The Missionary Review of the World — January 1939

1939

The Years Past and to Come Robert E. Speer God's Voice from China Mrs. Howard Taylor How Interest Men in Missions Various Authors Missionaries at Work in Africa West Africa Missionaries The Challenge of Venezuela William H. Rainey A Christian Approach to Moslems Frank C. Laubach Christian Bands in War-Torn China Andrew Gih 2S Cents a Copy $2.50 a Year

to Remember students to the United States and Personal

Canada for technical training. January 7-10, 1939 – Home Missions Council, Baltimore, Md. *** Miss Muriel Lester, founder of January 21-25 – Cause and Cure of The Rev. William James Drum- Kingsley Hall in London, is now a War Conference, Washington, D. C. mond, the oldest Presbyterian mis- full-time .Secretary of the Interna- sionary in China, died at Santa Bar- January 23-February 18–Iowa School bara, California, on November 26, tional . Fellowship of Reconciliation. for Missionaries. Iowa State College, from an illness that followed suffering She wIll travel in Europe, the Orient Ames, Iowa. from the Japanese invasion of China. and the United States in the effort to February 6-14-lnternational Council He was born in Ontario, Canada, establish a line of connection for in- of Religious Education, ChicagO, nI. seventy-four years ago and his Chi- nese service covered forty-seven years. ternational peace. She planned to go April 26 – Uniting Conference of He performed heroic service in the American Methodism, Kansas City, Boxer Rebellion and was one of the to India in December and thence to Mo. two American missionaries decorated by President Sun Yat-sen. Palestine. * • … FLORIDA CHAIN OF MISSION- ARY ASSEMBLIES *** Dr. George A. Buttrick, pastor of The Rev. Edgar P. Hill, educator the Mad i son Ave. Presbyterian January 24-26–J'acksonville. and clergyman, died on November ~ 26 Church, New York, was elected Presi- January 25-27-Daytona Beach. at his home in Los Angeles. His dent of the Federal Council of January 28-February 1-Miami. Churches at its annual meeting in January 29-31-Ft. Lauderdale. was seventy-seven. Buffalo in December. Dr. John R. February 1-3-,-Palm Beaches. Born in Pontiac, Ill., he held many Mott was elected Vice-President, Dr. February 4-8–0rlando. Charles H. Sears, Recording Secre- February 5-7-De Land. positions in Chicago educational and tary, and Frank H. Mann was again February 8-10-Ft. Myers. February 9-10-Sarasota. religious institutions. From 1906 to e,lected Treasur•er. * … February 11-16-St. Petersburg. 1918 he was professor of Homiletics February 12-15-Clearwater. Dr. George William Brown, Gen- February 17-18–Southern College. at "McCormick" Theological Seminary eral Secretary of the American Bible February 19-21-Tampa. and for ten years was superintendent Society for the past ten years, has February 19-21-Winter Haven. February 22-23-Quincy. of the churches of the Board of . . resigned to accept a call to become February 23-24-Tallahassee. February 24-26-All College. Church Extension of Chicago Presby- pastor of the West Presbyterian tery. Mr. Hill was the first general sec- Church of Binghamton…, New York. retary of the Board of Education of Dr. John McGuire, Baptist mission- the Presbyterian Church, serving until ary to Burma, was ten years past the age .of ~etirement when he left the the Board was merged with the Board 8erVlce m 1934, after 42 years of .of Christian Education. evangelism at Mandalay, Rangoon and * .. • Maymyo. Dr. and Mrs. McGuire have ePsotratbolis~hiecdo,thweiirthhotmheeinr ecahrilSdarnenJuaannd Obituary Note. Rev. Myron C. Wilcox, Methodist grandchildren. Dr. McGuire cele- missionary in Foochow, China, died in brated his eightieth birthday on No- Dr. Edwin B. McDaniel, formerly San Antonio, Texas, October 17. He was one of the editors of the Chinese vember 11. … … … a member of the Siam Mission of the Christian Advocate, and book editor Presbyterian Church, U. S. A., died of Methodist publishing activities in Shanghai. Mter his retirement he in Los Angeles, Cal., on November 2, continued to translate English works after a seven months' illness. He was into Chinese. Rev. W. Reginald Wheeler,. D.D., born in 1873, and reti~ from active has accepted appointment under the service in 1937. Many years were * * … Board of Foreign Missions of the Pres~yterian Church in the U. S. A., spent at Petchaburi, in charge of a Rev. Frank Paton, M.A., B.D., son as DIrector of the Division of Special of John G. Paton, one of the greatest Gifts and Annuities in the Home Base hospital; later he went 500 miles names in missionary history, died at Department of the Board. Dr. south of Bangkok to take charge of Melbourne, Australia, September 28, Wheeler has lived or traveled on five as the result of an accident. Frank continents in the interests of mission a mission hospital in Sritamarat. He Paton was born in the New Hebrides ~orK !l-nd has seen missionary service was known as an expert in sanitation, where his father began work ove; In Chma. and also built a Leper Home, which e.ighty years ago. A recently pub- lIshed statement expresses his motive now includes 20 buildings that care in taking up work in Tanna: "I saw • • for 400 lepers. . my father and mother with no aid but God's, facing the pitiless cruelty • of heathenism and banishing it from Lady Anne MacClanahan Grenfell, the !sland I saw a n~w ~ociety spring up In less than a lIfetime, with the wife of Sir Wilfred T. Grenfell of idyllic happiness of New Testament Christianity, and I resolved, God willthe Grenfell Mission in Labrador, died ing, to give my life to such work." no YODH S.S.PAPERS ~ December 9 in Boston at the age of • … * fifty-three. Her husband, a son, Wil- BIBLE THUTH?

fred T. Grenfell, Jr., an instructor and 4CioDrm,m;WF athletic coach at St. Mark's School, ~ For YoungPoopIe Southboro, Mass.; Kinloch Pascoe Grenfell, an engineer, and a daughter, JIOOORBOYSA1l1l ems Rosamond Loveday Grenfell, survive. For Jucian. aad lnleJ1'ftediarnt She was born in Lake Forest, nI. on November 11, 1885, a daughter of Thomas Moody, D.D., an American Baptist missionary, died November the late Colonel Edmund B. MacClanahan, was graduated from Bryn Mawr 17, after forty-four years of evan- gelistic service in the Belgian fCoronhgo~ College in 1906. She met William He will be best remembered Grenfell while she was traveling in pioneering at Sona Bata. Ownitah10M0r0s0. Europe. They were married Novem- square mile field, alone ber 19, 1909, in Chicago, and there- Mo!>dy, he was in charge of the eduafter they shared the hardships and catIOnal, evangelistic and medical work when in 1921 a marvelous movement work of the Labrador. toward Christianity began. More than In recent years and especially since ~ thousand people were baptized dur- mg that memorable summer, and the 1934, when a chronic heart ailment movement has continued unabated since then, with hundreds of converts compelled Sir Wilfred to abandon his added to the churches each year. trips to the North, Lady Grenfell had assumed many of the administrative burdens. She founded the educational fund which provided the means for (Concluded on tlvird cover.) sending Labrador and Newfoundland

Chat VIEW gets better all the time. I

want to read it through." THE MISSIONARY The New Year brings with it a MRS. GLENN B. OGDEN. REVIEW OF THE WORLD sense of the tremendous and unending need of all men for the secret of peace Ka,sganj, India. VOL. LXII JAN., 1939 No.1 and the will to peace; for the spirit of unselfish love and the expression of *** Publication and Buslnua omce– that true love in fellQwship between Third and Reily Sta., Harrlaburc, Pa. men and God and in all human rela- "The October number of THE RE- tionships. There is good reason to de- Editorial and Executive omce– spair of any purely human solution to VIEW gives more for deeper study of 156 Fifth Avenue, New York CIt7. the problems that face us; but there situ8>tions and conditions in India to- Entered as aecond-cla.. matter at is no despai;r"'-Only hope, courage <and day in the missionary enterprise, than good cheer~':"'" in the hearts of those anything I have read. And I have Post Omce, Harrlaburc, P&., under who have faith in God. read most of our study course and Act of March 3, 1879. reading lists." His spirit, His program and His 25 cents a copy-$2.50 a year. working are most clearly· seen in the MRS. FRANK F. HUTCHINS, Foreign Postage, 50 cents a year. lives and work of His ambassadors at Indianapolis District Counselor Publlabed montlil)", except August. home and abroad. The story of hu- All rights reserved. Copyrighted 1939. man need, and many places and meth- of the Methodist Young PeQ.. British agents – Marahall, Morgan ods in which and by which this need is ple's Foreign Missionary So- and Scott, 12 Paternoster Buildings, being met, will be recorded in THE ciety. London, E. C. 1 shilling per copy, REVIEW during the coming months. 10 ahllJlngs a year. It will be worth while and very cheer- *** ing, in these days of strife and uncer- MISSIONARY REVIEW PUB- tainty, to read .in THE REVIEW the "The REVIEW arrived today (Nov. LISHING CO., INC. story of what is going on"'-Often in BOARD OF DIRECTORS obscure corners, at home and abroad, 15th), the issue in which appears the to carry out the program of Christ. ROBBRT E. SPBBR, Pre_'4em article on the 'Practical Value of Mis- *** sions to Pastors.' What a revolution A. L. WAlUfBHUI., V40B-Pr..ufllt WALTER MCDOUGALL, TrBlHvrer Many readers find great help in it would cause in the churches if there DBLAVAN L. PIBRSON, 8Boretaf1l THE REVIEW. Will you bring it to the were a similarly conducted course in attention of others? Here are some PAUL J. BRA.ISTBD recent comments : every theological seminary, and if SAMUEL McCmu. CAVBRT "We feel that THE MISSIONARY RE- such a course were required for every D. J. FANT student!" GEORGE SCHWAB, Presbyterian Mission, Sakbayeme- MRa. ORRUl R. JUDD Edea, Cameroun, West Africa.

WM. B. LIPPlLUID "For over * y*ear*s we have taken ERIC M. NORTH forty SAMUBL M. ZWlIMJIB and have enjoyed the MISSIONARY RE- The Church may be doing too much VIEW and we continue to profit by its for young people and too little with them.-Professor Georgia Harkne88. high spiritual level. Often we share our copy with others."

FRANK G. MASON. Montclair, N. J.

Jesus Set the Example of Early Morning Devotions (Read Mark 1: 35) "Begin the day with God" is the oft-repeated exhortation. Mark tells us that Jesus went apart, early in the morning, to pray and to commune with the Heavenly Father. If our Lord and Master felt the need of a spiritual undergirding for the day, how can we expect to fulfill our daily responsibilities without fol- lowing his example.

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Al"RICA SEEKS INFORMATION FROM THE WEST Photo f.rom Janet

AN AFRICAN SEEKS INFORMATION FROM THE "MEDICINE MAN"

AN AFRICAN MOTHER AND HER CHILD INDUSTRIAL TRAINING A'r THE MISSION FORGE WHERE WEST AFRICANS RECEIVE THEIR TRAINING (See articles, pages 20 to 28) Photos from the Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions REVIB ORLD VOLUME LXII AN INTERDENOMINATIONAL REVIEW OF WORLD-WIDE CHRISTIAN PROGRESS NUMBER 1 JANUARY, 1939 Topics of the Times HOPE FOR THE NEW YEAR Jesus had been crucified and the disciples were There are many discouraged people today in surrounded by religious and political enemies; the world-many to whom the outlook seems dark in the Reformation of the Middle Ages, when -in Korea with its Shinto shrine problems; in those who contended for spiritual ideals seemed China with the continued wanton destruction of few and weak-all through history times of diffilife and property; in India with its fight against culty, indifference and opposition to God's propoverty and its struggle for independence; in gram have not been days for discouragement but Europe because of the growth of godless Com- have presented a challenge to faith and courage; munism and Fascism; in America with its racial they have called for an upward look and a for- and political, its economic and religious or anti- ward march. religious conflicts. A recent statement by Dr. H. Today, as of old, those forces that are for us C. Link (author of "The Return to Religion"), are greater than those that are against us; one issued as a result of surveys, reports that of nearly with God are still a majority. As we look for- ward into the New Year we see many causes for 10,000 representative American citizens ques- encouragement – in the fact that men are not satisfied with the fruits of selfish materialism; tioned, less than 25 % believe that religion is gain- there is still a constant warfare against vice and ing ground in the United States and over 45% say that moral standards are declining. Among the possible causes for this decline, as viewed by dishonesty and oppression; there are multitudes the National Committee on Religion and Welfare in Germany, like Pastor Niemoller, and in Russia, Recovery, are mentioned the 30% decrease in the' who refuse to deny God or to be intimidated in support of religious and welfare work (in four their acknowledgment of His supreme authority; .

years) compared with a nearly 4000% increase great numbers of Christians in Korea go to prison in the earnings of 105 industrial corporations; rather than worship at Shinto shrines; the Chialso there has been in the same period a 300 % nese, in the midst of cruel warfare, are seeking increase in amount spent for beer and whiskey. God as never before; India reports thousands of While gifts to colleges, community chests and gen- new converts coming to Christ every day; Moseral benevolences have decreased, the amount lems also are seeking the way of the Cross rather spent on jewelry, armaments, theatres, cigarettes than that of the Crescent; from Africa and the and automobiles have increased by 25% to 203% Islands of the Sea also multitudes are turning to in the same period. The average .of voluntary God. In America and England, what a multitude gifts to benevolences, charitable and educational of forces for righteousness are working, quietly and unostentatiously – in city missions and work is only about 2% of American taxable in- churches, in street meetings and Bible classes, in jails and hospitals. Recently in Newark, New comes, according to the statistics furnished by the Golden Rule Foundation.'

But in spite of many causes for disquiet and Jersey, eight hundred Christians gathered whose deep concern, there is no reason for discourage- great interest is in evangelizing the unreached ment. In the days of the children of Israel in multitudes in the city. All over the United States Egypt; in the time of Joshua, after the death of and Great Britain there are Christian gatherings Moses, as the Hebrews faced the Canaanite foes; where thousands meet for earnest Bible study and in the time of Elijah and the prophets of Baal for the quickening of spiritual life. Not only is and of Elisha when the Syrian armies threatened the University Christian Mission in North Amer- Israel; in that day of the early Church, when ica now seeking to bring Christ to students and [3]

students to Christ, but there are countless other as the only Saviour, that man is potentially en- agencies working to the same end, but without listed in Christ's world-wide campaign of conquest publicity. through the proclamation of the Good News and Much of modern mission work has been criti- by Christlike service. cized as being too institutional and secular and The consciousness of my personal debt to God unfruitful in spiritual results, but the recent because of what Christ has done for me will lead Madras International Missionary Conference, and me, as it led the Apostle Paul, to be eager to make missions as a whole, have come to see that, while known to others the remedy for sin and failure world peace, social reform and economic better- and the new Life that Christ offers to all. Withment are greatly needed, the most important and out this commitment, and a sense of personal hopeful work is Christian evangelism leading to debt, it is useless to expect to interest men in the personal acceptance of Christ as Lord and missions. Saviour, if any permanently transforming work Second: Men must be informed as to facts if is to be done. Student movements, churches, they are to be interested. But how many are woemissions, and social and political agencies have fully ignorant of the vital need of other men, tried other methods and have found them waijt- women and children for Christ and His Gospel? ing. The hope of tomorrow, as in the past, is in Every man with human sympathy will be interlooking to God for guidance and power, in exalt- ested in helping to remedy· situations. caused by ing the crucified and risen Christ and His Way famine or plague or crime; but he must know the of Life as the one remedy for sin and death and facts. So men must be informed and convinced as to the deadly spiritual diseases that are destroythe one God-given source of life and peace. ing men everywhere, if they are to be enlisted tp help make known the One effective remedy. No, we are not discouraged in these days when many men's hearts fail them for fear. It is still Men must also be informed as to the transform- God's world and His purposes and forces are cer- ing results of missionary work, where Christ is tain to be victorious. On which side are we going made known and truly followed. We may not to line up during this coming year-with our time, agree with some missionary methods; we may not influence, talents, material possessions and per- be willing to cooperate with certain organizations; sonal testimony? "If God be for us, who can be we may not approve of all missionary workers. against us? He that spared not his own Son but We do not approve of all doctors, lawyers. and delivered him up for us all, how shall he not with business men, but nevertheless we acknowledge him also freely give us all things?" the great value of these lines of service and we MEN AND MISSIONS are ready to promote the best in medicine, law and commerce.

How to interest men in missions and how to The story of missionary progress is thrilling keep them interested is a problem that is always ·and convincing to any honest student. What has . with us. But why pick on the men? Evidently already been accomplished, in spite of human they are "harder nuts to crack" than the women, failures, is an evidence of the power of God work- in this respect at least. Is it because men in gen- ing in the world. Multitudes of statesmen, trav- eral are more materialistic, more selfish, more ab- . elers, professional and business men and women sorbed in "money-making," and less informed on testify to the wonderful results achieved in all missions than the women? Experience proves lands, through the work of Christian missionaries.

that at least three things are necessary if a man Much, too much, remains to be done; but those or a woman is to be truly interested in spreading whose confidence is in God will not doubt the vic- the message of Christ and in promoting the rule torious outcome. Men must be informed.

of God among people of all classes, races and Third: To be truly interested in world-wide conditions. Christian work, men must make a real investment First, a man must be a believer in Christ and in the cause. They become vitally interested in in sympathy with His program. How can we ex- stocks and bonds, in automobiles, and in other pect to enlist men in the service of Christ if they lines of business, in proportion as they invest have never truly yielded to His claim on their money, time and thought in those things. If a lives. Attempts have often been made to capture man makes an intelligent, sacrificial investment in the "man on the street" for missions, but every some missionary or mission enterprise, that man's attempt has failed, unless the man has first been interest is assured. His investment may consist captured for Christ. Naturally no one is inter- of money, effort, prayer, a child, or all of these, ested in promoting any campaign – political, so- but it must be sacrificial. Continued contact with cial or economic-if he does not believe in the Christ and His work will keep the fires burning cause. But if a man is wholeheartedly committed so as to warm a man's own heart and will make to Christ as His divine Lord and believes in Him him wish to spread the light and warmth to others.

TOPICS OF THE TIMES

If these three essentials are met-commitment faith and education." Various groups interested to Christ, information as to the work, and a sacri- in the spiritual welfare of students and their ficial investment in the cause – there will be no teachers are uniting in this appeal for the surdifficulty in enlisting and maintaining a man's in- render of life to the Will of God and to the service terest. It has been done. Great men of all ages of Christ. Dr. Jones reports that the evidences of have been deeply concerned in missionary promo- the hunger of students for spiritual help, and for tion. The s~me is true today. Men of Christian definite life objectives are very remarkable. These faith ~ men of world vision; men of sacrificial young people are eager to make their lives count spirit; and men who have sympathy with God and in service. The most difficult but most important mankind, will be interested in promoting Christ's thing will be the follow-up work to conserve rework throughout the world. sults. The National Preaching Mission scarcely touched students and the need for reaching them EVANGELIZING COLLEGE STUDENTS is pressing if the Church is to grow. The days when the Student Volunteer leaders stirred the While some writers warn us of the growth of colleges and when the Student Christian Associaatheism, irreligion and immorality in American tions led many to Christ and enrolled them in high schools and colleges, the University Chris- Bible classes, has passed. Spiritual life in schools tian Mission is now seeking to bring Christ to the and colleges has suffered and a true revival is 150,000 students in colleges and universities. needed.

There is no doubt about the low moral stand- In each center the leaders, with the cooperation ards, and the religious ignorance, indifference or of local student and faculty members, are adapt- ing their program to the special needs of students. hostility of many students. Materialistic, athe- Instead of mass meetings, the informal conferistic and anti-Christian forces are active. "Anti- ences in dormitories, club rooms, fraternity and God" or "militant godless" societies are reported sorority houses and other student centers provide in some institutions. Usually their activities are the chief points of contact with inquirers. There secret and subversive but at times they are openly are also daily sessions with faculty members, lecanti-religious. All this is too true; but the youth tures in classrooms and opportunity for personal are more sinned against than sinning. Many of interviews. Breakfast meetings are held at seven them come from practically godless homes; they o'clock and often student interviews keep the vis- iting workers up until past midnight. are catapulted into a society full of pitfalls and traps; in high school and college they too often The lntercollegian and Far Horizons says: meet teachers who undermine and destroy faith The present is a logical and fortunate time to bring into in God and advocate certain forms of immorality. the center of campus life a straight, plainly spoken ex- position of the claims of Jesus Christ. No subtlety of The results are seen today in business and social oratory nor of intellectual defensiveness is necessary in life. talking with students today about religion. In fact the gun-shyness today is of the man with subtleties, not of the To counteract these destructive forces in a con- man with religion. If he has discovered something real, structive way, the University Christian Mission, students want it or at least respect it. under the auspices of the Federal Council of Churches and other organizations is conducting a We are glad to see that the Mission is on this forthcampaign in over twenty leading American col- right basis. It is directly and openly evangelistic; viz., it believes so strongly in the Christian Gospel for our day leges and universities. They report some remark- that it wants to share it as clearly and persuasively as it can, so students may have a chance to mak~ up their able experiences. eTr shiet ymoefetOinrgesgl obne,gaann on October own minds about it. But make no mistake, this mission 2nd, in the Univ d continue has a perfectly clear objective, and that objective is Chris- tian evangelism. We think we know students well enough until March 17th when they are to close at the to be sure that this statement, which a few years ago University of California at Berkeley. The work would have been impolitic, will only whet their interest in meeting these men and women who come to the campus is being conducted in these leading colleges and with something to say! universities and the Director of the Mission is Rev. Jesse M. Bader. The forty-four speakers include Will the Christian agencies, which so far have united E. Stanley Jones and Sam Higginbottom of India, in such harmonious unity, be able to forget their units T. Z. Koo of China, Margaret G. Bonfield of Lon- in a real. crusade to meet students and their problems don, Bernard C. Clausen of Pittsburgh, George A. where they aTe? That is vastly more important than for Buttrick of New York, Arthur Lee Kinsolving of students to know where the agencies are. And will stu- Boston, and Henry H. Sweets of Louisville. dents themselves really take some evangelistic responsi- bility themselves? Revivals of religion or education or A team of fifteen spends six days on each football don't get imported. They spring up from the campus where they hold popular evangelistic meet- grass roots of the concern of individual students. They grow. If there is to be a student religious revival, stuings, group conferences and personal interviews. dents themselves will have to get off their academic dead- The aim is to win college youth to Christ and His centers and start it. Way of Life. One purpose of this present effort is to "close the wide gap between the Christian

It is as yet too early to appraise the results of in Hungary, 984,000 in Rumania and 3,000,000 this mission but if one man or woman is awakened in Poland.

-like Wesley or Spurgeon or Catherine Booth; Today Palestine, the land that God gave Israel if even a few colleges or universities are brought for an everlasting possession, is a bone of conten- into vital relationship to Christ and are set on tion. The Arabs claim it by conquest, the Jews fire for God, the time and money will be well ex- by covenant. The efforts of Great Britain to solve pended and abundantly worth while. Naturally, the problem by a division of territory between with such a variety of speakers, there will be a Jews and Arabs, has proved a fiasco and even an great difference in the amount of living truth pre- impartial and righteous government under the sented, in the incentives and appeals; but if Good Mandate to Great Britain -is unacceptable. The Seed is sown and the field and workers prayer- Arab revolt has recently spread to all classes.

fully prepared, so that students are truly aroused The people of Palestine are impoverished; busi- by the Spirit of God and are led to a vital relation ness is at a standstill; tens of thousands are un- to God through Christ, and if effective follow-up employed and the country is being plunged deeper work is carried forward by intelligent and conse- and deeper into debt. To political, economic and crated personal workers on each campus, God social questions the religious element has been will give the increase. added and is pitting the Jew (and the Christian) against the Moslem in fierce antagonism. Even THE JEWS-A "PECULIAR PEOPLE" Christian Arabs are attacked by their Moslem compatriots. The religious element has added to Everyone will admit that the Jews are a "pecul- the bitterness of the strife. The whole Moslem iar people." They are credited with being pecul- population seems to be behind the revolt and there iar in their appearance, their language, their is a new effort to declare a universal "holy war"

traits of character and their habits; "peculiar" against both Jews and Christians. Repressive in their history and religion, and in their sad ex- measures by the British add to the bitterness of periences among other races. They are "peculiar" the fight. The Pan-Arab Islamic aspect of the in the fact that, though they are without a na- revolt has been strengthened so that even the place tional government or country of their own, and of the Jews in Palestine is becoming secondary although over sixteen million of them are scat- to Arab opposition to Great Britain in the Near tered over the earth, they still are a "separated" East. Palestine seems to have become merely a people, looking back on a remarkable past, hoping testing ground for Arab strength. Unrest is in- for a return to their national home and temple, creasing in Iraq, Syria, Transjordania, Arabia and look forward to a great future. and Egypt, but Turkey and Iran are governed by Six times they are called a "peculiar people" in dictators who still rule with a strong hand. The the Bible, four times in the Old Testament and British cannot afford to yield to Arab demands, twice in the New. But the word as applied to much as they desire peace.

them does not refer to their racial characteristics In the meantime Great Britain, America and or to their history; it refers to them as a "pecul- other nations friendly to the Jews, are seeking a iar" possession, acquired, purchased, preserved solution for some phases of the Jewish problem and treasured by God, who promised Abraham a by providing havens of refuge for them in Africa, land which his descendents should possess; who North and South America, Australia or elsewhere released Israel from Egypt and brought them into that is not already overcrowded. The end is not the Promised Land; who established His temple in sight but there is reason to believe that, as in in Jerusalem, gave the people His laws, disciplined the days of Israel in Egypt under oppression by them but preserved them through many centuries, the Pharaohs, God has not forgotten or cast off through them sent the Messiah to bless all nations, His "peculiar people." Jews have their serious and has promised to restore all things and estab- faults but nations that have fought against them lish the reign of righteousness, truth and love. and have persecuted them have always suffered in But today the Jews are "peculiar" in the world- the end. They have lapsed into extinction or ob- wide ostracism and in their sore trials. In the scurity-Egypt, Midian, Moab, Syria, Babylon, past they suffered many things in Russia, Poland Assyria, Greece, Rome-while the Jews have re- and other countries of Europe; today 750,000 are mained, denationalized and homeless wanderers, being persecuted, robbed and banished from Ger- perhaps, but still a remarkable race and a "pecul- many and Austria. Even Christian Jews and iar people." Men and governments cannot suc- those with a fraction of Jewish blood are deprived cessfully fight against God. His promises and of citizenship and of fair opportunities for edu- plans will yet be fulfilled. When will the time cation, as well as in business and in professional come that Israel will see and acknowledge their life. Italy is following in the same path; it Is yet Messiah, experience a new emancipation and enter to be seen what will happen to the 441,000 Jews into their inheritance?

Years Past and to Come*

By ROBERT E. SPEER, Lakeville, Connecticut Author of "The Finality of Jesus Christ," "George Bowen of Bombay," etc.

O UR country is so young that it is only now asked him why he chose rowing for his sport, a that we are coming to realize that it has had tame and effeminate affair, instead of some a past. Heretofore the past and present verile game like football with its body to body have been so close together as to appear as one. personal encounter. He answered that he pre- Now, at last however, our centennials are begin- ferred to take his exercise sitting down, and added ning to make us aware of time and of far off be- the rather pointed and pertinent remark that he ginnings which we do well to recall. would "rather belong to a crew that looked back During the last three years we have observed and moved forward than to a team which looked a number of these significant anniversaries. In forward and moved back." Which thing is a 1936 we had the Whitman Centennial, commem- parable. In a shell there are nine men. Eight of orating the heroic venture of Marcus Whitman them who furnish all the power look backward. who set out in February, 1836, to establish the There is only one, the coxswain, who looks formission at Walla Walla which planted the Chris- ward and he would be a still better coxswain if he tian Church in the far Northwest and helped to had eyes also in the back of his head. prevent the yielding of the territory to Great Britain. In 1936 also the Southern Presbyterian Or consider a gun. Where is the pawer which Church celebrated the seventy-fifth anniversary hurls the projectile? It is not in a magnet or any devic~ in front of the gun. It is in the explosion of the establishment of the Church in the beauti- behind. The energies which drive us pour out of ful old building in Augusta, where their first As- the past. Even when we pursue a distant future sembly met under the shadows of the Civil War ideal, it is the past which gave it to us and which thrusts us after it. in 1861. Last year our Northern Presbyterian The second great use of the past is as a teacher. Church celebrated the centennial of the Board of Foreign Missions which, indeed, was also the It is in the school of the past that we learn our Board of the Southern Church, for the quarter lessons: as to essential realities, as to abiding century preceding the division that came in 186!. values, as to the possibilities of achievement, as Now this year we are observing the Sesqui-Cen- to vital resources, as to true direction, as to the tennial of the adoption of the constitution of the Will of God, His trustworthiness, and our duty. It Presbyterian Church and the establishment of its is of some of these lessons that I am to speak in General Assembly. In the midst of these anniver- the matter of the foreign missionary enterprise saries we are happy and grateful in commemorat- of the Church during the century of this Second ing the founding of the Second Church in St. Church's history.

Louis one hundred years ago. What Christianity Is Sometimes we are told that we waste time in First of all we are taught the fundamental lesthese historical commemorations. "Of what use son of what Christianity is. The foreign missionis the past," men ask, "when the present with its ary undertaking is the expression of the essential problems and its tasks demands all the thought nature of the Christian faith. It embodies the and energy that we possess?" conception of the adequacy, the uniqueness and the finality of Jesus Christ and the Gospel. Chris- There are at least two of the many uses of the tianity is not one of the world's great religions, past which stand out clear and indisputable. each of them the expression of the religious gen- ius of one race and adapted to the experience and For one thing, we draw inspiration and power needs of that race. Christianity is solitary, not from the past. I recall a shrewd saying of Dr. comparative, universal not ethnic. Christ is not Duncan Spaeth, who is one of our leading Shakes- one of many great religious teachers; and Chrisperean scholars and was for some years professor tianity is not the religion of the white race. Christ of English in Princeton University; at the same stands alone; His name is not to be included in time he was the inspiration of the revival and any list of names. And the white race did not maintenance of rowing at Princeton. Some one • An address at the Centennial Celebration of the Second Presbyterian Church, St. Louis, MissourI.

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originate Christianity. It originated in As i a humanistic spirit of the community. The organic among Asiatics; and it has always been and is relationship of all unselfish philanthropy to the now not the natural expression but the supernat- Christian motivation has been obscured and for- ural condemnation of the ethnic spirit of the whilte gotten. On the foreign mission field we see char- race. ity in its primitive reality. The orphanages, leper One must go further. Any definition of religion asylums, hospitals, schools for deaf and blind, all which covers Christianity excludes all' other so': the unselfish charities of the non-Christian world called religions. Or, if they are religions, Chris- are still seen as having sprung from a lesson still tianity is not. This, indeed, is the fact. Chris- maintained by the Christian Church. The late tianity is not a "religion." It is a revelation. It . F.W. Stevens, professor of law in the University is not man's quest for God. It is God's quest for of Michigan and American member of the Bank- man. Webster's dictionary defines religion as "the ers' Consortium in China in 1920-23, saw this and recognition of God as an object of worship, love bore his competent testimony to it. "I have come and obedience; piety; any system of faith and to believe," he said in an address in Peking to worship. Religion is subjective, designating the returned Chinese students, "that America's great- feelings and acts of men which relate to God." est contribution to China, greater even than "Much that belongs to religion," says. John Mac- America's political friendship is the work of the murray, the English philosopher, "permeates American Christian missionaries in China. This what we call Christianity." But he adds, "I have statement may indicate the importance I attach a conviction that the points which the various to the need of moral regeneration which must pre- world religions have in common with Christianity cede any great political or industrial improve- are in large measure the points which are not ment. In all China there is not a single organiza- specifically Christian, but merely religious." tion on a scale of importance, that aims at moral What is specifically Christian? The glorious improvement or that is calculated to bring it fact of the Incarnation and the Good News of Sal- about, that is not traceable in its origin to the vation and Eternal Life offered by God through Christian missions. I have inquired among all His only Son, Jesus Christ. It is this conception kinds of people from all parts of China for such that makes Christianity missionary. "The·true an activity of non-Christian origin without findstate of the case," as Dr. William Newton Clarke ing one." And the widest possible meaning must said, "must not be forgotten, namely that Chris- be given to Mr. Stevens' word "moral." It covers tianity sets out for victory. The intention to con- the whole ideal of man's deepest and fullest wel- quer is characteristic of the Gospel. This was' fare, both of body and mind. Of the latter I will the aim of its youth when it went forth among speak in a moment. My point now is that in the the religions that then surrounded it; and with missionary enterprise we have seen the inevitable this aim it must enter any field in which old re- relationship between the love of God and the love ligions are encumbering the religious nature of of man: we have seen Christianity revealing its man. It cannot conquer except in love but in love true nature in seeking, side by side with the oral it intends to conquer. It means to fill the world." proclamation of the truth, to heal every human This conviction is incarnated in the missionary hurt. It has been, as it was at the beginning, undertaking. It is equally essential if Christianity the fountain of the stream of philanthropy, of the is to be vital and effective at home. healing of disease, of the care of the unfortunate A Ministry of Love and needy, of charity and compassion and love.

There is also a lesson for us to learn here for In the second place the missionary enterprise our situation at home. Let the Christian convic- reveals the basic nature of Christianity as a min- tions and loyalties die down and we shall soon istry of unselfish service and of love. Its primary discover the utter inadequacy of our reliance upon aim was to preach Christ as the only Saviour of community goodwill and humanistic philanthropy.

the world; but the Christ whom it preached could The real driving force in all our apparently sec- be no other than the Christ whose first sermon ular civilization is not secular. It is the hidden in his home synagogue was from the text: "The and unostentatious Christian valuation of Christ spirit of the Lord is upon me; because He hath and the motivation of Christ's love and the love anointed me to preach the Gospel to the poor; He of man for Christ's sake.

hath sent me to heal the broken hearted, to preach Relation to Education deliverance to the captives and recovering of sight to the blind, to set at liberty them that are In the third place, we see in the missionary en- bruised." Here in the West our charities and terprise of the century the fl,mdamental relation- philanthropies have largely passed out from the ship between Christianity and education, between control of the Church, and seem to rely upon the Christ and the freedom. and expansion of the

THE YEARS PAST AND TO COME

mind. From the beginning with William Carey ated freedom suffers. All true education is the and Alexander Duff, the missionary has been the child of the Christian spirit and will suffer when founder of schools. He began the first elementary divorced from the source which produced it, and schools in non-Christian lands. He founded the from which it mus,t continue to draw its life. Let colleges, the medical and industrial schools. He one tragic contemporary illustration suffice. Ger- or she was the pioneer of education for women. many was once the leader in thought, invention In many lands the same thing happened that has and discovery. And today-!

happened in America. The state took over or The Bond of Union and Peace built upon what the missionary began. The Im- perial University of Tokyo had its origins with This school of the past missionary century is a Guido Verbeck and Divie McCartee. The Nation- rich school but I will speak of only one other of al University of Peking, now destroyed, began its lessons. It has disclosed the one possible bond with W. A. P. Martin. David Murray guided the and basis of a united and rationally ordered hu- establishment of seoondary education in Japan. man society, namely the Holy Catholic Church.

In many cases, however, the missionary enter- Every other proposed basis of a peaceful world prise is still carrying on its institutions, equal or order has broken down; diplomacy, international superior to those of government. All the medical organizations, "nine-power treaties," leagues and education of the Chinese began with missionary covenants, ententes, alliances, "axes," all world medical schools. Eighty-five per cent of the associations of whatsoever sort. Even greed has schools of Africa are still conducted by missions. failed. Indeed greed has worse than failed. Men The outstanding modern educators of India have sell to their nation's enemies the very instruments been missionaries, honored by the government for their enmity. No words seem more pitiable with Knighthood for their service,-Sir William today than Mr. Kipling's "Peace of Dives"

Miller and Sir James C. R. Ewing. Even where "The word came down to Dives in torment where he lay, government with its resources begins to monopo- 'Our world is full of wickedness, My children maim and lize the educational field, the missionary enter- slay; prise has found its opportunity in pioneering And the Saint and Seer and Prophet enterprises, the originating liberty of the Chris- Can make no better of it tian spirit fulfilling its function of freedom and Than to sanctify and prophesy and pray.'''

creativeness. So Dives rose up and bound the world together in The present victory of India has borne tribute irrefragable peace.

to this service of the missionary spirit. In his "With gold and fear and hate report in 1928, as Chairman of the Royal Com- I have harnessed state to state.

mission on Agriculture in India, he said, "We can- And with hate and fear and gold their hates are tied. " "And behold all earth is laid not leave the subject of the teacher and his In the peace which I have made." training without referring to a movement which offers bright hopes. for escape from the difficulties Ten years after Kipling wrote, Dives' peace which clog the progress of education. The new was burned ashes and Dives had no need to go scheme for training teachers which has been back to hell. worked out by the Presbyterian Mission at Moga, has been adopted and extended by the Punjab There is only one world fellowship that is real Education Department and now prevails in every and that can bear the strain. That is the world training institution for vernacular teachers in the Christian Community. For a hundred years the province. This system of training at Moga is but missionary enterprise has preached it and has one example of the valuable pioneering and ex- been busy building it. Our Church has had its perimental work accomplished by missions, to glorious share in it. In a dozen lands it has led which education in India owes so great a debt." in the founding and development of independent national churches with leaders of whom I could In America education, like philanthropy, has tell you, the peers of any in our Church at home, slipped from its relationship to the Church. The whjch hold fellowship with sister churches across Roman Catholics, to a lesser degree the Lutherans all-boundaries of nation and race, across the gulf and to a still lesser degree the other Protestant of nationality between China and Japan, across Churches, are seeking to maintain Christian edu- the gulf of race in India. The goal of world unity cation in relation to the Church but it is a hard may still be far away and the Christian unities struggle against the State with its power of taxa- may still be too weak to overpower the human sus- tion. In Russia and Mexico Church education is picions and rivalries and hates, and the coercive extinct; in Germany it seems to be doomed. We powers and pessimisms and paganisms of govern- are in danger of forgetting the lesson of the past. mentsmay stm.defeat the feeble instrumentalities Where distinctively Christian education is obliter- of Christian fellowship. But, soon or late, the

choice must be made between the unity of Christ man intercourse the nations burden it with even and the Satanic sin of a divided humanity. If we heavier limitations of travel and trade. Missionlearn aright the missionary lesson we shall not aries may be as ready for martyrdom as ever but despair but wait in hope and love till the martyr cannot get his passport vised. The difficulties which the missionary met in earlier Nation with nation, land w1th land years have vanished but they have been replaced Enarmed shall live as comrades free: by new ones. But what are difficulties for, except, as General Armstrong used to say, to be overcome In every heart and brain shall throb by the grace of God? Twice in "The Influence of The pulse of one fraternity. Sea Power upon History," Captain Mahan speaks of "the glorious disadvantage of numbers." And Some may say, "It has been a great past, and St. Paul shows how he regarded difficulties when you are justified in what you claim for it, but it he said "and," not "but": "I will tarry at Ephesus is gone and cannot come back or be reproduced. until Pentecost for a great door and effectual is We have come to a new and different day. The opened unto me and there are many adversaries." old motives which produced and sustained the missionary enterprise are dead. The sacrifices And the opportunities are greater than they which it required cannot be obtained in the world have ever been. The national churches in every in which we live." mission field are inviting help and offering asso- ciation. In China there is such an open door as I do not believe it. There have been changes, has never been known since Robert Morrison and there will be more changes, but they make the landed in 1807. One missionary writes: enterprise only the more necesary. Bible teaching is now permitted in all schools, and na- The Gospel has not changed. Jesus Christ is tional leaders are by their example and words urging the still the same, yesterday and forever. If our youth to find the secret of the power of the Christian relithoughts about Him and the Gospel change they gion. Never has the atmosphere of our schools been more only change truly as they see Him and His Gos- Christian. This is indeed the flood tide of mission work pel as something still greater than men have con- in China. Similar opportunity came after the Revolution ceived. His is still the Only Name. He is still in 1911 when China became a republic. There is a tide the only Light of the World. He alone is the in the affairs of Christ in China which taken at the flood Way, the Truth and the Life. Now, as ever, no leads on to victory. The ebb tide will later set in, for man comes to the Father but by Him. The world time and tide wait for no man. Now is the time to bring is worse lost without Christ, if that be possible, the ship into the harbor. A missionary today can with the then it has ever been. Its need of Him is greater help of the tide and favorable winds make more progress than ever in the past. If its flight was such that in a day than in a month when the tide is changed. it required His coming nineteen hundred years ago its desperate hopelessness today requires Him And so everywhere the tides run with us or even more. Of the seven nations which are de- against us but our duty abides, the duty to protermining the fate of the world today four either claim Christ to the whole world and to every man openly reject Christiani<ty or tolerate it only as as the only hope. an instrumentality of the State. Of the other three one is frankly secular and in neither Great Christ is our sure hope. What the conditions Britain nor America is the Christian spirit set in may be is a matter of subordinate consequence. supreme authority over the national. In one of They may affect the times but they will not deterhis last utterances Henry Watterson declared: mine the issue. What th8lt issue will be St. Paul declared in the clearest and boldest way long ago. The future looks black enough, yet it holds a hope, a The time will come, he said, when Christ's Name single hope. One power and one power alone can arrest will be above every name, when "at the name of the deseent and save us. That is the Christian religion. Jesus every knee will bow and every tongue con- Democracy is but a side issue. The paramount issue, fess that Jesus Christ is Lord." Where was Paul underlying the issue of democracy is the religion of Christ when he said this? In prison, chained to the wrist and Him crucified. If the world is to be saved from de- of his jailer; forsaken by friends; the victim of struction, physieal no less than spiritual destruction, it the ill will of insincere fellow Christians; anticiwill be saved alone by the Christian religion. That elim- pating a martyr's death at the end of his way. If, inated leaves the world to eternal war. under those conditions, Paul could have this faith ought we not to feel shame if we waver in it? The difficulties are greater than ever before. Weare at least nineteen hundred years nearer Man has created machines which now tyrannize this consummation than Paul was. If he were over him. He has produced an environment standing where we stand, with what overflowing which he has not learned to control. His most gratitude would he survey the century past and boasted inventions are as capable of working ruin with what glorious riew faith and courage would as of doing good. He is exalting inferior values he advance into the century to come! over the value of man. An age which overestimated man is succeeded by an age whkh degrades him. Instead of simplifying and enriching hu-

God's Voice from

With Glimpses of His F.aithfulness in the Experience of the China Inland Mission By MRS. HOWARD TAYLOR Author of "The Life of Hudson Taylor," "By Faith-Henry W. Frost and the China Inland Mission," and other volumes f". ALONE in his Toronto office, a young man was "Be definite, young man, be definite! What is facing a situation that might well cause it that you need? What are you really asking?" concern. He was the newly appointed sec- Startled, Mr. Frost rose fr.om his knees, went retary of a movement which had come into being to his desk and began to consider the matter, pen largely through his prayers and eff.orts. Carried in hand. One after another he wrote down the on a full tide of spiritual blessing, he had taken pressing financial needs and was dismayed to find part in the establishment on this continent of a that they came to a total of six hundred dollars.

Mission, begun in England, which had for its aim Could he ask definitely for so large a sum? It the evangelization of inland China. But now its was a critical moment for himself no less than beloved leader, Hudson Taylor, had gone on to for the Mission. But faith triumphed by the grace Shanghai with the first reinforcements from of God. Spreading the paper on the chair before North America, and Henry W. Frost was left re- him, the young man knelt again and definitely sponsible for the home side of the work in the asked, in the Name of the Lord Jesus, for the United States and Canada. For years, the lead- whole six hundred dollars.

ing of God in his life had been preparing for these "So real was the transaction," he recalls, "that developments-as the biography just published when I rose from my knees the sec.ond time it was graphically records ;*-but with the newly-formed without a burden of any kind. With complete rest Council he had now to deal with no fewer than of heart, I went through my corres.pondence and forty missionary candidates and a home-centre to other: work for the day, though as hour by hour provide for the Mission, S.o that the problems that went by nothing happened."

pressed upon him were neither few nor small. Nothing happened in that office- but many, All this had been foreseen and considered with many miles away a friend was led to think and Mr. Taylor in helpful hours of fellowship and pray about the Mission. Under a sense of divine prayer. "No debt" and "no appeal for funds" guidance, this friend wrote a letter which reached were principles of the Mission with which Mr. Mr. Frost the following morning. At the desk Frost was in full agreement. The life of faith where his list of needs had been made, the latter for things temporal as well as spiritual was not opened the letter to find a check enclosed for six new to him. With his young wife, he had already hundred dollars, to be used at home or in China, launched out on the promises of God, proving in as it might be needed. This experience opened to experience that as we seek first His kingdom and the young secretary new vistas of the power .of righteousness all things needful are indeed prayer and the faithfulness of God. He wrote: "added" with a Father's loving care. Fifteen Did I pray more in detail after that? I certainly did!

missionaries in China, h.owever, and increasing I remember that I used to breathe prayers in those days needs at h.ome put faith to fresh tests. Without that I would have laughed at before, as childish. Somethe backing of any church or denomination-for thing came back to me then that Mr. Taylor had said when the Mission embraced all evangelical Christians we were together at Northfield. in its fellowship-and without reserve funds or "Have you ever thought," he asked, "of the difference between a father's and a mother's care of their children?

pledges of supply, prayer to God was. the only re- The father goes to business, whatever it is, and works source. And on his knees in his office that day hard to provide for his family, but it takes a mother to the young Secretary was unburdening his heart mend the children's stockings. And in a very real sense, before God. God is a Mother to his people, as well as a Father."

And then a strange thing happened. It seemed And truly I have found it so, in all the years since then. as if a voice spoke in the silence: By this time (1890) the China Inland Mission was twenty-five years old and had reached a posi- • "By Faith-Henry W. Frost and the China Inland Mission." ti.on froni'which rapid growth was possible. Start- CBhyinDar.InalnadndMMrsi.SSHioonw, aPrdhilTaadyelloprh. ia,Il1lu9s3t8ra. ted. 8vo. 364 pp. $1.25. ing in England in 1865, l·t had spread to N.orth [11 ]

America, but still its home-base was inadequate for the developments that were to come. The growth of those early years had been remarkable and full of promise. The Mission's first objective, that of placing pioneer evangelists in all the inland provinces of China, had been attained in little more than a decade, with the sole exception of the province of Hunan. To enter any of those great regions marked black on the first of our little maps had seemed impossible. The very name, "China Inland Mission," had been a laughing stock to many who did not know the power of prayer. But the eighteen pioneers asked of God CH'NA 18Y4 EXPANSION OF THE CHINA INLAND MISSION-FIRST DECADE Extension of the work to 1876; still unoccupied provinces in black EXPANSION OF THE CHINA INLAND MISSION-I teach precious lessons of the faithfulness of God. Up to 1867, no Protestant missionaries in Financial needs were never mentioned, save in eleven provinces (black) 'the inner circle, where they were constantly spread before the Lord in prayer. Walking before were hardly ready for their task before the long- Him day by day, why look to man for the succor closed doors were thrown open by the Chefoo Con- He has promised? But the inspired prayer, "Give vention (1876), and the young evangelists w~re us this day our daily bread," often took on new the first to avail themselves of the new situation. meaning. Such was the morning, for example, In two brief years they traveled over thirtythou- when there was nothing to put on the table for sand miles in those unreached provinGes, preach- breakfast when the first bell rang. The interval ing the Gospel, scattering Scriptures and, tr!l!!ts of ten minutes before the second bell changed the and even opening settled mission stations. ,A glance at the China of 1866 and that of 1877,will situation providentially, for a hamper arrived show the advance that had been made,:a.tJhe latter from some unknown friend with a generous supdate only one province still excluding :r1l.essellgers ply of groceries and provisions, and the large of the Gospel-the province of Hun~J.JamOlisto- household sat down with thankfulness to a wellday for its Christian preaching-band'S,;,: . spread board.

And the ground gained was nevet 'lost; fot the CHINA vital work of evangelization went' on, reinforced more and more by missionary women,until in .817 1890, the four hundred members of'the Inland Mission were settled in seventy-five stations, EXPANSION OF THE CHINA INLAND MISSION-III chiefly in the interior. All provinces occupied in 1877. Hunan opened later. . 'Kwangsi and Mongolia developed by other missions *** Back in Toronto, the work had taken deep r{)ot, Mr. Frost's spiritual ministry being much, valued. Tests of faith were many, but,theY:.{l.ll ~el'vedto I. .

GOD'S VOICE FROM CHINA

:sao G"OWT>~ GtOWTK h. THl NUMBi:f IN TriE. HUMSEI oJ 0' C.l.M. lIAPi'SMS i" STAT10M& C.I.M. DISTR.ICT5 ….·100 ilEaL – 19~'

199 IU '1$ STEADY GROWTH IN CENTERS OCCUPIED BY THE C. I. M. INCREASE IN BAPTISMS IN c. I. M. Special growth after times of special suffering. There are also two thousand out-stations. IN ANSWER TO PRAYER Special growth after Boxer Outbreak, the Revolution, the One is tempted to dwell upon many of the answers to prayer recorded in the recent volume Evacuation period, and in the present war ("By Faith"), but one other must suffice. saw by the handwriting, was from a member of The rather gruff landlord of the first home of the Council who knew nothing about the immethe Mission in Toronto was in the habit of calling diate situation. Thinking it concerned some busiregularly for his rent. He made no profession of ness, Mr. Frost put it in his pocket, but half way being a Christian, and Mr. Frost was the more to the office was impelled to open it. To his suranxious to be always ready with the full amount. prise, it contained a check. And there, when he But one month, through an oversight, the money looked at it eagerly, was the ·one and .the five of laid aside for the purpose proved to be fifteen dol- the sum so much desired, but it was not fifteen lars short. Twenty dollars were in hand, but not dollars 1 To the figures that stood out from the thirty-five; and the treasury was empty. The check a naught had been added – it was for morning came when the rent was due, and still $150.00. Almost overwhelmed at such an anprayer seemed unanswered. Not a little dis- swer to prayer, Mr. Frost hastened back to tell tressed, Mr. Frost was up with the first trace of his waiting wife that the Lord had indeed prodaylight, haunted, even as he waited upon God, vided. by persistent suggestions of unbelief: "I knew He would," was the quiet though "Oh, yes, you will get the money, but not to- rejoicing reply, for Mrs. Frost's faith had been day-not before the landlord comes I" unperturbed.

Stopped in the hallway as he was leaving for With a full heart, the young Secretary arrived his office, Mr. Frost was told that a letter had been at his office to find that the episode was not finhanded in and was lying on the piano. This, he ished. . The Lord had something further to teach him about His watchful care. In the mail-box was another letter, 'placed there by hand-for it

had no stamp or post mark-and imperfectly ad- sular orders for the evacuation of British and dressed. Evidently it was from someone who American nationals from the interior of China. wished to remain unknown. For on opening it, That crisis of 1927 can be better imagined than Mr. Frost found a blank sheet of paper-not a described. More than six hundred C. 1. M. misword of writing-and folded within it were three sionaries were obliged to come down to the seanew five-dollar bills. What could it mean-the coast, leaving their loved work, and with no homes fifteen dollars over again! to go to, save as the Lord provided. But provide He did, and in such wonderful ways that no one "This time I did not rush back to Mrs. Frost. was without a true C. 1. M. welcome to temporary She was too far away. But I did hurry up to the quarters, and every account for traveling and office, where my overcharged heart found relief other unforeseen expenses was paid the day it was in praising the God of all grace. Since then, I presented. Truly, "God is our refuge and strength, have often thought that the gift of a hundred and a very present help in time of trouble." The chief fifty dollars was to show how ample the love of point is that every time of crisis was followed by God is, and the gift of fifteen to show the exact- greatly enlarged blessing. ness of His understanding care." To these three periods of crisis is now added *** the present war-situation in China, in which the Mission is facing greater perils and perplexities But tq come to the enlargement of the Mission's than ever before. But our Omnipotent Leader is home-base which followed the extension to North "the same, yesterday, and today and for ever." America. Troublous times lay ahead. Unknown This is why we have been and are enabled to adto any but the Supreme Director of the work, His vance rather than retreat and to send out large servants were to glorify Him in the terrible suf- reinforcements to meet the adversary's challenge ferings of the Boxer Outbreak in 1900. No fewer in this hour of his seeming triumph. than fifty-eight of the missionaries to win a martyr's crown, that summer, were members of the It is appropriate that in this Jubilee Year of the C. 1. M. More prayer, more faith, more love were Mission's history-half a century from the sailing needed to strengthen the whole Mission, at home of the first American party – the complete story and in China, for its baptism of fire. And in His should be published under the revealing title, "By own wonderful way the Lord prepared for the Faith," which emphasizes the secret of victory. crisis that He only could foresee. Before us lie greater opportunities and more urgent needs than ever before. God's voice from Those years from 1888, when the North Amer- China rings out a new and perhaps last call to ican branch was founded, witnessed extension to faithful following in the steps of our crucified, other lands also, until some time before the year ever-living Lord, the world's only Redeemer. This 1900 the Mission had become international as to is no time for fear or for retreat. Forty-two new its home constituency. The Prayer Union com- missionaries sent out this fall, including eight menced in North America spread with the growth fully qualified physicians, surely means that beof the work, gathering many into its fellowship fore us is still set an open door. in Europe and Australasia as well as in the United States and Canada. And surely it was this world- "No man can shut it" as long as God gives us wide intercession that sustained the Mission in the privilege of being "workers together with that overwhelming flood of suffering, and carried it through to the bleslsed aftermath of following Him" in and for China.t That great land is seeing years. Up to 1900, the baptisms in connection with the C. 1. M. had totalled about 14,000, that is Jesus as never before-seeing Him in the sacriover a period of thirty-four years; but the single ficial love and labors of His children. And Christ decade that followed, witnessed 22,000 baptisms -the suffering, dying, everliving Saviour – is in C. 1. M. stations, and a corresponding increase drawing countless hearts to Himself who alone in the centres occupied, as may be seen from the can meet China's need. accompanying diagrams. Have not they a right to know of His redeeming Since then, the record has been the same love? Has He not charged us with the saving mesthrough the years, for the story haS been one of sage, promising His own presence and enablement crisis after crisis, right up to the present period "even unto the end of the age"? It is our day of of warfare. Following the Boxer troubles came the opportunity, priceless opportunity, of which we difficult period of the Revolution, when large parts shall e.ach one have to give account. We call him of China were devastated by the armies of "White "Master and Lord." Oh, to see what He would Wolf" and other brigand leaders. Then i;ame the have us see, that we may do while we can what World War, with its inevitable repercussions; He would have us do! the rising power of Communism and Russian influence; the fearful sack of Nanking, and Con- t Including these reinforcoments, the staff of the Mission now numbers more than thirteen hundred foreign missionaries and four thousand Chinese workers.

To Interest Men in

Some Practical Methods from Experience with Men of Our Churches HELP THEM UNDERSTAND THE cult to discover which is cause and which is effect.

CALL OF CHRIST If men become genuinely committed to the service By BISHOP RALPH CUSHMAN, DENVER, COLO. of our Lord they will, as a matter of acoreurfsoe~nbd.e devoted to His interests wherever men Resident Bishop of the Methodist Episcopal Church If men become interested in serving their fellows If I am to interest men in missions I must, first in the spirit of Christ, near and far, they are of all, have a conviction myself as to the authority bound to have a deepening fellowship with their of the Great Commission and the reasons behind Lord, which is sure to express itself in every it. I must believe that the Lord Jesus called us, avenue of life. His disciples, to preach and practice the Kingdom of God on this earth. I must believe this so pro- But how shall we begin to interest men in misfo.undly that I will either stop praying, "Thy sions? Kmgdom come on earth," or will set out to cooperate with Christ in bringing it to pass. I do My own experience, and that of others that I not believe that there is any substitute for this have observed, is that the beginning of a growing interest and concern is to get people to give money to some specific missionary project or person.

burning conviction in my own mind and heart. While missionary administrators may have trouble with those who wish to give to special Second, I must clearly see how tragic are the persons or projects, there is no doubt that people results of failure to preach and practice the King- grow in missionary concern when they have direct dom of God on earth. In all of our churches, and contact with some individual or group about in the lives of individual church members, this is apparent. Our people perish for lack of vision. whose work they receive first-hand information. This conclusion is based on actual first-hand ex- Even if we hold that the chief business of the perience and close-up observation. Church is to acquaint its members with God, it is impossible to do this apart from the missionary But how can we persuade a person who while nominally and probably really Christian, has no vision. It is not by searching but by following great zeal for the work of Christ, to make a bethat men finally find God. Obedience is the organ ginning in giving money? It is here that the in- genuity of Christian love has a chance to operate. of knowledge. Years ago I heard Dr. George A. Gordon say, "Our churches are full of people who have never No spiritual education is likely to be easy. We understood what the call of Christ really is." This must seek to keep the work of Christ before peo- ple until they begin to see the sheer fun of having is true now. The majority of church members partnership with God. project the Kingdom of God almost entirely into Of all methods for arousing and deepening such the next world, and give almost no thought as to an interest there is nothing like the study of the Christ's plan that his Kingdom shall come "on earth as it is in Heaven." Until we get this larger New Testament. A careful study of the life of vision there is little hope that we can have closer A. A. Hyde, of Wichita, who became one of the great givers to missions of his life time, clearly communion with· Christ. demonstrates that his passion for giving money to Therefore it seems to me that the business of help forward the cause of Christ began when he interesting men in missions is only secondarily a made an intense study of the Bible, and especially matter of methods, it is primarily a matter of a the Sermon on the Mount. He said that he there conviction as to the imperativeness of the build- discovered no justification for a Christian laying ing of the Kingdom of Christ in all the earth. up a fortune and from the time he made that dis- THE CAUSE AND THE EFFECT covery "literal obedience was determined upon." It is a dangerous thing to read thoughtfully our By REV. GEORGE IRVING, PHILADELPHIA Christian Scriptures if one does not want to give Author of "A. A. Hyde-Master of Money" with enthusiasm to the cause of Christ, without geographical or other limitation. My two specific The primary question is, "How can we lead men suggestions then in answer to the first question to commit themselves to our LordJesus Christ are: and to His K~ngdom?". . 1. Endeavor to establish an interest in the work In attemptmg to arrIve at an answer it is diffi- of some missionary person or group.

[15 ]

2. Major on persuading people to make an hood and national growth equals that of any other honest, intelligent effort to know the Christian group. Those were strong men, those pioneer Scriptures, especially the clear testimony of our missionaries, interested in every phase of a good Lord and His apostles. life. This same is true of hundreds of men on our mission fields today.

BY A SENSE OF PERSONAL OBLIGATION In the case of Home Missions, we must show what is being done for the support of the best By REV. MERLYN A. CHAPPEL, NEW YORK form of democratic government. Home mission- Board of National Missions, Presbyterian Church, U. S. A. aries are at work in the "crisis areas" of Amer- Tens of thousands of American Christian men ican life where the going is hardest, the economic are giving to the support of missions, but the co- conditions are most trying, educational facilities operation of many thousands more must be won are least likely to be good, and opportunities for before the missionary enterprise receives ade- uplifting fellowship are not numerous. Church quate financial support. How may we interest men should know that our missionaries are great more men in missions? The following suggestions exponents of Christian democracy, emphasizing have been gathered from experience in the work by word and life the value of every human soul of missionary promotion in the home-church. in every area of our land. It can be said truly that Home Missions Societies are the greatest We can help our men of the church to develop force for true Christian Americanization in the the sense of social responsibility. They already entire country. have this to a larger extent in the field of community service. The distinctly Christian mission- Missionary speakers soon learn that they must ary challenge, when squarely faced, adds breadth win men to themselves as a preliminary to winand fulness to a man's social vision. The implica- ning them to their cause. There is no distinction tions of this truth came home to me recently in of sex at this point. Women speakers can do this the form of a challenge at a luncheon of many as well as men. Earnestness and a complete deservice and welfare organizations at the launch- votion to the missionary enterprise are essentials ing of the annual Community Chest drive in one to winning strong men to missions. Speakers of our progressive middle western cities. The must be recognized as the voice of the mission churches were well represented at the speakers' field.

table, as well as throughout the dining room. As We must show the men that when they invest I noted the feeling which the speakers, all men, their money in missions it is well invested. Mis- put into their appeal for the less favored citizens sion funds are handled by men who employ good of their community, I could see that they were business methods. Missionary money is not pleading for several prominent features of the wasted in denominational competition, but is missionary program. Surely it should not be dif- rather used for the purpose of making the nation ficult to enlist those men who were speaking, and Christian.. Many a man has become interested in the men who were listening to them so intently, missions by hearing the story of the birth of the in the active support of the world-wide missionary National Church in China and the equally roman- enterprise. tic story of the interdenominational success of the We can make a much wider use of the pulpit Board for Christian Work in Santo Domingo.

for the presentation of missions. Men are most Men are drawn to missions when we appeal to likely to be found at the Sunday morning service. their sense of fairness in the recognition of a debt.

Pastors who include missionary illustrations in In the United States we owe our religious life to their sermons Sunday after Sunday know full the missionary, foreign first, then national.

well the value of this in making missions seem a More than 90% of our churches have, at some natural thing for presentation to a Christian con- time in their history, received Home Mission gregation. Splendid missionary material is avail- funds. Sunday school missions are responsible able today in great quantity and concise form. for the building up of thousands of American Mission Board representatives who come as speak- churches. We must make this fact known and ers endeavor to make their sermon a part of the then challenge our men to give other people the service of worship, just as truly as the pastor chance to hear the Gospel, to become acquainted does. with Christ, and to find salvation through Him.

We can acquaint the men of our churches with Men respond to such an appeal.

the strong men who pioneered in establishing mis- The tragedy is that not more than one third of sion stations at home and abroad. In America the members of our men and women give to the the missionary was as truly a pioneer as was the benevolent causes of the Church. The hopeful settler, the merchant, and the soldier in the early thing is that many men are now reading mission days. His contribution to the foundation of state- literature as never· before.

HOW TO INTEREST MEN IN MISSIONS 1'7

ONE PASTOR'S EXPERIENOE says, "Seek ye first the Kingdom of God and all these things shall be added unto you." By putting REV. OSWALD J. SMITH, D.D., TORONTO world evangelism first we find that all things needed are added, for God is true to His Word. Pastor of The Peoples Churck INFORMATION AND MOTIVATION In the Peoples Church, Toronto, we do not have a Women's Missionary Society. No money is By REV. CHARLES E. SCHAEFFER, D.D., raised through concerts, bazaars, entertainments, sales and similar devices. Nevertheless – or as PHILADELPHIA one result-the offering for missions three years ago was $36,000.00; two years ago it was Secretary' of the Board of Home Missions, $43,000.00; this year it has been $46,000.00. Reformed Church in the U. S.

We now support 130 missionaries, foreign and Men usually are interested in big things and in national, on some twenty different fields through- going concerns. Somehow they have gained the out the world. We have taught our people for impression that missions are a side issue in the years that the supreme task of the Church is the program of the Church and that they are supevangelization of the world, and they have caught ported by the small change. given by the contributhe vision. We have trained them, each and every tors. The bigness of the enterprise has never one, to contribute systematically to the great work captured the imagination of our men. Conseof Christian missions. quently, if we wish to enlist their interest and co- operation we must magnify mi,ssions as a thor- If we were to relegate the work of missions to oughly worthwhile enterprise. We must remove a group of women we would be saying, in effect, the impression that such a work can be supported that the supreme task of the Church is not the on a nickle a week basis. evangelization of the world but that this is only a side issue which a Women's Missionary Society Most men need more information regarding the could easily attend to while the men of the church work of missions. But this is not their chief dedid something more important. That would be ficiency. Even now they fail to respond to the the inference. amount of information which they already pos- sess. Wherever there is a wide gulf between in- We have fifty elders in the Peoples Church. formation and action the whole process becomes Practically everyone contributes systematically. sterile and men's work is dwarfed. Men need We have one hundred and thirty-five in our choir motivation rather than information. Motivation and orchestra and they likewise take part each is produced in two ways: first, by a new sense of year in this great work. Our Sunday school chil- values and appreciation of the real worthwhiledren contributed $1,200.00. Our Young People ness of the task; second, by an inward urge or do likewise. Everyone has caught the vision and desire to do what ought to be done. Methods, each one feels his responsibility. conferences, technique, may prove helpful in gen- erating interest in missions but personal contacts We hold a great Missionary Convention in April with individuals, fostering in their hearts a sense each year when we invite missionaries from all of value, will accomplish the best results. If men over the world who are home on furlough to at- can be led to make big investments in this entertend and speak. Two addresses are given each prise, they will show greater interest. "Where afternoon and each evening. The morning is de- your treasure is there will your heart be also." voted to prayer. These sessions continue for But the reverse is also true: "Where your heart seven days, and thus the people get a vision of a is there your treasure will go also." world's need. INTEREST IN GREAT AOHIEVEMENTS Finally, on the 8th day, the closing Sunday, missionary offerings are taken at all services in By REV. CHAS. T. LEBER, NEW YORK the form of cash and promises for the next twelve months; month by month the people pay in the Secretary of the Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions amount promised, dividing their entire donation into twelve parts. Thus our needs are met. In my judgment there are four emphases to be stressed if we are to interest men in missionary By this method we have found that the men of work: our congregation are intensely interested in missions; in fact, they look eagerly forward to the I. Make the interpretation of missions to men day when they are to make their contributions, statesmenlike in scope and content. and because we are putting first things first God is blessing us at home; at almost every service That is to say, lead men to see (in sermon, ad-: people are compelled to stand or are turned away dress or conference) that the Christian mission is in spite of the fact that we can pack as many as not just one little story after another, but that the two thousand and more into our auditorium. God

missiQnary movement is the greatest cause in the THROUGH MISSIONARY READING world meeting such issues as world peace, eco- By REV. HAROLD S. LAIRD, WILMINGTON, nomicjustie:e,thetotalitarian state and the whole DELAWARE Pastor of the First Independent Church of Wilmington question· of security and. progress with a realism and a power that is not evident in these issues as they are being met by any other government in the Men should be interested in missions in the world today. same manner in which women are interested, II. Keep men informed constantly as to the great namely, through private missionary reading and achievements and outstanding events of the the study classes. The problem, however, in in- missionary enterprise. teresting men is found in the fact that so few men have a desire to use these methods. Myex- Sporadic talks are not sufficient. Keep up a perience has been that, even with women, it is thorough and persistent program of missionary always a small percentage of the membership of education for men, thoughtfully persuading them the church that has sufficient interest to take up to read books, pamphlets, news-letters and bul- either private reading or the mission study class letinsl (all of which are available if sought) and work. In view of this fact, I am persuaded that thus keep men's minds awake and their hearts the pulpit must not neglect its message on the sensitive to what the Christian movement really Great Commission.

is doing across the world. Once a missionary asked me if I believed that III. Give a man, something to do in the mission- missionary interest is waning in the Church at ary cause. home. I replied that missionary interest is not waning in any church whose pastor's interest is Put men on commissions to study missionary not waning. Just as men and women are attracted issues, on committees to plan for missionary occa- to the Church of Christ by the preaching of the sions, in groups to meet and confer with mis- Gospel of Christ, so they are interested in the exsionary personalities, on programs to speak on tension of the Gospel by the testimony of the missionary subjects, in campaigns to raise mis- Word of God regarding this all-important Chrissionary quotas, on boards to direct miss.ionary tian obligation. affairs, on creative tasks for missionary projects. Surely men are as much interested as women IV. Let a pastor plan and carry out the mission- in the thrilling accounts of the power of the Gos- pel unto the salvation of people of every kindred, ary task as the responsibility of his entire tongue and nation, when the story is told by one church, and not as of one group in the church, and then men will take their share who has been God's instrument in the salvation of souls in heathen lands. Because of this fact, it of missionary responsibility. has been my custom to bring into my pulpit the best miss,ionaries I could find. Nothing interests EXHIBITS FROM LIFE either men or women in any subject like the first- By REV. EDWARD D. KOHLSTEDT, PHILADELPHIA hand testimony of those who speak from experience. Executive Secretary of the Board of Home Missions, Methodist Episcopal Church AN ANSWER IN A MEN'S MISSIONARY First-Portraitures from the laboratory of life, LEAGUE * rather than dissertations on the philosophy of missions or elaborate statistical summaries, are By FRANK STEWART the most convincing presentations of either home Church Editor of The Cleveland Press or foreign missions. Every churchwoman in Cleveland knows "the Second-While statistics do sustain vital rela- missionary society is strictly a job for the ladies."

tionships to the cause of missions, the most real- That has been the way almost since they built istic proof of the success or failure of missionary the first church back in colonial days.

investments must be found not in statistical tables, Either in the little old country congregation or but in evident exhibits of enriched individual and the big city denomination, it's always been the collective life. Women's Missionary Society and the Ladies' Aid Third–According to my experience and ob- that baked the cakes and managed the oyster supservation, the average congregation is most read- pers. They've raised the funds to pay for the ily challenged and quickened by stories .of actual mission work in India, Egypt and China. experiences in fields of missionary activity which have revealed worthwhile social and spiritual As for a Men's Missionary Society – well, no one ever dreamed of that-sounded too much like ;,I.chievements. • From The Cleveland Pre88.

