolate peo- In Egypt, unlike Turkey, the fez languages, and have been scat- ple who have infectious diseases, and is still worn by men and the veil tered all over the Near East and to punish dirty people; to pass laws by women, but many free social to keep the health of the people in relations between the sexes are even in China, India, South good condition, to open schools so that permitted. Africa and the Americas. the people may be educated, to use the Dr. Watson believes that with money I pay in taxes in the right way. this new day that has dawned To help defray expenses, all comes an opportunity for serv- sorts of commercial printing is "I expect the community to drive ing these people such as Chris- turned out. The present equip- out child labor. I also look for a good tianity has never had before. position and respect for women as WESTERN ASIA ment has been running contin- well as for men. These things will uously for 30 years. cost me a great deal, they will cost me Near East School of Theology courage and ability to work, for it is -Caravan Trails. not enough to see and say, and not to A glance at the field work program of the Near East School do anything. They also cost me time, of Theology indicates that its influence is very extensive, reach- Al Jazireh and this time, energy and money I should save by planning everything at Al J azireh is an island-like home. I should follow the laws of the community, pay my taxes on time and portion of Syria, lying between . be a good example." the two rivers of ancient history -the Euphrates and the Tigris. These ideas were put into Its missionary interest centers practice in a preliminary sani- in five villages, each having a tary survey of Sidon community. small, but earnest group of Under impressive police escort Christians. In Haseecha there groups 'of girls inspected the is a church building, and the men's p r is 0 n, the women's twelve Protestant families are prison, the public bath, the anxious for a school. Am- slaughter house, the meat, vege- moudah is a thriving wheat table and milk markets.

market, seemingly oblivious of When the girls were ready to the depression. The town's present their report they invited most distinguished citizen is a the honorary members of their Protestant. Kamishlie has 81 club, a group of Sidon women, Protestant Christians; they have and a representative of the purchased a site for church and Women's Club in Beirut. With- school. Aleppo station is help- in two weeks the Sidon Women's ing to supply a preacher-teacher. Club came into existence, stat- There are about fifty Protestants ing as its purpose: "The Im- in Ain Diwar, the most hetero- provement of Family and Com- geneous group to be encountered munity Life." Three committees anywhere. If one would be have been organized, the prison

committee, health committee and ing its influence felt in India suIts will be made, and plans outa committee to help the poor. also. Under the influence of lined for future work. INDIA some of the Roman Catholic pre- The initial expense is covered Evangelistic Week in Dornakal lates in India branches of this by a gift received through Dr. The Bishop of Dornakal believes that rural India is ready, league have been formed in cities E. Stanley Jones, whose work as never before, to receive the Gospel. Nearly 12,000 baptized like Calcutta, Madras and Bang- with the higher classes in India Christians were voluntary witness bearers during evangelistic alore. A public meeting was makes him appreciate the possiweek last May in Dornakal diocese. During the campaign held· in Madras under the aus- bilities of reaching in this way in the Kistna area nearly 5,000 people definitely decided to be- pices of the Catholic Social Guild large numbers of educated, but come Christians, and 21,000, of whom 12,000 were caste people, to protest against the unwhole- heart-hungry men who have stated that they wanted to know more about Christ. some cinema films shown in that little direct touch with Chris- -C. M. S. Outlook. city. Protestants and some non- tians.

What About Ceylon? Christians took a prominent A changed viewpoint has be- part in this meeting. In India, . Missionary Coordination come rather prevalent in Ceylon, expressed concretely in a book it is very rarely that Catholics Representatives of ten misby an English professor, "A and Protestants cooperate. sions met in Bombay September Buddhist Pilgrimage." The idea is that when a backward people -The Christian Century. 5 to discuss the question of eshave been lifted by a degree of western civilization they should tablishing a joint business office be left to work out their own des- Appeals for the Colleges in Bombay. The views expressed tiny. All religions are good, but for the Singhalese none is better Advisory committees on Chris- indicate that there will be many than Buddhism. tian higher education in India advantages arising from a joint office. The sale of American The C. M. S. has a large share have been set up in Great Britain in upholding a belief in Christ in and in North America, and in drafts will be facilitated and Ceylon, but there are only 30,000 India a Central Board of Chris- other items of business, par- Christians of the Anglican ticularly those that have to do Church in a population of over tian Higher Education has come with transit and shipping, will 5,000,000. The Anglican Church into existence. The object of has been renamed "The Church these bodies is to see that the be handled much easier from a of Ceylon"; it is the first fruits recommendations of the Lindsay central office. There will also be of 100 years' work. In nearly a a considerable saving in office hundred villages schools are Commission are carried out by staff· and equipment when the staffed with Christian teachers· the colleges, and to help the oran urgent need is that of,keeping ganizations connected with these work of ten or more societies can the faith of these teachers at a colleges to give effect to the be carried on through one office. high level, since even they are in It is recognized that at least two danger of succumbing to the recommendations. An appeal missionaries will be required, axiom "Buddhism for Ceylon." for £130,000 for Indian colleges and possibly a third to make At least a third of the 147 teachers are Christians of ten years' was launched last March; and provision for necessary furstanding, or less. However, in the colleges which are run by loughs. There would be one or many villages there is real prog- American missionary societies more permanent office assistants ress, and a steady flow of those have asked the American Ad- in addition. If this experiment who are "added to the faith." visory Committee to appeal for is made and proves successful, it -C. M. S. Outlook. Rs. 1,500,000 for helping the de- is quite possible that other mis- velopment of colleges like For- sions will wish to share in the Legion of Decency advantages of such a joint. office. man College, Lahore; the Chris- The Legion of Decency started tian College, Allahabad; the -The Indian Witness. in America on the initiative of Christian College, Lucknow; the Roman Catholic bishops is mak- American College, Madura; the CHINA Isabella Thoburn College for Women, Lucknow, and the Chris- New Broadcasting Station tian College, Indore. The largest broadcasting sta- Experiment in Press tion in Asia, and the third Evangelism largest in the world, has recently been opened by the Chinese Gov- Newspaper evangelism, al- ernment in Nanking. A circle ready a tested and successful with its wavelength as a radius means of Christian work in and Nanking as the center in- Japan, is being introduced in cludes Irkutsk, Chita, Delhi, Cal- India. Dr. James E. Manry, of cutta, Burma, Sumatra, New Allahabad, writes that during Guinea and the Caroline Islands. the coming winter it is planned Just what are we likely to hear? to insert articles on Christianity The program from 8: 00 a. m.

in a number of the best Indian till 9: 00 p. m. includes the news dailies, both English and ver- (broadcast in Mandarin spoken nacular. After a four-months' with a South China accent), lec- experiment, a check-up on re- tures and musical numbers.

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

Both Ginling College girls glee from the God of its fathers! It is the literature, and forming personal faith of the Pilgrim Fathers that club and the girls of Methodist made America great." contacts with men and women in Hui Wen High School have pro- the towns and villages in their -The. King's Business. districts. -Chinese Recorder. grams. A Professor of Nanking Theological Seminary has spoken A Model Parish Government Aid for Colleges on the topic "Educational Foun- dations of World Peace." At Pastor Tien Li Kung has made There are encouraging signs the invitation of the Chinese Government, messages from sev- his parish a model for the whole of cooperation between Chriseral Christian institutions are country. This out-of-the-way tian conferences and governbeing sent far and wide. church had been going down hill ment schools. A youth workers' -Woman's Missionary Friend. until only five members were conference, for instance, was held on the campus of the pro- Press Literature Prizes left, but Pastor Tien threw his whole energy into his task and vincial college at Wusih. A Two prizes were offered by the preached for 50 nights in the young people's conference in Presbyterian Chi n a Council, with a view to stimulating the street, organized two day schools Honan was held on the campus production of Chinese Christian and four night classes, all taught of a provincial rural normal literature. One prize of $300 by volunteers. In each of these school. Mutual understanding was awarded to the author of the centers he conducts a weekly best original production of preaching service. Difficulties and appreciation was one result. Christian literature in Chinese This is one aspect of the very published during the year 1934. which fill others with consterna- Another prize of $150 was tion only rouse him to action. cordial relations now existing awarded for the most effective between Christian and other intranslation of Christian litera- Pastor Tien's example has pro- stitutions in China. The Univerture into Chinese published dur- voked both the county normal sity of Nanking has during the ing the year 1934. The name school and the higher boarding "Press Literature Prizes" has last year received more than a been given in recognition of the school to zeal for the under- quarter of a million dollars service rendered by the Presby- privileged. For the first tim~ in (silver) from various public orterian Mission Press. their history they are conductmg ganizations, among them the na- tional government. Yenching -Chinese Recorder. classes for those who cannot read or write. Twice recently University, also, received about students from the latter institu- $60,000 (silver) from the minis- tion have paraded the city ex- try of education.

horting the illiterate to enroll in -The Christian Century. night classes. The results have Oriental Views America been commendable. New Mohammedan State -Christian Advocate. Chinese Turkestan is a poten- A distinguished Chi n e s e Friends' Work Strengthened tially rich land commanding the leader, Mr. Leland Wang, of Honkong, who paid a visit to A real strengthening of the trade routes that connect India, America recently, was educated Russia, Mongolia, Tibet and in three Chinese Naval colleges, Friends' forces in China has China. It has a large Chinese and at the time of his conversion Mohammedan population. Genin 1918 held a high position in been made by the return of five the Chinese Navy. Later, he re- eral Ma has now declared the signed his position to devote his missionaries from furlough, and state independent of China and time to evangelism. He has wit- given it the name of Islamistan nessed to his profession in al- the sending of two new ones. most every province of China, (the realm of Islam). Accordand in other lands as well. Re- Friends in England have made ing to reliable private informaturning from his visit to Amer- tion, "no Christian will be tolica, he has made various obser- this possible. In the two la~ge vations: erated in the State of Islamistan, cities of Szechwan, Chungkmg and Christian refugees are be- "We have traveled over eleven thou- ginning to trickle down through sand miles in three months, besides and Chengtu, each with over taking about one hundred meetings in the Northwest frontier into different places. One of my impres- 5s0ha0~0e00wiinthhaboitthaenrts,chFurrchi eesn ds India." There have been murder, sions of America is that there are too in imprisonment and torture in the many automobiles here. It is a nation on wheels." evangelistic and educational ef- small Christian community, and the reports declare that there With keen spiritual insight, forts. At the city of Chungking, will be exile for all survivors. Mr. Wang views America's real need as well as that of the whole Chinese Friends maintain the This son of an English manu- work unassisted. In Central facturer in London, a convert to Mohammedanism has assumed Szechwan, a large district with the title "King of Islamistan."

Tungchwan as its center, Friends are the only Christian represen- tatives. Further south, there has been a successful year in hospital work at Suining; while in the Tungchwan and Suining districts the workers have de- world, when he says: voted much time to what one of Inaccessible Turkestan them terms "old fashioned evan- "How sad it is to see this country, gelical work," h?ldin~ m~eti~gs, About the most inaccessible which puts the inscription 'In God preaching, teachmg, dlstrlbutmg spot in the world is that strip of We Trust' on its dollar, departing

territory stretching along the Pan-Pacific Buddhist has appointed pastor F. L. Ching northern side of Tibet through Conference and his wife to open work in which runs the age-long caravan A Pan-Pacific Buddhist Con- these islands. They are the first route from the Mediterranean ference was held in Kyoto last missionaries to enter this field. to the Pacific. Last year a com- July, attended by nearly 700 del- The prevailing religion among pany of six young men under the the island tribes is a mixture of egates representing Buddhism Mohammedanism and animism. direction of a veteran mission- all over the world. A message -The Evangelical Christian. ary entered the territory via the was sent to the Conference by Gobi Desert on two motor trucks. Mr. Gandhi, from which the fol- Jubilee in Malaysia One of the group writes of the lowing is taken: way this large, unevangelized It is impossible for Hindu India to- Malaya Methodists celebrate district is being reached. this month the fiftieth anniver- day to retrace her steps and go be- sary of the opening of the work On Sundays we hold services in our guest room, singing simple hymns and hind the great reformation that Gau- in Malaysia by William F. Oldgiving out gospel message to those tama effected in Hinduism. By his immense sacrifice, by his great re- who come. Quite a number of men nunciation and by the immaculate ham, now Bishop, who is planand school boys have come to listen, purity of his life he left an indelible ning to be present with Mrs. and a goodly number of people, both impress upon Hinduism, and Hinduold and young, just stroll in to see ism owes an eternal debt of gratitude Oldham. They will be guests of what is going on, attracted usually by to that great teacher. . . . .. Wherever the conference. Miss Sophie the sound of my little organ. We have the Budha went, he was followed by Blackmore, who opened the had many visitors from the various Woman's Foreign Missionary peoples that live here–dhinese, Tun- and surrounded not by non-Hindus gans, Turki, and others – and have but by Hindus who were saturated Society work in 1887, comes had opportunities to talk with them from Australia as guest of the about the things of God. . with the Hindu law. But the Bud- As there are many sick and suffer- dha's teaching, like his heart, was alling people here without proper medical aid, the traveling missionary expanding and all-embracing, and so Woman's Foreign Missionary always carries his medicine case, as it has survived his own body and Society. Bishop Badley will rep- swept across the face Qf the earth. resent the Board of Bishops. well as Bibles, gospels and tracts. Buddha never rejected Hinduism but Thus we have found it helpful to do he broadened its base. He gave it a A pageant entitled "The Morna little dispensary work for two hours new life and a new interpretation. every morning. During the last month Gautama was a Hindu of Hindus. ing Light," prepared by Mrs. E. or so we have seen some three hundred sick people, and have been able -The Christian Century. F. Lee, will be presented in Victo relieve much suffering. We hope toria Hall, Singapore. The hisin this way to show forth something ISLANDS OF THE PACIFIC tory is given in a book entitled Religious Education Library Malaya Rejoices.

-The Christian Advocate.

of the love of God in Christ, and win In response to an appeal made Fijian Friends the confidence of the people. by Secretary Enrique C. Sob- repefia of the Philippine Com- It seems to be characteristic of -Moody Bible Institute the Fijians that when a new Monthly. mittee of Christian Education JAPAN -CHOSEN that the Philippine Islands be thing takes their fancy they put made one of the religious educa- amazing enthusiasm into it. The Professor Becomes Evangelist tion library centers, one hundred observance of Mothers' Day is choice books on religious educa- one instance; children do all the Here is a bit of early Chris- tion have been shipped to Manila work on that day to give their by the World's Sunday School mothers a rest. Sons send gifts, tianity in modern Japan. Mr. Association. These books will Suzuki, formerly teacher of form the nucleus of a circulating and students go home for the Physics in the Imperial Univer- library for use by religious edu- week end. Fijian women have cators in the Philippines and in linked up with the rest of the sity, has taken up a small farm Malaysia. in a mountainous region of world in the celebration of the northwest Japan, and built for Advance in Dutch East Indies Women's World Day of Prayer, himself a home from which, as a West Borneo, South Sumatra and attach tremendous imporbase, he engages in evangelism. and the 200 islands lying be- tance to it. They conduct their tween, a field comprising from He was once an agnostic, but his seven to eight million people, meetings in a fine, devotional contacts with the Omi Mission brought him to Christ. He fin- spirit. -The Missionary Review ished his scientific studies and (Australia). then mastered Greek and Hebrew in order to search the must be classed as unreached Scriptures in the original. Even- territory. These islands are in" WHY DO YOU GO?

tually, he felt called to give his habited by Chinese and Malay- Some go to church just for a walk, whole time to Christian work, speaking people in a proportion Some go there just to laugh and talk, and chose.this remote and unat- of about fifty-fifty. The Chinese Some go there the time to spend, Foreign Missionary U n ion, Some go there to meet a friend, tractive region. He has an as- Some go there for speculation, sembly hall in his own house which has seven Chinese mis- Some go there for observation, where he holds meetings and sionaries working in pioneer Some go there to doze and nod, Sunday school. -So S. Times. areas of the Dutch East Indies, Some–how few-to worship God.

'~I================I'~

1 Our Missionary Bookshelf j Books Briefly Reviewed for the Readers' Information ~,=====–==============~=,~ The Living Religions of the Indian carried on its great work result- able. The pages, too, show an ing from Stanley's call and the enthusiastic admiration for People. By Nicol Macnicol. Pp. beginnings by Hannington and China. The illustrations are Mackay. The book is a careful vivid and most attractively done. 323, 10 shillings, 6 pence. The study of the social and economic No child can read the book with- structure of the Baganda people out coming away with a warm Southern Christian Movement Press, as affected by European in- appreciation of the Chinese and fluences which have pressed in with something of a knowledge London, 1934. upon them. The writer is sym- of the sweep of Chinese history pathetic with the ethical prin- -and it is to be hoped with a The six chapters of this book ciples of Christianity and in the desire to know more. In what main with its social influence. appears to be its primary purwere presented in connection He thinks that missionary effort pose the book has been very suc- "would be infinitely more val- cessful. with the Wilde Lectureship in uable if its emphasis was trans- ferred from its present objects It is, however, easy for the Natural and Comparative Reli- to the advocacy of ethical ideals." To him it is conceivable that specialist to criticize a book of gions at the University of Ox- "ideals of altruism in which the this kind. Obviously it is writ- strength of Christianity has al- ten by one with no particularly ford (1932-34). They deal with ways lain might come to be re- garded as not necessarily insep- expert knowledge of China. The Hinduism, India Islam, J ainism, arable from a code of sexual morality which no European so- literature on which the book is the religions of the Sikhs and the ciety has in fact ever followed." based is good but does not in- clude enough modern works on Parsees, and with Indian Chris- In other words, he thinks that history to incorporate the re- Christian missions should lay sults of the best recent scholartianity. They are a temperate less emphasis on theology and be ship. The author apparently satisfied with their social and knows nothing of the fascinatand restrained study both of the moral influence, with an adapta- ing glimpses which within the tion of moral ideals to the old past two or three decades archrehistorical background and of the African social organization. The ology has given of the begin- evidence is complete that west- nings of Chinese culture, and present situation in the case of ern civilization is going to mod- still narrates simply the time- ify radically the life of the honored story of early monarchs each of the religions of India. African people whether for good who at best are probably only or for evil. The problem for myths. Lao Tzu is spoken of as They represent an attitude of Christian missions is as to how an historical personage, and no much they can contribute to the doubt seems to have troubled the great fairness, not to say of change for good and how little author's mind concerning his au- to the change for evil. thorship of the Tao Te Ching. tenderness, in dealing with the S 0 m e noteworthy characters ROBERT E. SPEER. who might well have been made non-Christian religions of India, very attractive, such as Wang The Pageant of Chine.s,e History. By Mang, Wang An-shih, and Chu but there is no question with Dr. Elizabeth Seeger. Illustrated by Hsi, are not even mentioned. Bernard Watkins. New York, Long- The romanization is frequently Macnicol as to the place of mans, Greene and Company, 1934. Pp. xvii, 386. $3.00. of the type which is not in ac- Christ and no equation of Him cord with the most generally ac- The author has avowedly writ- cepted usage. Moreover, the with any other. Dr. Macnicol is, ten for children, and most de- modern period is dealt with en- lightfully she has done it. The tirely too sketchily to introduce of course, thoroughly equipped style is vivid and eminently read- even children in any adequate fashion to the stirring events of with knowledge and understand- ing for his task and this is a good book like others which he has written. There is a slight slip in the footnote on page 160 in placing Kerbela in Persia in- stead of in Iraq. R. E. S.

An African People in the Twentieth Century. By L. P. Mair. Pp. 300, 12s., 6d. George Routledge & Sons, London. 1934.

This thesis, by a lecturer in Colonial Administration in the London School of Economics, is "A study of the influence of European civilization on the structure of African society and of the practical lessons to be learned in the shaping of colonial policy."

The people studied are the Baganda of East Central Africa -the people among whom the Church Missionary Society has Any of the books noted in these columns will be sent by the REVIEW publishers on receipt of price.

r 47]

the late decades or to an under- A History of Religion. By Herbert observe the distinction between standing of the China of to-day. H. Gowen. 8vo. 698 pp. $3.50. facts and the author's opinions. Nor does the author seem to Morehouse Publishing Co. Mil- Noone can prudently challenge know much about missions; the waukee. 1934. the authority of the professor of only mention of them in the nine- history in Harvard University teenth and twentieth centuries is Dr. Gowen, Professor of Ori- when he makes statements of by way of semi-disparagement. ental Studies in the University fact, but his opinions are in a of Washington, and the author more debatable category. For It is, therefore, a pity that a of several volumes on the sub- example, the fact that Mark bebook which in many ways is ex- ject, writes as an historian lieved that Jesus claimed to be cellent should not before going rather than as a theologian or the Son of Man is coupled with to press have been perused by missionary but his viewpoint is the opinion: "I do not think that experts and so have been able to avowedly Christian. His pur- Jesus can have meant Himself" avoid some of the defects which pose is to trace God's purpose (pp. 42-43). Anyone with the now are obvious. and method of leading men from New Testament in his hands can darkness to light and from judge of that. K. S. LATOURETTE. death to life. The untranslated quotations do not tend to make There is much in the book that A Bosporus Adventure. Istanbul the book suited to popular use. is fine but throughout the Bible (Constantinople) Woman's College, and Jesus (the term Christ is 1871-1924. By Mary Mills Patrick, Dr. Gowen begins with primi- avoided) are discussed from a Stanford University Press, 1934. tive religion, discusses ancient thoroughly rationalistic view- Pp. 284. Price, $2.25. and modern religions, and closes point. He frankly declares: "I with an attempt to look into the do not believe in the existence of Here is the story of a great future. He finds some difficulty any creator, and when I use the adventure in education for the in defining religion; "Man's word God, I mean the totality of womanhood of the Near East by faith in an ideal beyond him- values, not a person or a personal the president emeritus of Istan- self" is too broad a definition being" (p. 85). The reader is bul Woman's College. Dr. Pat- for it would include those who told that "Paul's teaching difrick went to Constantinople as a have no religion. The same ob- fered seriously from the teachteacher in 1875, four years after jection holds with regard to the ing of Jesus" (p. 75), and that the founding of the school. She author's treatment of Judaism the Christianity which will surretired in 1924. During this pe- and other religions, which he de- vive is neither St. Paul's teachriod the college grew from a scribes as "designed to prepare ing about Jesus, nor that of any girl's school of forty pupils to an men's minds for the dawning of one else, not even of Jesus himinstitution with several hundred a new spiritual day." If this self, but that which is freshly students, in modern buildings was the design, all except the evoked in each generation by the and on a campus of seventy Hebrew religion have failed to spirit which animated Jesus and acres. fulfil their purpose. He accepts Paul in theirs." We wonder the historicity of the Old and whether the students who heard The story is told in accordance New Testament but does not these lectures realized that what with the periods of Turkish rule, seem to recognize the Old Testa- they were getting as "modern before and after the Revolution. ment as a special divine revela- scholarship" was simply old in- Conditions under the reaction- tion to prepare the way for fidelity in a new dress. ary Sultan Abdul Hamid and un- Christ. He accepts Christ as dider the new republic are strong- vine Lord and Saviour but does ARTHUR J. BROWN. ly contrasted. The aut h 0 r not pronounce on such matters sketches the dark days of op- as virgin birth, the miracles and Ein Christ auf den Strasen der Welt. pression, the struggle for free- the resurrection. Das Leben des Dr. John R. Mott. dom, and the atmosphere of old By Basil Mathews. Herausgegeben Turkey as the background for The book has an immense von Professor Julius Richter (Berthe new day in modern Turkey, amount of information on the lin). Berlin: 1m Furche-Verlag. which she believes is one of the different r e Ii g ion s and is Price, R. M. 4,80. Pp. 347. most progressive of republics. adapted to discerning students She pays tribute to the noble rather than to the general read- Dr. Mott and his world-wide women who were her colleagues er. There are numerous refer- circle of friends are to be conon the field, and not less those ences to source material. gratulated on t his excellent who contributed of their substance so liberally for the build- translation of his life-story through the indefatigable pen of ing of the College and its endow- Paul, His Heritage and Legacy. By Prof. Julius Richter of Berlin. ment. We are surprised that Kirsopp Lake. The Mary Flexner there is almost no reference to Lectures on the Humanities at Bryn Islam, until recently the state Mawr College. 153 pp. $2.00. Ox- The original work by Ba'sil ford University Press, New York. Mathews was reviewed at length religion of Turkey.

An excellent bibliography, a This is not a biography of in this Magazine. It will suffice list of publications by the Amer- Paul but a general discussion of therefore to note that the trans- ican members of the faculty, and Jewish and Gentile Christianity, lation is unabridged, except for a good index add to the value of with Paul viewed as a "bridge" the omission of the maps and il- the book. S. M. ZWEMER. between them. Readers need to lustrations. S. M. ZWEMER.

and the Cosmos. By Theodore Missionary Facts from W orId Fields. Apolo, the Apostle to the

Graebner. pp. 352. $3.00. Wil- 18 pp. 15 cents. Baptist Board of Wm. J. W. Roome. 95 pp. 1s. liam B. Erdman Pub. Co., Grand Education. New York. Marshall, Morgan & Scott. London. Rapids, Michigan. 1934. The Omi Brotherhood in Japan. Wm. Church and State in Latin America: This author, a professor of Merrell Vories. Illus. 180 pp. A History of Politico-Ecclesiastical $1.00. Omi Brotherhood. Omi- Relations. J. Lloyd Mecham. 550 plIilosophy in the Concordia Hachiman, Japan. pp. $4.50. University Press. Chapel Hill, N. C. Theological Seminary in St. The Responsibility of Success. W. Wilson Cash. 92 pp. 1s. C. M. S. Shintoism: The Indigenous Religion Louis, calls his book "a critical London. of Japan. A. C. Underwood. 126 pp. 2s. 6d. Epworth Press. Lonanalysis of atheism." This is a The Re-Discovery of the Spirit. Wm. don. Owen Carver. 160 pp. $1.50. Retrue characterization. The vol- vell. New York. Zoroastrianism. J. W. Waterhouse. 134 pp. 28. 6d. Epworth Press. ume is a cogent and vigorous Something Happened. Mildred Cable London. and Francesca French. $2.00. 320 and, to the unprepossessed mind, pp. C. I. M. Philadelphia. Jesus Christ and Primitive Need: A Missionary Study in the Chrisa convincing statement of the in- Southern Baptists in the Great Ad- tian Message. C. P. Groves. 260 venture. T. B. Ray. $1.25. 201 pp. pp. 6s. Epworth Press. London. validity of any theory of life and Baptist Sunday School Board. Nashville. Problems of the Pacific, 1933. Prothe world based on materialism, ceedings of the 5th Conference of Stories of Hymns We Love. Cecilia the Institute of Pacific Relations. mechanism or atheism. There is M. Rudin. $1.00. 50 pp. John Edited by Bruno Lasker and W. L. Rudin & Co. Chicago. Holland. 490 pp. $5.00. Universa great wealth of quotation from ity Press. Chicago. Stories of Indian Saints. The Late an immense mass of reading and Justin E. Abbott. Rs. 3. 500 pp. Personal Items United Theological College of Westthe material is presented so ern India. Poona, India. (Concluded from page 1.) clearly and simply that any Peace by Revolution: An Interpreta- in January to conduct meetings under tion of Mexico. Frank Tannen- the auspices of the Inter-Varsity Stuthoughtful person can follow the baum. Illus. 317 pp. $3.50. Co- dent Christian Fellowship. lumbia University Press. New argument. There are some ty- York. *** pographical errors which should Sixty Years of Service on Behalf of Dr. Ju Sam Ryang, general super- Lepers and Their Children. 94 pp. intendent of the Korea Methodist be corrected in another edition. Mission to Lepers. London. Church since 1930, has been reelected for a second term of four years. Dr. It would be well if the authori- A History of the Church in Vene- Ryang is a graduate of Vanderbilt zuela-1810-1930. Mary Watters. and Yale Universities. ties quoted were more fully 260 pp. $3.00. University Press. Chapel Hill, N. C. *** dated as some of them also are Rebel Destiny: Among the Bush Ne- Rev. John W. Nichols, D.D., was perhaps outdistanced and sev- groes of Dutch Guiana. Melville J. consecrated Suffragan Bishop of and Frances S. Herskovitz. Illus. Shanghai, November 1st. eral authorities still living are 366 pp. $3.00. McGraw-Hill. New York and London. •*• quoted in terms to which they Malekula: A Vanishing People in Sir Wilfred Grenfell, who is nearmight justly take exception. But the New Hebrides. A. Bernard ing three score years and ten, plans to Deacon. Illus. 789. 42s. Rout- retire from active work in Labrador no such mass of material as this ledge. London. and Newfoundland but will continue to promote the work for people to could be assembled without some The World Wide Church-1934-5. whom he has devoted his life by help- 130 pp. 1s. Church House, Press ing promote the work of the Internaqualification, and the book can and Publications Boards. London. tional Grenfell Association. He has 1934. been for more than forty years a big be heartily recommended as a Christian brother to the people of The Case for Missions in Modern Labrador and the Newfoundland coast. straight out, plain spoken, well India. E. C. Dewick. 25 pp. 3 as. Palghat Mission. Palghat, South informed statement of a positive India.