HOW TO INTEREST MEN IN MISSIONS

one of those "believe it or not" affairs. And yet, An address was given by the Rev. T. Clifford right in Cleveland's back yard there is just such Strangeway on "World Service Today." an organization – a Men's Missionary Society! This men's society-formed solely for support and READING AND DISCUSSION GROUPS study of missions-is located in Elyria. It is included in the activities of the Elyria United Pres- FOR MEN * byterian Church and has a membership of more than forty men. Rev. George Taylor, Jr., D.D.,. pastor of the *** First Presbyterian Church, of Wilkinsburg, Pa., This Men's Missionary Society numbers on its recently hit upon the idea of a Mission Book Club roster professional men, coal dealers, store owners, clerks, factory employees, linotype oper- for Men. Two hundred and twenty men in Dr. ators, grocers, insurance men-representatives of most any kind of business you can mention. Taylor's church and in two other churches of The Elyria men changed the traditional Wom- Pittsburgh read "Mecca and Beyond" by Dr. and en's Missionary Society in only one way. They amended the title just a bit and call themselves Mrs. Edward M. Dodd. Upon the conclusion of the Men's Missionary League-dropping off the word "society." The idea for the unusual church the reading, 146 members of the club met to hear organization was that of the pastor, the Rev. George A. Brown, who has headed the church for an address by the author ·and to ta;ke part in a fifteen years. He organized the group Nov. 20, 1933, when he decided men, as well as women, forum discussion. . should be interested in extension of the church in foreign countries. As a result his Men's Mission- In the club membership of sixty-nine from the ary League has received national notice in church publications throughout the country. The move- First Ch].lrch of Wilkinsburg are fourteen engiment is spreading in congregations of the United Presbyterian Church throughout the United neers, seven executives, two clergymen, twelve States. clerks, eight bankers and financiers, two dentists, *** one superintendent of schools, two teachers, five Who do the men do? And what kind of fellows are they? salesmen, three heads of business, two attorneys, First, about their program. They hold mission three insurance men, and eight unclassified. study classes. They know where and how their denomination works in Egypt and India-prin- A Book Club for Men can be organized through cipal mission fields of the United Presbyterian Church. the men in any church or groups of churches, if The League pays for support of a native the pastors will lead the way. Very little of what preacher in one of the districts of India. No emphasis is placed upon finances. The principal in- men read deals with a constructive presentation terest of the group is spiritual and not financial. of the Christian way of life as it finds expression In addition to the strictly mission work, the League has a boys' committee and welfare group in the races of the world. The object of this club which takes part in civic and social activities of the church and community. is to encourage men to be informed as to the con- It was five years ago last November that a quests of Christianity as the true revelation of group of men in the United Presbyterian Church of Elyria, Ohio, met at the request of their pastor, God in Jesus Christ. the Rev. G. A. Brown, to organize a Men's Missionary League, the first of its kind. This group Any man who promises to read the particular has grown steadily in numbers and missionary interest. As an outgrowth of the movement book which has been chosen becomes a member of started in the local church there are now seven Men's Missionary Leagues in the presbytery. the club and is invited to the dinner meeting when Recently on a Monday evening, over sixty men the book will be discussed. The only expense is gathered at the church to observe their fifth anniversary. the cost of the book and of the dinner in case the member attends.

There should be a simple organization and men who hold responsible positions in the church life should be asked to serve as officers. If they show interest it will be easy to enlist some of the other men of the church. An enthusiastic minister is necessary to ensure the success of the club. The dinner meeting is the end of the club for any book.

When the club is organized the date is set far enough ahead to give the members ample time to read. Questions that arise in the mind of the member can be noted and become part of the open forum at the dinner. Several churches may join together for the dinner discussion, and someone well versed in the subject should be chosen as the leader.

The secretary of the club should keep a roll of the club members with the name and address of each member, stating he purchased a book, and whether he expects to attend the dinner. In or- ganizing a new club this information will be of great value.

• • From Ohristian WorJd Facts, 1938.

Missionaries Work in

Extracts from letters of pastors, teachers, doctors, and industrial missionaries, of the American Presby- terian Mission in West Africa, printed in lIThe Drum Call" (October, 1938) in Elat, Cameroon A MISSIONARY PASTOR'S DAY that all Bible teachings are true and then we join By THE REV. FRANK O. EMERSON with them in the Lord's Prayer.

Passing village after village we presently come "Here Kan, we go far tomorrow, so we must to a large company of mourners, a few wailing, divide the night for an early start. Is everything most of them sitting quietly under the eaves of ready?". the huts. They welcome a short message of com- "All set, but one thing; the only avocado is fort and prayer. Soon we come to a large stream.

spoiled, but we found a fresh pawpaw." How to cross depends on several things; most "I'll be shouting if you are not out at four!") fortunate if a canoe is at hand. If not too deep Just as I was closing the hut door with a slab we may just wade in, shoes and all, but we are of bark I heard someone near. already soaked to the knees with dew from the "Who is there?" I asked. grass. When the water is deeper one may de- "Me," was the only response. grade himself by being carried on another's back, It was a Nicodemian call; a man with several or in absence of onlookers he may hoist his clothes wives who had decided to become a Christian but to his head and wade. This time we found the before a public profession wanted to know if he water a little over knee-deep so we waded over.

must send his wives home to their brothers and At noon we rested in a village where there is a await their return of the dowry. It was quite school and chapel. They had heard of our coming true and he left with a crowded brow and repeat- and mashed plantain and thick peanut soup were ed assurance of Divine help. An hour had been ready for the men, with a dessert of sugar-cane cut from my short night, but soon I was com- and bananas. My own lunch was suppJemented fortably stretched on my camp bed. by two eggs and a pineapple. After half an hour Suddenly I found myself half sitting up; under we trudged on, our feet heavy, our garments the flashlight my watch indicated a quarter to soaked with perspiration, the tropical noonday four. As I stooped to pass under the eaves drip- sun was pouring down on us wherever we were ping with dew I discovered Kan already blowing compelled to leave the shade of the forest.

the embers into flame in the little thatch kitchen. Near three o'clock in the afternoon we were By the time I was ready there was a breakfast coming down the hill to the last stream before awaiting me of fruit, cereal, coffee, an egg fried reaching the outstation church toward which we with bacon and toast. Some of the carriers came were bound; a small boy ran dripping from the sleepily in, unstrung the bed net, packed the bed- stream and started up the hill opposite calling, ding and folded up the cot. By five-thirty we were "He's come! He's come!" As we climbed the hill feeling our way along the path in the darkness we heard one and another of our loads set down that was just beginning to fade. with a thud and the shouts of our men as they Someone called, "Tell my sister in the town splashed about in the shallow stream. Women three rivers ahead that our small father (uncle) were vociferously warned away, for this was a is very sick." Another dark form approached civilized community. While still some distance with outstretched hand and said: "Remember from the village we were surrounded by school to tell the teacher in Ovefi to send me the two children calling out greetings. I took their out- francs he owes me." stretched hands, sometimes three or four at once.

A mile further along we come to a village where How clean and cool some of them were! And a man is beating a call drum with little zest. It some of them-well, never mind.

is the call to village prayers. No one else is in Then came the women, not so noisy but not sight and we pass on, just as the first gapping, lacking in zest. Those with babies were pleased stretching people respond to the call of the drum. if the little one would hold my finger or smile; Another mile and we find some twenty people others would laugh uproariously if the child cried.

gathered for prayers and the leader is droning Finally, in the street the dozen or more teachers the tune, "Onward Christian Soldiers" to time and evangelists, displaying due dignity and re- that would lose the battle for any army. We enter serve; one dressed in tattered trousers and shred- and bow our heads while prayer is offered and ded singlet because his good clothes were not yet remain through the twenty minutes of assurance. ironed from the wash; others fortunate in hav- [20 ] ing second best clothes, and some, either well-to- amy after she had confessed years ago; now the do or foresighted, with white trousers, shoes, sal~ other women have all died and she wants to be shirts, ties and hats. Later in the day the mature counted in."

men of the village would come to salute us in "Do you think her heart has changed?"

our lodging. "Of that only the Lord knows. Ah, to change Very soon Kan announces that "tea sits" and there on my knock-down table-or, is it a set-up table? are sliced bananas, fresh toast and jam.

Did ever a meal taste so good!

The men were in the teacher's house disposing of more food than is worth while to enumerate.

Soon the native pastor and his wife appear, one carrying a chicken, the other a basin in which are piled avocados, oranges, eggs, a few pine- apples and pawpaws, while a small boy comes lugging a bunch of bananas. This is the first offering to the white man's appetite; other things will follow through succeeding days but with less formality. Now my canvas bath is ready and the second great privilege of the day is about to take place. Anyone approaching is warned that, "He Photo from C. E. Whittier bathes." SCHOOL CHILDREN WITH THEIR WOODEN SLATES The native pastor approaches with notebook from sin to righteousness is a thing only God can and file cards. Would I like to know what is laid bring about. We should rejoice that His Spirit up for the church session tomorrow? I would accomplishes it, or what would we do?" -not like~but should! After a warm supper and a bit of quiet fel- "Forty applicants for baptism and you find lowship under the moon, weariness sends us early them all prepared?" I ask. to our waiting cot where the prayer drum will waken us to a new day on the morrow. "Well, we find they have done nothing." Not the strongest recommendation you think, until you understand that he refers to heinous sins.

"And for advancement as catechumens-twen- A MISSIONARY TEACHER'S DAY ty-eight? Do all of them know their catechisms?" By MYRTlE KIRBY MCCLEARY I ask.

"You yourself must decide. Some are stupid, Everyone knows that a teacher's interests are some are old and some perhaps are a bit lazy, but not confined to the schoolroom, especially if she is a housekeeper as well, with an adjacent garden and yard to supervise. A busy day, and its con- tact with the people, should bless both the helper and the helped.

I was awakened at three in the morning by voices outside my window. Startled I slipped through the darkness and peered down. Three bulky forms were huddled against the house, and I called down, "Who is there?" I caiIed.

"Bia" (Weare), came the answer in female voices.

. "What do you want?"

"We have brought food to sell."

THE PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH AT ELAT, WEST AFRICA "But why at this hour?" "Oh, the soldiers are on the path at daylight and would take it. Please we find that they too have done nothing," I am come see it." .

told. "Can you not rest on the porch until morning?"

"Tomorrow we shall know. And what of new "No, we have to go to our gardens."

confessors?" I ask. Remembering the hungry houseboys, I donned "Of them there are many; some of their cases kimona and bed-shoes, lit the lantern and came await yourself. One woman married into polyg- out onto the porch. I thought to buy hastily by

the basketful, for I was sleepy and chilly, but no to help each other. During my first period, which –everything must be piled and counted, for the is reading, one stood to read the Gospel and mis- brown woman's financial sense is keen and the pronounced a word. That amused a younger boy white woman's must match hers. But finally all and he laughed. This so irritated the reader that was accounted for. I bade them "walk well" and he stopped, faced about and thoroughly rebuked they departed. the laughing one who retorted; it required dis- Cuddled down in bed again, my next alarm was cipline to regain quiet. When we had finished the from the Girls' School near by. They were open- tragic story of the death of Judas Iscariot, three ing the day with morning prayers. How they did hands shot up for question. I nodded to the first sing! In spirit I joined with them as the chorus one, but all asked in unison, "What became of the rolled out through the darkness: "I Need Thee, bag?"-indicating there were more Judas na- Oh I Need Thee"-we both did. I felt better be- tUres. Sometimes, when their childishness is very cause they had awakened me this way, just as pronounced, then I remember that this very ele- the brown women through the darkness had ment in their cheerful nature seems to be a bless- brought material food for my need. Thoroughly ing. Arithmetic is the older men's Waterloo.

awakened, I sought the "quiet hour" after which When I found one looking earnestly under his I was ready for the day. The bird song, the dawn, desk, believing he had a flyleaf of "tables," I the awakening activities, all made me glad to be walked around and found him counting on his alive. fingers. When I asked if he did not know how The house boys came to receive instructions for many fingers he had he said his hand itched and the day. I directed their work and peeped into he was scratching it! They are generally clever the kitchen where my "boy of all work" presides. at drawing and would be at writing, if they did It was fairly clean; the stove did not shine as not add quirks and curls to the simpler modern when freshly blackened, nor were the dish towels form.

as white as when freshly laundered. But he tin- Their good nature carries them far, as was il- kled the call-bell and I sat down to a good break- lustrated one morning when I thought a boy had fast, thankful for cook and food. forgotten to remove his wool cap. I came from While at breakfast the garden women come behind and tried to quickly jerk it off and surprise for their day's work-a trio whom I sometimes him, only to find I was the surprised one for I feel I do not need as much as they seem to need found his hair was cut cap-form and it was his my help. Faithful, industrious, loyal, daily ex- crown I was trying to lift! He laughed when I amples of true women. One morning there were did, but took my advice to have his hair cut.

no pawpaws in the cupboard. They are my break- After four hours' work, broken by a short re- fast food. But ere I sat down, Evina, one of my cess, I hurried home. On the porch was a Mo- garden women, appeared smiling as she held out hammedan trader with his goods spread out three saying, "I peeped into the cupboard last awaiting me; a boy who wanted a guitar string, night and saw there were none, so I got up early four school girls waI).ted beads. I bought a trinket to pick and bring these to you." Bless her! of the trader, supplied the string and the beads, But the school bell is ringing and I grab a bag went through the house, out of the back door, of books and hurry away, trusting all to the help- made a round of inspection of the morning's work ers. On the porch are waiting boys who follow and sat down to lunch. Too tired to eat, I thought.

me, telling me their wants en route-to beg a pen- Then I rose refreshed and slipped into my sleep- cil, to work for a copybook, to borrow a song book, ing porch with a magazine. The latter faded into to ask a question about the lesson. I answer all oblivion in time and I slept until the two o'clock and provide, if I can, as I rush on. bell called me back to the primary boys' school.

At the schoolhouse door are about two hundred Again my porch seemed full. A boy with a men and boys who are waiting for the final call wound he wanted bandaged and one wanting a and with their three teachers we go in together. little piece of soap to wash his cloth. I finally Devotions first, the native teacher leading. We satisfied them and rushed away to the school- have songs, prayer and Scripture lesson, after house. What a noise as I neared it! One hundred which we have a brief practice in note singing. and fifty little boys and ten teachers. One saw How the boys enjoy it, and how quickly they take me, gave the alarm and there was a rush for the four voices and sing their parts! When some seats and positions; heads bowed over books and were so often tardy for the devotions we re.quired slates and all was quiet for a moment, then work all late ones to sit in the rear of the house until resumed. I went from class to class, watching class hour. . teachers listening to readers and inspecting their My class of prospective teachers numbered fifty: wooden slates-much faulty work, but some very They have never learned to whisper and "silence good, done with those little lead pencils that were is golden" there, but we try to arrange recitations once held in white hands in America. There was

HOW MISSIONARIES. WORK IN AFRICA

PRIMARY VERNACULAR SCHOOL AND TEACHERS IN THE PRESBYTERIAN MISSION, CAMEROON another commotion when closing time came and rarily be laid aside, and a day devoted to physical slates, pencils, rulers, counters and books were relaxation, perhaps, and spiritual renewal. Tocollected. But after a hearty song, they all said day no operations, no clinics, no workmen to prod, "Our Father" in prayer. Once outside, some quar- no machinery to repair, no disputes to be settled." reling, more fun and the head teacher saw them started homeward, while I placed tomorrow's Before a breakfast of pawpaws, avocado pears lesson on the blackboard. and oranges could be finished, there comes a medical boy with the tidings that there is at the En route home I encountered a trader's boy, hospital a very much frightened young man who while on the porch stood myoId boy, Mejo. I went was bitten by a snake while going to the river to for my shower bath, fresh clothes and a rest, bathe. There was no time to be lost. By instinct After the evening meal and other interruptions or custom, very fortunately, a tight bush-rope the curfew bell rang at nine o'clock. I looked at tourniquet had been applied, before coming in to a pile of unanswered letters, selected one and be- the hospital. Still more fortunately the patient gan; but my head went down, my eyes shut and had merely stepped on a sharp stone, but on that letter was put off for a more convenient searching through the bushes a companion hapseason. The spirit was willing but I went to bed. pened to see a small snake. A vivid African im- agination did the rest. A MISSIONARY DOCTOR'S DAY Now it is time to make Sunday morning rounds, By ROBERT H. MCCRACKIN, M.D. which must be done early enough to allow the medical assistants to bathe and groom themselves, As usual the rattling of pans in the kitchen whether to teach a class or to hold a meeting out announces the fact that another day has dawned. at a leper colony or in one of the neighboring Yet, not just another day, for it is Sabbath, the villages. A medical assistant is primarily a day of rest, when one may stay in bed later. Christian worker and personal evangelist, and is Breakfast is not until 6: 45. What a relief it is given time from the routine of hospital life for to realize, as the objects in the room begin to these activities both in the hospital and in the make sense, "Here is one day when the suffering surrounding country. He realizes that our hosof mankind and of getting up early may tempo-

pital work is only a means to an end-the salva- activity or control their routine in any wp,y after tion of the lost. they leave the hospital just as it is difficult to The head of the native staff has already made get them in for subsequent examinations unless complete rounds, so that he knows exactly where something new has developed. Therefore, we try special advice is needed in the way of treatment. to keep them in bed and about the hospital longer We're sorry to hear that Ziem, the little boy from than we would ordinarily.

the grass lands who had a piece of bone removed We walk back of the building containing the from his arm, has a fever. But the medical as- private rooms, wherein live the elite who come sistant has. examined his blood and finds that it from great distances in search of medical aid and is only malaria. It is a surprise to see little Eko sympathy. By far the larger number of this sitting on the edge of her bed shining her skin relatively well-to-do, English-speaking clientele , 'from the west coast make the pilgrimage to be examined by the X-ray, whether they are suffer- ing from a touch of malaria, intestinal parasites or skin irritation. After being examined, and sampling every description of medicine which can be found, they reluctantly admit that they are better and return from whence they came.

Our rounds over we make our way up the hill to the main building to find an anxious medical assistant wanting help with a difficult delivery case, the wife of one of our evangelists. This detour has left just enough time to get to the main church service. The sermon today is one LEPERS WAITING FOR TREATMENT BY THE that no one wants to miss. Our oldest African MISSION DOCTOR pastor is to speak. Though somewhat broken in with palm oil. She is going out for the first time body he is alert mentally and filled with Christian after weeks in the hospital with a partial paral- fire. Potentially, there should be at least an hour ysis of the right leg from a bad case of malaria. and a quarter when the troubles of the world may She won't be going all the way to the big church be forgotten, except as our attention is drawn but will go to the hospital chapel service. What to them by the minister, who was just getting a day it is for her, when both she and her parents under way when the voice of a medical assistant thought she would die, or that she certainly would whispers, "We have need of you at the hospital, never walk again! a strangulated hernia has been brought in." On arriving at the hospital a desperate effort was We must have a look at the little boy who has being made to sterilize the instruments over a been sick with pneumonia. His chart shows that kerosene stove which refused to burn properly. his temperature dropped during the night. In The patient was not in very good condition havthe next children's unit we find a three months' ing had his strangulation for four days in his old baby girl who fell off of her mother's bed into town and three days on the road coming to the the fire one night. We were awakened that night hospital. Two of the boys are talking to him by the cries of the baby and the moaning of the about his soul's salvation. He is a pagan who, for father. She seems to be making the grade. those four days of waiting in his town, has been There goes the drum which is beaten theoreti- trying all manner of native medicine. He concally at 8: 30, an hour before Sunday school be- fessed his utter helplessness, and desire to place gins.. As we go through the surgical wards we his life in the hands of the Master. The operation find a greater number of hernia patients. than any was performed and he finally went back to his other, but there is always a good percentage of town rejoicing that he had escaped both a phys- people who have had abdominal operations, ele- ical and spiritual death. The last word we had phantiasis, superficial tumors of every size and was that he was consistently working his way description, surgical venereal cases, and an oc- through the preparatory groups toward church casional goitre. Old Amugu is in the act of cut- membership. ting another notch in his foot long tooth brush. Sunday dinner over and there is just time for He was operated on for a hernia, and having no about an hour's rest before the 3 o'clock drum knowledge of the calendar this is his method of beats for the afternoon service. When the midkeeping track of the days, for he knows that when point of this allotted time was reached the inevi- there are 20 notches he may get up. As with all table again happened-another emergency. This the others, it is next to impossible to limit their time it was the result of a man meeting a lone

HOW MISSIONARIES WORK IN AFRICA ,25

gorilla on a narrow path in the heart of the jun- their belongings gave silent but eloquent testigle. Though a merciless killer when aroused, the mony to their intention. Then for at least the gorilla is usually very thoughtful in doing no more tenth time I marshalled all the reasons as to why damage than necessary to disable man, his po- that was impossible. All this was given out of tential adversary. This is done by cutting through my most emphatic Bulu vocabulary, but the only the tendon of Achilles of one foot, just above the response I received was a sullen look and three heel. This done the gorilla walks peacefully away. words, "We feel hunger." At last they decided to This man managed to drag his helpless. leg about stay awhile longer. The scale was brought and a mile, to the nearest village. This case was typ- the midget weighed. The slight gain in weight ical of all, in that the wound was made clean-cut was gratifying and gave me new courage in my as though by a knife. As a result, barring infec- battle to keep the baby until it was safe to release tion, they usually heal up without any difficulty him. after hooking the ends of the tendon together again. Visiting the wards was interrupted by the ar- rival of a sick boy carried by several of his broth- Space does not permit taking you with us ers. They said he was dying and certainly he through an entire day. Though often devoid of looked sick unto death. Multiple abscesses during the coveted day of rest it is a glorious field of a period of three weeks, and scarcely any sleep endeavor and we love it, as we help these people and nourishment, accounted for the emaciated, in their struggle for life against the beasts and anemic boy who lay moaning with the pain from insects of the forest, and Christ in His conquest a large abscess in one thigh. Happily his pulse of the beast that is in man. was good and the abscess was lanced with satis- factory results. Then came the most difficult task A MISSIONARY NURSE'S DAY -that of convincing his parents that he needed food and drink. "But he is about to die," they By ARISTA STALEY, R. N. stolidly informed me. "He will not die if you truly nurse him," was my vigorous reply. They There was a quick staccato of knocks on the refused to be convinced; it was therefore necesdoor, a slight-a very slight pause and the rat- sary for me to have soup made and a special guard tat-tat was repeated with the machine gun set to see that the patient was fed! Often it is persistency, until the din penetrated the conscious- harder to combat the doubt and fear of the paness of a soundly sleeping nurse. A veritable tor- tient and his people than it is to cure his sickness. rent of words followed her drowsy inquiry. "Such a foolish woman is that one! Never did I see such Suddenly a wild hail assailed our ears. The a foolish one! She surpasses in stupidity!" nurse I had left to watch Ngono was loudly call- ing for the woman's husband! The call was com- With difficulty the swift flow of words was ar- ing from the corner of a coffee patch across the rested and definite information extracted from road from the hospital. When we reached them, the Bulu widow who aspires to be a nurse in our the mother and child appeared to be doing well little hospital. I silently agreed to the foolishness on their mat of banana leaves! And this was the of the poor patient in the maternity ward whom baby who was to have been ushered into the world we sought to save from a premature labor. Not properly! I looked reproachfully at the nurse, once had she cooperated with us and as a result who hung her head and refused to meet my eyes. our efforts had failed-which news Hanna had We were all speechless as the patient and baby come to report. were placed on a stretcher and taken into the hos- pital. All the answer I could get from Ngono In the morning as I was leaving for the hospital later was, "Ah, my mother, all sense just per- I discovered that our cook had preceded me with ished from my heart!" his wife, Ngono. I was glad for I had already decided that this time her child should be properly At two-thirty, refreshed by lunch and a bit of born, in the hospital and not "on the path," as the rest, I returned to the hospital where I was met last one had been! Preliminaries were taken care by a sad-faced medical assistant. "I have bad of. Ngono begged permission to walk about. Hav- news. The 'big kettle' (auto-clave) has finished ing put her in charge of a nurse in whom I had being spoiled." I stared at him in consternation. confidence, I set out for the maternity ward to see Then my questioning eyes met those of the head another little premature, now two weeks old. My assistant and found confirmation of the awful "Good-morning" went begging. Both the mother fact. For months had this young man attended to and grandmother averted their eyes. "What is the sterlizing of our supplies and yet this time troubling your hearts now?" I inquired, immedi- he had failed to fill the water compartment before ately amassing my defenses against what I knew lighting the fire! All he could say was, "I'm sure would be their answer. "We are going home," I poured in water." I stood by, gloomily regardwas the terse response and the basket loaded with

ing the wreck and wondering what wizard would rain falling on that new corrugated iron roof. be able to mend it and if mending proved impos- The heavens surely opened and for over an hour sible, just where our little hospital would find the there was no let up. I was dry but how about several hundred dollars necessary to provide a that sand down by the river side? I could picture new sterilizer! those piles of sand with the river gradually creep- ing closer and closer and carrying those piles of Away to the children's ward, particularly to see sand, that cost over four thousand francs to dig the baby of Ze, for whom we had long fought out, back into the stream again. It must have against the ignorance and superstitious fear of been like counting sheep for the next thing I the mother and the old cronies who influenced her. heard was the alarm clock. It was six o'clock and To my amazement no one was with the little pa- time to get started. After breakfast and a "quiet tient but a small girl. hour" the day's work really began.

"Where is his mother?" I demanded. The river had risen slightly and the sand was "She has gone to the village to get some squash all right. Nevertheless we began moving it to seed to eat." safer ground. After roll call forty-two men were "Well then, where is Ze?" sent to move the sand, forty to break out rock "He it is who has gone to get his share of the for the new church, thirty-two to saw planks (all inherited goats," was her astonishing answer. by hand), eighteen to the swamps to cut palm A distant relative had died; a division of prop- leaves for thatch, twenty-eight were assigned to erty had occurred and apparently Ze was so meat build new houses for the workmen and eighteen hungry he could not resist a visit to a village some were assigned to the new carts to haul in the four miles distant, leaving his sick child. Silently broken stone; there were a multiplicity of smaller pondering the vagaries of the Bulu mind, I took jobs. Getting these men assigned to their differthe sick baby and gave it food and medicine. ent tasks and then seeing them saunter off to their There were more ward visits to be made, in- respective places, about as slow as they can drag cluding one to Abesolo, the lad with the large one foot after another, is the most exasperating abscess. He listened to my encouragement doubt- part of the day. I watch them and wonder if the fully but admitted he was resting better. With a church will ever be built. parting word to his people, that if he died, it would be because they did not feed him, I dragged Each of the twenty-two carpenters. needs his my weary self back to the hospital and then up own special instruction. At present they are the hill to home and a hot shower. On the way, making doors, windows and furniture for the came this query to my heart, "Is it worth all it new workmen's town, but soon they will begin takes, after all?" Swiftly and clearly came the dressing the large timbers for the church roof. answer, "Inasmuch as ye have done it unto one From the carpenter shop I went to see those timof the least of these my brethren, ye have done it bers that are still in the process of cutting. The unto me." tree I visited was a hard-wood tree about four feet in diameter at the base and three feet at the AN INDUSTRIAL MISSIONARY'S DAY branches. As it was nearly straight we measured it up for the longest members of the roof trusses. By EDWIN COZZENS Each piece will be forty-two feet long. Since the sawmen had never handled such long timbers When the mission builder was ask?d to contribute to before they had to be instructed in almost every this number of The Drum Cull, he immediately began to step. make excuses-he was too busy building the church, at Efulan station to write an article. His letter of excuses I next stopped where the men were breaking follows. Is it an article, or not?-Ed. out rock. Since almost anyone should know how to build a fire over the rocks and then tomorrow We were sent here to build this long waited break off the pieces that had cracked off due to for church, but since our arrival in February I the heat, the only instruction'they needed was to have done everything else but that. I have been keep at it! Back at the station I found six men. called away four times on other business. wai.ting for me. A palaver.

On .arriving I hired more than two hundred men !'We want a file to sharpen our cutlasses." and we went to work cutting as much timber, and "But I gave Obam a file this morning," I said. digging as much sand out of the river as we "We know, but he won't let us use it." could, before the heavy rains began. A perma- Obam then explained that the best way to keep nent roof was put on our residence and a recent the file from wearing out was for only himself to fire necessitated the replacement of houses for use it! The men went back to the grass cutting eighteen workmen. quite satisfied, having something to wrangle about for the rest of the day. Take today for an example. To describe the whole day I will have to start about two a. m. when I was awakened by the sound of torrents of

HOW MISSIONARIES WORK IN AFRICA

On getting back to the shop I had two hours AN AFRICAN PASTOR AT ELAT before noon to work on an old auto engine I was preparing to operate a small saw for trimming demand most of his time. His wife must write the hand-sawed lumber. I was getting my hands letters to the two children in the homeland and dirty when another saw man called me to see a the other two at Elat; the Sunday school lesson hollow tree they had just felled. A half..;mile away is to be studied, for tomorrow she instructs the in the forest I found the tree. Examination teachers; the afternoon is reserved for town visshowed about thirty feet still usable so I marked iting; also neighbors are invited in for supper. it off in lengths and left the men to their sawing. The coffee arrives. Where is the top to the new They were quite provoked as they would have to coffee pot? dig a pit and then saw only three logs.. "Why it fell and broke," is the nonchalant ex- Back in the shop, too late to start another job planation-six months we waited after we had before noon, I went to the house. Not too late to ordered it from America and we have used it less start something there. My timekeeper presented than a month! last month's payroll to check and then I had to count the money to pay the men. A carrier was Prayers over, the visitors on the front porch also waiting to go to Kribi. Letters were written, are greeted. packages were prepared and the man sent on his way, but not before the boy from the kitchen was "Mb616 Esamba, it has been a long time since told to hold up lunch for a few minutes. I saw you."

The afternoon was spent in the shop doing the "Yes, I have been sick. I have brought you a odd jobs that the men were not able to do and gift of bananas and makabo." instructing them in the fine arts of filing saws or grinding valves. I got back to the house just "Thank you so much, the children will be very in time to listen to the radio news from England happy. Will you give them to the cook?" at 5: 45. After supper I remembered that I was to preach Sunday so I went to my desk to prepare The second visitor advance.s. "Let me see, I for this important task. We are here not only to know·you." build buildings, instruct workmen and to saw lumber, but to open up to these workmen, their wives, "Yes, I am Mej6 m'Abe'e." their children and their neighbors this wonderful "Indeed I do know you. How sad I was when Book, that they might grow in grace and the I heard your husband had died of sleeping sickknowledge of our Lord Jesus Christ. ness and even sadder when the news came that you had fallen into sin." A MISSIONARY HOUSEKEEPER'S DAY "Yes," Mej6 continued, "your letter did help, but the thing that brought me back was the By ELIZABETH MILLER NEELY thought which came to me every night when I lay down to sleep, 'Am I to perish eternally just "Mummy," piped a little voice from the next because! love the things of this world?' " room.

"A Jo," muttered Mummy drowsily from her bed, "Why can't you sleep longer-at least until your nurse-girl comes?"

. "Mummy, bobo, bobo," in ever persistent tones. "J0, keep quiet," orders her bigger sister from her near-by crib. But J 0 has decided the day should begin and so Mummy goes for a bottle and stills her cries. Later mother, combing her hair is horrified to see in the bathroom mirror the reflection· of the table boy in the kitchen industriously washing face, hands and hair in the dish pan.

"Oh, why did I see that, and before breakfast?" she groaned.

Fresh flowers are arranged and the family is breakfasting at last. The plans for the day are discussed. The man of the house has a class of men with very little education, whom he is trying to convert into acceptable evangelists. They will

"Come in and sit down while we talk." you were in her house watching her shell pea- So many years to cover since the days when nuts."

Mejo was one of the bright women in school. "I am sick," grumbles Etua.

Another face appears at the door-an attractive "Ah, so you go to the first wife for comfort, is woman, with a beautifully kept skin rather light it so? Why did you marry more than one wife?"

in tint. Flashy earrings add to her charm and a "It is a Bulu custom." great poise. Almost fourteen years have elapsed "What kind of clothes are you wearing?"

since this white woman lived at this station so "White man's."

how can she attach the right names to faces she "Why do you not wear the kind of clothes worn remembers. by your fathers? How many children have you ?"

"I am Metyi," the woman introduces herself. "None." "Years ago we traveled the forest paths together. "A friend told me of a man who had nine wom- That was when you were new and just learning en and no children. He put away his women and married one wife. Then had fourteen children." to talk Bulu. My husband is an elder at Nkoln- In the next house the visitors are pleased to yen. This is my daughter," introducing the at- find that Mvondo and his wife, Mvutu, are living tractive child with her. more happily together.

Dear, Dear, the clock says half past ten. No What a joy to step into Eyinga's little mud hut. Even a stranger could sense that here is a Christime is left for instructing the flower gardener; tian home and it swarming with little duplicates of the mother. These people who long for chilthose letters cannot wait. Exactly three sentences dren, can they not see that big families are the offspring of Christian parents? have been composed when ear splitting .screams Mbengon, a fine Christian in Madame's school rend the air. Little two-year-old Ruth arrives, so many years ago, calls from across the street, "Come over and talk." blood streaming from one knee. How our hearts warmed within us to sit and "Pretty medicine, Mummy," she exclaimed, in- watch her deft fingers prepare plantains for the evening meal. Her husband's second wife came dicating the mercurochrome bottle. giggling up the street. She is possibly as old as our Miriam so far away in America. How could The second letter is under way when the wash she marry that old polygamist and be so flippant about it? boy pokes his head around the corner to' ask for Up the street lives Kabiyen who informs us that money to buy starch. Another visitor coughs from her husband is accepting payment for their daughter, Olle, hoping to purchase another wife. the front porch and demands Madame. But before "Is the man paying for your daughter a Chris- lunch the letters are finished and a slight inroad made on the Sunday school lesson. .

Lunch is over and siesta. Notebook,. pencils, tracts are in hand ready for a visit to the near-by village, when the table boy comes bringing a hope- less looking wreck the pumpkin pie baked for the evening guests.

"What happened?" I ask in tones none too gen- tle. tian? Do you know him well? Does your daugh- "I took it out of the cupboard and it fell." ter want to marry him?" Thus we pelt her with "Well, go gather oranges for the evening des- questions..

sert." "He said he would become a Christian but he The missionary neighbor joins company and off has not yet done so. He drinks heavily. My go the two. Today they will revisit the homes daughter does not wish to marry him and says visited two weeks ago. How pleased the women her father will return the money or go to prison." are to be called by name, not realizing that their "Good for her," is our commendation. "Do not let names with the numbers of their houses are in her weaken and the government administrator the little notebook. Mejo, a poor old sick woman will uphold her decision. is still lying back in her dark corner. The day is cooler now and we hurry home to "Has anyone taken you out under the eaves to bathe and dress for company supper. It is nice see the sunshine?" to sit around the table and converse in a language "No." Her brother says she is too much of a more familiar than the one used all day. Then burden to carry out every day; the big six-foot we play a frivolous game before we say good- lummox and she a little shriveled up morsel! night.

Finally after much persistence he is persuaded A few minutes to read before the light is blown to carry her out and place her in a deck chair. out, another moment to ponder over the day that Has he since done likewise? Next week we must is done and to utter the prayer, "Forgive us that go and see. which we have left undone which we should have "Etua, where is your second wife? Lastwe~k done this day."

Challenge of

By WM. H. RAINEY, Caracas Agent of the British and Foreign Bible Society D URING his third voyage across the Atlantic asylum, and reminds us that this disease is very in 1498, Christopher Columbus first touched prevalent in the sun-bathed republics of the the mainland of South America, near the Caribbean. mouth of the river Orinoco. The following year Alonso de Ojeda penetrated the Gulf of Mara- The train winds round the hills, skirting preci- pices, disappearing into dark tunnels, emerging caibo, and seeing the Indian houses built of piles. a few minutes later with a puff of· relief; then driven into the bottom of the lake, he called the the summit of the pass is reached, 3,500 feet above country Venezuela or "Little Venice." the sea; the blue Caribbean disappears from view, A century ago Simon Bolivar was the most and we begin to descend the southern slope to the famous personage in South America. Born of tableland. Soon the city of Caracas, the birthnoble family at Caracas in 1783, he studied law place of Bolivar, appears below, its churches and at Madrid and witnessed the closing scenes of the larger buildings standing out clearly in the bril- French Revolution in Paris. Returning to Vene- liant sunshine. zuela, he became the leader of the widespread in- All the way from La Guaira a broad cart-road surrection which finally liberated South America runs parallel to the railway-line, and winds its from the yoke of Spain. In 1824 Bolivar was way like a yellow ribbon among the green hills.

chosen president of a republic which stretched Venezuela is one of the most advanced republics along the southern shores of the Caribbean sea in South America in respect to highways, for from the Atlantic to the Pacific. Soon after roads mean as, much to the young nation as to the Ecuador was added and the Spaniards were driven Roman campfire. The Government has set an ex- out of Peru. ample to Latin America, spending money on com- Venezuela is the South American republic near- munications rather than on spectacular public est to the great markets of North America and works.

Europe. Caracas, its capital, is but ten days' Caracas is situated in a naturally beautiful spot journey by steamer from either New York or at an elevation of 3,000 feet, surrounded by green London, and one day by plane from the United hills. To the east there is a break in the range States. and access is given to a smiling valley bright with On arriving off the Venezuelan coast, the trav- golden maize and sugar-cane plantations. The eler finds himself face to face with a high range royal palm and the banana lend an air of romance of verdure-clad hills, rising almost from the sea- to the streets and gardens, and there is a feeling shore to a height of from 5,000 to 8,000 feet. At of lassitude in the air that probably accounts for the foot of this Cordillera, on a narrow strip of the national trait-never doing today what can ground, is situated La Guaira, the principal port. be postponed until tomorrow. The city is clean, Beneath the burning rays of the tropical sun- well-paved, and lighted with electricity. In the and there are few places in the world hotter than Plaza Bolivar, rou,nd the beautiful equestrian La Guaira-without a breath of air to refresh the statue of Bolivar, the life of the town is concen- atmosphere, the traveler awaits the train on the trated, and reaches its maximum intensity just little railway that connects the port with the cap- before sunset, when the day's work is over and ita!. They blow the whistle, the toy-engine makes the people come abroad to see and be seen. a supreme effort, and the little convoy of three Venezuela is naturally a rich country, with an carriages begins to climb the flank of the moun- immense area and vast resources, but it has been tain. Soon the port is almost lost to sight. One depopulated through its. numerous revolutions. large white building is clearly visible, standing Politics have been considered the royal road to alone on the outskirts of the town, and surrounded riches, and initiative has been crushed by un.,. by a high wall which gives it an air of mystery scrupulous governments. Physically the land is as though it had something to hide. And there is divided into four natural divisions-the Llanos, a mystery here-the greatest of all mysteries, the Andes, the basin of Lake Maracaibo, and the the enigma of human suffering; it is the leper basin of the Orinoco River. The Llanos are im- [29 ]

mense plains, covered with long grass, extending forest. Two men had already been killed by this from a little south of Caracas to the River Orinoco. means. He wanted the Indians turned into useful Here roam great herds of cattle attended by rough pick and shovel men, otherwise, he said, "if they cowboys, who live much as their forefathers lived do not abandon their helicose attitude we shall at the time of the War for Independence, when be obliged to take stern reprisals." Two Amerthose agile riders, armed with lance and lasso on icans are reported to have found their way into their wild horses, carried panic into the Spanish the dense forests inhabited by these Indians, and hosts. The region of the Andes extending from to have seen the remains of cannibal feasts. They Caracas to the southeastern shores of Lake Mara- escaped with their lives by shooting a number of caibo, contains peaks reaching a height of 16,000 the natives. It is open to question whether the feet. There are cities such as Merida, situated tribe.referred to are cannibals, but the Guarhibos 5,415 feet above the sea with a mean temperature of the Upper Orinoco certainly are addicted to of 64 degrees. this habit.

This temperate zone produces the most active A census of Venezuela, taken by the writer, people of Venezuela, and the term "andino" is shows eleven missionary societies working in the synonymous with energy and enterprise. The republic, with a total of 103 workers (including basins of Lake Maracaibo and the River Orinoco wives)-68 foreign and 35 national. The popare the most fertile regions of the country, and ulation of the country is 2,411,952; thus we have produce all the fruits of the tropics; but the prev- one worker for each 23,417 people. However, of alence of malaria plays havoc with the white pop- the twenty States comprising the Venezuelan ulation. Union, eight, with a total population of 579,239, are still unoccupied by Protestant Missions. This Untouched Indian Tribes virgin territory, which includes strategic centres of the first importance, constitutes a challenge to Here are numerous tribes hardly touched by Evangelical leaders-as do also the Indian tribes. civilization, and vast unexplored regions awaiting their Humboldt and Livingstone. Around Lake The Bible Societies are to the fore in the evan- Maracaibo four distinct languages are spoken, and gelization of this field. The Roman Catholics do within a sixty-mile radius seven more. To the nothing whatsoever to provide the people with the west of the lake, reaching as far as Rio Hacha in Bible and copies of the Vulgate are not only ex- Colombia, is the territory of the powerful Guajira ceedingly scarce, but cannot be purchased for less tribe of Indians. They live in small villages made than $25. This sum puts them quite beyond the of round thatched huts, which at a distance look reach of the common people, who earn, on an like ant-hills. The floors inside the huts are ,cov- average, about $1.00 a day. The American and ered with grass on which sleep the inhabitants as British & Foreign Bible Societies in Venezuela well as their domestic animals. The men are have made the Bible one of the best-known books bright and strong, but more fond of fighting than in Venezuela. The circulation of the Scriptures of working. In warfare they use blowpipes with in the republic is not free from obstacles. Heavy darts dipped in the deadly curari poison. The duties have to be paid to get the books through women till the fields as well as attend to domestic the Custom House; then their distribution is duties. Their animistic religion consists of a be- strongly opposed by the Roman Catholic Church. lief in two great spirits, from which emanate good Moreover the Venezuelans are not a reading peoand evil. All nature-the forests, streams, rain, ple. However, there is one Book within the reach thunder, etc.-is believed possessed by these spir- of all, and many thousands of huts are scattered its. The Guajira tribe, about 60,000 strong, is throughout the country where the Bible is the only quite untouched by Evangelical missionary effort. book, and where it is read again and again until No book of the Bible has as yet been translated its pages almost fall out of the binding. We have into their language. Both men and women may rejoiced to see these Bibles, and their worn apbe seen in Maracaibo on market days, .clad in the pearance has made us think of homes in North blue and white garments they wear for contact America where the Bible is not read. Throughwith civilization. A certain number of Guajiros out the land may be found groups of Bible-readspeak Spanish, and a few are able to read. ers, formed by traveling colporteurs; what is now necessary is the systematic visitation of such Many other untouched Indian tribes live in this groups by missionaries with a view to forming little-known republic. Some time ago, while trav- churches. Much of the fruit of Bible work is lost eling in the state of Zulia, I came into contact with because the number of missioriaries is too few to the representative of an oil company who offered take advantage of the opportunities presented. me financial support and a house if I would under- The time would seem to have arrived when a fortake to civilize the Indians living near the com- ward movement would reap a mighty harvest as pany's concession. He complairied that they shot the result of years of patient sowing. arrows at his workmen from the security of the

A Christian Approach to the Moros *

By REV. FRANK C. LAUBACH, Ph.D., Dansalan, Lanao, Philippine Islands Missionary of the American Board EXPERIMENTS during the past eight years sing. If you try to rob people or beat them, it in a missionary approach to the Mohamme- makes you feel mean, but if you try to help them, dan Moros in the southern Philippines have it makes you happy; and so I have discovered attracted wide interest. that the happiest way to live is to help people.

The situation is easier than in many other Mo- When I get through teaching you, I want you to hammedan countries because Mohammedans here go out and teach other people. Don't take any are not, as a rule, very well grounded in Moham- money for it, and see if it does not make your medanism and because the Philippine government heart sing."

is increasing its pressure upon the Moros of this An agricultural nursery has been conducted to province to break with many old customs and reli- discover what crops succeed in this province; gious ideas. The result is that the people are what trees, vegetables, and grains are best adapt- changing rapidly. ed to the climate; and efforts have been made to The opportunity has been unusual. The actual teach the Moros lessons learned in this nursery.

number of people converted from Islam to Christ We have given away thousands of seeds-oranges, is not large, but we are exerting a decisive in- papayas, avocadoes, grapefruits, balsa, maholo, fluence upon the Moro people. many hundreds of bunches of spinach, Georgia Our approach has been attempted along two yam tops, and yawtia, for the Moros to plant lines-by service and through the study of Islam around their own homes. We have taught them and Christianity with the Moslems. how to bud their own orange trees, and are fur- nishing them with budded orange trees at fifty Lines of Service centavos each. We are also experimenting on our The first important service which we have at- own land with cinchona trees, mahogany, derris tempted is The Literacy Campaign.t Every week root, ramie (from which Chinese linen is made), our teachers are starting many people on the road vetiver (a native product which is the basis for to literacy. We have given away a hundred thou- the best perfumes), many varieties of other farm sand inexpensive primers. printed on cheap paper. and forest products. These we distribute through- This is not only making Lanao Province literate out the province as rapidly as they prove sucbut it is also making countless friends. When you cessful. sit down beside a man and patiently and lovingly help him to read, he is surpris.ed and asks you A dispensary, conducted by a nurse and her how you are going to be paid. Frequently he says, assistant, meets a great medical need, for this "Our own imams do not teach us unless we pay province is afflicted with all kinds of diseases them. Why are you doing it?" which follow ignorance and dirt. The commonest of these diseases are dysentery, tuberculosis, ma- This gives us our opportunity and we answer laria, beriberi, tropical ulcers, boils, and influenza. in some such fashion as this: There are a great many wounds, particularly on the feet, since most people are barefooted. Our "I have studied the lovely life of Nabi Isa dispensary gives nearly a thousand treatments a (Prophet Jesus) and found that every minute of month. At first only the Moro men were willing the day, from the time he arose in the morning to be treated, and many were afraid. No women until he went to sleep at night, he was helping came at first. Now both men and women come somebody – teaching, healing, defending, and with great eagerness, for they have learned that serving. Is that not the most beautiful way to they can be cured at very low cost. The average live? I have discovered that when you spend your time helping people, it makes your heart treatment costs five centavos (2112 cents gold).

There are many calls from women giving birth, • From a paper prepared for the International Missionary Con~ and other people who are too sick to come to the ference, Madras; December, 1938. dispensary.

t A complete description of this campaign is contained in "Towa"rd A library, with about three thousand books and a Literate World," by Dr. Frank. C.Laubach. 177 pp.$1.-75. Published by the Foreign Missions Conference. New York.

[31 ]

some twenty-five magazines and newspapers, is I Would Be True-Waters Chambered Nautilus-Bry- much used by the young people-Christians and Things That Endure ant Moslems. Students in the pu1;>lic schools use this When I Have Time Prayer-Tennyson library constantly for reference. The soldiers The Human Touch Psalm 121 from the training camp frequently come to read Giving The Present Crises All You Have Loved To the Knights the papers, and magazines, and to borrow books, Trees-Kilmer First Corinthians o Maker of the Mighty Deep The Heart of the Eternal as do the other citizens of Dansalan. Frequently The Human Touch To a Waterfowl-Bryant the afternoons find the library crowded. Most of The Rainy Day He Leadeth Me the books have been sent by kind-hearted people Discovery This Is My Father's World in American churches. As a rule they send the Four Things The Psalm of Life-Tenny- books that are really of value and interesting. Salutation of the Dawn son An indispensable service is the printing press, Isaiah 55 which prints books, pamphlets and a fortnightly The Moro young men have been organized into newspaper called Lanao Progress. We have the what is known as the "Good Life Movement." This organization now has a membership of over only printing press in the Maranaw language. In- 130 men, including almost all the leading young Maranaws. The Movement has two main objecdeed until this press began, no Maranaw had ever tives: To develop character, and service.

been printed. Lanao Progress, in an editorial, described the purposes of the society as follows: There are many advantages in having a mo- It is impossible to exaggerate the possibilities of the nopoly upon the printing. Nothing has ever come "Good Life Movement" which was organized in Dansalan on August 7th, bya group of earnest young Maranaws. into print in this province that would not pass These young men, among the finest and most high-minded and respected in the province, are seeking to help one anthe most critical censorship. Whatever may be other to live THE GOOD LIFE, and to bring to bear pressure and persuasion upon all young men in Lanao to seek the said of reading in other countries, there is no good life with them. Their major emphasis is upon trust- worthiness, and loyalty to the government in every good doubt that the reading in Lanao Province is im- effort for Lanao. They resolve to be 'matitw' (straight) in every act and purpose;" 'isa isa' so honest in word that proving the people, as well as interesting them. nobody will doubt what they say; 'kusarigan' (trustwor- thy) in every detail of life. The books which interest Moros most are their own production; foreign translations are not good sellers. This experience is highly important.

In Africa, for example, one finds that nearly all books are written by foreigners and from the for- eign point of view. If the native Africans could be encouraged to write the type of literature that would be appreciated most by their own people, These young men are convinced, that when Christians and Moslems reach the highest levels a great new interest would develop in reading. of character they are very close together. The Moslem and Christian saints have the same loving We have two dormitories, one which takes care attitude toward their fellow men. The members of this society hold out the hand of cooperation of thirty-two young Moros who are attending the to all men who seek to live "The Good Life." They have found the principle elements of a noble charhigh school, and another for about an equal num- acter in both the Moslem and Christian religions. These are seven in number: ber of Christian and Moslem girls who are going to the public schools in Dansalan.

We spend nearly half an hour every morning in the dormitory with the Moro boys learning the finest poems and chapters from the Bible and Koran, and songs from our Christian song books.

A list of about eighty selections that these boys Seven Tests of Character learned in two years speak more eloquently than To abandon evil habits of thought and action. To be honest. any words. Here are a few: To be pure. To be unselfish. Sura I (Koran) Concerning Prayer To .be .loving. What to Forget To seek and obey the Will of God in every detail of life. Psalm 23 The Celestial-Surgeon To help their fellowmen to find THE GOOD LIFE. Psalm 1 The Lord's Prayer Life-Henry Van Dyke Psalm of Life This society has begun something which may The Loving Word From Age to Age echo around the world. C We know· of no place on Live and Help Live Be Strong-Babcock earth where Moslems and Christians have in this The Builder God Give Us Men definite way set out to cOrrie closer by becoming When in Disgrace Brotherhood better. Both Christians and Moslems have failed AbouBen Adhem If-Babcock – to live the highest life in which both profess to A Noble Deed believe, and the men and women seeking "The God's Promise Our God, Our Help in Ages Good Life" .really belong shoulder to shoulder. Love and Light Past Kind Words Awareness Straight and Tall Brotherhood My Prayer-Thoreau Philippines, Our Motherland The Pilgrim Way The Ways-Oxenham

A CHRISTIAN APPROACH TO THE MOROS

If they can show true love and courage and have has taken a great deal of interest in civic prob- faith to persist, this new movement may become lems, although as foreigners we have kept aloof the beginning of a new era in the history of Mos- from politics. No matter who are elected officials, lem-Christian relations. as a rule, they are eager to know what they can The First Sura of the Koran is as follows: do to enhance their popularity with the people.

In the Name of God, the Compassionate, the Merciful Some are always genuinely interested in the wel- Praise be to God, Lord of the worlds! fare of this country and welcome constructive The compassionate, the merciful! ideas.

King on the day for reckoning! Mutual Understanding Thee only do we worship, and to thee do we cry for help. Along with this program of social service goes Guide Thou us on the straight path, The path of those to whom Thou hast been gracious:- the effort to understand the Moros and to be With whom Thou art not angry, and who go not astray. understood by them. We have felt that the way "The Good Life Movement" has thus far en- to avoid mistakes is to study their literature and gaged in thirty-eight social efforts in Lanao, some their religion. If we understand them well enough of which are as follows: they will be more willing to understand us and to know that our ideas are not born of ignorance Complete the literacy campaign to make this province concerning them. 100% literate. 1. Appreciating Literature. – We discovered Hold meetings at which experts in agriculture, health, that the Moros have a really important literature. government, animal husbandry, metal craft, business and Most important are their fifty epic poems deother useful subjects may speak and answer questions.

Distribute seeds, vegetables, seedlings, graftings, and scribing the heroes of their ancestral home. We plant culture information throughout the province. have collected many of these epics, and have had them translated into English. The language of Encourage attendance at school. these epics is that of the ancient Moros and is Distribute literature about health, sanitation, and clean- no longer used, excepting in poetry. Besides the liness prepared by the Bureau of Health, the Red Cross, the Anti-tuberculosis Society, and our own and other presses. epics many lyric poems are composed by their best Promote games and wholesome social activities. singers. Each issue of our Lanao Progress con- Study the Boy Scout Manual and similar helpful books. tains one of these songs, most of the Moros sing Act as peacemakers among the Moros and between this lyric before they read anything else.

Moros and Christians.

Spread information about animal diseases and aid in 2. Appreciating Crattsmanship.-We have also endeavored to show our appreciation of the really their eradication. . fine work done by the gold, silver, and brass workers and other artisans. The best Moro houses Encourage vaccination. are decorated with beautiful Moro art and the Spread a knowledge of law and ordinance and advocate law observance.

Make a survey of. communities to find what are their chief needs. owners are delighted when they are appreciated. Improve the water supplies and introduce sanitary toi- In a contest held throughout all the schools of the Philippines the native art of Lanao won first lets. prize. This appreciation has had a most whole- Help to encourage native Moro arts and crafts. Join the crusade for world peace.

Encourage sick people to make use of doctors and hos- some effect upon the Maranaw people, and has pitals. Spread knowledge about modern agricultural imple- tied these Christians with new bonds of insepara- ble friendship. ments. 3. Appreciating Their Religion.-We have also Prepare to be worthy· leaders of this province.

Work for a tubercular sanitarium in Lanao. made a study of the Mohammedan religion as Begin new types of manufacturing in Dansalan to use practiced in this province. This led to the realiza- Moro products. ation that Mohammedans are not separated from us as far as we had supposed. Dr. James L. Bar- Work for improved housing conditions in this Province. ton's book "A Christian Approach to Islam" re- Study the resemblances of Christianity and Islam.

The service which consumes more time than vealed years ago that there is indeed a strikingly anything else is helping Moros out of trouble:…:.- large common ground. "Christendom and Islam"

those who are arrested or in prison; those who by Prebendary W. Wilson Cash, has also thrown are out of work; those who are oppressed; those light on the subject.

who are unable to read legal documents; students Every Sunday evening there is a united meet- who need financial help; enemies to be reconciled. ing of Moslem and Christian young people, about The list is almost without an end. Every day finds thirty to fifty of each religion, where they sing many people in need of some kind of personal at- Christian songs, repeat Christian and Moslem tention, and about half our time is devoted to this prayers, and recite the noblest religious and in- kind of service. spirational prose and poetry of all countries.

Working for civic improvements. Our Mission Some will say that we are covering up the er- "

rora of Mohammedanism and are therefore not anything they say or do. The mystics in any reli- true to all the facts. Our answer is that in the gion ought to represent the best in that religion, past there have been too many attempts to select for they seek to come closest to God.

facts which will prove that Islam is infinitely be- To match the greatest mystics of the Christian low Christianity. For centuries both Christians Church one can find Sufis who also had wonderful and Moslems have selected or invented statements experiences of God. .A Sufi woman, Rabia Al that tended to widen the gap and to whip up Adawiyya, of Basra, is said to have lived a life fanatical hatred between the two religions. Our of saintliness and fellowship with God, never exaim in Lanao has been to reveal the neglected ceeded among the Christian saints. When asked facts that will beget love. by several men to marry, she replied: "I have There is an exhilaration of enlargement and of ceased to exist and have passed out of myself. I discovering that many people whom we had sup- exist only in Him." She wrote these beautiful posed to be in the dark were much nearer the lines: "I have made Thee the companion of my truth than many people who profess but do not heart. My body is available for those who seek its live our own brand of religion. With this thrilling company and my body is free toward its guests, discovery comes also an enlarging conception of but the beloved of my heart is the guest of my God. soul." In our age who can deny that one great need of humanity is to heal the wounds of fear and false Dr. Margaret Smith points out that Mohammed propaganda and dislike that threaten to engulf himself derives most of his religion from the our civilization? Everywhere the healing balm is Christian sects of the Near East. His resorting needed in national, religious, racial and economic to a cave in Mount Hira was an imitation of the affairs: Love must be built upon understanding Christian monks whom he knew. Bowing and and a desire to appreciate whatever is lovely in others. prostration in prayer were in imitation of the ritual prayers of the Syrian Christians. Night When one sets out to heal the ancient wounds praying was taken from the Syrian monks who caused by Christians and Moslems, one soon read the Psalter twice between evening and mornmakes astonishing discoveries. We discover that ing. The fast of Ramadan was an imitation of the good Moros who are very loyal to their reli- the Christian hermits during Lent. His teaching gion are also very friendly toward us. about heaven and earth emphasizing fear was that of the Syrian Christian Church. Penitence, Our task now seems to be to persuade men and ascetism and self-discipline are certainly taken women of both religions to surrender themselves by Islam from the Christian Church. Alms-giving completely to the will of God, believing that as was also an imitation of the monks of Mohamthey seek more earnestly to do His will they will med's day. Other-worldliness, which is so strongcome closer together. ly emphasized among the mystics of Islam, is a i~gWferolemaruns.froFmortheexaMmoprloes while they are learn- Christian idea-"Lay not up treasures on this one cannot be in con- earth, but lay up treasures in heaven." * tact with Mohammedanism without feeling that Thus, in many ways, we are appreciating every- God is omnipotent, and that He is all-wise. The thing good in Lanao and in Islam, believing that the Moros will return our spirit by living our reword Islam, meaning "Will of God," stresses the ligion. This spirit of appreciation is reflected in the pages of Lanao Progress. Practically every side of religion which is under-emphasized in issue has some reference to Mohammedans who have revealed the Christian spirit. For example, most Christian communities. Here in Lanao, we an article on "Why Moslems Fast," includes the statement that the "Prophets before Mohammed, Christians, stimulated by that great slogan "The such as Jesus, Moses, Abraham (peace be on them all) were all acquainted with fasting." An- Will of God," are striving to give our lives to God other issue published the statement that the Mo- hammedans have four scriptures-Tauret (the aanneswi~ so that we will equal the best Mohammed- books of Moses); Zabur, (the Psalms); InjiI our desire to find and to do God's will.

The Moros have responded to this attempt to appreciate them, by attempting to appreciate Christianity. One hears from Moslems no word of dislike or opposition for our church and believe that we shall see a mass movement, in which an entire province will participate. This rapid shift- ing of ideals toward Christianity is the most sig- • There Is a long list of words used by Mohammed, not found In nificant event in Lanao today. the Arabic pagan religions, but borrowed from the Christianity of his day. From the Nestorlan Church Mohammed took, the word Dr. Margaret Smith, of Oxford, in her studies "Rahman" which means "merciful" and "munin," WhICh means on "Early Mysticism," found that mystics of Mo- "believers." From the Aramaic language he took the word for hammedanism and Christianity are in some cases "prayer" and for "glory be to God"; and from the Syrian he took so'close together that they cannot be identified by the word for "purify" and the words for "salvation" and "illumina- tion," "worship," "remembrance," and "repentance.'" The words for "Lord" and "divine" came from the Gospels. The list Is very long, and proves the close dependence of Mohammed upon the Christian people of Arabla.-F. C. L.

(the Gospels), and the Koran. Another article by The Koran did not, however, stress this point. It, howa leading Moro Christian insists that honesty is ever, gives light to the fact that in the course of Jesus' the will of God and that the dishonest man is a preaching He would make many enemies. However, the traitor both to God and his country. Koran gives light to the fact that he is a personification of love and humility. . . . Another issue prints the widely known Christian sermons of the General Chiang Kai-Shek and The Koran clearly states that Jesus will be raised to life. his wife, on "My religion." In the September 15 "And peace be on me on the day . . . I am raised to life." issue is the report of Stanley Jones' visit and ex- (19: 33.) This clearly shows that Jesus was raised to life cerpts from his speeches in Manila. Another issue after his death. But the details are not specified in the says that the one most important thing in the Book. world is to find the Will of God and that therefore everybody ought to go to church, because it is In spite of the differences of opinion about this great difficult to find God alone. Another issue tells the Teacher and Reformer, He is still revered both by the story of the life and death of Macaindeg Tataro, Christians and the Moslems-to the Christians as the Son the leading Mohammedan to became a Christian, of God, member of the Holy Family, and to the Moslems and points out his beautiful Christian life. as the Prophet, the Messiah, the Apostle, the religious Teacher, and Reformer and in a figurative language, sent The Moro people are responding by taking a by the Almighty "To look for the lost sheep of the Israelgenerous attitude toward Jesus Christ, as is illus- ites." trated in an article on "Jesus Christ in the Light of the Islam Religion," by Domocao AI. Alonto. In some of our Christian Sunday services the This Moro Moslem says, (in part) : entire congregation is asked to write ideas as to the proper approach to our Mohammedan neigh- Jesus Christ is revered not only in Christian nations, bors. Among the many suggestions which our but also in the Islam world. This may sound surprising to church members have offered are the following: an ordinary Christian who has not had a chance to study the Islam religion, or Mohammedanism, as it is commonly Study the likes and dislikes of the Moslems. Then pray known in the realm of her sister religion, but truly indeed that they may open their hearts to you and to God. Serve the Moslems revere Him too. and pray and praise, but do not try to condemn.

Jesus in the Moslem world is known by three different Attend the Mohammedan worship on Friday noon. Join names: Nabi Isa, Alaiki Salam, meaning "Prophet Jesus them in their fun and games with enthusiasm. Take them on whom be peace," Ibn-i-Maryam, the "Son of the Virgin on outings with you. Mary," and Al-Mashih, "the Messiah." The phrase Alaihi Salam means "On whom be peace," and this phrase is used Have more public programs jointly with them, including after the name of every prophet, from Adam to Moham- lectures on health, child welfare, cooking, and housekeepmed. All good Moslems never miss to use this phrase in ing. mentioning the name of Jesus. Never for a moment allow your mind to have any feel- One section of the Koran, Chapter 19, entitled "Mary," ing except brotherly love. Always keep in mind and say is devoted to His birth and His mission. According to and act the truth that we both worship the same God and this chapter, the story about His birth does not differ in are therefore brothers. many respects from the story in the Bible. "So she took a veil (to screen herself) from them; then we sent to Let the church support a Moro pensionado. Have a Her Gabriel, and there appeared to her a well-made man." recreation center for Moros and Christians together. Have She said, "I fly for refuge to the Beneficent God, if thou a convention of Christian and Moslem priests. fearest Him be-gone from me." He said, "I am only a bringer of a message from thy God that I will give thee Open dormitories for Moro boys and girls of all ages a holy Son." (19: 18-19.) This verse in the Holy Koran so that they can go to school. Have Christian children in gives light on the birth of Jesus. . . . Mary was sur- these dormitories too. Parents will be impressed if we prised for no human hand had yet touched her. She said: have the children live together, play together, and learn "How shall I have a son and no mortal hand has yet together. touched me, have I not been pure?" (19: 20). But the man told her that God, the Creator, can create anything out Let the Christians study the Moro language well. Then of nothing. He said: "Even so, thy Lord says: 'Easy go to the houses and have friendly talks about our reis this with me:' and we will make him a sign to man- ligion and theirs. kind, and a mercy from us." (19: 21.) This is the way Mary received the message in the light of the Holy Koran. Urge every Christian to apply the Golden Rule. Fair, . . . In this point the Christian principle differs. While honest treatment will attract them to the Christian way. in the light of the Islam teaching Jesus is only a prophet raised by the Almighty, the Christian teachings consider United prayers for the propagation of the Gospel among Him as being the Son of God, or the Personification of Him. . . . the Moros. Preach Christ to them without fear or re- Jesus Christ in the light of the Moslem religion is a serve. Plant the seed and let the HoJy Spirit do the rest. Messiah, an Apostle. "The Messiah, so~ of Mary, is no more than an apostle, the apostles before him have indeed Praise be His name! . passed away . . ." (5: 75). He is a great Teacher, a religious reformer. He preached His gospel with love. Work for education of old and young alike, for this is the great hope.

" Encourage the comparative reading of the Bible and the Koran.

Have our new church building look like a mosque. Ask the Moros to worship there when they wish.

Put the Bible in the public schools and let them learn.

Hammer away at the fact that they and we are wor- shipping one God, for they think Christians have a differ- ent God.

Send students away from the province to Silliman Uni- versity, so that they will have courses in the Bible.

Sumatra-·A Miracle of

By MRS. LEE S. HUIZENGA, Shanghai, China Missionary of the Reformed Church, U. S. A.

A FEW years ago we made a trip to the island noticed a remarkable change in the whole outlook of Sumatra while my husband was inspect- of the people. They were friendly. They were ing Christian leprosaria. Today as Dr. better farmers, their homes were more private for Huizenga baptized three lepers in Shanghai, I they had individual homes; their children were thought of the hundreds of lepers in various parts better dressed and clean; schools and churches of the world who have found the Lord in lepro- dotted the area, and there was even a Christian saria. Sumatra has many such. leper hospital. Their cemeteries also showed a Sumatra is one of the largest islands of the marked difference over the burying grounds of their neighbors in the highlands. Dutch East India. Its rich natural resources are largely untouched. It has also wonderful rubber, What was the cause of this transformation? It cocoanut and tea plantations. Each year many was the Gospel of Christ. In about two generatourists and people from India and the Federated tions this change has taken place. We found that Malay States spend their vacation here to take a missionary, D. Ludwig J. Nommensen, had come advantage of the delightful climate on this island. to Sumatra in 1862 as the first missionary. This ·"Apostle to the Batakkers," as he is called, worked In the center of Sumatra is the large and beau- among them until in his. 84th year and died on the tiful Toba Lake, and in this lake lies Samosir 23rd of May, 1918. Because he lived there, Suisland upon which heathendom is still practically matra has been changed. untouched by Christian influence. A missionary of the Rhenish Mission carries on the Gospel work When Nommensen came to Sumatra there were all alone in this isolated place with a few converts, practically no Christians on the island, when he surrounded by overwhelming heathen influences. died there were over 180,000 baptized Believers in Christ in the Toba Lake district. Today there Seventy years ago the island of Sumatra was all are in the Bataklands 510 schools with 32',700 heathen, like this lonely spot. Then most of the pupils, all receiving Christian instruction. There Batakkers, the native tribe of Sumatra, were are 788 teachers, and 2,200 elders in the Batak head-hunters and many were cannibals. Now church. The whole countryside is dotted with great changes have taken place. churches and schools. Nearly one-half million Ba- takkers are under the influence of Christ and tre- One of the greatest surprises we met was in mendous changes take place in home, social and the highlands of Sumatra. We had been traveling political life. for hours through mountains and jungle and had seen no signs of Christianity. On every side we Nommensen was original; he had great foresaw natives living in their filthy homes; their chil- sight, tremendous power and high ideals. His dren playing about naked. We saw the large fellow-workers found that for sympathetic and Batak house in which several families live to- constructive work it was desirable to fall in line gether in community style, each family occupying with him; and they did. a small part of the house. There were no windows in the houses and the air was almost unbearable Another outstanding feature in Nommensen's from the heat and smoke of fires used for cooking life was his devotion to His Lord. Honors were food. Here large families were raised and such piled upon him, but he refused to speak of them. conditions have existed for generations. When the Said he, "These honors are of little importance to boys reach the age of puberty they are isolated me; they give no real joy. Nothing should cap- from the rest of the family and are compelled to tivate my heart that is earth-born. I am only a live together in bachelor's quarters. poor sinner who desires to be saved by the ramson of Christ." Other villages, with a much poorer class of pagans, showed a very inferior type of building, As we saw the wonderful work of grace among although the social customs were very much the these ignorant heathen of two generations ago, we same. There were no schools for the boys and dedicated ourselves anew to the Lord's service, girls.. desiring to spend and be spent for his service. It We went on to the Toba Lake region and there is "not in vain in the Lord."

[36 ]

Bands in War,Torn

i -e{ By REV. ANDREW GIH, Bethel Mission, Hongkong 1)Be- I T WAS a summers night and the moon shone were bombed there was no raid when we were brightly. We were in Kuling up among the preaching in any particular city. In Chenghsien hills where the famous Summer Bible Confer- the church leaders thought at first that we could ences are held – a sort of "Chinese Keswick." not have any night meetings because the electric Many missionaries and Chinese workers usually lights might be put off at any time. But we used come together here for spiritual refreshing· and gas light and the church was crowded night after for preparation for work. night. A number accepted Christ and on the last I was preaching in the Union Church when we Sunday morning fifteen converts were baptized.

heard the first air-alarm. It was a clear, striking Bombs and Busses sound, and a sudden feeling of fear, inexpressible, came over the people. The thought came over me Early Monday morning I went to the bus sta- of the uncertainty of life and that all ought to tion to leave for our next stopping place. The bus make sure of their soul's salvation. I made the was already crowded but I managed to get a seat.

appeal and about four or five responded. After About two hours after we left the city we heard that we scattered and a few of us sat on the rocks that it had been bombed. After I had made half under the trees while the Japanese bombing planes the journey I had to change to another bus across raided the province. We prayed that God would the river. This bus was over-crowded and I could protect us and deliver us from awful destruction. not persuade the conductor to take me. Several Soon after "all clear" was sounded; our hearts hundred people would be waiting for me at my were filled with gratitude that the planes, which next meeting place and if I missed the bus I had had been coming toward us, had changed their no way of getting there in time. I was left behind direction. but reminded the Lord that I had prayed that I Early one morning without any warning we might be at the meetings that night. It was early • saw three planes flying toward us, away up in in the afternoon and I was hungry so I went to the sky. At first we thought they were Chinese buy a bowl of rice. While I was eating, the sta- planes. But God knew they were not; suddenly tion master sent to tell me that a second bus was thick clouds covered the whole residential area, going and that I could go on it. That certainly and we could hear the whirr of the planes over was an answer to prayer. I was only about half our heads. It was reported later that a factory an hour late for the meeting. We filled all our had been bombed about ten miles distant and sev- engagements except one in a city that had been eral people were killed or wounded. bombed too often so that the people had left for Four of us from Bethel were at Kuling and it the country. Liling was bombed just before our was a joy to see Christian workers with a sense meetings and we thought that the people would of the reality and nearness of Christ, going out to not come out; but the Lord did a wonderful thing face difficulties and dangers. Some were soon to and night after night the big church was so face this awful war in their districts. We may crowded that we had to preach to the children first never see them again on this earth but we thank and then send them away to make room for the God that they received a blessing at Kuling. adults. We had to tell late-comers to come the Our way back to Shanghai being cut off, we next evening for many were already standing in decided, after much prayer, to go to Hunan Prov- the aisles. About one third of the people in the ince for evangelistic meetings. That was last Sep- city attended these meetings. Every convert re- tember. Fortunately we bought our tickets to go ceived a Gospel copy and during that week more by a British boat up the Yangtze to Hankow than twelve hundred copies were given out.

where we could take the train to Hunan. The The Rev. Frank Ling, who was leader of an- ship was so crowded that we were compelled to other Bethel Band which worked in Kweichow sleep on the deck, packed together like sardines. Province writes that going through these moun- The Lord wonderfully led us. We spent four tainous districts if there were not busses they had months holding evangelistic meetings in different to ride in chairs. In one city there was only one cities and although many places in the province chair and one of the two chair-bearers was unable [37]

to carry. So Mr. Ling and Mr. Yang had to walk begotten Son to die for their sins. As we travel and to climb up the hills. Many times they had to from place to place we never meet Christians who stop on the roadside to pray for strength.. After feel bitter toward Japan but they pray that peace the first day they were so tired when they reached and order may be restored. I pray that God will the small village that they hunted for a hotel to grant righteousness and justice in the Far East.

spend the night. There were only three rooms- Japan and China have so much in common that one of which was for cows and pigs. One room they ought to live in peace as neighbors. May offered for their sleeping room was so dark and God grant that these two nations may come to filthy that they could not sleep there so they went understand each other.

out to the guest room. Here they found no bed One of the Chinese Christians, Mr. Ernest Yin, but some empty coffins and coffin lids. Spreading the Provincial Minister of Finance for Hunan, their bedding on the coffins they went to sleep. wrote a letter requesting Christians in China and Mr. Ling said to his friend, "Weare not dead yet, all over the world to observe a day of prayer on but we are tasting death !" Christ had not where behalf of China. He wrote: to lay his head, but they had a coffin. That night I am writing you on a very urgent matter that the Lord they slept very soundly, not even conscious that has laid upon my heart, and one that I am sure to which they were sleeping so near to the cows and pigs. you too have given great consideration. It is the matter of prayer. On the third day they lost their way going by a small footpath through thick woods. They in- It is nearly one year since the war started in China and quired the way several times and at last found the at present it looks as if it will be a long drawn out conflict. The awful destruction and great loss of so many innocent main road. In some places they could not buy lives weighs me down with grief. I am burdened to know anything to eat-not even eggs. Mr. Ling finally what we Christians should do. I know of only one thing was able to buy some rice-porridge but the next we do and that is to pray. day he had dysentery as a result of eating it. The Lord has laid it on my heart to suggest to a few friends that as a group we might suggest a Day of Prayer There were many difficulties in traveling. One for Christians in China and in foreign lands. Can we not stand unitedly in definite prayer that God will bring about day the bus in which he was riding got out of a speedy and righteous settlement to this awful conflict? order along the hilly roads. The driver was not a mechanic and he could not repair it. There was I realize that we in China, whether engaged in Governno other bus going that way so the passengers got ment service or in any other pursuits have grievously sinned against God. But I believe that if we humble our- out and walked to the nearest village to find selves and call upon the Lord He will hear us and save us. lodging. Mr. Ling felt too weak to walk so was Therefore I believe it will be pleasing to Him if we set left behind and slept in the bus that night with apart a Day of Prayer. I suggest September 4th, or even the driver. They could see the hungry wolves on an earlier date for this purpose. the hilltops, but God protected them and they slept well. This mission band traveled four thou- In an address by Madame Chiang Kai-Shek at. Hankow, s.he says: sand miles; they walked on foot four days, rode The Generalissimo and I feel that no words we could in chairs for eleven days and held over sixty meet- speak could sufficiently express our debt of gratitude to ings. with definite conversions. the missionary body all over China who have been a help to the distressed and the best of friends, to hundreds of A Glorious Revival thousands of refugees. You may remember a few years ago it was quite the fashion to decry missionary efforts. Another Bethel Band in Kwangsi Province re- There was even a commission sent from America to inves- ported glorious revivals and many cried to the tigate mission work because there was a general feeling that missionary efforts had been a failure. There were Lord for salvation. Kwangsi has been most strict also people who asked where were the successors of Livin the conscription of law and that province alone ingstone, Morrison and others? Is the missionary spirit has furnished the Government with about half a dead? If we are really impartial and look around us and million men. The Christian Missionary Alliance take an impartial view of what has happened in the last Bible School there was emptied of young men. A nine months I :would say their successors are right here! military officer came to meetings one night and Everyone of the missionaries possesses the same valour was converted so that the next day he brought his whole family and urged them to accept Jesus and the same undaunted spirit that the missionaries of old had. I would go a step farther. When we picture old Dr. Morrison in a sanpan with his Chinese teacher, work- Christ as their Saviour. He wanted to be sure ing under the heat of the tropical sun on the translation of the Bible into Chinese, while edicts from the Emperor that he might meet his loved ones in Heaven. had been issued against him, we think of that as being Certainly hearts are hungry all over China. We very heroic. But when we think of what the missionaries have done during the last nine months, I would say that would like to send out more young men to bring these missionaries have not been one whit less heroic. . . • the message of God's love and salvation to the sin- ·stricken, broken hearts. The refugees now num- Coming back from the war it was the missionaries who ber 100,000,000 and many have lost all their visualized the need of refugee zones and saved hundreds of thousands of people, men, women and children. Here earthly possessions. They need to know the One in Hankow you have started refugee camps and your In- who loves and cares for them, who gave His only . ternational Red Cross Committee has organized help for

CHRISTIAN BANDS IN WAR-TORN CHINA

our wounded soldiers. In Kaifeng they have well-organ- more. We are planning to send a group of workized plans for establishing a refugee zone whenever the, ers, headed by Rev. Frank Ling, to start a large need arises. From all over China come reports of work orphanage in Tuhshan, Kweichow. The China like this. Those of you who are here now have done so Inland Mission has kindly offered property there much for our people! We do appreciate it. for this purpose. Remember us in your prayer. Since the loss of our mission property in Shang- These quotations show the general feeling hai the Bethel Mission is branching out. We have among the Christians in China. They feel guilty now one hospital in the French Concession 'in before God and realize their own helplessness. Shanghai and another was opened last May to take They pray for forgiveness and depend on God and care of the war babies. The Gospel Hall work has His mercy. Throughout China people are also been re-opened in Shanghai. In Hongkong we very grateful to the foreign missionaries. It is have over fifty promising young men and' young time for the Christian churches all over the world to stir themselves to relieve the suffering and to women in our Bible School. The Orphanage here preach the Gospel in our distressed land. We be- receives new children almost every week. Opporlieve that we have unprecedented opportunities tunities for preaching are wonderful. We lost our before us. press but the printing department is stilI going on, and we have printed Dr. R. E. Neighbour's As for the war orphan question: Madame Chiang Kai-shek in her letter to me says: book, "Victorious Living," Dr. Oswald Smith's on "The Revival We Need," and Dr. Walter Wilson's I am exceedingly glad that your mission feels that it "Miracles in a Doctor's Life." Tens of thousands will be possible for you to take care of fifty war orphans. of tracts and a monthly magazine in Chinese are There are so many tens of thousands of these destitute, also printed on our press. And now the Bethel homeless little ones, that anything we can do to better Bands will again be sent to the needy fields. ' The their lot is only a drop in the bucket. Yet, it is incumbent need is great, but our God is greater. Pray that upon us as Chinese, and as Christians, to do all that we much blessing may accompany our efforts to bring can on their behalf. about the greater things, for His Kingdom.

The fifty war orphans are already cared for by the mission in Hongkong and there are thousands MOVING DAY IN A CANTON HOSPITAL Mrs. Theodore D. Stevenson (Beatrice Scott), an American missionary in Canton, sends this interesting account of moving into their new hospital before it was bombed by the Japanese.

"Char-women, with beaming smiles, carried heavy pails of water and scrubbed all day long and far into the night-and if they dropped an occasional cleaning rag down the new drains and flooded a floor or two, it was with the best of intentions and only because they had never met proper plumbing before. The gardeners left their beloved pots of chrysanthemums (an unusual thing) and moved heavy cupboards hither and yon. The hospital carpenter stayed up until the wee, small hours adding last minute touches to the furniture. Even the nurses lent a hand and voluntarily cleaned windows (a very 'face-losing' business for nurses).

"Downstairs the doctors were adding finis.hing touches to their smart new offices and examining rooms, and seeing to it that the ferns and blackwood furniture in the adjoining waiting room were placed in conventionally staff attitudes. Carpenters hammered; electricians installed and blew out fuses with equally cheerful rapidity; the telephone company put in a local dial system which everyone must stop their work to tryout; the elevator men (who were being paid by the day and therefor,e did not share the general enthusiasm for accomplishment) reluctantly put their final screws in place; the kitchen staff, proud in their new aprons, triumphantly served up the first meal; the first baby was born in the new delivery room.

"And then, unbelievably, we were in; all the wheels were in motion. "Best of all, this new efficiency is for everyone. The public wards and private rooms with bath are equally attractive and convenient-same curtains and spreads, same electric fixtures, same devoted nursing care, and the same chance to hear about Christ, the Life. "One patient remarked: 'We like your hospital because it is so clean,' by which she meant new, empty of the evil spirits that lurk in dead corpses. We hope it is 'clean' in that very sense-purged of the evil spirits of superstition, ignorance, callousness, pain-and that its example will count for good in this community and city and country."

A Revival in Angola, West

By MAURICE E. PARSONS, Elisabethville, Belgian Congo A REVIVAL has been sweeping over the An- such a vision of the havoc his unforgiving spirit gola Mission field for more than a year. was working among his people, that he could not The leader of the Methodist Conference, stay in bed. Hastening to the river, he got into evangelist Joaquim Bernardo, received a genuine his canoe and paddled the 20 miles to the village baptism of the Holy Spirit about four years ago. of the other pastor. There he poured out a con- This changed him from a shifting, uncertain, in- fession of his own wrongness and besought foreffective preacher into a man aflame with a pas- giveness. This completely broke the other, and sion for souls, mightily empowered in prayer and he in turn, with tears and sobs, took the blame. preaching so that he is greatly used in winning Peace flooded their souls. souls. One of his Spirit-filled workers is a grandmother who has been called "the bride" because Together they returned to the scene of the speshe walks very slowly as do African brides in cial meetings and after they told their story it going to the weddings. In trudging from village was not long before there were outpourings of the to village to pray with needy souls at these revival Spirit. Darkness was changed to light; blindness meetings, her aged feet have become so sore that to sight; sorrow to joy; and strife to peace. Folshe can hardly walk; and yet she keeps on with lowing this revival most of the people of the vilher work for God. lage went to the second village and paved the way for a revival there by asking pardon for past atti- This corps of workers began meetings in one tudes and actions, and then joined in singing, village and after several days the people still sat praying and rejoicing with their friends. They stolidly as the invitations were given. There was spent a week in winning victories in heart and no spirit of prayer or revival. What was the life through the power of the Spirit. Individual matter? It was discovered that the local pastor hearts had been made right, and there was marand another had become jealous of each other and velous "peace on earth among men of good will," neither would budge toward confessing and ask- because there was born in Bethlehem One whose ing forgiveness. This attitude of the pastors had name is not only "The Prince of Peace," but also spread to their people so that there was animosity "Jesus" "for He shall save His people from their between the two villages. sins."

Joaquim Bernardo and the others were pray- I have met many such examples of the grace ing that God's Spirit might break through. Fi- and power of God in my two years in Africa. nally one night there came to the pastor a great There are whitened fields in which there are few conviction of his own sinfulness and pride and laborers.

White Fields in Rhodesia By BISHOP JOHN McKENDREE SPRINGER, Umtala, Southern Rhodesia Bishop for Africa of the Methodist Episcopal Church "BEHOLD ye among, the heathen, and regard engaged in service as class leaders, stewards, and wonder marvelously." As we shuttle nurses and foremen, and hundreds as capable back and forth across Central Africa be- teachers, evangelists, and ministers. Truly God tween the Atlantic and Indian Oceans for the con- is working "a work in your time which you will ferences, visiting stations and seeing some work not believe though it be told you." This is as true of other societies and touching a camp meeting in 1938 A. D. as it was in Habakkuk's time. now and then, we are thrilled to see the thousands This year we attended seven conferences, two of joy-lit faces and to note the transformed lives. of which were interdenominational. The first was Large numbers of African Christians are actively the 60th anniversary of Protestant Missions in [40 ]

THE GOSPEL THE CITY NEEDS

the Congo and was held at Leopoldville. Two hun- definitely building up one Church-"The Church dred and forty native delegates. from eighteen dif- of Christ in Congo." ferent tribes gathered for the first conference of . Next came the All-Angola Conference held at the Congo Methodist Church, which preceded the Chilesso. For this forty-one missionaries and naconference of missionaries. Most of these people tives were present from nine different societies. understood one of the three native languages used: The president, citing the intensive practice of Kikongo, Lingala or Kiluba. Many of them also athletes, musicians anil others, gave new content understood French, which was used in some of to the words of Paul to Timothy to "exercise thythe sessions. self unto Godliness." Considering that in this Col- ony, as in the Congo, there is intense opposition In addition, three hundred natives, trained for on the part of Roman Catholics to Protestant Misthe choir, had been assembled from these tribes, sions, this became very appropriately a dominant and their voices blended beautifully. The cloth note in the Conference. for their vestments was given by the textile company which, from cotton grown in the Colony, Preceding each of our five Annual Methodist weaves 60% of the calico used in the Congo; and Conferences we had a three days' Retreat. ,a tailoring firm made them up free of cost. Many local firms donated food and gave other help to The revival in Angola, reported a year ago, has this Native Christian Conference. continued through the year. Over a thousand have professed conversion to. Christ. The day A pageant was given in a natural amphitheater after the Angola Conference closed, John Webba, on the west bank of Stanley Pool, a lake-like the senior minister of the Conference, entered widening of the mighty Congo, near the very spot into his rest. Webba assured his sorrowing wife where the first missionary, Bentley, landed sixty that God was taking him "Home" and that he was years ago to build his station among the wildest not afraid, and that the heavenly Father would of savages. This landing was depicted in one care for her and the children. He left five sons, episode. Other scenes portrayed the way in which all in Christian work, including an eider and a the Government had put an end to s},ave trading, deacon. As a boy, this prince of the Kingdom had and showed how medical missions are routing the been considered by his heathen chief as worth old-time witch doctor. There were seats for 5,000, merely the price of four razor-back pigs, and had but the demand was such that the performance been given as payment for a fine in lieu of the had to be repeated on the next day. The highest porkers. Government officials attended and were greatly pleased. On the closing Sunday of the Native The Congo Conference was held at Sandoa, and Conference vast congregations joined in services over 800 partook of the Communio.n, though it was in the three languages.. only sixteen years since the Brintons cleared a place in which to build the grass huts in which In the Missionary Conference one hundred and they had to live all through the first rainy season. twenty-six delegates from twenty-two Protestant Talk of miracles! When we saw the congregation societies spent eight days in fellowship, prayer of some 2,000 Christians assembled at the Church and the discussion of problems and policy. In that first Sunday and thought of the other thouthe Congo there is the fullest comity in the Prot- sands throughout the circuit, where there had not estant group, all working as though united in one been more than a dozen Christians sixteen years society, joyfully acknowledging one Lord, and ago, our hearts sang the Hallelujah Chorus.

The Gospel the City Needs By A. SCOTT, New York* "For whatsoever is born of God overcometh the world; Christ died for the ungodly. Through Him lies and .this is the victory that overcometh the world, even individual salvation as well as the one effective our faith." remedy for the social ills of the day but even the most consecrated of Christians are prone to wan- T HE city needs the Gospel of Christ. It is der into concern over prison conditions and their obviously true that there is no spiritual need reforms, conditions in the so..called slum areas, of one class of society greater than that of temperance, the motion-picture evils, war and another class. The crying need of the day in peace, and many varieties and shades of modern which we live is a reproclaiming of the Gospel of political and economic philosophy. The ills of the Christ to all men everywhere. body social are many and, while true, none of • Brought to Christ In the McAuley Cremorne MisSion.

them are according to the Will of God. Christians since been washed from the sands of Galilee's energetically spend time tilting at these wind- shore, Jesus Christ of Nazareth. mills, all the while failing to realize the full significance of our Lord's words, "Ye must be born There are citizens other than Christians, who again." For is it not only through that which is are concerned with the ills of the day, as is eviborn of the spirit that the day of social regenera- denced by a trend in civic thought. The differtion will ever be possible? Meanwhile we mis- ence existing between those others and the Christake gpod causes for the one good cause-the re- tian lies in the remedy proposed for application. demption of humanity by everlastinglyproclaim~ The civic forum is no longer a platform from ing the everlasting Gospel of the Son of God. which are heard the words of the wise; no longer the nations press, nor again the voice of the radio, Are there fOI1ces of evil abroad in the city? Are but the thinking processes of the entire people is there spectres of poverty, greed, lust, crime, vice, gravely concerned with the welfare of society. pleasure seeking to the exclusion of all else, and Within' itself economically distressed, politically the s·pectres of moral looseness and laxity to be disturbed, morally retrogressed and s,piritually seen on every hand? Can the aim of the Chris- decadent, the nation derives but little comfort tian, of the mission or the "up-town" church, be from events beyond its borders. All over the anything other than to point to the Christ of Calvary as the remedy for all that is contrary to the world there exists a state of near-chaos needing will of God? Can the substance of any Gospel but little to become chao3 in the absolute. The that is to save humanity from itself be anything present lies shrouded in doubt, while the future other than the sacrificial death of Him who said, is darkened by fear. And yet, for this nation and "I am the way, the truth, and the life"? On what those beyond our borders, there is a way out; it is the road back to God and back to a reverence is emphasis to be placed other than on the human for the things properly to be reverenced. The need for its one and only Saviour? The Gospel road back is the road leading forward whereon lies the realization that man's will cannot run the city needs is today that old, old story, first contrary to the Will of God. proclaimed by Him whose footprints have long DILEMMAS MUST BE FACED IN CHINA Christian forces in China are realizing that war brings moral problems, by-products, as well as those that have to do with refugees, evacuation and the like. One of them is the opium traffic. One earnest layman advised silence regarding opium, lest embarrassment be caused the central government, which, he said, was largely dependent on opium revenue for carrying on the war; but those in a position to know say that Chiang Kai-shek has been and is uncom- promising in his efforts to suppress the cultivation of the poppy even at the expense of amaz- ingly large revenues. It is in the areas occupied by Japanese that the traffic is flourishing, and if there is to be a fight against this evil it must be by Christian forces that remain there.

Another problem concerns the choice of silence, or defiance in connection with preaching.

Occasionally, warnings are given against proclaiming any doctrine of God that might be in- terpreted as a slight ag.ainst the emperor. There has even been a suggestion from high mis- sion circles that certain publicity material prepared for the Madras Conference which indi- cated that body's intention to exalt the supremacy of God above any state authority might make it more difficult to secure the attendance of the delegations from one or another totali- tarian state. Some missionary leaders in China have begun to realize that the carrying on of church work in conquered territory does not insure freedom from that kind of problem.

A third quandary has to do with the use of a foreign flag, for more than once mission- aries have been asked to lend their national flag to protect a chur.ch or school which legally belongs to the Chinese; and still anoth.er question is that of sale of property to the Japanese.

Shanghai offers an illustration. Under pressll:re from Washington the Japanese agreed to re- turn the property of the University of Shanghai, which they had occupied since last autumn.

But they specified that it should not be used either as a Chinese school or as a residence for for- eign missionaries. Also they refused to issue passes to the missionaries or university represen- tatives to traverse the roads leading to the campus. Negotiations led to the suggestion that the Japanese purchase the buildings and grounds. But Chinese faculty members, and Board of Managers, to a man, rejected the proposition. They would rather be without a college than accept even the huge sum suggested. -Christian Century.

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II Effective Ways of Working 'Tested Methods for Increasing Interest at Home EDITED BY MISS GRACE W. lVlcGAVRAN, 5718 OAK AVE., INDIANAPOLIS, INDIANA A Solo in Costume more familiar to your group, but can add so much to your year's be sure that the mood of the study. It is true that a wide- The hymn which follows is one music interprets suitably the awake committee can find out written for use in the Leonard emotion of the hymn. many things from many sources Theological College in Jubbul- and do without the book, but it pore, Central Provinces, India. Marbled Halls of Ancient is also true that many a commit- It may be sung to anyone of Kingdoms tee will have neither the time several tunes which are noted nor the sources of information; below. Marbled halls of ancient kingdoms, and that many another commit- Mighty empires passed away, tee has to choose between find- Have this sung as a solo with ing out and putting into effect. the singer in the costume of In- Baffled lore and mystic longing, You handicap your committee by dia. Introduce the solo with the Join the cry for life today. failing to put into their hands information about its origin. the result of much research Suggest that in this and other Open is the door effectual, which, in a pamphlet like this, hymns of aspiration we join See the multitudes that yearn, concentrates ideas and materials with Christian friends in India which have taken weeks to get in feeling that only through Reaching up from crushed existence, together. Give your committee Christ can that beloved country 'Tis for life their hearts do burn. this tool and then expect good find the true Way of Life. use to be made of it. It will re- "Show us Jesus!" Hear the cry of sult in much more effective work Use it again in some program Multitudes in thronging mart! on their part. on India given for the whole church, with the same introduc- Send us, Lord, our Pentecost to A Book Dinner tion. Bear the Cross to India's Heart! We might take a hint from a If you wish instead to have the Forth there goes the weary pilgrim sorority group in Illinois. They missionary society use it as a Seeking peace in lotus shrines; needed books for their library. hymn during their India study, Each girl was asked to bring ask your choir director to help Though the proffered ways are legion, back in the fall a book she had choose that tune for it which will Still the heart of India pines. enjoyed during the summer. The best lend itself to congregational chapter then had a book dinner. singing. Then have a time when Christ the livin~ way we offer, They used the books brought, as it is learned. This should not be High we hold His Cross of love, centerpieces. For after-dinner a part of the devotional period, speeches, each girl told why she but the devotional period may Joyfully we join in service, liked the book she had contribwell be shortened occasionally to Build we beauty -from above. uted. A Fall, or New Year's insert in the program a five- or Book Dinner might launch our ten-minute "learning period" "Show us Jesus!" Hear the cry of groups in some very worth-while when new hymns such as this Multitudes in thronging mart! reading. Even if only a very are learned. If you give time few books are donated the interto learning it, be sure it is used Send us, Lord, our Pentecost to est created in them will secure frequently enough thereafter to Bear the Cross to India's Heart! their effective use. Write the warrant the time thus spent. name of the donor in the front "E'er abide in me," says Jesus, of each book and lightly paste in The tune to which this is some- "Would ye fruits of Spirit bear," a slip of paper on which each one times sung is "Clem." These who reads the book may put her other tunes are good-"Panoply Yea, abide in us, we ~ray Thee, name. of Light"; "Feliciter"; and for Grant us power to do and dare. congregational use "Hymn to Stimulate Reading Joy." The last named requires So, we pledge Thee who hast called us, the repetition of the third and In one fellowship sublime, A meeting often ends early or fourth lines of music, sung very someone who was to have been softly, for the refrain. Other All we are in glad abandon, tunes in the same meter may be Make us prophets of our time.

"Show us Jesus!" Hear the cry of Multitudes in thronging mart!

Send us, Lord, our Pentecost to Bear the Cross to India's Heart!

-C. Stanley Thoburn.

Help Your Social Committee In studying a foreign country like India, it is only fair to your social committee to give them some help in their planning. Twenty-five cents will bring you "Fun and Festival from India," which contains many ideas for decorating, for music, for menus, and for all that local color which [43 ]

on the program unexpectedly The business women came di- ful and clear-cut presentations fails. One organization has a rect to the church from their by people able to speak with aulibrary committee whose mem- offices, those arriving early hav- thority. bers are always prepared with ing time to enj oy a bit of visitone or more book reviews. Just ing. Those for whom the trip We cite this case, not as one a word from the leader in an was longer, or who were free to be copied, but as an example aside, and a delightful and stim- later, arrived just in time for of a church ready to find a way ulating book review appears on to give its business and profesthe program as if it had been the meal. sional women the missionary planned as a part of it. Since At six-thirty the supper was education they needed and these reviews never increase the wanted at a time and in a way usual length of the meeting they over and tables were cleared. which could enlist the greatest are always enjoyed and do much The program lasted from six- number. to increase the reading-desires of the members. thirty to a quarter to eight. The To insist on old forms of or- business was brief and efficiently ganization – on ancient times Burma Comes to Iowa planned; devotionals were mean- and places and ways of meeting ingful but short; and talks or is to hamper the cause. Find the At a young people's rally in addresses were planned to take problems facing a group in con- Sheffield, Iowa, the Saturday an exact period. At 7: 45 the nection with their meeting for night dinner took the form of a benediction was pronounced, so missionary education. Discover Burmese scene in which the that any member with an eve- the type of work which will chalposts of the room simulated ning engagement was free to go. lenge them. Arrange a way of palm trees, the menu cards were getting together which will be in the shape of pagodas and the At times the church was de- both convenient and effective. menu written in Karen. Peanuts serted by eight o'clock except for Then keep the conditions inand sweets were served in cocoa- the woman employed to wash violate. nut shells. The pastor, his wife dishes. At other times a group and their children (formerly lingered for an hour or more, Use Dolls for Publicity missionaries in Burma) were enjoying each other's comments dressed in Karen costume and –or, just "visiting." Occasion- The W 0 men's Missionary sang, "Jesus Loves Me," in that ally an interesting speaker held Friend (October, 1938) carries tongue. On the long table was a sort of post-session as thought- an advertisement by Mrs. Elsie constructed a Burmese village provoking as the address. But Clark Krug, 2'227 St. Paul replete wit h thatched – roof this rose out of circumstances Street, Baltimore, Maryland, houses on stilts, groups of ele- and not through planning. which has a fine suggestion for phants standing about, and two publicity. Mrs. Krug has for pagodas in dominating position. Consider the situation: A sale India dolls, made in India Three devotional addresses were group of women from forty to in a home for widows. These given. The menu cOn";sted of sixty in number, who had so dolls represent different castes Me (rice), Dahsih (pi'kle rel- many conflicting interests and and occupations. Write for her ish), Thequitha (banana), Kapi responsibilities that a free eve- price-list. Her suggestion is (coffee), Ice Kri (ice cream), ning could not be discovered, that newspapers will gladly Ghethu (curry), Thagotha (to- found that they could take the photograph them and write armatoes), Goh Seh (cake). earlier hour, provided certain ticles about them. conditions were met. They had Meet the Situation of Your no responsibility for the meal be- Securing the right publicity yond paying. (For years a dol- for special meetings is a weak Group lar per member per year pro- point in most church groups. vided the meal and dishwasher.) Newspapers are always ready to A church in a busy Kansas They were content with a meal use really interesting copy. town found a method of securing so simple that its cost and prep- They cannot be expected to run regular and large attendance of aration were reduced to a min- the dull sort of announcement business women at their mission- imum. There was promptness in that attracts no one. ary guild meeting once a Bonth. starting and clock-like regularity in clos.ing. A good program was Snappy and news-worthy A flat, yearly charge was made provided, usually from outside write-ups, especially when ac-. each member to cover the cost of the group. companied by pictures suitable the very inexpensive supper for making cuts and really tellserved promptly at six o'clock Perhaps some of these condi- ing a story, will have ready acten times a year. Note that an tions are not ideal. But cancel ceptance in many newspaper absent member's supper-fee was one of them and that particular offices. available to equalize costs. group would have dissolved. For instance, had the leaders at- We hope later to devote an is- Three women of the church, tempted to provide for the pro- sue to the question of effective who did not belong to the group, gram from within the group, a publicity and would be glad to prepared a simple, well-balanced certain proportion would imme- receive accounts of especially efmeal. diately have dropped out. They fective publicity for missionary wanted to be stimulated and events in your church. forced to think, through force-

EFFECTIVE WAYS OF WORKING

We Want to Know who later spoke to the entire The book is true to its title. group, was inspired by the l:.S- The theme and motive of the life What was the most effective surance that she had before her of an Indian woman is her huspiece of work you did for Mis- women intelligent on the subject band. The charm of the book is sions last summer? Or the sum- of her address. Several members unusual. It portrays most delimer before? We do not neces- were able to listen with greater cately the devotion of the womsarily mean a meeting. Through delight because of their informal anhood of India to her ideal. what enterprise, technique, nov- "preview" of the speaker. Ramabai Ranade, its author, elty, or method did you affect moreover gives a moving picture the lives of members of your The words in which a speaker of the contrast between the purcongregation, missionary group adresses the group are only half dah-bound women of the averor individuals in a worthwhile of the service she may render. age household and the struggle way, in spite of heat, summer Choose with care a few persons for freedom on the part of these "slump," etc.? In other words with whom the speaker may chat who like herself in obedience to what did you do to make your in the social moments preceding the desire of an enlighted huswork, or some phase of it a suc- the meeting. Questions will flow band are defying custom and cess, in spite of the usual sum- much more readily following the tradition to leave seclusion and mer handicaps? address if there has been an op- enter public life. portunity for the speaker to Our May issue, according to meet at least a few of the mem- Something of the theme and present plans, will be devoted to bers in the right way. outlook of the book might be that problem, and we want to given by one woman, who must give others the best of your sug- Try This Game on India be able to enter with sympathy gestions. Address the editor of into the feelings and life of the these pages at 5718 Oak Avenue, A heart-warming little note Indian woman. The story itself Indianapolis, Indiana. from Mrs. Aitchison, the former may be given by another wom- editor of these pages, written in an, reading from the book if de~ Effective Personal pencil as she takes her enforced sired, as if she were seeing for Introductions rest-cure, has come to the pres- the first time her own words in ent editor. In it Mrs. Aitchison print. She should be dressed in Contrast these two situations. mentions a game on India, Know an Indian sari, as delicate and as -A younger member of a mis- Your Mission Lan d 8 – India, rich a one as possible, for the sionary group brought a guest which has come to her and Ranades were wealthy. to the meeting. She introduced which she feels would be interher to several who made her esting and worth-while. We are Learning Through Drama welcome with the inconsequen- delighted to have her recomtial pleasant chit-chat of new mendation, as a copy of the An interesting little playlet, acquaintances. Imagine their game has not so far reached us. prepared and published in India annoyance when she was later for use in the village schools to introduced as an outstanding The game is similar to the portray their own program, is worker in another denomination weH-known Lotto. The cards available at 10 cents a copy from and the speaker of the day. contain questions and answers Mabel W. Moomaw, Vocational They had lost a golden opportu- selected from the interdenom- Training S c h 0 0 1, Anklesvar, nity for informal· conversation inational mission study books on Broach District, India. It is enon some of the things, in which India. Two to fifteen people titled "My Son." they had been especially inter- may play. It will provide a ested, and felt that their speaker lively game period for from two Juniors would enjoy using must have thought them un- to fifteen children, young people this in a study of India. There usually unconcerned about her or adults. It costs only 50 cents are gaps in it which they would own background and interests. postpaid. need to fill after study. For in- stance, a child reports on the A tactful hostess of another Order from: The Literature Department, birds that are seen in the village. missionary group brought a The Women's General Missionary Society, This, in the village school pr~ guest. She introduced her to 904 Publication Building, Pittsburgh, Pa.. gram, is easily done. Our chilseveral members. Each time the or from Mrs. E. D. McKune, 211 Fifteenth dren would need to look up India hostess was able to mention Ave., S., Nampa, Idaho. and find out about birds there. some particular interest which the member had shown in the An Unusual Book Opportunity Its value would lie to a large type of enterprise carried on by extent, for children in this counthe visitor. Both were made to The autobiography of a lady try, in the study they would be feel that it was because of a of India, recently off the press, led to do in order to give it. common interest that she had offers a wonderful opportunity They might even make some brought them together; she for a book review. In the first changes in it to make it clearer chatted with them long enough place its title is "Himself," an to an American audience.. They after each introduction to be intriguing thing in itself. "An might get quite a bit of delight sure that each had a key to the autobiography of an Indian lady, from putting on something writ~ other's activities. The. guest, ten for and actually given by and called 'Himself'!" * writes children in India.

one woman inchedulously.

• "Himself" by Ramabai Ranade, trans- Jated by Katharine Gates. $2.00. Long- mans Green, N. Y., 1938,

BULLETIN

Council of Women for Home Missions EDITED BY MISS EDITH E. LOWRY, 297 FOURTH AVENUE, NEW YORK, N. Y.

A OALL TO PRAYER scenes, we know that with hus- such a warm purpose – to re- bands and children and servants member one another, to dedicate GOES OUT TO ALL PEOPLE and neighbors and friends, at themselves anew to creating the home or abroad, these good Kingdom of Heaven on earth, LET US PRAY: women created a contagious and engaging climate around them and to capture the attention of Father, grant that I may take which others undoubtedly copied. the listless and the lukewarm, my religion seriously and in- that all may realize a little of the vite the spirit of Jesus Christ The quality of goodness we to permeate everything I say mean includes ideals spiced with startling attraction to be discov- and do. imagination, and fine living done ered in Jesus Christ and to be for a purpose. Suppose that for expressed in lives touched afresh May the law of love be the law even one day in the year all such by His beauty! which governs my everyday women could pause, kneel in life. May I seek to reproduce prayer for one another – that This year's Service of Worship the warm friendliness of Jesus their common .dream for their for Friday, February 24, has in my home, my neighborhood, world might materialize, through been prepared by a group of my business life, and in my young women in the United smallest personal contact. -Albrecht Durer States, using as a theme, "Let us Help me to seek out some person themselves. Who knows what put our Love into Deeds-and or group whose immediate impetus this could give to Make it ReaL" It is a searching needs cry out for Christian weaker women trailing along in sequence of responsive readings, service and in mutual shar- the footsteps of their leaders? prayers, and hymns, with peri- ing give all that I am and have. For many years now the first ods of penetrating silence and a Friday in Lent has been set aside stirring roll call of the nations. Help me to study, work, and for the World Day of Prayer. It is designed to stab any wom- pray for better understanding East, West, North, South, from an awake into 'seeing herself as among people of all races and dawn to dusk, somewhere on the nations. Heln me to be will- face of the earth, women ac- someone expected to alter the ing to live dangerously that tually will be meeting for just trend of history and shift civili- peace may come in this our zation into a more truly Christ- day,O Lord. [46] like era: through the definite "God will not ask thy race, mention of the high traits in the Nor will he ask thy birth. character of Jesus. Alone he will demand of thee But even before the practical stimulus of the printed page is What hast thou done on reached, the cover itself offers· earth." the silent influence of Albrecht Let us put our love into deeds Durer's "Praying Hands." These and make it real. Hands have a legend significant enough to be told first to the THE WORLD DAY OF PRAYER small interdenominational group which will meet beforehand to Sometimes we need a sudden plan the February 24th service, sentence to lift us into a new and then retold at the World Day focus on ourselves! Listen therefore to Emerson: "Civ- of Prayer service also, in order ilization is the history of good that their very patience may sugwomen-" as sudden, as provoc- gest the beauty vested in the ative as that! But is it true? Each one of us will at least agree humblest of us, when dedicated that it cannot be not true; for wherever a high civilization has to the highest. For Durer had been created and maintained, the a friend who had been trying to women have been as geared into be a great painter; but try as he it as the men; and, because of might through the years, greattheir quieter influence behind all ness passed him by; yet he nev- er gave up. One day Durer's imagination saw in those unsuc-

BULLETIN: COUNCIL OF WOMEN FOR HOME MISSIONS

cessful hands not thwarted There is a similar benediction Hearty Welcome I dreams, but the incarnation of such genuine worth that he waiting to bless your town also! The women of the West Coast asked to draw them in the atti- are welcoming as a worthy suctude of prayer, to suggest the To promote such vital and vigor- cessor to the late Miss Adela J. dignity of labor and the bene- Ballard, Mrs. F. E. Shotwell, the diction of hope. ous fellowship the following sup- new Western Area Supervisor of Migrant Work, appointed by This is so symbolic of our own plies are available; and in case the Council of Women for Home consciousness of being neither Missions. brilliant nor famous; yet a qui- yours is one of the cities where et glory touches our merely aver- Those of us who have met Mrs. age hands when folded in the World Day of Prayer has Shotwell are delighted with her prayer: "May the beauty of the personality, with her back- never been observed, will you not ground of education and with Lord our God be upon us; and her qualification in experience. establish Thou the work of our consider that because you have Personally she has grace and hands; yea, the work of our charm; her degrees in secular hands establish Thou it." read these words you are there- and religious education as well as sociology assure excellent pro- That this has been an actual fore the very person to initiate fessional preparation and her result to communities observing experience in working with the World Day of Prayer, our the observance and to take the young people and church groups, 1938 report of it proves, one sec- as well as in Nevada Welfare first steps which these leaflets Work and in Colorado, Washingtion of which paints the picture: will list? . ton, Oregon and California mi- grant projects assure practical For the women of Shanghai the The following supplies for the application of her knowledge. Women's World Day of Prayer had Quite as much as with all these, unusual significance. "The love of observance should be ordered we are delighted with her evi- Christ our only hope," was the unify- dence of judgment and balance ing theme. The committee which set from denominational Boards: in difficult situations and with up the program was composed of her determination to restudy the Chinese, Japanese, German, Russian, Call to Prayer-free (in limited quan- needs as they are today and the English and American women. This tities) . effective program for the future. committee appointed a sub-committee to plan for a meeting in the Chinese Adult Program – "Let Us Put Our With the changing type of peolanguage. Love into Deeds – and Make It ple making up the migrant Real"-2 cents each, $2.00 per hun- group, from a largely foreign The Chinese service brought the e I erne n t never economically audience face to face with the implica- dred. above a subsistence level, to a tions of the love of Christ in our war- Young People's Program-"And Who group largely native Americans, torn city. In the midst of our tragedy many of them dispossessed farmand losses we were given to see we Is My Neighbor?" – 2 cents each, ers from the dust bowl, who have still had much to be thankful for. In formerly been independent, Mrs. the time of confession the personal $2.00 per hundred. Shotwell is proving herself an and national sins which have contrib- Children's Program-"God's Children understanding and h e I p f u 1 uted to this situation were confessed. friend. The forgiving love of Christ con- Live in Many Lands"-l cent each, strained the audience to forgive those We can think of no one better who have sinned against us. At the $1.00 per hundred. qualified for the four-fold apclose of this service, those who were Poster (llx17)-5 cents. proach necessary to work in the at home in the English language went The Church, A World Fellowship (A migrant areas: contacts with to the international service. . . . government workers, church Review of the World Day of Prayer, groups, employers and the mi- This year the international service March 5, 1938). Single copies free, grants themselves-all approachmet in the Community Church. es requiring wisdom and tact in Twelve different nations were repre- $1.00 per hundred. an unusual degree. The Council sented in the audience. Each one is indeed fortunate in its choice prayed in her own language. The MRS. F. E. SHOTWELL of Mrs. Shotwell. She will need earnest prayer offered by a Japanese our understanding and cooperawoman for the sufferers in the war This article was prepared by Miss Mar- tion. We pledge our support will long be remembered. The high garet T. Applegarth, Chairman of the World peak in the service was the candle Day of Prayer Committee of the National and wish her well.* lighting service when women repre- Committee of Church Women, representing senting different nations approached the National Council of Church Women, the • From ",letter to the editor from Mrs. R. L. the central candle to light the un- Foreign Missions Conference, and the Coun- Bowen, Vice President of the Southern Calilighted candles they carried. A holy cil of Women for Home Missions, Room 63, fornia Council of Federated Church Women. hush fell on the audience as the Jap- 297 Fourth Avenue, New York. anese and Chinese women from opposite aisles approached the central candle and at the same time lighted their candles to return to spread their light. It was so evident that the only way out was for the love of Christ to lift us all above narrow nationalism which is darkening our world. We were challenged to spread the light of His love as the only way out of the darkness which is fast enveloping us.

A Story for the

Yasha, the Refugee One Monday morning a visitor Down in the audience Karl came to talk to the whole school beamed with pride. He whis- By VIOLET WOOD, NEW YORK about health, for it was the first pered among the fifth grade day of Health Week. To all the boys, "Didn't I tell you he's Yasha stood in the school yard, children, except Yasha, it was smart?" unhappily the center of a circle like a holiday. For him it was of·· jeering boys. They were punishment, as he had to sit After the program was over with the first-graders and he Miss Inglis detained Karl and laughing and calling out "Yasha was so much bigger that he felt Yasha. "I am proud of you is a refugee! They threw him both," she said. "Yasha, you out of Russia! They threw him uncomfortable. may get your things and I will out of Germany! Yasha is a Miss Inglis made a little take you into the third grade to- Jew boy. He is ten years old day. If Karl continues to help and only in the first grade! He speech about their visitor, a you, I'll promote you until you're can't even speak English. Yasha in his class." is a refugee!" famous Russian doctor. When the doctor himself spoke, a At recess Karl told the other Miss Inglis, the principal, saw boys. He tossed off a few Rusall this as she looked down from whisper of surprise went around sion words that Yasha had her office window into the yard. among the fifth grade boys, "He taught him. The boys crowded She knew that if she called the around jealously, "How about tormentors off, she would only sounds just like Yasha!" Dr. your teaching us some Russian? add "teacher's pet" to the list of Malkin made them all laugh by Why don't we start a Russiannames given to Yasha. telling stories of germs that English club?" never go to sleep, but dig little She turned from the window "All right," said Karl, "if you to a boy standing beside her, and tunnels in unbrushed teeth and will let Yasha be president." said: "Karl, I am glad you came live happily in dirty finger nails. to see me about Yasha. I will "Sure," one of the boys an- He started a new story: "When swered, "if he's not mad at us .try to do something about it. I was a boy in Russia I was a for calling him names." belfer. Now I guess there is no What are you going to do?" one here who understands that At first Yasha could not be- "Well," Karl began, "last Sun- lieve that they wanted him, but word. Is there?" when he understood that they day we were talking in Sunday At the word belfer Yasha really meant it, he thought that school about persecution and I he was the happiest boy in told our teacher it sounded like jumped. He knew. His father what the boys do to Yasha. She had long ago been a belfer in America. said I ought to do something. I figured it out that he's really Russia. He raised his hand and Making Use of This Story smarter than we are 'cause he Dr. Malkin called on him. Yasha knows a little English, some spoke in rapid Russian, "A See how many famous Jews the chil- German and a lot of Russian. belfer is a boy leader who used dren can name. We only know English. Do you to bring the younger children think I could help him with Disraeli, twice Prime Minister of English?" home from school at night in old Great Britain. Russia when there were no "You certainly could," re- street lights. He walked at the Mendelssohn, composer of beautiful sponded Miss Inglis. "If you head and carried a lighted lan- hymns and songs. give him lessons faithfully, I'll be able to promote him much tern." Sarah Bernhardt, famous XIX cenfaster, for Yasha is a bright boy. Dr. Malkin said, "Very good. tury acress. Only his lack of English is holding him back." That is entirely right, but you Yehudi Menuhin, 21-year-old violin- must come up here and tell us ist of international fame. Several weeks went by. Yasha about it in English." was feverishly learning English Albert Einstein, mathematician, auunder the guidance of Karl. The Tremblingly Yasha faced the thor of theory of relativity. young teacher would have liked school, not wishing to tell the to bring his pupil into his Sun- doctor that he knew so little Benjamin Cardozo, Justice of the day school class, but Yasha jour- English he was only in the first Supreme Court of the United neyed every Sabbath with his grade. States. parents to the Synagogue in a near-by city. In spite of Karl's The doctor put his hand on the Stephen Wise, Jewish leader and kindness, Yasha was very un- boy's shoulder and said, "Now rabbi. happy. The boys often chased take your time, my boy. English him home shouting, "Yasha is a is much easier to speak than Ask the children to bring in current Jew boy, a refugee, a refugee!" Russian. Your Russian is per- clippings from magazines and news- fect. You do your school much papers about the Jewish persecution in Europe today. Let the teacher or credit." parent link up the story of the perse- Yasha suddenly lost his fear cution of the Pilgrims and their flight as refugees to America. and in good English told how his father, like Dr. Malkin, had been Give the children hymn books and a belfer in Russia. see how many hymns they can find, the music of which was composed by [48] Felix Mendelssohn, such as "Still, Still with Thee"; "Hark! the Herald Angels Sing."

~'!===================="~

~ OuJM!'n?;~~;sp':!~:cuS~~?Ok o71t EDITED BY MRS. HENRIETTA H. FERGUSON, XENIA, OHIO ~============~==================.~~ MISCELLANEOUS increased fivefold in Africa, Ja- introduced, and it is pervading pan and China, and sevenfold in the national life. Christianity Has Not Failed Africa. The increase since 1903 in Korea is seventyfold. There Minority Churches Who are bringing most credit were practically no Protestants to their country, and serving it in the Philippines in 1903; now The world Alliance for Intermost effectively in distant lands? there are 190,000. Seven out of national Friendship Through the asks the Central Christian Ad- everyone hundred Negro Af- Churches has adopted a minivocate. The answer is: "The ricans are now professing Chris- mum standard of liberty for missionaries." The Advocate tians-about one-half of whom churches that form a minority amplifies this answer:- are Protestants, and one-half in any country. The nine points Rom a n Catholics. Compared require: 1. Freedom to deter~ . . . The missionaries have been with Asia the baptized Chris- mine its faith and creed and life-savers; they have restrained Jap- tians in Africa are proportion- freedom from any imposition of anese raiders and rapers; they have ately over five times as numer- another philosophy or system of given first aid and hospital service to ous, and the missionaries are morals; 2. Freedom of public Chinese and Japanese alike. The pop- proportionately four times as and private worship, preaching ulation turns by thousands to the mis- many. and teaching, and freedom from sionaries. They stay, though local imposition of other religious cergovernment has collapsed and local The present number of Prot- emonies ; 3. Freedom to deterofficials have fled. estant missionaries is 27,483- mine its constitution within the or about 527 less than in 1925. limits of the laws of the state Nor are they immune from danger. Missionaries to Asia have de- and to administer its ownaf- Mission properties have been wrecked. creased by 2,345, and increased fairs; 4. Freedom to use the Nine Roman Catholic priests were in Africa by 2',158. Since 1925, mother tongue of its members in butchered-that's the exact word for the salaried staff of native work- all activities of church life; 5. it – at Chengtingfu, Hopei Province, ers has increased by one-third, Freedom to determine and conwhen the Japanese came in. Mission and now amounts to 203,468 trol the education of its minisstations have been looted. workers. There are now 17,789 ters and to decide upon their ordained Protestant nationals. suitability for service; 6. Free- The Japanese have been restrained It is significant to note that in dom to give religious education by the presence of missionaries, whom Japan during the past thirteen to their youth on the same conthey didn't dare to kill, and who years the m iss ion a r y body ditions as the majority churches would be witnesses of whatever out- dropped from 1,253 to 829, while and to bring them together in rages the invaders might commit or the ordained Japanese increased youth associations; 7. Freedom allow. Outside mission areas, the fate from 950 to 1,759. to support and carryon social of Chinese women has been a thing that cries to heaven for vengeance, In China and Japan, one out service, charitable w 0 r k and but very few Japanese soldiers have missionary activities at home dared invade mission premises. . . . of seven students of college and and abroad; 8. Freedom to use all rights open to citizens and The mission hospitals have been university age is in a Christian associations, e. g., the ownership swamped and swamped again by the of necessary property and coltides of wounded. In peace time they institution; in Korea the per- lection of funds; 9. Freedom of were the best hospitals in China, and exchange, cooperation and union their war work has been a miracle of centage is hi g her. Scripture with other groups of the same devotion, desperate toil, and personal church or with other Christian as well as surgical daring. translations have increased, the churches. largest growth being in Africa; Survey of World Missions and everywhere an astonishing All of this means simply that increase in Scripture distribu- members of minority churches The comprehensive statistics tion. should have the rights guaranof Protestant missions, issued teed to all citizens by any demoby the International Missionary But there is an arresting side cratic Bill of Rights. No church Council, is the result of two and to this survey. Out of a world is safe in a State where such a half years' work on the part pop u I a t ion of 2,095,000,000 rights are denied. of an able staff. The total Prot- there are still 1,377,000,000 nonestant Christian constituency in Christians. Progress in reach- -Christian Century. non-Christian lands has expand- ing unoccupied fields has not ed since 1925 from 8,340,000 to bee nmarked. However, into 13,036,000; or more than in the most lands the leaven has been previous twenty-two years. Communicants have, during the pres- [49 ] ent cenhry, trebled ili India;

Methodist Missions Reduced Pinewood. Two have already Orime Figures for New York been finished-The Call of Sam- The' Methodist Board of For- uel and The Good Samaritan– New York City's crime record eign Missions, at their 12'Oth and a third, Woman's Faith, is nearly ready." shows that the city mission task annual meeting in November, re- of the Christian Church is far port that war, and the domina- from finished. The New York Sun has just revealed some startion of increasingly large areas Beer "Ads" Turned Down tling facts, among them the fact by the totalitarian governments are steadily reducing the spread America's largest producer that there was a murder for of Protestantism and the possi- and distributor of short-length every day except one in 1936, bility of maintaining church in- motion picture advertising films, the latest year for which com- stitutions in mission countries; the Alexander Film Company, of plete statistics are available. As- and that freedom of religious Colorado Springs, Colo., has an- sault, robbery and larceny cases worship is meeting the strongest nounced its policy to drop ad- totaled 14,158, while minor fel- political opposition in the his- vertising of beer in its 7,782 onies reached 34,207. While the tory of Protestant missions. Op- contracted motion picture thea- major service of the Police Deposition to the work of ,the mis- ters. partment is the apprehension of sions in Japan, Korea and the In abandoning beer accounts, criminals, the prevention of conquered parts of China, in the firm is sacrificing an annual crime is also its responsibility. Italy and Italian colonies, in net income which has been ex- Constructive measures in crime Spain and in Germany was sin- ceeding $50,000. The action was prevention include provision for gled out in the report. Italian due to a belief that the other 77 outdoor playgrounds and 44 territory in Africa has become clients do not relish being placed indoor recreation centers. Morepractically impossible for Prot- in the company of beer adver- ever, the Police Athletic League estant missions, and should Ger- tisers on theater screens. This provided vents for young energy many's demand for the return of firm is reported to handle ap- in sport instead of crime, and colonies be granted it will place enrolled 34,407 members with under their domination territory proximately three-fourths 0 f attendance well beyond a million where Christian missions now such advertising in the country. in its sport events. exist; while if Franco wins in Its contracted theaters show to Spain, Protestant work is in more than 25,000,000 theater- For other measures in crime danger of being forbidden. Be- goers each week. prevention, the Police Departyond Spain, let it be remem- ment must continue to look to -Union Signal. the schools and to the churches, bered, lies all South America. and especially to the Sunday -New York Times. No Essays on Atheism schools.

NORTH AMERIOA A year ago the following ad- vertisement appeared in a Yak- Ohurch Boat in North Oarolina ima, Washington, paper: Religious Films In the isolated coastal regions In' 'Order tQ prQmQte tQlerance and a The many efforts during the brIOad-minded attitude toward reli- of North Carolina, a church boat past fifteen years to secure good giQUS questiQns, the American ASSQ- now is regularly taking religious religious films have not been a ciatiQn fQr the Advancement 'Of Athe- services to long-neglected com- ism is 'Offering prizes fQr the best lit- munities, many of which until success. England seems to be erary eXPQsitiQn 'Of arguments against the past summer had not seen a the Christian religiQn. . . . minister in more than two years. far in advance of America in this respect. The Manchester If the Christian religiQn is what its This work is under the direction Guardian recently observed that prQPQnents claim for it, it should welthe Religious Film Society is come the most searching and studious of Rev. A. H. Marshall, rector of investigation into its past, its present carrying on its program with set-up, and its possibilities fQr the fu- St. Philip's Church of Southexcellent effect. Says the Guard- ture. If it can't stand such an invesian's London correspondent: tigation, it is unworthy of the support port, N. C., and Mrs. Marshall. Together they visit isolated com- "The Religious Film Society given it. munities in their boat, the Jo- sephine Marshall, conducting and its publicity agent, the Cin- The American Association for the ema Christian Council, arranged services from the deck of the during the 'indoor' season of Advancement 'Of Atheism, therefore, boat anchored near docks, in cot- 1937-38 for over two thousand offers a first prize of fifty dollars, sec- tages, in private homes, and ond prize 'Of twenty-five dollars, and five additiQnal prizes of five dollars bookings of films, including two each for the best essays by pupils 'Of even in village grocery stores. high schools and junior colleges 'Of based on Tolstoy's Where Love Yakima County, 'On "The Folly and Despite the necessity of long Is, God Is and What Men Live Futility of Christianity." treks over swamp trails filled By. Several more new films will with poison ivy, mosquitoes and be added to the society's book- Interested to know what, if sand flies, residents of the area ing list for the coming season. any, was the response, the editor have greeted the services enthu- Episodes from the life of St. of the Sunday School Times siastically, and at times more Paul have been taken for a two- wrote the Association, and by than 100 on short notice have reel sound film, Faith Trium- return mail received the reply journeyed for miles to attend phant, which is being made at that no essays were submitted. the gatherings.

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

It is estimated that more than munion work supported by the other natural resources; road 55 communities along the inland Church Boards that compose the construction to open up remote waterway are thus being served. Home Missions Coup-cil, the local areas; Indian arts and crafts; church is now almost self-sup- health service, relief and reha- -The Living Church. porting. The Rev. Harold H. bilitation. Eymann is the successor of the Cooperative Venture in I ate greatly beloved "Parson Many missionaries at work in Tennessee Tom" Stev·enson, the former the vicinity of some of these Boulder City pastor. activities are not favorably im- A new venture in cooperative pressed with all of them. Sevliving is being inaugurated at -The Presbyterian. eral feel that the Indians are Ravenscroft, Tenn., an aban- being subjected to so rapid a doned mining community. When Problems of the South change and so many new influthe mining company moved out, ences that they have been unable some sixty famili.es were left The population of the South is to make the adjustment satisfacstranded. The Rev. Ed win increasing more rapidly than torily. Tribal customs, so op- White, who has been a mission- that of any part of the United posed to Christian ideals and so ary in Cumberland County, un- States. Its excess of births over hampering to Christian training, dertook to relieve the situation; deaths is ten per thousand, as are encouraged by the Govern-. some young women volunteers compared with the national av- ment. The problem of increased were enlisted to take charge of erage of seven per thousand; drinking remains unsolved. a community house and the and already it has the most Farm Security Administration thickly populated rural area. -Monday Morning. sent a young couple to lend aid in rehabilitation through sub- The South must educate one- Chinese Presbyterian Church sistence farming. An option has third of the nation's children in San Francisco now been obtained from the min- with one-sixth of the nation's ing company on 7,000 acres of school revenues. Only 16 per The Chi n e s e Presbyterian mountain land, together with all cent of the children are in High Church of San Francisco obthe houses in the mining camp School, as compared with 24 per served its 85th anniversary in and all mineral rights at a price cent in other states. November. Although all Chiof $3.50 per acre. nese are fond of elaborate cele- The health-protection facili- brations, this occasion was a The leaders hope to secure ties of the South are limited. For simple one because of the suffergovernment loans for coopera- example, there are only one- ings in the home land. This tive enterprises at low rates of third as many doctors per capita church was organized November interest and to organize the com- in South Carolina as there are in 6, 1853, by Dr. William Speer, munity on a cooperative basis California. The South is defi- who had been a medical missionwith skilled farm and business cient in hospitals and clinics, as ary to China, and was the first management. There is, in all the well as in health workers. Many such organization of Chinese land, no more tragic story than counties have no facilities at all. outside of Asia. Since the beginthat of stranded communities in ning, the church has had Chithe southern highlands where The South leads the nation in nese pastors except for brief inmines have been mined out, tim- the employment of children in tervals. It maintains a close reber cutting completed and erod- farm and factory. One hundred lation to the communi,ty through ed hillside land depleted. The eight out of everyone thousand its present pastor, who serves wage earners are unable to move children between ten and fifteen on the staff of directors of vawhen the company moves. years old are employed in the rious civic 0 r g ani z a t ion s. South, compared to forty-seven Schools have been established -Christian Century. out of everyone thousand chil- and Christian homes set up in dren of these ages in the country China by those who have gone Churches Cooperate at as a whole. out from this c h u r c h. Ten Shasta Dam churches in China have been -New York Times. founded and supported by gifts The Home Missions Council from Chinese Presbyterians in will cooperate in interdenomina- The American Indian the United States. tional religious work for the families of the 7,000 persons According to the latest census, -Monday Morning. who are to be employed in build- about 50 per cent of all Amering the national government's ican Indians live in three states: LATIN AMERICA new Shasta Dam on the Sacra- Oklahoma, Arizona and New mento River, near Redding, in Mexico. This is an increase of Christian Education in Cuba northern California. One town 1.2 per cent a year for the past already has been built by the s eve n years. The agency in Cuban delegates to the Hagovernment and three 0 the r charge of federal activities for van a Congress on Christian town sites are being developed. Indians has an extensive pro- Work in 1929 proposed a plan At Boulder City, Nevada, which gram, which includes tribal or- for a continental federation of is another center of inter-com- ganization; increase of Indian evangelical churches, but the land-holdings; soil conservation plan met with no enthusiasm in and irrigation; conservation of

Cuba. Again in 1937, coopera- simplicity of their faith was most re- the whole community several tive fellowship was discussed at freshing. times before being invited to the Han a v a Conference on come in, but once he has gained Christian Education; and last In one village where w~ knew th~ngs a hearing, he will sit where the October definite plans material- were not right, opportumty was gIven family sits, comment as little as at the close of the meeting to set af- fairs straight; there followed such confessions and going to each other possible, preferring to let God ized at a Conference in Cama- speak for Himself through the giiey, Cuba, when, by unanimous and asking forgiveness for harsh simple, clear reading of one passage after another. Where vote, the Cuban Council of Chris- words or bitter thoughts as would put tian Education was formed. most American congregations to shame. . -Evangelical Christw,n. there has been a receptive spirit, Article I of the new constitu- he will suggest praying to God tion states "the purpose of the Fair Exchange No Robbery organization will be spiritu.al, just where they are. At fi.rst educational and fraternal, wIth C. H. Morris, American Bible their thoughts run somethmg special aim to promote the co- Society Agent in Amazonia, with like this: Is it really possible to operation of the evangelical two of the Society's launches pray to God, through J e sus churches in Cuba in the prom(jt- visited the immense archipelago Christ? Don't we need to pray ing of Christian education. It is in the mouth of the Amazon to an image, some visible nearour further purpose to enj oy the River, where most of the people by representation or representaworld-wide fellowship of the are rubber gatherers, and live Christian churches in affiliation under very unfavorable condi- tive of the far off God? Is no with the World's Sunday School tions. At one place, a man ex- other mediator necessary? No Association." pressed delight at the opportu- intercession by saint or virgin, nity to own a Bible, of which he apostle or martyr? How simply It appears that Cuba has do~e had heard but had never seen. he prays! It is just like talking more in the way of leadershIp "Read more," he pleaded, when training than most of the other the colporteur read to the end to a father! But does he think Latin American countries. There of a chapter. He paid for his that God will really hear him? is evidence of a broader and Bible with seven bunches of ba- Doesn't he need a priest? Why, deeper understanding of essen- nanas. An elderly blind widow tial Christianity and its rele- exchanged some corn for a Tes- he prays to God as though he vance to individual life. How- tament. knew Him, as though he ~ould ever, it must be noted that there see Him! Then they begm to is not the same sense of respon- In the course of this interestsibility for the maintenance an~ ing journey a great variety ?f listen to what the evangelist is extension of the Church. POSSI- commodities were received m saying; that they might know bly its nearness to the United exchange for the Scriptures. States, and the facilities there Here are some that helped to that they have access to the Fafor the support of pastors may make the launch resemble a partially explain this fact. traveling general store: 119 ther through Jesus Christ, II!ight fowls, 12 ducks, 8 parrots, 193 know their sins are forgIVen. -WSSA News. eggs., a large supply of bananas Usually, the family will start and maize, coconuts, rice, fish, daily family worship, and t~e On Mule Back in Honduras evangelist is content to leave It at that, with the suggestion that they invite their friends. Thus a congregation is formed.

-The Neglected Continent.