Christian view of God and the Africa and the Making of Books: Being a Survey of Africa's Need of world. R. E. S. Literature. Margaret Wrong. 56 pp. 6d. International Committee New Books on Christian Literature for Africa. Obituary Notes Donald Fraser of Livingstonia. By China's First Preacher, Liang A-Fa, (Concluded from 2d cover.) Agnes R. Fraser. 7s. 6d. Hodder 1789-1855. G. H. McNeur. Illus. & Stoughton. London. 128 pp. Mex. $1.50. Kwang Hsueh The Archbishop of Rupert's Land, Pub. House. Shanghai. Jesus Christ and Primitive Need. By Rt. Rev. I. O. Stringer, D.D., died Charles Pelham Groves. 6s. Ep- Builders of the Indian Church. worth Press. London. Stephen Neill. 159 pp. 3s. 6d. suddenly in Winnipeg, Manitoba, on Hodder & Stoughton. London. Das Buch Der Deutschen Weltmis- his way to take part in a parish meet- sionen. Julius Richter. Illus. 332 Sadhu Sundar Singh: A Personal Mem- pp. Leopold Klotz. Gotha. oir. C. F. Andrews. 256 pp. 3s. ing. Since 1892, Bishop Stringer had 6d. Hodder & Stoughton. London. China's Problems and Their Solution. ministered to dwellers in the Arctic Wang Ching Wei. $2.50. China Aggrey the African Teacher. Wm. J. United Press. Shanghai. W. Roome. 94 pp. 1s. Marshall, wastes. *• * Morgan & Scott. London. Christianity Tested. Oscar Macmil- Dr. Marcus C. Mason, a retired lan Buck. 255 pp. $2. Abingdon Press. New York. pioneer missionary to Assam, died in The Daughter of Abd Salam. Flor- East Aurora, N. Y., October 15, 1934. ence Mary Fitch. Reprint. Illus. For fifty years he worked among the 75 pp. $1.50. Bruce Humphries. Boston. savage tribes of the Garo Hills. His Ein Christ Auf Den Strassen Der first task was to reduce the Garo lan- Welt-Dr. John R. Mott. Basil Matthews. 348 pp. Rm. 4.80. guage to writing, and it is due to him Furche-Verlag. Berlin. and to Dr. E. G. Phillips that the The Faiths of Mankind. William Pa- Garos have the Bible in their own ton. Second Edition. 156 pp. 2s. 6d. S. C. M. P. London. vernacular. THE MOSLEM WORLD SAMUEL M. ZWEMER, Editor SOME ARTICLES IN THE JANUARY NUMBER: Unitarianism and the Gospel …………………………… Archbishop of York The Study of the Koran Text ……….•……………………… Arthur Jeffery Does the Bible Speak of Mohammed? ………………………. James Robson A Baha'i Pontiff in the Making ………………..•………… Albert E. Suthers AI Madina: Arabic or Aramaic ….•…….•…..•………….. Eric F. F. Bishop Moslems in the United States ……••.•….••..••…………•… G. H. Bousquet Christianity and Islam in Lanao ……..•..•.•.•…………….. Frank C. Laubach To Whom Will Ye Liken God? ……………………….. Laurence E. Browne A Moslem Shrine in Buda . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . " …….. Ladislaus Draskoay The Moslem Doctrine of Revelation ……………………………"Orientalist"

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I DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Editor CONTENTS January, 1930 Paye FRONTISPIECE-DELEGATES TO THE HAVANA CONGRESS. 5 A. THOUGHT FOR THE NEW YEAR •.•.•…….•……….. NOTABLE EVENTS OF 1929 .•..••……….•…•..•…….. , ……… . (l CONDITIONS IN THE NEAR EAST ………••…•••..•……•……… Robf.wt E. Speer 7 OUTSTANDING EVENTS OF 1929 FROM THE VUHVPOI.'lT Ol.' 'l'f[E l.'TERXJ,TIOYAL .MISSIONARY COUNCIl• . • • • • • • • • . . . • . • . • . . • • • . • • . • • . . • . . . . . . – _ . . . . . . . . . • . . A. L. Warnshuis ~) SIGNIl?ICANT EVENTS DI AMERICAN BO.-1RO MTSSIO:!';S • . . . . . . . . . • • . . . • . • . • • • • • . . . • . • • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . lVaUam R. Strong nnd Ern cst W. Riggs 11 l10VEMEN'fS IN JAPAN AND CHOSE:S •••.•••••.••••••.•…•.•••.••• • John R. Edwards 13 A NEW PLAN IN THE METHODIST EPISCOPAl, CHl:RCII HorTH •.••••••••• W. W. Pinson 14 MORAVIAN AlrSSION IN NICAItAGUA Paul • . • • . • • • . • • . . • • . • • 0.00 ••••••••• deSchwei1dtz 15 U. Smith 16 PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH IN THE S . . " " , E g b e r t lV, 0 0 • • • • • 0 0 0 • • 0 • • 0 • • 0 • • • • • REFORMED CHURCH IN 'l'HE Ul'IOITED STATF.S 4Ucn. •••.••••••. 0 ••••••• R. BftJrthoZomew 17 BAPTIST If'OREIGN MISSION SOCIETY .Joseph • • • • • • • • • • • 0 •• 0 •• 000 •••••• , . 0 O. RQ-bbins 18 WOMAN'S B;PTIST FOREIGN MISS[O)l SOCIE'fY 0,' 0 •••••••••••••••• Minll·ie V. Sandbern 20 REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA ••••••..•••. , . , ' , . " . , . 0 • , •• lVilUam Io Oham1)erlain 21 WORI{ OF THE HOME MISSIONS COUNCIL ••••••••••••••. 0 •••••••••• • 1VUUam R. King 28 HOME M ISSIONARY -VORK OD' P}R~EXSTHEY~'lR'EHI)U~A N ' YOl ltE N ..•…. 0 •Fl, P•IS• CMOP..K.Ia~. t herine B enne tt 24 HOME M ISSIONS AN D CHU RCH IN TH E M m'fnODIST CHURC H •••• • : . . . . • . . . • . • • . . •• . • • . . • . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Jay S. Stowell 25 MISSIONS O~"' THE PRESBYTERIAN CTIL'RCII IN THE D. S. A. Al[(l~G THE MORMONS ..•••. •.•. ••……..•• . •. ….. .'.V.O.~..l.A.N.'.S . …… . , " ., .. , … , .Andrew J. M011tgomery 20 SIXTIETH ANNIVERSARY OF THE FoREIGN 27 CHURCH … _.. _…………….. _… _….. l[rSSIOSARY SOCIETY OF aT.HaE. M. E. Peale _.. _………….. Mr•.

BAPTIST HOllIE MISSION SOCIETY ………. . …… ahar!es L. White 29 THE CHRIST OF TIlE AMERICAN ROAD _… _…. _…………… _ahar/c. L. Goodel! 31 SOME OBSERVATIONS ON CHRISTIAN WORK IN ALASIC~ …… Herbert Bo<>th Smith 35 ……….. – – – – _Otis Oary 4~ THE FIRST MISSIONARY TO SAIL FHO:lr AMERICA PROPOSED UNION IN SOU~'I1 INDIA… . ….. . A,-thul' J. Brow" 43 LIVING BEYOND SPIRITUAl, INCO~[E …………………… . . Danie! J. Fleming 45 DEATH OF ~!RS. A. F. SeJIAUIOFJ,ER …. ___ .. _……… _… _………… _…….. 46 TOPICS OF TIm TIMES ………… . ………………………. – ……… , 48 EDITOR'S VISIT TO ASIA. "'l'HE BEST MISS[ON 8Tl'OY BOOI(S." SCOPE Ol!' MOlHtlRN ~"'OREIGN MISSIONS.

METHODS FOR WORli:J<:mS •……………………… EDIT"D BY MRS. F. 1. JOHXSO," 51 WOMAN'S FORJlJIGN MISSION BULI,E~'IN ……..•…… EDITED BY Fr.ORE"CE G. TYLER 56 WOMAN'S nOME MISSION BULLE'rT~ . . . . . . . . . 0 ••• 0 .EorrED pY Ii"'r.ORENC:Fl E. QeINf,AN 59 WORLD-WIDE OUTI,OOK …….•………………………………………….. 62 BOOKS WORTH READING …………..•.•……….••……………………… 78 TERMS: $2.50 a year. ($2.00 in clubs of five.) Foreign postage, 50 cents. Single copies, 25 cents. published monthly. Copyrighted, 1928, by MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING COMPANY, INC. All rights reserved.

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ROBERT E. SPEER, President WJtL I~ CHAMBERr.AIN, Vice-President DELAVAN L. 'PrERSON, 8ecretQJry Publication omc., 3d & Reily Sts., Harrisburg, WALTER McDOUGALL, Treasurer Pa. 25c a copy. $2.50 a year. Editorial and Business Office, 156 Fifth Avenue, New York City Entered as second-cIa•• matter at the Post Of1;ce, Harrisburf', Pa., under Act of Marcb 3. lR79. OBITUARY NEW BOOKS MR. FRANK M. BROCKMAN, for 20 years Western Money and the Chinese Church. Frank Rawlinson. 71 pp. 25c. Presthe senior secretary of the Y. M. C. A. byterian Missionary Press. Shanghai. in Korea died June lOth, at Princeton, 1929.

N. J. His work in Korea was conspic- Burning Beauty. Temple Bailey. $2. uous in his ability to hold the confidence 318 pp. Penn Pub. Co. Philadelphia.' 1929. of both Japanese and Koreans during The Church at Work. Clarence H. Bentense political antagonism. son. 155 pp. $1.25. Bible Institute of Los Angeles. 1929. • .. * The Drama of Christianity. S. L. Morris. THE REV. EDWARD BAXTER RILEY, a 147 pp. Presbyterian Committee of Publication. Richmond. 1929. worker for 27 years of the London Mis- The Lesson Round Table. Sunday-school sionary Society in Papua, died recently lessons for 1930. Edited by Richard D. Dodge. 359 pp. $1.25. Cokesbury in Australia. His book, "Among Papuan Press. Nashville. 1929. Head Hunters," is a valuable study in Making a New China. No Yong Park. folk lore. * .. 308 pp. $2.50. Stratford Press. Bos- ton. 1929. THE REV. FRANKLIN PIERCE LAWYER, Posture and Hygiene of the Feet. Philip Methodist missionary in Mexico for 28 Lewin. 47 pp. 30 cents. Funk & Wagnalls. New York. 1929. years, died at Inglewood, Cal., October The Story of Musa. Mary Entwistle. 84 4th. .. * .. pp. $1. Friendship Press. New York. 1929. JAMES CLARENCE OGDEN, of Tibet, died Eugene Stock: A Biographical Study. August 28th, at Hollywood, California. Georgina A. GoIlock. 193 pp. 3s. 6d. Church Missionary Society. London. Mr. Ogden joined the Sheltons in Tibet 1929.

in 1905. **~ Unpaid Ministry. James S. Mather. 24 pp. 25 cents. "Robert" Press. Co- PERSONALS lombo. 1929.

THE REV. CHARLES W. ABEL, of Kwato, Where East Meets West in China.. Char- New Guinea, arrived in New York in lotte Bacon. 96 pp. 2s. Sd. Marshall, November to spend several months in Morgan and Scott. London. 1929. America. He went to Papua 35 years ago, and was associated with James Chalmers who was killed by cannibals.

* ..

THE REV. JOHN RITCHIE, after 23 years of strenuous missionary service in Lima, Peru, has accepted an appointment in New York on the Committee of Co- operation in Lati..n A•me*rica.

MR. FRANK A. HORNE has been chosen COMING EVENTS to head the new Layman's Advisory Council of the Federal Council of .. . .. Churches of Christ in America.

THE REV. A. H. McKINNEY, D.D., vet- January 8-10-HoME MISSIONS CoUNCIL eran superintendent of the New York AND COUNCIL OF WOMEN FOR HOME City Mission Society, retired at the end of the year, and was succeeded by THE MISSIONS, Atlantic City, N. J. January 11-14-FEDERATION OF WOMAN'S REV. WILLIAM R. JALLIFFE, who was BOARDS OF FOREIGN MISSIONS, Atcalled from an associate pastorate of the lantic City, N. J. . Madison Avenue Presbyterian Church, .. New York.. . January 14-17-FOREIGN MISSIONS CON- FERENCE, Atlantic City, N. J.

THE REV. ROBERT M. HOPKINS, D.D., January 14-17-CONFERENCE ON THE a General Secretary of the World's Sun- CAUSE AND CURE OF WAR, Washday-school Association, is in the Orient in conference with the leaders of Sunday- ington, D. C. school Associations of Japan, Korea, January 19-26-T E NTH ANNIVERSARY CONVENTION OF OHIO CoUNCIL OF China, and the Philippines. CHURCHES, <!olumbus, Ohio. .. * .. February 20-23-CONFERENCE OF MED- ICAL MISSIONARIES, Clifton Springs, THE REV. P. W. PHILPOTT, D.D., pastor of the Church of the Open Door, Los N. Y. Angeles, CaL, has accepted the presi- February 25-27-NATIONAL STUDY CONdency of the Africa Inland Mission, to succeed the late Dr. R. A. Torrey. FERENCE ON THE CHURCHES AND WORLD PEACE, Evanston, III.

March 7-WORLD DAY OF PRAYER.

LIII, No.1 January

THOUGHTS FOR THE NEW YEAR W E MAY well begin the New Year in the spirit of the 126th Psalm: Thanksgiving for the past-"The Lord hath done great things for us whereof we are glad." There have doubtless been disappointments, failures, perhaps illness or bereavement; but let us think of our blessings. They have been many, far more than we have deserved. "He hath not dealt with us after our sins, nor re- warded us according to our iniquities."

Prayer for the future-"Turn again our captivity, 0 Lord, as the streams in the South," our captivity to sin, to fear, to doubt, to worldliness. Let us pray for deliverance, a fuller consecration, an outpouring of the Spirit of God upon the Church and the world.

Never was it more needed than now.

Assurance for the future-"They that sow in tears shall reap in joy; he that goeth forth and weepeth, bearing precious seed, shall doubtless come again with rejoicing, bringing his sheaves with him." Therefore the Christian worker may labor on, even though in pain and tears, but with confident faith that his labor will not be in vain.

So let every faithful follower of Christ face the New Year in the spirit of St. Paul's exhortation to his beloved Philippians: "In nothing be anxious; but in everything by prayer and supplication with thanksgiving let your requests be made known unto God.

And the peace of God, which passeth all understanding, shall guard your hearts and your thoughts in Christ Jesus."

Freedom from anxiety and the peace of God! What richer blessings can the child of God desire? That every reader of this REVIEW may have them is the New Year's wish of the Editor..

And then let us hear again the Master's call to service: "Fol- low thou me"; "As my Father hath sent me, even so send I you" ; "All power is given unto me in heaven and in earth"; "Go ye therefore, and teach all nations …… And, 10, I am with you alway, even unto the end of the world." A. J. B.

5

EVENTS OF

T HE closing year was one of money expended on church build- special interest in missionary ings. Meantime, unprecedented work both at home and sums are being poured out on eduabroad. Large and significant cational institutions in America. movements that were already The United States Bureau of Eduunder way received additional im- cation reports increased assets of petus, and some new movements colleges and universities from onedeveloped. In the varied work of third of a billion in 1900 to two and the churches amid the conflicting one-third billions in 1926. The ancurrents of our modern life, it is nual budget of.a single university not surprising that the record in- in New York exceeds by thirty per cludes lights and shadows. cent the budget of the largest Board of Foreign Missions which Disquieting Conditions has under its care six colleges and universities besides 101 middle and At home, there are some dis- high schools, 2,040 primary and quieting conditions. It is true that intermediate schools, an extensive many denominations report in- evangelistic and medical work, and creased memberships, some of part of the cost of maintaining 58 them having received the largest union universities and other instinumber on confession in their his- tutions. tory. The Federal Council Handbook of the Churches reports a Religion in Colleges church membership in the United States of fifty millions and increas- There are also disconcerting reing at the rate of a million a year. ports regarding the religious teach- Church property is worth four ings and spiritual conditions in millions, and the churches con- colleges and universities, and fears tribute annually $200,000,000, half are expressed that the interest of of which is given to benevolences. young people in the activities of Larger and better churches have the churches is not encouraging. been erected, or are in process of In these circumstances, Christian erection, than in any previous men and women are betaking year. More money for new church themselves to special intercession buildings has been raised in the for a fresh outpouring of the Spirit last five years than in the preceding of God. Many of the boards of fifty years. A few boards, too, have home and foreign missions are conreported increased contributions. ducting more carefully planned campaigns than ever before. A Surveys, however, of eleven de- great volume of prayer is being nominations by Charles H. Fahs offered, and faith is strong that the and Charles Stelzle show that con- tide of spiritual life will soon turn tributi'ons in many denominations in a more favorable way. But have been steadily falling off since there never has been a time when the peak year of 1921, and that it was more urgent that the followwhere there has been advance, it ers of Christ should renew their has not been commensurate with own spiritual life and reconsecrate the increase in membership and no- themselves to His service. where near the increase in the 6 Conditions Abroad precipitating difficult problems in Abroad, missionaries in some some fields, particularly in China, fields have seen but little visible is nevertheless a wholesome eviadvance as the result of their la- dence of vitality. Better far a resbors. There have been, as our tive and ambitious church than an Lord' foretold, "wars and rumors of apathetic one. Schools and hoswars ….famines and earthquakes pitals in many fields are crowded. in divers places, tribulation, and Evangelism is receiving greater many false prophets." But the fol- emphasis. Revivals are in proglowers of Christ have been cheered niss in several fields. Opportuniby remembering that our Lord also ties beckon on every hand. We no said: "See that ye be not troubled," longer need to pray, as our foreand that instead of making the fathers did, for the opening of tumult in the world a reason for inaction, He made it a renewed doors to the non-Christian world. challenge to preach "this Gospel They are wide open today, and or the Kingdom in the whole what we need to pray for is that the home churches may be given a world." wider outlook and a clearer under- But in spite of obstacles, on the standing of their duty to give the ·,vhole the year was one of sub- Gospel of Christ to all men.

stantial progress. Large accessions In order that our readers may are reported. The native churches have more detailed information, are taking more active part in the we invited several missionary lead- conduct and maintenance of Chris- ers to indicate the outstanding tian work and institutions. A events of the year from their re- healthier tone is being manifested. spective viewpoints. Their mes- The spirit of independence, while sages follow. A. J. B.

CONDITIONS IN THE NEAR EAST BY DR. ROBERT E. SPEER Committee on Coupera.tion in the Near East ; LL the missionary forces of the looking for ways in which they can support and more fully cooperate f i Near East are correlated with the agencies on the field in the Near East in these regards. now for mutual conference The drawing together of these and for a large measure of common Eastern peoples and the Western action in the Near East Christian peoples as a result of the war, the Council and with them are asso- contacts of the churches, east and ciated the Evangelical churches. west, in the Faith and Order and The Council is reaching out afresh the Life and Work movements and also to the old Eastern Churches the good will won by the wide minseeking to support the living reli- istry of the Near East Relief have gious elements in these churches helped to produce a new situation and to draw all real Christians to- of opportunity for service, an opgether in a new effort to rid Chris- portunity not free from peril and tianity of its age-old reproach to requiring wise counsel in order the Moslem mind, and to win the that only good may be done and Moslems to Christ.

The Western Churches also are

that none of the gains of a century ever come together in Persia at of work may be imperilled. Christian meetings, have assem- Meanwhile political conditions bled to hear the direct preaching have undergone no change for the of the Gospel and have listened better in the direction of real reli- with attention and response.

gious liberty. In Egypt the free- The overturnings in Afghan- dom of Moslem women to become istan have not as yet opened the Christians has been challenged and country to missionary occupation.

for the time being denied. In Irak Missionaries are waiting on three the government has invaded the sides, west and south and east, to guarantee of the mandate with the press in whenever the doors open.

open rebuke of the Mandates Com- Meanwhile thousands of Afghans mission of the League of Nations come for medical treatment to Pa- but without amendment of its sharvar and Meshed and back course of action. In Syria the man- home with some portion of the Bi- datory power has forbidden the re- ble in their packs and some word turn to Damascus of an efficient of the Gospel in their minds and Danish missionary who was work- hearts.

ing for MOSllems. In Turkey no The most tragic recent event in Christian teaching is allowed in the Near East, however, has been, mission schools and Islam is dises- of course, the troubles in Palestine.

tablished as the state religion and Foolish and ill-advised actions of religious liberty is declared but it small consequence touched off this is liberty only to hold one's own explosion but back of it are deeper religion, not for a Moslem to moral and economic and religious change and become a Christian, causes. The Jewish population is and the government schools in the a small minority of the land. It is lower grades provide courses of re- supported by a heavy annual influx ligious instruction in which Islam of money from the Zionist organ- is taught as the true and the only izations abroad. The Arabs see national religion. their dominance steadily en- The set against religion is croached upon and are unready or strongest in Russia and perhaps incompetent to meet new competi- weakest in Persia. The Soviet tion by an awakened life and the Government is deliberately seeking acceptance of modern conditions.

to extirpate religion. It is atheiz- Two wholly incongruous groups ing its schools and establishing are thrown together under circum- avowed anti-religious universities. stances rendering friction inevita- And it is curtailing and constrict- ble. Long and grave troubles are ing the scanty rights of religious ahead which, still, can be moderated freedom which have survived. In if wise leaders can be found who Persia, on the contrary, the gov- will apply in Palestine the methods ernment seems to be satisfied with of the Inter-Racial Commissions in the continued work of the mission America. But what has made these schools with larger freedom than commissions so successful in ad- is allowed by Moslem authorities justing relations between black and anywhere else, and as yet there has white in America is the common been no interference with medical Christianity of their members. If or evangelistic work. In Zenjan that were only possible in 'Palestine larger Moslem audiences than have today!

From the Viewpoint of the Inte1"national Missionary Council BY THE REV. A. L. WARNSHUIS, D.D. Secretary T HE work of the International missions in Africa. Mr. Paton Missionary Council, enlarged visited India and the Near East. and reorganized at its meet- Dr. Warnshuis has served the ing in Jerusalem in 1928, has been North American forces and has in developed and strengthened by the a large measure been responsible Chairman, Dr. John R. Mott, who, for maintaining the organization since the autumn of 1928, is giving work of the Council. his whole time to its service. The first half of the year 1929, Dr. The Williamstown meeting of the Mott spent in Asia. He partici- Committee of the Council was a pated in an enlarged meeting of noteworthy event of the Council's the National Christian Council in year. It was attended by delegates Madras, India; assisted in organ- coming from twenty-two countries, izing a National Christian Council elected by seventeen national conin Siam, and in reorganizing a Na- stituent bodies of the Council in tional Christian Council in the accordance with its revised consti- Philippine Islands. He shared in a tution. The principal business of series of regional conferences in the meeting was the adoption' of China which culminated in the plans to carry out the program and meeting of the National Christian recommendations of the Jerusalem Council in Hangchow where that COjlncil Meeting. The chairman's Council was reorganized to become tour, the visits of the secretaries, directly representative of the Chi- and correspondence from all parts nese churches. In Japan he at- of the world furnish evidence that tended the National C h r i s t ian the Jerusalem Meeting is influ- Council. In all of these countries encing in many ways the policies he met with various other groups and plans of churches and missions and conferences and made personal everywhere. The reading of the inquiries with reference to the different aspects of the Christian Williamstown minutes,* to which Mission. A summary of the impressions and recommendations re- reference must be made for fuller sulting from this visit is printed in information, will show how the the minutes of the Williamstown Council is trying to make its work meeting of the Committee of the helpfully effective along many lines, in the presentation of the Council. Christian Message, in religious The secretaries of the Council education, in relations between the younger and older churches, in the have each in their respective safeguarding of religious liberty spheres sought to serve the mis- and in overcoming other political sionary cause by bringing the far- difficulties, in the development of flung forces into closer relation- Christian literature, in research in ships that thus they may strength- *Copies of these minutes may be obtained en each other. Mr. Oldham has by application to the Secretary's office of the rendered special service to all the Int~rnati(lnal :Missionary Conncil, 419 Fourth Avenue, New York City. Price 15 cents per copy.

9

social and industrial problems, in China, he made a study of mission the organization of educational work there. His expert advice en- commissions to India and to Japan, riched the Jerusalem Meeting.

in rural missions, and in various During the past winter he went on other matters. .Through all of a special mission to South Africa these extensive and comprehensive from which he only recently re- efforts, it is most noteworthy to ob- turned. He has now gone to India serve a marked strengthening of where he will spend the greater evangelistic purpose and activity. part of this year. After that, the • For that we thank God, and take International Missionary Council fresh courage. is planning for him to spend most In this enlargement of coopera- of the year of 1930-31 in China.

tive missionary work, the appoint- The purpose of this appointment ment of a third secretary, which is principally to study the need of was confirmed by the Jerusalem the rural communities from the Meeting, has made it possible for Christian point of view, to study Mr. Oldham to devote the major and evaluate the outstanding pieces part of his time to the problems of of rural work, and to help the Africa. A'plan for much more ef- Christian workers in India to de- fective cooperation in that con- velop a comprehensive constructive tinent has been outlined. With the program for the rural areas.

assistance of Miss Gibson in this The limitations of space prevent work and also of Miss Margaret any detailed reference to the plans Wrong, who is just beginning her of the Council in the development secretaryship of the new Interna- of carefully organized studies with tional Committee for Christlan regard to the financial support of Literature in Africa, it may be ex- missionary work and of the grow- pected that in the course of a few ing younger churches, of the mass years, missionary work in that movements in India, of freedom of great continent will more success- religious instruction, and 'of other fully meet the changing life of urgently pressing problems of the Africa and, with the blessing of world-wide work of the churches.

God, make it more Christian. Nor is there room here to tell of A significant development of the the inspiring. news that comes into Council's work may be seen in the the offices of the Council of the appointment of Dr. Kenyon L. But- great forward movements that are terfield as Counsellor on Rural a call to Christian believers every- Missions. Dr. Butterfield is known where to be more faithful in prayer as one of the foremost leaders in and more sacrificingly devoted in America in movements for the up- service. The churches in Japan are lift of country life, and has been united in a Kingdom of God Cam- the president for twenty-five years paign, the sorely harassed Chris- of two great state colleges of agri- tians of China are advancing in a culture. He has always been Five-Years' Movement, the evan- deeply interested in foreign mis- gelicals in Latin America are sions and for many years has been awakening to more united efforts, a vice-president of the American and all parts of Africa ask for Board of Commissioners for For- Christian leadership. For what is eign Missions. As a member of the Christian Church iIi North the Educational Commission to America waiting?

EVENTS IN

BOARD MISSIONS BY THE REV. WILLIAM E. STRONG, D.D., AND THE REV. ERNEST W. RIGGS, Secretaries I N THIS year 1929, the West al conduct of the Christian move- Africa Mission of the Ameri- ment are now distinctly under can Board in Angola is the field control of nationals: where the increase in discipleship Evidence is increasing that the has been most notable. Men and Turkish Government is sincerely women have been coming by hun- and progressively trying to build dreds to confess Christ and to seek a modern state. It is not hostile to admission to the church. The mis- Western ideas or agencies if they sionaries, pastors and church Iead- recognize Turkey's sovereignty and ers are overwhelmed with the task are calculated to cooperate with of training. The fact that the mis- Turkish aims. The year has seen sion is to celebrate its jubilee year many favorable actions of the gov- in 1930 enhances the joy over this ernment toward missionaries, as token of success. educators, doctors and personal The Madura Mission of the workers. There is a growing ap- American Board has had a special proachableness and spirit of in- committee this year studying the quiry on the part of the Turks, condition and needs of work for both men and women, adults and women in its area. It was felt that young people. Conditions are not efforts to reach girls and women uniform in all places or among all and to train them for Christian in- officials but the attitude is on the fluence in home and in community whole promising.

were insufficient. The inquiry has On April 1, 1929, announcement shown that the numbers of girls was made of a new law granting being educated in the mission suffrage to women. It was an- schools is disproportionately small. nounced that they would not only Plans are being formed to meet be permitted to vote but that they this situation and to stress more also could hold office. This fol- effectively the Christian culture of lowed the general attempt in the the womanhood of the land. early months of the year to teach The large North China field of everyone the new letters. Women the American Board has made gathered together in classes for changes this year in organization this purpose, and in the homes, which give increasing responsibil- shops and streets adults struggled ity and control to the Chinese with the new learning. One of our Church. The care and use of what missionaries estimates that during has been mission property (save the first four months of the new missionary residences) are put in year the number of literates among the hands of the governing board women increased by fifty per cent.

now called the Promotional Board American mission schools for girls of the churches, which is predomi- have correspondingly increased in nantly a Chinese body. The lines popularity and influence.

of work, oversight of churches, In May, 1929, the Turkish De- headship of institutions and gener- partment of Education for the first 11

time sent a student to study in the have been issued and it has been United States. He is a graduate made perfectly clear that our help of one of the missionary colleges along the line of practical arts and in Turkey and is to secure his doc- home economics is welcome. An torate in philosophy. This is sug- individual attempt to prevent pugestive of the idealism which pils from entering one of the mis- Turkey seeks in this country. sion schools last September was met by public protests not only to Another contact with America the local school authorities but to came through· the extended visit the Ministry of Education at Anmade by the Minister of Health to gora. At Adana the city council the United States during the late awarded a prize to the pupils of spring and summer. He came as the mission school for their orderly the guest of the Rockefeller Foun- conduct, their neatness and their unique exhibition at the time of a public celebration in the city.

In other lines than education our missionaries are finding their way slowly but surely. Playgrounds are crowded with eager youngsters learning discipline for the body.