Miss Mabel Rowell gained a salt, vegetables and two canoe Growth by Persecution new understanding of the need paddles. in Honduras when she made a It is almost fifteen years since, two weeks' evangelistic t rip 'The s a I e s of the journey in answer to an urgent telegram, across the country on muleback. amounted to 1,897 volumes, in- missionaries of the Evangelical She writes in the Evangelical cluding 154 Bibles and 374 Tes- Union of South America entered Christian: taments. the little town of Catole de Rocha in Brazil. The story from There are no hotels in the villages Evangelism in Peru there is one of continuous persewhere we stopped, but every house cution; the greater the persecuhas a lean-to roof in front to shelter One of the most interesting tion the greater the progress; the calves, pigs, etc., during the nigh~, points in Peruvian evangelism and they will always allow travelers is its tendency to hinge around and the greater the progress the the privilege of slinging their hammocks there and usually the privilege households rather than individ- greater the persecution. This uals. Quite spontaneously, and of using their open fire in the kitchen. without comparing notes until area is a small outlaw kingdom, At one place we stayed I was awak- with two rival clans; and the ened several times in the night by a afterwards, national workers in word of the dominating clan is little fat pig who thought it would be nice to rub his back under my ham- different parts of the Republic law. While one clan reigns, the mock and incidentally on me. This other suffers, waiting opportutrip has taught me that there is no have been led to use the family nity to take revenge. Finding as the basis of their approach to such thing as private life in Honduras, the community. An evangelist favor in the eyes of the then at least in mountain sections. But may visit every family in a vil- dominating chief, the missionarthere are always compensations and lage before he finds the family ies, during their first visit. to instead of giving blessing to those dear believers I think I received. The he is looking for; perhaps visit the district were 0 accompamed

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

upon practically all of their ence have stated that there is no by the Committee, they are re- evangelistic excursions by a ser- real difference between them. turned to the Shipping Room of geant and two soldiers of the The Godless are those who lead the Committee on World Friend- State Police. Under this favor- the struggle against religion ac- ship among Children, at 207 ing wind, three churches were cording to the teachings of Karl East 19th Street, New York, erected by 1932. One was de- Marx, Engels, Lenin and Stalin. from which they are forwarded stroyed by enemies, but in 1938 These are not only Godless but directly to Spain. It is expected a fourth was built, and now a also Communists. Atheists are that the supply will be exhaust- national pastor is available to those who have separated them- ed before December 31st. take the oversight of the s e selves from religion, who belong churches. The work was pros- to socialist political groups but Methodists Keep Out of pering, new preaching points who have not yet accepted Com- Trouble with Nazis were established, and in his de- munism. Bishop John L. Nuelson, of sire to see further progress the -World Dominion Press. Zurich, Switzerland, rep 0 r t s young pastor invited another na- that the Methodist Episcopal tional pastor to hold a series of A Queen's Message to Youth Church organization in Germany meetings. This released a flood of bitter persecution which cul- Queen Wilhelmina, of Holland, and Austria have been cut loose minated in the pastor's forced recently celebrated her 58th from international ties and thus departure from the town to save birthday and the 40th year of have kept out of trouble with the his life. The encouraging fact is her reign. From the beginning Nazi Government. Catholic and that five or six people have been she realized that d i v i n e re- Lutheran Churches are state- sources would enable her to rule sponsored churches, their minisconverted. in peace and justice. In a broad- -The Neglected Continent. cast to her people, the Queen ters on the state payroll, so that Nazis look upon them as state urged youth to undertake great employees, and their utterances EUROPE responsibility with character, are judged as loyal or disloyal.

Freethinkers' Congress devotion, understanding and fi- On the other hand, Methodists a Failure delity. Her words have deep sig- support their own churches and nificance for the youth of today, preachers, as in America. There- The International Congress of not because of royal privilege fore, they have a degree of free- Freethinkers held in London in but because of a warm and hum- dom in speech and organization. September was considered a fail- ble faith which this great wom- -New York Times.

ure by the Russians. Their dele- an has in God. She said: Niemoller Can't Be Seen gation did not attend, but were Even at the time of my accession, I represented by an observer who was conscious of the insufficiency of Dr. Adolph Keller, of Geneva, read the speeches of absent lead- human knowledge and ability, and ers. The delicate international firmly believed that only the aid of was in Berlin some weeks ago, and asked the authorities, with- God could provide our wants. I now situation was one of the reasons look back on these forty years in the out much hope of s u c c e s s, advanced to dissuade them from light of the Lord's guidance and am whether he might see Martin attending. Information was also filled with gratitud'e. -Watchman-Examiner. Niemoller. Dr. Keller relates his conveyed from high and friendly experience: quarters, that their plan of in- Friendship for Spain To my surprise I received no resisting upon the communistic fusal. But the secret police which had and militant Godless character American children in Sunday re-arrested Niemoller knew better and of the Congress, might lead to schools and other groups are answered: "Niemoller can't be seen Government intervention and sending goodwill suitcases filled now or later."

Niemoller is to be silenced. This the suppression of the gathering with toys, clothing, soap and courageous voice is no longer to be heard. He would be free if he would as threatened public order. It is other articles to refugee Spanish reported that Russian Godless children as an expression of sell his liberty and promise to remain leaders will create an interna- sympathy. The suitcases are silent. There is a time for saying no and a time for saying yes. Niemoller tional commission to organize distributed in both Loyalist and would not be famous, if he would not future international congresses, Nationalist Spain by the Amer- be a symbol for a new type of Chris- tianity: a Elymbol for a militant under the expert guidance of ican Friends Service Committee. church, for a suffering church, for a Yaroslavsky, the i r president. The project is one which reli- church of witness who says again like The U. S. A. is suggested as the gious educators and many other Luther: Here I stand, I can't do otherwise. We speak sometimes of the meeting place of the next Con- leaders in children's work have unknown soldier. Niemoller is a solgress in 1939. found of great value in cultivat- dier of Christ known the world over, ing a spirit of international and it is a matter of Protestant Following the London Con- goodwill among children. solidarity not to forget him. gress, discussion has been stim- -Pageant.

ulated in several countries as to The suitcases can be secured the difference-if any-between from the Committee on World the terms "Godless" and "Athe- Friendship among Children at Confessional Church Leaders ist." Leaders in Moscow who $1.00 each. When filled in ac- Thus far, 77 pastors and were asked to define the differ- cordance with instructions given church officials of the German

Confessional Church have been afford meat, butter or fruit, and foreign influence, and all probsuspended from office by Nazi tea is used only as medicine. A lems based on proven facts. authority. There are 49 pastors pound of sugar costs half a day's Such a movement cannot fail to who have been forbidden by the wage. "We have nothing but revolutionize Ban t u political, hope," says Mr. Kremenlieff, agricultural, economic, social, state to enter the parishes to "but hope is strong. We be- religious and cultural organizawhich the church has assigned them. But most crippling of all lieve Bulgaria needs the Prot- tions. are the national speech prohibi- estant Christian message." He -Indian Social Reformer. tions, Redeverbote. Recent in- believes that the friendship of formation states that 41 leaders Christian democracies means Youth Oonference at Efulan much to the small nations of toof the Confessional Church are The West Africa Mission at now forbidden to preach in pub- day, and particularly to those Efulan has had its first Youth lic. Church leaders anticipate a Conference. For weeks in adbitter struggle this winter over who are making a profound vance preparations had been gothe control of church finances. ing on. The office boys mimeo- Of the 26 church districts in struggle to keep alive faith and graphed illustrated invitations Germany, 22' already have state- in red and black type. Regisappointed finance commissioners. hope. -Advance. The majority of these commis- tration tags had been cut out by sioners are men openly hostile to AFRIOA the school girls, and 300 proorganized Christianity. grams mimeographed and bound Revision of the Koran in yellow covers. A huge gaso- -Pageant. line drum of peanuts had been A professor in Al Azhar Uni- versity, Cairo, threw a bomb- shell into Mohammedan circles by demanding the revision of the shelled, roasted and ground by Visitor f'rom Bulgaria Holy Koran-to bring it in line the younger dormitory girls.

Rev. A. F. Kremenlieff is in with the times. He declared The 300 programs proved inadethe United States as a represent- that the punishments required quate. Of the registered deleative of the Union of Congre- by the Koran should be revised, gates, 125 paid six cents for gational Churches in Bulgaria, their food, and slept in the dorto plead the cause of forty Con- and cited two verses as ex- mitories. gregational churches in that amples: thieves, both men and country which were started by women, must have their hands One of the most attractive fea- American missionaries about cut off, according to the Koran; tures was the music, composed seventy years ago. and in a case of adultery, both for the occasion. One of the guilty parties are to receive 100 French teachers, a pastor's son, The first American mission- lashes. These punishments, the wrote out native tunes, and the aries went to Bulgaria over 100 missionaries wrote words that years ago on their way to Tur- Sheikh avers, are out of con- expressed the Conference theme key, seeking a field there, but formity with modern civilization. -"Christ liveth in me." finding unexpectedly a receptive His pronouncement caused such a flurry that a deputation of pro- -Presbyterian Board News. fessors and Mohammedan clergy people in Bulgaria, remained to urged an investigation to deter- Evangelical Work in Angola teach and preach the Gospel. mine whether such punishments Thirty missionaries of the Amer- are really being carried out in The President of Portugal reican Board have been in Bul- the Mohammedan world today. cently visited Angola, and mani- -Religious News Service. fested his good will toward garia, and when the last was evangelical work' in various withdrawn three years ago, be- ways. It is expected that the cause the American Board could Emancipation of the Blacks Colonial Minister will make a no longer be financially responsible for the work, practically The All-Africa Convention in- longer stay, and thus have opall Bulgarians. could read, cludes representatives of the portunity to see at first hand the largely as a result of the mis- natives of all Africa. This As- value of this work. Among the sion's educational program. sembly has just organized a re- visitors at the biennial meeting of the Evangelical Alliance was Mr. Kremenlieff says that Bul- search department to deal with the Portuguese Inspector of garia is the only tolerant coun- all questions concerning in- Schools, who was there to extry in the Balkans, and the only digenous races in Africa, which plain Portuguese ideals of edu- promises to raise the standard country where there are seven cation; and still another encourschools of American origin. The and insure the efficiency of Af- aging fact is that a colonial people are peasants, obliged to rican leadership. The movement paper, normally favorable to live very simply. The church has been launched by Africans which Mr. Kremenlieff serves as of academic attainment, who Catholic missions only, has reminister is in a town of 7,000 hope to establish study groups cently called attention to the valinhabitants, where there is not along the line of cultural, reli- uable work of Protestant misa single motor car, no piano– gious. and social justice activi- sionary societies.

only two bicycles, and two pri- ties; fundamental causes of so- Recently the Portuguese vate telephones. Very few can cial degeneration, the extent of League of Evangelical and Mis-

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

sionary Action sent out the first Christ was the Messiah. He gave Progressive Iran !?ortuguese missionary to the his heart in faith to the Master Island of Sao Tome, where he is and announced his decision to The Shah is furthering a the only evangelical worker. At the congregation of which he movement to end illiteracy by first he encountered considerable had charge in one of the cities means of night schools for official opposition, but in re- of Palestine. At first they adults, and all illiterate adults sponse to a representation made thought he was mad, but were are required to attend. The b:y the League in Lisbon, permis- soon convinced that he was in municipalities which issue per- SIOn to preach has been granted his right mind and most sincere mits to various kinds of workers and as many as, 500 people have in what he said. He had to leave will refuse to do so, unless these attended the services. his position, of course, and was workers attend classes in the for some time in Beirut, but has various cities. Another sign of -World Dominion Pr~ss. now returned to the Holy Land. progress is seen in the new Girls' Handicraft School, where home- EASTERN ASIA -The Presbyterian. less girls in normal health, be- tween the ages of 12 and 18 are Near East Christian Council Refugees Too Long given free home care, with a three-year course of training in The Near East Christian "We have been refugees too domestic science, handicraft and long," an Armenian exclaimed child care. Council is the only cooperative bi~terly. But years of disap- pomtment and the unwillingness The Christian Church in Iran group in Bible lands, and is a of nations to admit them to citi- is the outgrowth of the work of zenship or even as temporary the Presbyterian Mission in the clearing house for information residents to give them a chance north, and the Church Mission- to make good, have still failed to ary Society in the south. The o~ work for Moslems and Jews. dull the aspirations of many that Church of both these missions they may yet be a nation, able to has a membership of more than FIve new organizations. were work, live and hope once more. 3,000. About 1,000 of these are ~h.e 10!1g drawn out misery of converted Moslems, more than ' received into membership in the hvmg m wretched shacks, ruin- 200 are converts from JUdaism, ing alike to their health and a few were formerly Zoroas- 90u~cil at its last meeting, mak- character, is in Syria gradually trians, and numbers are Arme- drawing to a close. In Aleppo nians and Assyrians. mg m all some forty missions there are less than 30 families now in the camps, but in Beirut -World Dominion Press. and Christian organizations in and Alexandretta there are still 2,000 or more carrying on a pre- INDIA AND BURMA full membership. The areas carious existence in the same tumbledown and leaky shelters, Are Hindus Losing Ground? represented on the Council are on the outskirts, of the city, as 16 years ago. A Hindu writer of Bombay North Africa, Egypt, Sudan says in an article in The Mah- It is amazing that they some- ratta: "The following figures Abyssinia, Syria and Palestine; how manage to retain a sem- indicate that the Hindus as a blance of decent home life, and community are deteriorating in Turkey, the Balkans, Arabia and spotless cleanliness. A few numbers. Between 1891 and straggling plants. in an old tin 1931, the total population of In- Mesopotamia, and Iran. The can are almost always to be seen, dia increased by 22 per cent in and not far off will be found a 40 years. But the percentage of Council cooperates with Sunday wooden shed (larger and more increase of Hindus was 15 per likely to be at least partially cent ~nd hence ~hey lost 7 per Schools and Bible Societies. watertight) which acts both as cent m populatIon; while the church and schoo1. Moslems increased by 35 per One of the converts, a former cent, and hence they gained 13 The Nansen Office for Refugee per cent. As against the gen- Jewish rabbi of Poland, was rid- Work closed at the end of 1938, eral average of increase the and although strong pressure Hindu numerical strength is i~g on a train one day in Pales- has been brought to bear on lower by 7 per cent; while all League officials in Geneva re- other communities have intme when he saw a man reading garding the need to replace it creased: Moslems by 35 per by a Refugees' Commission, to cent, Christians by 145 Sikhs a small book, and asked what it look after the interest and legal 127, Buddhists 79. The com- protection of the refugees, noth- parison of population between was. r"eTphlieedN. ewThTeesrtaabmbei n~ts"ktehde ing can yet be said as to the ac- 1891 and 1931 definitely shows man tual result. that Hindus alone are losing their numerical ground. "Why do you read a book of –.,-Evangelical Christian.

fables like that?" "Since you offer such a criticism," said the man, "I suppose you are very familiar with the New Testa- ment." The rabbi had to admit that he had never read it. Then the passenger went on: "Being a scholar, I am sure you will agree that it is not proper to speak good or evil of a book until one has read it. If you hwa~ine promise to read it, you may this Testament." The rabbi promised and took the Book. He began to read and was struck with the quotations in the Gos- pel of Matthew from the Old Testament, and the claim that they were fulfilled in Christ. He had not finished the first Gospel until he was convinced that

To Whom Shall They Go? Christian-Grace. A loving South India – the Scotch Pres- . It is. impressiv~ that so many suffering God rewards you; byterian, Lutheran, Methodist, m IndIa are lookmg wistfully to Jesus, and wondering if He is faith with the gift of righteous- Syrian Protestants and Anglican the friend they need. They have -makes some observations on ness. Continue ye in it. denominationalism. His experiseen the miracle of the loaves ences, he says, made him underand fishes reenacted in times of In the Etawah district Chris- stand the difference between the famine and scarcity in the his- East and the West in this retory of Christian Missions; they tians continually suffer for their spect. In the West, denominahave come within range of the tionalism is a history of mis- Church's ministry in medicine faith. "Take these 500 rupees understandings and quarrels; in and education; hope has been and forsake your Christian reli- the East, it is a history of enrevived by the scheme of rural richment because there has been reconstruction, and they have gion-or if you don't I shall soon so much cooperation. "This good point comes from the Lutherheard of "the Bread of Life that dispossess you of your alapnod~"r ans," or "that good thing comes cometh down from heaven" and said a Hindu landlord to from the Methodists." Someare not turning away. ' This village Christian. "I don't want times when one mission fails trend is as marked among through lack of support in the aboriginal peoples as among the 500 rupees. I wreapnlty-Cahstrios~ti"shi­s Depressed Classes. the astonishing home field, another mission steps in and takes hold. Here and In the hills of Assam a Chris- ing because that amount of there one finds one member of a tian leader, speaking for himself family an Anglican, another a money represents at least three years' income for him. That was several months ago. The landlord has already partially made good his threat by craftily and unlawfully taking part of his land.

and his clan, made this observa- Village Improvement through Methodist; upon asking why, t~on: ~'The future of our people the Church one finds it is because one brother moved from an Anglican lIes wIth Jesus Christ: only as we are loyal to Him, can we As a project of the "Rural neighborhood into a Methodist prosper as a people." From un- Reconstruction through a Liv- one, so that often one's denomlettered villagers in the Bhil ing Church," a clean-up village ination is determined by geogcountry comes a similar state- contest was undertaken. Rev. raphy, rather than dogma – a ment: "For us, Jesus Christ is J. C. Heinrich writes in Agri- by-product of the "comity of the true Guru: He alone can cultural Mission Notes: "We missions." save us." finished our Clean Village Chal- -The Mission Field.

What Is Religion? lenge Cup Contest on April v1i6l~ Christian President of a with an inspection of seven Rev. M. S. Pinkerton, of lages that made up the finals out Municipality Etawah, North India, writes of of one hundred villages that conan unusual meeting in the city tested. We had to cover 150 When the municipality of bazaar. A crowd composed of miles of village roads in one day, adherents of different religions and anyone who knows Indian Manmad first exercised its right had assembled to hear addresses village roads will tell you that under the new constitution to on "What Is Religion?" Four that is some covering. Martin- elect its own president, it unanireligions were represented by pur took first place." Mr. Hein- mously chose Mr. C. G. Chhatre, spokesmen: Jain, Sikh Hindu a former headmaster of one of an.d Christian. One could hardly rich and all the judges had a the Zenana Bible and Medical thmk of a broader subject, and meal with the Mohammedan dis- Mission's schools, who is wellto condense it into a half hour trict magistrate who is an old was not easy. student of Forman Christian known for his fine Christian College and has been a strong character. That the first free The Hindi term dhurm is in- backer of this clean village choice should fall upon a Christ~rpreted as either religion or effort. tian, is a matter for deep satisrIghteousness. Mr. Pinkerton faction. was the first speaker on the This R u r a 1 Reconstruction Christian dhurm. He tells us movement, which has a yearly Mr. Chhatre came as a master that a "thumb-nail" summary of grant from the government, has all the talks would be: to the Mission's Paton Memorial great possibilities. As a result Sikh-Be strong; follow your of fertilization and irrigation the School when only nineteen. As Teacher. wheat crop has more than doubled, a third factor in this the years passed, his aim became Jain – Knowledge of self. improvement being the use of Know thyself to be God, all selected seed from government increasingly the glory woof nGhoid~ powerful and righteous within experiment farms. and his life and witness the reputation of being incor- ruptible in all public affairs, and satisfied with none but the very best workmanship in all he thyself. Don't beg from God. undertook. His wife was head- Hindu-Works. Do righteous- The "Comity of Missions" mistress of the Hindu Girls' Mis- sion School for many years, and ness according to the rules of Mr. A. L. Jackson, after vis- won the trust of all around her. iting a number of missions in At a mass meeting held in his your caste or sect.

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

honor after the election, Brah- children be given the opportu- the importance of this work in a mins, Hindus, Mohammedans, statement he made in 1926: Mahars and Christians all took nity to become useful members part. Speaking of Mr. Chhatre's "The conclusion was driven in character, one Hindu said it is of society. It is therefore pro- upon us that the Indian villager what it is because he follows the posed that these destitute chil- is not helped unless he is helped teachings of the Bible. dren be removed to some healthy simultaneously in every phase of spot outside the city, and be di- his life, and in regard to every -The Indian Witness. Vided according to their inclina- relationship he bears to others. tions and possibilities. Those The service must be comprehen- Among the Bhils who are capable of taking an sive to get anywhere, and it must education will be put in one in- be simultaneously comprehen- Rev. J. C. Koenig writes in the stitution, where special attention sive. In other words, what is Outlook of Missions of a visit will be paid to their mental de- wanted is not reform but reconmade to Ratlam, a station in velopment. Those who have an struction, from the center out Central India (where 20,000 aptitude to learn some industry and all around." were received into the Church will be put into an Industrial within the past twelve months) School. Those suffering from CHINA to work in collaboration with the mental deformity will be put in missionary there on the manu- another institution. About 100 Can Communists Be Christian? script of a union hymnal. In the acres of land would be required course of a fifty-mile drive to carry out this plan. Rev. Donald D. Rees, of Hanthrough the district, groups of kow, has been talking with a smiling Christians were met in -Baptist Missionary Re- missionary doctor, who thought nearly every village. In some view (India). it would be well to create a betvillages all inhabitants had ac- ter understanding between the cepted Christ, in others half of Rural Reconstruction in "Eighth Route Army" and the population, seldom less. Burma Christians. To this end he has There are nearly 400 villages been traveling through Shansi. with Christians in that area. Mr. Brayton C. Case, of He everywhere met a friendly Burma, reports a Rural Recon- response. Some of the listeners These new converts are Bhils; struction Rally in connection came afterward and said that their former religion, animism. with the meeting of the Burma they, too, were Christians. He Gone now is their fear of evil Christian Council. A resolution also met a number of the highest spirits; they believe that Christ was passed recommending that authorities among the Comis present to protect them in all mission stations have Rural Re- munists, and they all told him situations. Whereas drunken- construction committees to help they had nothing but friendly ness had been all too common, village churches carryon this feelings for missionaries. It the liquor vendors are now put form of activity along the lines seemed advisable to have this in to it to make a living. Officials of improved economic life, health writing, so when he met General testify that they have ceased to and recreation. Recreation is Chu Teh, in supreme command be a police problem. thought of in terms of its wider of the Red Army, he asked him significance as including inner for a message he could carry When the first Bhil inquirers spiritual renewal as well as so- back to other parts of China. presented themselves to the mis- cial stimulus. It is urged that Here is an English translation sionary he doubted their sin- these activities become a part of of the document: cerity, so to test them he empha- the normal expression of the sized that every true Christian Christian spirit in v i II age The Eighth Route Army expresses desires that others may be saved. churches. The Burma Christian its thanks and gratitude for the kind- "Teach your neighbors and bring Council committee will work out ness and help rendered to China by them to me," he said, "then I wggested activities for village the foreign missionaries during her shall baptize you." After some Christians, and the Judson Col- war of resistance, especially to those ti~e one inquirer came bringing lege group is asked to make up doctors and nurses who work under half a village with him, all of some traveling exhibits which great difficulties and dangers. Their them asking for baptism. This may be used along visual educa- work in China not only means a great test is still applied to every in- tion lines at suitable public oc- deal to the Chinese army, but also quirer. casions. renders tremendous service to Chinese refugees and people. I hope that our Beggar Children's Village Another resolution called the international friends will continue to attention of Mission Boards to support China's war against aggres- A children's village in the the desirability of recruiting sion, and that those doctors and nurses suburbs of Bombay, where desti- rural station missionaries from in the war zone will remain there to tute children can be housed and those who have had agricultural work. Furthermore, we welcome our trained, is contemplated by the college training. foreign friends to extend further their government of Bombay. There service in aiding China by taking care are nearly 10,000 homeless, beg- The late K. T. Paul, Rural of the sick and wounded in the war gar children in Bombay, and it Secretary of the National Coun- zone. The Eighth Route Army has no is felt to be essential that these cil of the Y. M. C. A., India, prejudice against missionaries. On Burma and Ceylon, recognized the contrary, we welcome them. For our war of resistance not only fights for the independence and freedom of

the Chinese nation, but also for the About 80 were present in the about 50,000 of them, who have maintenance of world peace. In this respect our goal is just the same. morning and 70 in the afternoon. been set adrift by the tides of There was preaching, singing war. Of this number, about (Signed) CHU TEH. 40,000 are now being cared for and testimonies, including Mr. by various philanthropic socie- -The Living Church. Tung's. DR. H. E. HENKE.

Refugees Want Bibles "The Three Musketeers" ties, while the other 10,000 roam the streets. Bishop Roberts, of Refugees who, in the stress of This is the name given admir- the Episcopal Church, received getting away, left their Bibles ingly to three Murdoch sisters, a letter from the Chinese pastor behind are buying new ones, say- Presbyterian missionaries in of St. Peter's Church in Shanging they cannot get along with- Hwaiyuan, China: Doctor Ag- hai in which he said: out their Bibles. Copies are be- nes, Nurse Margaret and Teaching made available not only for er-Evangelist Mary. The war A Refugee Children's Educational retreating Chinese, but also for caught them en route to China Committee has been organized to prothe invaders. The famous "Dare after furlough, and they were vide some schooling for these unforto Die" battalion in the final stopped in Shanghai, unable to tunate children. About twenty thousiege of Shanghai were all pro- get permission to go into the in- sand are receiving the benefit of two vided with pocket Testaments. terior. While marooned there, hours' schooling a day. The Govern- It will be recalled that restric- they took charge of a hospital ment has subsidized the ChildWelfare tions placed on the teaching of for Chinese war victims which Association with a certain sum of the Bible in mission schools has had been set up in the second money to care for the orphans only. been repealed. story of the old Chinese Cham- It is hoped that after the war the ber of Commerce building. Dr. Government will be able to provide – Watchman-Examiner. Agnes and Nurse Margaret fol- accommodations for all the orphans in lowed their usual professions, the country. The Government has Result of a Cure and Teacher-Evangelist Mary been collecting orphans in various places and has sent them to the in- A merchant of Shunteh, North terior to be taken care of. It is alleged that the Japanese are also collecting stray children in the occupied zones and have shipped thousands to Japan China, Mr. Tung Ming Shao, was kept the books. In tIme the pup- for some unknown purpose. One re- port is that they are to be imbued successfully operated on for pet Chinese government of the with Japanese ideas. amoebic abscess of the liver at district, moving its offices into the Hugh O'Neill Memorial Hos- the first floor of the building, As to war widows,-the Shanghai International Red Cross gave me a pital. Some weeks later he threatened to seize the upper figure of no less than 10,952 as asked the church people to come floors. "They won't do that "women without relatives and supto his home to hold meetings, easily," laughed one missionary port" from their camps. How many are outside the camps, they cannot and those who went were given informant, "for the Murdoch sis- tell.

a handbill which Mr. Tung had ters in themselves are equal to had printed for distribution. half a dozen puppet govern- Evangelists for Manchuria ments !" The following is a free transla- Finally, came permission to go Several missions are repre- . tion: sented in the student body of the Greetings; I used to get a disease into the interior, and they Newchwang Bible School in of big abdomen. Many doctors do not started immediately. Reaching Nanking they were given the Manchuria. The latest annual know what the disease was. And also report indicates that on the fac- choice of proceeding on a they haven't any way to cure it. Then crowded military train or wait- ulty and Board of the school are ing for the regular train. They representatives of the British I went to the Gospel Hospital of west decided on the military train as and Foreign Bible Society, the surer way of arriving. The of the south suburb, Shuntehfu City. next stage was Pengpu, where American Southern Baptists, Rpformed Presbyterians and On one side their doctors did their best they stayed overnight in a con- vent; and the last lap was on a others. Twenty-one student"! to me and on the other hand, I flatboat loaded with wine casks graduated last June, and all of and piled with rifles and machine them have found work wfth prayed very eagerly to Jesus Christ. guns. Hwaiyuan reached at last, churches, schools or hospitals no one met them; no one had I only stayed there one month and my dreamed they could get through in Manchuria. Visitors to the so soon. Heads lifted as they School are impressed with the heavy disease had been cured. This earnestness of the stu den t s, came along the street – war- the consecration of the teachers, is really wonderful. And I deeply strained faces broke into smiles the administration and the of recognition. strategic location in the heart of feel that Jesus cured me by their doc- -Monday Morning. the city, where students have tor's hands. They favored me so abundant opportunity to preach the Gospel. -The Christian. much that I should like to make it known to others. Therefore, on the 11th of the 5th moon from 10 to 12 in the morning and 3 to 5 in the after- noon at #64 of Indigo Market Street, I will invite the members of the Pres- byterian Mission to come to preach the Gospel, and I will also express out my former disease to you in detail. We will be very welcome if you have time to come. I am, (signed) Tung Ming Shao. .

When the day came for the "Wolf" Children Tibet's "Gospel Inn" service, benches were borrowed from neighbors, tea and water- The "wolf" children of Shang- The Gospel Inn, which came melon seeds were prepared. hai are homeless, hungry waifs, into being through the gift of a

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

Moravian convert, is now an ac- sions, who has recently returned survival from slave days, and complished fact. The wayfarer from Japan reports 2,000,000 they are so despised that even may feed and stable his horse, Japanese under arms. News and children will have nothing to do and find for himself a shelter speech are rigidly censored; with them. When boys and girls and a resting-place, and the even to utter the word "individ- from this class were invited to a needful things. wherewith to cook ualism" may endanger one's lib- special Sunday school program his food. An evangelist goes in erty; all the Church is feeling in Kyoto, the regular pupils met and out, engaging the travelers the pressure of Government reg- them with a shower of stones.

in conversation, and by word ulation. Obviously, it is not easy "What about being kind?" the and example setting forth the for a small group of Protestant claims of Jesus Christ. So prac- teachers asked. "That will do tical and picturesque a way of Christians (204,000 out of for other folks," said the chilspreading the Gospel appeals to 67,000,000) to carryon their dren, "but we won't stay if they the pilgrim, the trader, and the program, yet the wonderful come to our program." Finally, thing is that the work is going a compromise was worked out; wayfarer alike, and each goes on on, and with added emphasis. the visitors stayed in one group his way refreshed and rested. Except in the necessity for far from the platform and the He carries in his mind a mem- cautiousness of statement, there ordinary pupils near the stage. ory of Christian charity: the has been no need for curtailment As the program progressed, Name of Jesus has sounded in of the religious program of any everyone became so interested his ears. -Life of Faith. school. No school reports inter- that segregation was forgotten.

JAPAN-CHOSEN nal difficulty and several are con- By the time the illustrated talk scious of an increased sense of on the childhood of Jesus came Government Seeks Hold intimacy and Christian fellow- on, all the children crowded on Churches ship between the missionary and around the teacher, with all so- Japanese members of their fac- cial lines wiped out.

Whereas the Japanese govern- ulties. The Oral School for the -Monday Morning. ment now deals with Christian Deaf in Tokyo made application churches as individual congre- to the gqvernment for incorpora- Their Happiest Class gations, it seems likely that in tion in January, but its applicathe future they will be dealt "With tion was denied because the A young missionary teaching according to their denomina- school's charter contained the English in the Girls' School in tional grouping, if the final draft words, "based on Christian prin- Tokyo gave a written assignment of the new regulatory law for ciples." The Mission voted to on "Why I Am Glad I Came to supervision of religious bodies forego the privileges of incor- Joshi Gakuin." She was not exaccepts the opinion current poration rather than remove the pecting the comment made by among members of the Educa- offending, but very fundamental every girl in the class. Some tion Ministry committee now clause. liked the good looking uniform studying the law. It is expected of the School; others were inthat each group would be re- In evangelism the watchword terested in the frequent visits of quired to select a representative has been "forward"; in fact, the foreign guests and still others who would be responsible to the Japanese Church recognizes the were pleased with the friendly government for keeping order in work of the missionaries as so spirit of the School, in contrast his group, and for seeing that important that it is asking that with government schools; yet his group obeys government reg- more workers be sent out. In everyone of the girls mentioned ulations and who would act as a response to this request, the her joy in attending the daily liaison between the government mission has sent the following chapel service. and the group. A reporter of appeal to the Board in New The Japan Advertiser was told York: -Monday Morning. by a representative of the Education Min i s try that these The Mission wishes to put itself on Records Broken in Chosen changes are being recommended record with all possible emphasis that in order to secure a closer con- these requests of the Japanese Church All Bible Institutes and Connection between the government cannot be treated lightly and should ferences in Korea have had recand the Christian churches, and be filled at the earliest possible mo- ord-breaking attendance during to make it possible for the gov- ment. Such opportunities do not wait! the year. Not only that- stuernment to make effective use of The fact that Japan is now involved dents have manifestly experithe Christian church groups in in a great emergency simply heightens enced spiritual uplift. Growth educating the people in the na- the urgency of these requests. With- in local societies and increased tional spirit of Japan. out possible doubt Japan is the dom- efficiency on the part of leaders inant nation of the Far East, so that are most gratifying. A new Working Under Difficulty as goes Japan, so goes the Orient. phase of this Institute work has This may truly be the last opportunity been in the line or correspond- Dr. Willis Lamott, new Direc- within this generation, at least, to en- ence. There have been sent ter what is still an open door. through the mail 369 Japanese, "Water-Level People"

tor of Publicity for the Presby- J apan has a class caned 127 Korean and 3 Chinese copies terian Board of Foreign Mis- "water-level people," probably a of the Gospel of John, with about

a dozen key verses marked in red received as much attention as tirely withdrawn its financial ink and a tract entitled, "Have they should have, and so there is support, but agrees not to paryou heard about Jesus?" now under consideration a ticipate in the management of Philippine Committee of the the Church, or exercise any con- About ten days later, these Foreign Missions Conference of trol over its teaching. were followed up with a tract North America, similar to those and a copy of the pamphlet, on the Far East, India and Af- Native congregations are now "Catechism on the Apostles' rica, through which interest is raising annually $6,000 to carry Creed," which will give them the created in these fields. the Gospel to unreached heathen gist of the essential doctrines of in New Guinea. salvation. At a meeting of the American Council of Missionary Boards -Moody Monthly. The rolls of the 84 churches Related to the Philippines last were gone over, and a handwrit- March, it was recommended that New Guinea Wilds ten invitation sent to every this Council become the Philipyoung baptized man on the roll, pine Committee of the Foreign Wild tribes in the center of urging those who had never Missions Conference; that its New Guinea's mandated terristudied in the Bible Institute to functions be mainly consultative tory, visited for the first time in do so and those who had already and advisory, and that it con- 1933, are no longer isolated. entered to come and continue stantly study policies and pro- Permanent government and mistheir course. There were some- gram for Christian work in the sion outposts have been estabthing over 200 of these letters Islands. It was also recom- lished there. When the discovsent out. One interesting result mended that one of the Secre- ery of about 200,000 people in was that quite a number who taries of the Foreign Missions this interior who had never had become slack in their attend- Conference be assigned for part- heard of Great Britain, the ance began coming to church time work in the Philippines. WorId War or the League of Naagain. tions, it was inconceivable that -Evangelical Bulletin. so huge a population could have Letters of sympathy, encour- remained unheard of 'So long. agement and assurance of inter- Protestants on Moluccas But since their discovery, extenest and prayers have gone out Islands sive developments have taken from the station, as well as the place. Five government outmonthly letters and leadership The Moluccas are the spice posts, manned by European ofmaterial that go to the country islands of the Dutch East Indies. ficers and native police recruited churches. The Protestant religion was in other parts of the territory, brought there in 1615 by the and ten missions are introducing Many Handicaps Dutch East India Company, who government and church in- brought ministers as well as fluence. Numerous m iss ion Rev. Edward Adams, of merchants. For three centuries schools have been founded in Taiku, Korea, in his annual per- Christian work was supervised various parts of the plateau, no sonal report, says the political from the island Amboina, and part of which is less than 5,000 atmosphere is far from con- the Dutch government supported feet above sea level. The climate ducive to Christian teaching, the undertaking, fully aware of is invigorating; hot days, but and adds: "You may read quite the civilizing influence of the nights cold enough to require a bit into that statement without Gospel. In 1935 a new epoch many blankets. The tribes differ danger of exaggeration." Five began, when both Church and in language, type and culture; years ago a week of meetings Government felt strongly that some are war-like. would bring from 100 to 200 de- the Church of the Spice Islands cisions; today, the number sel- should learn to stand on its own A recent visitor describes dom goes over 50. Wild rumors feet. A synod was called, and some of the types. Quills, shells, are afloat as to what will happen after a constitution for the new tusks, pieces of tin, even shirt to one who becomes a Christian. Church had been drafted, it re- buttons adorn the holes punc- Permission to hold meetings ceived both ecclesiastical and tured in ears and nose. Huge rests with local officials. Mr. governmental approval. The of- bunches of leaves hung from the Adams is convinced that the best ficial ties were severed and the back provide a cushion to sit on. way to meet the situatiOl; is to independent Moluksche Protes- The skin of the young girls emphasize evangelism. tantsche Kerk came into being, shines with pig grease. Some with a synod and nine mission are painted from head to foot ISLANDS OF THE PACIFIC districts. Some idea as to the with vivid red, except forehead size of this Church may be gath- and nose, which stood out in con- Responsibility for the ered from the fact that there are spicuous black. Philippines 179,458 baptized members, or- ganized into 577 congregations, A system of roads is being de- Americans have very meager and served by 437 nat i v e veloped, and the people are enknowledge of the Filipinos, their preachers. couraged to cultivate gardens. needs and possibilities. As to be Long, spadelike sticks are used expected, the Islands have not The government has not en- for this purpose.

-New York Times.

Missionary

Books Briefly Reviewed for the Readers' Information Central Africa Revisited. By D. M. Although he has spent only Even at these forbidding fron- Miller. Illus. 121 pp. 28. Africa tiers, the gates. open obstinately. Inland Mission. London.. 1938. seven years there, he has been Far back in the nineties of last century, Dr. Susie Carson Rijn- After an absence of some fif- able to delve beneath the surface teen years the author went on a hart, with her husband and intour of more than sixteen thou- and discover the depth of char- fant son,entering through the sand miles in Central Africa. latter gateway, reached the He was able to address over acter, the pathos and the humor twenty thousand people and vis- of the West African in a re- Lhasa district in Inner Tibet, but ited many of the stations and at the cost of the lives of her outposts familiar to him in pio- markable way. His experience two loved ones, and herself to neering days. be uncompromisingly ejected. has been wide, and his under- The great changes he saw in During the same decade, and facilities of travel, governments, standing and sympathy must reactions to the Gospel message, attempting entrance at the same missionary development and or- have made him a valuable mis- general Gateway, two young ganization were thrillingly en- sionary. couraging. The difficult task of men of the Christian and Mismaking a rapid tour of a great Certain chapters of this book sionary Alliance, the vanguard area is reported, and Mr. Miller are of outstanding value and inincludes vivid descriptions of of the Kansu-Tibetan Border country, the inhabitants, mission terest. The one on "West Africa Mission, reached the frontier stations and the hazardous ex- city of Old Taochow. This book citement of African travel. through the Centuries" shows an is the story of that great adven- Heartening accounts· of the immense amount of research ture, a thrilling tale of more spiritual awakening sweeping work, and will be of especial in- than two score years. These inover many parts of Central trepid pioneers, and the forces Africa are followed by the au- terest to anyone who studies histhor's reminder that the work of tory in the light of the happen- that followed, found themselves Protestant Missions in Africa at a natural divide between the must be carried on .against a ings of the present day. plains. and rolling farmlands of four-fold front – the paganism China proper and the forest clad of a passing age; Mohammedan- The author's explanations of ranges, deep ravines and grassism, the restless competitor of Christianity in large parts of native customs and superstitions covered plateaus of outer Tibet. Africa; non-evangelical activity This region during its long hiswhich is spreading with alarm- are accurate and readable and tory has been the meeting place ing rapidity; and modern materialistic civilization. show deep sympathy and love and battle ground of several branches of the human family, L. K. ANDERSON. for the African. and descendants of these still in- habit the area and struggle for Soudan's Second Sunup. By Des- Anyone with a taste for hunt- mond W. Bittinger. 1 map, 8 pages ing will get a real thrill from supremacy. Chief of these are of illustrations. 252 pp. Price, $2. the Chinese from the East, the Elgin Press, Elgin, Ill. 1937. reading the chapter on "Game Tibetans from the West and the One who has lived for many Trails," in which Mr. Bittinger Moslems from the ancient highyears in West Africa finds it re- way of Asia to the North West. freshing to read a book which tells more than one hair-raising Indeed again and again during gives one's own impressions in such a vivid and engaging way. experience. In another chapter, the decades recorded in this story, Moslems have risen in re- Mr. Bittinger is a missionary entitled: "Just what does a mis- bellion; Tibetans have made under the Church of the Breth- sionary do, anyhow?" he gives ren in the interior of the Soudan. border raids and Chinese have the intimate details of the sys- fought their way back to at least nominal control. The record of tem used by his Mission for such sanguinary struggles, plus bringing the Gospel to the peo- the awful scourge of the White Wolf savages and the more re-. ple of their district, and for edu- cent Communist commotions, make these pages a stirring mod- cating the young people.

The book is altogether delight- ful and valuable to study classes, ministers, and others interested in Africa. MARY R. GOOD.

Gateway to Tibet. By Robert B. Ek- vall, B.A., F.R.G.S. 8 vo. 198 pp. Christian Publications, Inc. Har- risburg, Pa.

There are all too few Gate- ways to the almost impenetrable Land of the Lamas – North Eastern India, Western Sze- Chwan, North Western Kansu.

Any of the books noted in these columns will be sent by the REVIEW publishens on receipt of price.

[61 ]

ern history of that far-away he tells a story – and what a Japanese people. These lectures region. story!-which, as D. J. Findley have just been published in this But the author's motive is to says, is "more like a chapter in attractive volume. They are de- record quite another struggle. It a modern Acts of the Apostles" lightful reading, characterized is that of establishing Christ's than a book on missions. to a high degree by ability, wis- rule in those unruly regions. The story is divided into six- dom, breadth of view and fre- Work among the Moslems has teen short chapters which deal quent sparkles of wit. Whoever also been carried on with cour- with the work of a young man wishes to know what is best in age and has in some instances and his wife in the inland city Japan and the Japanese, and we won their admiration and friend- of Joazeiro, Brazil. This city, trust that the number is large, ship. But to change allegiance entirely unevangelized and un- should read this book. It shows from the Prophet of Arabia to friendly to the Evangelical mis- that there are better Japanese the Christ means death. One sionaries, is located in the ma- than those who are now ravag- laria-infested valley of the San ing China. Incidentally, it helps did so. Here is the sequel: "Two months later when one Francisco River. Mr. and Mrs. Americans to see themselves and of the missionaries rode through Duncan did the "impossible," their discrimination against J apthe threatening dangers and all under the guidance and power anese in migrants as a fair- the horrors of a freshly sacked of God's Spirit. They started minded Japanese observer sees city to see if there were any to without one Christian disciple us. ARTHUR J. BROWN.

be saved, the mutilated bodies and after five years they were The Poems and Verse of Betty Scott of Chi-ko-tse and his family lay able to build a church in which Starn. Portrait. 8 Vo. 129 pp.

outside the compound gate." there were hundreds of adher- Kelly & Walsh, Ltd., Shanghai, In happy contrast to this, the ants, with a commodious build- China. 1938.

freedom-loving Chinese, whether ing, and without incurring any The name of Betty Scott Stam in rich farming regions or debt. The first Brazilian pastor is known far and wide as the among the merchants and sol- of this church was won to Christ charming and brave young misdiers of the frontier, have heard under Mr. Duncan's ministry. sionary who, with her husband, the message gladly and in city, There is need for more mis- was killed by Chinese commutown and mud-walled mart sionaries like the Duncans to nists in 1934. The "Miracle groups great and small are form- show that the day of miracles is Baby," Priscilla, was saved and ing into a self-sustaining, self- not past. Evidences of this fact is now a charming little girl, livgoverning and self-propagating that God is working would lead ing with her grandparents, Dr. church of Christ. the church at home to support and Mrs. Charles E. Scott, in The major motive of the mis- missionary work more ade- Shantung, China. sion has been however, "to send quately. A. H. PERPETUO. These poems and blank verse, a missionary to Tibet and keep Lectures on Japan. By Inazo Nitobe. lovingly.gathered and published him there." In this respect too 373 pp. $2.00. University of Chi- cago Press. Chicago. 1938. for wider reading, reveal a rethe great dream has come true. markably beautiful and poetic In these times of universal character. The earliest was Not one but several workers are condemnation of the Japanese, it written when Betty was only is well that this book should re- eight and a half years old and now holding the fort in widely mind us that not all Japanese are the last ones twenty-seven years ruthless militarists. What Dr. later. They cover many subscattered stations. Long jour- Nitobe's attitude would be to- jects-nature, family, college ward his country's present in- life, human love, and Christian neys have been taken, even vasion of China cannot be thought and devotion. They are known, for he died in 1933. But worth reading. The collection reaching to the Goloks of the we do know that he was a man makes an excellent gift book worthy of all honor, a fine schol- and, like the story of "The Trigrass-lands, and there are invi- ar, a true statesman, a Christian umph of John and Betty Stam," gentleman of broad sympathies by Mrs. Howard Taylor, may be tations and earnest intentions to and international reputation. He purchased from the China In- was an active member of the land Mission, Germantown, Pa. visit peoples in the regions yet staff of the League of Nations in Geneva for seven years. He was The Christ. By A. Wendell Ross, far beyond the border mountain president of the Institute of Pa- D.D. Fleming H. Revell Company, cific Relations in 1929-31, and at New York, N. Y. 222 pp. $2.00. ranges. In twelve courageous chapters, The book is written with fine clarity and courage and contains information and inspiration for all who are and should be mis- sionary minded. A good map, some illustrations and a compre- hensive introduction add much to the understanding of the story. J. L. STEWART.

A Missionary Arrives in Brazil. By the time of his death was chair- Dr. Ross, a Kansas pastor, places T. Bentley Duncan. 192 pp. 28. 6d. man of the Japanese Council of the life of Christ before us as it Pickering and Inglis Ltd. London. the Institute. In the last year affects people today. With rare 1938. of his life, on his ninth visit to skill he blends the facts of the In the above volume Mr. Dun- America, he delivered a series of Gospel record with the needs of can does not generalize, or lectures on the social, political modern men. The result is a preach a sermon on missions; and cultural development of the solid study of the Redeemer

OUR MISSIONARY BOOKSHELF

which has the authority of au- love for God, his sacrificial devo- value. It consists of series of thentic history fused with the tion to the masses and the addresses on the Apostle's Creed, force of contemporaneity. strength of his Christian convic- in the chapel of the Lutheran The chapters include "Jesus tions. Theological Seminary at Mt.

and Childhood," "Jesus and In the Italian artist, Leonardo Airy, by the late president of Women," "Jesus and Marriage," the Seminary. It is difficult to "Jesus and Modern Life," and da Vinci, Dr. Eastman sees also "Jesus and Tomorrow." Each the engineer and scientist born say anything new on a subject presents the treasures of Christ's out of wedlock and left in pov- Person and power as they satisfy erty at his father's death. He which has been so often disthe spiritual needs of believing did not have the schooling that people. The exaltation of Jesus cussed; but it is worth while to the Christ, the Son of the living the times offered but learned God, strikes a responsive chord from nature and in the school of have an old subject presented in in the reader's heart. The au- experience. At eighteen he came thor also shows how the evils a fresh and effective manner. and hypocrisies of Christ's day into touch with a famous natuare experimented in our day. ralist and astronomer and Ver- Dr. Jacob's purpose was not Dr. Ross successfully fulfils his rochio, a sculptor. He was aim: "to emphasize that the charged with heresy by the theological but devotional. Of New Testament Gospel will bring salvation, peace and eter- Church, was handicapped by course, he has expressed theonal life to all who believe." lack of funds but finally be- came court painter to Francis 1. logical views and he has occa- R. I. LINDQUIST. His painting of the "Last Sup- sionally raised questions that he Men of Power. Vol. II. By Fred per" nearly perished because he Eastman. 8 vo. 186 pp. $1.50. used oil paint on a clay base over has not adequately answered. Cokesbury Press. Nashville, Tenn. a damp refectory wall. But Leo- 1938. But the book as a whole is wise, nardo da Vinci's work survives. Lessons may be learned from luminous and helpful to a high each of these four famous men. degree, a tonic to faith and an aid to devotion. All who read will henceforth repeat this an- cient creed with a fuller and richer understanding of its meaning. ARTHUR J. BROWN.

The New Testament: a Translation in the Language of the People. By Charles B. Williams. 575 pp. $2.50. Bruce Humphries, Inc. Boston. These skillfully condensed bi- The Church Takes Root In India. By 1938. ographies deal with men famous Basil Mathews. Map. 12 mo. 198 in religion, art, war and litera- pages. $1.00 cloth. 60 cents paper. New Scripture translations by ture. The author is professor of Friendship Press, New York. 1938. Literature and Drama in the individuals are becoming numer- Chicago Theological Seminary The Church in the mission field is the main topic to be con- ous. While they cannot be conand has already published a sim- sidered at the coming Madras ilar volume dealing with Thomas Conference. India is one of the sidered substitutes for the stand- J efferson, Charles Dickens, Mat- most colorful, varied and im- ard versions, they are often help- portant mission fields in the thew Arnold and Louis Pasteur. world. It is the subject for mis- ful for comparative readings. Dr. Eastman draws a realistic sion study this coming year and This translation has been made Mr. Basil Mathews, who has repicture, dwelling on the weak cently visited India, has written by a well-known Baptist scholar this as the senior textbook. He points of his characters as well has a graphic, popular style, is who has made many contribuas revealing their strength and well acquainted with his subject tions to Biblical literature and and knows how to write. He exegesis, and is now Professor achievements. He shows Oliver gives a very "spotty" picture of of Greek and Ethics in Union Cromwell to be a stern, bloody India in brief compass. After de- University, Jackson, Tenn. He scribing village life and the says that "our aim is to make soldier and dictator, as well as a changing times in India, he tells this greatest book in the world religious zealot and self-sacrific- of the progress of Christianity readable and understandable by ing statesman. John Milton he and the building of the Church. the plain people," and that "this pictures not only as a poetic gen- The book has a good map, sta- is not a word-for-word transla- tistical tables, a helpful topical tion; it is rather a translation of ius, but as a political pam- reading list of eighty books and the thoughts of the writers. It phleteer, unloved by his own an index. Here is an excellent iS,the thoughts of our New Tesdaughters and h a v i n g few introduction to a fascinating tament, not its single words that subject. we have tried to translate." friends when he died at sixty Such an objective involves a risk years of age in blindness and that, in attempting to state what poverty. Francis of Assisi is a translator thinks that the in- spired writers intended to conpictured as an unusual man, a vey, he may sometimes be miswandering friar, "God's Troubadour," who exemplified voluntary poverty, humility, love and joy that was in conflict with prevail- The Faith of the Church. By taken, or unconsciously influing desire for wealth, mingled Charles M. Jacobs. 114 pp. $1.00. enced by his own theological pre- with pride, hatred and fear. The United Lutheran Pub. House. suppositions. Most Bible stusources of Francis' power are Philadelphia. 1938. dents are more desirous of know- stated as having been: his moth- We have read this little book ing just what the inspired er, his spiritual experience, his with warm appreciation of its writers actually said than in

knowing what any translator some of the great changes tak- Amos and the Famine of the thinks that they meant to say. ing place and their relation to Word; Hosea on Sin, Judgment, While the colloquial style of pres- Biblical prophecy and the future Love; Nahum on the Vengeance ent-day English lacks the stately of the Jews. The facts he brings of God; Habakkuk on the Probrhythm of the standard versions, out are of tremendous interest lems of Faith. Pastors and we feel sure that many students and importance, and the end is young Bible students will find will be grateful to this devout not yet. Read what he says, these brief, popular studies esscholar who has earnestly sought whether you do or do not agree pecially helpful. with the author in his concluto make the New Testament sions. Look on the Fields. By James more easily and fully understood. Stephen. 192 pp. IlIus. 28. 6d.

A. J. B. Impending Great Events. By John Pickering & Inglis. London. 1938. Ritchie. 12mo. 192 pp. 28. 6d. Prophecy and the Tottering Nations. Pickering and Inglis, Glasgow, 1938. Hoping to deepen interest in By Keith L. Brooks. 12mo. 100 pp. $1.00. Zondervan Publishing House, These addresses on "The Sec- the program of evangelization in Grand Rapids, Mich., 1938. ond Coming of Christ and sub- sequent Events" were delivered every land, the author has col- The editor of "Prophecy in Great Britain and in North Monthly" and author of "The and South America, but there is lected brief surveys of the work Jew and the Passion for Pales- nothing to indicate when. The tine," gives here an interesting author believes that the return in 34 different fields, made by study of Biblical Prophecy and of Christ draws near. Many modern times. This is all we earnest students of prophecy resident workers. The book has know of the author, an English- and of history agree with him man who has revised and en- and the possibility of the ap- value because it appraises the larged his earlier prophetic proach of this great event makes studies on the Last Days and the the study and preparation for it changed conditions in almost Second Coming. They are worthy every part of the world, due to government restrictions and other menacing forces.

Some encouraging features are noted, among them the in- creasing circulation of the Scrip- tures. H. H. F.

of attention, even though we of supreme importance. World Treasure Trails, Vol. II. may not agree with all the au- India. By Ethel E. Ward. Drawthor's interpretations and appli- Mr. Ritchie, whose father was ings. Paper, 50 cents. 125 pp. a well-known evangelist and Woman's M. S., Free Methodist cations. Church, Winona Lake, Indiana. Bible teacher, begins with a Mr. Brooks considers the re- study of "The Ages," and un- Juniors will like these true juvenation of the Roman Em- folds in a popular way the Bible tales of India, written by the pire under Mussolini as signif- teachings on the Second Com- daughter of a missionary-one ing, the Day of the Lord, the who loves the people of her naicant but does not look on II Rapture of Saints, Israel's fu- tive land. The stories describe Duce as the Antichrist. He ture, the "Appearing," the Mil- adventures with monkeys and quotes many political leaders, lennial Age, the "Last Day" and w i I d animals, children and scientists, historians, newspaper Eternity. The subject is too snakes; weddings and widows, much neglected by Christians. Moslems and Hindus. Each writers and Bible students to chapter is supplemented with a support his very positive opin- Why should the Day overtake us series of hints for those who ions. "Babylon," of Revelations, "as a thief" because of this neg- would follow these "treasure lect? Mr. Ritchie is a devout trails." It will be a llseful study Mr. Brooks takes to be the Bible student but he deals very book for Juniors. "Counterfeit Bride of Christ"; little with modern events. An the Red Horse and Potter's Clay index would be useful. he interprets to be Socialism and Bolshevism. In like manner he interprets the references to the Blue Skies. By Louise Harriwn Mc- "Man of Sin," the return of the Voices of the Twelve Hebrew Proph- Graw. 8vo. 262 pp. $1.00. Zon- Jews, the Jewish feasts, Apos- ets. By G. Camphell Morgan. 12mo. dervan Pub. House, Grand Rapids, tasy and the word of Christ to 160 pages. 28. 6d. Pickering and Mich. 1938. the Church of Laodicea. The Inglis, Glasgow, Scotland. This story of Christian work book stimulates us to prayerful The Minor Prophets, as they among Jews in an American city study of the Bible and the signs are generally called because of breathes a Christian spirit and of the times in modern history. the comparative brevity of their reveals a knowledge of Christ messages, are less knOWn! but as the only Saviour of both Jew Seeing Prophecy Fulfilled in Pales- not less important than. Isaiah and Gentile. The author shows tine. By Geo. T. B. Davis. IIlus. and the other "Major Prophets." acquaintance with Jews and 12mo. 127 pp. 18. 6d. net, paper. Dr. Morgan is a prince of ex- their attitude toward Christ and Pickering and Inglis, Glasgow, 1938. positors-always incisive, clear, Christians; also she reveals Mr. Davis, a Bible evangelist spiritual and practical. He deals truly the ignorance, indifference who has widely promoted the with the Bible intelligently, as and antipathy of most nominal "Million Testaments Campaign" the inspired "Word of God" and Christians toward the Jews.

in China, South America and shows the practical value of the Through the story runs a double elsewhere, has recently visited message of each prophet for the romance, with many complica- Palestine. He here describes present day – for example: tions.

Notes New Boole. Union Church in

Sudan (Concluded from second cover.) Christ Among the Telugus. Carol Rai Bahadur N. K. Mukerji, of Graham. 16 pp. 3d. S. P. G. in All Christian communities at Allahabad, was called home as he was F. P. London. Malakal, the headquarters of the taking his place in the Katra Presby- Upper Nile Province and an im- terian Church for the morning serv- Each with His Own Brush. Daniel portant center in the Egyptian ice Sunday, October 30, 1938. Mr. J. Fleming. 86 pp. $1.50. Friend- Sudan, plan to unite to build a Mukerji had been carrying on his pro- ship Press. New York. common house of worship. gram of activities and had attended the General Assembly of the United Good Morning. Louie D. Newton. Although there are representatives Church of North India late in October. 92 pp. 75 cents. Broadman Press. of the Greek and Coptic Orthodox He was the treasurer of the Assembly. Nashville. Churches, the American United Pres- For thirty-four years, N. K. Mukerji byterian Mission at Doleib Hill, the had been secretary of the North India It Will Be Daybreak Soon. Archi- Armenian Church, the Church of Book and Tract Society of Allahabad. bald Rutledge. 129 pp. $1.25. Scotland and the Church of England, He was among the first Christians to Revell. there is no Church in which any of be placed in executive charge of a these communions can worship. In great inter-Church enterprise. "To Lesson Commentary for Sunday addition to these, there are a certain meet him was a tonic, for there was Schools. Edited by Chas. Wiles number of Christian Shilluks, Dinkas, strength in his character." His duties and D. Burt Smith. 320 pp. $1.75. Baris, etc. as Secretary of the "Tract Society" United Lutheran Publication House. were hea:vy but he found time for Philadelphia. As it is impossible for any of these many outside responsibilities. For two to have their own special churches, it terms he was president of the Indian The Horizons of Stewardship. Her- was decided, at a general meeting held Christian Association and served as man C. Weber. 116 pp. $1.25. on August 16, at which all these secretary and president of the U. P. Revell. New York. churches were well represented, to Christian Council. At the time of his build a church in which each body can death he was Chairman of the Civil Guy Bullen. By His Friends. 136 pp. hold services according to the customs Rights Committee of the U. P. Chris- 58. Highway Press. London. and rites of that church, and on occatian Council and was president-elect sions to have united services. of the All-India Indian Christian As- Women and the Way. Christ and the sociation. Mr. Mukerji served for six- World's Womanhood. A Sympo- In the erection of this church, there teen years as a member of the Alla- sium. 196 pp. $1.00, cloth; 50 is no idea of speeding the movement habad Municipal Board and was Vice- cents, paper. Friendship Press. towards union. The ministers and Chairman for a number of years. He New York. priests of each church will, when they voluntarily retired from the Board but are available, conduct services accordconsented to serve as Special Railway The Wild Rue. A Study of Muham- ing to the rites and customs of their Magistrate. He was an active mem- madan Magic and Folklore in Iran. own church. ber of the Upper Chamber of the Bess Allen Donaldson. 216 pp. Provincial Legislative Assembly. He 108. 6d. Luzac & Co. London. The Sudan Government is allotting wrote: "You will believe me when I an excellent site in a central part of say that it is always my desire to do Getting Acquainted with Our Friends Malakal at a "peppercorn" rent.· my utmost to render whatever service in France. Sarah G. Klein. (A lies in my power to the Christians." Unit in World Friendship-Junior -Egyptian Mail. Grades.) 30 pp. 60 cents. Revell. New York. * Contributions should be sent to repre- Toward a Literature World. Frank sentatives of cooperating churches at Malakal C. LaubaCh, 178 pp. $1.75. For-' Or to the National Bank of Egypt. Khar- eign Missions Conference. New toum. Sudan. York.

TESTIMONY OF THE QUEEN SALOTE OF TONGA * The folloWing testimony to the influence and good achieved by Christian missions in the Pacific was recently given by the Queen of Tonga and by the Prince Consort, Tungi.

I speak as the represehtative of the women of Tonga. We are a small land, and a small people. We are only on the way in education and in the knowledge of the things and happenings that belong to the great world outside. We are not a wealthy people. We have very little money. No one is very rich, but no one is in want. Our people are a cheerful people. The root of that cheerfulness lies in two things-our faith and our land. Before the Christian Church came our people were cheerful, but they were living in serfdom and fear. They did not realize that they were serfs, but when the missionaries came with the truth of Jesus, and the King's heart was touched, he led them to realize their serfdom; then with the knowledge of God real cheerfulness came, and freedom from fear. Although they arrived at Wchheeenrfut hlneelsasn dthwroausgdhistthriebiur tefadittho, they were still poor, and had no way to show their faith. them, they were able to prove their faith. Now they are free and every one has his own land granted by the Sovereign. The freedom that they enjoy is different. If the workers "strike," everything becomes hard and difficult, and the comforts of life are affected. But such things cannot happen here. In our land no one can disturb the contentment. No one can create a strike. If a man wants to fish, he may fish. If he wants to grow yams, he may grow yams. If he does not want to do so, he does not grow them! That is the way the Tongans live. The Church is developing a healthy tone. It has its ups and downs, but we have a firm and constant faith in God. In Him is our trust. We are one with you in our desire to further the Gospel in heathen lands. There will be many providences hard to understand, but God is with us.

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Do Not Miss THE MOSLEM WORLD PUBUSHED BY THB HARTFORD SBMINARY FOUNDATION Edif:ors: SAMUEL M. ZWEMER, EDWIN E. CALVERLEY Some Articles in the January Number Islam. at the Madras Council •• Nicol Macnicol Dr. Kraemer on Islam. W. G. Shellabea:r Missions in North Africa • Harold B. Smith Christianity and the Arabic Mind • Mounir R. Sa'adah Mohammedan Teaching About Jesus James Robson Mohammed and Divorce in the Koran Richard Bell Missions to Moslems in China Claude L. Pickens The Ali Ilahis Mirza Karam Book Reviews Current Topics Survey of Periodicals Sue Molkson Foster ,. SUBSCRIBE NOW …-.- . – ~o Cents a Copy. $2.00 a Year (postpaid) In combination with THE MOSLEM WORLD THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF mE WORLD 1~6 Fifth Avenue, New York City $3.50 a Year. (Foreign Postage, 50 Cents.) British Agents: MARSHALL, MORGAN & SC<YIT. 12 Paternoster Buildings, London, E. C. Price in Great Britain, Eight Shillings a Year, net

The Missionary Review of the World — December 1937

1937

A Kurdish Christian Prophet J. Christy Wilson Sermon by a Converted Moslem Sa'eed Kurdistani First Five Centuries of Christianity Kenneth Scott Latourette The Evangelical Church in Brazil Miguel Rizzo, Jr.

In the Midst of European Revolutions Adolph Keller The Dilemma of Japanese Christians T. T. Brumbaugh Faith Working by Love in Japan Winburn T. Thomas 25 Cents a Copy $2.50 a Year

to Remember Mrs. McDougall was born in Detroit, PARENTS

Michigan, June 13, 1869, the daughter December 12-Universal Bible Sun- of the late Arthur T. Pierson and In the Foreign Mission Field day. Sarah Frances Benedict. Subsequent- Endorse Calvert School ly she lived in Indianapolis, Philadel- Home Study Courses January 2-9-1938 Universal Week of Prayer. phia and Brooklyn, moving to Upper for Children Montclair, New Jersey, in 1917, where NATIONAL PREACHING MIS- she made her home with her brother, Calvert School, through its Home Instruc- SION the Editor of THE REVIEW. She mar- tion Department, will give your child a ried Mr. McDougall in 1928 following superior elementary education … by mail, December 2-S–.Tacksonville, Fla. regardless of where you may live. Mod- a year and a half spent in Japan with ern, approved courses from this famous Obituary Notes her sister, Mrs. Frederick S. Curtis, school are being used by parents all over the world with outstanding success. and with her friends of the Kwato Mission in Papua. For forty years Mrs. McDougall was active in various forms of Christian work in connection Give your children the advantages of these The Rev. John McDowell, D.D., with the Church and various mission- interesting lessons, carefully chosen books, Associate Director of the Department ary organizations. For some years she and attractive materials. Instruction is of Social Education and action of the has been the volunteer Promotion Sec- under the personal guidance of teachers in Board of Christian Education of the retary in America for the Kwato Mis- Calvert's prominent and successful private day school in Baltimore. Presbyterian Church, U. S. A., and sion of Papua. formerly moderator of the General Write today for booklet of complete in- Assembly of the Church, entered into The Rev. Dr. Paul W. Koller, for formation. Costs are low. rest on November 13th after under- nine years executive secretary of the going a major operation. Dr. Mc- Board of Foreign Missions of the Dowell was born in Scotland in 1870 United Lutheran Church, died Noand was brought to America by his vember 11th at Baltimore, Md., at parents when two years old. He was the age of 65. graduated from Mt. lIermon School Dr. Koller was born in Glen Rock, and from Princeton University and after a special course in the Theo- Pa., and educated at Gettysburg (Pa.) ment be extended to foreign lands and logical Seminary was pastor succes- College. He attended Gettysburg Dr. Boville spent a year in the Far Theological Seminary, was ordained East founding schools. sively of churches in Steelton, Pa.; in 1897. After serving pastorates in Detroit, Michigan; Newark, New Cleveland, Ohio; Hudson, N. Y., and *** Jersey, and Baltimore, Maryland. Mansfield, Ohio, in 1921 he was named Canon Streeter, provost of Queen's He was Religious Work Director dur- president of the Lutheran Synod of College, Oxford, and Mrs. Streeter ing the War and in 1919 became a Ohio. In 1928 he was elected to the were killed in a plane crash in Switzsecretary of the Board of Home Mis- post he held at his death. He had erland, September 10. Dr. Streeter sions, later the Board of National served as a member of the committee was a scholar' and theologian of high Missions, of the Presbyterian .Church. of Reference and Counsel of the For- ability. His writings have been He was a popular speaker at summer eign Mission Conference of North widely read in this country. conferences and was author of several volumes, including one on Dwight L. America, and had been a member of *** Moody, one on "The Christian Spirit the Missionary Laymen's Executive in Industry," and one on "Christian Bishop William H. Heard, of the Essentials." He is survived by his Committee and the executive commit- African Methodist Church, died in a wife, and one daughter, Mrs. Robert tee on cooperation in the Near East. Philadelphia Hospital September 12, C. Cory. A biographical sketch of at the age of 87. He had attended the Dr. McDowell will appear in an early He also had served as president of World Faith and Order Conference in issue of THE REVIEW. Edinburgh, and while there experi- the conference of Foreign Mission enced difficulty in obtaining hotel ac- … … … Boards of Lutheran Churches in commodations. Dr. Temple, Arch- bishop of York, offered him the hos- Dr. Frank W. Bible, the Central America. pitality of his home. District Home Base secretary of the Board of Foreign Missions of the Surviving are his widow, Mrs. Mary *** B. Koller, and a daughter, Miss Kath- erine Koller, Professor of English at Bryn Mawr Co..l.leg..e. . …

Presbyterian Church, died in Chicago, The Rev. Dr. Robert George B.o- .T. Harvey Borton, a Philadelphia Ill., November 15th after an illness of ville, founder of the Daily Vacation business man, well known in religious several months. He was born in Bible School movement in the United circles, died on October 80th in the Milesburg, Pa., July 18, 1877, and States and director of the world-wide Pennsylvania Hospital, Philadelphia, after graduation from Park College organization for the religious educa- following an operation. He was born and from Auburn Theological Semi- tion of children, died in Yonkers, N. at Rancocas, New Jersey, sixty-five nary, he went as a missionary to Y., on November 8th. Dr. Boville years ago, and lived at Moorestown, China in 1904. There he taught in lived in Riverdale, N. Y., and was N. J. He was connected with the the Hangchow Christian College for eighty-three years old. Hajoca Corporation, manufacturers fifteen years. On his return to Amer- Dr. Boville was born in Belfast, Ire- of plumbing supplies, and was a ica in 1919, he became associate gen- land, and came to New York from a member of the Executives Association eral secretary of the Committee of pastorate in Hamilton, Ontario, in of Philadelphia. Reference and Council for the Foreign Missions Conference of N. A. and in 1901 to become secretary of the Bap- Mr. Borton was an active member tist City Mission. That same year he 1924 was elected· district secretary. of of the Society of Friends and a frethe Presbyterian Board. Dr. Bible began the nation's first daily vacation made a tour of the world in 1930-l. Bible schools. He found a group of quent speaker at the Sunday services With his extensive knowledge of con- young college and seminary students at Girard College. He was also chairditions both at home and abroad, he who were willing to donate their varendered valuable service in promot- man of the council of the V:ictorious cation time to religious training for ing foreign missionary interest. Life Testimony, which directs the these children. One thousand children * .. * were enrolled the first year. work of the Pioneer Mission Agency, Anna Pierson .McDqugall, the wife Dr. Boville traveled throughout the the Keswick Colony of Mercy Kes- country organizing Bible schools. By of Mr. Walter McDougall for tWenty wick Grove, N. J., and summe'r conyears the treasurer of the Missionary 1916 the movement had spread and ferences held at Keswick Grove' Review Publishing Co., entered into the organization was incorporated as the International Association of Daily chairman of the board of trustees of the Life Beyond on Sunday, November Vacation Bible Schools. Missionaries the Belgian Gospel Mission; and a 7th, following a serious operation. in the Orient requested that the move- member of the board of directors of the Sunday School Times Company.

His wife, Alice McClure Borton and a daughter survive him. '

MISSIONARY Do You When the good

REVIEW OF THE WORLD Read the Old Testament calls you East … sail DELAVAN L. PIERBON, Editor Understandingly? p&O VOL. LX DEC., 1937 No. 12 How often have you longed for This year marks a full century of P & 0 Publication and Business OIDce– a book that service to the lands beyond Suez! Third and Reily Sts., Harrisburg, Pa. would present the historical, geo- Whenever you are called to the other graphical, cultural and archae- side of the world, choose this tradi- Editorial and Executive OIDce– ological backgrounds of the Great tional route. Cross to England by 156 Fifth Avenue, New York City. Book, and thus make the study Cunard White Star •.. and there Entered as second-class matter at of the Bible more meaningful? embark in a great liner of the P & 0 and British India fleets, led by the Post OIDce, Harrisburg, Pa., under JAMES C. MUIR, noted autltorHy and new 22,5oo-ton Strathnaver, Strath- Act of March 3, 1879. lecturer on the Old Testament has just aird and Strathmore. Regular service completed a new and unusnal book that to Egypt, Sudan, Persian Gulf, India, 25 cents a copy-$2.50 a year. sweeps away the mists of unreality with Burma, Ceylon, Straits Settlements, Foreign Postage, 50 cents a year. which time has enshrouded the old China, Japan, Australia, East and Published monthly, except August. Testament narratives – the title, South Africa, Mauritius. Low rates. All rights reserved. Copyrighted 1937. British agents – Marshall, Morgan HIS TRUTH ENDURETH Convenient through bookings can be arranged and Scott, 12 Paternoster Buildings, by your local travel agent or any office of London, E. C. 1 shilling per copy, Tltls boole Is more fascInating titan fIction. 10 shillings a year. It enables the student to assimilate more CUNARD WHITE STAR LINE readily the backgrounds of the Old MISSIONARY REVIEW PUB- Testament. Here is the story of the GENERAL AGENTS LISHING CO., INC. rise of civilization, the history of peoples who were contemporary with the chil- 25 Broadway and 638 FifthAve.,NewYork BOARD OF DIRECTORS dren of Israel in Old Testament days, ROBERT E. SPEER, President together with the latest archaeological A. L. WABNBHUIB, Vice-President information bearing on the many sub- WALTER McDoUGALL, Treasurer jects covered in the book. DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Secretary You Need This Book SAMUEL MCCREA CAVERT Buy It Today From Your Bookseller D. J. FANT List Price $2.50 MRB. ORRIN R. JUDD NATIONAL PUBLISHING CO. PHILADELPHIA WM. B. LIPPHARD ERIC M. NORTH 180,640 Net New Believers in 9 Years in Korea SAMUEL M. ZWEMER This is equivalent to Editorial Chat 70 new parishes of 300 helievers each The Editor and Board of Directors year. Some mission fields haven't of THE REVIEW extend very cordial won 20,000 in 50 years. Christmas greetings to our readers, What is the "secret" of it all? missionaries and other Christian friends in every land. The picture of May it be the Bible emphasis? a warring world is a sad commentary on humanity's response to the Gospel Last year the Korean Church held of peace, but the very fact that man- ~,344 Week-Long Bible Conferences. kind shows so little evidence of ac- (J7R,SJ3 attendance.) ceptance of Christ and His Gospel is 10.0oo!n Bible Correspondence. a compelling reason for carrying His message of life and love to every part S4'.~68 III Sunday Schools. of the world by the power of the Holy 55.075 in Bible Vacation Schools. Spirit at Christmas time and without ',500 in 6-10 Week Bible Institutes. ceasing. May this "NEVIUS METHOD" he the This and other numbers of THE Dynamic of All Methods. REVIEW give encouragement by telling how this work is being done and God Honors His Word. how God is making the work fruitful. Read Korea t" Story in the New Book Read the back cover of THE REVIEW "THE NEVIUS PLAN FOR MISSION for our special offer. WORK IN KOREA" (370 pages). *** By CHARLES ALLEN CLARK. Ph.D.• D.D. THE REVIEW is to puhlish Dr. (35 years in Korea.) Speer's new book-a life of George Bowen, one of the most unique and Postpaid-~ remarkable of all the missionaries to India, who died about fifty years ago. CHRISTIAN LITERATURE SOCIETY. Note the announcement on the back Seoul, Korea ~ – – – – – – – Y5.oo cover. E. C. HEINZ, * '" * S6~' 5th Ave. S.. Minneapolis, Minn. $t.OO "I want to congratulate you on [ 561 ] your Rural (June) issue. You have assembled a lot of fine material on the rural church."-Dr. Wm. R. King, Executive Secretary of the Home Missions Council.

"THE REVIEW*, in* my* opinion, is one of the best periodicals that come to me. I always welcome it and find inspiring articles in it."

WM. JAY SCHIEFFELIN, New York.

TEACHElRS IN CAMPINAS SEMINARY-FOREIGNERS AND

STUDElNTSAT THE CAMPINAS THE"OLOGICAL SEMINARY, BRAZIL (See Article by Dr, Miguel Rizzo, page 576)

NARY

ORLD VOLUME LX AN INTERDENOMINATIONAL REVIEW OF WORLD-WIDE CHRISTIAN PROGRESS NUMBER 12 DECEMBER, 1937 Topics of the Times WAR AND MISSIONS IN CHINA dun, the Chinese troops saying "They shall not pass!" and Japan pouring in a continual stream The Chinese armies in the Shanghai area be. of soldiers with superior mechanized equipment. gan (on October 27th) a well-executed retreat Bombing of cities, railways and other lines of from their first lines of defense to a second line south and west of Soochow Creek. This brought communication in this area has been continuous the fighting into areas adjacent to the French for two months. Soochow, Kiangyin, Chinkiang Concession and Nantao, the old Chinese city, and and Nanking have suffered from especially freforced the evacuation of St. John's University, quent and severe air raids. Recently in a bomb- St. Mary's School for Girls, The Seventh Day ing of Sungkiang, 50 miles southwest of Shanghai, Adventist Sanitarium and other institutions. The the splendid center of Southern Methodist miseffects of the severe struggle have been felt on sionary work and lay-training, suffered heavily. the edges of the International and French settle- The Girls' School was set on fire, a missionary ments and from stray shells falling into these residence was demolished and other buildings settlements. Many mission and interdenomina- were damaged. tional organizations were forced for a time to move from their offices near the Bund. Communi· The landing of Japanese troops on the northcations with inland China have been maintained ern shores of Hangchow Bay, south of Shanghai, by bus and motor car service. An increasing may endanger mission centers at Sungkiang, number of missionaries who were sojourning tem- Kashing and Huchow. Christian work is being porarily at other ports or summer resorts have maintained at Hangchow and cities south and been returning to Shanghai and some have gone west. Hangchow Christian College has an enon to their inland stations. A large missionary rollment now of 500, Wayland Academy (Baptist) colony, chiefly mothers and children, is now in has over 1,000 students and the Union Girls' the buildings of the Shanghai American School. School has re-opened. Soochow, 50 miles west The National Christian Council, mission head- of Shanghai, is affected more seriously. The three quarters and other central offices are keeping in Christian hospitals there are crowded with touch with missionaries and churches in the in- wounded and Soochow University is being used terior by means of radio and a limited mail service to house wounded and refugee civilians. Missionwhich has been remarkably efficient considering ary doctors and nurses are staying on. difficulties of transportation. Chinese ~hurches in the settlements and out of the immediate fight- Since the partial destruction of Central Goving zone are continuing their regular services of ernment Hospital in Nanking by an air raid on worship and are undertaking many forms of re- September 25 the University (Drum Tower) lief work. The presence of hundreds of thousands Christian Hospital has had to carry a double burof refugees in Shanghai, who face the winter den of medical aid and relief work. This hospital without food and shelter, constitutes a grave prob- has cabled word of its desperate need for medical supplies, especial anesthetics, tannic acid and anti-tetanus serum. Other mission hospitals in the three eastern provinces of Chekiang, Kiangsu lem. and Anhwei are meeting heroically the emergency Nanking is 200 miles northwest of Shanghai, demands upon their services, with diminished in- come from fees and serious shortage of supplies. Hangchow 150 miles southwest. These three cities form a triangle which is becoming a great Ver- The University of Nanking and Nanking The- [563 ]

SUlIj'UAN JEHOL I.

o /…-'~-1''0 • /C:3 Q-a———-t—–4~~~~ .l KA. U ~ Yenano / l'I'i:,ngChen ,, . -·f….~ …… ,,—-…..- ……'-…—~' o ;- , /~UngShU~ •0 NanchaJlIC _~_V..:"~s'.ht.a,a::n:tiu,;t,e;,S;-I;tI;e-s'IT:~;o—-, GS I " ; ~ FengSl'o O 0 • …………". Shenchcw Tungpjn~ Sinchang K I A :J I0 TureSianR I . 50 100 I'

PRINCIPAL AREAS COVERED IN THE JAPANESE INVASION OF CHINESE TERRITORY On November 11, the Japanese had moved their armies in the north as far west as Talyuan, Shans! Province. Their line extended south of Pelplng, nearly to Tientsin. From Shanghai they had moved south on the road to Hangchow, and were marching west to attack Nanking. The cities named show the principal Protestant mission stations; the location of other stations is marked by circles. Rail- I'oads completed and under construction are also indicated.

ological Seminary have re-opened in Nanking also an increasing exodus of students from the with about a third of their normal enrollments. coastal provinces westward. So far the Chiriese Ginling College is carrying on some of its work Government has encouraged schools to continue in connection with Hwachung College in Wuchang and students to pursue their studies wherever and St. John's University at Shanghai. Govern- possible, believing that China must keep on buildment educational institutions are more and more ing for the future. As a consequence, Hwachung College, Yale-in-China at Changsha and West moving to central and west China and there is

TOPICS OF THE TIMES

China Union University have enrollments far .is moving part of its work including the Medical above the average. School to west China. The Northern Presbyterians and Southern Baptists have extensive work in The National Christian Council sends encour- Shantung. Some missionaries of these and other aging news from churches all over China, even missions are staying in the interior, others are at those in fighting areas. Christian relief commit- the port of Tsingtau keeping in close touch with tees are being organized in many cities. Mission- their Chinese co-workers and making occasional ary work in central and west China is going on visits inland. The Southern Presbyterian Mismore normally and Szechwan and Yunnan seem sion which works in north Kiangsu still has misto be the safest provinces so far. Air raids have sionaries at Haichow, at Suchow the important extended as far inland as Hankow, Wuchang and railway junction and at Tsingkiangpu. Mission- Changsha. After an air raid on Wuchang which aries are remaining in considerable numbers in reduced a poor section of the city to shambles and Honan Province and the United Church of Canwhich came near destroying the Methodist Mis- ada has recently decided to send some missionsion Hospital, a Hankow newspaper reported, aries back who have completed their furloughs. "Scores of operations and amputations were performed by candle light at the Methodist Hospital Cities in northern Shansi where missionaries owing to the electric light system failing. There reside have been bombed and as this article goes is a lamentable shortage of doctors and ambu- to press news comes of the Japanese seige of lance workers." Taiyuan, the capital. The American Board and Church of the Brethren missions have important Air raids have continued on the coastal cities work in Shansi. Taiku and Fenchow, south of of Fukien and Kwangtung with especially de- Taiyuan, are centers of American Board educavastating effect in Canton, but no serious damage tional, medical and evangelistic effort, including to mission property has been reported. One mis- the Oberlin-in-Shansi schools. Christian work sion hospital in Kwangtung has been struck. Fu- here is much disturbed but a group of missionkien Christian University and Hwanan College aries have refused to leave and are doing what in F'oochow and Lingnan University, Canton, are they can to help alongside their Chinese colopen with limited enrollments but with morale leagues. high. From Great Britain come reports that British Yenching University in Peiping and other missions are holding their own. The China Inland Christian schools in the Japan-controlled area Mission is not returning missionaries or sending have opened and the number of students is steadily new missionaries for the present. Detailed news increasing. Few of these students, however are from inland stations comes through slowly. from central and south China and all educational work is conducted with peculiar difficulties. Busi- On September 21st the National Christian ness has been hard hit in the invaded territory, Council of China adopted the following resolution unemployment is increasing and Christian insti- which was later broadcast from Shanghai, "Along tutions and churches which depend upon con- with the material relief we must give is the spirtributions and fees will all suffer. Letters coming itual uplift of the nation. The soul of China is through, however, tell of great faith and courage at stake. An effort should be made to keep up on the part of Christian groups. Paoting, the the morale of the Chinese Christians, so that their capital of Hopei, an important center of mission Christian faith, hope and love may not be dework of the American Board (Congregational) stroyed by the terror of war. What China needs and Northern Presbyterian Mission, suffered from at present is a reinforcement of spiritual power, a heavy siege and looting as the Japanese line and that power Christianity alone can give. Since moved southward. A small group of missionaries this war is going to put a strain upon the restayed on and ministered to the suffering. Teh- sources of the human soul as well as on material chow, another American Board mission center in resources it would seem important that we should northern Shantung, has been captured by J ap- bring together all Christian forces available for anese troops and Changteh, a mission center of the task of deepening our spiritual resources, the United Church of Canada in northern Honan. leading people to look up and find God a very The Japanese advance will probably be halted present help in time of trouble, assisting the for the time being at the strong defenses along churches and schools in clear thinking about the the Yellow River. The fighting is coming close issues raised by this conflict, and giving them to Tsinan, the capital of Shantung. There are comfort, healing and strength." fears that attacks on ,the Shantung coast may force the Chinese armies to abandon Shantung Dr. E. Stanley Jones, who was in Shanghai province but at the present writing the defense when hostilities broke out there, and went to Mais strong. Cheeloo University at Tsinan, in which nila instead of starting upon his projected six thirteen American and British missions cooperate, months' evangelistic tour of China, has now gone from the Philippines to central and west China

for a month of evangelistic meetings, at the re- refused to allow the facts as to their students to quest of Chinese Christian leaders. be made public.

Chinese leaders, both Christian and non-Chris- In one prominent university, where there is a beautiful $2,000,000 chapel and a college pastor, tian, have expressed in many ways their appre- two-thirds of the students said they had not at- tended chapel once that year. ciation of the service missionaries are rendering The religious influences surrounding students in the present tragic situation, and have urged are of special importance since the United States Government acknowledges God as the supreme that missionary work be continued at all costs. ruler and the students of one generation largely mold the life and character of coming generations. Most of the mission boards are raising special How can our students be reached with sound funds for emergency needs in their own fields religious teaching and won to Christ? The great- est need is for truly Christian instructors, but and are also supporting the general campaigns .there is also a loud call for greater spiritual vital- ity in the college churches, in chapel services, and for relief work in China sponsored by the Fed- in the Christian Associations. There is need for better cooperation between the colleges and home eral Council of Churches, American Red Cross, churches from which students come. Parents and even pastors often seem to be impassive or in- China Famine Relief, and other agencies. different as to whether or not their young people give any attention to spiritual things while in col- Since the war may continue for a long time, possibly several years, mission boards are begin- ning to adjust their policies to the special condi- tions. Whatever changes may be necessary in methods of work there seems to be no plan of withdrawal. Missionaries on the field and mission societies here are determined to carryon in war as well as in peace. FRANK W. PRICE.

lege. Much more interest is shown in their intel- EVANGELIZING COLLEGE STUDENTS . lectual standing, their athletic games and their One of the most serious problems of the present social events such as college dances. How many parents would spend a week-end to attend college day in America and other lands is that of winning chapel?

the youth to an intelligent and whole-hearted alle- In view of this situation it is of especial inter- est and importance to note that the National giance to Christ and enlisting them unreservedly Preaching Mission, which last year toured the in His service for mankind. It is estimated that country without making much impression on the colleges and universities, is this year undertaking there are at least sixty million youth in America a University Christian Mission especially among under twenty-five years of age. Of these not more students. Dr. John A. Mackay, the new and vigthan one half are under any definite religious in- orous president of Princeton Theological Semstruction. The, Sunday schools enroll about inary, is chairman. The following statement retwenty million but much of the Christian training veals the purpose and plan of this Preaching received there is haphazard and very inadequate. Mission. $ome of the. finest youth of the lane. go to our colleges and other'higher educational institutions to Due to the dominance of a naturalistic philosophy in so prepare}ol;' life and work. When they leave home many university centers, unprecedented religious illiteracy most' of' them are interested in knowing God and among students, combined with increasing manifestations they are apt to have an ambition to use their lives of spiritual hunger, the responsibility of the Church is to good purpose; many lose both this interest and ambition in college. A report issued by the "Coun- overwhelming. . . . cil of Church Boards of Education," giving the Aimless liberty is palling upon many who'seek an abidresults of a recent comprehensive survey of college youth in 1,171 American institutions of ing loyalty for their devotion. They are looking for a higher learning, shows that 88 per cent of these Master in whom they may believe utterly, and for a cause to which they; may commit themselves with sacrificial abandon; th~y ~~ek light on the perplexing framework in students acknowledge some religious preferences, which their lives are set; in growing numbers they debut only about sixty per cent of them regularly mand to know what Christianity is and what it has to attended any religious services while in college. offer. Many are indifferent and some state that they are Such a situation is a clear caIl to united Christian action. The University Preaching Mission will undertake opposed to God and religion. three major tasks: It will deal with false conceptions about Christia_nity which .are current in university circles. These facts show a serious situation and a great It must also make plain' that Christian faith is fulfilled need and opportunity, especially since these youth only in Christian life !l,ntl.action, and that it is relevant ought to be future leaders in political, educational, to all issues in society which involve the welfare of human economic and religious life. Twenty-four out of beings. The mission will p.im to bring forcibly to the at- 1,458 institutions in nine states reported that it tention of student.s the implications of the Christian meswas illegal in those states to inquire into the reli- sage for all spheres and phases of life, and to set forth gious preferences of students. Other institutions the vision of a world Christian community as the Role hope of saving a sinful world.

A Kurdish Christian

The Story of Dr. Sa'eed Kurdistani as Told to ,. Christ,r Wilson, Tabriz, Iran W E PULLED our chairs up beside the fire of pure water near us. None of us came down in his Teheran home. I had long awaited with the cholera. the chance for this interview with Dr. "As a boy I was always busy with books. I Sa'eed Kurdistani, perhaps the most noted con- read the Persian poets and was so well versed in vert from Islam in all Iran. The story of his life Arabic and Persian that, when my father died, (here told as nearly as possible in his own words) when I was thirteen years of age, the Imam is a human interest document of importance. The Jumeh placed the white turban on my head and sidelights also show the thoughts and the heart of made me a teacher in the same school where my a true Moslem and how such an one may be led father had taught in the mosque.

to Christ. The beloved doctor began: "My father was a very pious Mohammedan. I "I Was born in the year 1863 in Senna, a city of can never forget his supplications to God at mid- Kurdistan. My father was Mullah Rasul; he was night. He said that he had the promise that, at from the village of Buzan, near Sulemanieh. My the resurrection, he would be raised to the plat- mother's name was Mahenisa, meaning 'Moon of form of Joseph, because as a youth he had fled Women.' For seven generations our people had from the same sin as Joseph, under similar cir- been Mullahs (or Moslem teachers) of the Sunni cumstances.

sect. "Father used to tell us stories of the mystic "My father conducted a school for children saints when we were children. During the famine which I attended. I was known as a very preco- he found a sum of money, but sought out the owner cious child, and at six or seven years of age I was and returned it though we were ourselves in des- reading the Koran. The people thought that the perate need. Years later the great difficulty· of· Angel Gabriel had taught me in a dream. By the my brother Kaka in accepting Christianity wa:~', age of nine I was reading the poems of Sa'di and what would become of father, for he thought· he astonished everyone. must be among the saved. Finally I helped him "When I was about ten, it occurred to me that to solve the difficulty by saying that if we live up it was not right for the Kurds to pray in Arabic; to the light we have, our future is in the hands of and not understand what they were saying so 1 a just God. I had very early acquired from my endeavored to put the regular prayers into Persian father a deep sense of the reality of God.

poetry. When eleven years old I began to study Oontacts With Ohristianity Arabic with men who were more learned than my father. At twelve or thirteen I became a follower "There were seventy or eighty Roman Catholic of the 'Naqshbandi' sect of dervishes and went to Assyrian families in Senna and the bishop used to their meetings. Their leader was named Sheikh come from Mosul to visit them. I got a part of Mohammed. the Old Testament in Persian from an Assyrian "I was very regular in my prayers and attend- Catholic, named Fatah Petros, a deacon who had ance at the mosque. I intoned the call to prayer sympathy with the Protestants. He knew the and also the prelude to the prayers of the leader whole of the Psalms in the ancient Syriac. At one in the mosque. I pursued other studies, the laws time the bishop found some Protestant books in of Islam and religion in Arabic. I still have a copy his library and burned them. I read a good deal of the 'Feq' which I wrote and read as a boy. of the Old Testament but did not get much help "When I was about ten years old a great famine out of it. I did not admire the worship of the came over the country. Thieves broke :into our Catholic church, and put them on the same plane house and stole almost everything we had. My with idol worshippers. I prayed daily for my an- father with my brother Kaka and me started on cestors who had suffered but had accepted Islam, foot on a seven days' journey to the region of and thanked God for the great benefit I had re- Meriwan, west of Senna. There was food there ceived from them. I was devoutly thankful for and we stayed with relatives. My mother re- Islam and considered it the very truth as com- mained in Senna. We returned after a few months pared to Christianity. But I was ever a searcher.

to our home to find cholera raging there. My Finally I obtained a New Testament in Persian mother died a short time later. Our house was at from a man who had been in Teheran. I read it the outskirts of the town and there was a spring and asked the Catholic priests why they had taken [ 567] ..,;

out of it the references to Mohammed. I was in fact quite the opposite of what I saw in our own shown the last verses of Revelation, but I told Moslem religious leaders. My conscience awoke them they had put that in to make people think it and I felt very miserable. I was about sixteen had not been changed. At one time two Assyrian years old at this time. Once I asked Kasha his colporteurs came to Senna, but I did not talk to idea of Mohammed but he did not wish to tell me. them or get books from them. I also taught a boy I assured him no harm would come and finally he whose father was Assyrian, and his mother Ar- gave me some hints. Often as I taught the Koran menian. The more I saw of Christians, however, I saw that the things he had hinted as to faults in the more I was confirmed in my Islamic views. the life of Mohammed were confirmed. I got more miserable and became uneasy about the character "Then Kasha Yohanna of Sulduz came to Senna of Mohammed. One evening, as I was going to with two colporteurs, Shemisha Seyad and his son. the mosque to call the faithful to prayer, the idea Kasha Yohanna asked for a Persian instructor came to me: 'What if Mohammed is not true?' I and I went to teach him. But I did not wish to banged myself on the head with my fist, and said, give the salaam (Greeting of Peace) to an infidel. 'You should be cursed for such a thought concern- Shemisha Seyad told me that they also were 'peo- ing the holy prophet.' I went to the mosque for ple of the book' and that therefore it was lawful the ablutions and prayers but came home very for a Moslem to give them the greeting of peace. miserable. I had no answer, and so, as a hypocrite, I used to greet the Christian colporteurs half under my Mohammed or Christ? breath with the words: 'Sahum ile kum.' This sounded like the greeting of peace but means 'May "In my despair I burned the calves of both legs, a sword come upon you.' so that the scars will be there to my dying day. According'to this Kurdish custom I took an irre- "Kasha Yohanna, whom I taught early in the vocable vow, first, never to go to Kasha Yohanna morning before his school, had the Psalms in again or argue religious matters with any Chris- Syriac and a copy in Persian was given to me. tian; second, to live a holy life. I was ashamed, Shemisha Seyad led in prayer, and I heard a real for I knew that the life of Kasha Yohanna was Christian prayer for the first time. I was aston- better than my own. I gave up going to him but ished to hear him pray for his enemies. There I felt very miserable. Whenever I saw him on the was no swinging censor-just a spiritual prayer. streets he was like Jonah to me, and in my heart Shemisha Seyad and his son went on to Kerman- I knew that I was wrong. His life, so in accord shah and I continued teaching Persian to Kasha with what he believed and taught, had affected me Yohanna. I wanted to learn other languages, so so that I could not sleep. At last I went back to he taught me Syriac. We used the New Testament him and renewed my inquiries about passages in as a textbook. the Bible.

"Kasha Yohanna was a very bright man. The "One night I was very miserable during prayers Jews used to come to argue with him. He asked in the mosque. Realizing my sin I went home and me to take the Persian Bible and look up refer- fell on my face in the dust of the hallway. I ences as the Jews looked them up in Hebrew and prayed God to guide me to the Truth, as he was Kasha in the Syriac.1 I was deeply impressed by the Saviour of the lost. Then I went back to the wonderful evidences of fulfilled prophecy con- Kasha and studied both the Bible and the Koran. cerning Christ. When I showed the New Testa- I took some of my difficulties to the Imam Jumeh ment in Syriac to my brother, he was displeased and others, but was not satisfied with their exand told me not to study it. But I continued to do planation of the Koranic passages. After four so in secret. Marking in a Persian Bible the months of such study, the Light broke in upon my prophecies we had read, I showed them to my soul. I can never thank Him enough. brother, saying: "These must be about Mohammed for no one else could be worthy of such ref- "How happy the old man was when I confessed erences. Let me study this branch of knowledge my faith in Jesus as the Saviour. My not going and we shall soon be able to turn all the Catholics to the mosque or getting up early for prayers made and Jews into Mohammedans. I interpreted the my brother Kaka uneasy. Several people came to prophecies according to my own ideas and clus- our home and argued with me but I took the Christered them around Mohammed until I came to the tian side and defeated them. Though I did not words in Isaiah, 'A bruised reed shall he not break, say I was a -Christian, Kaka took up his rifle and and the smoking flax shall he not quench.' I could wanted to kill me. For some time things went on not apply these words to Mohammed. in this way, growing more difficult all the time. People were talking about how to kill me. "Then the life of Kasha Yohanna began to affect me very much. He was truthful, honest-and "At last I felt I must let Kaka know of my new faith and I wrote a letter to give my brother. I 1 Missionaries to Moslems may well note the methods of Kasha feared it would mean certain death and went out Yohanna,–a great evangelist and preacher.

A KURDISH CHRISTIAN PROPHET

in the yard and prayed to God. Then I went back Bible so he took the saddlebags that contained my and gave Kaka the letter. He read it and began books. I went after him and wept. He told me I to tremble. Another man who was there burned must go to the great Sheikh and renounce Christhe letter on a castor oil lamp in the room. I con- tianity; otherwise he would be killed and our fessed my faith again and begged Kaka not to bouse destroyed. Kaka began to torture and beat argue while he was so angry. I would gradually me like a dog. Though I repeatedly kissed his feet explain to him. If he killed me I was a martyr. he would not give back my Bible. How delightful If he let me live I might help him. We went to are Gods comforts! Persecution is the better life, bed under the kurlsi and when my foot touched his, much more wholesome! he roused and said, 'Get away, dog. A dog of a man cannot live in a house.' It was midnight and "My brother saw that I was determined. Both we could hear the wolves howling about, but I had he and my friend wept, but they left the saddleto leave at once. Some of the Roman Catholics knew I had become a Christian, and I went to one DR. SA'EED KHAN KURDISTANI of their houses, but they feared to let me in. At As He Appeared When Winning His Way to Recognition as a last a Catholic woman, named Sherin, took me in. In the morning I went to my school in great fear, Prominent Christian Physician in Teheran especially of Kaka. He thought I would attend He Was Recently Put Into Prison by the Iranian Government prayers in the Catholic church, so he took his gun and sat in a shop across from the church intending for His Christian Faith and Courage to shoot me as I entered. Life in the town was miserable. bags and went away. It was indeed a painful sep- aration. I went to bed and wept bitterly, thinking "About April, in the year 1882, Mr. Hawkes, of that perhaps I would better go back to the village the American Mission, came to Senna with Agha of our relative. I even thought of returning to the Hyeem, the Jewish convert, and a colporteur Sheikh to renounce my faith to bring peace to all named Johannes. One day when I was in his of us. Then like a flash of lightning Jesus' words room, about fifty men ran into the yard to kill me. came to me, 'he who does not renounce . . . even The Lord had so ordered that the son-in-law of the his own life is not worthy of me.' Then I lay down Imam Jumeh was there and he took me home and went to sleep. How I thank Him for the revwithout allowing the people to touch me. elation of His presence.

"About this time Fatah, who had first given me "Kaka went home and said he could not reach the Old Testament, came back from Russia. An me. The people of the quarter collected and a Assyrian preacher in Ardabil had lent him 'Mizan ul Haqq,' 'Tariq ul Hayat,' and 'Meftah ul Asrar,' 2 books that were a wonderful help to me.

"Mr. Hawkes went back to Hamadan, and he wrote me inviting me to come. He would teach me English and I could teach him Persian and Arabic. But how was I to get permission from my brother to go? I showed the letter and told him it was sure death for me to stay in Kurdistan. He knew this was true and at last he accompanied me to a river and carried me through on his back. He deposited me with the muleteers and we started on our troubled journey.

"Later I found that a relative of ours, who owned villages along the way, had told Kaka he would bind me and bring me back, but like Saul he had gone away to hunt his asses. Next day the people wanted to kill Kaka for having sold his brother to the foreigners. So my brother and a bosom friend of mine came on a day's journey after me and found me reading Christ's Sermon on the Mount in Persian to the muleteers. They told me at once that unless I should go back Kaka would be killed and our house would be ruined. I said I would not go. Kaka knew how I loved my • The three great books by Dr. Pfander. Though written a century ago they are still classics in their field.

brave rider was chosen to go after me. He had his I became very homesick and wanted to return. horse saddled and ready to start but at that mo- But I thought, if God would settle my difficulties ment his master sent for him. When the latter and satisfy my longing soul I would go on. The learned what he was about to do he sent him off in answer came that He would. an opposite direction on business connected with "I had a medical certificate from Teheran and his property. had practiced in Hamadan, but I wished to become "I came to Hamadan and there I learned Eng- a really good physician. I was attracted to Sweden by some good people but I could not agree with the lish. In September of 1882, Miss Montgomery views of my friends there in some matters of docand Dr. Alexander and his wife came to Hamadan. trine. So I went to London, still feeling that I With my bit of English I interpreted for Dr. Alex- was in darkness. I read how Agrippa thought ander and so fell into the practice of medicine. I Jesus was dead, but Paul argued that He was also continued to teach in the school and with Mr. alive. I thought: that is enough for me; Christ is Hawkes. People from Senna came and tried to alive. get me out by a trick to kill me. I had many conversations with Bahais and others. I still had dif- "None of the great men in London solved my ficulties with many passages of Scripture but I got difficulties. Then I came among some poor workgreat help from Mr. Hawkes and from the home ers who studied their Bibles, and in their company life of Dr. and Mrs. Alexander. Miss Montgomery every difficulty was solved. God gave me underread and explained the New Testament, Mr. standing of mysteries, prophecies and all. Ah, my Hawkes gave me very helpful spiritual books to soul rejoices in Him. Thank God for all His read, but still I had a thousand and one difficulties mercy. and could not find real satisfaction. I was like a child who loves his parents but is not able to ex- "I studied for two years at Cook's School of plain it. I loved the Lord Jesus passionately. Anatomy and Physiology. I attended post-grad- Often I wished that Mohammed's words were true, uate lectures and demonstrations. In 1895, after that such a beautiful person as my Lord and my studies there, I returned from London to Ha- Saviour was not tortured on the cross. One day madan and took up medical practice. We have had I came across a hymn by Frances Xavier, three children: Sarah, who is now the wife of a Christian physician in Hamadan; Samuel, who 'My God, I love thee not because– married an American girl and mixed the royal I love thee because thou took my place.' blood of the Kurds wi.th that of the Americans; and Lemuel, who died in London. His name means From that moment I knew that He took my sin, 'portion of God' and that he was.S and became sin for me that I should be the righteousness of God in Him. "In Hamadan at one time I took the Dr. St. Claire Tisdall's book, Yanab ul Islam,4 to a Mujta- "After a year Kaka paid me a visit. Later he hid. Many people thought that I had written it, as they thought that no other Christian in Persia came to stay. It is n<it true, as has often been knew enough languages, nor enough of Islam to said, that Kaka came to Hamadan to kill me. We write it. When persecution broke out against me had many long discussic»rs. After several years the Governor Ein id Dowleh took me to his own house and helped me to leave town. I fled to he was converted when t was able to allay his Teheran after the Mujtahid had issued the death sentence against me. Later, after I had become a doubts about my father. He was not sanctified well-known physician in Teheran, I returned to until troubles came and he broke his knee; like Hamadan and this same Mujtahid called on me. Jacob he finally became lame but a true Believer. He said, 'You have made a lot of money in Te- heran. You ought to give me half, because I was "In 1888 I was married to a Nestorian girl, Re- the cause of your going to Teheran.' becca, the daughter of Kasha Shimun of Geogtapa. The whole town made a demonstration during the "The second time I located in Teheran, Ein id month of Moharram and notices were posted on Dowleh was Governor of Khuzistan, where I had the mosques and in the bazaars. The governor been his private physician. I was in Teheran quieted the town by a trick, without my knowl- when Ein id Dowleh became prime minister. He edge. He told the people I had deceived a Chris- wrote a letter to many of his friends saying that tian girl and wanted to make her a Moslem. Per- I had come to Teheran and he wished people would secution finally drove me with my wife to Teheran. give me a trial. When the prime minister says Even there the mullahs of Senna wrote a letter to the Turkish Ambassador to have me put out of the 3 I made two other trips to England for the purpose of further way, saying that I was a blight on Islam. study. On the first of these I took my son Samuel with me. On the second I met Sir Wi1l1am Osler, and some of my letters to him are "In Teheran Dr. Potter, with his beautiful published in his blographY.-Ba'eed. Christ-like life, was a great help to me, as were also the ladies of the mission station. While there • "The Roots of Islam." by Dr. St. Claire Tisdall. I determined to go to Europe to study, leaving my wife and two children in Hamadan. On the way

A SERMON BY A CONVERTED MOSLEM

anything the people are ready to do it in a hurry. matter. When I prayed, I received my answer Sol stepped immediately into a practice with the and wrote that I would come if they would promaristocracy and best families. ise me security from attack. I went and was used to cure the great man of blindness. The mullahs "I was able to speak for Christ to the prime of Senna sent eighteen men to kill me, but they minister and to the leading men of the country. did not succeed. My escort heard of their plans Dr. S. M. Jordan asked me to preach in the church and wanted me to change my cap to disguise my but I asked if he did not think it too soon. He identity. The man who had charge of the attempt said, 'All know you are a Christian.' So I prayed was later brought by the government to Teheran, over it and I think I was the first convert from and showed that he has been very much ashamed. Islam to preach in that church. The greatest He often calls on me and I give him Christian thing I can say is that the Lord Jesus Christ loved books and tracts. a great sinner. He saved a brand from the burning, and He loved me to the end in spite of all my "The missionaries sent an evangelist to Senna, sins and failures. who was no doubt sent to Assyrian Catholics and Jews, but I, a poor Kurd, was most blessed. "In 1912 I made a return journey to Kurdistan. Praise be to God. How wonderful are His ways. While I was in Hamadan a note came asking me I have told you the good things of my life. If I to visit a wealthy man in the mountains. I im- should tell you everything you would not want to mediately wrote saying that I could not do it. But write it down or look at me. But Jesus forgives as I was waving the letter to dry over the fire I me all. How good is the God whom we adore." said to myself that I had not first prayed about the A Sermon by a Converted Moslem Based on the Story of Naaman in 2 Kings, Chapter 5 -. I~I By SA'EED KURDISTANI, M.D., Isfahan, Iran I J;t– J~==============================~I A MAN may have high place in the public eye Leprosy has no cure, but he who suffers from and perhaps may gain a national reputa- it sees it gradually attack all his members until tion; he may through his business exceed his whole body is unclean, full of sores and decayhis highest hopes in accumUlating wealth and ing. His face becomes hideous, his fingers drop property; he may acquire great honor in his own off, his voice is hoarse and weak, and his members country, reaching the highest military rank and lose all sense of feeling. He becomes repugnant, possessing medals and titles from the great na- even to his own brother and sister. And this is a tions of the world. In other words, a man may true picture of the ruined condition of the man reach the exalted position of Naaman, who was of whom sin holds in its power. The unfortunate the first rank and commander-in-chief in the sinner, like the leper, sees that all his efforts and great country of Syria. Yet of what avail was all all his searoh for a cure to his disease of sin are this to Naaman? For he was a leper. In the without avail, and that its horrible results are same way it makes no difference what the rank daily on the increase. and reputation of a man is in the world, if he is a sinner. Ah, this one thing ruins everything for My friends, how awful and accursed a thing sin him; it changes all the joy of the world to sadness, is! Perhaps you have often longed that you might and turns the sweet cup of pleasures into bitter- grow better, but you perceived that you really ness and deadly poison. How unfortunate is he grew worse. In all Syria and in the capital of its who at the time of death owns nothing but money great king there was not found one physician who and fame, when he must undergo the just judg- could cure Naaman's disease. In all the earth ment of God and realizes that he is a sinner and there is no remedy for sin; in no tribe or nation has no certainty! Of what benefit were all Naa- will you find any man who has a cure for it. The man's medals and possessions to him? What joy whole world is a huge leper house with all its indoes he have as he gazes at the signs of his leprosy habitants infected. Both kings and beggars are and watches the exudations from his open sores? sinners.

It is remarkable how God has chosen the weak-

est things of the world for His work. We see that from sin. The command to wash in the Jordan it is a little maid, a captive and servant in the made the leper angry. Man is always displeased house of this great man, who is the means of at the remedy God has chosen for sin and wants bringing a message of .joy to the great general of instead the cure he himself thinks is good. He Syria. She said: "Would that my master could prefers his own worthless prescription to the dego to the prophet in Samaria to be cured of his pendable and efficacious prescription of God. "Are lep.rosy." In the same way I say to you: "WoVld not Abana and Pharpar, rivers of Damascus, betthat you came to the blessed Jesus that He might ter than all the rivers of Israel?" In the same cleanse you of your sin." way, the unfortunate moral leper says: "Are not the teachings of my own religion better? It says I beseech you, when you hear this name, not to to me: Keep the fasts and all the regulations. be so unpolite as to stop listening to me, but think Complete the ceremonial washings. Pray all a little, and realize that I also, like you, was af- night. Go as a pilgrim to far places. Is it not flicted with the leprosy of sin, yet, through faith better to wash in these great rivers of my own in the expiation and the shed blood of Jesus, and religion than to have faith in this word of God through His resurrection from the dead, I have about the death of Christ?" Very weH, my found eternal salvation, and thousands of others friend, wash, wash, wash in your own rivers, but who were like me have also come to Him in con- among all the millions of men who have done this, fidence and have found a perfect cure. You know show me one person who has become clean from that you are a sinner and that up to now neither sin. With all earnestness I say to you that there you nor a single one of your acquaintances can is not one who certainly knows that he is among make bold to say that you have found salvation those who are saved. and are safe from the just punishment of God. How then is it that I and thousands like me have Naaman's servants said to him: "If the prophet such certainty that we are safe from this punish- had ordered you to do some great thing, would you ment and will forever live joyfully in the holy not have done it? How much rather then when presence of God? Is our confidence without a he said to you: Wash and be olean?" From all foundation? Is our joy purely imaginary? Give the peoples of the world there is evidence of the careful attention and think whether a person has lengths to which men will go in their search for ever found lasting happiness through imagination salvation-long pilgrimages on foot; costly offeralone. And this thought is also worthy of your ings., even of their own children; self-immolation attention, that perhaps you, too, through divine beneath the chariots of the idols. To what exfavor, can find deliverance from the terrible dis- tremes will they not go in the hope that their sin ease of sin and attain salvation. will be forgiven? But God will admit of only one way of cleansing. Naaman finally came to the prophet Elisha, but Finally, Naaman went down into the Jordan notice that he came in the way that man comes, and washed, and his flesh became clean like that standing at the gate with his horses and chariots of a little child. So with those who are washed by Christ. How clean and spotless are these new and bearing gifts. Man likewise thinks that by creatures! Oh, that you would, with the eye of faith, perceive that you may go under the waves his good works and his charities he will be re- of death with Christ and rise with Him from the dead, freed of all the spots and wounds of your ceived by God. He presents to the King with his leprosy. Then will you be able to exhibit to God dirty hands a flower from the King's own garden, and the world the countenance of a new man and show forth heavenly qualities through your words and expects a reward! But Elisha wanted none and deeds. That this is God's remedy for sin and of Naaman's gifts. and praises. One cannot sell your chance of a cure is plain from His own Word, the salvation of God. Elisha sent him a message: where we read: "For if we have become united "Go, wash in the Jordan." He would not go as with him in the likeness of his death, we shall be far as the gate to meet the general, but oontented also in the likeness of his resurrection; knowing himself with a message. Salvation today also this, that our old man was crucified with him, that must be by faith, not by seeing with the eye, for the body o(sin might' be done away. But if we Jesus Christ, the healer of sin, has sent the mes- died with Christ, we believe that we shall also live sage of peace through His Word. Whoever hears with him; knowing that Christ being raised from it in faith receives salvation. the dead dieth no more. Even so reckon ye also yourselves to be dead unto sin, but alive unto God The river Jordan is a symbol of death, and for in Christ Jesus" (Rom. 6: 5.). the leper Naaman there was no other remedy but that he dip seven times in the river of death. I can say to you that in all the world there is no other way by which a sinner may find healing but by the death of Christ. His blood alone can cleanse

First Five Centuries of Christianity*

A Review by SAMUEL M. ZWEMER, D.D.

–tEl Professor Emeritus of History of Religion and Christian Missions at Princeton Theological Seminary THIS is undoubtedly one of the great books of The fact that this first volume supplies the an- the year, and if the author completes his am- swers to these searching questions makes it a text- bitious plan, it may well prove the standard book and source-book on the science of early work on missionary history of the twentieth cen- Christian missions, as well as a history of the tury. As now planned, the work is to be incor- enterprise.

porated in six volumes of approximately 150,000 Dr. Arthur J. Brown's masterly volume on a to 200,000 words each. Volume I covers the period Century of Presbyterian Missions is in compari- to the Conversion of the Roman Empire, about the son with the scope of this one volume as a beauti- year 500 A. D. The second volume will cover the fully engraved cameo showing all the particular thousand years between 500 A. D. and 1500; the detail of one Society's work in one century. Here third, from 1500 A. D. to 1800. The last three is a massive canvas not only portraying a pano- volumes are to be devoted to the 19th and 20th rama of apostolic zeal in many lands and many centuries. Volume IV will deal with the general centuries but transfused and transfigured by the movements in Europe and America conditioning miracle of all history-the Incarnation-which at the expansion of Christianity during the last cen- the outset throws its bewildering light on the tury and a half. Volume V will cover the spread whole scene. Miracles in the technical sense, and of Christianity in Latin America, Africa, Asia, according to prevailing Protestant the 0 log y, and the islands of the Pacific. Volume VI will ceased with the Apostolic age.t But in that age conclude with a retrospect of the entire work, and in the message that came from the lips of the summarizing the conclusions. Apostles, miracles had a supreme place; for as Except for its anachronistic jacket (supplied by Archbishop Temple remarks in his latest volume, the publishers), this scholarly production is in Basic Convictions: "The only Jesus for whom every way attractive and worthy of its great there is any historical evidence at all is a super- theme. On the jacket, however, we have a John natural and miraculous figure."

the Baptist figure preaching to a group of men in The literary sources available for the history of Moslem turbans, palm trees and a minaret in the primitive Christianity may be fragmentary, as background, and the whole in a frame surrounded Harnack states in his great work, The Missi,on by heterogeneous crosses! The breadth and scope and Expansion of Christianity. But he goes on of the first volume is large enough to startle the to remark: "How extensive they are compared thoughtful reader at the very outset, for Dr. La- to the extant sources at our disposal for investitourette is dealing with the philosophy of history gating the history of any other religion within the as well as with history itself. He proposes to an- Roman Empire!" swer seven questions in this and the succeeding volumes: In our opinion an anti-supernaturalistic ap- proach to these primary documents in the New (1) What was the Christianity which spread? Testament mars the treatment of the sources both (2) Why did Christianity spread as it did? in the case of Harna«k and also to some extent in (3) Why has Christianity suffered reverses and at times the volume before us. Professor Latourette ex- presses his own evangelical faith in the super- met only partial success? natural character of Jesus Christ and what he (4) By what processes did Christianity spread? (5) What effect has Christianity had upon its environ- ment? wrought and taught, at the close of chapter four, (6) What effect has its environment had on Christianity? in words that seem to conflict with his earlier (7) What bearing do the processes by which Christianity statement in the Introduction and in Chapter One where he "has endeavored to conform to that kind spread have upon the effect of Christianity upon its environment and of the environment upon Chris- tianity? of objectivity extolled by the school of history in • A History of the Expansion of Christianity (Vol. 1): The First which he has been trained." That school appar- Fioo Centuries. By Kenneth Scott Latourette. Harper & Bros., New York. 1937. 412 pp. ,$3.50. t Oounterfeit Miracles-Benjamin B. Warfield.

[573 ]

ently accepted the Evolutionary hypothesis that who had been the intimates of Jesus. Whatever "religion is a comparatively late phenomenon in the cause, that the stream flowed on is clear. It the life of mankind"; that a creature which may . is the uniqueness of Jesus which seems the one be termed human emerged about 1,200,000 years tenable explanation of the fact that Christianity ago (page 2); that "the Israelites thought of is the only one of the many Jewish sects to break Jahweh, their God, as a tribal divinity" (page 33) ; off from the parent stem and outstrip it in size that belief in personal immortality developed and influence. . . . In Jesus, therefore, and in slowly and late in Israel (p. 36); and that "frag- his death and the conviction of his resurrection ments of discourses, pithy sayings, parables, and and of moral and spiritual rebirth and immor- incidents, some of them put together without re- tality through him, is to be found the chief reason gard for the correct sequence, make up large por- for the triumph of Christianity. Without Jesus tions of the first three Gospels and the fourth is Christianity would not have sprung into existence, chiefly an interpretation" (page 46). And we and from him and beliefs about him came its main see our David in Saul's armor again when he dynamic."

writes: "The question is often raised as to what It is cause for regret that in the treatment of was new in the teachings of Jesus. For prac- Apostolic Christianity the historian failed to emtically all, if not all, of the specific precepts and phasize the axiom laid down by Mandell Creighton beliefs attributed to him it is possible to find in his introduction to the Cambridge Modern Hisprecedent in the pre-Christian literature of his tory (Vol. I, p. 5): "In the vast and diversified people. What Jesus did was to penetrate into the area of modern history the point of view deterheart of the moral and religious concepts which mines the whole nature of the record or else the he had inherited from the past and to pick out whole work sinks to the level of a mass of details what seemed to him essential. He performed this uninformed by any luminous idea. The writer not in any systematic fashion. He wrote no book who strives to avoid any tendency becomes dull, in which he attempted to give permanence to his ideas. . . . The novelty of Jesus must be sought, and the cult of impartiality paralyses the judgnot so much in fresh principles, but in his phraseology, in what he emphasized, and espec~ally in ment." what he was as revealed in his words and deeds.~' In the extensive and valuable annotated bibliog- raphies for each chapter we miss, for the earlier chapters, well-known conservative evangelical Naturalistic Explanations scholars both on the history of religion and on the It is refreshing to find the author himself Apostolic age while the extreme liberal school of wholly dissatisfied with such naturalistic explana- thought is conspicuous. One receives the imprestions when he sums up the reasons 'for the tri- sion of a certain lukewarmness that is incon- gruous in the portrayal of Christ our Lord and umphs of the Gospel at the close of chapter four: Paul his great missionary Apostle. There is no "The more one examines into the various factors substitute for the missionary passion even in mis- which seem to account for the extraordinary vic- sion history.

tory of Christianity, the more one is driven to No reader will find the style of this work dull search for a cause which underlies them. It is or the treatment uninteresting. The only other clear that at the very beginning of Christianity history of missions comparable to it is that of there must have occurred a vast release of energy, Harnack which covers only the early centuries and unequalled in the history of the race. Without it has long been out of print in America. The chief the future course of the faith is inexplicable. value of these scholarly chapters on the early his- That burst of energy was ascribed by the early tory of Christianity lies in the interpretations disciples to the founder of their faith. Something which Dr. Latourette makes of the facts so care- happened to the men who associated with Jesus. fully collated and documented. It is a philosophy In his contact with them, in his crucifixion and in as well as a history of missions. What the Roman their assurance of his resurrection and of the con- Catholic historian, Schmidlin, indicated in a para- tinued living presence with his disciples of his graph is here expanded and illuminated, namely spirit, is to be found the major cause of the suc- the difference between early, medieval and mod- cess of Christianity. That experience and that ern missions. During the first five hundred years assurance were transmitted to succeeding genera- the area cove_red by Christian missions was the tions. Why this occurred may lie outside the Mediterranean basin and the Church had a narrow realms in which historians are supposed to move. and insecure base for a wide ·field of action. Dur- One reason is probably to be found in the contin- ing the medieval period the area included all .ued study of the earliest written records of Chris- Europe from a broader and firmer base. Modern tianity and in the effort to preserve intact the missions has crossed the. seven seas and reached belief and the experience of the circle of apostles out to all races. Early missions were largely spon-

THE FIRST FIVE CENTURIES OF CHRISTIANITY

taneous, incidental and individual in their method; councils, although both have their place. It is not medieval missions conducted by a church hier- concerned primarily with the decline of the Roman archy were cooperative and social; modern mis- Empire, nor with the result of Gothic invasions. sions, both Catholic and Protestant, are both indi- It traces the mighty work of God's Spirit through vidual and social. Early missions had for their the Church and individual believers to the conobj ect peoples of like race and culture; medieval summation of His eternal purpose. The end of missions dealt with like races but of lower culture; the first five hundred years is prophetic of the modern missions have approached all races of onward march. Dr. Latourette says: every level of culture. Early missions aimed at the conversion of individuals; medieval missions In our hurried pilgrimage through the first five censought the conversion of the masses; modern mis- turies of the spread of Christianity we have watched that sions deal with both and with the social structure faith moulded by element after element of its environment. of society. Left to begin its career with a minimum of organization, without a literature, and with no formulre with which to The periods into which this magnum opus is di- define and defend its content, and thrust into a world in vided are therefore logical as well as chronolog- which syncretism was the fashion, Christianity might well ical. The author has the rare talent, exhibited in have seemed foredoomed to absorption and to lose whathis earlier History of Christian Missions in China, ever distinctiveness it may have inherited from the teachof an unprejudiced judgment together with true ing and the story of the life, death, and resurrection of catholic sympathy for all sorts and conditions of its founder. . . . Christians. Amid the mass of factual detail he never loses hold of his central theme and argu- At the close of its fifth century of expansion Christianment, namely, the gradual expansion of Christian- ity was in a very different position than at its outset. ity as Divine light and leaven in the world. This From being one of the smallest of Jewish sects, it had beis not a history of dogma, nor of ecclesiastical come the religion professed by the majority in the most populous of the cultural areas of mankind. Never in the history of the race had so complete a religious revolution been wrought in so short a time among so large a propor- tion of civilized man.

MY AFRICAN FATHER* My father's children did not love him. They feared him very much. My sisters feared him even more than we boys. If we offended him, such as drinking the dregs of his palm wine or standing near any of his wives, he thrashed us unmercifully. We dared not lift our eyes when he was near.

When he was a young man he became a hunter. After he excelled in shooting he swore an oath that he would not marry until he had killed a man of the Bakembe clan; so he went to the witch-doctor whose advice he followed. After he had prepared the war feast, the war- riors, the only ones invited, ate and danced in their ceremonial dress. Then my father took his gun and crossed the river to the Bakembe clan. He stealthily walked to a certain hut and removed the bark that closed it. There lay a man and his wife, fast asleep. He prayed to his gun, "Oh gun, pick off this man and this woman!" The gun sounded. It killed the sleepers. Immediately the hut caught fire and the whole family perished-not one was left to plant a lily bulb (commonly used to exorcise evil spirits). When he returned to his village he danced and sang the songs of warriors for which he was given much goods. With this he obtained his first wife.

Later, my father became a great "medicine man" and a priest of both the Nge and Urn cults. He sacrificed his mother to become a priest of the Nge.

Father married twenty-four wives, but he allowed only one of them to cook his food for fear of poisoning. When the sun was high in the heavens his favorite wife would set a stool out in the street of our village. There my father sat down while she brought hot water, bathed and rubbed his body with redwood powder. One day he killed his brother because he took from him one of his wives.-Zacheus Body-hardened.

i * Drum Call, West Afl'ica i_______.._______________________________ _

Work in

The Rev. MIGUEL RIZZO JR., Sao Paulo, Brazil Pastor and Recently Moderator of the Presbyterian Church ~._ of Brazil; a delegate to the Centenary Celebration of the Presbyterian Church in the U. S. A.

T HE history of the evangelization of Brazil Presbyterian Church, in the capital of the country, could be divided into three phases: first, has been one of the greatest missionary agencies efforts made by 'the French in the sixteenth of South Brazil. He organized the first theological century; second, beginnings made by the Dutch class from which came three preachers who did in the seventeenth century; and third, the definite a very considerable amount of work. He wrote establishment of the work started by American sermons which fed the piety of the first converts.

missionaries in the nineteenth century. He published a journal which is yet a model The first two attempts would furnish abundant worthy to be imitated by the modern evangelical material for many very interesting narratives, but press. All this work was done in the short period the specific purpose of this article does not permit of eight years. He died when he was thirty-four me to write more than a .few words on that sub- years old, but his blessed memory is still highly ject. venerated by all evangelical workers of Brazil.

The first evangelical preachers and lay workers Many other American missionaries have folwho landed in Brazil were sent by the Reformed lowed and have been working earnestly at the Church of Geneva. The French Government was side of national preachers for years. The work then in possession of the country, recently dis- established on such solid foundations has reached covered. These pioneers were martyred by Vil- considerable proportions. The Presbyterian legagnon, a cruel adventurer who found that the Church of Brazil has now 1275 preaching stations Protestant preachers, whom he himself had called with 330 church buildings, 294 organized to Brazil, were not servile instruments to carry churches, and 144 ordained preachers. It receives, out his political program of oppression against the on an average, 2500 new members every year and inhabitants; he therefore persecuted and put has 35,199 communicant members and 30,114 chilthem to death. dren on its rolls. The Sunday schools include 3183 teachers and 39,476 pupils. The theological semi- The record of the noble courage and unbroken nary in Campinas has 37 students and seven fidelity of these preachers, although written in teachers, while more than 80 other students are blood, is one of the brightest pages of the religious preparing to go to the seminary. For many years heritage of Brazil. the Presbyterian Seminary of Pernambuco has The efforts of the Dutch Christians were more been sending many preachers to northern Brazil.

successful. They organized a Synod with more Almost all churches and missionary stations under than twenty preachers, established schools and the control of the Presbyterian Church in central did much social service on behalf of the poor and and south Brazil are now supplied by graduates sick. When they were expelled from the country of the seminary at Campinas.

by the Portuguese all the evangelical work they A missionary society, sponsored by the Church, had built up vanished. The Jesuits who came after supports a missionary in Portugal and hopes to them have tried to defame them and to discredit send another to that country next year.

the great work they established. When the history In order to understand the real opportunities of the nation is written from a critical and un- and the great needs of the Brazilian evangelical partial point of view their work will appear in a field, we must have in mind, among other things, clear light. The rehabilitation of their memory the following facts: is already being promoted by expert historians. In many regions of the country new areas are After these two unsuccessful efforts in estab- being populated so that the traveler who a few lishing a permanent evangelical work came the years .ago passed through some of these regions American missionaries. The first of them was the will be surprised to see the hamlets and villages Rev. Ashbel Green Simonton, who landed in the where previously he had seen only forest. A field he had chosen in 1859. There he organized a popular expression in Brazil is that, in certain really great work. Through many years the First zones, "cities are sprouting out quickly." This [576 ]

EVANGELICAL WORK IN BRAZIL

growth offers a great opportunity to the churches. ficult part of the Gospel. His letter shows clearly In many of these regions the Roman Catholic that his mind is preoccupied with religious prob- Church has not the same influence it exerts in lems.

other places. When this church begins work at Another fact: a few months ago I was inviter!

the same time as the Protestants we generally to visit an engineer high up in one of the depart- have advantages. Experience shows that many ments of the Government. He wished to present people, moving into a new place, are more ready a subject which could better be studied at his to hear the Gospel. Some of the settlers of new home. I went to his house and he explained that regions have lived in cities whe"'e it was n.ot easy before her marriage his wife had intended to be a to hear a Protestant preacher because they had nun and that all her family were very devout.

to face the criticism of friends 'and relatives who He had in his library a Bible which she read; im- could not understand h.ow anyone could leave the mediately her conception of religion changed. She religion of his father. Moving to a new place, was in great trouble because she could n.ot now these people find themselves in a new environment accept the teachings which for so long had been in which the obstacles to hinder attendance at the guide of her life. She even thought that her Protestant services are much fewer than where spiritual trouble must be a temptation of the they formerly lived. In regions recently opened devil. She went many times to see her priest but up, evangelical work is growing c.onsiderably. If he could not answer her questions satisfactorily.

we can use efficiently such opportunities as these, She finally asked him about her new view of the new cities now being organized will be very Christ, and he said: "The Christ you are intro- different spiritually and morally from the older ducing to me is a Protestant Christ." She had cities where it is so difficult to preach the Gospel never talked with a Protestant but now she be- because the people are proud to be "tl'!aditional" came curious to meet one. That was the reason I Roman Catholics. had received the invitation to visit the husband.

1. Brazilian evangelists are working actively She and her children are now connected with my in some of the new areas. Many Presbyterian church and, through her, the door seems to be missionaries are opening the way into the far in- opening to many .others in high places in the city.

terior and are establishing work even in places Still another fact: at a religious meeting in where the population is very scattered. one of the churches of Sao Paulo a lady was taken 2. Another fact worth while considering is that ill during the service. We found that there were many years ag.o great numbers .of German im- six medical doctors in the audience. That is remigrants came to Brazil and brought their pastors markable when we remember tha;t the Roman with them. The religious service was conducted Catholic Church is doing all it can to prevent in German, which now, in many cases the children people from attending Protestant churches.

do not understand. They are Protestants but they The manager of the largest bookstore in the cannot understand the service conducted still in city where I live is a regular attendant at our the language .of their fathers. In one region oc- meetings. He told me that now they are selling cupied by our missionaries there are tens of thou- more religious books, imported from France, than sands of people in such condition. One of the ever before. Most of these books are written by missionaries, Rev. Harry P. Midkiff, has now Protestant preachers. , thirty-five congregati.ons in .one of these new I could state many other instances, but theRe areas and many more places offer opportunities are sufficient to show that among the intellectual f.or preaching; but a man must not attempt to classes of Brazil there is now more interest in cover too much ground. Can the Church be in- the religious question than ever before. Even different to the spiritual destiny of such a multi- in the Roman Cattholic Church we can observe a tude? change in the attitude toward the evangelical 3. The intellectual classes of Brazil are now churches. There are, of course, still many perse- cutions. A few months ago two of our buildingR more inclined to listen to the Gospel. A few months before leaving Brazil, I received were burned-one in Alpinopolis, Minas, and the a call from a person sent by one of the intellectuals other in Pinheiros, Pernambuco. But generally of the country who had been president of the the educated priests do not now use against the State and is recognized as an outstanding de- Protestants the expressions they formerly did. fender .of the Roman Catholic Church. He sent Recently one of the outstanding priests delivered his representative to ask me to interpret a passage a great eulogizing speech about Erasmo Braga, a of the Bible. He explained that he had already very well known minister, before a selected audimade the same request of many of the cultured ence in the Municiple Theatre of Sao Paulo.

priests of the city and they had not succeeded in 4. Besides the Presbyterian Church there are giving him a satisfactory explanation of that dif- many other Protestants working in Brazil. The

total constituency,according to the last statistics people is remarkably developed. The Sunday is 200,000 communicant members; generally there School is generally very wen attended by young are families and relatives and friends who through people and adults. Many of the churches have a them receive their religious influence, so that it very well organized work in religious education. seems to me that it is not an exaggerated The habit of family worship is not so widely estimate to multiply that number by five. This spread as it should be, but many families are very makes a million persons in Brazil under indirect scrupulous in maintaining it. There are in all the influence of the Gospel. The population of Brazil churches groups of strong Christians and they is over forty-two millions so that the quantity of have a blessed influence on the whole. salt is yet very little in proportion to the mass it must season. If we want to win the country to The ancient name of the country of Brazil was Christ we have before us a task of gigantic pro- "Land of the Holy Cross." We hope that this name portions. But we surely will face that duty. in the future may be applied to it, not as a geo- graphical designation, but as a symbol of the Such facts speak for the spiritual life of the power of the Christ of the Cross to redeem the Church in Brazil. The missionary spirit of souls of its children.

Forty Miles from a Hospital-in U. S. A.

FIFTEEN years ago, fired by the needs of a The story of those adventurous years can only remote neighborhood in the Tennessee hills, a woman opened a two-bed "hospital" in an be hinted at here. There were day and night calls unpainted shack without furnace or plumbing. The little village was far from railroads, and the in all weathers; swollen streams that must be main highway was a hog-wallow after rains. But there were wild trails and one-room cabins forded on horseback or muleback; canyons too DR. MARY CRAVATH WHARTON steep and rocky for even a mule to find footing.

aplenty, with typhoid, tuberculosis, pellagra and Patients were brought in from long distances on hookworm,burns, broken bones and gunshot wounds. extemporized stretchers; babies were delivered Pooling her resources with those of two by the light of log fires. Many homes lacked the friends, she put up a $6,000 building-chartered under the State Charities Act and irrevocably most primitive conveniences, or what we call nededicated to public welfare and community service. Everything was very simple and plain. The cessities; yet out of such homes are coming back country was still "the wilderness"; the nearest hospital was forty miles distant. splendid specimens of young manhood and wom- anhood.

Working under its own Board of Directors, Up- lands-for so the institution was christened-has undertaken a many-sided piece of definitely Chris- tian rural betterment work at Pleasant Hill, and has carried it on with unflagging zeal in the face of formidable difficulties. Clinics and dispensaries, public health teaching, inoculations, the care and feeding of babies, first aid, home nursing, and the growing and canning of vegetables to correct the traditional diet of dried beans and cornbread -all have a place in its constantly expanding program. What this harbor of refuge has meant to hundreds, stricken by sudden illness or in- volved in the accidents common to the mountains, can never be told. The work is Christian but non- denominational, and supported largely by volun- tary contributions. It has grown to a health cen- ter with ten buildings, thirty hospital beds, an x-ray machine, and a corps of trained workers.

It is still c-arried on by its founder, Dr. May Cravath Wharton, whose ability, devotion, and vision, together with her record of achievement, are convincing evidence that its work has only begun. DORA READ GOODALE.