Two missionary doctors have been added to the medical force in Tur- key and find hearty cooperation from the government. A family magazine being published jointly 'l'URKEY LEARNDW THE NEW ALPHABET by Americans and Turks in Con- stantinople is receiving broad recdation to study our systems of pub- ognition and has already probably lic health and hospitalization. In the largest sale of any magazine in a letter to one of the secretaries of the country. While not religious the American Board he says: "I in a technical sense it is clean and am anxious to cooperate and main- wholesome reflecting Christian tain our friendly relations with ideals throughout. your institutions in all that is necessary to facilitate the work in my Sometimes the missionaries in country." Turkey are criticized for doing so much for and with the Turks when In these and many other ways the chance to preach Christ by increasing confidence in American word of mouth is still limited. idealism is being demonstrated and There is true reason in this. To American schools and hospitals re- use the words of Dr. Watson, Presceive increasing tokens of friend- ident of Cairo University: "Alliness. During the year several most every religious term and new permits for missionary schools adjective bears a false meaning. Our supreme problem is religious and moral reality. . . . .. There is no effective way of getting our meaning across apart from ac- tion."

IN JAPAN AND

BY THE REV. JOHN R. EDWARDS, D.D.

Secretary, ~Methodist Episcopal Ohurch I N CONSIDERING the religious tion. Korea is a nation of farm- movements of 1929 in Japan ers, and a survey conducted two there seems to be only one- years ago brought out the terrible "The Million Souls for Christ Move- economic needs of the peasants.

ment." Originally this came from Even before this survey, some of the daring vision of a genuine mod- the mission boards were sending ern prophet, Toyohiko Kagawa. For out men having special training years he has been doing social in methods of rural church work, Christian work among the sub- and some missionaries were ex- merged classes of Japan's great perimenting with improved agri- centers, and through those years cultural equipment. About a year his emphasis has been upon ago, the National Young Men's changed lives which lead to Christian Association sent out changed conditions. He conceived Mr. Francis O. Clark, an expert the idea of securing a "million along these lines, whose task is to friends of Jesus," and the dream secure the cooperation of inter- captured the hearts of Christian ested missionaries in a nation-wide Japan so that the churches have effort to raise the economic level rallied to the slogan and the man. of the country people. Better ag- The National Christian Council, ricultural methods, improved seed, the directing agency for the fed- cooperative marketing, and similar erated churches, is backing the subjects are the means used.

movement, and evangelistically The Mission has completed the minded leaders from all denomi- plan begun by Bishop Welch in apnations are throwing themselves pointing Koreans to every official into carrying the dream into real- post in the church. All thirteen ity. The boldness and Christian district superintendents are now adventure inherent in a plan to Koreans. Missionary appointments reach a million people for Christ are only to evangelistic work. through the agency of the comparatively few Christians now ac- The General Conference has aptive are dominating the minds and proved the following statement: hearts of professing Christians. The year is proving an inspiring The supreme and controlling aim of Foreign Missions is to make the Lord one. Jesus Christ known to all men as their Korea presents problems and Divine Saviour, to persuade them to become his disciples, and to gather movements all her own. Although these disciples into Christian churches owned and administered by Japan, which shall be, under God, self-propa- the people, their needs and their gating, self-supporting, and self-gov- reactions are very different from erning; to cooperate so long as those of the Island Empire. necessary with these churches in the The outstanding effort of an in- evangelizing of their respective coun- terdenominational nature is cer- tries, and to bring to bear on all hu- tainly the emphasis being placed man life the spirit and principles of upon work for the rural popula- Christ.

13

A NEW PLAN IN THE

EPISCOPAL CHURCH SOUTH BY THE REV. W. W. PINSON, D.D.

T HE one outstanding depar- couraging. At the above rate about ture of the Mission Board in fifty per cent of the Board's total this quadrennium is in its cul- income was from this source, show- tivation and finance. It is a step ing how important it is.

towards putting the missionary The cultivation has been equally budget on a voluntary basis, and successful. In addition to millions was taken because of the practical of pieces of campaign literature, a impossibility of maintaining the book'for study has been issued and work through participation in a circulated each year. These books budget shared by all the benevolent have been prepared by the secre- boards of the church. It was found taries and have dealt with the im- that $1,000,000 must be secured by portant phases of the missionary some means outside this general situation. The remarkable sale of budget. This must provide for a these books is one of the most hope- church-wide appeal on the merits ful features of the movement. The of the cause, for a voluntary offer- first year 72,000 were sold, in 1928, ing that would express the interest 108,166; in 1929, 110,335.

of the people, and for adequate So far as I know, critics of this cultivation, through which the plan have no adequate substitute facts and needs might be made to offer. It scarcely need be said known. there are critics. It may be that at The General Conference of 1926 the General Conference, which authorized the inauguration of a meets in May, 1930, there will be plan by which the Board was to an attempt to repeal the action au- have free access to the churches thorizing the plan. If so, the alter- during January and February of natives proposed will no doubt be each year. All avenues of approach that the board withdraw from the were left open for such methods of Budget of Apportionment to the CUltivation as the board might various benevolent interests and adopt, with privilege of asking for rely alone on voluntary offerings, a voluntary offering with a million or that it seek a vast increase in its dollars as a goal. share in that budget, and rely on This plan is yet in its experi- the income from that source. The mental stage, but the results have latter is impracticable, and would been gratifying. It has saved the cripple the Board almost fatally.

. day for the Board in this difficult The first, with all risks involved, period, and the secretaries look up- would have the advantage of put- on it as the ,bright hope for the ting the cause on the conscience of future. Only two full years have the Church. It is there at last that elapsed since the inauguration of the cause of missions rests. Of all the plan. The first year the income causes it depends on the love and from this source was $787,933. loyalty of the people. Spontaneity The second it was $653,405. For rather than constraint is charac- the year 1929 the prospect is en- teristic of missions.

14

MISSION IN

BY THE REV. PAUL DE SCHWEINITZ, D.D.

Prc.'fident of the Moravian Rocictv T HE largest mission field While some of these chapels are under the care of the Foreign doubtless primitive they testify to Missionary Society of the the value the Indians place upon Moravian Church in America is in the Gospel of salvation through Nicaragua among the Creoles, Mis- J esus Christ~ which they have rekito and Sumu .Indians, not among ceived through the Mission. the Spanish-speaking Caucasians. This mission is eighty years old, so After the inauguration of the naturally there is a large body of new President of Nicaragua, he Christians of even the second and invited Bishop Grossmann to visit third generations; but there are him, and Major Utley of the United still thousands of unevangeIized States Marine Corps sent the Indians in Nicaragua and Hon- Bishop from the East to the West duras, and· each year reports a Coast to Managua by aeroplane, large number of adult baptisms. thus enabling him to make the The net increase last year was 361. journey in a few hours, which The total number of baptized con- otherwise would have been a hazverts actually enrolled is 12,410, ardous and painful journey of besides a larger number of ad- weeks. The interview was folherents. lowed by results very favorable to the Mission. The work was greatly hindered during the years of the revolution- The settlement of the long ary fighting, as several of the sta- boundary controversy between tions were in the war zone, but the Nicaragua and Honduras threw work went forward. In his recent several Moravian Mission stations report, the superintendent, Bishop into Honduranian territory, and Guido Grossmann, wrote: "In when the Moravian missionaries spite of all drawbacks and hard- sought to visit their Indian conships, nine new church buildings verts they met with strenuous ophave been erected and dedicated position from local commandantes. during the year. Each one has So Bishop Grossmann paid an been built by the people themselves, official visit to the President of who have displayed much interest Honduras with happy results. in their labor. This is especially true of the church at Bilwas In this mission field the Mo- Karma. It is a fine, well-con- ravians have 13 stations, 25 outstructed edifice, which would call stations and 16 preaching places, forth favorable comment any- served by 24 foreign missionaries, where, and is an ornament to the by five ordained native ministers Wangks River. With the excep- and their wives, 65 native evantion of the hardware, everything gelists and assistants and 265 nais of native production. The tive helpers. There is a large field timber was grown and cut in the open here and the only serious obvicinity." stacle to great advance is the lack of men and means. For these we seek and earnestly pray.

15

CHURCH IN THE U. S

BY THE REV. EGBERT W. SMITH, D.D., Secretary T HE special effort made by Bible teachers are trained, is not our Church in 1928, reaching usually crowded because educated an average foreign mission natives cari make five or ten times gift of $3.74 per member, has been more money in the service of the followed this year by a falling off Congo Commercial Companies than in receipts compelling us to "go in the ministry. But President softly." Our nine missions in Crane writes: Africa, China, Japan, Korea, Mex- As for the Bible-school, we are overico, and South America, are this run with students, over 200 men and 150 year, in accordance with the instructions of our Executive Com- women, We have not gone out of our mittee, making a thorough restudy way to get these students. But we have been literally besieged with applications for entrance.

and reappraisal of all their policies From Brazil and Mexico come and methods with a view to the similar reports, while in China the elimination' of what experience has recent upheaval is now seen to proved inadequate and the secur- have been God's plowshare uping of the utmost efficiency and turning that hard soil for a mighty fruitfulness along aU lines of mis- harvest. A new openness to the Gospel is everywhere evident. One sionary endeavor. missionary writes of seventy-one Following our General Assem- coming for examination at a single preaching point. Says another: bly's initiative, our Committee is urging aU our missionaries to make Where I expected to find the usual this year memorable for evan- dozen or so coming up for membership, gelistic effort, stressing the Sa- I found 150. viour's last command, "Go ye and make disciples." Already the year Writes another: is notable for the spiritual awakening evident in nearly all our mis- We have a crowd every time we open the church.

sion fields. From Japan comes Says another: this official report: In two days' visiting in the country district, I found in several places whole Never before was there a time when families destroying their household idols the people seemed so anxious to hear the and declaring their faith in Jesus. Gospel, many coming to our doors inquiring the Way of Life. Another writes of 400 inquiries From Korea one of our mission- in his field and adds: aries writes: In many places I preached to crowds Last Saturday and Sunday the Chris- in the streets. In one place three of us tians had to sit or stand out side the preached to a crowd of over 150 till we building which was filled and jammed were exhausted. After three hours, the with non-Christians, as Mr. Kim people still stood and wanted to hear preached the good news to aching hearts. more. The Chinese evangelist told me he frequently had similar experiences. The From Africa comes the news people seem open to the Gospel as never that all our schools are full and before, many realizing that there is no . hope for China except in the Gospel.

turning away applicants for lack Each quotation is from a differ- of room. Our Bible School, where ent Station, showing how wide- native evangelists and women spread is the awakening.

16 STATES BY THE REV. ALLEN R. BARTHOLOMEW, D.D., Secretary T HE past year has been one of Seven of our missionaries are unusual surprises and emer- in the United Mission in Mesopo- gencies in our three missions tamia. Evangelistic work is reach- -Japan, China and Mesopotamia. ing out into new areas. Two book- The workers abroad have given shops have been opened, one in anew to the supporters at home an Hillah and the other in Mosul. example of the Christian spirit The American School for Boys at which makes men strong in trial Baghdad has among its 400 stu- and challenges a greater trust in dents 14 nationalities and 16 re- the God of love. ligious sects. It is known as "a Special services were held in little League of Nations." A board- March and September at Sendai, ing department was opened in a in honor of the Fiftieth Anniver- building erected on rented ground. sary of the founding of the Japan The Bible has been faithfully Mission. There has been a gratify- studied in all the classes. There ing increase in the number of self- were 18 graduates-four Moslems, supporting churches. Many· stu- two Armenians, one Assyrian, four dents in our institutions have ac- Chaldeans, and six Jews. The cepted Christ. A gift of $50,000 Girls' School at Baghdad has had by a noble woman, the largest ever a good year, enrolling 115 pupils. given, for the new North Japan College Chapel, was a happy sur- By action of the General Synod, prise. Five new missionaries have the Board is to serve as the agency been added to the Mission. of the Church for the relief of our sister churches in Europe, co- Doors which had been closed for operating with the Central Bureau two years were reopened upon at Geneva, Switzerland. much of the work in the China Mission. A brighter day is dawn- The finances of the Board have ing. New Year's Day, 1929, saw been in a more encouraging con- 15 of our missionaries again on dItion than in former years. Care the field, and nine others have re- is being exercised in keeping the turned during the year and were expenses within the income. warmly welcomed by the Chinese. The new educational policy under The number of Japanese who the direction of the Church of emigrate each year is steadily in- creasing. Of the more than 120,- Christ in China was introduced. 000 that will leave this year, Brazil will get the largest quota, ten thou- United school work is being done sand. Other favored places are the at Changsha and Wuchang. The Philippines, Peru, Central Amerevangelistic work has gained a new ica, and the islands of the South Seas. Specially organized corporafervor. One missionary predicts tions in Japan help these colonizers that the next five years will wit- to their new homes. To Manchuria ness a large ingathering among and Korea, the Japanese, because the Miao tribes in West Hunan. of climatic conditions, dislike to go.

17 3

FOREIGN MISSION

BY THE REV. JOSEPH C. ROBBINS, D.D., Foreign Secretary BURMA, with its abounding murderer and a bandit chief. He natural resources, lying, as it came under the influence of Judson does, between India and at Moulmein, and in May, 1828, China, is one of the richest and he was baptized by George Dana most strategically located prov- Boardman, at Tavoy. He became a inces of the Indian Empire. Great veritable apostle to the Karens, changes are now taking place. winning thousands to Christianity. There is everywhere evident an in- There are now nearly 200,000 tense nationalism, marked by an Christian Karens in Burma. Last increased interest in politics and year, a deputation from America, education, and by a renaissance of with 2,000 people of the different Buddhism. The demand for politi- races from all parts of Burma, cal separation from India is prac- gathered at Tavoy to celebrate the tically una.nimous on the part of centenary of the baptism of this the Burmans, who claim that his- first Karen convert. At a continuatorically, racially, geographically, tion of the Centenary Celebration economically, and religiously there in Rangoon, the Governor of the is no justification for the existing Province, Sir Charles Innes, said: political connection with India. In- This is a great day for the Chris- tian Karen community of Burma. dia is Aryan, Burma is Mongolian; Christianity among the Karens is no longer dependent for its life on in- India is Hindu and Mohammedan, spiration from outside. It has taken Burma is one of the great Bud- root and draws a great part of its sustenance from the Karens themdhist countries of the world. Final- selves. Karen churches are to a large . extent self-supporting and self-govern- Iy, B urma completely separated ing. The work is carried on largely IS through the Karens themselves ….. . Christianity has proved a powerful from India by almost impassible lever for raising the moral as well as mountains and by the Bay of Ben- gal. Burma, with a population of thirteen million people, thinks she has a just case in urging political separation from India.

The peoples of Burma are also the material condition of the Karens. With them education goes hand in manifesting today a g row i n g hand with religion. Where there is a .knowledge and appreciation of the church, usually there is also a school, life and teachings of Jesus. From and some of the schools I have seen a missionary viewpoint, the out- have surprised me by the excellence of standing event of the past year was their buildings, and the thoroughness the Ko Tha Byu Karen Centenary of their equipment. The more so be- Celebration. Adoniram Judson, pi- cause the Karens are not usually rich, oneer missionary to Burma, had and money has frequently been sub- been in Burma a number of years scribed at considerable personal sacri- before he knew there was such a fiee. A community which is ready .lInd willing to spend money on its schools people as the Karens, a wild, jun- needs have no fears for the future, gle race that lived in the mountains and I have no doubt that the Karens of the Province. Ko Tha Byu, the are destined to play an increasingly first Karen convert, had been a important part in the life of Burma.

18 An interesting recent develop- intensified by the work of the semiment in missionary work in Burma nary and college evangelistic bands, is the remarkable response of the led by. missionary Dyer. Burma Kachins, one of the wild races of had a delegation of forty young northern Burma, to the Christian men and women at the Quadrenmessage. This race is definitely nial All India Student Conference moving from its old traditions and in Madras in December, 1928. A animistic religion into a new day Burma student evangelistic band of education and Christianity. The has recently crossed the Bay of three organized groups of Kachins Bengal and held evangelistic meet- -the Namkham Association, the ings in some of the mission schools Myitkyina Association, and. the of India. Bhamo Association-have each petitioned for additional missionaries Adoniram and Ann Hasseltine to take advantage of the present Judson lived six years in Burma response of these people to Chris- before they won their first convert. tianity. The Kachins themselves That lone believer of 1819 has now are taking a large initiative in seIf- become a multitude. The Bible has support and in evangelistic and ed- been translated into most of the ucational work for their tribe. languages of Burma, and there are now planted in all parts of the There is today a new spirit of Province strong churches of misevangelism manifest among the sionary passion and evangelistic Christians of all the peoples of Bur- zeal that are a prophecy of the day ma, and this spirit has been greatly when Burma will be won to Christ.

JUDSON COLLEGE, BURMA SOCIETY BY MISS MINNIE V. SANDBERG, Foreign Secretary A SIGNIFICANT event of the bodies and the opening of a new past year was the laying of one, at the same time developing , the cornerstone of the Ad- Moanza and Leopoldville as regu- ministration Building and of the lar stations.

Woman's Building of Judson Col- This year has also marked the lege, the only Christian college in sixtieth anniversary of the Girls'

Burma. The College has a faculty School at Dngole, South India.

of 32 Americans, Burmans, and In- Soon after Dr. Clough arrived in dians, and a student body of 278. Dngole, his wife Harriet opened a With the completion of the build- primary school on the veranda of ings, at a cost of a million dollars, her home, with only six pupils in on the new site at Kokine, the Col- attendance. This was the first lege will have a complete material girls' school in a region of about equipment. 7,000 square miles and among more The cornerstone of the new than a million people. Education Woman's Hall was laid by Lady for women was then a thing quite Innes, wife of the Governor of unknown. During the past year Burma. The building will provide the enrolment was 336, with 200 a home for the 75 young women living in the boarding home. There who are students at Judson Col- has been a constant effort to mini.

lege, two of whom are doing grad- mize the difference between life in uate work for their Master's a little village and in a big station Degrees. like Dngole. To this end, simple Fifty years of Christian effort in projects suited to Indian life are Congo called a number of visitors carried out. Hygiene and domes- from America to celebrate the J u- tic science are related to the home bilee of Christian missions in that life in the boarding department land. Following this meeting the and work with the hands has an missionaries of the Baptist Boards important place. Gardening, spin- in the Congo met for conference at ning, weaving plain cloth, net-mak- Sona Bata. After two years of ing, rope-making, book-binding and study a comprehensive plan for poultry-keeping, all have their part the development of the work of the in the daily life of the school. All mission was adopted. This pro- the cooking and housekeeping are gram calls for the reorganization done by the girls. Food supplies of the work in the turning over of are sold to the cottages by a com- two stations to other Christian mittee of the older girls.

Eternal Goodness, grant us to walk before Thee in the glory of a lighted mind, serving our fellows with hands skillful and love-anointed. Dwell within us with the spirit of power and the deep peace of a triumphant hope; then we shall serve Thee in fruitfulness and joy. And when the day is done, and our work is ended, and the night falls, may the dimness of our evening be the dawn of Thy eternal morning. In His name, Amen.

-JOSEPH FORT NEWTON.

20

CHURCH IN

BY THE REV. WILLIAM I. CHAMBERLAIN, PH.D., Secretary D EVELOPMENTS d uri n g the Church have become more 1929 in the Amoy Mission, acute and are being studied mutu- the oldest of the Reformed ally and with harmonious results.

Church in America, have been The Arcot Mission in India is characterized by great uncertainty looking forward with keen inter- because of undisciplined troops est and elaborate preparation to coming from without the area of the commemoration of the comple- the Mission and, through Commu- tion of seventy-five years, in Janu- nistic propaganda, so disturbing ary, 1930. The emphasis is being conditions that the only wise course placed upon the enlargement of the seemed to be for all missionaries of Christian community and Church inland stations to remove tempora- through earnest, persistent evan- rHy to the port city of Amoy. This gelism, in the hope that at least brought about interruption, not 3,000 members will be added to the only to evangelistic work, but also Church as the Jubilee offering of to medical and educational work, the Mission, thus raising the Chris- particularly the latter, since there tian community to a membership is a fresh insistence upon the gov- of 25,000. Encouraging progress ernment "recognition" of schools to this end has been made during upon the basis of omitting religious the year. The financial objective is exercises and Bible instruction the raising of Rs. 75,000, repre- from the curriculum. For the pres- senting Rs. 1,000 for each year in ent the schools continue under a the history of the Mission. This modified status, having freedom of fund has been raised primarily by management and conduct, but the voluntary contribution of one without the status of government month's salary from each mission- "recognition." No special disabili- ary, catechist and teacher, and by ties seem thus far to be attached to contributions in kind from the vil- this modified procedure. These may lage Christians.

develop later. A Deputation from the Board From its earliest history, mis- will be present at the JUbilee Ex- sionaries of the Reformed Church ercises, and will also visit the in South China have promoted the other mission fields of the Church.

organization of a united church as- The Japan Mission, concentrat- sociating themselves with the mis- ing upon the Island of Kyushu in sionaries and Christians of the the south of the Empire, is length- English Presbyterian and London ening its cords and strengthening Missionary Societies in the same its stakes in the field of village area. The momentum of seventy evangelization. A new and effec- years in the life of the United tive organization has been formed Church of South Fukien has aided for the cooperation of Japanese in the recent organization of the and missionaries in the promotion United Church of Christ in China. and direction of this united effort.

By this larger union the problems The major achievement of last of the relationship of Missions and year was the reconstruction of 21

Ferris Seminary, Yokohama, which year that the persistent Christian was destroyed by the earthquake testimony of our missionaries is of September, 1923. The comple- having its effect in the conversion tion of the main building, bearing of individual Mohammedans. There the memorial name of Miss Kuy- is a readiness not only to listen to per, the principal, who lost her life the story of Christ but to regard in the earthquake, and its dedica- Him as a unique Teacher in the tion in June, 1929, occasioned great spiritual realm. There is less tendrejoicing. The cooperation of pu- ency to compare Him with the pils and parents, the alumnre and Prophet Mohammed, with conse- Government officials, political and quent antagonism, and a larger educational, has been remarkable. willingness to consider Jesus Christ as a true interpreter of God. Another major achievement in which the Reformed Church Mis- The building of the Jubilee sion has participated has been the Girls' School in Basrah and the notable advancement toward as- growing strength of the Boys' sumption of the support and ad- High School in that station, are ministration of theological educa- giving our educational work a tion, particuJarly in Tokyo, by the place of increasing importance, Church of Christ in Japan. The while the medical work in Bahrain, Synod at its annual meeting in Oc- Kuwait, Muscat and Amarah, the tober accepted the offer of the two coastal and river stations, increases theological schools in Tokyo to influence in winning attention to pass themselves over to the juris- the Christian message and its diction of the Church, with diminishing subsidies of the associated fruits. missions, Presbyterian and Re- The United Mission in Mesopoformed. It is hoped that a strong independent Divinity School in tamia, in which the Reformed Tokyo will be developed within the Church in America cooperates next ten years, the basis being the with the Reformed Church in the two in Tokyo associated with the United States and the Presbyteri- Meiji Gakuin and with the Church an Church in the U. S. A., strengthand work of the late Dr. Uemura. ened its staff and its work during the past year. The steady evan- The Arabian Mission among gelistic work carried on through Moslems in the very cradle of Bible shops and coffee shops in the Islam has been developing slowly cities of Baghdad and Mosul and but surely. While the organization Hillah, and the increasing strength of the Church in this hard field has of the Boys' and Girls' Schools in not yet been brought about, there Baghdad, have been notable feahave been evidences in the past tures of the past year, and the out- look is encouraging.

AVIATION IN BRAZIL Brazil is rapidly becoming convinced of the advantages of aviation. Last year the Companhia Viru;ao Aerea Rio Grande ftew its planes 108,860 kilometers and carried 1,530 passengers. The Condor Syndicate's planes flew 366,224 kilometers, carrying 5,224 passengers. The letters carriej by the Compagnie Generale Aeropostale (a French aviation company serv- ing Brazil) totaled 8,112,820, and its kilometrage rose from 69,415 to 481,185.-New York Times.

OF THE HOME MISSIONS

BY THE REV. WILLIAM R. KING, D.D.

l1a:c('utive ~~'ccrct(1;ry of the Ooun(,~il T HE' work of the Home Mis- given sections. Considerable inter- sions Council for the year est is being developed in this effort.

1929 has proceeded along the Second, the meeting in January usual lines with gratifying results. of the three large commissions There is a growing spirit of good- that are preparing for the North will and Christian comity among American Home Missions Congress the denominations, and an increas- which is to be held in Washington, ing desire on the part of the de- D. C., December 1-5, 1930. More nominational boards to work out a than one hundred carefully selected finer interdenominational coopera- men and women, who constitute tion. In addition to the regular these commissions, met in Atlantic lines of work, through the various City for two days in January to re- standing committees and the State view the work of the previous year Home. Missions Councils, the out- and to make plans for further standing events for the year have study and research during 1929 been in connection with the Five- and 1930. This meeting revealed Year Program of Survey and Ad- the interest that is being taken in justment. Four things may be the coming Congress and gave mentioned as the most significant promise of a great epochal meet- events of the year in this program. ing in Washington this year.

First, the organization of state Third, the Council, with the co- and regional councils and commis- operation of the Council of Women sions. Two new State Home Mis- for Home Missions, the Federal sions Councils have been organized Council of Churches and the Comduring the year-New Mexico and munity Church Workers, is mak- Arizona. The Home Missions ing a survey of the entire United Council is cooperating with the States to discover the conditions in Quadrennial Extension Program small towns and rural sections with of the Federal Council of the reference to overchurching, inade- Churches in an effort to secure in quate churching, and overlooking.

every state an inclusive State This survey is under way in fifteen Council of Churches. Two of the states. One State, New Ramp- State Councils-Montana and Ore- shire, has been completed in which gon-have voted to join in a State 83 towns were found to be over- Council of Churches as soon as churched, 33 towns inadequately other state interdenominational churched, only 15.4'10 of the popagencies will agree to cooperate. ulation of the State is in the mem- First steps have been taken toward bership of the Protestant Church; the organization of interdenomina- 33.1 % is Roman Catholic, and tional home mission commissions 50.9 % is totally unchurched. Some in certain rural regions, which striking instances of overchurching shall be charged with the local re- were found, communities of 1,000 sponsibility of coordinating the to 1,500 people with as many as home mission activities of these seven Protestant churches. Seven- 23

teen towns with a total population the United States. By the estabof 8,709 have 50 churches, or an lishment of a Joint Committee of average of one for every 161 per- r.ine, three each from the Home sons. The aggregate church mem- Missions Council, Federal Counbership is 1,317, or an average cil of the Churches, and Commembership per church of 26. munity Church Workers, a plan These conditions in New Hamp- has been devised to care for the inshire are typical of conditions that terest of the independent comobtain all over the country. munity churches of the country, so as to hold them in connection Fourth, the fourth outstanding with organized Protestantism and event of the year is the cooperative the regular going order of the agreement that has been effected churches. with the community churches of HOME MISSIONARY WORK OF PRESBYTERIAN WOMEN BY M. KATHARINE BENNETT BOl>rd oj Nationa! Missions of the Presbyterian Onurah in the U. S. A.

T HE year 1929 has been San Juan, Porto Rico. At the marked by a fine building former, a new hospital of 75 beds program for the schools and has been built and the former hospitals cared for through the small hospital building has been Board of National Missions of the remodeled as a Teachers' Home.

Presbyterian Church. Teachers' In Porto Rico, a splendid new homes at Wasatch Academy, Utah, Nurses' Home, named Sellew Hall and at Cardenas, Cuba, make pro- in memory of her whose gifts made vision for retaining married men this possible, will care for one hun- on the staffs and for housing more dred nurses and increase the hos- comfortably some single workers. pital capacity. Smaller buildings Allison-James School, Santa Fe, and repairs in many places increase New Mexico, and Farm School, efficiency and the comfort of the North Carolina, have each dedi- missionary workers.

cated a new dormitory to replace As the mission field is surveyed, buildings that had to be abandoned. the constant adaptation of service Sheldon Jackson School, at Sitka, to changing needs becomes a factor Alaska, has a much-needed Indus- that is of interest and importance.

trial Building, making possible the Local conditions are as varied at teaching of more varied types of mission stations as elsewhere, and work and thus preparing students there must be at all times the study better to meet the needs of the Ter- of these and a flexibility of pro- ritory. Tucson Indian Training gram to meet them. There is great School, Arizona, proudly adds to encouragement in the increasing its campus a Graduate Home for leadership and cooperation of local boys who, having finished grade groups which point toward the work at the school, will attend the final assumption of full responsi- city high school. bility by them – the desideratum Medical service is being much toward which all service must enlarged at Ganado, Arizona, and strive.

MISSIONS AND CHURCH

IN THE METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH BY THE REV. JAY S. STOWELL Director of Publicity and Promotion DURING the fiscal year ending gelical Congress held in Havana in October 31st, the program June was attended by several of of work extending over the our secretaries and by representa- United States and into Hawaii, tives from our churches in Porto Alaska, Porto Rico, and the Do- Rico and the joint enterprises of minican Republic continued on a the Dominican Republic. It was relatively even keel with encourag- an occasion for broadening hori- ing reports from all parts of the zons and gaining new strength and field, but no resources were avail- courage for the work ahead.

able for the undertaking of urgent During the year a number of new projects. Porto Rican churches destroyed . Because of limitation of funds by the hurricane have been re- and as a matter of policy, special stored. The immigration of an in- emphasis has been placed upon the creasing number of Porto Ricans development of self-support. Ad- into the United States is creating vance steps have been made in in- a new challenge. Several Porto terdenominational cooperation at Rican congregations have been a number of points. Notable among built up and Porto Ricans are now these projects is the plan for han- settling in neighborhoods formerly dling the school work for Spanish- occupied by other national groups speaking boys in Albuquerque including New York's Little Italy.

jointly with the Presbyterians, re- Our Department of Evangelism suIting in a practical federation of has given specia) assistance to the Harwood Boys' School with the churches in locating and reclaim- Menaul School. Cooperative enter- ing nonresident inactive members.

prises in government In d ian At present it is promoting "preach- schools, in the Dominican Repub- ing missions" and other evangelical lic, and in many local fields, par- enterprises, and aiding churches ticularly in larger parishes in in their preparations to make this rural areas, have been continued 1900th anniversary of Pentecost a and extended. notable year in the field of evan- The great influx of Filipinos into gelism.