Pleasant Hill, Tennessee.

the Midst of European

By PROFESSOR ADOLF KELLER, D.D., Geneva Secretary of the Central Bureau for Inter-Church Aid for the Evangelical Churches of Europe T HE peace and tranquillity of the Christian in labor circles, an anti-god or godless movement Churches have come to an end in Europe. has sprang up, as one can see in Russia and Spain. The Church idyll is over. It may still exist in some hidden corners, in remote villages, in What does this mean? It means that the Church countries far away from the thoroughfare of of Christ is no longer made up of the majority of modern ideologies and conflicting political powers. the population in modern nations, but represents On the crossroad of the life and thought of the again, as in the time of the Roman Empire, the European nations the Churches have to fight for liWe flock, a minority struggling for its life their material and spiritual existence. against modern indifferentism and secularism. This minority is ridiculed by the modern skep- There are only a few countries on the European ticism which prevails in many of the cultured Continent where nation and Church are more or class as well as in labor circles; the masses are less identical and where most of the citizens also advised by them to "leave heaven to the sparrows members of the churches. This may be the case and to the parsons." in certain Roman Catholic states and in the Scan- If Christianity is no longer a predominant dinavian countries. In Norway, for instance, the Church Government or administration is identical power in many countries, it becomes again, as in with the State Department. In Sweden nobody primitive Christianity, a missionary group. The could, until recent times, just leave one Church missionary task disappeared or was forgotten without entering another one. In Finland, 99% where the Church comprised a majority of the people, where everybody by birth or by custom of the nation are members of the National Lu- was a more or less active or convinced member theran Church. The relation between State and of the Church. Today the Church is again con- Church is hardly a problem or a conflict in these fronted in the midst of "Christian lands" with her countries. original missionary task. The Gospel must again But even in certain Roman Catholic countries be preached, not only to the heathen in dark con- like France and Italy, a large part of the nation tinents, but to millions of modern heathen who has given up church membership or active par- have been baptized or educated as Christians, but ticipation in church life. In France, for instance, for whom Christianity has lost its meaning. the Roman Catholic Church claims not more than The new missionary task with which the Church ten millions out of forty-one millions of the inhabitants; the Protestants count hardly one mil- is confronted is taken up afresh by the Churches lion. Where are the other thirty millions of the themselves and by religious groups who undertake French people? Germany counts officially forty a preaching mission similar to that sweeping over millions of Protestants out of sixty-five million the United States. The Confessional Church in inhabitants. But before Hitler came into power Germany actually considers ,the German people as her first missionary field. A special committee one could count sixteen millions of Socialist and under Herr von Thadden is organizing "Evan- Communist votes and it is well known to what gelical weeks" in the large cWes for bringing extent the Christian Church lost membership in again the Gospel to the land of the Reformation. continental Labor. A French student of theology, These gatherings draw new thousands in the A. Reymond, lived six months as a worker in fac- largest churches and assembly halls who wished tories of French industrial cities and made a study their evangelical witness to off-set the vague naof the religious conditions in the labor class. His tional religion which hardly deserves the name of impressions were that the large majority of the being an offspring of Luther's faith. These French labor classes not only have given up church "Evangelical weeks," the largest missionary propmembership but they no longer know what :the aganda undertaken in Germany, were continued Gospel is or what Christ means for mankind. until the Government forbade them and put the leaders in prison. Wherever Marxism and Bolshevism, with their materialistic philosophy have become predominant The voice of the German Churches could not be [ 579 ]

silenced by such administrative measures. The the thesis that confession is allowed but that pub- Christian people hear the Evangelical message lic discussion and propaganda of religion is forfrom the pulpit, in private assemblies and by a bidden. living and encouraging witness mouth to mouth. The Church in Germany shows in these times of The same thesis is found in the Bolshevist reliconflict that she lives alone on the Word of God gious legislation and its interpretation by the Boland recognizes no other Sovereign than her Lord, shevist party. Religious propaganda, therefore Jesus Christ. The former compromise between evangelization and missions, are prohibited in Church and State which led the German theo- Russia while atheistic propaganda is allowed. logian Richard Rothe to the thesis that the Church This prohibition is only one aspect of a religious would be dissolved in the State, has come to an persecution. The law, especially the new constiend and now the Church is drawing a clear bound- tution, does not speak of it. Religious liberty is ary line between her divine message and its im- granted on paper, but in practice the elements of plications and the claims of Caesar. The Church a religious persecution are seen in the following recognizes the State as a divine order to which facts: The importation of the Bible into Soviet she owes obedience according to God's law, but Russia is prohibited; the free preaching of the she refused to betray the Gospel to a State phi- Gospel is prohibited; thousands of priests, bishlosophy or a modern pagan or half-pagan myth, ops and Protestant ministers have been killed, such as it is developed in Rosenberg's "Myth of banished, or sent to the concentration camps in the Twentieth Century" and in other modern na- Siberia and near the White Sea. All religious tionalistic religious movements. education before the eighteenth year is forbidden. Innumerable Church buildings have been alien- Evidently, it needs that peculiar courage which ated from their religious use and are transformed faith has always shown to defy a totalitarian into museums, cinemas, assembly halls, variety State and to remind the omnipotent State that the theatres or are so heavily taxed that the congre- Lord is God and the Supreme Sovereign. This gation has had to give them up, as is the case courage has awakened new leaders like Barth, with the last Reformed Church in Odessa. Of Dibelius, Koch, Niemoller and many others who two hundred Lutheran pastors working in Russia say again with Luther: "Here I stand, I can no before the Revolution, today only five or six are other." They prefer to go to prison rather than still in their villages and nearly every week their betray their faith. Persecution has quickened the friends in Western countries receive letters aclife of faith and isolation gives back to the Church cording to which new arrests take place. her original independence from the world. From an external point of view the Church in In Italy a similar philosophy of a Fascist State Russia has come to an end although hundreds of seems to have concluded a compromise with the church buildings are still open in the large cities Roman Catholic Church which has a privileged and are crowded on Sundays. The official strucposition and accepted a large endowment of 1700 ture of the Church is shaken; the patriarchate, millions lire in the famous Lateran Treaties of the Synod, the Episcopate, the theological acad- 1929. But a compromise in spiritual matters al- emies, the influence on public life. But it is a ways contains germs of future conflicts. Already wonderful and paradoxical experience that the it becomes manifest that Church and State in Church today is saved by the Russian Christian Italy are becoming two rival and competing pow- mothers. They are the most influential and faithers in the sphere of education and marriage. Mus- ful missionaries of the present time. They teach solini tried to escape a conflict by establishing his their children, often in a very elementary way, doctrine of the "two sovereignties"-that of the what the Church can no longer teach and they State for temporal matters and that of the Church continue the faith and Christian tradition of that for matters spiritual. He has shown much diplo- deeply religious people. These simple farmersmatic skill in meeting the spiritual claims of the poor, uncultured, despised people–have a large Church and not only granted her the privilege of share in the spiritual revival which exists among being the national religion, but introduced the the Russian people today. The Russian writer, New Testament into the schools and concluded a Berdjaev, declares that Bolshevism is the child favorable concordat with the Vatican. At the between Marxism and the deep religious mystisame time he granted religious liberty to the cism of the -Russian people. Marxism is an out- Protestant minorities, especially the Waldensian, come of Western culture. Mysticism is the natin the treaty, "I Culti Ammessi" in 1929. The ural life of the Russian people and it seems that question today is whether Mussolini can protect Western influence has not been able to overcome for the future the Waldensians from the conse- the great natural gift of religion, even in a crude quences of an unfavorable interpretation of the form, which the Russian soul has maintained for treaties by the Roman Catholic clergy defending centuries. It is to be hoped that the time will come

IN THE MIDST OF EUROPEAN REVOLUTIONS

when the Russian Church can again undertake the The fourth window may be seen in a beginning greatest missionary enterprise in Europe – the of social work within the Orthodox Church. Such evangelization of the Russian people by the Bible social interest in the former mystical, hierarchic and the preaching of the Word of God. and sacramentarian Church might have spared Russia a revolution, as Methodism did to England Already four windows are opening in the Or- in the Eighteenth Century. The beginnings are thodox Church towards Western evangelical Christianity. The first is that the Orthodox weak, but hopeful. Church begins to preach. At our ecumenical con- The Church of Christ is going through dark ferences we have heard more than once a sincere evangelical witness from the mouth of an Ortho- times in these European countries shaken by revdox preacher; where the priests remain silent, olutions, but the Divine light shines in this darkthe laymen, simple men and women, begin to ness and the Church is again going through that preach. In the former Raskol, through the marvelous experience which St. Paul expressed Stundist Movement, the Russian Orthodox Church in the words: "When I am weak, then am I has had a Reformation of her own which could not strong." The revolution has revolutionized men's be quenched and is still alive among the Gospel- inner life and martyrdom, wherever it happened, Christians. has again proved to be the real seed of faith in The second window opens through the theo- Christian churches. logical studies which Orthodox theologians began The Church of Christ has again become the at Western Theological Seminaries. Following little flock, but this little flock is a real Church of such studies these Orthodox theologians have faith. The Church is becoming poor like her shown a remarkable independence. They have not founder who had not whereon to lay his head, but only learned from Protestant theology but have she has become spiritually blessed. She is per- secuted in many places but she feels again that defended and expounded their own faith with an she is bearing the Cross which her Master has original theological skill and sincere conviction. Men like Father Bulgakow, Florowski, Wyszes- carried. lavzev, Cassian, Zander and Zenkowski at the Or- These European Christians are suffering in thodox Academy in Paris, and such theologians as Zankow in Bulgaria, Arseniev in Konigsberg their terrible poverty, in their isolation and perseand Alivisatos in Athens have the merit to have cution. They are the "unknown Christian," opened a new understanding of the Orthodox which the wealthy, powerful and busy Churches Church to Western Protestants. in the West so easily forget. Their answer to the world is silence and martyrdom. They can hardly The third window is opening in the present-day speak. It is, therefore, the task of their happier Youth Movement in the Orthodox Church. It be- but perhaps, less blessed brethren, to speak to came hopeful with the fact that the Western them, to comfort them in their terrible loneliness, Christianity refrained from proselytizing the Or- to strengthen their faith in their vicarious sufferthodox Church, at least that part of it which is ing and to show them that evangelical solidarity collaborating with that Church in the ecumenical which is a privilege and a necessity of the Chrismovement. tian life. Such solidarity was recently declared at Oxford and Edinburgh to be one of the urgent ecumenical tasks of present-day Christianity.

SHALL WE KEEP ON ASKING GOD?

By THE LATE JAMES H. MCCONKEY More than half a century ago George Muller, that prince of intercessors with God, began to pray for a group of five personal friends. After five years one of them came to Christ. In ten years two more of them found peace in the same Saviour. He prayed on for twenty-five years and the fourth man was saved. For the fifth he prayed until the time of his death, and this friend too came to Christ a few months afterward. For this latter friend Muller had prayed almost fifty-two years!

But someone says: "How long shall we pray? Do we not come to a place where we may cease from our petitions and rest the matter in God's hands?" He alone, and not we, must decide when we shall cease from petitioning. We may stop praying for someone because we receive the answer or we stop because we believe God has given His answer. The faith of our heart is as sure as the sight of our eyes, for it is faith in God. More and more as we live the prayer life we come to experience and recognize this God-given assurance, and know when to continue our petitioning.

Dilemma of Japanese

_.•..gf By the REV. T. T. BRUMBAUGH, Tokyo, Japan r;;,··- Missionary of the Methodist Episcopal Church Since 1924 C HRISTIANS and idealists of Japan are "on This is not only a wholesome change from the the spot" of public scrutiny even more at attitude of Christians in all other wars to date, home today than abroad. Every Japanese but it is in great contrast to the positions taken by is required by his Government, and the people who other religious and cultural bodies in Japan.

support it und.er the Constitution of 1868, to give Without exception, Japan's thirteen religious sects absolute and unquestioning obedience to the na- of Shinto have been vigorously supporting the tion and its rulers. The highest moral principle nation's military policy on the Asiatic mainland; in the Japanese code of ethics is loyalty to em- they have indeed been centers of the combative peror and empire. Consequently when his gov- nationalism of the past half-dozen years. Bud- ernment, in a crisis such as the present, seeks to dhism also, while never so unrestrained in grati- obtain assurances of loyalty from the various reli- fication of desires, has given unquestioned support gious bodies functioning in the land the National to all Government policies and certain sects and Christian Council of Japan, representing two hun- Buddhist groups have by popular subscription dred thousand Christians of various affiliated de- raised large funds for the purchase of airplanes nominations, feels obliged to assure Government to be given to the imperial army and navy.

and rulers that the Christian Church "pledges it- In Christian circles the Roman Catholic Church self … to render faithful services to the State." has also recently been very active in assuring the None who read farther into this recent declara- authorities of its unswerving loyalty to the Gov- tion of the Japanese National Christian Council ernment in all temporal affairs, this being an can fail to note, however, that there is deep regret effort to overcome the suspicion that has rested in and chagrin that Sino-Japanese relations have Japanese minds ever since Catholicism was drifted into the sorry mess of today. Japanese stamped out of Japan in the sixteenth and seven- Christians feel their own share in responsibility teenth centuries for alleged connivance with Rome for all this; they call for a movement of spiritual and other capitals of temporal power in Europe.

regeneration within Japan, one which may bring Protestants have occasionally taken up the cudgels Christians and non-Christians alike to conscious- for nationalistic expansion on "Deutschland-iiber- ness of guilt as well as to a sense of God's will in alles" patterns; but the unprejudiced observer the present situation. As regards the crisis within cannot fail to observe a much more moderate and Japan they are determined to show the nation and international attitude throughout C h r i s t ian those in the empire's military service that Chris- groups and "spheres of influence" in Japan than tians minister to all those in need, whether physi- is found elsewhere.

calor spiritual, and they join fervently in prayer Christians and other advocates of world fellow- that the conflict may speedily be ended and in ship in Japan today are in a serious dilemma.

such a way as to make for permanent peace and They have been drawn to the Christian faith and friendship between China and Japan. its humanitarian ideals because it seems so ob- All this may sound pitifully inadequate to those vious that only such a world community under a hoping to hear a more positive voice out of Chris- unitary and loving Divine order can solve the stu- tendom; yet anyone recalling the attitude and offi- pendous problems of life in the modern world- cial statements of Christians in America and personal, social, economic, and others. But they Great Britain during the World War may find in are puzzled and baffled by the fact that European this declaration some reason for gratification. and American social and national life, in spite of There is here no breath of hatred for China, no many centuries of Christian background, is not suggestion of national glorification, no attempt to actuated by Christ-like motives. The JapaIese sanctify war. There is, rather, a deep sense of feel themselves the victims of white supremacy remorse that, in spite of Christian and other ideal- throughout the earth, and Christians cannot deny istic efforts for peace, open warfare has come be- it. They see that this form of white imperialism tween Japan and her neighbors, and there is a has been built up htrgely by military power and desire to mitigate the horrors of war while pray- that, whereas certain groups of Christians have ing for its swift conclusion. in recent years been renouncing further aggres- [ 582)] sion by such violence, not one "Christian" nation, ness; considering thyself, lest thou also be or even one sizable group of Christians, has re- tempted. Bear ye one another's burdens and so pudiated its nation's obvious determination to fulfil the law of Christ." keep for 'itself all the advantages acquired so largely by force. This not only applies to the land It is to Christianity's eternal credit that by and available resources of Christian nations, evangelization, education and the natural penetrawhich compare so to Japan's disadvantage with tion of the humanitarian ideals of Jesus the people its vast population and narrow confines, but it is of Japan, China and all other as yet non-Christian especially clear when one compares the standards lands have been awakened to their need of a more of living of Christian peoples in the West with abundant life, material and spiritua1. It will be a those in the Orient. hard blow to Christian prestige if now awakened Japanese decide that Christianity cannot or will The gist of the matter is that Christians in these not undertake to provide for these needs. We may favored lands do not concern themselves with the condemn as unchristian and immoral the methremoval of obvious inequalities and injustices, and ods that Japan is employing in China in her efforts that they and their governments have deliberately to attain her own economic salvation; but if set economic obstacles that hinder the efforts of Christendom cannot indicate and demonstrate a the Japanese to solve their own problems by peace- better way, then our testimony will be to them as ful means. The charge of Japan's nationalists can sounding brass and clanging cymbal. The Christscarcely be refuted, that Christianity and interna- spirit, even when exercising moral restraint as in tional idealism have not been concerned with a the present effort to restrain Japan in Asia, must practical and just solution of Japan's stupendous be redemptive. Let American Christians not problem of feeding seventy millions of people from overlook or neglect the redemptive quality of their a tillable area in Japan proper equivalent to the faith. Western two-thirds of Ohio. WHAT CHINESE CHRISTIANS SAY Christians in Japan also find it difficult to understand an attitude of mind on the part of Western Dr. Chester S, Miao of the National Christian peoples which will complacently tolerate the vast Council of China says: (1) Everyone should do extent of both economic and political imperialism his best to steady the morale of his community that obtains today in China under European and and help to secure peace and order. (2) We American responsibility, and at the same time re- should endeavor to carryon our daily work and gards with such horror all Japanese effort to solve help others to do their regular work. (3) War Japan's economic problem by similar though per- conditions are a breeding ground for rumor and haps more thorough-going methods. Here we note propaganda. Let us do our best to act as agents the difference, if any, between expansion by the for reliable news and for the dissemination of usual methods of economic penetration and that truth. (4) There is no better time than this to openly supported by military force. Japan cannot bring home to our people the Christian message forget that only ten years ago America and Great of the cross of suffering, We need faith to sus- Britain requested Japanese naval cooperation in tain our hope and to endure suffering. (5) Let Nanking to save our nationals and our property us launch a movement in every city for raising from the confusion attendant upon the northward relief funds and needed materials for suffering advance of Chiang Kai-shek's armies. Artillery people. (6) Let us pray for peace and the adbarrages were then laid down around the Stand- vancement of the cause of Christ. (7) Let us ard Oil compound to protect Occidental lives and show that we love justice and seek to manifest the property with a disregard for Chinese life and love of God. interests not unlike that for which Japan's army and navy are condemned today. The Chinese Christian leader, Mr. C. K. Lee, gave this answer to a student who asked why we In brief, Japanese lovers of peace and world fel- should teach Christianity to China when it has the lowship are in a tight place. They are opposed to ethics of Confucianism: any blood-thirstiness in their national program but they are truly and proudly Japanese. Perhaps "There are three reasons. First of all, Conwe have expected too much of a nation only sev- fucius was a teacher and Christ is a Saviour. enty-five years out of feudalism and a careful China needs a Saviour more than she needs a pupil of western forms of national development. teacher. In the second place, Confucius is dead It would seem to one acquainted with the New Tes- and Christ is alive. China needs a living Saviour. tament that Western Christians might well recall In the third place, Confucius is some day going to Paul's injunctions to the Galatians: "Brethren, stand before Christ to be judged by Him. China if a man be overtaken in a fault, ye which are needs to know Christ as Saviour before she meets spiritual restore such an one in the spirit of meek- Him as Judge."

Working by Love in

The Story of the Omi Brotherhood I _•..e/ By WINBURN T. THOMAS, Tanaka, Kyoto, Japan I Ji.- O NE of the most interesting places to visit in Christian work. This might have sent other less Japan is a small village in the province of enterprising evangelists back to America; but Omi, an hour from Kyoto. While the not so young Vories. He determined to give up country is rich in picturesque scenes and in his- his teaching salary and to remain in Hachiman toric treasures, many tourists, with only a few until he had helped his young disciples to a,ttain days to spend in Japan, take time to visit this spiritual maturity. The situation forced him to town on the shores of Lake Biwa. These visitors become an independent, self-supporting missioncome to see the Omi Brotherhood, "a nonsectar- ary. ian experiment in rural evangelization." A Yale University professor, who had seen the work, ex- Some of his young Japanese friends stood by claimed, "It is one of the most interesting social Vories, sharing their school allowances until outexperiments in the history of Christianity." An side aid arrived; one of the young students American philanthropist said, "This is the most shared his room with his teacher. Some of these interesting missionary story I have ever heard." young men are today active members of the A French atheist after spending several weeks in Brotherhood; their fidelity is much like that of the village wrote, "I have never seen or heard Japanese retainers for their lords.

anything like this. You really believe. Although I haven't yet a consciousness of God or an understanding of Jesus Christ, I could join your Broth- hood today, believing in you."

The Omi Brotherhood is no new form of monasticism, for it is very much a part of the world's life. It conducts a successful business; its mem- bers speak over the radio; it carries on evangel- istic work over a large area. Instead of being wholly Japanese, it includes among its workers, Americans, Koreans, Chinese, and nationals from other countries. While members of the Brother- VORIES, YOSHIDA, NURATA, H. SATO, MIYAMOTO, KOGHO hood refrain from the use of tobacco and alcohol WHO WERE TOGETHER IN THE ACADEMY IN 1905 stimulants, they are not ascetic. In a country (Photo taken in 1930) where even Christianity is too often looked upon Fortunately Mr. Vories had studied architec- as a festal observance, a life insurance for the ture and it was not long before he received some future world, theological speculation, or a matter small commissions to design and erect mission of sectarian loyalty, the Omi Brotherhood repre- buildings. Later he became so busy that he was sents Christian life and the purpose of the group obliged to engage a staff of assistants. In the is experimentally to demonstrate the power of thirty-two years since the establishment of this Christ in daily life and conduct. Brotherhood, Mr. Vories and his assistants have Over thirty years ago, William Merrell Vories designed over a thousand buildings, including came to Japan to teach English in a government some as large and well known as the Daimaru de- academy at Hachiman. Not content with in- partment store in Osaka. A score of draftsmen structing the boys in his native tongue he started are busy in the Omi Hachiman office and branch a Bible class. This move went unnoticed until offices are maintained in Tokyo and Osaka. The some of the boys decided to become Christians. vast evangelistic program centered about this vil- Later money was provided for the erection of a lage has been carried on with the aid of Vories'

Y. M. C. A. in which to carryon Christian activi- "little pencil." Not only has the income from this ties. When the building was nearly completed branch of the work enabled him to finance its the opposition was so great that Mr. Vories was evangelistic program, but the office has intro- asked to resign from the school or to give up his duced many badly needed housing reforms.

[584 ] The next project undertaken was to provide vised by Dr. Vories, all strictly observe Sunday, a building materials and equipment. This neces- practice hardly known in Japan. In some cases sitated the organization of the Omi Sales Com- this has resulted in one day in seven being granted pany which imports and manufactures hardware, as a holiday for all employees, notably in the case refrigerators, household furnishings, and other of one of the large department stores. The Brotherhood factory at Omi Hachiman demon- LUNCH TIME AT THE KINDERGARTEN, OMI MISSION strates Christian commercial principles. Em- ployees are treated and paid as though they were modern equipment. Probably the most profitable children of God rather than as economic slaves venture was acceptance of the Oriental sales to be exploited. The workers receive the benefit agency for Mentholatum. Japanese druggists at of city wages while remaining in the country. first refused to handle ,the product, but it has now become almost a household necessity throughout Some results of the mission work of the Broth- Japan. Two small incidents show how wide- erhood are seen in its churches, Y. M. C. A., gymspread its use has become. One day while the nasium, and sanitorium. One of the finest tuberwriter was visiting a movie studio, a leading lady culosis hospitals in Japan, conducted by the misfell and bruised her arm during the "shooting" sion, is located at the foot of a hill overlooking a of a scene. Immediately one of her fellow ac.tors plain that leads to Lake Biwa. One day a memcalled to the "makeup" girl, "Bring the Menthol- ber of the Brotherhood was told that he had tuberatum." Again, at a country hotel, when a mem- culosis. To care for him and similar cases the ber of our party accidently slipped on a rock and first section of a sanitorium was constructed; bruised his hands, a maid produced a small can this has now developed into a modern hospital of this salve and all was well. When the packages with thirty workers and eighty-five beds. Docof Mentholatum are put up by the Brotherhood, tors estimate that one person in seven (some say a Bible verse and an invitation to correspond are as many as one in three) in Japan is a tubercuincluded in each package. As a result many Jap- losis case, but many have good prospects for reanese have been led to Christ. covery.

Evangelism and business are united in the The Brotherhood is non-sectarian, and its memmembers of the Brotherhood, and the two forms bers are free to join any denomination they of work are carried on side by side. On the sec- choose, but the local Congregational church is ond floor of the general offices in Omi Hachiman, the newspaper evangelism and publication depart- THE TUBERCULOSIS SANITARIUM-OMI HACHIMAN ments are conducted. Several full-time workers are busy preparing Christian magazines and most closely connected with the work. This conbooks, and in sending out Bible lessons and litera- nection dates from Dr. Vories' earliest days in ture to those who inquire about Christianity or Japan when he was invited to speak on Sunday who are taking correspondence courses. mornings to a small group of persons who gath- ered in a private home for worship. Within a These various business enterprises, begun only as a means of financing the evangelistic work, have been the direct means of promoting evangelism. Even in the building operations,super-

few years this group was able to erect a chapel One unusual feature of the work is the "Galiand to call a minister. One of the unusual things lee Maru," a motor launch used on Lake Biwa. about the work is that a collection is never taken About 100 Brotherhood workers carry their acat the meetings; those who wish to contribute tivities into six other places around the lake, condrop their offerings into a small receptacle at the ducting church services, Sunday Schools, Y. M. rear of the auditorium. The congregation has C. A.'s, kindergartens, cooperatives, and agriculgrown so that the worship services were recently tural conferences and experiments. transferred to the large gymnasium of the community house, in the front part of which there is The Omi Brotherhood expresses William Mera day nursery and a kindergarten. rell Vories' dream of a "complete independent mission enterprise, of such a variety of activities as will reach all classes of people in a given local- ity and will develop its own support on the field." In the Omi-Hachiman area of 1,616 square miles, with a population of 700,000 living in one city and 1,376 towns and villages, the Brotherhood's aim is- IN THE MENTHOLATUM PACKING ROOM 1. To preach and practice the Gospel of Christ without reference to denominational differences. A comparatively recent innovation of the Brotherhood work is a girls' high school. The 2. To completely unify the work in a fellowship of all higher education of Japanese boys has been taken workers, regardless of nationality or race. care of by government institutions, but girls have been left to shift for themselves after graduation 3. To evangelize communities unoccupied by any other from grammar school. To care for their needs Mission, and under no circumstances to overlap with the in Omi province a former residence was remod- work of such a Mission. eled and a girls' high school begun with an enrollment of about fifty young women. Three separate 4. To evangelize rural communities, as the most conbuildings house the dormitory, dining hall and servative element of mankind and the most probable source class rooms. of leadership.

The most recent building is a new Y. M. C. A., 5. To seek, enlist and train leaders and Christian workwhere the work is in the hands of a full-time sec- ers. retary and where classes are conducted for the village and Academy boys. 6. To promote social betterment-including temperance, social purity, Christian marriage customs, industrial, physical and sanitary reforms, and definite work for the neglected classes.

7. To study and experiment with new methods of Chris- tian evangelization.

The Japanese authorities that formerly perse- cuted and opposed the work of the Brotherhood are now loudest in the praise of Dr. Vories for through his efforts, he has put Hachiman on the map, has employed a large number of its people, and is gradually raising the economic, moral and religious level of its citizens.

"GENTLEMEN OF THE JURY!"

Some years ago a prominent French jurist was attorney for a murderer. In his final address to the jury he said: "Gentlemen of the jury! My task is very easy. The accused has confessed; a defense is impossible, and yet· I want to add a .few words. There, on the wall, I see the picture of the Crucified Ch:rist and I pay homage to Him. There hangs the picture, in this hall of justice, where you condemn the guilty. But why do we not hear anything of Him in our public schools to which we send our children? Why does the murderer, for the first time in his life, see the Crucified One here in this hall, wh~re the law will punish him? If the attention of my client had been directed to the Crucified when he sat on the benches of the school, he would not now sit here facing disgrace and infamy. Yes, it is you, gentlemen, whom I accuse. You that brag, with your education and your culture, and yet are barbarous, who spread atheism and lust among the people, and then are astonished when the people reply with crime and vulgarity. Condemn my client, gentlemen. You have a right to do it. But I accuse you; that is my duty."

Naturally Love to

By the REV. JAMES F. RIGGS, New York Field Committee on United Promotion, Presbyterian Church, U. S. A.

W ITH rapt attention the children listened. plan for such instruction, and make it interesting The speaker knew children's interests. He by calling attention to what it does to character, was fascinating. In closing his address he the child responds naturally and gladly. This asked if anyone present wanted to help the cause does not apply to money alone, but to any service of Christian education to continue the work de- rendered as well. Money is merely the tool most scribed. Eagerly the hands went up. Then the frequently used. Stewardship both in theory and minister rose and said, "These children are poor. practice covers many aspects of the Christian ex- They have no money except what working fathers perience.

or mothers provide for them. It is not reasonable Schools of stewardship with classes for youth, to ask them to give to any cause. In fact they stewardship dramas, interesting biographies of need many things themselves." generous givers are all assets in the development The speaker was surprised, as well he might be, of true Christian stewards. Youth learns from since the children did not appear to be in need or them that the giving of self, service, substance, for impovished. However, with a smile he inquired the propagation of the Gospel is not a matter of if he might ask a question. When this permission likes or dislikes. It is an imperative. When was granted he said, "How many of you children properly taught this conception becomes as nat- go to the movies?" Every hand was raised. ural as it is beautiful in the child.

"How many of you go on an average of twice a One church quickened this sense of obligation week?" Many hands shot up. "How many go at to the causes represented by the church program times more often than that?" A few hands were through the making and showing of a set of slides held aloft. Then turning to the pastor he re- on giving. These revealed in the form of charts marked, "I feel sure that it would be no hardship and graphs what the average person spent for for them to share in Kingdom enterprises." luxuries like amusements, tobacco, candy, as con- trasted with the amounts contributed to Church, But two long, searching thoughts filled his mind. Sunday school, Christian Endeavor, etc. The ef- Why do adults deprive children of the privilege of fect of these slides was very convincing. When giving? And why do older people so often pre- this was discussed in Sunday school classes and sent vital work in a manner uninteresting to age groups it resulted in a number of increased youth? pledges accompanied by heightened interest in the cause. Children love to give. They give to what they are interested in. The Church however very gen- Conventional giving is not only w:ithout thrill; er.ally expects interest, but often does not work but is likely to be very short-lived. It will cease creatively to generate it. Usually young people at the first opportunity. The child's money will have not the remotest idea of what they are giv- be absorbed by any secular cause or object which ing to when they drop their offering in the blue is appealing. Children are eager to do what is Sunday school envelope, or in the church collec- interesting. They are right in expecting, if not tion plate. Like their elders they give as a matter requiring, that they should get some degree of of course, as a bit of church routine. Consequently. satisfaction out of the causes which they help to they do so without any enthusiasm.

The Theory and Practice of Stewardship support. They ought.to know why they give, as well as what they give to in supporting church Usually stewardship is not taught in any prac- work. If the basic reasons presented to them are tical way. As a result the rising generation real- stated in terms of life, alert in meeting human izes only in the vaguest possible manner that God needs, the children will respond wonderfully.

is the source of all blessings through the years, There is nothing which appeals more deeply to a including the gift of life itself. As a result all the child than to know that he is meeting a real need.

daily benefits are accepted as a matter of course. Sympathies are ever ready and near the surface It is necessary that stewardship should be taught, in childhood. Youth yearns to do worthwhile and practiced too, if it is to mean anything vital work to help others.

to the child. When parents and teachers have a A far more wonderful response, than is gen- [ 587]

erally the case, will be generated if the principle John D. Rockefeller, Jr., say that in the next genof learning by doing is used to acquaint the on- eration we shall have no more concentrated coming generation with the causes to which they wealth, it is essential that the Church build up a contribute. An intermediate group was expected multitude of small but vitally interested givers. to aid in the support of the mission boat "Prince- In days to come their interest will make them ton," which ministers in so many and varied ways "pillars" of the Church. on the tooth-like Alaskan coast. As the youngsters knew very little of the "Princeton," or the Young people today are more versatile and more work it was doing, their giving was sluggish and mature for their years than in any previous genhad never reached the amount pledged. Often the eration. Youth marches on! May it be with the offering was "forgotten"; or just a few pennies Church – because their imaginations and hearts were given. However, when a manual training have been captured by the challenge of bringing teacher agreed to help the group to make a small the abundant life of Christ to underprivileged peomodel of this boat out of scrap materials from the ple. Thus youth may learn to identify itself with department stores, the change in attitude was Kingdom causes. amazing. Boredom and lethargy gave place to the keenest interest. Attendance became almost 1000/0 MESSAGES FROM D. L. MOODY even at week-day meetings. The group devoured eagerly stories of the service rendered by this If you cannot do some great thing, you can do boat. The giving came up without any visible ef- some little thing for Christ. fort or special pledging in excess of the amount pledged. To these intermediates giving became God is ready and willing to work, if we are "alive." It is spontaneous when interest is hehind ready and willing to let Him, and to be used by it. Jesus' words were once more fulfilled, "Where Him. your treasure is there will your heart be also." What we want today is the spirit of consecra- Tested and Helpful Methods tion and concentration. May God pour out His Spirit upon us, and fill us with holy. enthusiasm. Among the other helps in developing interest in benevolences are moving pictures showing the Many people are afraid of the word "enthusiwork supported. These may be secured at nom- asm." Do you know what that word means? It inal expense from many of the Mission Boards. means "in God." The person who is "in God" Dramatic presentations of evangelistic, medical, surely will be filled with enthusiasm. educational work, carried on by children's gifts are also valuable. Missionary progress may also If the Lord sees our faith for those whom we be portrayed dramatically. Animated biographies wish to be blessed, He will honor it. He has not of famous missionaries are often used with excel- disappointed the faith of any of His children yet. lent effect. There are in addition exhibits of curios; and costume meetings in which the cloth- It is far better to get one hundred men to do the ing of the country aided is used by the speaker work than to do it one's self. Only when the rank and ushers.. These educational settings have a and file of the Christian churches are enlisted in very great appeal. active service for Christ will His Kingdom ad- vance as it should. Hand work is always alluring to active boys and girls. Sometimes stories are told while the work In all ages, God has delighted to use the weak is going on. Or the young people may carry out a things. Paul wrote to the Corinthians that GOd visual program in the form of exhibitions of what uses foolish things, weak things, base things, their money accomplishes. One church put on a and things which are not. But if we are leaning series of tableaux of this sort. Another wrote up on God's strength we have more than all the and acted out its entire hooevolence budget with strength of the world. the aid of the young people themselves under the direction of two or three adult advisers. Medical Compare our opportunities of serving God with service was shown by a hospital scene with the those of the early Christians. Look at the mighty children impersonating the doctor, nurse and pa- obstacles they had to encounter and surmount. tient. Education pictured a teacher cooperating Let us grasp these opportunities to serve Him; with a class in working out a special project. then we may expect great things. He will not disappoint us. All these are but forms of the practice of Stewardship. This is essential to the present-day Let us lJot give heed to gloomy and discouragchurch in a changing world. In an era when men ing remarks; in the name of our great Comprominent in financial circles, like J. P. Morgan, mander, let us march on to battle and victory. "Be of good courage and let us behave ourselves valiantly for our people and for the cities of our God; and let the Lord do that which is good in His sight.

African Bishop in

The Story of a Missionary's Journey By R. R. WRIGHT, Jr., Woodstock, Cape Province I Bishop of the African Methodist Episcopal Church 1Ja- ~=-=-=-=-=-====================~ C OMING to South Africa a total stranger to stantly, walking many miles each day. We took people, language and customs, I found it tea in his small cottage, which was a marvel of highly necessary to acquaint myself as cleanliness. quickly as possible with my work, and decided that the only satisfactory way was to travel by Here Mr. Gordon left us and we proceeded to automobile. I was fortunate in getting as chauf- Beaufort West where I was to lay the cornerstone feur a young Zulu, who spoke very correct Eng- of a new church. We found the ceremony post- poned because of the sudden serious illness of the !ish, also Afrikaans, Sesutho, Xosa, Zulu and two aged minister. We visited him and spent the or three other dialects; an expert driver, a good night in the home of an old colored seaman, who mechanic familiar with the geography of South looked like the old-time pirates we read about Africa. We took with us maps, guide book and when we were children, but who, in spite of other books and references; an Afrikaans gram- tattooed arms was indeed a kindly old gentleman mar, dictionary and Bibles in Afrikaans and Eng- and an elder in his church. This was our first lish. We drove from beautiful Capetown through experience of sleeping in a "location"-an area the grape-growing districts of Paarl and Well- just outside a city, set apart by the municipality ington to Bain's Kloof, where we gradually rose for the habitation of natives, and sometimes other to a height of 2,000 feet above sea level. This colored persons; the ground is owned by the city, gave us a fine view of ocean and mountains, and which often builds the houses and the people pay villages lying in the gorgeous valleys. We de- rent to the city. These houses are usually two or scended amidst even more beautiful scenery to three rooms, built of mud in the crudest fashion. Worcester, 82 miles from Capetown where we The supervision is usually in the hands of a white lodged with the Rev. D. P. Gordon, who went as "location manager." As there are over 200 "lo- a missionary to this place thirty-two years ago. cations," one can find all types of character in The result of these years of labor are partly seen these managers, from outrageous exploitation to in a comfortable church building which can seat kindly paternalism. In some "locations" there are 400 people, a three-room school building with 215 a few beautiful homes which the people were alpupils, four teachers, and a mission house of seven lowed to build for themselves. But the fact that rooms. The school is now recognized by the Gov- they cannot own the ground and that they may ernment. Mr. Gordon is now 69 years of age, have to move at any time, is most discouraging. and is honored by all for the Christian service he "Locations" were originally designed for natives has rendered. who were brought out of the country districts, Accompanied by Mr. Gordon, who also has away from their native tribal life to work for the whites, and. whom the whites would not allow to supervision of churches on many farms in the live in their cities. This forced segregation has vicinity, we visited the school at De Wet. Here brought on many problems for which have been were two teachers, with 110 pupils in the one- found no adequate solution. The municipality room church building, which had a dirt floor and gives to each church a plot on which it may build benches for about half the children. All seemed an edifice to be used as a church and school. Naunderfed. I had prayer, said a few encouraging tive education is in the hands of the church at words, consulted with the principal and departed present. With all the efforts of the churches there for De Doorns, fifteen miles away. Here again are hundreds of children out of school and it is I found the same type of building, teachers, equip- estimated that 2,000,000 native children in South ment and pupils. The pastor, Mr. Legolie, an Africa do not go to any school. The problem of earnest man past middle age, with little education, education is indeed large. but with great zeal, had not only organized this little church, but churches on six farms. He had At Kimberley, the diamond city, we found an over 200 members to whom he ministered con- intelligent pastor who had built a new church and [589 ]

planted flowers around it, a very unusual thing. in the South African Council, the South African The churches all joined in welcoming us, and I Institute of Race R~lations, the Bantu Men's SJfound here, as everywhere else, a close bond cf cial Center, and in nearly everything that CJn :-;ympathy between denominations. An Anglican cerns the welfare of the natives around Johannespresided, the white Dutch Reformed minister burg. made the principal address of welcome, and the Dutch Reformed colored band played revival In the Johannesburg gold mining center, called hymns to dance rhythm. Brother Nantlahla gave the Rand, from a third to a half of the world's us the manuscript for the African Methodist gold supply is mined. Here are over a third of a Hymn Book on which the Rev. C. Nyombolo, now million natives taken from every tribe in Sou.h deceased, and he had worked for twenty years. Africa, detribalized, underpaid, underfed, living Our next stop was at Wilberforce Institute, our in the world's worst slums-a contrast of poverty leading educational institution in South Africa, and wealth, ignorance, superstition and enlightfounded in 1909 and named for the famous Eng- ened ,Christianity, perhaps nowhere else seen. lish antislavery agitator, William Wilberforce, Here the churches have their hardest task, and and for Wilberforce University in Ohio, whose the A. M. E.'s are trying to do their part. At early graduates are now leaders of our church several places in this gold mining region I called here. together the ministers and discussed educational work and the extension of our church work. We After devotional exercises at the Institute, I have over 125 preaching points on the Rand and left for the administrative capitol at Pretoria. Transvaal. Here I met officers of the Native Affairs Department, of the Department of Education, and of the When I preached I usually had two interpret- Immigration Office; I explained my work and the ers, one each for Xosa and Sesutho, sometimes purpose of my presence in South Africa. I found three and once four. Many Moody and Sankey all the officers without exception not only cour- hymns, as well as the great hymns of all churches, teous,but sympathetic with my plans, although are translated into these tongues and sung to when I expressed my intention to build a Teacher familiar tunes. "Praise God from Whom All Training College in the Transvaal, one said it was Blessings Flow," may be sung to the tune of "rather ambitious." Since then, however, a "Old Hundred" in English, Afrikaans, Zulu, Sesu- 12-room building has been started in faith, and tho, Xosa, etc., at the same time. Nearly every workmen are going forward. Our members hav2 Africanin the Rand understands simple English, themselves given me over £750 ($3,750) in sup- but is at home in the vernacular. The African port of this effort, notwithstanding their poverty. native does not "shout". as does the American We proceeded to Johannesburg next day and I Negro. He listens very attentively; he prays ferconsulted with business firms as to materials to vently, always sings all the verses of a hymn, start our building. Thank God, I succeeded in get- assembles for worship promptly and does not ting credit for more than £600 ($3,000) worth of want to stay too long. material from one firm, whose managing director said, "We have never let natives have more than On the Rand I met all types of natives, the lowly £50 or' £60 credit; but I am impressed with your and highly intelligent. There is only one native purpose, your plan and your organization, and physician who was educated in America, one, will take the risk." My next discussion was with lawyer, no dentists, one accountant, many prithe Inspector who had expressed doubt that na- mary teachers, a few nurses, a few politicians, tives could erect such a school building. In fact, editors and business men. All were anxious to the specifications read, "All skilled work shall be hear about the American Negro, and I was kept done by Europeans; i. e., white mechanics." I, from morning till night answering que.tions about however, got permission to have it read, "By com- America. petent mechanics-," and am proceeding with mechanics of my own race, much to the surprise and In all, I spent ten days on the Rand. My nex'; satisfaction of the Inspector, who has publicly stop was at Bremersdorp in Swaziland, where at praised the work. midnight, under a perfect African starlit sky, I met King Sobhuza II, Paramount Chief of the I conferred with Dr, J. Dexter Taylor, of the Swazis. He gave me a hearty" welcome to his American Board, at his home in Johannesburg. country. Far through the night we discussei re- He is, a member of our Board of Trustees of Wil- ligion, education and the general economic ani berforce Institute and I have found in him a true social life of his people. I shall never forget this friend and guide. He has been in South Africa meeting~. ,nor the man, still under 40, a philosoover 30 years and he is loved by the natives and pher,scholar and statesman. I met the Qm:en respected by the Europeans., He is a: leading spirit Mother in her kraal, consisting of over 400 huts of thatched roofs, surrounded by high cane fences. She received me seated on the ground, encircled

AN AFRICAN BISHOP IN AFRICA

by her advisers. Our interview lasted nearly an the marriage ceremony for Chief Seiso Maama hour. I was guest in the kraal of Chief Ben and remained for the festivities. Mrs. Seiso Nxumalo, uncle of King Sobhuza II. The Chief Maama is a woman of beautiful character and went to America in 1928 as a delegate to the high ideals. Her husband, unlike many other A. M. E. General Conference, and got many mod- chiefs, has only one wife and is a devoted Chris- ern ideas, some· of which he has tried to put into tian preacher.

practice. The National Training School is a new At Morija is the hundred-year-old French mis- venture of credit to the Swazis. sion which has done more than any other mission We have fifteen schools in Basutoland, but the to develop the Mosutos language and literature. government gives grants only to the older We visited its famous printing plant where more churches-the French Mission, the Anglican and than twenty-five natives do printing for all de- Roman Catholic churches; all are doing such nominations in South Africa. The French misgood work that Basutoland, I was told, has the sion encourages native African initiative in a way largest percentage of native school attendance in worthy of imitation. At Maseru we saw in the all South Africa. Some of the most powerful . Government offices the first black stenographer chiefs are members of our church and have given .and typist since we left America. land and buildings for schools, which we have We saw very few naked natives, except chilbeen inadequately supporting. I was guest of dren. We met none who had not heard of Jesus.

Chief Seiso Maama, who gave the ground for We heard testimony to the two hundred years of Maama Memorial Church which I dedicated in the heroic missionary endeavor, and also the great inpresence of 1,000 people who had come from fluence of a recent visit of Dr. John R. Mott to mountain fastnesses to witness the ceremony and South Africa. I have met most of the outstanding partake of the chief's hospitality; he killed sev- leaders of all denominations, and all seem coneral oxen for the occasion. As we were leaving, scious of the great work still before them, not the chief and his wife asked me to join them in now so much of securing acceptance of Christ but holy wedlock after the Christian fashion; this I of putting Christianity more into practical life. promised to do when I returned to Basutoland. We who know how hard this is in America, espe- We proceeded to Johannesburg and to Evaton to cially where the darker races are concerned, can inspect our new building. At the insistence of one 'imagine the task before earnest Christian leaders of my presiding elders I visited the Western in South Africa. As much work needs to be done Transvaal. At one place, I was surprised to find among the whites as among the blacks, if there is the most prosperous looking natives I have seen. ever a satisfactory answer to the question, "Shall My host owned in his own right 1;800 acres of Africa Be Christian?"

land, and I met a group of men who owned or I have repeatedly asked myself during this leased over 10,000 acres. They were anxious that journey, "What can the American Negro do?"

the church purchase several large plantations and The answer is, "Much." Wherever I have gone move the people on them, thus giving them better people have said, "Tell us about people in Amer- protection and a better chance for worship, edu- ica," no matter what the occasion. So the Amer- cation and economic improvement. While their ican Negro is an inspiration to the African-he argument was apparently sound, I was not able to wants improvement in living and an outlet for the give them much hope, so far as the church is con- "more abundant life." The rapid growth of the cerned. I sincerely hope that some Christian or- A. M. E. Church is due to this fact. However, ganization may become interested in the economic very few American Negroes are in South Africa.

imprqvement of these people. I have not met a dozen who came here during the After a brief rest we returned to Wilberforce past twelve years. American Negroes trained in to hold the executive board meeting of the wom- social work, in agriculture, as well as in religion, en's missionary organization, headed by Mrs. could help the native and the country at large, if Maxeke, a graduate of Wilberforce University in they come under cooperative, rather than under Ohio. With her husband she has labored nearly denominational auspices. The task is far too forty years in South Africa. I was pleased with great for the individual church.

the earnestness and intelligence of these native I have supervision of over 430 preaching places, women. Next day I laid the cornerstone for the separated by nearly 3,500 miles and reaching new building at Wilberforce Institute and received every .tribe of .Africans, representing the work of contributions from the natives of nearly $500. forty years. But I need helpers. The harvest Two thousand people attended and it is estimated truly is plenteous but the laborers few. Pray that that 90 '10 of them contributed. The inspector of God may move the hearts of more Americans of native schools was the only white man present. African descent to come over and help their be- Then we returned to Basutoland and performed nighted African brothers and sisters.

A Ponca Breaks Paths for

A Chapter in Rural Education for Indians in Oklahoma By the REV. COE HAYNE, New York The American Baptist Home Mission Society SCORES of young Christian Indians are ac- which the Choctaw church worshipped. The old cepting positions as teachers in schools in shack of a building had been given to the Indians most difficult communities, amid desperate for a schoolhouse. And Louis Rhodd had arrived poverty and privation, which they must share, to open the first school for the Choctaw at Bas- that they may be of service to their people in the come. One side of the building, lacking window name of Christ. Going to their stations under ap- frames as well as window panes, was open to the pointment by the Department of Education of the weather. There were cracks an inch wide in the Indian Service, with foreknowledge of the condi- warped and decaying flooring. There were no tions they must confront, they endure the cold in seats or desks in the building. A small platform poorly equipped school buildings and the loneli- at one end of the room indicated that it had once ness in remote places without complaint. In many been used for public gatherings.

localities Indian children would be without school Asked whether or not he felt like turning his privileges today were it not for the enlistment of back on such a school equipment, Mr. Rhodd said: these young Indians in this pioneer educational "I was glad to have such an opportunity."

enterprise. Soon the Ponca was joined by a young Choctaw The Special Indian Day Schools in Oklahoma who from his home a quarter of a mile distant, are served by one teacher each. In these schools had seen the automobile stop in front of the old they find that "teacher" includes many profes-· church building. The Choctaw introduced himsions. Often they are asked to give advice in self by saying that he suspected that the newcomer native disputes; their judgment is sometimes fol- was the man who was to teach the school. He in- lowed and sometimes not. They assist at times vited Mr. Rhodd to go home with him assuring of birth, illness or death, not only the Indians but him of a lodging there over night and possibly also the whites within the community. They offer longer. The father in this Choctaw home did not plans on how to run a home, farm or chicken give an immediate answer to Mr. Rhodd's request hatchery. They are athletic directors in the com- for a permanent abiding place. During several munity. You find them some evenings within minutes he gave no sign that he had heard the their schoolhouses cutting the children's hair. question. When he spoke it was to speak dis- Wherever aid is needed these teachers are called paragingly of the food his home could offer. When upon to help. Mr. Rhodd assured his host that he would be glad The experiences of Louis Rhodd, while conduct- to share with the family whatever comforts were ing a rural school in a neglected Indian neighbor- available and to pay for same, the desired per- hood in Oklahoma from 1934 to 1936, bring into mission to board and lodge in that humble home sharp relief the spirit with which many forward- was granted.

looking Indian youth are meeting their Christian Mr. Rhodd began at once to repair the old responsibilities. Mr. Rhodd, whose former home church building for school purposes. Although was Pawnee, Oklahoma, was educated at Bacone under appointment by the Indian Office he did not College and the University of Oklahoma, the first hesitate to appeal to Mr. Walter Haggard, Pitts- Ponca Indian to obtain a college degree. He was burg County superintendent of education, with appointed by the Office of Indian Affairs to con- offices at McAlester, Oklahoma, for assistance.

duct a school among the Choctaw Indians at Bas- Mr. Haggard had a new floor put in the school, come, Oklahoma, in September, 1934. the doors, windows and steps repaired and the From the Agency of the Five Civilized Tribes schoolroom painted white. On opening day thir- in Muskogee, Oklahoma, he was conveyed by auto- teen pupils were enrolled -later the number mobile to the location of his prospective activities. reached nineteen, all members of the Choctaw The Agency man drove away, leaving the Ponca tribe, twelve of whom were fullbloods. Of this and his traveling bags in front of a dilapidated group only three had been to school before. The little Methodist meeting house, abandoned these ages ranged from four to seventeen years.

many years. Nearby stood a newer edifice in During the first two weeks Mr. Rhodd did not [592 ] have textbooks suitable for beginners. There I have visited Indian homes and seen school children was a total lack of paper, pens, ink, pencils and that were five and six years old correcting their parents' blackboards. For classwork he depended upon table manners. the children's experiences and knowledge of the country and his own resourcefulness. He told Good habits such as inhaling pure air, refraining from stories and encouraged the children to talk con- spitting on the floors, coughing or sneezing in the faces cerning their people and their surroundings. He of others, adequate rest and food, and in general a wellconducted hikes; names of trees, rocks, crops and regulated life will do much to prevent T. B. towns in the locality were listed; maps of the neighborhood were drawn; health topics pertain- In another important matter the cooperation of ing to school and homes were discussed. At the the parents was secured. As the Indian child is end of two weeks each pupil was supplied by the extremely shy and self-conscious the lack of county with textbooks, writing tablets, ink, pen knowledge of good English is a real handicap to points, pen holders, pencils, erasers and crayons. him. In all the homes the native Choctaw lan- The schoolroom was equipped with blackboards. guage was spoken when Mr. Rhodd arrived on the The Indian agent had sent some government books field less than three years ago. The aid of the that were used as supplementary material. The parents was gained to increase the use of English equipment sent by the county included a basket- within the homes. In the Choctaw Indian lanball, two soft balls, bats and some lumber used in guage there is an order opposite to that of the making see-saws and backboards for basketball English. The children had a tendency to speak goals. the English in the same order but they worked hard with the language and by Christmas time The first community gathering at the school was the second, third and fourth grade pupils were an old-fashioned pie-supper given to raise funds writing letters to friends in English. to purchase baseball equipment. The ball games that followed brought the Indians and white peo- Within the schoolhouse has grown a small liple together in clean entertainment, promoting a brary consisting of books on history, poetry, bulbetter understanding between the two racial letins pertaining to farm and home, newspapers, groups. magazines, and also religious reading material. Both the state and national governments issue The parents were unable to provide proper diets bulletins on various subjects that are always oband clothes for the school children. Money ap- tainable free of cost. The Department of Agripropriated by the Indian Service and Pittsburg culture tells the farmer how to fertilize the soil, County provided hot noon lunches for all enrolled. select seed, fight insects, pests and plant diseases, The clothing collected by Bacone College students plan farm buildings, care for stock and poultry came as welcome Christmas gifts. and market their products. Bulletins are also issued in behalf of the housekeeper, telling her Four families moved from a distance of twenty how to care for the health of her family, feed chilmiles or more, leaving fairly comfortable homes dren, preserve fruits and vegetables for winter to live in hastily built shanties so that their chil- use and how to take care of perishable food. By dren might attend school. The winter of 1934- collecting these pamphlets and making them avail- 1935 was a cold one but during the severest able, Mr. Rhodd helped the Choctaw people to weather no family moved back to a warmer house, obtain expert advice in many situations confrontpreferring to endure hardship with the school ing them in their isolated communities. Once a children. Mr. Rhodd helped to seal the shanties month the people come to the community house with building paper. to discuss the problems within the community, and especially the work which the school is try- Adult education was made possible through an ing to accomplish. alliance between the homes and the school. Through the cooperation of the children health Concerning these community forums Mr. Rhodd instruction was transmitted to parents. reported: This Ponca instructor has something very defi- Such problems as conservation and prolongation of life; nite to say about health: knowledge and control of domestic life; knowledge and control of physical environment and creative activities Good health gives better character, greater usefulness, are discussed with much spirit within the school, church increased anility to perform our daily tasks. To let a and homes. Such discussion of problems provides an acchild suffer from ill-health when he might have a strong, tivity that has a permanent and far-reaching result. We healthy body is foolish. are gradually laying a suitable foundation for the day when this community will insist that all its members con- One of the first centers of interest around which useful form to certain standards. learning may start is the school lunch period. This provides an activity that has a permanent and a far-reaching The Choctaw church board, at Mr. Rhodd's reresult. He is taught the proper posture at the table, the quest, consented to have lessons of the Sunday correct use of the spoon, knife and fork, and other de- school taught in the English language. sirable habits. The older children are given an opportunity to wash the dishes and clean the room after lunch.

Missionary

By M. E. RITZMAN, PH.D., Reading, Pa.

Professor of New Testament and Missions, Evangelical School of Theology DR. A. J. GORDON used to say that he not? What is his supreme purpose regarding His stopped praying that the Lord Jesus would Church? We find it summed up in that cate- have compassion on a lost world. "I seemed gorical imperative, "Go ye." Jesus' first command to hear him say to me," said this man of God, "I to his disciples was, "Come ye after me, and I will have had compassion on a lost world; now it is make you fishers of men"; .his last was: "Go, for you to have compassion. I have given my make disciples of all the nations." Discipleship heart; give your heart." and apostleship are one and inseparable. We learn but to teach; we know of Jesus but to tell Dr. Gordon was right. Christ came into the of Jesus; we commune with Him but to comworld, a missionary from Heaven to earth, to show municate Him. Only so far as His Church acus God's infinite love and compassion. He lived cepts her responsibility for teaching all nations to and taught and spent His days in blessing the observe all things whatsoever He has commanded humble poor and His nights in prayer. The Evan- her, may she experience the fulfilment of His gelist tells us that "when He saw the multitudes, promise, "Lo, I am with you always." He was moved with compassion." That was the mind that dwelt in Christ. But He was rejected Some are prone to think that only the more by His own; betrayed by priest and disciple. He pious and zealous Christians need be witnesses. agonized in the Garden and confronted there the But to make Christ known must be the commandarchenemy of our souls. He bore the scourging, ing purpose of every Christian. The early Christhe hissing, hooting, and spitting. He staggered tians understood their Master's meaning, and under the weight of the cross, died on it, went when they were scattered abroad, they went into our sepulchre and rose more than conqueror. everywhere preaching the risen Lord. Now He stands on Olivet. Angels beckon Him. The Father is waiting for Him. With outstretched Because Christ's heart longed for the salvation hands He tells to His disciples that all power is of all men, because He died on the cross to save His, and bids them, therefore, to go everywhere every man, Christianity is distinctively and essenand tell the Good News to all the nations. Then tially missionary. The missionary enterprise is the heavens receive Him. All power was His, not a by-enterprise, a mere incident in our modtherefore they were to go. That was before ern life in which a few enthusiasts take an inter- Pentecost. The missionary idea came into the est and of which they are making a fad. The misworld with the birth of Christianity. sionary work of the Church is not secondary, but primary and supreme. It is not a work which In spite of these "marching orders," in spite of must take its place among other works, that may the missionary enthusiasm of the early Church, be done or neglected according to our mood. If we have the staggering fact to explain that though it is true that the eternal Son of God took upon more than sixty generations have come and gone Himself man's nature and lived on this earth and since our Lord gave His message, out of every died upon the cross for the sins of mankind, there three persons in the world, two are practically is no other fact in history to equal it, and it must without knowledge of Jesus Christ. The need of be told everywhere. these hundreds of millions is indescribably great. Most of them are living in ignorance and dark- It is therefore impossible for the Church to live ness, steeped in idolatry, superstition, degrada- in disobedience to the last command of Christ, tion, and corruption. While the so-called non- and remain Christian. Obedience to Christ is not Christian religions furnish some moral principles less an essential to salvation than trust in Him as and precepts of value, they do not afford adequate the atoning-Saviour. Christians should live up to standards and motives by which rightly to guide their profession by making it their first and highthe life, nor power to enable one to take the step est concern to "preach the gospel to every creabetween knowing duty and doing it. ture." They must either be missionary Christians or they will soon be missing Christians. Tested What is the great thought of Christ with refer- by the words of Scripture, the Church is Christian ence to this great mass of people who know Him and Christ's so far, and so far alone, as it has [ 594 ] obeyed and is obeying the Lord's last and supreme salem never seemed to catch the world-wide mis- command. In this day too many feel they can sionary vision, never seemed to apprehend that obey whatever command of Christ it pleases them the Gospel is for everybody and everywhere. They to obey, and disobey whatever command of the wanted to keep their best workers at home, and, Master they do not choose to obey. so far as we know, never sent men or money to '

It is a historic fact that the Church has pros- evangelize the heathen. While it weakened and pered according as she has cooperated with God's declined, the Antioch church flourished like a plan to give the Gospel to every creature or has green bay tree until in the time of Chrysostom declined to do so. Individual churches and whole half of the city of more than 200,000 population denominations are examples of this. Weak was Christian. What was the difference? One churches with missionary zeal soon become strong fell in line with God's plans for the world-wide churches, whereas a strong church that is an- propagation of the Gospel and God blessed and tagonistic or apathetic toward missions, finally prospered and gave it mighty power. The other becomes a weak church. Nor is this strange, for did not fall in line with God's plans and he withwhat interest can Christ have in the declaration held his power and the church suffered and at last of a man or a church that they believe in Him disappeared.

as the Son of God and the universal Saviour, when There are other reasons that compel me to be they repudiate that confession by denial of that missionary minded. There is no place where one Saviour's mission to the race? Dr. James 1. Vance can invest his life where it counts for as much as has well said, "The church that ceases to be mis- in the mission field. Shortly before Dr. John E.

sionary can no longer be evangelistic; the church Williams met his death at the hands of a Chinese that ceases to be evangelistic can no longer be soldier at Nanking on March 24, 1927, he was evangelical; and the church that ceases to be asked by his wife, as they stood one evening look- evangelical may well doubt whether it is Chris- ing at the lights of Nanking University to which tian." Dr. Albert Schweitzer, of Germany, one of he had given so many years of missionary service, the great Christian philosophers of today, and now "Jack, if you had known all you know tonight, serving as a medical missionary in the heart of would you do it over again?" Quick was his an- Africa, says that our Western civilization is swer: "Yes, a hundred times over! Where else doomed without a dominantly unselfish world in- could I have invested my life in a way that would terest. How much more necessary is it that the have brought me such large returns?"

Church have such an unselfish world interest! Is it not the irresistible logic of the Christian Yea, verily, it is utterly impossible to separate conscience that we are bound to share what we Jesus Christ from this world-wide missionary in- have which we know to be universally good? The terest, and the church that tries to do so may well better it is the more we are bound to share it; write "Ichabod" over its door, for its days are and since Christ is infinitely the best we have, we numbered. are more bound to share Him than by any other The loss of its world vision will more quickly obligations in the world.

bring death to the church at home and obedience Paul felt this when he cried, "I am debtor both to our Lord's last command will vitalize and to Greeks and barbarians." Why? Paul felt he quicken her life. If the church of today would had something which the rest of the world needed have the power of God come mightily upon her, and must have for its redemption. What a chal- if she would know her Lord's intimate presence, lenging motive this should be for us! We have she must receive it in the pathway of larger obe- received more than millions upon millions of our dience to the missionary command of Christ. Cut- fellows. Therefore, according to the Christian ting down our missionary force, closing up fields, principle, we should give more. We are "debtors."

reducing our missionary work to a minimum to If we believe that in Christ alone is found the save expense, is no way to receive God's blessing. truth that satisfies the intellect, the power that re- Only as the Church makes heroic sacrifices to meet generates the life, and the hope that illumines the its missionary obligations, only as her member- future; if we believe that to men's need of Christ ship has something to sacrifice for, only as we there is no exception, and to His power to save give our best, can we expect the Christ of God to them there is no limit: if we believe that He is the walk with us in the way of blessing and pros- gift of the Father to all, that He died to make perity. atonement for the sins of all, that He has been The church at Antioch was an informed and lifted up to draw all men unto Him – then we obedient church. They fasted and prayed and must believe that our first duty is to give the sent forth the best they had, and as a result the knowledge of this Saviour to all mankind. Verily, church became one of the greatest churches of we are "debtors." Are we ready to pay our debts?

the centuries. The old mother church at Jeru- The Apostle Paul meant much the same thing

when he said, ~'We also believe, and therefore also and at last dying the martyr's death? He says it we speak." He who has convictions of any truth was the love of Christ that constrained him. important to others, is ever moved to make that What was it that drove David Livingstone through truth known. You can judge of the sincerity of a Central Africa again and again? What was it man's convictions by the ardor of his proclama- that kept John G. Paton in the South Seas when tion. In this there is nothing peculiar or arbi- the savages again and again tried their best to kill trary. The astronomer discovers a star, and him? What was it that impelled Adoniram Judstraightway desires to give his discovery to the son in his heroic sacrifices for Burma? What was world. The honorable medical man who discovers it that steadied Robert Morrison, during the long a sure prophylactic during the progress of an epi- years when China resisted like a rock? What was demic, would be insanely selfish if he did not pro- it that drove Dr. A. L. Shelton repeatedly to Tibet claim it. As soon as any conviction of important until he lost his life at the hands of a bandit? truth becomes central and vital, there must come Their abiding motive was the love of Christ which an immediate and irresistible desire to utter it; constrained them. Does it constrain us? Do we then sacrifice is gladness and service is joy. The love Him with a love that surpasses all human early Christian Church believed in the sinfulness of man's nature, in the atoning power of Christ's loves? sacrifice on the Cross, the regeneration of the soul Some years ago an American young woman was of man by the Holy Spirit and in the judgment to come, the issues whereof are eternal. Under the called to China. She was the only child of her pressure of these truths, the early Christians could father, precious to him beyond expression. After not but speak, for the truth was a fire in their a tremendous struggle with his own heart, that bones and neither dungeon nor stake could turn father gave up his daughter for China. On the them aside from their purpose. Neither austere night when she was bidding farewell to church climate nor violent opposition could restrain the and friends, the father was asked to say a few medireval missionaries who believed these same words. At first he could not speak; then he said: truths and they went forth to Hun and Goth and "Friends, you all know me, and you all know my Teuton. Because our forefathers in America and Susie, and you all know what she has been to me the early pioneers of our own church, believed all her life, the very light of my eyes, the joy of these fundamental doctrines of the Christian my heart. Jesus Christ wants my daughter in faith, they went forth with heroic sacrifice to China and she is going. All I can say about it is preach the Gospel in our western states and then this-I have nothing, nothing too precious for my on to China and Japan and other lands. Men may Lord." say that they were mistaken, but there is the fact -they believed, and therefore they also spoke. Have you? Have I? Have we anything in Can we do less than they; or are we doing Tess heart or life today that we cannot willingly, because we believe less? gladly, give up to win men to Christ? May God bring us all to that heaven on earth, where, look- But above all,_ there is driving power in the ing into His face, we can truly say, "I have nothlove of Christ. What was it that drove Paul from ing too precious for Jesus Christ, my Lord." the Eastern end of the Roman empire to the When all who profess His name can say that, Western, preaching and teaching and suffering there will be no more missionary debts, there will be no lack of volunteers; our missionary prob- lems will be solved.

A PRAYER FOR MISSIONARIES o Lord Jesus Christ, the desire of all nations, who didst come down from heaven to seek and to save the lost; grant Thy blessing, we beseech Thee, upon thy missionary servants who are carrying the light of Thy Gospel to the dark places of the earth. Preserve them from every danger to which they may be exposed; from perils by land and sea, from persecution and pestilence, from discouragement in their labors, and from the devices of the adversary. May they see thy work prospering in their hands; and do Thou hasten the time, 0 gracious Saviour, when the multitude of unbelievers shall be gathered into Thy fold, and when all in- every land who neglected Thy salvation shall be converted unto Thee. And to Thee, Lord Je- sus, be the praise, unto whom, with the Father and the Holy Spirit, be an honor and glory, world without end. Amen.

of Converts from

I 1I)It- -sf Sent by STEPHEN o. KOOBYAR, Tabriz, Iran Il====~~ "I WAS formerly a very bigoted Moslem and that if Islam were true I should see the proof in had a reputation as a woman of religious my dreams, and if Bahaism or Christianity were zeal. I had made a thorough study of the true that I might see other evidence. It so hap- rules and ritual of Islam and spent my time day pened that my dream that night pointed to Chris- and night in keeping those things which I believed tianity and the next night the same thing took to be my duty, especially in fasting during the place. Still I was not convinced.

special month and daily prayer and almsgiving. "Later I went into a closet to change my clothes.