Pacific Coast states has created a An unusual departure this year new challenge and opportunity, has been the launching of a new and, during the year considerable periodical of church administraprogress has been made in culti- tion known as "The Pastor's J ourvating this important field. Much nal." It has met an amazingly of this work for Filipinos is now cordial reception on the part of the handled in American churches. pastors and has seemed to fill a An important conference of Fili- very definite and long-felt need.

pinos and Filipino workers was Two new superintendents of de- held in San Francisco in 1929. partments have taken up their re- The Hispanic American Evan- sponsibilities this year-Dr. F. W.

25

Mueller, Superintendent of the Unfortunately, our fiscal year Department of Church Extension, ending October 31, 1929, closed succeeding Dr. W. L. McDowell; with a deficit of. approximately and Dr. C. A. Richardson, Super- $200,000, so that some curtailment intendent of City work, succeeding and readjustment of work will be Dr. M. P. Burns. necessary in the year ahead.

MISSIONS OF THE PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH IN THE U. S. A. AMONG THE MORMONS BY THE REV. ANDREW J. MONTGOMERY, D.D.

Director, TrHl'1t and CountlJ D('pa1~tl1u:nt A RECENT study of the mis- ary work in reachable outstations. sionary map and forces of There is only one county in Utah, Utah and southern Idaho, and none in southern Idaho, in the home of nearly four-fifths of which Protestant churches have the followers of Joseph Smith and not established missions or 'visited.

Brigham Young, may cheer those the Mormon villages through Sunwho are intloi~ested in the work of day-school colporteurs or by sum- the Protestant Church in our Gali- mer itineration. The larger Prot- lee of the Gentiles and the cities estant churches have also a and villages of our Samaria. resident bishop, superintendent or There are 200 Protestant min- executive who visits the missions isters in this region, 75 in Utah aided or supported by the church and 125 in southern Idaho. Over which he serves and scores of other fifty of these ministers are resi- adjoining settlements.

dent pastors of self-supporting Beside these ordained or com- churches, ten in Utah and forty in missioned ministers, the Protestant Idaho. Ten teach in the Protes- churches have three academies and tant colleges and academies. The an interdenominational college in churches also support ten Sunday- Utah and two academies and two school missionaries or colporteurs colleges in' southern Idaho. Sixty inside the Mormon lines. These teachers are at work in these acad- men help us keep in touch with emies and c'oIleges in Utah and little fellowships beyond the fre- nearly as many in the academies quent ministry of settled mission- and colleges of Idaho. In one acad- aries and do an effectual service in 'emy, which has an enrollment of the hinterlands of the Mormon over 200, sometimes as many as area. forty per cent of the pupils are of Besides these traveling mission- Mormon heredity or training. Sev- aries, the Protestant churches have eral churche,s also support com- over one hundred ministers who munity workers, kindergartners are partially or wholly supported and deaconesses, usually in fields by the various church boards and otherwise unoccupied. There are are resident in dominantly Mor- at least fifteen of these good wom- mon communities. These mission- en who are doing missionary work aries minister not only to the little in our Samaria under the direction flocks in the towns or villages in of the boards of the Protestant which they reside, but do mission- churches.

ANNIVERSARY OF THE WOMAN'S

FOREIGN MISSIONARY SOCIETY OF THE METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH BY MRS. C. C. PEALE, Cincinnati, Ohio T HERE recently closed in Co- people, was taken with some doubt lumbus a meeting unique in as to its wisdom. The President the annals of missionary ac- of the Chamber of Commerce said tivities. It was the annual meeting to the women of Columbus, "There of the General Executive Commit- are not enough people in the United tee of the Woman's Foreign Mis- States interested in Foreign Mis- sionary Society of the Methodist sions to fill this hall." He sat on Episcopal Church, but combining the platform Sunday night and with it the celebration of the six- saw hundreds of people unable to tieth anniversary of its organiza- get in. It became necessary for tion. the police and firemen to take charge of the situation, and for Mrs. F. I. Johnson, President of three days literally to guard the the Federation of Woman's For- entrances to prevent a panic.' The eign Missionary Boards of the streets were thronged with earnest- United States and Canada, was the faced women with notebooks in moving spirit of the anniversary their hands, hurrying to imbibe the days. For two years her ingenious knowledge being given by specialand inventive mind worked out ists, missionaries, nationals, and the details. It has been said of her men and women from every dethat she "specializes in the impos- partment of Christian activity. sible," and where others were faint-hearted and felt that the ob- The scene in Memorial Hall can stacles were too great to be over- hardly be described. It might be come, this little dynamo of human compared in miniature to the great energy never faltered in the task. Centenary held a number of years To her, more than any other wom-. ago and, like a miniature, it was an, is due the honor for the over- delicately wrought out showing whelming success' which crowned the evidence of a woman's hand her labors. and planning. A large painting made in sections by school girls of Women came by the hundreds Japan almost covered the ceiling. and thousands from every section Other paintings used as a backof the United States. Situated as ground and representing many Columbus is in the heart of Meth- countries, were displayed as misodism, every city and hamlet sent sionaries brought the story of the large delegations until the local progress of the Gospel. committee in despair ceased to register the throngs. By actual Booths lined the walls, some of count, 5,713 were present, but them filled with Oriental displays many "did not register and there and others representing the eleven were probably 8,000 people in at- branches, showed the resources tendance. from which missionary money is Memorial Hall, seating 4,000 secured. The Communion Booth 27

with its mahogany table from might be described-a woman with Japan, prayer rugs from South toil-worn hands weeping over the Africa, communion cups from little cup. "I wanted so much to China, delicately and intricately be a missionary," she said to a wrought linens from Mexico, brass friend, "but I could not fit myself plates from Korea, silver pitcher so I have kept a child for years in from France, and rugs from Bul- one of the schools in China. Pergaria and Africa, was the center haps this cup is from that school." of reverent interest. The last night was thrilling. A The unpacking of the "Love great map of the world was at the Gifts" in the basement of Memorial back of the platform with lines of Hall transported us from prosaic electric light converging at Co- America to the mysterious Orient. lumbus. As cables were read by Queer-shaped hampers, baskets of nationals, the light ran down to different kinds, trunks and boxes Columbus, Calcutta, Tokyo, Hamyielded up their treasures. Hand- merfest, Lovetch, Algiers, Singawork from the schools brought a pore, until all the countries had vision of dusky faces bent intently sent their messages. Then the over their work. Hundreds of circle of light ran around the whole pairs of cunning Chinese shoes world and it was complete. When with cat faces, gifts of brass from Senor Mario Cappelli, the conse- Korea and India, woven baskets crated singer, sang, "If with all and trays, costumes from many your hearts ye truly seek Him," lands, linens from Lingayen, form- and facing an illuminated cross ed a bewildering array that made poured out his soul in "The Old the work fascinating. Over it all Rugged Cross," and the "Taps" the odor of far-away lands, cloves were sounded for the close of this and spices, made us think of the wonderful meeting, we were ready docks in Boston; and to crown all for the "Reveille" which was the gifts, the lovely silver bowl from beginning of a new epoch in mis- Burma which, on the last night, sionary work. The watchword for was to hold the anniversary gifts the new decade is "Forward-Toof 112 women-$112,OOO-what a gether-To the Unfinished Tasksight that was! To Know Christ and to Make Him Known." The missionary cause The Sunrise Communion Serv- has received an impetus which ice was a scene never to be for- will tell mightily in the coming gotten-the tall candelabra of Indian brass shedding a soft light, years. the organ playing softly, and the The city of Columbus was deeply thousands of women in solemn procession receiving the bread from stirred by the crowds and the inthe twenty-two laquer trays and terest shown in a religious gaththe wine from the porcelain cups- ering. Even the taxicab men said the gift of the women of China- they could not understand why peoand to be carried away. Eight ple would stand so long to get into hundred women were standing in a missionary meeting. Governor the rain at 4: 30 A. M., waiting for and Mrs. Myers Y. Cooper gave a the doors to open. The service con- beautiful reception at the Executinued three hours and 5,000 com- tive Mansion and attended many muned. Many touching scenes of the sessions.

A brilliant array of speakers

BAPTIST HOME MISSION SOCIETY

were on the program. Bishops Tupper, and others charmed every- Nicholson, Leonard, McConnell, one by their gifts of speech and Welsh, Warne, Hamilton, Oldham, song. and McDowell; Dr. J. M. King, a colored man, Mr. Cuadra from the Mr. Homer Rodeheaver led the Philippine Islands, Dr. J. M. M. vast throngs in song which con- Gray, Dr. John R. Matt, Mrs. tributed greatly to the success of Henry Peabody, Judge Florence every service. Mrs. Thomas Nich- Allen, Mrs. Ella M. Boole, Presi- olson showed herself to be a master dent Soper, Rollin H. Walker, Dr. in the difficult art of presiding S. D. Gordon, and others. over such a large assembly. Her words were like "apples of gold in A group of Nationals among pictures of silver," and she rose to whom were Miss Lillian Wu, Miss every occasion with a dignity which Carol Chen, Mrs. Induk Kim, Miss was beautiful and charming. Avelina Lorenzana, Miss Helen BAPTIST HOME MISSION SOCIETY . BY THE REV. CHARLES L. WHITE, D.D.

n/T OUR doors, throng the peo- ness, vice, crime, and degradation. pIes of every land. In the Like Jesus Himself in the days of work of evangelizing these old, the workers in these centers new Americans, Baptists are ex- make themselves a part of their pected to have large responsibili- neighborhood, a healing part, a ties. The magic growth of the helpful, hopeful, and saving part.

cities, with populations from forty Many are the stories of self-sacri- to sixty per cent of foreign birth fice and unheralded heroism on the or parentage, has created large sec- part of the workers which come tions where thousands of people from these life-saving stations are without church privileges. every year, and into the thousands Our foreign-speaking pastors and run the number of lives which, Christian center workers report a through the ministries of these response to the Gospel on the part workers, have caught sight of of these racial groups that should Jesus as their Saviour and have hearten everyone who finds it a yielded themselves to Him.

joy to build with Christ. The educational work of the So- From the experimental stage of ciety is facing far-reaching deci- ten years ago, our center work has sions. The rapid development of already passed into that stage of our schools for Negroes into col- its development where we can point leges and the greatly increased to definite permanent results and cost of carrying on a college bring where we know with a fair degree us again to the question of the fu- of certainty whither we are going. ture of some of our schools. Thirty We now have forty-four institu- years ago, $10,000 a year would tions which claim the distinction maintain a school of 400 children of being full-fledged, half-grown, below the twelfth grade. Now or budding Christian centers. Many $40,000 will not maintain a school of them are nothing less than life- of 300 college students. Yet the saving stations set in the midst of appropriation of our Society for stormy communities of ungodli- these schools has hardly changed

in these years. We have, however, commodated in the present buildsecured partial endowments for ings. A choice piece of land of fifty three or four of them, and students acres has been purchased for the pay much more tuition than for- Baptist Academy in Barranquitias. merly. We have also reduced the In Mexico the laws do not allow us number of schools to which appro- to hold public worship in rented priations are made. buildings or private homes. There- fore the Home Mission Society is The mission schools for negroes, called upon to help provide church as well as the other institutions of buildings if the Gospel is to be learning maintained by the Society, planted in new centers. The exare evangelizing agencies, minis- penditure of $50,000 per year for tering to their respective student ten years would scarcely enable us bodies, and by the directed activi- to overtake the building needs of ties of Gospel bands, to neglected our Baptist churches in Latin outlying communities. Practically America. all of our schools devote special attention to the training of preach- The Next Step in Home Missions ers and Sunday-school teachers either in special courses or sum- The ever-recurrent problem of mer institutes. There are more how to induce the foreign-speak- students in the regular theological ing groups and churches receiving department of each of the four financial aid to assume larger fi- largest schools-Virginia Union nancial obligation, with the conse- University, Shaw University, quent measure of self-determina- Morehouse College and Bishop Col- tion, is a vital one. This work lege-than for several years past. should be persistently carried for- ward and every group and church The Home Mission Societies enjoying the gifts of the general conduct mission work in six Latin denominations should at the earli- American countries-Cuba, Porto est possible moment come to self- Rico, Haiti, Salvador, Nicaragua support.. Heartening progress has and Mexico. In Haiti the language been made in this direction during is French; in all the other fields the past ten years. The next ten it is Spanish. The Home Mission years should see many advances in Society has under appointment to bringing groups and churches to these fields eleven English-speak- self-support. Just because a soing missionaries and 122 French or ciety has been working for a hun- Spanish-speaking pastors. Of the dred years is no reason why it latter, twenty-nine are supported should continue to do its work for- entirely by churches on the various ever. It must always justify its ex- fields. During the past year there tension of life by its extension of were 1,236 baptisms in these six work. countries, and the total offerings from the churches amounted to BIBLE DISTRIBUTION $74,632. The American Bible Society dis- In all of these countries there tributed eleven million Bibles in 1928 in 182 languages. Four and has been a change in the moral a half million Bibles and Bible por- atmosphere favorable to the tions were distributed in China alone. preaching of the Gospel, and the . people are coming to hear it in larger numbers than can be ac-

CHRIST OF THE AMERICAN

BY THE REV. CHARLES L. GOODELL, D.D.

Secretary of the Oommission on Eva,ngelism and Life Service of the Fedet'al Council of the Ohurches oj Christ in AmC1''ica I T IS now some four years since nobody. We may slightly para- "The Christ of the Indian phrase the poet's words and say- Road," by E. Stanley Jones, made a real spiritual sensation That one Face rather grows, throughout the country and the And decomposes but to recompose, world. It is interesting to know Becomes my Christ that a proper successor to that book Who feels and knows. has been written by Dr. Jones entitled "The Christ of Every Road." Matters of creedal statement This book dwells especially upon have long been fought over in the coming of the Holy Spirit and America. When we remember the Pentecost, and is peculiarly timely polemics of the last century and in view of the nineteen hundredth more, and recall the names of those anniversary of Pentecost, which is who stoutly withstood each other now engaging the attention of the in the fields of debate, we cannot Church: With the advent of the help thinking of the great revelanew year, this book will be in the tion which must have come to them hands of the people. when the a n gel of grace had washed from their eyes the sleep of death and they stood in common fellowship before their Lord.

The Editor of the MISSIONARY Their swords are rust, their bones are REVIEW OF THE WORLD suggests to dust, me the propriety of a brief article Their souls are with the saints, we trust.

on "The Christ of the American There is a growing conscious- Road." This I am glad to under- ness that Dean Inge was right take. Every few years a new re- when he said that Jesus did. not ligion is being promulgated. This· come to bring a religion but to be year is no exception; a liberal a religion; that He brought us a preacher in New York is standing religion that does not have to be sponsor for the new religion of defended but defends itself; and Humanism. One can not help re- that while we are interested more calling the answer of Tallyrand or less in creedal statements and when a man of his day told him he have no doubt that some of them was launching a new religion and are better than others, we are thor- would like his advice as to the best oughly satisfied that in the last way to do it. The answer was, "I analysis the best creed is the blind would advise you to be crucified man's creed-"This I know, that and to rise again on the third day!" whereas I was blind, now I see."

Whatever may be said about the It ought not to be difficult for all deflections and the indifference of communions to get together on that the Church, there is no question basis, and the unity for which we throughout America as to the su- long will probably come about in premacy of Jesus Christ. It is not no other way. Doctrines may di- a question of Christ or somebody vide us, but a common experience else; it is a question of Christ or through Christ will make us one.

31

Then we can say, "Is thy heart as lives of the buffeted millions we my heart? If it be, give me thy are hearing His words, "Come un- hand." to me all ye that labor and are The attitude which is more or heavy laden, and I will give you less apparent in the thinking of rest." You have been bearing your America today is the attitude that burdens alone and they are too these great questions which center much for you. "Take my yoke up- in Christ must be settled by ex- on you and learn of me, for my perience. Nothing stands the acid yoke is easy and my burden is test but faith in Jesus Christ. The light."

testimony of Dean Sperry, in his In the application of this blessed lectures before the Colgate-Roch- fact, we feel that a new day is ester Divinity School, is signifi- dawning throughout our country. cant. Speaking for that "vague If you are thinking of the great society known as 'Liberal Protes- missionary movements which have tantism,''' he says, "As for wor- so blessed the world and which ship, we are vaguely aware that at need as never before the motive of this point we are unexpert and defi- a divine urge, it is here you will cient; therefore we redouble our find it. Jesus Christ is saying, "Go busyness in the hope that work is quick, everywhere. Lo, I am with the substance of prayer. We try you even unto the end of the to make two blades of grass grow world." If you try to keep your where one grew before, without religion, you will lose it. If you stopping to ask the meaning of give yourself and your life in ut- this endeavor in sight of the time termost surrender to the needs of when some wind shall blow across a world ruined by sin, you will the world and no blade of grass save your own life and the lives of will grow more." The pendulum those to whom you minister. You has swung so far to the things are talking about social service, the which are of the earth earthy, and betterment of all classes and conour busyness has so absorbed us, ditions of men. You cannot face that we are calling a halt. We them in your own strength. You have been straining every energy will grow weary and utterly fail. in feverish anxiety to annihilate You must have a wisdom that is space and time. To cut a second greater than any which grows in from the record is enough to put purely human service. If you want a man or a horse on the front page; to minister to men who toil with but the answer from the bystander brain or brawn, you must bring to is, "If all that means the reaching them the spirit as well as the pracof the graveyard so much sooner, tice of the Carpenter of Nazareth. what is your hurry?" What is the If you want to minister to those end of it all? Alas, on the human who question your sincerity, you side, a few short planks from the must join the Society of the Towel joiner's hand in the windowless and the Basin, whose charter memchamber of silence and death, and ber was the Man who girded a on these lips of ours, so avid of towel around His loins and washed praise, there will rest at last but a and wiped His disciples' feet. If puff of dust. you want to take away the scandal It is here where the Christ of of the Church and bring men from Every Road comes in. Over the the highways and the byways of

THE CHRIST OF THE AMERICAN ROAD

life, from the seats of the mighty psychology and pedagogy, but are and the cottages of the poor, into they walking more closely with vital relationship with God and God? Do they know more intiduty, you must do it as Jesus did mately Him who said, "I am come it. It is the personal touch, the that they might have life and that yearning of heart for heart, the they might have it more abundantpassion which sent our Lord to ly." The psychology of conversion gaze on a ruined city that would or prayer is no substitute for those kill Him in a few days, and weep experiences. The study of the numthere with a love and longing too ber and authorship of the books deep to measure as He cried, "0 of the Bible is no equivalent for Jerusalem! how oft would I have the translation of their message gathered you as a hen gathereth into good and honest hearts. "The her chickens." words that I speak unto you, they are spirit and they are life." And We are coming to realize that that is the purpose which must lie the supreme message of Jesus is behind all our Christian religious not the message of a teacher but education. It is a matter of great of a Saviour. The Sermon on the joy that many of our leaders in Mount was not by any means His Christian education, like Dean greatest deliverance to the world. Athearn, lately Dean of Boston It was only His inaugural, spoken University School of Religious Edwhen those who listened were not ucation, and Dean Weigle, of Yale able to comprehend deeper spir- School of Religion, are emphasizitual truths. His greatest sermons ing this great fact on every proper were those preached to individuals, occasion. Jesus Christ is himself and that supreme message which the Way and the Truth. A weary was last upon His lips before those world standing at the cross roads lips, moistened with the vinegar of is not asking for a new signboard malice and purple in the agony of to point the way, but it is looking death, had cried, "It is finished." for a living message from Him with pierced hands and a wounded Here, in the matter of religious education, we in America are face heart, who alone can guide it into to face with a lesson which we must all truth. not overlook or forget. If secular education is falling down at the At this particular time there is point of character, the same thing an expectancy upon the face of the is also true of our religious educa- Church which she has not worn tion. Taking the country at large, for many a day. It has been quite there are thirty per cent less chil- the fashion for spiritual leaders to dren in the Sunday-school today say that it was time for a new outthan there were thirty years ago. pouring of spiritual power. For But this is not the saddest thing many years there has been a feelabout it. The percentage of those ing that a Pentecost was overdue. who are corning from the Sunday- With a unanimity that is most enschool into vital relationship with couraging and a yearning that is Christ and membership in the inspiring, the Conferences, Assem- Church is also increasingly less. blies and Synods of the Churches have united to make the present No doubt our teachers are better year, the nineteen hundredth annitrained than those of a former gen- versary of Pentecost, a time when eration in matters of philosophy, 3a

the Church should listen to the last Such in substance was the holy message of its Lord and wait for challenge which did thrill and will a new enduement of spirit and thrill the Church till the end of power. If Pentecost was necessary time. It is this Christ who must for the birth of the Church, other walk with us. Once He fell in with Pentecosts must be necessary for discouraged disciples who walked its continued power, and it is this and were sad on the way to Em- enduement which will vitalize the maus; but a little later their hearts whole Christian Church. burned within them as He unfolded The supreme day of the year is to them His holy promise. The Church of our day has been walkneither Christmas nor Easter, ing with leaden feet in a dusty blessed and glorious as those days path. The cares of this world and are; but they both take their the deceitfulness of riches have beauty and significance from what happened on Pentecost. After the choked the Word, and it has stood resurrection, the disciples were still shivering around altars where the a discouraged and timid company, fires had gone out. Some perchance meeting behind bolted doors. But have even been ready to propound when the day of Pentecost was once more the dreary skepticism fully come, there came with it that of John's disciples, "Art thou he power which changed the hearts that should come, or look we for of doubting, helpless men and made another?" With patience unspeakthem invincible by the indwelling able, the Christ has' been saying to of that .spirit which Christ said all such, "Look about you. The would be His alter ego, His other blind see, the deaf hear, the lame self, the spirit of Truth which walk, the lepers are cleansed, and the poor rejoice in a Gospel as would abide with them forever. mighty as their need." It is this Christ who journeys with us. It is Who is the Christ who is to be He alone who is adequate to the the Christ of the American Road? needs of our complex civilization, It is the Christ who is revealed to to the materialism of a nation each individual through the Holy grown rich in things beyond any- Spirit. We are talking about the thing which the world has ever rediscovery of Jesus. How is that seen, whose temptations to the mato be brought about? Not through terial and the sensual have been some ancient papyrus dug from greater than any other generation Egyptian sands or uncovered in has ever known. It is this Christ some ancient library. "He shall who is saying, "All power is given bring to your remembrance all that unto me in heaven and in earth. I have said." "He shall lead you Go ye, therefore, and teach all nainto all truth." He shall give you tions. . . . .. And, 10, I am with you wisdom and strength. Through Him you shall be mighty and pre- alway, even unto the end of the vail over all that is against you. world."

"A great empire and little minds go ill together. We ought to elevate our minds to the greatness of that trust to which the order of Providence has called us."-Edmund Burke, in the British Parliament.

CHURCH AND CONGREGATION AT POINT

SOME OBSERVATIONS ON CHRISTIAN WORK IN ALASKA BY THE REV. HERBERT BOOTH SMITH, D.D.

Posto'r, imtnltnud Prc8 bv t erian Church, LOB Angeles, Oalifornia I T IS easy for the tourist to gen- impressions which may be worth eralize. A European whose passing on to others whose knowl- knowledge of America was edge of Alaska is confined to the confined to the country between geography class in the fourth Niagara Falls and the Statue of grade. Liberty would not be able to write One thing which is patent to the a "Guide to the United States." No casual observer is the need of comore can a Californian who has operation between the variou~ spent one month in Alaska, travel- Protestant denominations. Alaska ing from Seattle to Fairbanks and is a big field to cover, with its 600,- points en route claim a thorough 000 square miles and its popula- acquaintance with the land north tron, native and white together, of of Fifty-four Forty. And yet if about 60,000. This means ten you have kept eyes and ears open square miles of elbow room to each and talked with a score of repre- inhabitant. If the 30,000 white sentative leaders from missionary folk are going to give a true picto Governor, you do gather certain ture of Protestant Christianity to 35

the Indian and the Eskimo, they considerable number of Lutherans ought to work together more fully were enrolled in the Northern than is now the case. Of course Light Church, which was none too there is considerable cooperation strong even then. Our Lutheran already, but more is needed. You brethren saw fit to come in and or- will find many Alaskan towns with ganize a church in that city which up-to-date store buildings and mod- drew away to its membership the ern theatres but hopelessly inade- Lutheran folk already happily quate churches. What a sorry ac- working in the former fold. Is count religion gives of itself when this a wise expenditure of home Ghrist's cause is represented by mission money? Mr. Young, the three or four one-room frame Juneau Methodist leader, told me buildings in a town of three thou- that the Canadian plan was the sand, say, whose ministers live on solution of Alaska's Protestant a starvation wage, comparatively problem. Perhaps it is, but that speaking, and preach to a handful cannot come at once; and my sug- of souls each week. Take Juneau, gestion would seem to be the first the capital, for example. The step. The situation at Fairbanks only self-supporting Presbyterian was a much finer. illustration of Church in' the territory is the Christian comity. . The Lutheran Northern Light Church of Juneau. leaders came there on a tour of in- They have a comparatively new vestigation with a view to organ- building which cost about $35,000, ization. They were fair enough with a membership of 140 or there- to hold a friendly conference with abouts. The Methodist Church the Presbyterian pastor and others, across the way is an antiquated as a result of which they concluded frame building and their church that there was no field for another roll numbers about forty. They Protestant church and hence they have a better manse, however, than left the work in its present status the Presbyterians, a reasonably quo. The children of this world ·odist friends could see their way are not always wiser than the chil- clear to dispose of their lot, valued dren of light. One wishes that our at about $10,000, and unite with Episcopal brethren might see their the Presbyterians, a reasonably way to a finer spirit of coopera- strong work could be developed. tion, especially in view of the over- My thought would be that in a tures emanating from that com- town where the Methodists had the munion today in behalf of the re- stronger work, the Presbyterians union of Christ's divided church.

should not establish a church and Take the situation in Sitka as a vice versa. This has been done at case in point. St. Peter's-by-the- Ketchikan for example, whose Sea is a charming little Episcopal Methodist Church numbers Luth- building which has had no rector erans and Calvinists among its for some time and where, accord- flock. Bishop Rowe and Dr. Tor- ing to my information, no services bet, both of the faith of Wesley, had been held for years. The Pres- agree with me in this general posi- byterian Church has had a school tion, though we might differ as to there for a half century or so. The details. time came when tbe need of a As an example of what should church building was urgently felt.

not be done, take Juneau again. A Application was made for the use

1930J SOME OBSERVATIONS ON CHRISTIAN WORK IN ALASKA

of St. Peter 's Church in order to sibly different kind. One of my avoid duplication, but a decided pleasant boat acquaintances was negative was the answer. Bishop Father McElmeel of the Mission Rowe is a man highly regarded at Nulato, way out on the Yukon. throughout all the territory, to be Handsome and genial, cultured and sure, and he may have had wise refined, he would be at home in any reasons for his refusal. But a social group in New York or elsemere Presbyterian cannot see the where. And yet he volunteered need of standing on technicalities for this .work five years ago and in Christian work on this far-flung he loves it. He could hardly wait battle line. A somewhat similar to get back to his dogs! A brother situation at Wrangell might be Jes uit of his said to me : "Ah yes, discussed at length. In the attrac- we give our best men to the hardtive town of Anchorage the Lutheran and Presbyterian Churches ( ,or stand on opposite corners of the same intersecting streets; both of them small and struggling. Why can they not get married? What is the use of passing resolutions about unity in our great conventions unless we begin to practice its precepts in our sparsely settled communities in the home and foreign field? In the present stage of affairs we can expect no sympathy from the Roman and Greek priests in Alaska, but surely we Protestants might unite.

Christ's Ambassadors VISITING PARISHIONERS IN ALASKA A second fact which forces itself est places," and I pondered over upon one's attention is the heroism the words. of Christ's ambassadors. One reads with admiration of the sacri- Well, we Protestants too have fices made by early traders in our saints and our heroisms, search of business success. In though we do not deal in haloes. 1838, for example, the Hudson Bay One hesitates to mention names; Company made a desperate at- but there is that man who put his tempt to establish a trading post wife and baby and household goods at Dease Lake. Four men passed in a rowboat and rowed them up an awful winter SUbsisting on the river to begin work in a native animals and moss. At one time village. When she was taken ill they had to eat their parchment she had to be driven by dog-team windows and their last meal be- for weary miles across country to fore giving up the effort was the find a doctor. There was that lacings of their snow shoes! But other missionary who was one of thank God, the servants of the three trustees for some Indians Cross are capable of equal, aye, who located a gold mine. Being greater sacrifice, though of pos- offered 250 shares (which later were worth $250,000) he refused

the same; although he was so poor One mIsSIOnary acquaintance he had to borrow his salary in ad- who has a wife and four children vance to pay his wif.e's passage to to support on the princely salary the States to visit their daughter. of $1,700 and manse, told me he He was one of Christ's fools. sometimes wondered whether he and his family were really worth An advertising man met a bach- all the money they were receiving elor missionary at a remote point from the Board of National Mison the Stikine River, who begged sions! Selah. him to stay a week with him as he ALASKAN BOYS Lay Leadership was so lonely. His chief earthly A third lesson one can learn is delight was an old-fashion~d bath- the importance of lay leadership. tub he had recently installed, the One of the needs of the church toonly one for miles around. day is a more consecrated and effi- cient laity. Many of our American I know a Sunday-school mis- churches would have to go out of sionary who answered my question business if the ministers should all about hardships in this way: "No, die. Alaska, however, has learned we haven't made any sacrifices to lay responsibility upon some of here. Of course, we lost two dear her elders and stewards and to children who could have been hold them accountable for results. saved if we could have afforded to When I visited the native church give them the care they should at Juneau, most of its members have had, but we haven't made any were away; but they were carryreal sacrifice." No sacrifice, mark ing their Gospel with them. One you. summer their pastor told his peo- ple as they left for the canneries to use every opportunity for getting groups of people together for wor- ship. In the fall they reported one hundred services held in three months. In the Klawock Church there occurred a vacancy of eight- een months between ministers and yet Mr. Bromley found a Sunday- school of one hundred members when he took charge and a field where Sunday services had been regularly held. At one native serv- ice I attended the lay preacher was blind and yet he proceeded with great efficiency. He had memorized his hymnbook and could lead all the songs with a good voice, quoting also whole Bible chapters from memory. One California clergy- man wondered whether his own of- ficial board of sixty members could

SOME OBSERVATIONS ON CHRISTIAN WORK IN ALASKA

carryon as well if similar duties to be an officer in a certain church.

were laid upon it. The pastor of this church is prob- There seem to be two theories on ably the most gifted churchman in which church leaders have acted, Alaska. This elder said to me, leading to opposite conclusions. "The people will do everything for One is that the missionary should Doctor Blank but come to hear him learn the Indian's language and preach." Congregations of twenty- try to "think native" as fully as five to thirty people are accounted possible. The other is that the large up in the Northland. You churchman should confine himself soon learn that a minister's in- to the English, insisting that the fluence is not to be measured by his Indian is an American and must therefore learn the English lan- guage, think for himself and stand on his own feet. Naturally the second method would seem to de- velop more initiative.

Humorous mistakes have; of course, resulted from the efforts of interpreters to translate Gospel ideas into the vernacular. Rev.

David Waggoner told me of one of his assistant's interpretations of Psalm 23. He heard the man say- ing in Thlingit: "The Lord is my goat hunter." Since they know nothing of still waters except in the valleys, he put it this way: "He knocks me down on the moun- tain and brings me down to the valley." Still another translator counselled his auditors thus: "Eat, drink and be married, for tomor- row you die!" A little Haidah girl THE "PRINCETON" SPREADING TIlE evidently had her own version of GOSPEL IN ALASKA the Lord's prayer, which ran as follows: "Forgive us our debts as crowd. One of the most useful and we forgive our dentist!" A small active m~m out "to the Westward" Miss at Cordova asked at the close preaches to eighteen usually and ot evening prayer: "Mother, is yet he is a power for God. He God a fish?" "Why, no, child!" goes to cannery and copper mines, "Well, then why do we say so often, wherever men are found; and as long as they don't come to his place Halibut be Thy name?" of business he goes to theirs. He Personal Evangelism builds his life into the lives of those You can write down a fourth about him. One of my Skagway thing in your notebook and that friends probably does as much is the importance of personal work. good in preaching to the prisoners A judge who has lived about a half in the town jail as he does in century in the Territory, happens speaking to his church folk who

are as yet out of jail. He told me attractions of this great frontier how the poor chaps sent for him country as the authoress was who to come and how some of them had made her hero go overland all the straightened up as a result of his way from Washington State to the Aleutian Islands. Some folks seem visits. to think it still belongs to Russia All this is borne out by a thing and are surprised to hear English spoken there. One dear lady said which happened as the result of she wanted to see what an Alaska President Harding's visit to Alaska stamp looked like on a letter. Anin 1923. He appeared fully as other tourist wondered when her much interested in the natives as bags would be opened for examinain the whites, and asked what could tion by the customs authorities, be done to help in the solution of and who the President of Alaska their problems. He was told that was. a new boat in which the Sundayschool missionary could visit the Such persons ought to read of people in their fishing camps would the dramatic incident of Friday be a great boon. Mrs. Harding evening, March 25, 1867. Secreand Mrs. John Grier Hibben, wife tary Seward was playing whist of the president of Princeton Uni- with his family when the Russian versity, were great friends and minister was announced. Baron were also among the visitors in- Stoeckel said he had received a discluded in the Presidential party. patch from his government by It was proposed that they head a cable stating that the Emperor movement to raise $40,000 for such consented to the cession of Alaska a boat, the same to be named after to the United States of America the President. But, as will be re- upon payment of $7,200,000. "Tocalled, the President passed away morrow," said he, "I will come to in San Francisco on his return the Department and we can enter from Alaska and Mrs. Harding on the matter of the treaty." Mr. died some time after. So that the Seward said, "Why wait till tofund for a smaller boat was largely morrow? Let us make the treaty raised through the good offices of tonight." The Russian replied, Mrs. Hibben and the vessel was ap- "Your Department is closed. You propriately named the Princeton. have no clerks and my secretaries On this trim little ship the apostle are scattered all over town." Mr. of the personal touch makes his Seward answered: "Never mind way from one camp to another. that. If you can muster your lega- The little dining-room becomes a chapel and the devout Indians as- tion before midnight, I will be semble for worship and sacrament awaiting you at my office." The there. It is another case of fol- result was that by four in the lowing the people to their where- morning the treaty was engrossed abouts rather than expecting them to come out to church. and signed and ready for trans- Another observation may be mission by the President to the mentioned and that is the need for more intelligent knowledge of Senate. Alaska by the Christians of the homeland. Most of us are as igno- Frequently the thought came rant of the geography, climate and over me as our steamers ploughed their way through the various beautiful channels of the inside

WEEK OF PRAYER

passage, that if the traveling WEEK OF PRAYER world knew the matchless beauty The Federal Council of the of Alaska's snow-clad mountains Churches of Christ in America rising sheer from the water's edge, joins with the World's Evangelical there would not be space enough Alliance of Great Britain in apon the boats of the four steamship pointing a Universal Week of lines to satisfy the people desiring Prayer, beginning Sunday, Janto go. Here is an ocean voyage uary 5. A suggested devotional without the danger of seasickness program will be circulated throughand a foreign country, in some out all English-speaking lands and senses of the word, two days out will be translated for use in other from Seattle. Here are the largest countries throughout the world. glaciers in the habitable world to The year 1930 promises to be sigbe seen in a temperature congenial nificant in the history of the to the normal American; and here Church. Most of the denominaare canneries whose output in a tions are. planning to observe it as single year amounts to ten millions the nineteen hundredth anniverof dollars. In fact, when Russia sary of Pentecost, and. have desold Alaska she gave away "valleys clared their purpose to make it a yellow with gold, mountains full year of intercession for the o~t­ of copper and coal, waters alive pouring of the same Power whIch with fish, and fur-bearing animals was bestowed upon the disciples in and scenery as sublime as any in the first century. the world." Suggested themes are: In similar fashion our people ought to know something of the Texts for Sunday Sermons, January 5: spiritual needs of the great North country. They ought to be taken Behold how good and how pleasant it on pilgrimages of investigation is to'dwell together in unity ….. for under the guidance of their pastors there the Lord commanded the blesswhere possible, that they may see ing, even life forevermore (Psalm 133).

That they may all be one, that the world may believe that Thou hast for themselves the desperate needs sent Me (St. John 17, 20-21). of some of these parishes and the Endeavoring to keep the unity of th;e pitiful inadequacy of the equipment Spirit in the bond of peace (EpheSIwith which Christ's servants have ans 4, 3). to work. Time and again as I sur- Blessed be the Lord God, Who only veyed some need, I wished for the doeth wondrous things: and let the whole earth be filled with His glory. Amen an.d Amen (Psalm 72, 18-19).

presence of some of my parish- Monday, January 6: ioners to whom God had given of Christian Unity; Thanksgiving and Confession. this world's goods in the hope that some special object might appeal Tuesday, January 7: The Church Universal.

to this one or that one, and the Wednesday, January 8: International Friendship and Cooperneed be met. If any who read these ation. lines shall be persuaded to make an adventure of a summer trip Thursday, January 9: Foreign Missions.

thither and should regret the same, Friday, January 10: if they will communicate with this Family, School and University Life. author he will put his hand down Saturday, January 11: Home Missions.

into his pocket and—criticize them Copies may he secured from The Federal for their poor taste. Council, 105 FJast 22d St., New York, at $1.50 per 100.

FIRST MISSIONARY TO SAIL

AMERICA BY THE REV. OTIS CAREY, D.D.

1110r Forty YCtW8 Mi88ianM"V of the A. B. O. P ..ZlI. in Japan I N ANSWERING this question vessel in which he sailed was cap- one perhaps thinks of the Jud- tured July 23, 1803, by an English sons and Newells, who sailed Guineaman and afterwards taken from Salem, Mass., February 19, possession of by an English Man- 1812; or recalls the statement in of-War and carried into Barbadoes, some books that Mr. and Mrs. Nott, from which place he went to Cu- Mr. Hall and Mr. Rice sailed Feb- racoa, and being entirely destitute ruary 18 from Philadelphia. Their and incapable of prosecuting his ship, however, did not leave the voyage, he came to this city and waters of the United States until has cast himself upon the care of February 24, and by that time the the Society."

Salem boat' was well on its way. The directors voted "to take him The inquiry is not confined to under their care," and appointed a American missionaries. An old committee to provide his board and volume of The Baptist Missionary lodging in New York, his passage Magazine, published in Boston, in- to Amsterdam, and needed clothing cludes a letter dated May 21, 1804, for his comfort during the voyage.

that tells of the arrival in New May 30, the committee reported York of three missionary families that it had unexpectedly found a of The Baptist Missionary Society vessel going directly to the Cape of of England who, being unable to Good Hope. The directors there- get direct passage from their own fore authorized them to procure country to India, had come to take passage in it, and Mr. Schmidt was an American boat. This they did soon on his way to the land for soon after the letter was written. which he had set forth nearly two In them the answer to our ques- years before. Nov. 2, his Mission tion would appear to be found, sent a letter from Good Hope tell- were it not for some items con- ing of his arrival and thanking the tained in the old record-books of Society for what it had done in his The New York Missionary So- behalf. Thus, unless some earlier ciety, which tell of another person, candidate appears, our question whose date of sailing was a few must be answered by the name of days earlier than theirs. At the Mr. Schmidt.

meeting of the directors of this It may seem that the accounts of Society, April 23, 1804, there was these English and Dutch persons introduced Erasmus Schmidt, a have little to do with the history of missionary of The Netherland American missions; but during Missionary Society. He had been their sojourn in this country they, appointed a catechist for work in by addresses in the churches and South Africa, had embarked for in other ways, increased and wid- that country in September, 1802; ened the new interest that Chris- but "after being twice blown off tians were taking in giving the the coast of Africa to Brazil, the Gospel to those hitherto without it.

42

UNION IN SOUTH

BY THE REV. ARTHUR J. BROWN, D.D., New York ~MONG the notable events of the uniting Churches that all actions of the year was the annuaI the united Church will be regulated by meeting of the Continuation the principle that it should maintain fel- Committee appointed by the World lowship with all those branches of the Conference on FaI.thaO nd dr er that was held at Lausanne, Swit- Church of Christ with which the unitzerland, in 1927. The meeting was ing Churches now severally enjoy such held in the Maloja Palace Hotel, fellowship, and that it should constantly seek to widen and strengthen this fel- lowship and to work towards the goal ~~ i~~ ~~~~;~o~f ic~:1~t~ody of all parts near St. Moritz, Switzerland, (3) It is also the hope of the uniting whose owner, Sir Henry Lunn, of Churches that their union will be a London, had made generous pro- means to the greater progress of the vision for the meeting. Fifty-eight Gospel in India, in fulfillment of the members were present, represent- Master's own prayer when He said, ing practically all of the historic communions of the Protestant and "That they may all be one . . . that the the Eastern Orthodox churches world may believe that thou didst send throughout the world. me." The result of union should be not merely greater fellowship and peace The special event of interest within the Church and greater eagerness from the viewpoint of missionary for the proclamation of the Gospel of Christ but also a greater release of divine' power and greater effectiveness for the establishment of His Kingdom on earth.

work was the "Proposed Scheme of Under the heading of "Faith and Union prepared by the Committee Order," the report avows "the of the Church of India, Burma and faith which the Church has ever Ceylon, the South India United held in Jesus Christ the Redeemer Church, and the South India Pro- of mankind …… being Himself vincial Synod of the Wesleyan God incarnate" ; "accepts the Methodist Church, for presentation Scriptures of the Old and New Tes- to the governing bodies of those taments as containing all things churches in India and elsewhere." necessary to salvation and as the This was presented by the Angli- ultimate standard of faith"; and can Bishop of Bombay in a printed the Apostles' and Nicene Creeds pamphlet of seventy pages. "as witnessing to and safeguard- The purpose and nature of the ing that faith."

union were defined as follows: The usually difficult problem re- (1) The uniting Churches are agreed garding bishops is solved by an that in every effort to bring together agreement that the United Church is to have "the historic episcopate doniveidoerdgamniezmatbieorns, othfe Cfhinrailst'asimBomdyustinbtoe the union of all who acknowledge the in a constitutional form as part of name of Christ in the Universal Church, their basis of union, without inand that the test of all local schemes of impIy, t union is that they should express locally tending thereby to or 0 exthe prin<!iple of the great catholic unity of the Body of Christ. Their desire, press a judgment on, any theory tihnerSeofourteh, Iins dsioa ttohaotrgiatniszhealtlhegiCvehutrhche concerning episcopacy." Indian expressiou of the spirit, the On membership and the validity thought and the life of the Church Universal. of the ordination of all ministers in the uniting churches, the plan (2) It is the intention and the hope of provides as follows: 43

"All persons who at the time of the judge details of the proposal, but union are communicant members of any of the uniting churches in the area of it declared: the union shall have the privileges and We welcome the statement with which responsibilities of communicant members it is prefaced that "unity of the Spirit of the United Church, and as such shall must find expression in the Faith and be at liberty to receive communion in Order of the Church, in its worship, in any of its churches." The Bishops of its organization and in its whole life." the dioceses concerned "shall be accepted We believe with them that their union, as bishops of the United Church"; and if carried out on right Jines, would re- "all the other ministers of the uniting sult in greater fellowship and peace churches in the area of the union shall within the Church and greater eagerbe acknowledged as ministers of the ness and effectiveness in the proclama- Word and of the Sacraments in the tion of the Gospel of Christ. United Church, each retaining the standing which he had before union in his In this connection, reference own Church ….. The United Church will seek to be in full communion with the may be made to the general fact churches of the Anglican Communion, that the movement for closer union and equally to be in such relations of and cooperation of the people of communion and fellowship with other God both at home and abroad has Churches as are now maintained with made notable advance during the those Churches by the South India United Church and the Wesleyan past year. Some long desired un- Church in South India." "For the thirty years succeeding the ions have been consummated, not- inauguration of the union, the ministers ably that of the Established and of any Church whose missions have United Free Churches of Scotland. founded the originally separate parts of the United Church may be received as A considerable number of pending ministers of the United Church, if they movements are making encourag- are willing to give the same assent to ing progress, and some new ones the Basis of Union and the same promise to accept the Constitution of the United have been inaugurated. It is evi- Church as will be required from persons dent that there is a growing feeling about to be ordained or employed for· the first time in that Church. After this that the time has come to make period of thirty years, the United more earnest and vigorous effort Church will consider and decide the to carry out the prayer of our Lord question of such exceptions to the general principle of an episcopally ordained "that they may all be one."

ministry." It is significant that the· move- Our space limits do not permit ment for union has made greater further citations. The whole re- progress on the foreign field than port deserves thoughtful and at home. Face to face with the prayerful consideration. It is tremendous problems of the nonarousing deep interest throughout Christian world, missionaries and the whole foreign missionary field native Christians have felt the abas well as among the home solute necessity of getting together churches of America and Great in order that they may unitedly Britain. The plan is to be passed press their efforts for the evangelupon by the governing bodies of ization of the millions of people the uniting churches in India and who have not yet heard of Christ. elsewhere, and it is of course pos- We are gratified to add that the sible that difficulties may yet de- Continuation Committee of the velop. It is significant, however, WorId Conference on Faith and that the various interests con- Order is planning to make a special cerned in South India have agreed feature, at its next meeting, of the to the plan by a large majority. unions that have been consum- The Continuation Committee at mated in Japan, China, the Philip- Maloja did not feel free to pre- pines, and other mission fields.

BEYOND OUR SPIRITUAL .INCOME

BY THE REV. D. J. FLEMING, D.D.

Pro!e880'l' oj 111is8io'nsJ Un'ion Theological Seminary, New York A TRIP of five weeks inspecting in recreation or study back in the missions in the Antilles is States. Young women can be bound to leave many impres- found for these posts who are sions. One of them is indelibly drawn by the novel beauty of made by the great majority of the tropical lands, by palm-fringed workers-you cannot help but take plazas, by great stretches of sugar "knowledge of them that they have cane, by ancient forts recalling the been with Jesus." In their tender romantic history of daring pirates concern for the people, in resource- or of the conquistadores of Spain, fulness, in creative love they are by the romance of months in an embodying the God-life. There is environment full of reminders of something about the way they an old civilization. But the head touch their patients or introduce of this school tells us that teachers their old pupils or share their with a warm, vital Christian life vision for th'e future that is con- which they are eager to share are vincing. Before them mountains very difficult to secure. Why is it are being removed-certainly they that from our Sunday-schools and care enough to long that they Christian colleges such a near and should be removed. In such per- strategic opportunity should not sons is manifested love-and love be overwhelmingly met? is of God. Not every worker produces this impression. But the A similar question arises as one divine life is there, and where this is shown through a hospital-the quality of life is, rivers of living outstanding medical institution in water are flowing. a whole republic.. There are the beds-a hundred of them. There But another impression follows are the patients. But at the .top hard upon the first-an impression there does not seem to be an apgailled not so much from our own preciation of the spiritual signifiobservation as from statements cance of this potentially impormade by those earnest spirits we tant institution. Why cannot the have just been describing, viz., that churches of three of the largest our American churches are living denominations of the United States beyond their spiritual income. turn out a consecrated Christian Here is a lovely girls' boarding director for this hospital?

school not more than four days There were other places where away from New York. Most of it was the Christian nurse that the future wives of the evangelical was lacking. Plenty of efficiently leaders of an island people are to trained workers could be found come from this school. The knowl- . who would go to these near-by edge of Spanish is not absolutely islands for the novelty, or for a necessary. Teachers from the job, and who would spend their north would be accepted for terms off-time at the club and come in of three years, or even of one late at night. From a professional year. Each summer could be spent standpoint they do their work. But 45

why did we so often hear the la- missions. But never before have ment that it is hard to get nurses I been so struck with the apparent with a missionary passion? spiritual poverty of our home churches. Possibly this impres- We saw buildings and institu- sion was due to the proximity of tions. Relatively these are easy Cuba, Haiti, Santo Domingo, and gifts for a great land with eco- Porto Rico to the United States. nomic surplus. But the personnel Separations need not be long. fully to run the institutions-the Adaptations to an alien civilization life amply to suffuse these build- are not so severe as in the Orient. ings – was sometimes lacking. The language is much easier to Wanted missionary minded teach- master. And yet even here those on the spot say that we are underers, doctors, nurses! When we manned with contagiously Chriscan buy the land, put up the school tian lives. buildings, and provide the latest X-ray apparatus or operating We are convinced that in Christ, room, but do not raise up enough embodying as He does the selfot those who are eager to use this revelation of God to man, there is material equipment for the deepest truth of inestimable significance to Kingdom purpose it is a fair ques- every human being. God grant that we may show that belief by tion whether we are not as Amer- allowing His power to demonstrate ican churches living beyond our itself by its great out-workingspiritual income. beginning with ourselves.

I have been twice around the world in close touch with Christian DEATH OF MRS. A. F. SCHAUFFLER T HE cause of missions sus- was a Director and liberal support- tained a heavy loss in the er of the Seacoast Mission, and oth- death, August 28th, of Mrs. er Christian and philanthropic A. F. Schauffier, of New York. She enterprises. She was one of the was a remarkably devoted and gen- stockholders of the REVIEW, reguerous friend and supporter of mis- larly attended their meetings, and sionary work at home and abroad. manifested keen interest in every Prior to marriage to the late Rev. department of the magazine. A. F. Schauffier in 1884, she was active in Sunday-school work and Her interest in foreign missions in the Woman's Branch of the New was deep and strong. She was York City Mission. These activi- widely read in missionary literaties she continued for many years. ture. She was familiar with all In 1902 she became Secretary of missionary books, and she bought the Woman's Branch of the City almost every new one that ap- Mission, in 1915 its Director, and peared. Her resume of recent mison her retirement in 1925 at the sionary literature at the monthly age of eighty-two, the Board of meetings of the Woman's Mission- Managers elected her Honorary ary Society was remarkably able. Chairman. In her summer home She poured out her money for miswith her sister, Mrs. John S. Ken- sions without stint, giving largely nedy, at Bar Harbor, Maine, she to her denominational boards and to several undenominational agen-

DEATH OF MRS. A. F. SCHAUFFLER

cies, and constantly sending checks nedy, on her 86th birthday, closing and other presents to missionaries an earthly life of not only excepin various lands. Her mail was tional length but exceptional useheavy, but she read every letter, fulness. She was a woman who ana her sympathetic heart united to a rare degree, beauty and prompted generous response to ap- strength of Christian character. peals. There are buildings in several missions that she erected, and Christian workers in many parts hundreds of missionaries have sub- of the world sorrow in the death stantial reasons for knowing her of this devoted servant of God. personal interest in their welfare. But sorrow is mingled with thanks- She regarded her money as a sa- MUS. A. 1<'. SCHAUFFLEIl cred trust and she found her greatest joy in using it for the advance- giving for the abundant good that ment of the cause of Christ and the she did and the gracious influence assistance of Christian workers. of a life unreservedly consecrated She gave. away practically all of to the cause of missions. The alaher income, except the amount re- baster box of ointment is broken, quired for her modest living ex- but the place is filled with the odor of the ointment. May we not say penses, and in her will she of her passing from earth what bequeathed most of her property Bunyan wrote of Christiana: to missionary agencies at home and abroad. Her skill in presenting "Now the day drew on that she missions to young people was hap- must be gone. And behold all the pily illustrated in a missionary banks beyond the river were full of horses and chariots which were service in the Sunday-school of Oli- come down from above to accomvet Church in the tenement house pany her to the city gate. So she came forth, and entered the river, district of the East Side in New with a beckon of farewell to those York, at which she presided. She that followed her to the riverside."

represented mission stations on the A. J. B. foreign field by candles, and in her explanatory talk to the children she said:.

The secret of all successful work for children in missions is for the leader to be full of enthusiasm and information. Tell over and over again where the money. goes, and what it accomplishes in the field. The best exercise we ever had in Olivet was when a large map of the world was spread on the platform and twenty children came up, one by one, carrying lighted candles which were placed on the stations to which the money from Olivet is sent, while the leader explained how the light from Olivet was shining in Africa and India and brightening places which, but for Olivet, would be dark. The children looked and listened and never forgot the lesson learned.

Mrs. Schauffler passed to her heavenly home at the summer home of her sister, Mrs. John S. Ken-

OF THE

The Editor's Visit to Asia including visits to missions in Bom- bay, Poona, Miraj, Ahmednagar, Hy- The Editor of the REVIEW, Mr. De- derabad, Vellore, Madras, Madura, and lavan L. Pierson, with Mrs. Pierson, Donhavur in South India. Visits to sailed December 2 for an absence of North India stations are to include about a year, during which time they Lahore, Ambala, Lucknow, Allahabad, will visit missionaries in Asia. Their Nowgong, Central Provinces (where itinerary is approximately as follows: Mr. Pierson's sister died), Benares and Calcutta. Sailing from Calcutta, Leaving New York on the S.S. Em- they will visit Rangoon, Burma, Bang- kok and Chengmai, Siam. From thence they will go by way of Singa- pore to Hongkong and Canton, China.

The length of stay in China will de- pend somewhat on the political situa- tion, but they hope to reach Shanghai about April 1 and from there to go on to Nanking, Hangkow and Changsha, later visiting Pautingfu, Tsinanfu, and Peking. Journeying northward through Mukden, Manchuria, they ex- pect to reach Korea about May 15, visiting Sunchun, Pyengyang, Seoul (where there is a Bible school erected to the memory of Dr. Arthur T. Pier- son) and Taiku. From thence the route lies to Japan by way of Shi- monoseki (where Mr. Pierson's sister, Mrs. Frederick S. Curtis, and her hus- band labored for many years) to Na- gasaki, Kobe, Osaka, Kyoto, Hatchi- man, where the Omi Mission is located, Tokio and Yokohama.

DEJ.AVAN L. PIERSON The specific dates for various points are not definitely fixed as their plans press of Australia December 2, going are somewhat elastic in order to have to the Mediterranean by way of Ma- liberty to follow the leading of God deira, Algiers, Naples, Athens and en route. They expect to return via Haifa. They expect to be in Egypt, Hawaii and San Francisco and to December 25 to January 1; then to reach New York about October first.

go by aeroplane to Baghdad to visit In this journey Mr. and Mrs. Pier- the United Mission in Mesopotamia, son are carrying out a long cherished including a visit to ancient Babylon desire to see on the field and at their and Ur of the Chaldees and sailing work the missionaries in whom they from Basrah to India, January 11. have so long been prayerfully inter- About seven weeks will be spent in ested and to the advancement of whose India, from January 18 to March 5, cause they have devoted so much of 48

TOPICS OF THE TIMES

their lives. Mr. Pierson has labored follows to the editor of one of his indefatigably and self-sacrificingly for church papers: many years to make the REVIEW a means of increasing interest and gifts A genuine bargain, this book-the and prayers for the world-wide work Annual Report of the Board of Foreign of the churches, and to bring to the Mission~osting but twenty-five cents missionaries in many lands messages -in bulk, with its 347 pages; in quality, of cheer and information regarding with its score of sepia cuts and outline the work and problems of missionaries maps, showing results of our missions in other fields which they might not throughout the world today; well- otherwise have means of knowing. He printed, thoroughly edited; in interest, has rendered a service of inestimable leading the reader on a mental and value to the cause of Christ and has spiritual journey through the great made the REVIEW indispensable to mis- countries of Asia, Africa and Latin sionaries and to their supporters in America, with accurate news and inter- the homeland. While he has become pretations of human life which are one of the best informed men regard- comprehensive and even profound and ing missionary work he has not hither- always sympathetic. It is well worth a to had opportunity to visit the Asiatic quarter and a few evenings' reading, fields on which the foreign mission- this best of our mission study books. aries labor. He and Mrs. Pierson set Our eyes are opened and our hearts' forth on thei~ journey with eager an- faith revived, as we read in these livticipation, and we are sure that the ing pages of those who are coming to results of their tour will be further the help of the Lord against the mighty. enrichment of the value of the REVIEW. He has promised to write a series of What Mr. Cooke wrote of the annual letters regarding their experiences report of his denominational board and observations which will be pub- might be said of the reports of other lished in the REVIEW, and will be read boards. We hope that our readers with keen interest. who have not seen the reports of their church boards will write to their Sec- During his absence, the editorial retaries for copies. They will find the chair will be occupied by the Rev. Dr. volumes packed with interesting and Arthur J. Brown, as explained in the important facts regarding the world- December number of the REVIEW. He wide work of their respective churches. is confident that readers will follow Mr. and Mrs. Pierson with special The Scope of Modern Foreign prayer that God may give them a safe journey, bring an abundant blessing Missions to the missionaries, and in turn receive rich reflex blessing for them- Statistics are said to be dry; but selves. surely not those that epitomise the onward sweep of the Kingdom of God "The Best Mission Study on earth. It is heartening to remind ourselves of the figures compiled by Books" those high authorities, Harlan P. Beach and Charles H. Fahs in the How many members of home World Missionary Atlas. They show churches read the annual reports of that throughout the non-Christian their Boards of Home and Foreign world of today, 29,188 foreign mis- Missions? They are supposed to be sionaries and 151,735 native workers dry and uninteresting. But a Penn- are conducting Christian work in 4,- sylvania pastor, the Rev. William B. 598 stations and 50,513 outstations; Cooke, who had taken the trouble to 36,246 churches with 3,614,154 comread the annual report of the Foreign municants shine like stars amid the Board of his denomination, wrote as darkness of the non-Christian world. Adherents swell the number of the 4 Christian community to 8,342,378, and an uncounted host stands upon the threshold of the Kingdom; 2,440,148 pupils are being educated in 50,079

missionary schools ranging from kin- that means only one in 80 of the popdergartens to great universities; 858 ulation. In Siam, only seven of the hospitals and 1,686 dispensaries 18 provinces have mission stations, treated in a recent year 4,788,258 pa- and two men and their wives are trytients in the name and spirit of the ing to cover a field as large as Ver- Great Physician. Millions of pages mont and New Hampshire with a popof tracts, books and periodicals are ulation larger than that of St. Paul. annually published. The Bible is be- In the whole non-Christian world there ing distributed in 853 languages and is only one missionary for every 36,- dialects at the rate of over 11,000,000 727 of the population. Dr. Arthur copies a year. The British and For- Mitchell's heart almost broke as on a eign Bible Society prints five tons of night ride on a Chinese river he saw Bibles every day, and the American city after city and not a man to tell Bible Society since its founding in them of the true God. "What can we 1816 has issued 70,082,448 volumes. do?" cried a lonely worker in Africa, The breadth of Christ-like sympathy "but pray without ceasing to God that is movingly exemplified in a great hos- He will bring the needs of Africa so pital for the insane, 104 leper asylums, vividly before the Church that it will 32 schools for the blind and deaf, and make our weak hands strong in deliv- 361 orphanages. For this vast and ering the message of a living Saviour varied work the churches of Europe to a dying people!" "Say not ye, there and America' in a recent year gave are yet four months, and then cometh $69,555,148. harvest? Behold, I say unto you, lift up your eyes, and look on the fields; The very recital of such statistics for they are white already to harvest." impresses one with the magnitude of the enterprise. Dry though they A. J. B. sound, to him who knows their meaning, as a missionary once said, they SUMMARY OF INCOME AND EXare clothed with the flesh and blood PENDITURES OF NINETY-TWO of those whose life work they repre- BOARDS IN NORTH AMERsent. ICA IN 1928 It is a wonderful record when one Reported by Mr.. Leslie B. Moss, considers the comparatively brief peri- Secretary of the Committee of Refod in which missionary work has been erence and Counsel of the Foreign conducted, the difficulty of inducing Missions Conference of North Amerpeople to change hereditary beliefs, ica. the limited resources of mission boards and their support by only a part of the Income from living donors $33.867.920.50 membership of the home churches. IuC'ome from other sources 6.584.084.31 Foreign Missions are not only the vastest but the most successful of the 1'otal income ………… . $40.452.004.81 varied enterprises of the Christian Church. One thanks God and takes Exppnditnres for: courage. Africa . . . . . . . . ~2,ti77.362. 45 Near East and But when one thinks of the work North Africa. 2.467.441. 64 yet to be done, exultance gives way to India …….. 6.735.462.24 anxiety: 164,700 Christians in Japan! China …….. 6,559,448.45 But 66,000,000 people in Japan of Korea …….. 1,508,065.93 whom forty million have never heard .Tapan …….. 3.709.168.58 of Christ; 800,000 Christians in Philippine Is- China! But 438,000,000 people in lands …… 833.716. RS China and only one missionary for Latin America* 4,380,844,29 every 52,000! Nearly five millions Countries not who tell the government census takers (Iesignated by in India that they are Christians! But boards ….. 2.988.772.10 'l'otal r,xpendltures for recurring purposes……………… 31.760.282.56 New property. eqllipmeht, und other special purposes ….. $8.691.722.25 * Reports not received from home mission boards conducting work in Latin Americ.ll.