At the same time I continually implored God to It was dark and the feeling came over me that I save me. must fall down upon my knees and pray. I did "Nearly twenty years ago severe family trouble so, not being able to resist the power that impelled came upon our home, so that I had to flee and me. I poured my heart out in prayer and then found shelter with a widow who had formerly came a vision of Christ. It was as though I were worked with us as a servant. At this time one of drawn to Him by a power above my will to resist.

the American missionaries opened a small school From that moment there was not the slightest in our district, which was entirely Moslem, and doubt in my mind that the claims of Christ were became a teacher there. For the first time I found true. I told my mother and asked her to make and read the Old and New Testament. My condi- arrangements for me to study and be baptized.

tion was changed and finally the light dawned in She asked whether I were certain that Christ was my heart. I accepted Christ as my personal Sav- my one and only Saviour and my ground of hope iour. It was my need that first led me to Christ. for time and eternity. I replied fervently that I "After I was forced to leave my home I was had absolute assurance. Her beaming face showed most despondent and lived a life of gloom until I me that she was praising God. found Christ and this was changed to continual joy and happiness and assurance. Just as the "I began to study the New Testament with a sun is not appreciated until one has known the new spirit and, after a period of probation, I was darkness, so it took trial and trouble as a back- baptized. Christ has sustained me through all ground to make me appreciate the light of Jesus my trials and I know that He is the highest rev- Christ."-From a lady who has been a Christian elation of God. There are many great things in for fifteen years. Christianity, but the greatest is that Christ is able to change life and make a new person; all things *** become new in Him."-A young lady, twelve yearts a Christian. "Fourteen years ago there were six people in our family. My mother had become a Christian *** and the others were all Moslems. I was by far the most zealous of the whole family in the Mo- "This servant was born a little more than fifty hammedan faith and during the month of fasting years ago into a village family. My parents were godly people though neither of them was able to I would arise before daylight to prepare my own read or write. My father had made several pil- food as I would not eat during the day. At times grimages to the Shiah shrines of Islam. I was I argued with my mother to persuade her to re- especially beloved, as I was an only child. My turn to Islam. She did not ask me to become a parents were neither very rich nor very poor, but "Christian but urged me to read the New Testa- wanted to give me every possible advantage. ment. This made me even more fanatical. I went When I was six years old they placed me in the to the mosque and sat at the very foot of the pUlpit village school. when the mullah preached and joined in the prayers very earnestly. I had some very close "They wanted me to learn to read and write. friends who were Bahais (a reformed Moslem If they had a child who could read the blessed sect) and they urged me to attend their meetings Koran it would be a great act of merit for them in and presented the claims of their faith. I became this life, and they believed that the reading of the Koran after their death, would atone for their very unhappy and, being little more than a child, sins. From earliest childhood I had a desire for my mind was filled with superstition. I prayed religious things and my talents seemed to lie along [597 ]

this line. When I had passed the first grades in captured my attention and interest in spite of mythe village school, the teacher suggested to my self. I was miserable for a time, wondering parents that I was worthy of all the education they whether truly salvation were in Islam or Christ. could give me and asked them to send me to the Finally the words of Jesus came to me with specity school. I went there and did well in my les- cial force, 'Come unto me all ye that labor and are sons until I was considered worthy to study the heavy laden, and I will give you rest.' I found the higher branches of Islamic law and religion. I truth of this promise in my own life. I came to entered with zeal upon these studies. Him and found rest. From the day that I gave myself to Christ my troubles became less and my "After some time I heard that certain mullahs heart became joyful; my load became light, and and mujtahids were not true in their faith. I found myself making progress in joy that Christ Though they kept up the appearance of being true alone can give. I believed in the God who gave Moslems it was rumored that they did not be- His only begotten Son to be the atonement for the lieve the very things they taught and that their sins of the world, and in Christ who bore the lives were not in accord with their doctrine. I burden of our sins upon Himself and died upon went to a leading priest who was said to be a 'lib- the cross to ransom us, to save us from destruction eral' and asked him a number of questions. His and bring us salvation and life everlasting. answers only served to increase my doubts and I Among the race of men there is no other free from worried more and more about my faith in which sin who could save us from its guilt and power. I was supposed to be a teacher and leader. Salvation and forgiveness is found in Him alone. Christ took up His abode in my heart and I found "The thought came to me, 'How can it be that comfort in every trouble. He gave me salvation the most educated people of the world in Europe and freedom from the death of sin. and America, with all of their science and invention, can be mistaken about their religion?' My "So I give praise to God that He has led me out first contact with Christianity at this time was of the darkness into His eternal light and has prothrough a Christian priest. Later I met a mem- vided a Saviour who has made perfect atonement ber of the Evangelical church who received me as for my sins and those of the whole world."-A a real brother. Our hearts became knit together and I became his disciple. I learned from him of 1foung mother. my own sickness of sin and the remedy in Jesus Christ. From that time to the present every ad- THE TOUCH OF CHRIST TODAY vance in spiritual truth has shown me in more bold relief my own shortcomings. It is only in Among the hills of Galilee, Christ that I have found peace in my heart; He Through crowded city ways, has shown me my sin and need and also the atonement for sin through the sacrifice of His cross. The Christ of God went forth to heal And bless in olden days. "I should be happy at some time to set down in detail my experiences, that perchance this road The sinning and the sad of heart which I have traveled, from a priest of Islam to In anxious throngs were massed one who has surrendered all to Christ, might help some brother to find the Way."-A former Mo- To catch the great Physician's eye And touch Him as He passed. hammedan Mullah. We have not in our hours of need *** His seamless garment pressed, "I was born in a family which was not religious. Nor felt His tender human hand Even as a child I had yearnings for spiritual op- On us in blessing rest; portunities which I saw meant much in the lives of other people. When I was young my mother Yet still in crowded city streets died and my father placed me in the dormitory of The Christ goes forth again, the girls' school of the American Mission. Later my father died and I was left an orphan. Whenever touch of human hand Bespeaks goodwill to men. "In the school there was a Moslem girl who constantly kept asking me why I did not perform Whenever man his brother man the stated prayers and read the Koran and keep Upholds in helplessness; the fasts. I had never learned to do these things as I had not come from a f3mily that paid much Whenever strong and tender clasp attention to religion. We had Bible lessons in the A lonely heart doth bless, school, and this girl and I read these merely because we must, but we did not pay attention. As The Christ of God is answering time went on certain things in the New Testament A stricken world's demands And leading back a wandering race By touch of human hands.

New and Old in Moslem

ByA. T. UPSON, Rayleigh, England I !ie– I Author of "High Lights"; Former Secretary of the Nile Mission Press I D URING the thirty-seven happy strenuous as that?" Yes; but look at their surroundings in years spent among the Moslems of the Near which they have been reared. Most of the villages East, there were many signs that "The old there have two water-holes, one for humans, and order changeth, yielding place to new." During the other for cattle which they befoul as beasts the last few years, the pace has quickened and will do! But the village referred to has only one tendencies are now more clearly seen. water-hole for cattle and men!! Is it any wonder In recent years certain things have passed away. that typhoid fever is rampant there? Is there any We have great sympathy with the Eastern demand worse sanitary condition in any part of the world?

to abolish "Foreign Privileges." But as the East Yet the local people say that they absolutely refuse grows more nationalistic, what will be the fate of to come under the rule of Damascus, some eighty such encouraging meetings as one held in Iraq, miles off!

when about fifty men listened to an address on Opportunities Remain: The Nile Mission Press "Christ, the Ransomer by His Blood"? What colportage car still goes to the south of Algeria, would have been the fate of my oldest colporteur, and Miss Grautoff, of the Algiers Mission Band, Yaqub? * What would have happened to the seven still goes to an oasis 380 miles to the south to do converts from Islam in those days? Ere a dozen "men's work." The colporteurs in Egypt are still years are past, we shall be discussing "The Pass- plodding on. And in spite of the nationalism of ing of the Foreign Missionary" from all Moslem Iraq and Iran there is more receptivity among the lands. What a call to us to "Work while it is Shiah Moslems than in some lands.

called 'Today.' " Further, some new opportunities seem to be de- But Islam remains; in fact, is more active than veloping. For instance, the German Carmel Mis- sions hold an annual conference for Arab priests ever. In Egypt Islamic broadcasts are made, by of the Greek Church. For several years a wellradio, twice daily. For the first time, they have known Moslem convert has been greatly used of legalized preaching in the open-air, i. e., in the God there. squares of Cairo. But on what subject? The claims of Christ? Certainly not; Islam, and Faithful witnessing remains. Not only is it Islam only, is to be preached. Does one wonder true that "When God buries His workers He carthat the annual drift from the Coptic Church to ries on His work" but also, when political condi- Islam, which was 1,000 a year in my day, is now tions render it unwise for the foreigner to remain 1,500 a year? in a country God carries on His work. How? He has His 7,000 that "have not bowed the knee to Bigotry and Persecution Remain: The expulsion Baal." One still tours Lebanon and North Syria, of Dr. Liley from Tripoli, Barbary, and the half- and most Moslems know that he is a convert from dozen workers from Abyssinia are fresh in our Islam. There are other Moslem converts holding minds-perhaps because the victims were Euro- meetings in Egypt. peans. But what of the native believers in Morocco and other lands? Even in England, an over- A very remarkable testimony was, unwillingly, seas student refused recently to accept a copy of perhaps unconsciously, borne by a Moslem conthe New Testament because of persecution. vert, a former friend of mine. On leaving the Protestants, through marrying a Roman Catholic, Disease and Sin Remain: For the first time in and drifting into unbelief, he still watched us. In thirty-seven years' service, I was recently pelted 1931, when I went to Jerusalem, he wrote a fourwith clods of dirt in a Syrian village. I was not page article warning the people against me, and hurt, though hit with dust and earth about seven saying, "The reason this man (Abdul-Fady) is times, yet it was an uncomfortable experience. dangerous is that he belongs to a group of people The reader may ask, "Are they still as backward • His striking story is told in Mr. lipson's book. "High Lights in who never know when they are defeated, but just fight. on !" the Near East," 2/G )1. M. & S. London; $1.00 Zondervan, Grand Rapids, :lIich.

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Effective Ways of Working i 'fested Methods far Increasing Interest at Home I I s. EDITED BY MRS. ESTELLA AITCHISON, GRANVILLE, OHIO ~=~====================~==-, Missions and World Peace readily available. For older The Far Eastern Crisis, by Henry Thus far only incidental ref- groups, for the wee~ly pra;v:er L. Stimson. Harper Brothers, $3.75. erence has been made in this Department to the third mission meeting, contests, ralbes, specIal A Place in the Sun, by Grover study theme for the current year -World Peace; but its great emphasis programs, contests, de- Clark. Macmillan Co., $2.~0. . importance needs no added em- We or They, by HamIlton FISh phasis in the .setti~g of the present world sItuatIOn; nor can bb aetset s~faadldl,r epsasneesl and, probably Armstrong. Macmillan, $1.50. any argument fo~ its fundam~n­ discussions in tal connection wIth the foreIgn Vital Peace, by Henry Wickham missionary enterprise be required when we consider the which a group seated on the Steed. Macmillan, $2.75. devas:tated properties and im- On the Rim of the Abyss, by James paired personnel in many. evan- rostrum converse informally gelical missions which It has T. Shotwell. Macmillan, $3.00. taken centuries to build up. after an opening lead by a chair- And We Are Civilized, by Wolf- Practically every denomination which has sent its new mission- mdiascn~sasinodn,, avoiding pro and con gang Ackerman Covici Frie?e, $2.50. ary literature to the Dep~rtment exploit various sides War-drawings and etchmgs, by Editor for inspection maJors the theme. Earnest preparation has of a subject previously well pre- Kerry Eby. Yale University Press, been made to implement the purposes and sentim~nts of ~he pared upon, in conyersational $2.V50ic. tories of Peace, by GI·11 and Christian Church m Ame~ICa. Pullen. Friendship Press, $1.00 and As the birthday of the Prmce style, the audience bemg all~w~d of Peace draws near, the time is 50¢W. orld Peace and Chns.t.H~n M.1~- particularly opportune to stress to participate after the tOPIC IS sions, by H. E. Fey. FrIendshIp the plans and literature. A few sample programs, alone, in our well opened-through an these Press, 35¢. pages would be quite inadequate to the need. Every church means inclusive of pastoral ser- Educating for Peace, by E. M. and should approach the considera- J. L. Lobengier. Pilgrim Press, $1.50. tion of the subject with broad, emnoends~npdulirnpeoss·eosf may be awakdeep preparation and plans laid activity mapped America Must Act, by F. B. Sayre, for a coordinated effort among Asst. Secretary of State. World all departments of activity, f~om out to make the world peace- Peace Foundation, 75¢. primary department of the BI?le school all the way through semor minded. Community rallies and Highways to International Good and adult organizations and in- Will, by Walter W. Van Kirk. Abingclusive of the pulpit. contests in speaking or essay don Press, 50¢.

For younger children we have writing are inva,luable and lend What Can Christians Do for already referred to "Ship East, Peace? by T. A. Green (syllab1!s ~or Ship West," by E. M. Lobengier themselves particularly to an en- church discussion groups). PIlgrim (Friendship Press, N. Y., or Press, 25¢. your own denominational litera- deavor whose motif must be ture bureau; $1.00 and 50c) , giving the choicest of stories and Christian Brotherhood and its facts on world peace; leaders among junior groups may wen method cooperative. For adults Write to the Foreign Policy Asmake this a starting point, following wit h other material a very effective plan is the circu- fsoorciatoitohn~r8 West 40th St., New York, special pamphlets. The lation of standard books on the subject, a regular church library Women's International League for being a worth-while investment Peace and Freedom, 1924 Chestnut of the Lord's money. It is a St., Philadelphia, Pa., and Th~ Na- cheap move to pass the responsi- tional League for the PreventlO~ of tWona,r' D5.32C1., 7 tahlsSo t . ,h aNv.e.W.th.,~,Wgarseha~mesgt- bility for the outlawing of war onto munitions makers, "capital- profusion of "ammullltlOn agamst ists" and that ambiguous group war, much of which the Editor has called "the moneyed interests." used or inspected and found well They have their part in the con- adapted to its purpose.

tinuation of the war game; but Your own publisher will doubtless be glad to order any they are at most only a symptom of the foregoing books for you.

of a much deeper malady in the heart of humanity-self-seek- PICTURES, STORIES, PLANS ienrhg~opdr.idTe haendfotlhloewliancgk of broth- Friends in Everyland-12 pictures listing of with story on back of each, 25¢.. available material is only p&.r- Never Again-group o~ elg~t tial but will at least pave the Everyland stories of world frlendsh.Ip way to a larger ~onsi<;lera~ion of and peace–printed and bound smt- the subject WhICh lIes m the ably for any library. 50¢ per copy.

very heart of Christ's mission: Suitable for gift book. .

Friends of All the W orId Series: Book 1~f for children eight or nine BOOKS years age, Children of Other oLfanadg~s, 85¢. Book 2, 10 to 11 years Why We Went to War, by Newton The Way of Friendship, 85¢. D. Baker. Harper Brothers, $1.50.

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EFFECTIVE WAYS OF WORKING

Book 3, 13 years of age, Heroes of at the church (or otherwise) tion of women of Islam. The Friendship, 85¢. and invite the men to attend. 16mm. film rents for $1.25 and Make it "strong meat," not the 35mm. for $2.00. Friendship Paper Dolls-Four dolls wishy-washy sentiment such as eight inches high, like real children of does not appeal to "the breth- "Padre Sahib"-a new study Korea, China, Japan, India. Change ren." of the Moslem world, produced of costume for each doll, in three by William L. Rogers and wife, colors. 25¢. If you value the well-being of with advisory service from the your own children and those of Motion Picture Committee of Order foregoing from Women's Mis- others; if you would make our the Missionary Education Movesionary Society, United Lutheran country a shining example of ment (4 reels, 16mm., silent) is Church in America, 723 Muhlenberg the effort to live the peace a story of everyday missionary Building, Philadelphia, Pa. teachings of Jesus ChriJst; if life in northern India. It offers you would remove the greatest vivid insight into the problems Graded Foreign Mission Stories present obstacle to the pr.ogress and needs of all Christian mison Missions and W orId Peace. Bap- of foreign missions, do some- sionaries. The action of this tist Board of Education, 152 Madison thing at your earliest opportu- picture centers in a typical com.. Ave., New York, 15¢. nity and follow it up with more munity of Moslem Indians. A education and more practical Moslem woman rebels when her A Junior Teacher's Guide on proje,cts. husband brings home a new W orId Peace-projects and program wife, taking her small daughter, activities. Friendship Press, 25¢. Missions in Moving Pictures Zebada, whose eyes had been healed by the doctor. She seeks Children from Many Lands-post- The H arm 0 n Foundation refuge with the missionaries. ers of children of 10 countries with (with which the Religious Mo- Later action of the ,picture is appropriate verse for each. National tion Picture Foundation was concerned with the efforts of Council for Prevention of War (ad- merged) has among its declared Zebada's father to force the dress given above), $1.00. purposes: "To produce socially marriage with Karam Bege, to valuable motion pictures for whom he had betrothed her in Graphs, Program Materials, Illus- educational and church use" and return for 500 rupees. The trated Booklets and Discussion Mate- "to serve as a clearinghouse for action of this picture gives an, rial. Foreign Policy Association, 8 information on the most effec- opportunity to develop the daily W. 40th St., New York. Headline tive use of motion pictures and activities of the Christian misbooks, 25¢ each; program materials, other visual aids in church, edu- sionaries in this atmosphere. 15¢ each. cational and related fields." Its Rental, $4.00. Order all films, catalogue ~hows a most compre- as well as complete catalogue, Posters on World Peace–"The hensive library of silent films- from The Division of Visual Ex- Better Way," 24 x 36 inches; "Se- educational, dramatic, mission- periment, Harmon Foundation, curity Through Federation," 18 x 12 ary, on religion and life, life 140 Nassau St., New York. All inches. World Peaceways, 103 Park situations, social and economic the new films may be purchased Ave., New York, 5¢. studies, the arts, etc. The very in copy by church boards for use large list on "The World and Its in churches of their own de- American Posters on World Peace, Peoples" and "The Church in nomination, prices to be quoted five titles, size, 12 x 12 inches. Amer- Action" co ve r s missionary on request. ican Friends Service Committee, 20 themes. Those which the De- S. 12th St., Philadelphia, 10¢ each. partment Editor has used in Helpful New Literature s.chools of missions proved ex- English Posters on WorId Peace- cellent. They are usually made The Woman's Missionary Soover 30 titles, size, 22 x 30 inches in cooperation with missionary ciety of the Evangelical and Re- (imported by Friends Service Com- authorities, and each year lead- formed Church, 416 Schaff mittee) ; sets of 13, $1.50; each ers on the current foreign study Building, 1505 Race St., Philaposter, 15¢. themes are brought out. As delphia, Pa., has recently sent mentioned previously in this de- for inspection some leaflets and How Shape the Future for Peace? partment, "Islam in Egypt" fits pamphlets which will be helpful -excellent program analysis and the study of Mohammedans. It in any denomination. plan on page 13 of How Can We depicts the mysticism and Shape the Future?-a discussion learning of Mohammedanism in A stewardship packet containcourse for young people by Margaret Egypt, the intense loyalty of its ing a variety of leaflets: Holley Tuck, based on Basil Mathews' followers, its strong customs Shaping the Future. and laws of life. Exteriors and "What's in a Chance?" (leaflet interiors of various mosques are against gambling), 4¢. That's a Dream-similar plan and shown, the call to prayer is outline, page 10 of We Can Change given and "the faithful" shown "Alcohol Advertising Appraised," the World, for Women's Societies responding. The freedom of girls 4¢. and Senior World-wide Guilds, based in an Egyptian school is conon Mathews' Shaping the Future. trasted with the degraded posi- "What Price Repeal?" 5¢. "There Lies the Way," containing Both the foregoing to be ordered instructions for anti-war instructions from the Baptist Board of Education. for children, 6¢. These four Christian Citizenship PAGEANTS AND DRAMATIC leaflets sell as a packet at 15¢.

SKETCHES A Peace Program for Juniors, by Jane Gilbert. Baptist Board of Education, 5¢ each, or three for 10¢.

Send to The National Council for the Prevention of War (address already given) for a long, very complete list of pageants and plays on Peace, for children, young folks and adults. Write your own literature headquarters for many others we cannot list here.

It is suggested that each woman's society should prepare an especially worthful program inclusive of a convincing pageant, if possible; have a supper

"The Rainbow Pageant," a thank- grounds have few real contacts. When they arrived, we found offering service, 15¢. Our series of Public Nationality they had packed their car with Nights, intended to promote a treasures of silk, china, wool "For Such a Time as This," pag- world point of view, started embroideries, pottery, etc., for eant presenting the United Christian when we suddenly realized that which they had combed their Adult Movement, 10¢. though our denomination works congregations. We spread out among Hungarians in New York their beautiful things alongside "The Call of the Hills," play pre- and New Jersey, we knew noth- the collection from New York senting scene in mountain ca0in ing about them-actually less (which we had insured for one (mistakenly accredited in a former than of the Arabians and East day for $200). issue to the Lutherans), 5¢. Indians whom it serves far away. So we set about prepar- About 150 attended our Hun- Woman's Missionary Society ing a Hungarian evening. garian evening on a snowy of the Evangelical Church, Third night. The program came first, and Reily Sts., Harrisburg, Pa.: The Hungarian-American So- interspersed with readings and ciety, Radio Center, New York musical numbers, then our pas- "Men Discuss Missions," a heart- City, arranged to let us have a tor introduced the brother searching demonstration to be staged valuable display of embroideries clergymen, who brought greetby the best men of the church, 5¢. and other handwork. A leaflet ings from their churches. As a from them gave material for a thrilling close, all stood while "Leaven on Noisy Creek," a dia- brief reading on "The Hun- the little orchestra played the logue by two mountain women, 5¢. garian Love of Art." Etude, Hungarian anthem. Oct., 1930, and a bibliography Dramatic plan for Mother-Daughter from the Foreign Language In- Opportunity was given to view 1lanquet, 3¢. formation Service, 222 Fourth the remarkable exhibit of hand- Ave., New York, listing Na- work and to talk to the visitors. Story leaflet, "When the Prince of tional Geographies with articles So on 15-cent admission and 5- Peace Won," 3¢. on Hungary, provided data for cent cafeteria refreshments we another article on "The Hun- made friends and cultivated "Going Farther with the Master," garian Love of Music." Our friendly attitudes, and took in an excellent devotional series of 12 church board sent material for over $20.00; for, passing along leaflets, 15¢ per set. a third short paper on "Our the tables displaying the art Church and the Hungarians." works, one came naturally to a "They Also Wait," a mountain long table filled with cake, sandsketch in two acts and with 10 char- Local resources were used wiches and coffee and a cashier acters, 12¢. next. Two of our melPbers had at the end.-FLORENCE GORDON, their piano teacher give them Weehawken, N. J. "A Mountain Woman's Fight for Hungarian duets. An organiza- Life," a missionary pantomime, 15¢. tion of church singers, invited ("An Evening in Japan," by to prepare two numbers, chose "Suggestions for Creating Atmos- Lis z t 's "Liebestraum" and this same writer, will appear in phere in Program on Southern Brahms' "Around the Gypsies' an early issue.) Mountains": in Japan, in China, in Campfire." A young woman of Nigeria, West Africa, and among Hungarian descent agreed to How MISSIONARY INTEREST Italians in America, 5¢ each. teach the girls the national folk . BEGINS dance, the czardas, and a lovely The Baptist Board of Mission- folk song, "The Old Gypsies" One of the greatest givers of ary Education, 152 Madison (Marks Music Co., 225 W. 46th our generation was asked how it Ave., New York, has brought St., New York, victrola record happened that he made such out the following excellent pro- 20749, Arten Cigany). She sang large gifts to missions. "It grams and study outlines for the last verse in Hungarian. She didn't hap pen," he replied. adult and young people's< groups: also danced the czardas with the "When I was a boy my mother girls, wearing her picturesque taught me to give a part of every "The Way of a Witness," a Project costume in red and green, the dime and every dollar. The only Course in Personal Evangelism, by Hungarian colors. A local music thing that has happened is that Margaret Holley Tuck, based on "The school taught a small orchestra I have more dimes and more dol- Way of the Witnesses," 25¢. of its students a Brahms dance lars now!" and the national anthem. "How Can We Shape the Future?" Katherine Scherer C ron k -a Discussion Course, by Margaret Letters explaining the plan said: "We might say to the hosts Holley Tuck, based on "Shaping the were sent to the two Reformed of church members who are in- Future," 25¢. Hungarian pastors in another different to missions, 'How did county, with a request for infor- it happen that you took no in- "The Future of Missions," a Proj- mation about their congrega- terest in missionary work?' ·'It ect Course in World Evangelism, by tions. They offered to come per- didn't happen,' they might truth- Margaret Holley Tuck, based on sonally, bringing art objects fully reply. 'When we were chil- "Missions Tomorrow," 25¢. from the homes of their people. dren there was no missionary training in our Sunday school "We Can Change the World," five and no missionary society in our programs by Anna Canada Swain, church.' " based on "Shaping the Future," 15¢.

"Six Programs," by Dorothy A. Stevens, based on "Rebuilding Rural America," 15¢.

The following are for 'teen age young people: "Seein' Things," by Mabel A. Silke, 25¢.

"Hills and Veils," by Irene A. Jones and Mae Deal Shane, based on "Highland Heritage" and "The Young Moslem Looks at Life," 25¢.

Nationality Nights A HOME-FoREIGN PROJECT We live across the Hudson from cosmopolitan New York, in a polyglot community, but those of different national back- The Council of Women for Home Missions EDITH E. LOWRY, EXECUTIVE SECRETARY, 105 EAST TWENTY-SECOND STREET, NEW YORK ~,~~====~~~~~~~~~~====~=~~ Peace in Our Time militant nations in utter disre- zations participate,and the Na- gard of their commitments tional Peace Conference which God of the nations, near and far, through treaties and peace pacts, includes more than forty peace Ruler of all mankind, and at a time when the United societies and organizations with States is feeling its way toward departments of international re- Bless Thou Thy people as they strive a renewed sense of its responsi- lations, such as the Federal The paths of peace to find. bility to share in the world effort Council of Churches and the to prevent war as the only sure women's interdenominational The clash of arms still shades the sky, way to permanent peace, it is agencies. Thus a certain unity King battles still with king – well to remember that there are has been given to the peace organizations and groups of movement and a great force has Wild through the frighted air of night people who are actively engaged been created which should ul- The bloody tocsins ring. in building the peace movement timately, in spite of discourage- in this country and in trying ments and set-backs, lead the o Father! from the curse of war to find a way to banish war from people of our nation towards the the earth. goal of a warless world. We pray Thee give release, And speed, 0 speed the blessed day The churches are taking an in- New Materials for Peace Education Of justice, love and peace. creasingly active part in this 1. Marathon Round Tables -Presbyterian Hymnal. movement, condemning war as 1937-1938.

Compassionate Father, whose sin and utterly futile as a means The National Committee on eyes are in every place and the Cause and Cure of War has whose heart is burdened with to settle international disputes. prepared the following courses the sin and suffering of Thy chil- for use by those who wish to pardren, while we go forth in safety The organized women of the ticipate in Marathon Round and comfort to our work, we re- Table Discussion Groups: member our brethren in lands churches are also working for where war is bringing anguish Plan A-"United States and and poverty and pain and death. peace in ever increasing num- the World." God of justice, deal sternly with them who have drawn the sword, bers, and are making their in- This is the basic course for those and bring home the guilt and who wish to study world peace mafolly of violence. God of pity, fluence felt in their communities. chinery and the relation of American look in mercy on the helpless foreign policy to such world organivictims of strife and on them Believing war to be destructive zations. who are made to slay those against whom they have nothing. of all those forces which make Individual kits $.75. Make sensitive our consciences to Group kits $2.50. know ourselves involved in and for human brotherhood, and the responsible for a world where Plan B-"Adequate National greed of gain and lust for power bringing in of the Kingdom of Defense-What is it?" move us and our brothers in every land. By the shame and God, they are working to create This course considers national demisery of strife, lead us to re- fense in terms of moral, political, milipentance. By the persuasions of a public opinion opposed to war, tary and economic armaments, and the cross draw all men to the is linked up with the Campaign for more excellent way of love, and and in favor of peaceful methods World Economic Cooperation of the lead the nations in paths of National Peace Conference through righteousness for His name's to effect needful changes in in- the use of the Headline Book of the sake, who is the Prince of Peace. Foreign Policy Association "Peace- ternational relations. . ful Change-An Alternative to War," -Henry Sloane Coffin in which is the basic book for that cam- the Presbyterian Tribune. Church women find their place paign. Through the use of these in the peace movement through Marathon materials church groups Church Women in the Peace their connection with the Council will be cooperating not only with the Movement of Women for Home Missions, National Committee on the Cause and Cure of War, but with the Na- In these days of "undeclared the Woman's Committee of the tional Peace Conference' Campaign wars" and acts of aggression by Foreign Missions Conference, and the National Council of Fed- erated Church Women, all of which have departments, or com- mittees of international rela- tions, and through these repre- sent church women in certain of the national peace organizations. Most important among these are the National Committee on the Cause and Cure of War in which eleven women's national organi- [ 603 ] for World Economic Cooperation, and State, to acquaint church people people throughout Europe and it is hoped that great many of these Marathon Round Tables will be with the struggle through which Asia who are working together formed this year by churches, clubs, and community peace groups. their brothers are passing and for peace. The World Alliance its relation to international re- for International Friendship Individual kit '$1.00. lations. Price 40 cents, Foreign through the Churches is a mem- Group kit $3.50. Policy Association, 8 West 40th ber of the American Committee Write for further information Street, New York. and the Council of Women for to the Council of Women for The International Peace Home Missions has also signi- Home Missions, or to the Na- fied its intention of joining in Campaign tional Committee on the Cause this movement believing that the and Cure of War, 70 East 45th In the year that has inter- work for peace should be world- Street, New York City. vened since the Brussels Con- wide and that there is strength in uniting with the people of 2. "Peace in These Times," is gress when the International the title of a series of four pro- Peace Campaign was organized, other nations in this great cause. grams of worship and discus- many of the countries of the sion on the causes of war and From time to time the women the way to peace published by world have, through their peace of the churches will hear of the the Presbyterian Board of Chris- organizations, joined in this work of the International Peace tian Education, Philadelphia, movement, and today there is Pa. The four programs, "Jesus, a t r u I y international peace Campaign and those who are in- Christians and War" ; "The movement, which through Peace terested in keeping in touch with Way to Peace"; "Nationalism VB. rallies, National Peace Con- it may subscribe to the bulletin Patriotism" ; and "What Can gresses, and public meetings of sent from Geneva every few Christians Do?" are intended to many kinds, is trying to bring weeks to tell of the work being arouse church people to a will to peace and a determination to pressure upon governments in done in all the countries where work for peace, and may be used the International Peace Camas the basis for group discussion, favor of peace; believing that if paign is functioning. Write to or as four consecutive programs the people of the world unite for meetings of church groups, for peace no ~overnment will the International Peace Cammen or women. They are espe- dare to lead a nation into war. paign, Palais Wilson, Geneva, cially good for a Woman's Mis- Switzerland. The subscription sionary Society. Price 25 cents. Weakened by the absence of the rate is three Swiss francs. peace societies of Italy and Ger- 3. Another new set of pro- many, the people of the other At this Christmas season there is fighting and death by violence countries of Europe where the in China, Spain, Ethiopia and International Peace Campaign is strongest, are nevertheless work- perhaps other places, and men of goodwill seem powerless to grams is that published by the ing together for peace by col- stem the tide of hate and selfish- Council of Social Action, 289 lective action ana are a mighty ness which lead to war. Yet Fourth Avenue, New York City, force in building public opinion millions of men and women hate under the title "World Peace." in their respective nations. The war and are working for peace, This is a packet containing a churches have a leading part in and have faith enough to bestudy outline, a Worship Service, this movement, bringing the in- lieve that eventually goodwill pamphlets and reprints, among fluence of the Church to bear up- will triumph and international these being "Five Sectors .of the on this problem. justice put to an end some of Peace Movement" by Fosdick, In the United S tat e san the "sore spots" which lead to an article on "Neutrality or Col- American Committee to cooper- war. lective Security" and one on ate with the International Peace The women of the churches in local Peace Councils. T his Campaign has been formed. This missionary societies and in other packet is arranged for church Committee consists of those or- church organizations, believing groups, men or women. Price, ganizations which favor inter- as they do in human brotherhood 25 cents, plus postage. national cooperation to prevent and in goodwill between men and 4. Of special i n t ere s t to war and believe that the United women of all nations, all of church members is one of the States should participate in such whom are equally children of headline books of the Foreign international efforts within the God, the Father, gladly share in PolicyAssociation called "Church limits of its commitments under this work for peace with their and State" with the Study the Kellogg Pact, and that the brothers and sisters in other Course which accompanies it. four principles adopted as the lands, and pray with them for For those who are concerned program for the International the realization on earth of the wit h the situation i nth e Peace Campaign must be inter- Christmas message: "On Earth churches of Europe in such preted in the United States in Peace, Goodwill to Men." . -Elinor K. Purves.* countries as Germany, Italy, the light of our national policies.

Spain, and Russia, this study has The American Committe is plan- • This Bulletin has heen prepared by Mlsb Elinor K. Purves, Chairman, Cooperating great value. It is written in col- ning to enter into such activities laboration with some of the as may fit into the American Committee on International Relations for the leaders at the Oxford Confer- peace program and thus to join Committee on Women's Work of the Foreign Missions Conference, the National Council ence on Church, Community and hands with the thousands of of Federated Church Women, and the Council of Women for Home Missious.

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L= = =O= u-= 1=E=:;=~=·s =:~=:=~=R;=.:=~=d=~ =:=st;w=: =e=~ =of=G~=~=~=,?=x~=~=;~=:=o~=}=~O=ts=o=k= = = I~ EUROPE the Roman Catholics, 10 per Bible Society is gIvmg aid to- cent, out of a population of about wards the translation, printing Bible Reading in France 1,000,000. and circulation of the transla- tion. A hymn book in the ver- The Societe Centrale Evan- Protestant w 0 r k is repre- nacular is also being compiled. gelique reports 17,527 Protes- sented by a small Evangelical mission at Kortcha. Its particu- -The Christian. ro tants in its various preaching lar work of preaching, Sunday schools, circulation of the Scrip- AFRICA centers, a 15 increase over tures and religious literature en- 1935. joys the benevolent regard of Southern nlorocco the authorities. The mission, It is interesting to note that however, has no legal status. Someone has said that to offer when M. Chasles, a Roman Cath- Albania recognizes that national the Gospel to a Mohammedan is olic, an archivist and well-known stability and progress is best as- "to ask the proudest man in the scholar, paid a chance visit to a sured by granting wide liberty world to accept something he small Protestant chapel in Paris, for religious instruction and hates from someone he dehe gained such an interest in the helpful spiritual influence to spises." In the face of such op- Bible that he wrote a book, The youth. The immediate strength- position as this, workers in the Bible for Catholics, which has ening of evangelical work is now Southern Morocco Mission have had a wide circulation. He has possible, if the men and the proclaimed the Gospel for fifty also been lecturing at the Sar- means are available. years. bonne on the Bible, and earnestly recommends the reading of -World D.ominion Press. Morocco – 0 n I y three-and-a the Bible to his large audiences. half days' journey from England "Remnants" in Eastern Europe -used to be a Christian land, The Bible in Germany but is now in the firm grip of Protestants have a constant Islam. It is peopled by those The conflict between Chris- struggle to maintain Evangeli- who pride themselves that their tianity and Nazism goes on, with cal work against the fanatical religion wiped out Christianity. more church leaders arrested foes of all religion on the one An encouraging sign of progress from time to time. For over six hand, and unfriendly govern- today is the eagerness of the months in 1936 the colportage ments on the other. Lutheran children to. learn to read and of all religious literature, includ- and Reformed are minority write. The wo.rk of the missio.n ing Bibles, was forbidden, the groups, in some countries "rem- centers in boys' classes, a book secret police giving as the reason nants," often desperately poor; shop and preaching in Moroccan that communLsts, under cover of but they are not only holding market places. selling religious books, were dis- their own, they are winning contributing their propagandist ma- verts by thousands, notably in -Life of Faith. terial. Only in parts of the coun- the Ukraine (Southern Poland), try where the prohibition was Austria and Czechoslovakia. A Step Toward Temperance not strictly enforced were col- Most of the people are simpleporters able to continue more or hearted, unlettered land work- In South Africa a British less their usual activities. Yet ers, scattered thinly over the Commission has ordered that in spite of this, and the growing country. 202 of the 220 saloons be closed propaganda against the Bible in in Mcordance with the Liquor the press, the total number of The greatest need is for com- Act of 1928, a measure which copies circulated by the British petent leadership. The Central provided that after ten years the and Foreign Bible Society col- European Bur e a u of Inter- licenses of no saloons were to be porters, was considerably higher Church Aid, an <ecumenical com- renewed unless they had been than in the previous year. mittee of which Dr. Adolph Kel- converted into restaurants or -W.orld Dominion Movement. ler, of Geneva, is secretary, is hotels. Few have been so con- doing much to organize the con- verted. Unfortunately, the legis- Opportunity in Albania verts and provide such leader- lation allows them to continue as ship. A prime need is to provide wine and malt houses. Never- In Albania Moslems consti- a Bible in the Ukraine vernacu- theless, the closing of such places tute 70 per cent of the people; lar and the British and Foreign to the sale of whiskey and next come the Orthodox, num- brandy is regarded as a step tobering 20 per cent, and lastly [605 )

ward temperance. Church and gathered to watch something.en- Christians there; they were all social organizations are hailing tirely foreign to them-the BISh- outside, having given up their the move with satisfaction. op laying the cornerstone. The places in the chapel to t~eir ground plan of the church was friends, so that the latter mIght -Alliance Weekly and Chris- drawn with the help of a Nuba hear the words of life. Already, tian Advocate. Sheikh, whose workmen dug the more than 20,000 have signified foundation. In the evening, aft- their wish to become Christians. Sunday Schools in South Africa er the laying of the cornstone, The next problem is to train a mud wall had been built, about them in Christian living. More than half the total in- two feet high. The walls grew crease in the membership of the daily; they were molded in red Spanish Guinea Is Quiet world's Sunday schools has been mud one day, the workers patin Africa. In the Union of South ting the mud gently with stones Moorish troops have gone AEufrroicpa~anse,sptehceiaSlluyndaamy osnchgootlhies to prevent cracks. When the from Spanish Guinea, since a live and progressive institu- walls were finished a special pol~ there is nobody left to kill! Comtion. This is one of the reasons ish consisting of a thin layer of munication with Spain has been why South Africa has been mu'd rubbed with a wild nut, reopened; Spanish steamers chosen for the next World's Sun- was applied. come and go, but business is day School Convention. practically at a standstill. . "Meantime, arches for the The Wayside Sunday school roof were being made. Some The attitude of the authOrIhas grown tremendously during brought grass for thatching; ties to the Evangelical missionthe past two years, and reaches others long poles on which to aries is favorable. There is no thousands of children who would rest the arches, and still others official frowning upon the 35 otherwise be outside the influ- made palm leaf ropes to tie the catechetical schools, as the Govence of the Church. It is esti- roof. The old men hacked long ernment thinks that results simmated there are 2,250,000 chil- tree trunks into seats, these to ilar to those in the Cameroun, dren in South Africa who do not rest on mud pillars a foot high. where missions have produced attend Sunday school, largely Ninety people can be seated." thousands of literates, will be because of the distance to the The church was dedicated with desirable in Spanish Guinea. nearest church. these words: The centenary of the Mission -South African Outl.ook. "We here dedicate to the glory of Evangelica de Guinea Espanola God this building, to be called 'The is being celebrated by a joint Italy Controls Ethiopian Church of Christ, the Good Shep- campaign of the mission and the Church herd,' to the extension of His King- Native Church to win 15,000 na- dom to be the place where the Sacra- tives to Christ. Three months The Italians have announced ments are administered, and to be the were spent in preparation and that the Coptic Christian Church House of Prayer for all the peoples of prayer. During the succeeding of Ethiopia i.s no longer under these hills, in the Name of the Father, three months 11,000 men and the control of the Coptic Patri- and of the Son, and of the Holy women turned to Christ. Nine archy at Alexandria, Egypt. Ghost." new communities have been sup- plied with evangelists in the past Corrado Zoli, former gover- -C. M. S. Outl.ook. two months, who are fully supnor of Eritrea, announced that ported by the native church. bishops of key cities of Ethiopia, A Worthy Centennial Goal such as Addis Ababa and Ak- -World Dominion Press. sum, will either be named by the African Christians in the Coptic Church of Ethiopia and Cameroun are out to win 15,000 Self-Support in Africa confirmed by the Italian Govern- new believers as their contribument, or be named directly by tion to the centennial observance There is a steady movement the Government. The announce- of the Presbyterian Board. In toward self-support in the Afriment further stated that it is some of the village chapels, can churches. The Methodist possible that the right to crown writes Dr. W. C. Johnston, sec- Church of South Africa is now the Emperor of Ethiopia will be retary of the Mission, the Chris- independent, so also is the Bapgiven to the Roman Catho~ic tians have given up the long an- tist Church. The Bantu Pres- Apostolic delegate to Add 1.s ticipated privilege of hearing byterian Church is moving in the Ababa instead of the Coptic visiting evangelists and mission- same direction. Last year the Bishops of Addis Ababa and Ak- aries and sit outside after bring- Dutch Reformed Church consum. ing their non-Christian friends tributed over £96,000 for mis- to the gathering. At the close sions, and its mission churches -The Living Church. of one meeting, the missionary and native Christians raised asked Christians to leave,- so £20,000 and £2,375 respectively. First Nuba Mountain Church that he could talk further spe- It is making every effort toward cially to the non-Christians. No reviving family worship. Illit- Pioneer Christians i nth e one moved. He repeated his re- eracy is the outstanding hin- Nuba mountains have completed quest, urging the Christians to drance to Christian work. their first church building. withdraw. Then someone ex- plained that there were no -World DominIon Movement. "A group of interested Nubas

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

Sunday School Convention- lend a hand to. uplift their peD- in the CDurse Df the wsaeyrvitche~ 1940 pIe. -World D01ninion Press. shDwing in a striking Great inter&<;t ,is manifest in u.nity and diversity Df Chris- eastern and sDuthern Africa in New Clinic in Baghdad tIans. The invDcatiDn was given the prDspect Df having the One might suppose tahanwD6~0a0n0 in English, the language Df the patients wDuld keep WDrld's Sunday SChDDI AssDcia- ch.ief missiDnary sending CDun- tiDn meet at Durban in 1940. doctDr busy enDugh, but Dr. trIes, and Df the cDuntry giving Durban's climatic gactDutnarvarecantniitDeenne~eDisft·s~ Abushadid Df Baghdad is ask- the. invitatiDn to. this service. accessibility and ISaI~h.53d was read by a Jewish also. the financial ing fDr mDre by Dpening a clinic ChrIstIan elder in ancient He- fDr WDmen and children. brew, the tDngue in which Dur fered by its mayDr all pDinted to. Dr. Abushadid is a graduate Maste~ must have read and pDnthe wisdDm Df the choice. Df the Presbyterian MissiDn dered It. Prayer was Dffered in FollDwing the precedent set SChDDI in Beirut, and was asked Syriac, by an Assyrian elder in fDrmer wDrld hacvDenvaepnptriDDxnis~ by the Iraq GDvernment to. Dr- SDuth Africa will Syriac being the nearest living ganize health wDrk fDr WDmen language to. the tDngue in which mately fifty per cent representa- ~nd gi.r1s in that cDuntry. Start- Jesus spDke and in which he tiDn in the cDnventiDn, the Dther mg wIth the six thDusand girls prayed. A passage frDm 1 CDr. fifty per cent cDming frDm Dther in the public SChDDls, she is de- 12 was read in Armen itahn~ this parts Df the wDrld. It is esti- velDping the wDrk still farther language being that Df first mated there will be 2,500 dele- in the recently Dpened clinic. In natiDn in histDry to. becDme a gates. PrDbably Africa will have the SChDDI Df HDme ECDnDmics Christian natiDn; and finally, mDre representatives in this she gives her students practical prayer was Dffered icnDuIrnatnryiain~ the. language Df .the wDrld gathering than have been experience in the care Df chil- fDund in any similar wDrld CDn- dren by cDnducting a nursery WhICh the meetmg was being clave in previDus years. where the girls are respDnsible held, a cDuntry that is learning fDr the day and night care Df a to. sing His praises.

WESTERN ASIA number Df babies; thus carrying Educational Project in Syria DUt the traditiDn Df the SChDDI. Arabia's Slaves To. prDmDte a cDnsDlidated Peace Pact in Near East A recent repDrt ShDWS that plan Df educatiDn in Syria, plans aTe under way fDr the Drganiza- Iraq, Iran, Turkey and Af- Arabia has at least a milliDn and tIDn Df the Evangelical CDllege Df Aleppo., Syria, a jDint prDject ghanistan, in a dDcument Df ten a half slaves. A large prDpDr- Df the American BDard and Presb~terian MissiDns, and the Sy- articles, have undertaken to. keep tiDn Df this number came frDm rIan and Armenian Churches. It is hDped the SChDDI will be- peace amDng themselves and to. the Sudan and Abyssinia. CDme indigenDus, making bDth suppDrt and administratiDn the assist Dne anDther in all matters Slaves are Dpenly bDught and respDnsibility Df the IDcal Christian grDUps. ?f cDI?mDn interest. The pact sDld, the markets fDr WDmen Df IS ~ahd fDr five years, a periDd beauty being specially cDnducted WhICh may be renewed indefi- and develDped. A recent edict ni~ely, and it will be registered Df Ibn SaDud, king Df Saudi wIth the League Df NatiDns. Arabia, fDrbids the impDrtatiDn The pact dDubtless is a respDnse of slaves by sea, and even by to. movements tDward wider lib- land, unless it is proved that the erty, mDre religiDus tDlerance impDrtee is al read yslaavesslaavre~ Children bDrn Future of Transjordan and general prDgress. I ran Df If the partitiDn Df Palestine is might be called the key to. the themselves slaves. ~arried into. effect by the Brit- Ish GDvernment, TransjDrdan arch which suppDrts the MDS- -Christian Century. ,,:ill c 0. m e into. prDmmence. Smce 1921 the cDuntry has made lem edifice in the rMeaidl drleeliEgiaDsUt~· INDIA, BURMA, SIAM rapid prDgress, and the Dfficial yet there is mDre attitude to. missiDnaries, dDctDrs Missionaries Not Wanted? and educatDrs has been unifDrm- liberty in Iran at the present ly appreciative. The Arab GDV- A new regime in India seems ernment has Dffered generDus mDment than in any Df its neigh- certain to. affect missionary financial help to. rebuild the hDS- wDrk there, according to. a World pita;l Df the Church Miss,iDnary bDring cDuntries. A MDslem in Dominion bulletin. A reformed SDcIety at Es-Salt, and will give Hindu paper, the Arya Samaj it a free hand. Iran may becDme a Christian recently issued a statement that India dDes nDt want Christian . MDslems send their bDYS and nDt Dnly wthitehDuuntcshuafnfgeeridngMDdselaeth~ missiDnaries any mDre. It adgIrlS to. the missiDn SChDDls at which is mits the present prDgress Df Amman, and the gDDdwill of the Christianity and declares that Emir and his cDunsellDrs can be law, b1;'t t~e civil pDwe~ will prD- the strDng religiDus fervDr Df cDunted upDn by all who. will the missiDnary is the mDst im- tect hIm m the exerCIse Df his pDrtant Df the variDus reaSDns for his success. It laments the individual liberty Df cDnscience.

-World Dominion Press.

One In Christ-Iran At the wDrld-wide cDmmuniDn service held in Hamadan last year, five languages were used

materialism of many Hindus, ary women, "we'll use our own school and have made it more and appeals for a new realiza- houses as classrooms. If there's worthy of the church. tjon of the Hindu faith. no money to spare for teachers, VVorkers in Karachi are con- we'll do the teaching ourselves. vinced that bazaar preaching is If there's no dormitory for the a real test of a church's life. Changes in 20 Years women they can fit into the girls' boarding school somewhere." So Thirty-five I n d ian student the school has begun: a two- Usually, crowds are so interested teachers were recently asked year course for training village they refuse to disperse. Last what noteworthy changes had women in home making, child year fifty non..:Christians were taken place in South India in care and Christian living. baptized, in contrast to the one the past twenty years. The first or two baptized four years ago.

eight changes which follow are -C. M. S. Outlook.

arranged in the order of the An Answered Call Indian Preachers' Conference strength of the vote; caste dis- Anglican church funds, on betinctions are disappearing; un- half of Mass Movement work, In an effort to encourage pertouchability is being rapidly dis- will be used first to send teach- sonal testimony and more dy- ers to villages that have been namic preaching, a "Preachers' carded; child marriages are de- begging for them; next to procreasing; female education is vide for the intensive training Conference" was held at Bareilextending; co-education is be- of volunteers and others to equip ly, in September. Two groups coming more common; the pub- them to deal with new inquirers. were invited-a large group of A third item will be to provide lic is taking much more interest houses for pastors and teachers, pastors from the main pulpits in education; the demand for and help towards the erection and a small group of good home rule is more widespread of headquarters' churches; a preachers. Each day there were .and insistent; work for rural fourth item is the extension of reconstruction is multiplying; medical service. two sermons in Hindustani and one in English, as well as a epidemics are being mastered; Great care will be taken to round-table dis c u s s ion on Indians are replacing British of- avoid using this money to build preaching. Thus by example up work which could not be ficials ; India has come into the maintained by the Indian church and precept something definite bicycle-bus age; Gandhi cannot in the future. was done in inspiring and instop the whirl of machinery; houses are improving; women -C. M. S. Outlook. structing preachers. In order are entering public life; person- that the results of the confer- al habits are changing; the ence may be available to those Christian community is steadily who could not attend, and be preserved for future reference, growing and taking much more· it is planned to issue a printed responsibility; and socialism Opportunities in Sind report, incorporating a synopsis and communism are spreading. of each sermon and a gist of each Last year was memorable in statement made in the discus- -World Youth. the history of Sind, not only in sion.-Bishop B. T. Badley.

School for Home Builders that it became a province but Progress in Toungoo that the Christian Church scored At Toungoo, Burma, the out- "The case for village girls is advance. Money was raised by standing piece of work for the hopeless," bluntly said a student sacrificial giving for an enlarged year was a Daily Vacation Bible in the missionary's Bible class and beautified church. school in the village of Kelinsait. An old Christian living in that in Allahabad, India. Unques- The greatest advance is in the village had a son and three tionably, village houses were un- fact that the Karachi congrega- daughters who had attended the sanitary; there was too much tion of the Church of England mission school at Toungoo. They asked the mission to open a vacajewelry and too little water; Mission has accepted responsi- tion school there and gave all the support they could. As a result there was sickness, unbalanced bility for the maintenance of all five people were baptized at the close of the school, and five more feeding of the household even the evangelistic work at present acknowledged their faith during the services at Christmas. VVithwhen poverty did not preclude being undertaken in the district. in nine months this village has variety; there was quarreling, Members of the pastor's commit- indecent talk, and a stolid indif- tee have taken a keen interest ference to conditions. Such was in the leper asylum at Mango the background against which Pir, twelve miles from Karachi, missionary wives at Allahabad and for three years have visited Agricultural Institute h a v e it regularly, preached to the pa- started a school for village home- tients, and shown their love in makers. No such school exists many practical ways. Others gained ten Christians, and Qthin the United Provinces. Neither have gone in the evenings to the ers are convinced of the truth of building, money nor staff is many quarters in the city where Christianity. available. But the school has the poorer Christians live, and Much of the credit for this bebegun. "If we can't find a corner have taken part in regular serv- longs to two Christian Burmans, in the Institute classrooms and ices for them. Others have be- a preacher and a Bible woman. laboratories," said the mission- gun to teach in the Sunday – Watchman-Examiner.

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

New Bible School in Siam operation at Pitsanuloke. A Nearly seventy per cent of the Five-Year Plan of Advance has men who are now determining The need for native evangel- been adopted. -Siam Outlook. the policies of modern China are graduates of Christian colists in East Siam has been keen- OHINA leges. ly felt for some time. Accordingly, a Siamese Bible School was Progress in Ohina Education is one of the chief established last year in Korat. aims of the present government, A group of six men and one When I went to China fifty which has accepted the responsiwoman comprised the first class. years ago the period of early bility of providing universal ele- The beginnings were neither seed-sowing had not entirely mentary education for 70,000 sensational nor pretentious. passed away. The difficulties children. This, however, is bare- Lacking a class room, students were numerous and visible re- ly one-tenth of the school-age suits were few. The people were population. met under the missionary's still conservative and did not home. There were no dormitory welcome new ideas. But the pe- About fifteen per cent of the accommodations, s 0 students riod of sowing produced great higher education in China is had to be quartered in various results. The Church in China handled by Christian colleges places about town. These ar- has not grown and is exerting and professional schools. Nine rangements were inconvenient every effort to become self-reli- per cent of the college students, ant. It is willing to assume re- and twenty-four per cent of the and far from satisfactory; but sponsibility and desires to in- professional students a t ten d a very profitable seven months crease the Chinese ministry. Christian institutions. of study were passed together. There are Christian congrega- tions of one thousand people -Christian Advocate. This project is an outgrowtH. that are entirely self-supporting. Oommunion Under Difficulties of the keynote "Go Forward," -F. L. Haws Pott, St. John's University, Shanghai. The Rev. David S. Tappan, of adopted at the Siamese Regional the American Presbyterian Mis- Mission Situation sion in Hainan, tells of a com- Conference. -The Call. munion service in the mountains. Most of the missions in China Faith with Works expect to car r y forward as "To prepare the communion much of the work as can be help- elements we were at our wits' Three years ago the Church fully continued. Missionaries, end. There stood the crude taof Christ in Siam was organized. especially men, will remain at ble but for a cover all they could Ninety-nine and a half per cent their posts so long as they can find was bed drapes not yet used; of the Siamese Christians had serve those in distress. The no cups but some made for wine no real idea what it was all Boards at home will accord them and used in heathen idol worabout, but those who did com- a large degree of discretion, and s.hip. Pastor Wu pointed out the prehend the significance of it in case of danger they may with- verse in 1 Cor. 10: 21: 'Ye canhad faith and were ready to back draw to safety. not drink the cup of the Lord it up with works. The church and the cup of devils,' and apconstitution was two years in The Presbyterian Board au- plied it instantly. But when it the making. thorizes the withdrawal from was proved the cups had not yet danger zones of aged and in- been used in idol worship, they An outstanding move of 1936 firm missionaries, of mothers were accepted. was the appointment of a Re- with children, and of all those vival Committee of two, whose not suited to serve under hard- "No tray for the cups, so a mission it was to visit as many ships that may be inescapable. huge wicker sieve used for siftas possible of the churches, to The· China Council and the mis- ing rice was brought in. No hold meetings and stimulate sion executive committees are bread, so the missionary took Christian life and activity. The expected to make wise allocation some of his supply of twice American Bible Society paid the of the reduced personnel. toasted bread from his lunch expenses of a third member of (fresh bread would have been this committee. Stewardship Evacuated and furloughed mildewed in the dampness). No was their major theme. The re- missionaries, prevented from re- grape juice, so a tin of Amerisults were astonishing. Tithing turning to China, will be used can orange juice, also from his was started or increased in many to strengthen temporarily the lunch, was stirred full of native communities, and the spiritual understaffed missions in neigh- brown sugar and answered the life of many individuals was boring countries until they can purpose. greatly stimulated. return to their own fields. "Nearly one hundred moun- . A second advance step has Educational Missions tain folk caught a glimpse of been the adoption of Pitsanuloke their Lord that day, and some- Station by the first General As- Fifty-one per cent of all the how I feel that He was as much sembly as its own project under Chinese college graduates listed at home at that table as at any a wholly national staff. The in the Chinese Who's Who are communions in America with Church in Siam has also as- products of Christian colleges. their perfect appointments." sumed full responsibility for the work of the Charles T. Santvoord Hospital for three years on a contract similar to that in

Chinese Medical Association of the vast Buddhist and Shinto for one month, and 405 women constituencies. for two and a half months. At The Chinese Medical Associ- Pyengyang Institute, 80 men enation was formerly made up al- Salvation Army Rift rolled for nine months' study. most entirely of foreigners, but The Presbyterian Theological as fast as Chinese doctors be- A rift in the Army has become Seminary also reports one of the came qualified they were ad- an open break. A group of offi- largest first-year classes in its mitted. Now the percentage of cers, representing the younger history. Two young men have Chinese members is very large. leaders, but themselves men of been commissioned as foreign At the last conference about 70 mature age and rank, demanded missionaries; one is laboring in per cent of the 900 attending drastic changes in the Japanese Shantung, and the other in Manwere Chinese, states Dr. John organization. The revolt is defi- chukuo among Chinese and Chi- E. Lenox of Chengtu, West nitely a nationalist movement, nese-speaking peoples. China. protesting against what is al- leged to be a condition of sub- A Korean named Chang, who, JAPAN-CHOSEN servience to the control of the as a boy of 12 watched crew and foreign headquarters, and com- passengers of the steamer Gen- Masses Want Peace mand in London. It is also a eral Sherman struggle out of protest against the Salvation the water, only to be beaten to S. Hirakawa of Tokyo, speak- Army's military organiz'ation, death by the mob, is now an old ing recently before the Friends' with its uniform, its army ter- man over 80. Last year he stood World Conference in Philadel- minology and its dictatorial sys- QY the same Pyengyang River phia, declared that 90 per cent tem. Also it is a demand for and showed to one of the secreof the Japanese are opposed to more emphasis upon the reli- taries of the British and Foreign the war with China. The pres- gious aspects of the work, and Bible Society the place where ent invasion is motivated by a less upon the social and relief one of the passengers, Mr. militaristic clique which is try- phases. The recalcitrant officers Thomas, a colporteur of the Naing to protect the Manchoukuo have been dismissed or have tional Bible Society of Scotland, venture, an experiment that has wit h d raw n, and have now threw to the crowd copies of "a thus far proved a colossal fail- formed one more Christian de- red-bound book"-the New Tesure. Japan is spending much nomination, the "Japan Gospel tament in Korean. He also more money in Manchoukuo Evangelistic Association," mod- showed him a beautiful Thomas than she is getting out of it. eled after the two branches of Memorial Chapel, marking the Another speaker, R. Yamano, the Holiness Church. place of martyrdom and told said that the only place in which how, in his own lifetime, there desires for peace may be pub- -Christian Century. had sprung up a Christian comlished is in the Christian denom- munity of over 260,000 with inational press. Remember the Frogs 4,200 places of worship.

-Christian Adv.ocate. A solemn service in commem- -World Dominion Move- oration of the sacrifice of 100,000 ment. Conditions in Japan frogs which had been used in the past year in biological and ISLANDS OF THE PACIFIC A correspondent from Japan anatomical experiments, was says that the absence of civilian held in Tokyo in July. Sixty Spiritual Currents in Java hatred is one mitigating feature professors from Keio University of the grievous war situation. participated and a monument According to the Evangelical Chinese by thousands are still representing two bullfrogs in News Bureau of Holland, three living in Japan and going about stone, with a tribute to frogdom outside factors have influenced their work unmolested and in in general, was unveiled. ·The the spiritual currents in Java in perfect safety. According to a service was held in a Buddhist the last decade: first, the awakrecent report not more than cloister with much incense and ening in Eastern Asia after the 6,000 out of the 30,000 living in beating of gongs. Japanese victory over Russia, Japan have yet returned to and the national-cultural inde- China. By way of contrast the British pendence efforts in B r i tis h and Foreign Bible Society have India; second, the influence of But the dilemma of a Chris- celebrated the translation of the politico-religious movements tian Church in a country at war Scripture into the one thou- in Egypt, Arabia and British is pressing with peculiar inten- sandth tongue, a feat that out- India, seen in the existence and sity upon the Christians. Insig- does anything any single uni- development of trade societies nificant in numbers, and with versity has done. that have become more political the onus of a long inherited sus- organizations; and third the picion of disloyalty still bitterly -So S. Times. influence of communism. Ever held by many people, the Chris- since 1917, the comintern has tian movement now for the first Bible Reading Koreans striven to connect the classtime in a national crisis finds its struggle with the nationalist leaders called in council on equal Bible Institutes are popular movement in the East. Its revoterms with the representatives in Chosen. At Chai-Ryung last winter, 455 men were enrolled

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

lutionary propaganda activity mission spheres and the need for many needy, and the clinic was first reached Java via the na- an adVisory committee to work crowded each day. tive students' union in Holland. toward closer cooperation of Vigorous action on the part of government, churches and mis- Congregational Work Grows the government during the last sionaries. It is hoped that a four years has largely put a stop policy may be adopted broad The American Board reports to this undermining force. enough to cover the different a very successful conference of conditions in the various states workers in Dansalan, Mindanao, The attitude of missions to- on the protection and control of P. 1. There were 130 delegates. wards these spiritual currents the nomadic tribes, their grad- Much time was given to prayer, cannot be merely that of an in- ual development and restoration meditation and praise. In the terested spectator. They will of racial pride and confidence, business sessions much attenhave to deal with the great com- the uplIfting of the half-caste, tion was paid to the extension pleXIty ot moral quesdons wich the suppression of abuses and of the Kingdom in unoccupied which the people of Java have "CO protection from exploitation. areas. A real Home Mission wrestle in these days by preach- program was adopted. Statising the Gospel of God's King- -Anti-Slavery Reporter. tics revealed marvelous growth dom. during 1936. Twenty years ago Education in the Philippines there were three congregations Character of the Papuans and two Sunday schools in Bishop Mosher of the Philip- other places. Today, the North The Evangelical News Bureau pine Islands, who attended the Coast Conference alone has 48 in Holland says there are two ~piscopal General Convention churches and chapels and gave opinions about the Papuans of in Cincinnati, said: $5,500 for the work of the Dutch New Guinea. One is that Church. In all three conferthey are heartless, cruel and Now that the Philippines are inde- ences of Mindanao about 1,000 murderous; the other, that they pendent, they need an army and must new members have been added are good, friendly and even get the money for it somehow. It is education that will pay the price.

pleasant people; those who know The government has closed the 5th, to the churches. them best agree with both opin- 6th and 7th grades in the public ions. The Papuan has really scho lIs. This throws out great num- Filipino Evangelical Strength two sides to his character. One bers of boys and girls. We have is human, that is why the Pap- From the beginning, Filipino 1,200 pupils in our day schools. After the children finished the 4th grade, uan is hospitable, friendly and they formerly went to the public Protestant churches have emdesirous of peace. The other schools. Now the Roman Catholics phasized the value of the Gosside is demoniac, devilish. Some- are getting them; they have the pel in their hospitals and dispentimes, however, the Papuans' funds to have dormitories and to saries; Boy Scouts and Camp equip their schools.

acts are bad only in our eyes, Fire Girls; services for pris- but are good in their own opin- Clinics Had to Be "Sold" oners, for lepers and relief of ion. They, themselves, feel the various kinds. The most potent conflict in their being. They Dr. D. J. Ago, Filipino physi- influence in winning people to know the difference between cian at the mission hospital in Christ has been the private life good and evil. Legaspi, P. 1., could give some and character of Protestant practical suggestions on "sell- Christians, and their public Effective missionary work is ing" a new idea to backward stand on moral issues. The lives not possible without an accurate people. Wishing to establish of both the leaders and the memknowledge of the people. There- clinics in a new area, Dr. Ago bers of the churches have furfore the first demand is: get to first called on the local church nished the strongest testimony know the people, their language, members, taking plenty of time ethics, laws and religion. With- to explain his plan. to the truth of their message. out winning their confidence, Evangelicals also have a good far-reaching influence over them Then he had to persuade the record in public morals. The is impossible. municipal authorities that he fight against alcoholism was was not trying to undermine started and carried on almost Australian Aborigines their prestige. ' Next, the local entirely by them; pro t est s drugs shops had to be convinced against public dance halls and Missionary leaders in Aus- that the clinks would help, not prostitution come largely from tralia are considering the prob- hinder, their trade. The dentist the same source; campaigns lem of the 77,000 Aborigines had to be drawn into the project, against the cockpit and other with great care. This is attrib- and lastly, each of the above had forms of gambling originate uted to a change in public opin- to be persuaded to serve as ad- with the Protestants. ion. vertisers of the proposed clinic. Other elements favoring Prot- Some of the questions that When all this was done, the shy- estantism are the general adhave come up for discussion have ness and fear of the first ven- vance of education, the large to do wi,th aboriginal customs- turesome patients had to be dealt number of educated, liberal nomwhat should be allowed and what with. Then, at last, word spread inal Roman Catholics who have forbidden; the overlapping of abroad that here was help for no vital church membership but

believe in God, and the strongly To Raise Standard of Ministers writes the Pocket Testament anti-Fascist attitude of Evan- League of the religious work gelical Christians. They offer a After a two-year study, a carried on at the prison. reasonable faith to hundreds of commission of the Disciples' thousands of young people in Church introduced a resolution There is an organization here in the schools. at the International Convention the West known as the "Fellowship in in Columbus, Ohio (October Bible Reading," whose aim is to get -Christian Century. 28) , proposing the following as many Bible readers as possible minimum requirements for min- each year during the month of Oc- NORTH AMERICA isterial ordination: tober to concentrate in reading a cer- tain Book of the Bible each day dur- Students As Evangelists 1. Good moral character and per- ing the month. This year the Book sonal fitness for the ministry. of Romans has been selected for spe- Because they feel that a true cial reading and studying. Those Christian life is the only answer 2. A full college course or its equiv- joining agree to read at least four to the problems facing college alent and, if possible, graduate train- chapters a day in Romans during Ocstudents everywhere, the stu- ing in religion. tober, or as another choice they may dents of Wheaton College, Illi- read Romans through in one reading nois, have sent 15,000 copies of 3. Experience in Christian work at least once a week during October, St. John's Gospel to the students which shows real leadership, vision, or they may agree to read Romans of the University of California. pastoral qualities and preaching abil- through daily during October. Here Each copy is inscribed with the ity. in the prison 143 have signed up to statement: "This little booklet join the Fellowship in concentrating will help us all to win in the As matters now stand, a per- on the book of Romans during Ocgame of life." son without even a high school tober. Six of those signing up are education may be ordained in inmates on the condemned row, who Theodore Benson, senior at the church. Opposition to these are facing execution shortly. The Wheaton College and president requirements is expected from a number of inmates who have joined of the Scripture Distribution So- group of conservatives who will the Fellowship by no means takes in ciety there, says: "Our purpose contend it would be a step away all those in the prison daily reading is to discharge our responsibil- from the church's historical con- a portion of the Bible. There is a ity as Christian students to these gregationalism, and toward ec- lot of Bible reading here in the prison our fellow students. We know clesiasticism. Furthermore, be- by the inmates. of no more effective way to reach cause of their independence local the student world than to pre- congregations would not be Religious Radio Programs sent them with the Word of bound to observe the require- God." ments. The Federal Council is spon- soring a new program of radio Survey of American Girls Juvenile Crime Deterrent religion. In addition to the two regular programs of religious A composite picture of the Here is a suggestion in the worship on Sunday which have American girl, 1937 model, is field of crime prevention. Juve- been broadcast for several years presented by General Foods, nile court workers have discov- there will now be a daily pro- Inc., as the result of an effort to ered that many children who are gram of a rather different chardiscover facts about future brought into court are charged acter from 12: 00 to 12: 15 homemakers. From a question- either with stealing toys or steal- every weekday of the year. naire, submitted to shoppers in ing money to buy toys. Out of These noonday messages will be half a million retail food stores, this grew the idea of establish- inspirational and educational in it appears that six out of every ing a toy-lending "library." One character, addressed particularly ten American girls between the has been operating for several to the public. The same speaker ages of 18 and 25 attend church months in Kansas City, Mo., and will be heard each Monday for a regularly. a second one is now being pre- period of three months; another pared there by women of Grace speaker each Tuesday, another Reasons given for non-attend- and Holy Trinity Cathedral. each Wednesday, and so on ance were: through Saturday. The play room in the parish Too lazy …………….. . 36.5% house is to contain the collection The Foreign Missions Confer- Lack of interest ………. . 28.5% of toys, new and "recondi- ence is cooperating in this Too busy ……………. . 19.0% tioned," which the women have presentation. Inconvenient …………. . been collecting. Any child in the 9.2% neighborhood may have a "li- America's Spending brary" card, signed by parent or In answer to the question: guardian, entitling him to bor- The National Committee for "Do you consider it more desir- row a toy. When it is returned Religion and Welfare Recovery able or less desirable, than it in good condition, he may take has prepared a chart to show was in your mother's day, to out another. The toys will be that the American public gave take an active part in church af- sterilized on return. fairs?" replies were given: 30 % less to churches, 29 % less "Fellowship in Bible Reading" More………………… 37.3% to general benevolences, 24 % Less ………………… 26.30/0 The chaplain of California Same………………… 35.70/0 State Prison at San Quentin less to community chests, and 18 % less to colleges in 1936 than was given from the smaller in- comes of 1932. On the other hand, expenditures for jewelry,

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

theaters, cigarettes, automobiles. Creek Indian Christians race are characteristics of the army and navy, whiskey, radio Indian people. The Indian has come a long and beer increased from 25 % to way in spiritual development, as Their belief that, although life 31 rtf). -The Living Chu,rch. evidenced in a recent meeting of is mysterious in all its manifes- 1,000 Creek Indians near Eu- tations, yet it can be trusted if Land of the Unexpected faula, Oklahoma. The preacher human beings act in cooperation was Roly Canard, chief of the with it, may be the secret of the Think of a church service at Creeks. Although a university Indian characteristics of poise which every inhabitant of a vil- graduate and a master of Eng- and restfulness, quiet strength lage is present; where every lish, Canard preferred to speak of character, a keen sense of huworshipper sang all the hymns in his native tongue, as do most mor and delight in the gay and from memory! Rev. C. O. of the Creeks both in private and joyous. Unhurried by life's de- Weber, Moravian pastor of Win- in public. Only the text, which mands, they take time to think ston-Salem, N. C., found this was repeated many times with clearly and concretely. Expectamong the unexpected experi- emphasis, was spoken in Eng- ing its constant changes, they ences of a visit to Alaska. lish: "Behold, how good and face the world with courage.- how pleasant it is for brethren The National Board Y. W. C. A. When he arrived in a village to to dwell together in unity!" speak in a church, the bell was Health Education at Sitka, rung long and vigorously. To Around the tabernacle and his delight he found the congre- church building were smaller Alaska gation eagerly drinking in every arbors and sheds under which word of the message and no were long dining tables. Beyond A new departure in health watches pulled out to check the these outdoor dining and cook- education for both boys and time. He was amazed to hear ing quarters were the tents of girls at Sheldon Jackson School, Eskimo Christians pray in pub- the hundreds of families who Sitka, Alaska, has been more lic fluently, and to note the ex- had come for the four-day meet- thorough testing for tubercupressions on their uplifted faces. ing. losis, which is greatly on the in- This is his answer to the ques- crease among the native population he is often asked: "Are re- Without a leader, one Indian tion of Alaska. In Sitka governsults worth the time and money after another starts a hymn if ment school last year, 78 per spent?" he feels the urge and others join cent of the children were found in. Another common practice to be infected. This is partly -Moravian Missions. is for all to pray aloud at the due to poor living conditions; same time. Often this unison of partly to the lack of recreational From Communism to prayer is for some common ob- facilities, but alcohol is probably ject, such as the recovery of a the largest contributing factor. the Church sick brother, or the missionary work of the association. After One phase of this health ex- A. J. Muste, who has recently a few minutes all voices are periment is the isolation and become minister of Lab 0 r silent save one, and the prayer special care of a group of twelve Temple, New York, succeeding is concluded by this one peti- tubercular suspects. This group Edmund B. Chaffee, has issued tioner. has a special table in the dining the following statement: room. Their dishes are segre- -Southern Baptist Home gated and sterilized. Each sus- I return from the left wing political Missions. pect is isolated in the dormitory movement, from radical Marxism, and is given a special rest each from passionate secular idealism, The Gifts of the Indian day. -Presbyterian Banner. which made me condemn the Church People as conservative, as retarding prog- United Christian Council ress, as martyring free spirits. I re- Because the Indian people of Alaska turn to the Church! Why? Because have felt that usefulness without these years of experience have taught beauty is not enough, they have A United Christian Council of me that the Church of the redeemed created beauty in design, sym- Alaska wit h representatives is the only great redeeming agency. bolism, color, rhythm and poetic from the Congregational-Chris- The nucleus of any effective movement thought. For our use they have tian Churches, the Metlakatla against war, against a social order brought corn and other foods Christian Mission and the Methbased on the spirit and method of and herbs, they have broken odist Episcopal Church has been war, will have to be composed of trails for us and taught us ways organized and incorporated in those who by the grace of God, and of living in the out-of-doors. the State of Illinois. insight into the meaning of the Cross, have renounced the spirit of war; To value character above pos- Formed on July 10, the Counfirst in their own hearts and then and sessions, to consider one's tribe cil will be an elastic, interdenomtherefore, in all relationships of life; above oneself, to appreciate the inational group designed to proof those who know the overcoming achievements of others, to wel- mote closer cooperation among power of prayer and humility and come the stranger, to respect the participating denominations sacrifice; of those who are not led childhood and age, to feel al- at work in Alaska. The sponastray by the will to dominate or de- ways a self-respecting pride of sors hope and expect that other stroy anyone, because Christ lives in them. The Church often fails in this, but I see no other agency doing it at all. That is why I return to the Church.