BY MRS. F. I. JOHNSON, 150 Fifth Avenue, New

President of the Federation of Woman's Boards of Foreign Missions A Sunday-school method for develop- (5) What other denominations are at work in this field? ing knowledge of the bigness of the (6) What more needs to be done? church's responsibility for making (7) What more can we do? Christ known; also of the results thus far achieved. In addition, it will lift IV. When your denominational divi- sions are pasted on the outline the interdenominational horizon. map, have a talented boy to Devote ten minutes to this method paste on all other divisions, naming each as he does so, and on each of the twelve missionary Sun- the denominations at work in days. each. Let him close with state- ment of amount per capita METHOD given by your denomination to fulfill the command of the I. Very large map of world with world's Saviour to spread the geographical divisions in out- Gospel of Redemption through- line. (This to be hung up for out the earth, (pastor needed). the missionary period each month and taken down im- KOTE :-This win mean research and hard mediately thereafter. It must work. If the classps ure rightly approu('hed in be kept fresh and clean.) pr~senting this method of visualizing the work hoth at home and abroad, they will gladly un- II. Geographical divisions of each dertake a pie('e of study Which will appeal to them as worth the cundle. The young folks continent in colors made out are tired of huving the Christ's work handed of paper or cloth, durable to them on a platter of ease; they know that enough to hold up well after this is not the way in Which it will he ac- being pasted on the outline complished; they are champing the bits for map. hard jobs, while the majority of so-called mis- siomrry leadcl"S' are treating" them either as III. Assign definite geographical divi- children or "uninterested youth." On with sions to definite classes, each hard tasks for our splendid youth! Thpy will to be reported on at a specific measure up! 'Ve nre the ones at fault.

date at which time the presi- MOTHER INDIA'S CHILDREN dent of the class or other chosen one pastes its division By MISS LAURA DEWITT SOPER, on the outline map in the pres- ence of entire school; report Bakersfield, Calif. to consist of following items Scene: given by as many different in- dividuals as possible: A wayside shrine, in any setting typical of India. (1) What Home or Foreign missionary work has our denomination in Characters: this world geographical division? Mother India, ragged, travel-stained, (2) Where is our work? exhausted. A Poet, dressed in flowing robes, (3) Name of one worker. white hair and beard hanging loose, sandals.

A Warrior, in fighting garb of (4) Approximately how much in- kahki, with turban, knife, and short vested by our local church in this sword.

division? (pastor's help required at A Priest, in saffron robes and carry- this point). ing rosary.

51

A Chela, with begging bowl. Future-Has she no children who A Scholar, dressed in semi-European will care for her? fashion, alert, important. A Skilled Craftsman, bearing a bowl Mother India-(Proudly) Yes, I of carved brass. have many children who have wrought A Far.mer, with rice and grains tied splendidly for me. They are noble in knotted cloth slung over his and illustrious. For me they would shoulder. lay down their very lives. A sma!/' group of women, dressed in saris and bringing with them beautiful Present-Then where are they? silken scarves. Why do they not come to you in your Outcaste Man, dressed poorly but need? neatly in white dhoti, blue cotton coat, and dark turban. (Select this char- Mother India-Ah, I am old, so very acter most carefully.) old, and they are young. Their days The Present, wearing a classic white are filled with the cares and hardrobe draped with gray gauze scarves. ships of youth. In a little while, in a The Future, classic robes of pure little while, when they have time they white. will come.

As curtain rises, Mother India is Present-But in the meantime you discovered feebly trying to worship at will perish. Can we not call them to the shrine. She falls in a little ex- you now? Is there none to find them? hausted heap beside the road. Enter the Present and the Future. The Future-I go to call them. At my Present discovers Mother India and bidding they will come, bearing loyal goes over to her. The Future waits gifts for their beloved Mother. In a at one side of stage. few moments I shall return with them. Do you in the meantime minister to Present-Oh, poor Mother India. her needs. What has happened? Why are you here beside the road, so weary and FUTURE LEAVES PLATFORM disconsolate? The Present kneels beside Mother Mother Indiu—-Daughter, I have India, helping her to recline more journeyed far and the weariness of the comfortably; straightens her garyears is upon me. ments; and ministers to her tenderly. The Future returns leading all of Present·-Whence have you come, Mother India's c;hildren. The Poet, Mother? the Priest, and the Scholar approach Mother India. The Warrior and the Mother India-I have come from the Craftsman stand a little at one side. far boundaries of my own past. Out The women group themselves at her of the misty beginnings of civilization feet or crouch near her head. The I come, seeking fulfillment and peace. Farmer stands deferentially at the I have come at last to the end of the far side, and the Outcaste man stops, journey here by this wayside shrine. barely inside the stage entrance.) Present-But how ragged and dusty Pt'esent-See, Children of India, your garments are! your beloved Mother lies here by the roadside, exhausted and ill. Can we Mother India-They have been torn not aid her? on many a briar and drenched with many a storm. Poet-Oh, beloved Mother, it grieves us to see thee thus stricken with weari- Present-Why do you not rise, ness and pain. Too long hast thou Mother? It is the hour for prayer. gathered dry sticks in the forest; too long hast thou cut the sheaves of Mother India-Alas! I can no longer brown grass on the barren hillsides. rise. My strength faileth me. Arise, cease from toil, take the while lotus of love which flowers in our Present (To the Future) Oh, what hearts for thee, and walk with us the shall we do? We cannot leave her here upon the road to perish alone.

METHODS FOR WORKERS

paths of blessed peace. (He lays a hold the bowl which my hands have flower beside her.) carved. This, Mother, is yours. You are hungry and thirsty. Eat and drink Mother India-Ah, beautiful is your that strength may return to you. flower, my son. My heart is made glad by your offering. (She touches it Mother India-How shall I eat from reverently, but does not lift it.) your bowl of loveliness when my bags are empty? Since I have been on my Warrior-CStepping forward brisk- journey, my rice has all been eaten ly), Nay, what cares our Mother now and my water skin is empty. I faint for flowers of love and paths of peace? with hunger. The world is knocking at her portals to carry away her treasure. She has Farmer-Here is grain, Mother, and need of strong arms and brave hearts. here are fruits from the trees in my Mother, arise and lean upon me. I field. Let mine be the hand that fills shall turn away those who would op- your bowl. pose you. Come, let me help you rise. Scholar-CLording it a bit.) Dh, Mother India-Nay, but I am tired, foolish brothers and sisters, while we son. Your swords have clashed in my argue, our Mother dies. Let us make ears so long. Leave me in peace, a litter of our cloaks and carry her to though it be but to die. her rest. Sisters, lift the grain and water skin. Let us make haste. Priest-Flowers of love and sword of warfare a.like are vain. Come with (The children all crowd around. me to the Shrine, Mother. There shall From their shawls and sticks they you make offering to the gods ….. . construct a rude litter. Mother India is lifted upon it. The litter is lifted Chela-(Pushing in suddenly from to the shoulders of the Warrior, edge of crowd.) Better that you should Farmer, Craftsman, and Scholar. The fill the bowl of this priestly son of women gather up the bowl, the flower, yours. Give to him that he may bless and the veils which have fallen, and you. Perchance a deed of generosity the grain and fruit. (The Priest leads may win merit to raise you from this the way.) (The Dutcaste remains at dusty bed. one side.) (The Poet following.) Mother India-Leave me to die. Priest-Come, let us take her to the How can I give to you that which I holy waters of the Ganges. There behave not? side the blessed stream, waiting in prayer, our Mother shall find healing. Women-Deal' Mother, we bring veils for your shrouding. It is not Mother India-Not, so, my son. fitting that you should lie here before Each year have I made the pilgrimage the sight of all who pass by. These to Benares or Hardwar, but behold, I ragged garments should be covered am no whit better. that you be not mocked in your sorrow. Place your arms about our Priest-Then let us carry you to shoulders and we shall raise you. Lean the hills, to Badranath, the most upon us and we shall lead you into sacred, where Mother Ganges springs the seclusion of our home where you as a tiny rivulet from the cool arms may rest undisturbed by the curious. of the glacier. The way is long, but we, your sons, will carry you. Mother India-Daughters of the gentle voices and the tender hands, I Mother India-Not so, not so. Two would go with you but I cannot rise. hundred miles beyond Hardwar into These limbs refuse to bear me further. the frozen hills! The weariness of death is upon me. Carry me not to Women~CSpeaking with veiled the hills. I am weary, weary, so weary. faces to the men.) Brothers, behold our Mother is ill and unable to rise. Warrior-Let us leave her here in Cannot you help us carry her to our the care of her daughters for a time home? while we unsheathe our swords and drive the stranger from her home. Craftsman-Before you take her Behold, from the far corners of the away, let me make a gift for her. Be-

earth, the foreigner has crowded in Outcuste-You speak truly. I would upon us until there iSJlo place left for not lead. I can only point to One who our beloved Mother to lie down to has called to us, "Follow me." He is rest. Let us to battle! able to lead us where there is healing Present-Peace, brother; too long for all, even for such as I. Have I has the sword been unsheathed in this not followed Him and learned of His fair land. They that live by the sword strange power?

shall also perish by the sword. Not Scholar-Do you say you have thus can you serve your Mother in her learned? How can that be ? You who need. have brains only for the menial tasks!

Poet–Bring her hither, my broth- Have not our holy books made it a ers, to the retreat where we poets and sin even to read their sacred pages in philosophers live. She shall lie at ease your presence? How then do you talk upon the green grass, where perfumed of learning?

fountains cast up their rainbow spray. Outcaste-It is true, brother, that We shall plant hedges of hibiscus and through the centuries we have been fragrant jasmine about her that she stupid and ignorant. I have been as be not tormented by the sight of the poor dumb beast until this great misery …… . Teacher of whom I tell you has made Farmer- (Interrupting.) And me to understand many things. I have would you then carry her away from read in the Blessed Book ….. .

us? In the years when the crops fail, Priest-CAstonished.) You have when disease walks through our vil- read the sacred books?

lages, or when poverty bends us low Outcaste-Nat your sacred books, shall we not be able to come before brother. The Book that tells of this our Mother for comfort and counsel? Great Physician ….. .

Scholar-Hush, villager, your com- (THEY SET LITTER DOWN AGAIN AS plainings trouble her. What have we THEY ARGUE.) to do with the voice of misery? Let us go forth to tell the world of her Mother India-The Physician! The glorious achievements. Hearing of Physician! Where is this worker of these all will love her and she shall miracles? Will He trouble to heal be exalted among the nations. me, a woman?

Future-Is there none among you Outcastf!–Yes, mother, He is tender who can lead? Poet, Priest, Scholar, and compassionate toward all.

can you not rally your brothers and Mother India–Then take me to sisters about you, or will you argue Him, my children, before I die.

together hopelessly while the Mother Wome11!–Come, let us find Him lies dying before you? Who will take quickly while there is hope. Forward, my hand and lead us to a place of brothers.

hope? Warrior-But who shall point us Outcaste-(Humbly.) Oh, my the way? Can you tell us which path brothers and sisters, hear me. I am to take, Poet?

poor and humble. No lotus blooms in Poet-Not I. The paths where my the tanks of my village; no bowls of feet wander are pleasant but lonely.

carven brass or scarves of silk can I I know not where this wonder worker bring in offering to the Mother whom lives.

I too love. My grain and my fruit she Warrior-Thou, Priest! Cans't thou must not eat, for I am untouchable. tell us?

But I have heard of One who can heal Priest-I have heard of Him, but her illness and I can guide you to the I know not where He dwells nor the dwelling place of the Great Physician. way of discovery.

Priest-(Scornfully.) You? What Warrior-CTo Scholar.) Then it is can you do save follow? We are the for you, learned one, to lead us. For- ones whose destiny it is to lead. ward and we shall follow.

Scholar-Alas, I have searched but Outcaste-(Turning to speak to the the way is clouded with the mists of little group just before they leave the uncertainty. I, too, would find the stage.) Teacher, but I search in vain. When we have found him, let us Future.-Oh, Children of India, lay kneel before Him and offer Him the aside your confusions and your pride. devotion of our hearts, for He is This lowly one among you bears testi- worthy. And His name is a name mony to the One who alone can heal above all names-Jesus the Christ. the grievous ills of the beloved Mother. He has followed and found the Teacher (Mother India rises to sitting posiand Healer for whom the whole world tion and lifts her joined hands high.) waits. Follow and He will lead you to the Teacher's feet. (To Outcaste.) Mother India-Jesus ! J esus ! the Humble one, speak plainly. Where Christ! He it is that shall heal me of dwelleth the Blessed One? How shall this weariness. To Jesus be praise! we find Him and how is His name called? Come, I will go with you to All-CAs they pass out of sight.) find Him. (She stretches her hand to Jesus! Jesus the Christ! to Jesus be the Outcaste who takes it as he steps praise! to head of line.) END. Outcaste.-His dwelling I know. It is not in the shrine or in the retreat. NOTE :~-Use with the presentation of tho It is out among the restless weary ahuve demonstration, the two Indi.a songs found ones. He dwelleth in a house not in the Methods Department of the December made with hands. The way I know issue. for He led me and I followed and found peace. Come and we shall guide WONDERFUL WORK you to Him. We will lay our Mother at His feet, for He will heal and raise It's wonderful work, they're saying, when her that she may shine forth like a men put over a scheme, jewel among the nations. But the wonder of all was the laying of Warrior~(Fingering his sword.) the outlines and the dream, And shall we meet with dangers upon the path, or shall we need to force our The bringing to birth of the fancy, the way into His presence? setting the heart aglow Outcaste-Dangers and trials there With visions of use and beauty that the will be, but with swords and fightings work might be builded so. we may not approach, for He is the Prince of Peace. It's wonderful work, they're saying, of the things men do each day, All-(Shouldering the litter again.) Let us go forward! (They move off But the wonder began in the dreaming with the Outcaste and the Future lead- of the light, the truth and the way; ing, the Present following last.) And somewhere the heart and the spirit, Mother India-Now shall I find rest the hope and the faith and the trust and healing. The strong arms of my sons are carrying me where there is Of a dreamer were forming the structure life and light. My daughters are with that the builder lifts from the dust. me. Their loving devotion brings joy -B. B., in "Baltimore Sun." and refreshment to me. With my children about me to uphold me I shall (The above method of progress is find the healing for which I long. dedicated to the young missionary worker who is dreaming great dreams Scholar-And when we have found of the possibilities of Christ's rule in the Teacher, how shall we address the hearts of folks and is fearful of Him? By what title shall we honor making them known lest he may be Him? called a dreamer.) TELEPHONE ANNOUNCEMENT Purchase two toy telephones. Place a table and chair at one side of plat- form or room and another chair op- posite. One announcer sits reading. The other announcer comes into the room, takes up the phone and calls a number. A bell rings. The reader takes up her phone, and during the conversation, an announcement is made of the next missionary meeting, and an invitation given to attend.

WOMAN'S FOREIGN MISSION

EDITED BY MISS FLORENCE G. TYLER, 419 Fourth Avenue, New York WHAT CHINESE WOMEN ARE The government in China today is DOING standing for the political equality of men and women. Women are very By TING SHU CHING and KATHARINE generally being employed in govern- E. VAUGHN ment offices, many for clerical work and a few holding higher positions In these days which are on the bord- which necessitate the carrying of a er land of the period of reconstruction, good deal of responsibility. During full of activity along political, eco- the last twenty years women have taken an active part in the furthering of the revolution and as the nation settles down to the business of recon- struction there is every reason to be- lieve that an increasing number of government positions will be open to women who are qualified to serve their country in this way.

In Development of Rural Life A second concern is for the women in the country districts. U nti! recent- ly the Women's Movement has had to do mostly with a relatively small group of women, who have lived for the most part in the larger cities. It has felt this weakness, but it is looking now toward the time when country women TING SHU CHING shall be included in its activities. Much publicity is being given to the nomic and social lines, the question fact that some eighty-five per cent of arises of how much part Chinese wom- China's 400,000,000 people are living en are having in the up-bUilding of in country districts and villages, septhe nation and with what phases of it arated from each other and isolated they especially are concerning them- from the rest of China through lack selves. of means of communiCation. A direct result of the revolution has been that we are fast becoming more aware of this eighty-five per cent in the coun- try and that they are at the same time becoming more conscious of their own In Governmental Aft'airs strength. Much attention is being paid to The presence of women delegates at the third national conference held rural education. Popular education classes are being organized even in in Nanking in the spring of 1929, in- remote villages and learning to read dicates that they are concerning them- and write one thousand of the mast selves with the government. "Woman commonly used Chinese characters in delegate makes brilliant speech for four months time brings new life to women's rights," appeared in the head- the women in country districts.

lines of one of the conference reports. Churches and groups such as the Y.

56 W. C. A. are gladly joining in China's tional gatherings. Most recent was effort to bring education to the masses, the Pan-Pacific Conference held in especially to the women, looking to- Honolulu in August, 1928. Two Chi- ward the time when they may be bet- nese women went as delegates to that ter educated and more helpful citizens. conference to represent China in con- In Economic Independence sidering problems common to all coun- tries bordering on the Pacific.

Economic independence is a third In China, the National Council of concern of China's women today. The Women, organized for the development number of women who earn their own of women along lines of general knowl- living is constantly increasing. Most edge, social, economic and internation- professions are open to them, many al interests takes its place beside sim- are successful business women and the ilar National Councils in thirty-eight social service field has much to offer. other countries in affiliation with the In addition to these openings for International Council of Women. The trained workers there are endless fac- Young Women's Christian Association tories offering means of livelihood for as an international organization joins the less skilled. The development of the association in China with associa- large scale industry in China has given tion centers in forty-four other coun- work to many women. Cotton spin- tries and is an international fellowship ning and weaving, silk reeling, match for women who believe that Christian packing, cigarette wrapping, hosiery principles are at the root of right so- and embroidery works are all possible cial and economic development. Stu- means for at least a partial livelihood. dents in China are linked with student That the conditions under which movements in other countries through such work is done are far more satis- the World Student Christian Federa- factory is the concern of a steadily tion and the Christian movement it- increasing number of women who ap- self brings together Christian women preciate too, the need for education everywhere. Two years ago the Wom- for women and girls in modern indus- en's International League for Peace trial plants in order to prepare them and Freedom sent two representatives for the part that will be theirs in to China, one from England and one China's developing Labor Movement. from France, to acquaint themselves In this emerging Labor Movement with the problems of Chinese women women are being given a chance, but and to assure the women of China of there are as yet few qualified to take the sympathetic interest of women in it. To quote from a Chinese industrial the West.

worker: "The workers as well as those The status of women is changing who are interested in their welfare and it is changing with much less look forward to a genuine movement agitation than has often been possi- headed up by their own leaders and a ble for siIT,lilar changes in western working women's union to work for countries. The methods by which the women's welfare especially under the changes are accomplished are new to leadership of women with industrial the thinking of Chinese women.

employment." Group life and group thinking are in In International Aifairs contrast to the more individual think- ing when women remained so ex- A fourth concern is international in clusively within the walls of their own its nature. Chinese women are coming homes. New problems bring with more and more to have connections them the need for cooperation and for with women in other countries and to the sharing of responsibility. While consider with them questions which numerically speaking it is true that touch on the interests of women the the majority of the women of China world over. Chinese women have been may be living lives little, if at all, af- represented. in a number of interna- fected by the events of the last years,

it is also true that with each step in in charge of Miss Adams and Miss the economic development of the country the results of the revolution be- White. come more far reaching and touch the lives of far more people. It is the * * * ** concern of the women of China today Among those who spoke at the to prepare themselves for the time when the help of the Women's Move- meeting of the Executive Committee ment will be most needed in the reconstruction of the country. were Miss Josephine Schain, secretary NOTES FROM THE MEETING of the National Committee on the of the Executive Committee of the Fed- Cause and Cure of War. Miss Schain eration of Woman's Boards of Foreign Missions of North America, 419 Fout·th gave a brief review of late develop- Avenue, New York City, November 7 and ments in connection with the World 8, 1929. Court and stressed the importance of The annual meeting will be held in Atlantic City at "The Breakers," Jan- keeping in touch with our senators uary 10-14. The theme for this meeting will. be: ."Spiritual Factors in a and congressmen that they may know World of Facts." our desires in regard to the World Miss Elinor White and Miss Alma Adams will be in charge of the wor- Court and World Peace. ship service throughout the Conference, with Miss Sarah Maloy at the Miss Bessie MacMurchy, a member piano. Saturday evening the speakers will tell of the interesting World Con- of the Executive Committee from ferences, the Havana Conference, the World Y. W. C. A., the Institute of Canada, speaking on international re- Pacific Relations, and the Paris Conference. lations work from the point of view Rev. Henry P. VanDusen and Miss of Canadian women, said in part: Helen Calder will have charge of the Sunday morning service. There will "The fact that Canada is a member of be a Vesper Service Sunday afternoon when Miss Bertha Conde will speak. the League of Nations gives much Sunday evening will be given over to four outstanding missionaries who help to us in our peace work. The will speak on "The Spiritual Implications of the Task." League of Nations Society which has Monday morning will be chiefly local branches in many places sends taken up with business, and in the afternoon "The World Federation of out a ·great deal of literature which Christian Women" and the Day of Prayer will be the chief topics for keeps us in close touch with all that consideration, and Miss Margaret Applegarth will have a Story Hour. is being done by the League. The Monday evening will be a gala oc- missionary magazines use this macasion, with a dinner and speeches by the Nationals of various countries, and terial constantly, putting it in form the closing session Tuesday morning will be a business session, ending with for the local women." a season of "Worship Through Music," Mrs. E. H. Silverthorn, chairman of the Committee on International Rela- tions, brought many valuable recom- mendations from her committee, among which are the following: 1. That again we endorse the World Court and use our influence for the ratifications by the Senate of the new Protocol.

2. An active Campaign of Education concerning our relations as a government to the present situation of the World Court, and to the Naval Disarmament Conference to be held in London in January.

3. That the office of the Federation do everything in its power to secure a strong 'delegation of outstanding church women for the Cause and Cure of War Confer- ence in January, and that this Committee cooperate in ways deemed most effective.

4. The endorsement of the Treasure Chest Friendship Project.

5. That the Federation and Boards study carefully the report of the meeting of the Committee of the International Missionary Council, held at Williams- town in July.

WOMAN'S HOME MISSION

EDITED BY FLORENCE E. QUINLAN, 105 East 22d Street, New York Executive Secretarlj, Council of Women for Home Missions SONSHIP opened by singing hymns, followed by God came down from Heaven a Bible story, reading or recitation of verses by the pupils, prayer, then study To teach me how to live; and recitation period from thirty to forty minutes. Memory work was God came down from Heaven often, but not always, followed by play period of ten to twenty minutes and To teach me how to give; singing. We assigned several Psalms for memory work, and each was aided 'God came down from Heaven in selecting Scripture verses of out- standing merit. To help fix them in To teach me how to die; God came down from Heaven To o lift my dreams on high. small, I am big, nor poor nor Since He has thought me worth it all!

-Anne M. Robinson.

WITH THE INDIANS memory we selected verses for each one with initial letters of his name. September, 1928, Miss Helen M. We spent some time memorizing the Brickman's service as national director good old hymns. of Indian Work, Home Missions Council and Council of Women for Home "We offered a prize for best work Missions, began. It is a pleasure to and two prizes were earned. Two present excerpts from reports that girls, one Pima, a Baptist; the other have come to her from local directors Navajo, a Presbyterian, had perfectly of religious education at Government recited all work assigned.

boarding schools and to let our readers "One night I said, 'Tomorrow is see the countenances of those serving. your night to go to the park to the Miss Brickman's picture appeared in band concert; if you wish to go we the May REVIEW. will not have Bible school.' They said, 'We want to have the school and will Mr. J. C. Ross, religious work direc- not go: I insisted that any who wished tor at Albuquerque and Santa Fe, to go to the concert do so and we would writes: "We conducted an interde- have school for the others. Only one nominational vacation Bible school in girl went; all others were at school. June, at request of the pastors of some We asked them as closing time drew of the Albuquerque churches, for chil- near whether or not they wanted dren of the congregations partici- school to close, so they could have more pating, several children from other time for play in the evening. Everychurches and quite a number gathered one said, 'We want the school to hold in who had no church or Sunday- longer.' school connection.

"Immediately after closing this work we opened an evening school in the "Mrs. Ross arranged a little mis- girls' sitting room at Albuquerque In- sionary pageant, with candles and dian School. Meetings were held five flags of many nations for the closing evenings each week from 7 : 00 to 9: 00. evening. One character was to be an The children were so eager we could American Indian and carry the United hardly get them to go when closing States flag. No one was willing to act time came. With exception of one girl the Indian. At last a Hopi boy said given an outing after she enrolled and he would. He costumed and rehearsed.

one little boy who came only a few He also costumed on the evening of times and then dropped out, we had the play, but instead of filing in with almost perfect attendance. the others, jumped out of the window.

"We had no stated program; usually It was easy to get a Japanese, a Turk, 59

an Austrian or anything else, but no one wanted to play the Indian.

"Saturday follcwing the close, in a truck from the school, we went up the Rio Grande to a nice grove; there had a fine afternoon. Weiners, onions, pickles, coffee and watermelons were served.

"Three weeks in August were spent similarly at Santa Fe. Neither group was willing to quit when closing time came. Nearly all attending were earn- est in study and pleasant in disposi- tion. Only those who wished to come J. c. noss A. A. VAN SICKLE were there; no urgency was used. We have made the usual trips to Santa Fe though we need hymn books badly we this fall and are finding the same have done nothing about them. The hearty cooperation that has always hymn books furnished by the school been extended. They did not get the are not allowed to be taken from the additional grade added, so we lost our Chapel.

leaders among the pupils. Others will "Had a busy day yesterday, taught develop, however." six classes; will have a busy day to- In the July issue there was a pic- morrow, Sunday."

ture of seventy-six young people of Rev. J. M. Hinds, pastor of the Con- Haskell Institute, Lawrence, Kansas, gregational Church in Genoa, Nebras- who were received into Protestant ka who serves part time at the school churches at Easter. A September there, sends an interesting calculation: letter from Rev. A. A. Van Sickle, our "Looking over record of attendance at director, says: weekday religious instruction at Genoa "For the past month I have been just Indian School for a recent month, I about swamped, and it looks as if I find total attendance at classes 1,015.

would be for some time yet. Our work Expense was $33.33, or 3% cents per is starting out in a fine way. There is unit hour of worship and instruction.

such a good wholesome spirit mani- Should we include two addresses at fested by the whole student body this Sunday evening assembly at the school year. There never has been in the his- (average attendance 525), expense tory of the Indian a s.tudent body as would be cut in half or would be prac- large as the one at Haskell which is as tically 1Y2 cents per unit hour. On far advanced educationally. Most stu- this basis it cost the church in Genoa dents here are high school and junior twenty times as much to provide unit college grade. We are trying to make hour under the same leadership and our religious program a regular part much of it identical in character."

of the whole school program, and I A Sisseton Indian, Mr. Isaac Grey- think we are getting somewhere with earth, is religious work director at it. We have over 450 Protestant stu- Pipestone, Minn., and Flandreau, S.

dents enrolled in our religious educa- Dak., also serving the rural depart- tion classes this year. ment of the International Committee, "We have chosen for textbook, 'The Y. M. C. A. in work with the boys and Bible: Story and Content,' by Calvin young men on reservations.

Weiss Laufer. We have arranged for The "Personals" column, November three students to use one book. Since REVIEW noted appointment of Rev.

they recite only once each week we Floyd O. Burnett as director of re- think this will be satisfactory. If it ligious education at Sherman Institute, is not we may need enough more books Riverside, California. We hope later so that two students use one book. AI- to give items from him.

WOMAN'S HOME MISSION BULLETIN fi1

A . GRAHAM ROWLAND ISAAC GREYEARTH FLOYD O. BURNETT J. ~L HINDS Theodore Roosevelt School, Fort showed them how they could build one Apache, Arizona has a new religious side so much longer than the others work director, Miss A. Graham Row- that the whole triangle would be land, necessitated by resignation and spoiled. Perhaps they did not undermarriage of Mil'S Bessie Kniffen. Miss stand all of it but when asked to sign Rowland writes of first experiences: their names if they wanted to join, every girl there, twenty-five in all. "Mr. and Mrs. Fred Young (Bessie signed up and I trust that through Kniffen and husband) left this morn- this organization we can lead these ing. I begin my first report by telling girls closer and closer to our Master. of the chive'fa with which the bridal couple were received. It was my first "This month has been fuJi of new such experience so I guess I enjoyed it faces, new experiences, new places. more than most of them, though every- The children are beginning to accept one was there from superintendent to me now, especially the girls, and we missionary. It began after the lights have many jolly games of 'Cat and went out, with guns, bells, whistles Rat' together. Several teachers have and pans being shot, rung, blown and let me visit their rooms and that helps beaten in front of the couple's room. in getting acquainted with the chil- They finally appeared and rode burroes dren. The employees have been very down the middle of the road to one of nice to me too; I think they will be the other houses. There the whole nice to work with. I have also met the crowd assembled and were 'set up' by employees at White River-the Indian the bride and groom. They were pre- school four miles from here. Two pared with ice cream, cakes and candy. weeks ago, four of us from the Fort hiked over, met a group of the White "The head matron and I met with River employees half way and had 6th, 7th and 8th grade girls and or- supper together. We had a jolly time ganized a Girl Reserve group. I drew and decided then and there to do it a tepee on the board and asked what again real soon. it stood for. I drew a tree and asked what that stood for. Then I drew a "Fort Apache is still wonderful to blue triangle and tried to tell them me and I wonder each day what good what that stood for,-a group of girls just like themselves who wanted to things wiII happen. I feel like the poet have good times together, to learn new things, to have strong bodies and alert who says, minds, to learn more about Jesus and to live like Him. I told them that each The day wiII bring some lovely thing, side of the triangle stood for some- I say it over each new dawn; thing-body, mind and spirit-and Some gay adventurous thing to hold Against my heart when it is gone. And so I rise and go to meet The day with wings upon my feet,

AMERICA viously religion was taboo, but now

is recognized as a fundamental and Peruvian Spreads the Gospel eternal phenomenon of human life. Eminent thinkers like Antonio Caso MR. JOHN RITCHIE, a Scotch mis- and Jose Vasconcelos of Mexico, Mari- sionary in Lima, Peru, publishes ano Iberico Rodriguez of Lima Unian evangelical paper called Renacie- versity, the President of Buenos Ayres menta ("Regeneration"). Some months University, and the poetess Gabriela ago a man in northern Peru, who had Mistral of Chile have all dealt with heard of this paper from a passing religious themes in their recent publitraveler, wrote to Senor Juan Retcher, cations. Protestant Archbishop of Lima, sending for sample copies and for Scrip- In most of the South American tures. After reading them he consti- countries the newspapers and reviews tuted himself an agent for securing readily publish articles on religious subscriptions,' and for his pains has topics. Catholic evangelization is been put in prison twice by fanatical making a rapid progress in the larger authorities. Nothing daunted, he con- cities and the mass of the people is tinues his work and has already touch- taking more and more interest in the ed a whole series of towns and villages life of Jesus. There is, however, one around his own town, Chiquian. disturbing factor – the Latin Amer- Among those he has been able to in- ican peoples are showing strong interest is a young fellow whose father clination for Theosophy and Spiritism. came back years ago from the coast In Chile, Mexico and Brazil, Theosophy with a Bible, telling his little son that has already become a serious rival to the friars did not teach the way of Christianity. – Information Service, truth, but that it could be found in the World's Committee, Y. M. C. A. book he had bought. Lately this boy, now grown to manhood, journeyed on Famine in Porto Rico foot nine days to Huacho, there taking the train to Lima where he marched CONDITIONS in Porto Rico are into Mr. Ritchie's church in sandals vividly described by Governor and poncho, and, doffing his great hat, Theodore Roosevelt in the New York asked that some one be sent to instruct Herald Tribune. The population dehimself and his neighbors in his far- pends mainly on agriculture. Average away mountain town in evangelical earnings are only $150 a year. The truth. Mr. Ritchie affirms that there hurricane a year ago destroyed $80,- are dozens of little groups scattered 000,000 worth of property, fruit trees through Peru that would soon grow and coffee plantations. People from into strong evangelical churches, if the farms who corne into the towns in native preachers could be sent to them. the hope of finding employment and -So S. Times. food make the situation even worse than it already was. Housing facili- Spiritual Springtime ties are "woefully inadequate." Dis- ease is increasing, both because of the DR. JOHN A. MACKAY writes in over-crowding and because the Health World Dominion that the univer- Department lacks funds to cope with sities of Latin America have finally conditions. The Red Cross estimates thrown off the burden of materialistic that 60% of the children of the Island philosophy that has weighed heavily are undernourished, a large number on that continent for so long. Pre- 62

1930J WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

of whom are "literally starving." The ganization encouraging and making infant mortality rate is approximately possible, by bringing the cost within two and a half times that of the the means of the average Christian United States. "Tuberculosis is one worker, the reverent study of the of our worst menaces, and under the Bible in the land of its birth. present condition of affairs is fastening on the children, who have no The field department, with headstrength to resist it." quarters in Jerusalem, is the central feature of the Institute's activities. Religion in Canal Zone Its objective is to conduct parties through the Holy Land. Classes are THE religious life in the Panama held at the main stopping places in Canal Zone is rather unique. the Holy Land as well as in the rural While there are two Episcopal churches districts. A short course aimed to and one Baptist church as well as give a sound background to the Holy Catholic churches for the Americans Scriptures from the standpoint of living there, there is a system of union geography, topography and customs of churches affiliated with the Federal the people is the paramount feature. Council of Churches of Christ in The business department, located at America. These four churches are dis- the Bible House, New York, assists tributed at different points on the and cooperates with the work of the Zone, Cristobal, Gatun, Pedro Miguel, field department. – Federal Council and Balboa. These, while having their Bulletin. local church councils, are in turn regulated by a central council and work D. V. B. S. in Palestine in the greatest harmony. Two of the four churches have fine buildings. I N 1928 four Vacation Bible Schools The advocates of church unity can be were held in Palestine; the past proud of the system and its results. year the number increased to four- One of these churches has a Chinese teen. The first school of this kind was Bible class. The four churches unite held in Ramallah in 1925, but in 1929 in a missiouary work being done for they were in most of the important the natives at David, on the Pacific centers of Palestine and Transjorcoast north of Panama City. The dania. The total enrolment has reached Wesleyan Methodist Episcopal Church 674; forty-five teachers have given has missions for the colored people at their time freely in this service. Panama City, Colon, Paraiso, and There is nothing denominational or Gatun. The Baptists have a similar sectarian about the Daily Vacation work for the colored people. In each Bible School Movement, and three of case a superintendent (white) has the schools have been entirely in the charge, with colored pastors in the hands of members of the Greek Ortholocal churches.-C. E. World. dox Church.

WESTERN ASIA One of the most gratifying features of this work is that those who are Toward Understanding the Bible taking part in it-as well as those who are benefiting from it-belong to so To THE many Bible stUdents, many different sections. The teachers clergymen and laymen, limited in are pupils of many different mission time and money but desirous of com- schools; the buildings occupied have ing into a more intimate understand- been lent by different bodies; while ing of the Holy Scriptures, the Travel all branches of the Protestant Church, Institute of Bible Research is render- as well as the Greek Orthodox Coming a service of exceptional value. munity are anxious to help in the movement in one way or another. In Having its genesis in a demand for one school at least a Moslem girl has authentic evangelical leadership in the offered her services as a teacher and historical, geographical and archreo- will help with the teaching of handlogical background of the Scriptures, craft.-Bible Lands S. S. News. the Institute is a noncommercial or-

CHINA and by generous contributions from both Chinese and English in Hong- A Benevolent Railway kong. The site of twenty-five acres on which the school stands was given MANCHURIA is an important field free of cost by the British Govern- for Christian work, made acces- ment. The college provides a Chrissible by the cooperation of the South tian education on modern lines for the Manchuria Ry. Co., some of .whose sons of well-to-do Chinese. Accommoofficials are Christian. This company dation has been provided for one hungives a 50,% discount on tickets to all dred boarders. In the school may be Christian workers living in Manchuria found a large number of non-Christian and passes to those who come in from boys, drawn from the official, comoutside. The three Christian organi- mercial, professional and other leading zations doing the most extensive work classes, both from China itself and are the Presbyterian, Congregational Chinese communities overseas. – The and Methodist Churches. In addition Christian. to these, there are the Anglican Church, the Salvation Army and the Chaplin Memorial Boat Y. M. C. A. I N THE autumn of 1926 the contract At Newchwang, first Manchurian was let for a boat, to be used for port opened to foreign trade, there is evangelistic itineration purposes, as a a well organized, active group of in- memorial to Rev. Maxwell Chaplin, of fluential Christians who hold their Showchow, Kiangan Mission, China, meetings in a rented building. Their who died July 20th of that year from evangelistic spirit is strong and, led Asiatic cholera. This boat has now by their pastor, they are growing in been completed and dedicated. The numbers, as well as working and name Baoling, Mr. Chaplin's Chinese praying earnestly for the erection of name, is cut in large Chinese chara church building. At Darien, where acters on either side of the boat outthe Japanese population is 80,000, the side, and colored bright red. The four pastor and his wife have led their peo- shields of the windows, on the outside, ple to build a beautiful church during are cut with six characters each. their three years of service. They Translated, they read: have increased the membership from a mere handful to 196. There were "The Cross Saves Utterly." 51 baptisms last year. "At a Word the Wind and Waves The South Manchuria Railway Were Stilled." maintains, in the various cities of this land, such constructive institutions as "The Great God, the Living God, a Social Service Bureau, Domestic the True God." Science and other schools, hospitals, libraries and clubs. Manchuria has a "Created Us, Loved Us, Saved Us." Japanese popUlation of 200,000. – A short history of Mr. Chaplin's Korea Mission Field. life, in Chinese characters, hangs on the front side of the cabin. Under it New Public School is a place for his picture. On the op- posite side is a map in colors showing T AST May the new buildings of St. the course of the Hwai River, with L Stephen's College, Hongkong, an the railroad from about fifty miles north of Fengpu to Nanking, all institution of the Church Missionary small rivers in· the district, mountains, Society, were occupied, the foundation lakes, villages where there are groups stone having been laid by the Governor of worshipers, centers where there are of Hongkong in April, 1928. The organized churches and small villages new buildings were erected at a cost stilI unreached by the Gospel.-Presof £40,000, the money having been byterian World News. raised by the sale of the old buildings

1930J WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

"'Nouriah Sou.l" CODvention joy far greater respect than would be expected" on a comparison of numbers, THE Pooi Ling (Nourish Soul) declares Rev. Michael Becker, Evan- Convention at Hongkong is more gelical Lutheran pastor in that land, and more being recognized as a fixed as reported in Neues Leben (Ljubl- institution, interdenominational in jana). Pastor Becker stated that he character, and groups of Christian was able to report "generally satisfac- workers, as well as individuals tory conditions" throughout the Prot- throughout the south look forward estant churches of Jugoslavia. "Aside with much expectation to this annual from financial means we are in a posi- meeting. This is a ten days' gather- tion to cultivate evangelical undering of Chinese pastors, preachers, standing and evangelical thought and teachers, Bible women, and a repre- life among the church members and sentative company of laymen from the awaken interest and goodwill for various churches in the district. A Protestantism among the remaining similar convention was more repre- population." As an indication of the sentative, there being some two hun- loyalty and willingness to sacrifice on dred from various parts of the prov- the part of church members, Pastor ince, in addition to hundreds from Becker points out that in his church Canton and its suburbs. Among district 25,000 members of the Luththose from the country were seventy eran Church capable of earning their Bible women .in connection with the own living contribute annually about Federation of Churches, who attended $90,000 for current expenses and in a body, preferring to rise early and $18,000 for benevolences, which inmake an hour's tramp, in order to save cludes the maintenance of a Lutheran bus fare for the offering. The num- deaconess home, orphans' homes, hosber of young people in attendance was pitals and homes for the aged and encouraging.-AUiance Week~y. poor. Out of 70 preaching stations, 35 are vacant. Because of great dis- EUROPE tances to be traveled and lack of ade- quate railways and other means of Buddhist Temple in London transportation, some groups of Luth- erans often remain unvisited by pas- THE first Buddhist temple in London tors for years.-Bulletin. is to be built in the West End. A site has been acquired, and the temple John Eliot's Bible will be modeled on that of the famous Caves of Ajanta in Hyderabad, be- A BATTERED Old Testament which lieved to date from 200 B. C. John Eliot caused to be printed in an Indian language, and which he At a public meeting in Colombo it used in mission work among the was decided to send three priests to American Indians, has been discovered London, where it is estimated there by chance on a musty book shelf in are about 500 Buddhists. A wealthy Exeter Cathedral. Printed in strange Ceylonese, who has given 75,000 rupees characters, the book is dated 1661 and ($37,500) toward the establishment of was published by Samuel Green of the temple, is meeting the expenses of Cambridge, Mass. The entire text is sending the priests. in an American Indian language, and is the earliest instance of pUblication London already has a Moslem mos- of a retranslation of the English Bible que, and the Nizan of Hyderabad has in a foreign tongue as a means of promised five lakhs of rupees (about evangelization. Eliot, named "The $137,500) towards the fund which is Apostle to the Indians," having acbeing raised for building another.- quired the language of the Indians of Revord of Christian Work. the region in twenty-three years of toil among them, published the trans- "Minority" Respected TWO hundred and thirty-five thou- sand Protestants out of a population of 12,000,000 in Jugoslavia, "en- S

lation, said to be the first book printed liberty of Protestant churches in Italy, in the Indian language and the first it is gratifying to note that the Synod Bible printed in America. of the Waldensian Church at its an- nual meeting in September, 1929, A Society for the Propagation of adopted the following message to the Gospel among the Indians was Premier Mussolini: formed in' London in 1649, and annually sent Eliot money to supplement To His Excellency, the Head of the Govthe salary he received from the church ernment, The Honorable B. MU88olini, at Roxbury, Mass., where he settled Rome: after coming to New England in 1631. -N. Y. Times. The Waldensian Synod, assembled in its annual session at Torre Pellice, con- French Mission Hospital stituted by the representatives of all the evangelical Waldensian churches, with THE Mission Hospital of the French delegates present from the principal Southeast Mission, located at Dig- evangelical churches of the world, has nes, Basses-Alps, France, and under learned with great satisfaction of the the direction of the well-known Hugue- promulgation of the law of June 24, not Christians M. and Mme. Henri 1929, No. 1159, on the exercise of the Contesse, has been in operation but religious forms of service, "admitted" in eight months. In that time a number the state; and, while it expresses its of patients have been treated, and gratitude to His Excellency, the head of many conversions have taken place. the National Government, for solemnly The hospital is a distinctly Christian reaffirming, by it, the great principals of and missionary institution, and is civilization, which under our common manned by a staff that is one hundred law, such as the freedom of conscience per cent evangelical and evangelistic. and of worship, equality of all citizens Daily prayers are held, attended by before the law, whatever their religious all patients who are able.. profession, free discussion on religious matters, invokes the blessing of the Al- In connection with this Mission mighty on the Head of the Government there is also an orphanage, where the and on our country, that she may prosper children of Protestant parents are re- and grow great, for the good of all her ceived and brought up in the Christian sons. faith. Recently there came to the mission two little Armenian girls, The President of the Synod, aged nine and eleven, absolutely homeless and friendless. Their father had GurSEPPE FASULO. been killed by the Turks before their very eyes, and their mother, an exile His excellency caused this message in France, had died of cancer. They to be sent to the newspapers throughwere welcomed to this orphanage, and out Italy, and it was circulated everymade a part of the happy family of where and aroused great interest. little orphans who are being brought La Stampa, of Turin, sent a reporter up in the nurture and admonition of at once by automobile, 37 miles, to the Lord.-Evangelical Christian. interview the Moderator of the Synod and gave prominence to his report. Action of Synod o:f the Waldensian First Atheist Univeroity Church, Italy THE first anti-religious university THERE are over 100,000 Walden- in the world was opened at Lenin- sians, comprising more than two grad, October 10, with elaborate cerethirds of the 150,000 Protestants, or monies. Named aft e r Stepanoff less than one half of one per cent of Skvortsoff, pioneer atheist in Russia, the 41,000,000 population of Italy. In the anniversary of whose death ocview of the widespread anxiety as to curred on this date, the new university the effect of the concordat between the began its sessions with 300 students, Vatican and the Government upon the forty-seven being women. The insti- tution, its founders say, is intended to prepare a large body of anti-religion- ists and active propagandists of mili- tant atheism.

In opening the university, Professor Bogoraz of the Russian Academy of

1930J WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

Science, declared that at the present stone missed, falling into the water.

time, "when the church is attempting Bolshevist persecution is bitter. A to regain its lost power in Russia," a new institution in Russia is the read- relentless struggle based upon strict ing room in the villages. One who has science must be carried on against re- entered many of them says that, apart ligion. Following the action of Lenin- from Soviet propaganda, the only lit- grad in creating an anti-religious uni- erature is of an indecent character.

versity, the Society of Militant Parents who forbid their children to Atheists opened a similar institute in go to these reading rooms are punished Mcscow. The students, who number with imprisonment.-S. S. Times.

more than 400, will have as their in- structors Mme. Lenin, Commissar of ISLANDS Health Semashko, and a number of other prominent Soviet leaders. – N. Another Unreached Tribe Y. Times. T HE Crane Pacific Expedition for the Field Museum of Natural His- tory for Chicago recently visited New Russian Evangelical Activity THE Tartars of Kasan are descend- Guinea, the second largest island in ants of the Golden Horde of Geng- the world. In the heart of the island his Khan and are Mohammedans. The they discovered a people, which they evangelical movement is beginning to claim to be of a stone-age civilization, reach them. A Tartar by the name of who had never laid eyes upon a white Krissof received a copy of a Gospel man. They are said to be "savage and while in the army, and was profoundly primitive, wearing few clothes and stirred by reading it. Coming home brilliant bird – of – paradise feathers after the war he strayed into a prayer stuck in their woolly hair. Some of house of evangelical Christians in the tribesmen paint themselves' in Kasan and was converted. In 1921 he stripes of red, black and yellow, and returned home and started meetings others scar themselves with flints or in his village of Kibech. A revival by fire."-Alliance Weekly.

broke out and at present there are twenty-six baptized members in the New Hebrides Synod T church that he formed, with fifteen HIS Synod met at Aneityum June 16th to 20th. The Rev. J. C. Rae, waiting for baptism. The Gospel has already spread to other Tartar vil- Erromanga, was nominated as Mod- lages, and many Tartars have become erator. Appreciation of money gifts Christians in the Trans-Caucasus, from the Presbyterian Church in Can- Turkestan, Caucasus and the Crimea. ada and an anonymous donor in New In Lake Pskov is an island called Zealand was minuted. Gratification Zalito, inhabited by illiterate fisher- was expressed that there has been a men. So ignorant are the people that marked decrease in the central islands when, in cholera times, physicians of the groups in the supplying of were sent .thither for their assistance liquor to natives. The Synod strongly they were driven out with threats of expressed the view that the interests drowning. A little group of six were of good order demand amendment of converted here and abandoned vodka the Code of native law regarding and ribaldry. When Morgunoff, a morals. The old native law and cus- Christian evangelist, came to preach tom demands a higher standard than to them, a drunken crowd tried to kill the European definitions embodied in him, but Morgunoff's wise and kindly the Code prescribed, and the enforc- words disarmed them. On entering a ing of the lower standard of that code boat to return home, he noticed a on the natives is inimical to their in- woman slipping along the shore who terests. Recognizing immorality as a threw an enormous stone at him. The factor of depopulation in the New woman aimed at his head, but the Hebrides, the Synod urgently presses

the need for reform on the Condo- services held once or twice a month. minium legislature. It also complains At present, in everyone of these scatthat the government is somewhat spas- tered districts there are churches, modic in its efforts to suppress sale of more or less self-supporting, and each liquor to natives. Valiant medical and a center of evangelizing influence.- educational work is reported, and that The Christian. evangelistic work wins converts, and baptisms of adults and young are re- NORTH AMERICA ported at nearly every station. Mr. A. K. Langridge was congratulated on Systematic Bible Study his completion of forty years of unselfish service as honorary secretary AS A PART of the movement for of the John G. Paton Committee Fund. ft the encouragement of systematic -Quarterly Register. reading and study of the Bible, the American Home Bible Institute is Whole Island Converted sponsoring the formation of "Around- the-table" groups in hom e sand GoNAVE is a large island fifty by churches. The course selected for twelve miles, in the Bay of Port- 1930, and now ready for use, is au-Prince, Haiti, about twenty-eight "Studies in the Life of the Christian," miles from the mainland. In one year taking up in order Christ the Great seventeen missionary stations have Teacher, the Christian's God, the been established there, with a preach- Christian man, his fellow man, his ing place and a primary school in each. faith, Book, prayer, service, church, Thus 3,000 believers have been en- home, business world, society, state rolled as members of the congregation. and home, in a series of fourteen The inhabitants, numbering some studies, with :final review. The Insti- 12,000, are abandoning voodoo fetish- tute recommends small groups of three ism and worship of the great serpent to ten members, and the course is so god. The people are eager to learn to arranged that the members may, if read. Last year 100 Bibles, 200 Testa- they desire, take turns in conducting ments, and 2,000 Gospels were bought the sessions. The Institute's creditby them.-Sunday-School Times. certificate, applicable towards the dip- loma, will be issued upon completion Inland AUlitralia of the course on the same basis as for completion of prescribed work in the QUEENSLAND, Australia, has an full curriculum. area equal to the former empires of Austria and Germany, and eight The American Home Bible Institute, times that of Great Britain. In the now in its twelfth year, is an associacapital, Brisbane, there is a popula- tion of Christian workers, having its tion of about 300,000, while over the headquarters at the home of its presiremainder of the State, in cities of dent, Mr. E. W. Collamore, 837 Allison from five to fifteen thousand, and in Street, Washington, D. C., conducting tiny townships and in a multitude of full courses of Bible reading and lonely homesteads another half-million study, and having students in nearly of men, women and children are scat- every state of the Union and in Cantered, a large proportion of these last ada. being emigrants from England. Many live remote from any railhead, and Gains of Japanese Methodists from five to fifty miles from the nearest post office, school or church. I N VIEW of the discouraging returns Twenty years ago the Baptists under- on membership from many of the took to evangelize these back blocks, annual conferences, there is encourageand within a few years six or seven ment in the gains reported by the mission centers were created, with Paci:fic Japanese Mission. Small as it is, it made more of a net gain in mem- bership than the California Conference

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

during the past year. The Conference evangel booklets and 20,436 pocket lost about 200 members, while the treasurys, besides Gospels and tracts. Mission gained 221 members. The This literature is sent free to all Mission also gained 366 Sunday-school teachers willing to cooperate with the pupils and its World service offerings Association in its careful distribution advanced from $2,958 to $3,130. There and use. are 3,681 in its Sunday-schools and 1,825 full members in the churches. All scholars who memorize and re- Three years ago there were 17 Japa- cite the Twenty-third Psalm and John nese pastors on the list, and one sec- 3: 14-21 are given a cloth-bound copy ond generation worker. This year 25 of John, and all who read the Gospel pastors, five second generation work- of John and memorize the Bible verses ers, and five special evangelists were printed on a little tract entitled "Four given appointments by the bishop. Of Things that God Wants You to Know," the four young men who were ordained are presented with a copy of the New at the recent session of the Mission, Testament. two are graduates of Boston Univercity School of Theology. This literature is eagerly received, and numerous reports of blessing are Negro Education coming from teachers. Hundreds of boys and girls are memorizing the por- T HERE are in thirty-nine Negro tions suggested. The Association is and sixty-five Northern colleges and endeavoring to reach at least 3,000 of universities a total of 19,253 Negro these mountain schools this fall and students, while from these same insti- winter at an average expense of five tutions there were graduated with de- dollars each. gree's during the last commencement season a total of 2,160 men and wom- Filipino Students Hold Conference en, according to the August numher of The Crisis. These encouraging rev- THE recent Executive Board Conelations are found in an article in that ference of the Filipino Students' issue entitled, "The Year of Educa- Christian Movement in America was tion, 1929," which is the eighteenth held in Upper Montclair, New Jersey, annual report of progress in education September 13-14, with eleven in atamong Negroes. From the thirty-nine tendance. Every member had some- Negro colleges, most of them located thing to say on the topics discussed in the South, there graduated last year and said it with clarity. Subjects dis- 1,776 men and women, and in those cussed included: How can we secure schools there is a total of 16,982 stu- a sufficient number of well qualified dents of college rank. From northern members for Christian leadership? colleges and universities 294 Negroes How can we help to deepen their graduated in 1929 and there is a total Christian convictions so that when of 2,271 Negro students in these they return home they will actively schools. The figures are the result of lend their services to the churches' a nation-wide inquiry made by The work in the Islands? What responsi- Crisis. bilities and opportunities does the F. S. C. M. offer to its members ?-Bul- letin.

Christian Literature for Mountaineers Decade of Cooperation T HE Bible Institute Colportage As- T HE completion of ten years of serv- sociation of Chicago has recently ice by the Home Missions Council mailed large quantities of its Christian of Montana calls attention to one of literature to 700 or more schools in the most promising experiments in cothe mountains of Kentucky, West Vir- operation in home missionary work on ginia and Tennessee. These shipments a state-wide basis. Organized in 1919, consisted of 12,570 copies of the Moody by representatives of the national Colportage Library books, 16,390 home mission boards, it has concen-

trated attention upon securing a more iliary toward the Student Rotary Loan effective distribution of the religious Fund, and this amount is either in forces of the state, the home mission- hand or in outstanding loans to be kept ary superintendents working out a in circulation as repaid. The school comprehensive allocation of territory enrolment for the present semester is in such a way as to provide for the in excess of 50, making a total since effective churching of all areas. In the first of April of the present year general, the principle followed was of over 100.-Presbyterian Banner. that of assigning a territory to the church nearest at hand and already Centennial Celebrated most interested in the field. What has been done in Montana has been a THE First Presbyterian Church of stimulus to cooperative endeavors in Pittsburgh celebrated early in Nomany other areas. – Federal Council vember the one hundredth anniversary Bulletin. of the organization of its first mis- sionary society. An appropriate his- Eager for the Bible torical sermon was preached by the pastor, Dr. Clarence E. Macartney. MR. UNOURA, pastor of the Dis- The first society was organized in 1829 ciples Japanese Church in Los by Jane Craig, Hannah Laughlin and Angeles, is rejoicing in a new oppor- Susan Irwin. A short time later, the tunity which has opened up. A group Western Presbyterian Missionary Soof mothers who gather in a home for ciety was organized; and Harmar regular sewing classes have asked Mr. Denny, for many years a member of Unoura to come and give them a Bible Congress from Pittsburgh and an elder study twice a month as they meet. in the First Church, was president of Several of these are kindergarten the society until it was changed to the mothers and several are Christians, Board of Foreign Missions of the but none of them have any other op- Presbyterian Church. The first misportunity for such study because, like sionaries sent out by the church were most mothers of small children, they former members of the First Presbycannot come to church early. Eleven terian Church. Among them were were present at the first study.- John C. Lowrie, pioneer of Presby- World Call. terian missions in India; Albert O. Johnson, killed at Cawnpore during Sehool Changes Name the Sepoy mutiny in 1857; John Cloud, a martyr in Africa, and Wells T HE Presbyterian Training School Bushnell and Joseph Keer, pioneers in of Chicago has not only a new en- missionary work with the North vironment in its occupancy of the new American Indians. In the First property at 815 Belden Avenue, but it Church were also organized the is now ready to announce a new name. Western Foreign Missionary Societies, By action of the board of directors and the Synod of Pittsburgh, the Board of approved by the Board of Christian Home Missions, Western Theological Education, the name of the school will Seminary and the University of Pittsbe changed to The College of Christian burgh, together with many other re- Education. Three students have gone ligious and philanthropic societies.- from the school during the calendar Presbyterian Banner. year into the foreign field of missions and one more is now in training. Sev- JAPAN eral other students have been placed in strategic positions as directors of Japan Still Resents American Exclureligious education and church secretaries in some of the best churches of sion Act the denomination, while others have been placed in important positions I N VIEW of the impression in Amerwith the Board of National Missions. ica that the Japanese have ceased Approximately $1,500 has been con- to resent the clause in the Selective tributed through the Woman's Aux- Immigration Act passed by the Con- gress of the United States ir. 1924, it

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

is interesting to note that, at the meet- Setting up as our ideal a Christian ing of The Institute of Pacific Rela- social order in which God is recognized tions in Kyoto, Japan, October 28, as Father and humanity is interrelated 1929, a statement read on behalf of as brothers, we firmly believe in the prin- Viscount Shibusawa of Japan declared ciples of love, justice and fraternalism as that "the controversy arising from set forth by Christ. American immigration legislation in 1924 is not closed. The wound so Believing that this can only be realized needlessly inflicted on our national through cooperation and mutual love on honor is still open and will remain the part of individuals and organizations, open until the matter has been rightly we are opposed to every kind of masettled. terialistic education, thought and move- ment. We reject all social reconstruction "I think it necessary to make this based on class struggle and revolutionary plain statement because there seems to methods. We are likewise opposed to rebe an impression in America that the actionary oppression. incident is as good as forgotten in Japan. This erroneous impression is In conformity with these ideals we addoubtless due to our courtesy and vocate the following matters: reticence on this subject in conversing with American visitors." Equal rights and equal opportunities. Nondiscriminatory treatment of na- Kagawa's Pre~ching tions and races. The sanctity of marriage, equal re- SEPTEMBER 1, more than 500,000 sponsibility of both men and women re- people gathered in the Honjo garding chastity and improvement of Square of Tokyo to celebrate the sixth home life. anniversary of the great earthquake. The betterment of the status of wom- The mayor addressed 2,000 people in en in the educational, social, political and the Honjo Public Hall; he spoke ori industrial world. national diligence and perseverance Respect for the personality of the during the years of reconstruction. child, the prohibition of child labor and Other speakers followed, and the crowd the extension of the period of compulsory became extremely bored. However, education. The diffusion of a thorough the moment Mr. Kagawa, the famous vocational education. Christian evangelist, rose to speak, The enactment of a law making Sunthe atmosphere changed, faces bright- day a public rest day (with the expectaened up and everyone became ani- tion that wages will be paid). mated. For nearly an hour he kept The abolishment of the system of pubhis audience spellbound. His message, lic prostitution and the complete regula- "The Spirit of Reconstruction," was a tion of all similar trades. religious one and the proletarian The promotion of national prohibition. crowd in holiday mood had expected The enactment of a minimum wage, something very different, but none the peasants' welfare and social insurance less Kagawa's burning words went Jaws. deep into the heart of his audience. Legislation and equipment promoting The very same evening his preaching public hygiene. at the Industrial Y. M. C. A. of Honjo Government subsidy for the betterbrought over some thirty-four con- ment of housing conditions. verts to Christianity. The encouragement of producers and consumers cooperative associations. Social Creed for Japan The establishment of a suitable agency to attain harmonious relations between THE All-Japan Christian Conference employees and employers. asked the National Christian Coun- The enactment of a reasonable workcil to formulate and issue a social ing day. creed. The Council's committee there- The betterment of home industries and fore drew up the following tentative the improvement of equipment in facdraft: tories. The enactment of a higher progressive tax rate for incomes and inheritances. The realization of a warless world.

-Christian Intelligencer and Mission Field.

Reaching the Lepers THREE young students in the Epis- copal Divinity School in south Japan, too far from home to return there during the Christmas holidays

last year, were asked by Bishop Lea to attendance. The largest enrolment is undertake a missionary journey to the that of Waseda University which, in- island of Tanegashima, where the cluding its higher department, has Japanese Church has mission work. 11,066 students. Nihon University Their special object was to visit the enrolls 9,857, though quite a large lepers. The climate is supposed to be number of these are in the classes of good for sufferers from leprosy, so the night school. Keio University has that the number on this island is 9,187 students and the Imperial Uni- larger than in some other parts of versity 8,434. Conservatively speak- Japan. The island is forty-five miles ing, these schools enroll a total of long and about ten miles wide. The 100,000 stUdents, or about one twenty- three students divided it into sections fifth of the whole population of 2,400,- and went off separately, meeting at 000 in Tokyo.

intervals to compare reports. It is intended to carry out a very They found the lepers living in careful study with regard to plans for miserable little huts, hiding themselves more effectively strengthening the as much as possible. They had spent places where Christian efforts are al- what little money they had on patent ready being made, as well as for enter- medicines, without results. It re- ing those schools where Christian quired much patience and tact on the work has not yet found an opening.

part of the 'students to reach them Twenty-four schools have Y. M. C. A.

with a Christian message, and with organizations where Christian work is the information that new methods of carried on – including Bible classes.

treating the disease hold out some Two others have the beginning of such hope. A clergyman on the island some organization. In ten others, Bible years ago had made arrangements to classes are held with more or less reg- have the lepers visit a doctor on the ularity and success. No others have island, for injections, but through organized Christian work. – World ignorance and fear few have done so. Call.

The doctor himself believes that the Christian message must be delivered Kingdom of God Campaign first, and urged the students to find a A LAYMEN'S Mass Meeting was Christian worker for these sufferers. held in Tokyo, November 6, in connection with the commemoration of The names of the three students the 70th anniversary of the opening were Paul, Barnabas and John. Two of Protestant Missions in Japan. The were from the northern island of Hok- purpose of this meeting was to mobilkaido, and the third came from Brazil.

ize the laity of the church for the Christian Effort for Students Kingdom of God Campaign, to be F OR some time there has been a launched in January, 1930. feeling among Christian workers in The following five Commissions Tokyo that more direct and effective were set up: efforts should be made to reach stu- (a) Commission on General Affairs, dents in the higher schools. A some- to serve as a cabinet, having general what hasty survey revealed that in charge of all matters relating to the Tokyo alone are fifty higher schools- campaign.

that is, schools above the grade of (b) Commission on Evangelism, to high schools, including several uni- help plan local campaigns, select versities. Of these, fifteen are gov- speakers, organize prayer bands, and ernment schools, four are Christian, make suitable plans regarding other three are Buddhist, one is a Shinto matters.

school-the others are private schools. (c) Commission on Publicity, to Twenty-one of these schools enroll each prepare articles for the press and to more than 1,000 students, while eleven make provisions for broadcasting in- others have between 500 and 1,000 in formation regarding the campaign.

1930J WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

(d) Commission on Education, to complishing, and the increasing num- plan for follow-up training of in- ber of entries for examination show quirers and those who make decisions, the rapid awakening of the non-Chris- working through local churches. tian people to the advantages acquired (e) Commission on Social Service, from educating their girls. The to make surveys and plans to follow greatest percentage of increase has up these surveys and to deal with such been made by the two largest com- issues as temperance and social purity. munities-the Mohammedans and Hin- -Foreign Missions' Conference Bul- dus. It is interesting to note that letin. Qadian, perhaps the most bigoted Mo- hammedan village in the Punjab, sent Bibles for Ba.ttleships up thirteen girls for examination.

ON AUGUST 17, in San Francisco Not only Christian, but non-Christian Bay, the officers of the Japanese girls, are qualifying in increasing Training Battleships of the Imperial numbers for graduate work, and indi- Japanese Navy, in full regalia, with vidual examples show marked capabil- elaborate ceremony, graciously and ity on the part of Indian women to cordially received from the representa- take special training.-Woman's Mis- tives of the Japanese and American sionary Magazine.

Christian Churches and the American Bible Society a gift of Bibles to their ]doRleD1 Activity fleet. Vice-Admiral Nomura, in re- NEARLY one-third of the Mohamsponse to presentation speeches, said medans of the world are in India. it was a high honor, the Japanese Rev. F. N. Silsbee, in Darkness and officers felt, to have the Bibles pre- Light, says that Islam is the only resented to them, that he had been many ligion seriously bidding with Christimes to America and knew that the tianity for world-wide dominion, and lofty conceptions and high ideals of that India is a center for its missionary the nation were inspired by the Bible, program. It is the most active in the and that they were happy to receive press of any Mohammedan country, this Book and it was their hope and there being 222 periodicals. About prayer that with the ideals of right- 160 of these are in Urdu, fourteen in eousness and justice of this Bible, English, and the others in various peace would ever reign between the vernaculars. Most of these are' more two nations. He further said that he than newspapers and magazines in the hoped their battleships would never ordinary sense, and many of them have make war, but only be a national police the definite objective of disseminating force for righteousness and peace and and defending Islamic doctrines, not a goodwill.-Indian WUness. few of them being bitterly anti-Chris- INDIA tian. The definite watchword is, "The Islamization of All India." At Karachi Compulsory Education for Women a large meeting of one of the societies AN ALL-INDIA Conference on Re- was held at which circulars appealing f t form in the Education of Women for about 2,500,000 rupees for an en- and Girls has been organized, and dowment fund were distributed. The three annual meetings have been held. following is an extract: "Christian One of the main 'objects of these con- missions have been at work in India ferences is to work towards the com- for some centuries. Their organiza- pulsory education of girls. Only one tion is perfect, their funds are enor- out of each two hundred is now in mous, and their methods of work are .school. Another of the aims is to es- effective. Hundreds of different mis- tablish schools for married women. sions, hundreds of institutions and so- The real progress in education can cieties, and thousands of workers con- best be shown by what the Govern- stitute the strength of the Christian mental Education Department is ac- propaganda. Thousands of Moslems

have already fallen a prey to the Chris- given the use of a house without rent tian missionary, and there are yet for the purpose of the school. The greater dangers ahead."-Moody Institute Monthly. school will not only be a place of teach- ing, but will contain a health center A Large Task and model village home. The ladies of the League are particularly anx- THE Lutheran India Mission com- ious to make this institution a center prises a field about as large as Bel- of village activities. They are taking gium, with a population of nearly 5,- care to make everything within it 000,000. In each thousand of this suited to village conditions and withpopulation there are 898 Hindus, 55 in the reach of all village people. The Christians, 44 Mohammedans, and all teacher will also be the health visitor other religions 3. Of each 55 Chris- and general advisor of the village folk. tians, 21 belong to the Lutheran Mis- She will live the life of the people and sion, the others to the missions of the show them by practical example how Baptists, Church of England, and Ro- life in the poorest village can be made man Catholics. Most of the unreached useful, clean and bright.- Woman's population belongs to the so-called Missirmary Magazine. Sudra castes or the middle classes. They are opening their minds and Changing Methods hearts to the· Gospel and some have been baptized, but the Mission is not rDOinRMIEndRiLa Ywthaes main stress of work prepared to meet the Sudra opportu- laid on open-air nity. It does not have enough missionaries, enough Indian workers be- preaching, either in the crowded longing to the Sudra castes, nor enough money to press forword in this bazaars of cities or to smaller groups direction. met with in the villages. While that Then there is the task of the uplift of the Indian villages. One who has form of endeavor has not been abannever seen a typical Indian village does not realize how much they need up- doned, nor, indeed, is likely to be, yet lift. Missionaries must take the lead in the remaking of Indian villages by there is not so much time devoted to cleaning them up, improving their industries, reforming their social life, it as previously. Various causes have elevating the village women and enlarging the horizon of the villagers.- contributed to this end. The limita- Lutheran N eW8 Bulletin. tions of this method have been real- Edueational League of Women ized; it was seen that street preaching 'rHE Women's Educational League of Delhi is a very active and prac- served to reach only a portion of the tical body. It has taken up with great community and left other classes- unzeal the work of uplift among village women. So far, the work of training touched. The enforced reduction of women who seem to be extremely keen has been done by voluntary workers expenditure necessitated the abandonbelonging to many of the leading families of Delhi. The work has now ment of cold weather tours in the disincreased to such an extent that the League is planning to start a regular trict. There have come other devillage school for women and girls in a neighboring village. A well-to-do mands on the missionary's time. Then, Brahmin widow in the village has too, it has been felt that this was a task which the growing Indian Church could well undertake. A change has come over the nature of the preaching.

It is now less controversial and more experimental.

Institutional work can account for much of the diminution of street preaching. Where a man's connection with a school was once regarded as a subsidiary task, it is now regarded as his main job. Greater attention has been given to vocational schools. At Faridpur in Bengal two missions are cooperating in an industrial school, and the number of such schools has in-

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

creased. Similar settlements have Government has seemed quite pleased been opened for girls and widows. with the result. As evidence of this, Even in ordinary schools manual the school received a grant of £50 training has been introduced, and car- ($250.00) to cover expenses. After pentering, spinning or weaving form the fall opening of the school, the In- parts of the curriculum in many spector of Education of the Southern schools.-Missionary Herald (Baptist). Sudan came for a thorough inspection AFRICA of the equipment, the schedule and the quality of the work done. In his re- West African Elijah port to the department he was gen- A REMARKABLE figure in the erous in his commendation, and as a Christianizing of Africa is dead. result the school is to receive this This is William Wade Harris, of Li- coming year a grant of £150 ($750.00).

bera, who worked quite independently Out of this fund some 25 boys that of any mission, and as recently as the Government is sending are to be 1925, 20,000 of his converts in the taken care of, and in addition better French Ivory Coast were awaiting equipment can be secur€d. The Govteachers for further instruction. ernment proposed to bring in boys Bibles had been procured, though few from a distance, and since most of could read them, a primitive form of these boys will be sons of chiefs, the Christian worship had been instituted, influence will be magnified. So far no until a Christian community of 40,000 restriction has been placed on reli- gious teaching. The educational inhad grown up.

Harris' early life is obscure. It is spector has worked out a syllabus of known he had worked on ships and study, and in it religious teaching has later at Lagos, where he attended a been given a very definite place.- Wesleyan Church, probably learning to United Presbyterian.

read there. About 1915 he appeared in his turban and white robes, carry- Christia.nity or COlDlDunislD1 ing a light wooden cross, at Axim on ~~A LARGE number of native South the Gold Coast, but he soon turned Africans are becoming com- west into Ivory Coast territory. His munistically minded, they are adopting message was, "Burn your fetiches, money and goods as their ideal; are warship the one Gad. Get Bibles. increasingly feeling that their wrongs Build churches, and one day the mis- are not going to be righted by peace- sionary will come." ful means alone. They have lost faith, It was not until the end of 1926 that or are rapidly losing it, in the Govern- the old man was found by a French ment; they feel that the missionary Methodist missionary, Pasteur Benoit, has betrayed them, or at least stood at Cape Palmas, where he had been silently by while the unscrupulous living practically penniless in a tiny white man has grabbed their land and hut. He was described as still active, driven them to work; they see the though obviously a very old man.- wide discrepancies in wages paid H. W. Peet News Service. white and black workers for the same work; they see the utter cant and Education in the Suda.n hypocrisy in the liquor laws which THE United Presbyterian School in grant to the white man unlimited the Black Sudan opened August, rights and prohibit liquor to the na- 1928, and during the year ending July, tives in towns. All down the line, 1929, 75 boys, 20 yaung men, and 60 especially in the economic field, the girls were enrolled. Notable during native feels that he is being discrim- the year was an experiment with inated against, and unjustly. Rebel- twelve boys sent by the Government. lion and revolt are not natural to the These boys were in school about five native people. They hesitate to join months. They did very well and the formally an organization such as the

Communist Party. But the general York City has 1,765,000. But Amerattitude which the Communists stand ican Jews are gradually forsaking the for is growing and is becoming in- crowded centers and seeking new creasingly vocal." These are the homes in towns and viIIages, and on startling words of Ray E. PhiIIips of the farms. While two-thirds of the the Bantu Men's Social Center, Johan- Jewish population are found in our nesburg. eleven largest cities, the other third is scattered over 9,701 smaller cities, The man in South Africa who has towns, villages and rural communities. taken the time and energy to look Jews today' are found in 1,121 towns carefully into the native economic sit- having a population of less than 5,000. uation with its accompanying social They are living also in 3,943 villages effects, Dr. Henderson, states, "The and in 3,292 unincorporated rural dissituation is anxious, and there are tricts. There are 110,000 Jews on Borne who fear it is passing out of our farms in 40 different states. – The control."-F. M. C. Bulletin. Presbyterian.

Modernizing EI Azbar The Gospel for Jews EL AZHAR, in Cairo, both the oldest T HE Presbyterian Church now has and the largest university in the centers of evangelism for the Jewworld, is to recast its curriculum. The ish people in twelve cities. The Board old university course of EI Azhar, of National Missions is also encourwhich is said'to go back to the time of aging Presbyterian churches to include Muiz, and has been established from Jewish missions in their ministry. time immemorial, was based entirely Many a church has discovered that on the Koran. The theology, the law, Jews, far from being unreachable, are the traditions of Islam formed almost eager to learn about Christianity and the whole of the education given, in to read the New Testament. Some of the senior course, though reading and these churches have twenty or more writing, grammar, algebra and arith- Jews in their membership. It is estimetic were given to the junior stu- mated that some 1,500 Jews are memdents. No independent thinking was bers of Arne ric a n Presbyterian encouraged, or learning of things out- churches. Of these, sixty-one are minside the realm of Islam. But now this isters. Recently a rabbi of unusual is to be changed. The cabinet, under scholarship and ability has been bapthe inspiration of a new rector of the tized and is studying for the ministry. university, Sheikh Meraghi, has Others are professors in colleges, passed a new organic law for its gov- elders, deacons, and t r u s tee s of ernment. There are to be faculties of churches, teachers in Sunday-schools, Moslem theology, of Islamic law, of presidents of missionary societies.- the Arabic language, as of old, but The Presbyterian. these are to be moved by a new spirit; and to them are to be added new Result of Sound Policy courses of modern languages and modern science, adapted to modern condi- THE Church Missionary Society, tions.-The Living Church. which began its work in Africa about 125 years ago, reports a re- GENERAL markable ingathering. After nearly 100 years in the field, the total number Rural Trend of Jews who had embraced Christianity was 60,901. This was in 1900. In 1927 JEWISH population has long been the number had increased to 488,565; concentrated in towns, and chiefly in 1928 to 519,577; in 1929 to 552,640. great cities. Warsaw has 250,000; The ranks of ordained Africans had Budapest, 169,000; Vienna, 149,000; also increased from 84 in 1900 to 257 London, 150,000; Paris, 100,000, in 1928. The Christians in Southern while of the 4,228,029 Jews in America, 3,553,600 live in 68 cities. New

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

Nigeria contributed last year nearly let the nations pay their debts as ar- $500,000 to the work. Sixty-seven ranged (if it is for their good) and European workers were supported then, since the United States would from native contributions in 1926, not feel any loss in canceling them, let and 161 in 1929. These African her put what is paid to her into a fund churches have been taught to support for the education of children throughtheir own pastors and teachers. Now out the world. We would be disposed they are beginning to provide even to subtract from the contracted payfor the foreign missionaries in their ment of the debt, any amounts so spent midst.-Alliance Weekly. by the nations themselves. The fund might be placed in the hands of an Race Relations Sunday international committee – or a plan- etary committee of the foremost men T HE eighth annual observance of in the world, the majority of whom "Race Relations Sunday" has been should be United States citizens-to announced for February 9, 1930. This be administered with the purpose, is an occasion which is coming to be first, of giving education to those chilobserved increasingly in the churches dren who suffered most from the for the purpose of emphasizing the wreckage of the World War; second, meaning of the Christian Gospel for of giving the highest possible training the contacts of the races with each to the teachers of all lands."-Presbyother. Last. year in many communi- terian Banner. ties white ministers and Negro ministers exchanged pulpits on this Sun- Hissionary Distributors day, and in some cases church choirs made similar exchanges. The singing T HE Pioneer Mission Agency, with of the "spirituals" served to give many headquarters in Philadelphia, was a new appreciation of Negro music. organized "to learn and publish the need, and forward workers and means A special message for Race Rela- to other organizations for pioneer tions Sunday has been prepared, work." During the past year more stressing the practical application of funds have passed through the Christian principles to concrete inter- Agency's hands than ever before, the racial conditions that confront the amount for missionary work alone bechurches. A folder of suggestions, ing about $11,000. That which was with sections of interest to ministers, designated has been forwarded as re- Sunday-school superintendents, young quested; the money given for pioneer people's societies, women's groups and work was sent to various missions for interracial groups, will be furnished the opening of new fields or for makupon writing to the Federal Council's ing surveys. Nothing is taken for the Commission on the Church and Race upkeep of the office from funds given Relations, 105 East 22d Street, New for field work.-Report. York.-Bulletin.

War Debt Proposal Stockholm Continuation Committee DR. JOHN H. FINLEY, advisory T HE Stockholm Continuation Com- editor of the New York Times, in mittee has now been transformed his final lecture at Edinburgh Univer- into the "<Ecumenical Council for sity on November 1, suggested that Practical Christianity." At its last America should put what is paid to meeting at Eisenach, Germany, in her in war debts into a fund for the September, the Committee approved education of the children of the world. the establishment of a permanent "If Henry Ford is right, that the centre at Geneva. Steps are being United States would not feel any taken towards a closer cooperation serious loss if it cancelled all its for- with various Christian Youth Associaeign debts," he said, "it seems to me tions.-Information Service, World's that at least this course is possible: Committee, Y. M. C. A.

OOI(S WORTH

Any books mentioned in these columns will be jorwarded by us on receipt of price.-THE REVIEW.

Scripture Calendars. Pickering & Inglis. simple. It is found in the fact that Glasgow. 1929. there was greater diversity in primi- Daily Scripture quotations on pad tive Christianity than has been sup- posed, that there did not exist a single calendars give daily messages to type of church order, but that there brighten and nourish spiritual life and were several types, so that the Episequip for service. Five of these cal- copalian, Presbyterian and Independent endars, on attractive boards with col- can each discover the prototype of the ored pictures, offer a variety of style. system to which he himself adheres. The prices range from 18 to Is 6d. The important bearing of this on the Some of the calendars contain only pending question of mutual recogni- Scripture verses, while others give tion of orders in the movement for quotations from such well-known Brit- organic union will at once be seen. ish and American religious teachers Incidentally, the book gives a clear and as Andrew Bonar, Charles Spurgeon, non-technical introduction to the his- F. B. Meyer, D. L. Moody, Arthur T. tory and literature of the first century Pierson and others. There are also of Christianity. "Golden Grain" Diaries (28. to 78. 6d.) and Almanacs (2d. to Is.) D. L. P.

The Primitive Church, by Canon B. H. A New Commentary on Holy Scripture, in- Streeter. 323 pp. $2.50. The Mae- eluding the Apoerapha. Edited by millan Company. New York. Charles Gore, Henry Leighton Goudge This is a thoughtful and scholarly and Alfred Guillaume. 1,598 pp. $3.50.

The Macmillan Company. New York.

study of early Christianity with spe- This is a notable contribution to the cial reference to the origins of the literature on the Bible and it is arous- Christian ministry. Canon Streeter's ing widespread interest. The editors high reputation leads one to expect a and authors are among the most dis- thorough piece of work, and this book tinguished scholars of this generation does not disappoint the expectation. and they have done their work with It is an important contribution to a skill, painstaking care, and deep rev- subject which is being actively dis- erence for the sacred book which they cussed in America, Great Britain and expound.

the mission field. We all know how Particularly interesting features vigorously each denomination insists are the inclusion of the Apocrapha, that its polity and orders are justified and a series of monographs on various by the New Testament, and the result- topics that the authors deem essential ant controversy as to which of the to the proper understanding of the many conflicting claims is the right Bible. We know of no other recent one. The Episcopalian believes that commentary which contains so much he finds episcopacy, the Presbyterian suggestive material within the covers presbytery, and the Independent, inde- of a single volume. The comments are pendency. But while each party has of course usually brief, but they are argued to its own satisfaction it has remarkably luminous. The three edinot succeeded in satisfying its op- tors have provided the principal part ponents. Canon Streeter believes that of the work, but they have associated the solution of the deadlock is quite with themselves a considerable num- 78 ber of specialists in Great Britain and no': an exhaustive commentary, but a practical an inspiring manual for America so that the volume represents members, as well as teachers of adult classes, and it admirably suited to tlie the concensus of opinion of many em- need of devout Christians, who being themselves deprived of fellowship in inent scholars. an active class, want to follow the study of the international lessons. All of them belong to the High R. C. WILLIAMSON. Church Anglo-Catholic party in the What Do We Mean by God? C. H. Valen- Anglican Communion, and all accept tine. pp. 2·13; $2.00. New York. 1929. what are commonly called "the assured This apologl tic for Christian Theresults of the 'literary criticism' of ism does not draw upon the Scriptures as revelation 01 upon ecclesiastical trathe Bible." These presuppositions col- dition; rather does it dig into human experience on its various levels for or their interpretation of many pas- arguments to support the main thesis, that the least we can mean by God sages, and readers who do not concur must be such a conception as can run the gauntlet of modern science, philin the presuppositions will naturally osophy, and religion. "The minimum essentials for the God of religion are not concur in the interpretations. two. As against psychology, we must claim for God the nature of Ultimate Doubtless no human beings could tra- Reality; as against philosophy, we must claim for God the nature of reverse so vast a field as the whole Bi- sponsiveness." Tracing responsive- ness from the lowest levels of life in ble in a way that would be satisfactory plant and animal to awakening per- sonality in man, the author concludes to everyone. Certainly this reviewer that it is conditioned in each stage by the character of the stimulating obdoes not concur in some of the opin- ject. In animals with clearest traces of intelligence, there are closest apiuns expressed. But we gladly recog- proaches to personality only when un- der the constant stimulation of human nize the fine. Christian spirit of the discipline or training, while man, al- ready arrived at the stage of personeditors, and the unwisdom of ignoring ality, depends upon responsiveness in other persons for his progressive exthe views of such influential scholars perience. If mind and personality in man be allowed any place in ultimate who undoubtedly represent a large reality, a quality of responsiveness in the ultimate of science or the absolute constituency. They evidently do not of philosophy is demanded by highest probability as conditioning the remean to be iconoclastic for they say sponsiveness of human personality. God cannot be less than personal as the that they object to "a great deal of character of the system and unity of the ultimate. He may be much more modern biblical criticism which is in- than personality, He cannot be less than responsive in the sense in which spired by a spirit so obviously hostile that term characterizes human beings.

to the Christian faith as to leave no room for real appreciation of its books"; and they declare that "it is not this sort of criticism which read- ers will find in this commentary." It is gratifying to note too that the edi- tors avow their firm belief in the mir- acles of the New Testament, the virgin birth, bodily resurrection and deity of our Lord. A. J. B.

The Lesson Round Table-l930. Richard D. Dodge, Editor. 359 pp., 12 mo., Nashville, Tenn. 1929.

This is a pocket size teacher's manual on the 1930 International Uniform Lessons upon the plan of having each lesson discussed by a different leader among the outstanding ministers, educators and other Christian workers. Joseph Fort Newton, Wm. L. Stidger, Francis J. McConnell, James I. Vance, G. Walter Fiske, Frederick Lynch, Wm. H. Leach, Burris Jenkins, and other notable leaders teach the lesson. Moffatt's Translation is used. It is

In three main divisions, the author ness Life; Entrance and Conquest; deals with the questions, "the reality Early Life in Canaan; the United of the object of religious experience," Kingdom; the Divided Kingdom, and "the responsive subject of Christian the Downward Course.

experience," and "the responsive ob- One excellent feature about these ject of Christian ex·perience." It is a studies is that the great essentials of highly profitable study for all who are faith and life are emphasized and constantly seeking clearer "reason for made clear. They lead the reader to the hope that is in them." a higher regard for the Scriptures and R. C. WILLIAMSON. leave one eager to see the remaining three volumes. HARLAN P. BEACH. Pass on the Torch. Allen Eastman Cross.

104 pp. $1.00. Boston. 1929. The Epistle to the Romans-A Commen- A delightful book of hymns, lyrics tary. H. C. Moule. 437 pp. 5s and free verse by a modern poet. The London. 1928.

poems are all quotable and full of a This book is a new edition of an spirit sensitive to beauty and to God. old work which was so valuable as a A beautiful one is entitled "Into the devotional exposition of the Epistle, Mountain"-Luke 6: 12. that it was thought worth while to The mountain looming in the dark bring it out again. All who know the Is not more strong and still writings of Bishop Moule will recall his "Faith," "The High Priestly Than is thy waiting soul, at prayer Prayer," "From Sunday to Sunday," Upon the conscious hill. and will recognize the luminous char- The waters, dreaming of the stars, acter of the work done by this devout Are not more free and clear and scholarly spirit. There is no in- tellectual debating over minutia. In- Than is thy open heart to Him, stead there is a rich unfolding of Who breathes above thee here. Evangelical Faith. If there were more Spirit who prayest when we pray, pastors studying Commentaries of this Draw thou our souls apart; sort, the sermons they produce would Into the mountain which is God be richer in Biblical content, deeper Bring every wondering heart. in their understanding of life, and "The llook to Know." congregations would not go away from "The Book to Know" is not a large services unfed. JAMES F. RIGGS.

book, but into it is packed a surpris- Power From on High. By John Greenfield.

ingly large number of seed thoughts. Pamphlet. 35<:. Warsaw, Indiana.

Dr. McConaughy learned years ago, The story of the Moravian revival as Bible teacher at Mount Hermon of 1727 which resulted in the conver- School, how to awaken the thoughtful sion of John and Charles Wesley, is mind of youth; here he both stirs and accompanied by a strong appeal for directs the interest of all who would prayer for a new revival. The pambetter know their Bibles. This vol- phlet contains many interesting facts ume is first in a series of four and and has a stimulating spiritual mestakes up "Genesis to Kings: God in sage. Israel," that section which is most D. L. P.

abused and all too little used. Critics A Modern Pilgrim's Progress. Rev. DeWitt will find in this volume that a man Lincoln Pelton, D.D. 136 pp. $1.50. can be thoroughly modern in his New York. 1928.

knowledge and viewpoint and yet be These twelve practical addresses, true to the record in those earlier based on Bunyon's "Pilgrim's Prog- Scriptures. The chapters relate to the ress," deal with the progress of a pres- Book of Beginnings; the Book of De- ent-day Christian. They are inspiring.

liverance; the Books of the Wilder- M. T. SHELFORD.