-Federal Council Bulletin.

denominations willJater join the diers to buy copies of the New Matto Grosso, Brazil Council. It marks a.:distinct ad- Testament and ask for prayer. The definite aim of the Inland vance in a cooperative approach to home missionary tasks. Uther mIssionaries keep in touch South America Mis s ion a r y Union is to reach the Indian Among the practical develop- with college students. Full use world, and its purpose is to carry the Gospel to tribes not ments that have resulted is the is made of the press and book -The Christian. shops.

launching of the Alaska Marine Forward in Colombia included in the plans of other Mission to serve the vast, hither- organizations. One can scarcely to neglected territory in Alaska. The Synod of Colombia was believe that regions on this earth duly organized in Bogota on still exist where men live as July 29, a milestone in the his- "Children of Eden," ignorant of LATIN AMERICA tory of Presbyterian missions in the existence of a world outside that country. Rev. Julio Her- their own. The heart of MaUo Sunday School Influence Brazil, Argentina, Chile and nandez, pastor of Sec 0 nd Grosso, Brazil, is such a region, Mexico have each their own na- C h u r c h, BarranquiIla, was and its evangelization has for tional Sunday school missionary elected moderator; Rev. E. G. years been the hope of the Inengaged in developing Sunday Seel, secretary, and Rev. Gus- land S. A. Missionary Union. school work. Textbooks in Span- tavo Villa, treasurer. Delegates The first missionary expediish and Portuguese are being from the three presbyteries, with tion of the Mission was launched prepared for the training of the help of a map, indicated their in 1926 when possibilities were Sunday school teachers. In Ar- fields of activity and the limits gauged. In 1934 another start gentina alone over 2,000 young of their territory, also the re- was made. A third expedition people have undergone training gions to which they hoped to ex- resulted in the erection of a misfor Sunday school and Bible tend the preaching of the Gospel. sion station. This third expediclass work. From the start, the It was shown that if the work tion covered 2,000 miles in 75 Sunday school, for both adults is continued with enthusiasm, days. Thirty-four days were and children, has been one of soon no one will be able to pass spent in canoeing. The main the most successful agencies of through Colo m b i a without purposes of the journey were: touching some evangelical terri- to visit the circuit of Indian vilthe evangelical movement. It is estimated that there are tory. lages and to introduce the pionow more than 2,000,000 people 'l'he importance of having a neer missionaries – the Big connected with Pro t est ant well-organized seminary for the White Chief and the White churches in South America, and theological and pedagogical Mother; to choose a site suitfreedom of thought and expres- training of national workers was able for the mission station and sion has been greatly increased. made clear; in fact, all the pro- to devote some time in building posals, plans and projects were a mission house; to reestablish Work Goes on in Mexico directed toward a great central friendship with the fierce Ka- purpose, and gave the idea of In spite of restrictions, Prot- the different pieces of a jig-saw mauras, whose hostility had been estant missionaries remain in puzzle which only needed to be of nine years standing, due to a Mexico, doing effective work, in fitted into place to reveal the or- breach of promise made by an dered whole. some respects even better than explorer. They had closed their before. Here are some new -Colombian Clippings. tribal portals to every outsider, including foreigner and Indian. methods that have been adopted. Cuban Schools In one of the best restaurants Requests are now coming The educational problem in of Mexico City, "Wednesday Cuba has yet to be solved. Gov- from the Indians themselves ask- Breakfasts" are arranged by ernment high schools and uni- ing for the "good people," mean- Dr. Wallace, a Presbyterian mis- versities are closed, and a few ing the missionaries, to come in sionary, and Professor Baez and live with them. Camargo, Secretary of the Na- -Amazon Valley Indian.

tional Council of Evangelical mission schools have been the Fascism in BTazil Churches. Members of the in- only secondary schools open durtellectual classes are invited to ing recent troublesome years. Evangelical churches of Bra- the breakfasts, and invariably Among the boarding students zil are thoroughly alarmed over listen with deep interest to mes- this year at the Baptist Colegio the increasing menace of Fassages on vital topics by Chris- Internacionales are Carlos Man- cism. Organized about five tian leaders. uel and Flavio de Cespedes, two years ago, mainly with Italian Mr. Norman Taylor, also a grandsons of a former president and German descendants or .nat- Presbyterian missionary, is do- of Cuba and great-grandsons of uralized citizens, Fascism soon ing splendid work among sol- the Cuban patriot and first revo- gained the support of many libdiers. He visits the camps in lutionary president, Carlos Man- erals and young leaders in the his motor-car, entertains the uel de Cespedes. This is a tes- Protestant churches, who not soldiers with a port.able wireless timony to the confidence placed only came out openly for the set, and then gives a Gospel talk. in the school. cause, but distributed literature -WatchrYUJ,n-Examiner. among fellow churchmen. It is usual for many of the sol-

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

Methodism voices its appre- MISCELLANEOUS Anti-Semitism hension in the Expositor Christao: Church Council Discusses War A conference held at Prince- ton, N. J., in September on the "Every Protestant or Evan- Should America go to war Jew and the Pre s b y t e ria n gelical is, by nature, a liberal with Japan? Is China guiltless Church went on record as urgdemocrat. It follows, therefore, in the present slaughter? Will ing the Presbyterian Church to that Fascist violence will be dictator nations crush democ- speak out clearly on the dangers aimed against the physical life racy? These questions were of anti-Semitism to the Church of the Evangelicals, in case it put to Methodist leaders in Chi- itself, and to take its full share wins out in Brazil. Millions of cago recently. Bitter condemna- of responsibility for the relief of Brazilians are under this threat, tion of the smugness of democ- the social, human and spiritual among them the great majority racies in not considering the eco- needs of the victims of antiof the Evangelicals." The two nomic needs of over-populated Semitism, wherever found. branches of Presbyterianism- nations now enslaved by dicta- Independent and Synodical- tors vied with vehement denun- The purpose of this Conferhave condemned all extremist ciation of the bombing of Chi- ence was to appraise the work regimes. nese cities. Some advocated for the Jews now being carried swift and complete embargoes; on by the Presbyterian Church The Congregational Church others saw embargoes as useless through the community 0 r went farther, and adopted the and vicious. A II inveighed neighborhood c en t e r, and following resolutions: "(1) No against America resorting to through the parish approach, pastor shall be permitted to af- arms to curb Japan in China. whereby churches are urged to filiate himself with the Fascist extend their services and welparty. (2) All churches which Dr. Elbert M. Conover, of come to Jewish neighbors; to' have members who are already Philadelphia, advocated a light- consider the problems arising in Fascists shall exhort them to ningembargo on war material, connection with it; and to deabandon such a doctrine; but including oil and other elements velop a more adequate and efif they persist in remaining vital to fighting, while Rev. N. fective program. such, they must be cut off the A. Christensen of Oakland, Cal., church rolls. (3) Any church was just as positive that an em- -Monday Morning. which allows Fascists in its bargo is useless, dangerous and membership, shall be excluded evil, because it imposes the pun- Problem of Mission Property from the union." ishment on the people least re- sponsible for war, and leads al- One of the problems of the es- -Christian Century. most inevitably to war. Diplo- tablishment, and relationships matic and social ostracism even- of an independent national Demand for Books tually can apply sufficient pres- Church to the home board has to sure to break any nation's ruth- do with the fact that in almost Dr. R. E. Diffendorfer says lessness. Such ostracism is every mission field new national that in South America the rapid slower, but more' drastic in or ultra-nationalistic regulations progress in secular education effect. are affecting the tenure or title has gone far beyond the ability or terms of mission property of the Evangelical churches and Sacrificial Giving holdings. In Mexico many clear the missions to follow the new titles have been simply wiped intellectuals with an adequate Missionaries see the world's out by the Government, with no Christian m e s sag e. These desperate need at close range. remuneration or redress. Elsegroups know philosophy, politi- Nearly $5,000 out of their per- where increments of value have cal economy, economics and sonal incomes has been contrib- been denied or imperilled. In sociology, educational theory and uted by Presbyterian mission- many lands the nat ion a I practice, and especially the aries to the Centennial Fund of churches are disposed to argue physical and social sciences. To the Board of Foreign Missions. that all mission property is held reach these groups by the sole If their average gift were in trust for them, even though method of preaching and organ- equaled by each of the 2,000,000 it was wholly provided from the izing churches is to lose the op- Presbyterian church members at west, or by people who gave it, portunity. Books need to be home, the reply of the Church to not for the endowment of the written by Latins or translated the General Assembly's urging Church in some one land, but from English, and from other "that the churches and individ- for use in the evangelization of languages on the Christian mes- uals make a sacrificial response" the whole world. sage of the world today. He to the appeal for a $1,000,000 further says that the scarcity of Centennial Fund would make a -Presbyterian Banner. reading material in some lan- total response of at least $10,- guages is so great that many 000,000. Every member of the "To myself a heart of steel; boys and girls lapse into illit- Board and of its executive and To my fellows a heart of eracy after havirig completed clerical staff has contributed to love; the work of the primary schools. the Centennial Fund. To my God a heart of flame." -Christian Advocate.

~'====""==",==========~'~

i Our Missionary Bookshelf I I Books Briefly Reviewed for the Readers' Information ~,===—–==——–=======""",-,==~,~ A Bible Believing Church. The gives new courage; greater zeal is the result of painstaking Nevius Plan for M.ission Work, Il- study, marked by discerning lustrated in Korea. By Charles and stimulates faith in spiritual a n a I y s e s. The journalistic Allen Clark. 8vo. 370 pp. $2.00. Christian Literature Society. Seoul, methods. The work is one of the sources which underlie the body Korea and E. C. Heinz, 3624 Fifth most outstanding examples of of the text have this unique fea- mission work in the world. It is ture that they present the co- Ave., So., Minneapolis. 1937. well organized but does not Are missionary executives spend its strength on machinery. temporaneous opinions of the proven to be too satisfied with There is life in the organizm. editors. Rather than say that conservative, old-time methods? Every missionary in every the book is well documented, it .Are they and the missionaries field will do well to read this im- should be said that it is in the portant report. The methods main-and professedly so-doctoo hesitant to break loose from need not be slavishly copied but conventional lines and to pioneer they teach lessons that could be uments with interpretative comin missionary activities? As a put into practice in other fields ments. also. Churches at home would matter of fact most modern mis- also profit by a fresh study of The history sketches for the sionary work has broken away these ideals and by adopting reader Japan's emergence from many of these methods. from Apostolic New Testament her centuries of seclusion and methods and has attempted to Japan in American Public Opinion. proceeds to detail what she establish occidental institutions By Eleanor Tupper, Ph.D., and learned from the West-the way George E. McReynolds, Ph.D. 465 in lands where life is more pp. $3.75. Macmillan. 1937. we live, what we know, what we simple and primitive. Dr. John believe and how we fight. What Some time ago it was pointed we condemn in Japan's use of L. Nevius, for many years a mis- out that history centered first in modern engines of war, on the sionary in China, strongly ad- the Mesopotamian region, then earth, in the air, and under the around the Mediterranean basin, vocated a return to apostolic then on the Atlantic coasts, and sea, she learned from the West. methods; this was forty years finally in our day on the Pacific. In condemning her appropriatago. He emphasized evangelism This progress westward fol- ing policy, we condemn our- lowed the migration of the J arather than institutionalism; an phetic races. There was also a selves. great migration eastward, unindigenous church with early til now mankind has almost The volume, in conducting us filled the earth. Japan and through the phases of the probself-support and self-government America are turning back on rather than continued foreign themselves. It would be well if lem of the Japanese in Califorcontrol; and spiritual emphasis each could do the turning grace- nia and Hawaii, the wars with fully; it would be better if they China and Russia, the annexaon Bible lines rather than could do it in the Christian way. tion of Korea, through questions higher intellectual training to "Japan in American Public of immigration and n a val reach secular standards. The Opinion" recounts the way J a- Presbyterian mission in Korea pan has been turning for the quotas, the Japanese Monroe last few decades, as observed by Doctrine, the 21 demands, the early adopted the Nevius ideals authors and editors in America. Lytton Report, and the like, and methods and the results The book is an encyclopedic have been among the wonders of source book of facts concerning leads us up through the intricamodern missions. Dr. Clark de- political changes in China and cies of Japan's operations on the Japan, and in America vis-a-vi:s continent of Asia to the summer scribes these methods, how they of 1937. have been applied and the effect. Numerical results show 180,640 .To statesman, merchant, and new converts to Christ in nine years. This is equivalent to 70 missionary the volume is a valu- able storehouse of information. new parishes, each with an aver- It presents both sides of the sitage of 300 believers every year. uations and should have on both Here is the story of how this was ,sides of the Pacific a wholesome done without a large staff of foreign workers or the expenditure influence on those to whom facts have the major appeal. of large sums of foreign funds.

It is a thrilling story that these two countries. The volume G. P. PIERSON.

Any of the books noted in these columns will be sent by the REVIEW publishers on receipt of price.

[ 616 ]

OUR MISSIONARY BOOKSHELF

Then and Now in Kenya Colony. of nature and of man's place and the facts stated. The index is By Willis R. Hotchkiss. 160 pp. purpose in relation to God. confined to names of authorities Price, $1.50. Fleming H. Revell quoted. A bibliography of ref- Company, New York, N. Y. 1937. Dr. Morrison is one of the out- erence books would be exceed- standing Christian scholars of ingly helpful. "It is given to few men in this Great Britain. He is too big a wonderful century of develop- soul and too sane a thinker to be Definite Experience. By A. S. Wilment to have witnessed the son of New Zealand. 128 pp. Margrowth of a colony from relative classed either as a Fundamen- shall Morgan & Scott, Ltd. London. savagery to a high degree of talist who defies or ignores civilization." That privilege has science, or a Modernist who ab- In our daily experience and been enjoyed by Mr. Hotchkiss jectly surrenders to science and teaching we are prone to emphain Kenya Colony on the East ignores the evidence of God's size faith, if we are introspec- Coast of Africa. He went to tive in our thinking, and works Africa forty years ago "not be- revelation of truth. The dictum if we are retrospective. In his cause men were heathen and in of authority "Men of science tell timely volume Mr. Wilson brings need of civilization, but because us" is but a poor substitute for faith and experience, or "faith men were sinners and needed a and works," into a beautiful and Saviour." "Thus saith the Lord." convincing harmony. He shows that to be filled with the Spirit In the process of presenting These seven studies were in is not only a privilege of the that Saviour the missionaries part given as Cunningham Lec- Christian but is necessary for a have found that Africans, ac- turers in New College, Edin- fruitful Christian life. cepting the Christian way of life, have assumed many of the burgh, in 1936. They take up On page 74 we find this harmore desirable qualities of our mony brought out clearly. Mr. civilization. The author shows the wonders revealed by the mi- Wilson says that Romans 8: 13 also that the white man's ideas croscope, the telescope, radiation is "one of the deepest teachings and methods are not always and chemistry, the mysteries of of the Word on sanctification. helpful. Often Africans who science, the supernatural, evolu- Sin remains in the body to the have come in contact with the end. The deeds of the body, each new environment of the cities, tion and the "ascent or fall of sin, as it seeks to rise up, can be far from the restraints of vil- man." They are interesting and put to death. It is the presence lage life and tribal connections, of Christ, through the Holy Spirfind it difficult to withstand the clear, scientific and reverent, it that does this." temptations and are greatly de- sane and honest. The most emimoralized by influences which nent and up-to-date scientists Holy living is emphasized they do not understand and to are freely quoted. Many of them throughout the book. Chapter which they cannot adjust them- seven on "Be filled with the Spirselves. honestly admit that "science is it" should be noted as outstand- completely baffled" to explain ing. The author's use of the The effectiveness of Christ in such things as whence came phrase "Bringing in the Kingchanging the lives of men is dis- dom," is post-millennia1. closed when Mr. Hotchkiss says: matter, motion, life, and man. "One conviction alone has re- His view of miracles is that they A. H. PERPETUO. mained not only unaltered, but confirmed with cumulative force are not contrary to nature but Men of the Outposts. The Romance throughout the years, and that transcend our knowledge. He of the Modern Christian Movement. is that the Cross of Christ is the views Christ as unique, "a By Herbert Welch. 8vo. 261 pp. all-sufficient answer to the prob- veritable incarnation of God." $2.00. The Abingdon Press. New lems of Africa, as to the rest of York. 1937. the world." He believes that evolution is only a theory and has been very There is no more stimulating CLARA L. BENTLEY. much overworked, is often mis- reading than good biographies- history teaching by examp~e. Christian Faith and the Science of understood and takes too much The life stories of great and Today. By J. H. Morrison. 8vo. for granted. "Redemption, not godly men and women reveal 228 pp. $2.00. Cokesbury Press. God working in human life. Nashville. 1936. evolution, is the Christian watch- Here are twelve fascinating sketches and interpretations of Here is a book that will repay word." He holds that the "Chris- nine men and three women who any intelligent man or woman tian doctrine of the fall of man gave their lives and used their for reading. Ministers, teach- is not necessarily in conflict with talents sacrificially to advance ers, missionaries, and others who the findings of modern science. the cause of Christ among manare sometimes disturbed by the kind, especially in mission lands. claims of modern science, or ill- . . . When man sinned he fell, They include pioneers – Xavier informed or half-baked expon- and suffered a permanent moral and Livingstone; evangelistsents of scientific theories, will disablement. . . . Christian op- John Wesley and William Tayfind here a scientific but sane lor; educators·- Wm. Clark of . and reverent study of the facts timism is based on redemption, Japan and Isabella Thoburn of not on development; on the di- vine grace that sends help from above, not on any power in man to evolve."

This volume would be a good antidote to the false and hasty conclusions of science (falsely so-called) as taught in many of our schools and colleges. Ex- tremists on both sides will no doubt disagree with some con- clusions but they cannot dispute

India; doctors-C h r i s tie of 000 Negroes out of 11,800,000 dently writes with the Lutheran Manchuria and Schweitzer of (or about 50 per cent) are not constituency especially in·mind.

Africa; Christian soc i a 1 re- members of any church." The The book, however, has a timely formers-Verbeck of Japan and percentage is larger in urban message for evangelicals of Mary Slessor of Calabar.; and centers. "This constitutes a every name. The pOSition of the home base leaders-Bishop Wm. challenge to the churches for a author will be regarded by many M. McDowell and John'R. Mott. united march against sin and as extremely conservative, but Only two of the twelve'tare still for the salvation of souls." it is temperate and scholarly. living and working on ·'earth. Among the religious sects re- He does not contend that the The least known is William S. ported are "Black Jews," Mos- writers of the Bible were mere Clark; all are worthy of more lems, "Faith Eternal" (Father amanuenses whose personalities intimate acquaintance. There is Divine), and Moorish sects. The were submerged in the commu- variety in their characters, their largest ,number of Negroes are nication of the divine message.

fields of service, their types of members :of the Negro Baptist What is insisted upon is that the work; all were actuated by de- Church (1,950,296 members). writers were preserved from er- votion to Chrisf"imd by a desire Other churches with over 100,- ror of statement and that no to help theiriellow men and to 000 each are African Methodist view of inspired communication bring them into harmony with (6 branches) and white Meth- can be intellectually sound in the will of Goo. odist Episcopal. which inspiration does not ex- Dr. Welch is a bishop of the The section on "The Negro in tend to words which correctly Methodist Episcopal Church and Poetry and Fine Arts" is very express the truth. To hold that was for sixteen years in Japan. interesting – including "the ori- only the thought is inspired These studies, given as lectures gin of the tango." raises the serious difficulty as to at Drew University, are well More might be said to advan- whether the mind is capable of written; they offer valuable il- tage on the Negroes' missionary entertaining any intelligent conlustrative material for sermons work at home and abroad. as well as interesting half-hour ception which does not take form in words. .

fireside readings. The index re- Mann of the Border. By D. Emmett The most valuable portion of Alter. 188 pp. $1.00. Wm. B. veals a wealth of topics and per- Eerdmans Publishing Co., Grand the book, however, is not the dis" sonalities that have contributed Rapids, Mich. 1937. to the onward march of Chris- cussion of varied positions touchtianity. This story of a medical mis- sionary on the Northwest Fron- ing the question of inspiration, Negro Year Book. An Annual En- tier of India, among the wild cyclopedia of the Negro. 1937-8. tribes of the Afghan borders, is but the author's careful exam- Edited by Monroe N. Work. 8vo. written by a missionary of the 575 pages. $2.00. Tuskegee In- United Presbyterian Church. ination of the internal evidence stitute, Alabama. He does not make clear whether the stirring incidents described which the Scripture itself af- This ninth edition of the year are based on fact or whether book is exceedingly valuable be- they are oniy fiction. The cham- fords. We could hardly suggest cause of its comprehensive and pion for Islam, a fanatic Mullah, up-to-date information on the meets the Doctor at first by open a more painstaking and satissubject and the arrangement of opposition and violent words and topics which make it easy for threats; then they meet at a factory digest of this evidence, reference. wrestling bout where American dash and jiu-jitsu overcome the unless it be found in the large Both students and general readers will find it good reading volume by Gaussen bearing the title "Theopneustia." In the light of powerful evidence the open-minded reader will realize how much more consistent and logical is the author's view than are any of the prevailing alter- natives. HUGH R. MONRO.

and worth owning. For example, brawn and weight of the stal- Scripture Calendars for 1938. Pick- wart Afghan. Finally the Mul- ering & Inglis. London. the section on "Some: Achievements of the American Negro" lah's followers are won by Each of these calendars carry a daily Bible message and some shows their ec9nomic progress, Christlike love and service. The of them have also helpful comtheir intellectua] and cultural ac- story is well told but the miscomplishments, their inventions sionary approach is not ideal. S. M. Z. ments by s u c h well-known and standing in the field of preachers and authors as Bishop sports, as well as in business, The Foundations Must Stand. By P. Moule, C. H. Spurgeon, D. L. E. Kretzmann, Ph.D., D.D. 123 pp. politics and religion. On the Concordia Publishing House, St. Moody, Arthur T. Pie r son, other hand, the Negroes' crime record is not ignored. The Louis, Mo. – James Stalker, C. I. Scofield, F.

famous "Scottsboro Case" is This small volume dealing R. Havergal, J. R. Miller, Adolph dealt with impartially and' its with the inspiration of the Bible Sophir and Alexander McLaren. is a veritable arsenal for the de- They are mounted on attractive, significance is indicated.

In the section on the "Church fender of the faith. Its author lithographed picture cards made Among the Negrot!s" (30 pages) is a professor in a seminary of for hanging on the wall. They we read that "more than 6,000.- the Lutheran Church and evi- make very acceptable gifts, rang-

ing in price from 1 shilling to 2 life and progress of the people Hallock Johnson suggests in his shillings, 6 pence. each. of India. Reports on cholera, introduction, in the manner by smallpox and plague show an in- which the argument in each There are also almanacs with crease. Leprosy, venereal dis- chapter is turned into an appeal. Scripture texts and "Golden eases and tuberculosis are also Grain Diaries (Is. to 6s. 6d. studied. The information on J. WESLEY INGLES. each), and Christmas cards 15 Government education is meager. for Is. 9d.). Ali Lives in Iran. By Caroline Singer The Heart of the Christian Faith. and Cyrus LeRoy Baldridge. Illus. A Mighty Winner of Souls: The Life By Francis Shunk Downs. 209 pp. 72 pp. $1.75. Holiday House. of Charles G. Finney: A Study in $1.50. American Tract Society. New York. 1937. Evangelism. By Frank Grenville New York. 1937. Beardsley, Ph.D. 192 pp. $1.50. This fascinating story of a American Tract Society, New York. This little volume deals with little boy and girl (Fatima) who the cardinal verities of the lived in Iran, as Persia is now ~…. 1937. Christian faith, making its ap- called, is based on firsthand ob- No man was more used of God peal to the heart more than to servations made during a motor journey of 5,000 miles in Iran. in his day and generation than the head. The book is most attractively the subject of this biography. Dr. Downs, as a preacher in printed, and illustrated with Tens of thousands of people marginal drawings. Children throughout the United States the First Presbyterian Church who read will be captivated by were brought to Christ through of Berkeley, California, minis- it and will learn to understand his preaching. He reminds one ters to large bodies of university their Iranian brothers and sisof the Scripture that says: "His students, and gives here a series ters better through their lives ministers a flame of fire." The of sermons on doctrinal themes. pictured here. Jewish Isaac, author was Professor of The- His chapter on "The Inspired Zoroastrian Cyrus' and Chrisology and is now Chaplain of the Book" dismi,sses apparent dis- tian Luke are also introduced Missouri Society S. A. R. His crepancies as due to errors in with good effect. knowledge of Church History is translation or errors in transadequate for a proper presenta- mission, and meets not at all the Full Assurance. H. A. Ironside, D.D. tion of this life and its back- problem of an inspired and in- .125 pp. 75 cents. The Bible Instiground. He portrays Finney as fallible Canon without an in- tute Colportage Assn. Chicago. a winner of souls, as an evan- fallible Church to select it. The gelistic leader, as pastor of a book moves into a much stronger 1937. church and also tells of his con- position in the second chapter nection with the founding of on "The Person of Our Lord One of the largest Protestant Oberlin College. In the words Jesus Christ," where Dr. Downs congregations i n America – of the Preface: "Nothing will lays his finger correctly on "the more than three thousand-regserve to promote an interest in central issue of controversy in ularly attend the ministry of the evangelism more than a study of our generation." Here is a the lives and measures of the cogent array of testimony to the author of this book at the Moody men who were successful in win- deity of Christ. Memorial church, Chicago. This ning souls in the past, not that we may attempt to reproduce It is both the strength and small volume of sermons extheir methods, but that we may weakness of the book that it is plains this remarkable interest; catch something of their spirit filled with quotations, many of it deals with a vital truth in and discover those principles them marked by vigor, beauty, terms which are readily underwhich underlie all true evan- and truth. In some places the stood. Dr. Ironside is an able gelism." Well worth reading, frequent selections are like and full of inspiration. pearls gathered from many expository preacher and the wide sources and strung on the thread influence of his sermons sug- S. M. Z. of the author's argument. gests that this type of preaching has sustained interest beyond India 1934-35. 8vo. 145 pp. 50 cents. In the midst of an unoriginal Government Press. Delhi, India; treatment of great Biblical other more "modern" types. British Library, 270 Madison Ave., themes, 'are found illustrations New York. 1937. that hav~ne11ing force or clarify- The aim of the auth{i'1"'iri the ing power. Dr. Downs shows present volume is to le'M:Chris- This official report, presented his homiletical gift and ability to to the Indian Parliament, deals organize his material. tians into an experience of enwith agriculture and industry, t ire assurance of salvation commerce, finance, communica- Laymen who have had little through Christ-a high objections, defence, politics, health evangelical teaching and young tive. Each of the ten chapters and education, and scientific sur- people who need aW'arm and is founded on one of the great veys. The wealth of information concise antidote to the popular assuring promises of Scripture gathered is especially important and superficial lectures of some and there is pointed illustration for the Government and those iconoclastic professors that tend and searching comment to bring engaged in education. Nothing to weaken faith. will find much is said about religion but all the help in this little volume. Its the truth home with power. The topics are closely related to the chief virtue lies, as Dr. Wm. popular essays on ethics and so- cial behavior are shallow sub- stitutes for the satisfying spir- itual realities presented in this book. H. R. MONRO.

The Parables of the Gospels: And Those Who Would Enjoy the Their Meaning for Today. By Hugh More Abundant Spiritual Martin, M.A. 251 pp. $2.00. Life Must Seek It Daily Abingdon Press, New York. 'Cb¢ Upp¢r Room This interesting interpretation of the Parables, by a leader in JANUARY, FEBRUARY, MARCH, 1938 the Student Christian Movement Now Ready for Distribution of Great Britain, approaches the subject from the standpoint of Jesus taught his disciples to ask only a daily portion from present-day needs and issues. Heaven's inexhaustible store-"daily bread"-"daily forgive- His purpose is to furnish a book ness from sin"-"daily deliverance from temptation." suitable for teachers in the classroom and the pulpit, and not to It has been the sole purpose of THE UPPER ROOM from supplant larger standard works the beginning to endeavor to re-establish in the minds of on the Parables. An introduc- Christians, regardless of faith or creed, the necessity of some tion, on the character of the form of daily devotions, out of which will most surely come Parables is followed by a treat- a new spiritual vitality for both individuals and church conment based on the translation of gregations. Dr. Moffatt which is used as the text. It is always reverent, Many pastors and group leaders will want to use copies of sometimes incisive and fre- the January, February, March issue of THE UPPER quently portrays a canny insight ROOM as a Christmas gift to members of Bible Classes, into the application of the Par- Young People's Groups, Missionary Societies, and to inables to our own day; for ex- dividual members of the congregation. Special Christmas ample: "Weare still building on envelopes, in two colors, will be furnished at one cent each, sand. The Great War saw the postpaid, in quantities of ten or more j plain, unprinted, at collapse of the imposing edifice fifty cents per hundred, postpaid. of nineteen centuries of 'Progress.' And so little have we Use one of the order forms below. learned the lesson that the few slender gains we thought we had CONSIGNMENT ORDER INDIVIDUAL SUBSCRIPTION' wrested from the wreck, are now disappearing." Issue for January, February, March THB UPPBR ROOM, Our chief criticism is due to (For use of Pastor or Group Leader. Doctors' Building, the brevity of some chapters. Nashville, Tenn. Only three pages are given to the Order ten or more copies.) Gentlemen: Unjust Steward and seven pages to the Prodigal Son. This means THB UPPBR ROOM, I am inclosing herewith thirty cents (foreign, a very inadequate treatment of forty cents) for which please send me T he Up· the greatest of all our Lord's Dodors' Building, peT Room for one year, postpaid, beginning with Parables. On the other hand, Nashville, Tenn. the book abounds in careful Gentlemen: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _~quarterly is.uc. exegesis. The parable of the Name _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ____ leaven is held to refer, not to Please send me copies of T"e evil, but to the Kingdom of God. Street or Route _______________ Upper Room, postpaid. I will sell these for five S. M. ZWEMER. Post·office __________-"State'_ __ cents per copy and pay for same when sold. It Twelve Clever Girls Who Became *A sin~le copy by mail anywhere 10 cents. Famous Women. By H. A. W. is understood that I have the privilege of return- Hamilton. Illus. 12mo. 95 pp. 1s. Pickering & Inglis. London & ing at your expense Bny unsold copies. Glasgow. 1937. Name _____________________ Some of these women are widely known-like Queen Vic- Street or Route ________________ toria, Frances Ridley Havergal, Post·office _ _ _ _ _ _State'_ __ Mary SIessor, Mrs. Ann H. Judson, and Florence Nightingale. Others, not well known in America, will also repay closer acquaintance. They were all remarkable for their nobility of character and for their useful service. Their life stories will be especially inspiring to young girls.

Books A Christmas Present FOR SALE-3l new white

$2.00 each; 19 new black pleated choir Apostle of Japan, Samuel Isaac . for Your Minister Joseph Schereschewsky. James gowns, $3.75 each. all or part. L. J. Arthur Miller. 264 pp. $2.50. Give a subscription to Morehouse Pub. Co. Milwaukee. LINDNER, 42S-MRvV Seventh Ave., New CHURCH MANAGEMENT York City. Daily Guidance. Fairlie Thornton. 31 pp. 6d. Pickering & Inglis. "Found in Prosperous Churches" Orient-three in India, three in China London. and one in Japan. This is perhaps 1 year, $2.50; 2 years, $4.00 women's greatest and most practical Everyday Life in Burma. Pictures enterprise in Christian international- to be colored. Is. S. P. G. London. CHURCH MANAGEMENT ism.

India in 1934-35. 50 cents. 145 pp. Auditorium Building Now, after twenty years, Mrs. Pea- British Library of Information. body goes to the Orient again as an New York. Cleveland, Ohio ambassador of friendship. This is a great work for the emancipation of Japan in American Public Opinion. Year Book of the Society for Propa- women, begun under the "Treaty of Eleanor Tupper and George E. gating the Gospel Among the Bethlehem" through the Saviour of Reynolds. 465 pp. $3.75. Mac- Heathen. 120 pp. S. P. G. London. women. One hundred million women millan. New York. of India are still without expert med- Personal Items ical aid. The demand for graduates Japan Today. T. T. Brumbaugh. of Vellore Medical College make Mrs. 500 pp. Kyo Bun Kwan. Tokyo. Rev. Irwin W. Underhill, Jr., the Peabody's trip of special importance. only Negro missionary in the foreign Men of the Outposts. Herbert Welch. service of the Presbyterian Church, *** $2.00. 261 pp. Abingdon Press. was recently elected a fellow of the New York. Royal Geographical Society for his Dr. E. Stanley Jones will be back splendid work among the pygmies in in India at the end of this year and Miracles in a Doctor's Life. Walter Africa. He is a graduate of the will be available for service in the Lewis Wilson. 122 pp. B. 1. C. School of Finance of the University Indian churches from the beginning Assn. Chicago. of Pennsylvania and of Princeton of 1938. On account of the trouble Theological Seminary. He received between China and Japan it is not The Nevius Plan for Mission Work. the degree of doctor of divinity from possible for him to continue his work Charles Allen Clark. 372 pp. $2.00. Lincoln University recently. in China. Christian Literature Society, Seoul, Korea, or E. C. Heinz, 3645 5th Dr. James K*elly*, s*ecretary of the *** Ave., South, Minneapolis. World's Sunday School Association, Dr. and Mrs. Fred H. Hope, mis- Negro Year Book-1937-38. Monroe recently visited Bulgaria in the in- sionaries of the Presbyterian Church N. Work. 575 pp. Negro Year terests of religious education. He in Cameroun, West Africa, have re- Book Publishing Co. Tuskegee, Ala. also visited Jugoslavia t;) confer on cently returned to Elat where they the reorganization of Christian youth have been engaged in missionary work On the Holy Mount. Joseph Pearce. work so as to place it on a more stable for over twenty-five years. Dr. Hope 95 pp. Is. Pickering & Inglis. basis. is superintendent of the Frank James London. Industrial School, a very effective *** mission enterprise. Twelve Clever Girls Who Became Famous Women. J. A. W. Hamil- Dr. John H. Finley, editor of the The Presbyterian ton. mus. 96 pp. Is. Pickering New York Times, and Dr. Arthur H. & Inglis. London. Compton, winner of the Nobel prize A weekly religious newspaper in for physics in 1927, and professor of its lo6th year of continuous pub- Under New Management. Raymond physics at the University of Chicago, Iication under the same name. H. Benton. 128 pp. Is. 3d. Pick- have been appointed co-chairmen of ering & Inglis. London. the laymen's committee of the $10,- It is conservative and evangel- 000,000 sesquicentennial fund for The W orId from a Window Garden. Christian Education. This fund is to ical, gets its news by telegraph Grace E. Pulling. mus. 90 pp. stabilize the financial situation of 54 S. P. G. London. Presbyterian colleges and 52 univer- and keeps abreast of the times. sity centers where the Presbyterian John Wesley's Awakening. James Church through its Board of Chris- It goes into every state of the Richard Joy. 50 cents. 124 pp. tian Education maintains pastors. Methodist Book Concern. New Union, the District of Columbia, York. *** and U. S. possessions.

Ali Lives in Iran. Caroline Singer Mrs. Henry W. Peabody, formerly It goes to Asia and Africa, South and Cyrus LeRoy Baldridge. mus. a missionary to India and of recent 72 pp. $1.75. Holiday House. years well known for her effective America, Canada and New Zealand New York. activity in behalf of peace, temper- and into twelve countries of Eu- ance and missions has been requested rope. Religion on the American Frontier. by the directors of Madras Christian Vol. II, The Presbyterians, 1783- College for Women, Madras, and the Subscription Price, – 1840. William Warren Sweet. 939 directors of the Women's Christian Ministerial Rate, pp. $3.50. Harpers. New York. Medical College, Vellore, South India, to go to India for the celebration of 50e. extra—Canadian postage The Study of the Bible. Ernest Cad- the twentieth anniversary of Vellore man Colwell. 184 pp. $2.00. Uni- Medical College of which Dr. Ida $1.00 extra—foreign postage versity of Chicago Press. Chicago. Scudder is president. In 1920 Mrs. Peabody was chairman of the Promo- THE PRESBYTERIAN Stocking Tales. Stories for Children. tion Committee for securing buildings J. T. Stocking. $1.25. 119 pp. and equipment for seven union Chris- 1217 Market Street, Philadelphia, Pa. Pilgrim Press. Boston. tian colleges for the women of the Three Typical Beliefs. 115 pp. $1.50. University of Chicago Press. Chicago.

Why Worship. Muriel Lester. 25 cents. 43 pp. Cokesbury Press. Nashville.

LIFE OF GEORGE W

By ROBERT E. SPEER This is the biography of a very remarkable Christian missionary to India and for twenty years the influential and able editor of the Bombay GlIardian. Dr. J. Sumner Stone called him, "The White Yogi."

When George Bowen died in 1888 there was call for a worthy biography but its preparation was delayed. Later all the biographical material-including his diaries, letters, reminiscences, and the books and pamphlets of which he was author-was turned over to Dr. Speer. This material has now been put into shape for publication and the result is a frank and stimulating picture of the man,-his experiences, unique character, forceful views and methods of work. Here is a life story that is of absorbing interest and will richly reward the thoughtful reader.

CONTENTS I. Family of George Bowen. XI. A Decisive Year, 1849. II. Boyhood and Youth. XII. From 1850 to 1855. III. Three Years Abroad. XIII. Ten Years of Independent Work. IV. Life in New York, 1840·1844. XIV. The Bombay GlIardian. V. Illumination of a Hopeless Love. Relations with the American Board. VI. Conversion to Christianity. XV. Association with the Methodist Church. VII. At Union Theological Seminary. XVI. Bowen as a Writer. VIII. His Missionary Appointment. XVII. Correspondence with Henry W. Rankin. IX. The Voyage to India, 1847. XVIII. Closing Testimony. X. Beginning Missionary Work. XIX.

This latest work by Dr. Speer may be ordered at $2.50 per copy from THE MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING COMPANY 156 Fifth Avenue, New York fI abrf~tma~ 6fft @uggt~tfon Remember at Christmas time, with a gift that comes every month, some Missionary, Pastor, Teacher, Sunday School Teacher or other Christian Worker. You cannot do better than to send each one a year's subscription to THE MISSIONARY ~~WORID This illustrated evangelical missionary monthly will keep them in touch with the need of men for the Gospel and the progress of missionary work in all lands. $2.50 a year.

OUR SPECIAL CHRISTMAS OFFER is good only until December 25th. We will send two annual subscriptions-both new or one new and one renewal-for one year for $4.00. (Regular price $2.50 each.) Among the coming articles are papers on these topics by How CAN WE IMPROVE MISSIONARY ADMINISTRATION? . . . . . . . . . . . . William Paton THE OUTLOOK FOR CHRISTIANITY TO-DAY …………………… Julius Richter THE PLACE OF CHRIST IN HISTORY …………… " ……. Kenneth S. Latourette ENCOURAGEMENTS IN THE EVANGELIZATION OF MOSLEMS . . . . . . . . . . . . George Swan How MAKE EFFECTIVE MISSIONARY ApPEALS? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cleland B. McAfee Is THE DAY OF PIONEERING OVER? . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Kenneth G. Grubb S-a-v-e-$-1-.0-0-.–Ta-ke-a-dv-an-ta-ge-o-f -thi-s -of-fe-r N-O-W–. -T-w-o -Tw-el-ve–M-on-th-S-ub-sc-ri-pti-on-s -fo-r -$4-.0-0 MIssIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING CO., Third and Reily Sts., Harrisburg, Pa.

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The Missionary Review of the World — May 1937

1937

A Visit to the Ainu of Japan Winburn T. Thomas Facts About Evangelism in Japan John Cuthbertson Why and How Should Christians Unite E. Stanley Jones The Centenary of Presbyterian Missions Herrick Black Young New Moving Pictures of Africa W m. L. Rogers How Christ Changes Life in Burma Brayton C. Case Missionaries Through Colored Glasses H. Kerr Taylor 25 Cents a Copy $2.50 a Year

to Remember due to my wife, to her beautiful, un-

May 2-Rural Life Sunday. CAMP.of.the·WOODS selfish Christian life." May 10000Luncheon of the Council of *** ~ '-"'-=N ./ ronLdaakceksP,leNaseawnt, in the Adi- Women for Home Missions, Hotel York. Alti- Dr. A. H. Henderson, veteran Bap- Biltmore, New York. tist missionary to Burma, died Feb- May ll–General Conference, United tude of 2,000 feet amid ruary 21 in Burma. Together Dr. Bl'ethren in Christ, Chambersburg, picturesque surroundings. An unusual and Mrs. Henderson have given al- Pa. place for rest, relaxation, moral uplift, most forty-four years of service to May 16-World-wide Day of Prayer. good cheer and delightful fellowship in the Shan people, May 18-21- National Convention of the Evangelical Women's Union, the Great 'Outdoors. Ocean-like beach, **• St. Louis, Mo. safe bathing, canoeist's paradise, golf, May 20-25 – Northern Baptist Con- hiking, tennis, baseball, mo~ntain climb- Bishop William Oldham of the vention, Philadelphia, Pa. ing and other sports. Th1rty – seventh Methodist Episcopal Church, who for May' 26-General Assembly, United consecutive season. Gentile- Protestant many years had been a missionary in Presbyterian Church, Oak Park, Ill. clientele. Accommodations for men, – Asia and South America, died on May 27-General Assembly, Presby- women, and children, in twenty-two di- March 27 at Glendale, California, at terian Church in U. S. A., Colum- visions. Ninety counsellors, seventy the age of eighty-two. Wm. F. Old- bus, Ohio. young people in orchestra, sixty in b~nd. ham was born in Bangalore, India, the July 5-16-New Jersey Summer No jazz, dancing, or card plaY1ng. son of a British army officer. After School for Christian Workers, Women do not smoke. Physical and completing his education at the Madras Blairstown, N. J. spiritual health emphasized. Excellent Christian College, he heard an address July 8-13 – International Christian food-quality and quantity. Dining hall bv William Taylor, the evangelist, in Endeavor Convention. seats 625. Camp fills to capacity every 1875, and as a result decided to enter July 12-36 – World Conference on season. Early registration necessary. the ministry. Later he became a mis- Life and Work. Oxford, England. Rates reasonable. A beautifully illus- sionary of the Methodist Episcopal August 3-18 – World Conference on trated booklet, VACATION DAYS, giv- Church and went to Singapore. In Faith and Order. Edinburgh, Scot- ing information, mailed free on request. 1916 he was elected a bishop of the land. Address GEORGE F. TIBBITTS, Director, Church, and was assigned to South CAMP – of – the -WOODS, Speculator, America with headquarters in Buenos SUMMER CONFERENCES AND Hamilton County, New York. Aires. In many countries of South SCHOOLS OF MISSIONS America, in India and Malaysia, schools and churches were named in Council of Women for Home Mis- honor of Bishop Oldham. He was the sions and Affiliated with the L. Fry served as pastor in Lancaster, author of "Thoburn – Called of God" Committee on Women's Work, Pa., from 1881 until 1901, and then and other volumes. Foreign Missions Conference in Philadelphia for seven years. In 1926, after forty-seven years in the (List to be completed next month) ministry, he was special representa- tive of the Foreign Mission Board for We plan and plan, then pray June 20-26-Boulder, Colorado. the United Lutheran Church's field That God may bless our plan. June 21-27-Winona Summer School work in Buenos Aires. He had al- But hearken! God saith, "Pray!" And He will show His plan, of Missions. For information write ready served as Executive Secretary And lead us in His shining way to Mrs. John W. Walter, 1034 of the Lutheran Board of Church Ex- That leadeth on to perfect day. Mapleton Ave., Oak Park, Illinois. tension. June 26-July 3-Eagles Mere, Pa., **• JESSE ANDREWS. Miss Muriel C. Post, 907 Lindley Ave., Logan, Philadelphia. Mrs. George P. Pierson, an honor- II If you use July 7-15-Northfield, Mass. ably retired missionary of the Pres- June 17-26-Geneva Summer School. byterian Board of Foreign Missions, PRINTING Geneva, Wis. U. S. A., died on March 12, 1937, at July 17-24-Mt. Hermon, Calif. Philadelphia, Pa. Ida Goepp was YOU will profit from an ac- July 19-23-Bethesda, Ohio. born in Easton, Pa., on April 21, quaintanceship with us. We 1862; was graduated from Normal do the job complete in our own Obituary Notes College, now Hunter College, New plant. whether it be large Qr York, in 1883, and later studied in small. Grant K. Lewis, former Executive Switzerland and France. In 1890 she Secretary of the department of church was appointed by the Domestic and While our specialty is Books, development and evangelism in the Foreign Missionary Society of the Mag~ines and Pamphlets, yet division of Home Missions of the Protestant Episcopal Church to go to we have a variety of modem United Christian Missionary Society Japan where she taught in St.. Mar- equipment to meet all the reof the Disciples Church, died Feb- garet's Girls' School in Tokyo. On quirements of your particular ruary 22, at his home in Little Rock, June 12,1895, she was married to the job. You will find our service Ark., at sixty-eight years of age. Rev. George P. Pierson, a mission- prompt, careful and courteous. He was at the time of his death state ary of the Presbyterian Board in secretary' of the Arkansas Christian Japan. Mrs. Pierson was a fearless, Will you allow us to estimate Missionary Society. tireless and capable missionary, al- on your next printing? We be- ways ready to go to any part of the lieve you will be delighted with ••• field where there was need for vig- our product, price and service. orous pioneer service. She and Dr. The Rev. Charles Livingston Fry, Pierson exerted a broad and abiding The EVANGELICAL PRESS D.D., a retired Lutheran clergyman influence in the great northern island, who had held many church offices, Hokkaido. She was the author of the Print…. of died at his home in Germantown, on The Mwionary Review of the W01'Id March 19. He was 78 years old and book, "How the Holy Spirit Came to was born in Carlisle, Pa., the son of PLANT AND MAIN OFFICE the Rev. Dr. Jacob Fry. Dr. Charles the Hokkaido, Japan." After 38 years Third and Reily Streets Herrlsburg, P•• of service they were honorably re- tired in 1928. • * • Mrs. Annie Pennock Smith, wife of Gipsy (Rodney) Smith, died in Call}- bridge, England, March 5. In hIS autobiography Gipsy Smith wrote: "I do not think I shall ever know in this world how much of my success is

MISSIONARY Personal Items

REVIEW OF THE WORLD Dr. Worth M. Tippy has accepted. to the DELAVAN L. PIER80N, Editor a new responsibility in connection with the churches and social service ORIENT VOL. LX MAY, 1937 No.5 in Washington, D. C. He is to con- duct a special study and txperiment ROUND-TRIP REDUCTIONS publication and Business Office– to work out more adequate coopera- Third and Reily Ste., Harrisburg, Pa. tion between religious forces and Special Summer rates go into community agencies of the cIty. The effect May 15. Round trip to Editorial and Executive Office– experiment is being financed by a Yokohama, $256 up Tourist 156 Fifth Avenue, New York City. group of laymen. Class; $456 up First Class. Entered as second-class matter at Similar reductions to other ports. *** Post Office, Harrisburg, Pa., under • Act of March 3, 1879. Dr. Robert M. Hopkins, General 10 DAYS TO YOKOHAMA Secretary of the World's Sunday 25 cents a copy-$2.50 a year. :::>chool t,;onvention, sailed for Europe Go direct fromVancouverand Foreign Postage, 50 cents a year. and AfrIca, March 24, largely to pre- Victoria in 10 days by Em- 'Published monthly, except August. pare for the Thirteenth world's Sun- press oj Asia or Empress oj All rights reserved. Copyrighted 1937. day School Convention which is to b~ Russia. Only 3 more days via British agents – Marshall, Morgan held in South AfrIca in 1940. ThIS Hawaii by Empress ojJapan and Scott, 12 Paternoster Buildings, will be the first representative Chris- (fastest ship on the Pacific) London, E. C. 1 shilling per copy, tian world gathermg scheduled for or Empress oj Canada. Con- 10 shillings a year. the continent of Africa, outside of nect at Honolulu from Cali- l!;gypt. fornia ports. Low round-trip MISSIONARY REVIEW PUB- fares include passage from LISHING CO., INC. *** and to Seattle. BOARD OF DIRECTORS • Facilities are available for George C. Stebbins, long an asso- the celebration of ROBERT E. SPEER, President ciate of D. L. Moody and composer of Holy Mass. A. L. WARN8HUI8, Vice-President Gospel hymns, celeorated his ninety- WALTER MCDOUGALL, Treasurer first birthday, It'ebruary 26. At a ~r;a+ DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Secretary service in honor of the event several hymns were sung, the music of which For rates and sailings, see SAMUEL MCCREA CAVERT was composed by Mr. Stebbins. YOUR TRAVEL AGENT or Cana- Among these were "Some Day the dian Pacific: New York, Chi- WILLIAM I. CHAMBERLAIN Silver Cord Will Break," "Have ca~o, San Francisco, 38 other D. J. FANT Thine Own Way, Lord," "There Is a cities in U. S. and Canada. Green Hill Far Away," "Take Time MRS. ORRIN R. JUDD to Be Holy," and "I've Found a WM. B. LIPPHARD Friend, 0, Such a Friend." ERIC M. NORTH SAMUEL M. ZWEMER *** Editorial Chat Dr. Eric M. North, General Secre- tary of the American BIble Society, Will you write to the editor of the saIled for Japan and China, February REVIEW? To serve the cause of Christ 20. This is the first visit of a Secreeffectively, and to help our readers, it tary of the American Bible Society to is important that the REVIEW shall the Far hoast in twenty-three years. not only stand true to the Word of Dr. North will study a new policy of God and give a Christian view of the cooperation with the British and Forworld, but that we meet your need for eign Bible SocIety and the Nation.ll information, suggestion and inspira- l:hble Society of :::>cotland, lookmg tion. To do this we must keep in liv- toward the creation of a Biule Society ing touch with our readers. in China.

Will you write to us to say how the *** REVIEW may help you and your work more definitely? What type of edi- Dr. Ikuzo Toyama, of the Imperial torials or articles would you like? University, Japan, has been elected How can our "M,ethods" Department president of St. Paul's University, serve you better – in suggestions on Tokyo, to succeed Dr. S. Kimura who missionary programs, addresses, work resigned last year. Dr. Toyama has with children and young people, mis- had an active interest in the Chrissionary education in the home or tian Church for the past thirty years. church, best books and periodicals on missions and mission lands? *** We ask not praise for what the RE- Dr. T. T. Lew, professor in the VIEW is doing, but constructive criti- School of Religion in Yenching Unicisms and suggestions. Will you co- versity, Peiping, has been appointed operate with us? a member of the legislative branch of the Chinese National Government. He *** has thus joined the growing number of Christians participating in the If you like the REVIEW, will you Government at Nanking, and will recommend it to others? Here is what have a distinct contribution as an edusome readers say: cator and a Christian to make to the formulation of national policies. "Your magazine is indeed helpful, particularly to those who have any- *** thing to do with the presentation of missionary programs." Rev. John W. Bowman, of the Presbyterian Punja(} Mission, India, MRS. E. A. LOWER. in view of the problem of the educa- Cincinnati, Ohio. tion of the children, has accepted a call for service in the Western The- *** ological Seminary of Allegheny, Penn- sylvania. "I congratulate you on the high levels which the MISSIONARY REVIEW [225 ] continues to hold. I have just been running through the March number."

ERNEST GORDON. Wayne, Pa.

AINU CHIEF AND HIS WIFE OBSERVING A "SAKE"

AN AINU CHIEF IN THE MIDST OF HIS HOUSEHOLD TREASURES A VISIT TO THE AINU OF NORTH JAPAN (see page 231)

NARY

REVIB ORLD VOLUME LX AN INTERDENOMINATIONAL REVIEW OF WORLD-WIDE CHRISTIAN PROGRESS NUMBER 5 MAY, 1937 Topics of the Times THE MILITANT GODLESS PROPAGANDA Congress was to promote world-wide agitation There are clear signs that the forces opposed to against all religion but chiefly against Christian- God and His sovereignty are becoming more and ity, and to establish an international fund for more aggressive in their battle against all religion antireligious propaganda. These agitators are -or recognition of a superhuman power to which opposed to liberty of conscience for they deny the man is subject. In some cases this anti-God atti- right to teach Christianity but insist on the right tude and activity takes the form of materialism; to teach atheism. The Christian Press Bureau in other cases extreme militarism, nationalism or says: the promotion of physical self-indulgence. In Weare confronted with a world-girdling organiza~ion America there are reported to be "anti-God" so~ against religion, an irrefutable testimony that the Church cieties in schools and colleges. In Russia and will meet an organized opposition whose equal has never other communistic circles there is active propa- been known in the history of the world. Probably there ganda with training of youth against any belief in have always been godless and atheists; and many and a superhuman God. Perhaps the sharpest, most strong attempts have been made to conquer Christianity. concerted attack on Christ and all religion in the But these attempts have, for the most part, been rather history of the world centers in Russia today. planless and scattered. One can think about the great French Revolution when they first "deposed" God and In Russia, Joseph Stalin, the Secretary~Gen­ later, after further consideration, appointed Him again; eraI of the Communist Party, and the practical or about the war of the Roman Empire against Chrisdictator of Soviet Russia, is almost deified but at tianity which, however, in all its recklessness and bruthe same time is bitterly opposed to any belief in tality was groping and uncertain. Now, however, it is an God. The Swiss Protestant Press Service reports announced unswerving intention to eradicate all religion (in The Dawn) a recent speech in which he said: and every religious conviction and feeling.

We consider all religion as our worst enemy. The In Russia this war has been going on for eighteen years, struggle against religion must be carried on relentlessly. and the goal is to deprive 160,000,000 people of God and There can be no compromise with religion whose aims are every thought about God. Already the Red Government basically opposed to ours. We may change our tactics in has beaten every record. In the old Russland there were the struggle against religion. Violence was used during 120,000 churches and chapels, and over half of these have the past 20 years, but now intellectual means must be now been entirely destroyed, and many are being used adopted. The final stage will be reached when religion as clubs for the godless, as theatres, and as storage will only exist as a thing of past history. This is our goal. houses. In Moscow alone eight hundred churches and monasteries have been destroyed or closed. Last year, in Russia, 14,000 churches, chapels, synagogues and other places of worship were It is estimated that in these eighteen years, 42,800 closed, and the· Secret Police took proceedings clergymen have been placed in Russian Concentration against 3,687 priests of all religions, of whom 29 Camps! The methods are chiefly violence and force, but were condemned to death. According to the Rus- economic coercion is used also. According to statements sian Constitution of 1929, atheism is the only made by Stalin they will now stop using violence and begin creed that is conceded the right to active propa- a so-called "spiritual war." It had been estimated that ganda. all religion should have been eradicated by the first of May this year, but a delay must be allowed for. They The Christian Press Bureau of Copenhagen, still have the goal in mind, however: the last church Denmark, reports a "World Congress of the God- must be closed, the last clergyman must be removed. less" on February seventh, with 1,600 participants from forty-six countries. The chief object of the In Russia the movement of atheism has 6,900 club houses, 146 schools of atheism, 102 educational establish- ments, eighty antireligious museums. In Moscow from one to two million antireligious publications are sent out eV~~::~:'war is going to be made international! A mark of the godless is going to be sent out, and rules of pro- [227 ]

cedure are going to be drawn up in twelve different lan- One of the most encouraging things in the scienguages. For many millions of rubles there is going to be tific world is the trend toward Christianity among erected in Russia an atheistic radio station; they already the great thinkers. Professor C. A. Chant, Ph.D., have an agitation fund amounting to 19,000,000 rubles professor of astro-physics in Toronto University, and expect that a lottery will net 50,000,000. said recently, "I have no hesitation in saying that at least 90 per cent of astronomers have reached There is no. survey for the movement of atheism scat- the conclusion that the universe is not the result tered through the various countries, which they are now of blind law, but is regulated by a great Intellitrying to unite, but a peculiar exhibition in the Vatican a gence. Slowly but surely the mind of the great short time ago shows that there is work going on in is returning to the Creator and the.God of Provi- Russia, Spain, France, Belgium, England, the Danubian dence." countries, and the United States. TO CLOSE MISSION SCHOOLS IN KOREA Nothing good can be expected from the Moscow Congress and the Christian community in all countries ought The crisis is on in Korea for the Shrine probto be on the alert. lem is not yet settled. The Japanese Government persists in its demand that pupils and teachers in But, while the Bezbojriks (Godles,s League) is Christian mission schools attend the ceremonies attempting to establish antireligious, schools to at the shrines and bow in homage to the spirits train "missionaries of atheism," these propagand- of national heroes supposed to be present there. ists are not having an easy time-and never will. Japanese officials have stated that this "act of A recent Associated Press dispatch from Moscow obeisance is only a display of national patriotism" (March 17) says: but when Christians have tried to persuade the Bureau of Education to make a public statement "Antireligious organizations virtually have col- that would satisfy the Christian conscience, the lapsed in Moscow and Moscow Province, Emelyan Japanese would not deny that the obeisance was Yaroslavsky, president of the Atheist League, re- made to spirits actually dwelling in the shrines. ported to a stormy Moscow district meeting of the The Japanese have also clearly stated that an- Communist party. He declared that district coun- cestor worship is considered a "fundamental vircils of the Militant Godless (Atheist) League had tue in the Orient." disbanded throughout the Moscow area and that many regional councils had been liquidated. The military party in Japan seems to be be- Pravda, the Communist party newspaper, asserted hind the move to compel all schools in the Empire that Atheist League membership has fallen from to attend the Shrine ceremonies and to bow in 5,000,000 to 2,000,000 in the last three years. reverence there. It is a part of the movement to There are at least 30,000 churches still open for unite Japanese subjects in their reverence for the worship in Soviet Russia and we are informed Emperor, the national heroes and in the Shinto that 50% of the Russians hold to their faith in faith. No schools, pupils or teachers are excused, God. In many rural communities church clubs though in some districts the rule is not strictly enare being formed to combat irreligion. Five anti- forced. The Japanese are also said to be planning religious museums have recently been closed in to place a Shinto shrine in every Korean village so Russia." that the observance of the ceremonies may be universal. The only way to combat successfully such a propaganda is the way Christ combated godless- The mission schools have had an immense inness-by showing the evidence of God's love and fluence on the Koreans. For thirty years they power, redeeming and regenerating men so that were practically the only schools offering modern they in turn go out in loving sacrificial service to education. Christian missionary schools are scatbring men and nations into harmony with the tered throughout the country while academies and Will of God, as revealed in Christ. Men will yet institutions of higher education have been built at learn that it is worse than useless for feeble crea- foreign expense in the large cities. The total tures to fight against Almighty God. number of pupils under Christian instruction was 100,000 in 1935. These schools have always True scholars and scientists are not atheists taught good citizenship and obedience to the laws for they realize how little they know in compari- of the country._ son with the vast realm of knowledge concerning the universe. The Korean Christians believe and obey the Bible as the Word of God. They are a praying, Dr. Lorenz, the famous Austrian surgeon, when working Church and have learned what it means asked by a New York newspaper reporter as to to suffer for their faith. Now they are convinced the effect of his scientific investigations on reli- that obeisance at the Shinto Shrines is incongious faith, replied, "Does medical science or any sistent with worship of God as He is revealed in other science tend to destroy belief in God? My Christ. Many of the missionaries hold the same friend, you are young, I am old. Science truly pursued does not tend to destroy belief in God. The pursuit of scientific knowledge makes an honest man humble. It makes him realize how little he knows. It makes him believe in God."

TOPICS OF THE TIMES

view-though some are willing to accept the Jap- that we feel constrained to adopt this course, anes,e statement that the ceremony is only knowing that it involves the loss of educational patriotic. opportunities for large numbers of families and that it will bring distress to our teachers and mis- One of three positions is possible for the Korean sionaries who have given life and devotion to this Christians-(l) to obey the Japanese edict and work. throw the responsibility on the Government; (2) to have mental reservations and give only 6. It is not our purpose to dispute the demands outward obedience, while claiming to bow only that the authorities have made upon our schools out of respect to the memory of the illustrious . . . but merely to announce our decision under dead; or (3) to refuse obedience to human edicts the circumstances to withdraw from the field of that most Christians believe involve disloyalty to secular education in an orderly manner. Christ, and to suffer the consequences. 7 and 8. As the first natural step in the liquida- The leading missions in Korea are the Amer- tion of the educational work, the Mission is enican Presbyterians (Northern and Southern joined not to receive new pupils for the entering Churches), the Australian and Canadian, Meth- class of the new semester in April. … If there odists (North and South), the British Church of should be circumstances in any particular school England (S. P. G.) and a few independent mis- rendering even its temporary continuation inadsions. The Methodists have decided to comply visable, the Mission is authorized to close such with the Government edict on the basis of the as- schools at once. surance that the rite is only patriotic. The Presbyterian Mission (North) has voted to refuse 9. During the period of liquidation the schools compliance on the ground that the ceremonies are shall continue as heretofore to promote good religious and idolatrous. The Missionary Com- citizenship, to foster love of country, to teach mittee of the Presbyterian Church, South, with respect for law and authority, and to inculcate the the unanimous ascent of their Korea Mission, has highest principles of loyalty and patriotism. . . . taken the definite stand that their mission schools cannot comply and that they will therefore take 10. Regarding the disposal of school properties steps to close these schools and withdraw from the in this emergency, we cannot approve their transfield of secular education. Their decision is con- fer for school purposes either by gift, loan, rental tained in the following statement from the Com- or sale to any group or organization that would be mittee in Nashville, Tennessee, sent to their unable to maintain the Christian principles upon Korean missionares: which our schools have stood. . . . While our de- cision to desist from secular education in Korea "After careful consideration of the situation is definite and resolute as long as our schools are confronting our schools in Korea, the Executive subject to present requirements, we cannot but Committee of Foreign Missions of the Presby- express the hope that the authorities may yet terian Church in the United States (South) pre- recognize the sincerity of our purpose to help and sents to its Korea Mission the following statement the reluctance with which we have taken this step, of policy to be followed in the problems now af- and provide some way by which loyal friends of fecting our educational work: Japan may be enabled to fulfil their mission of service without compromise of Christian prin- 1. Weare grateful for the years during which ciples. we have been permitted to have a part in providing educational opportunities for the Korean An honored missionary of the Presbyterian Church (North) gives the reasons why he cannot people. bow at the Shrines or vote in favor of compliance 2. We desire through the Mission to express to by the Mission. These reasons are: the Government our sincere appreciation of the 1. The act of obeisance at these Shinto Shrines freedom and protection that have been accorded is truly religious and therefore indolatrous. us in our educational work in the past. 2. A Japanese police officer at the Meiji Shrine 3. Even now we desire nothing more than that declared that Ka,mi-san is the same as God. In we might continue our educational work under Kwangju pupils were asked to clap their hands to the same conditions that have obtained hereto- attract attention of the spirits in the shrine.

fore. . . . 3. The military authorities are forcing com- 4. Nevertheless, in view of recent developments pliance because they think that Amatorasu-Omi- Kami (Sun-Goddess. and mythical ancestress of that seem to render impossible the continuation of the Japanese Imperial House) is their God who our educational work without compromise of gives victory. Christian principle we hereby reluctantly instruct our Korea Mission to take appropriate steps for 4. The shrines are a part of the Japanese non- Christian religious system. The whole shrine systhe closing of our schools. tem heads up at Ise a center of Japanese worship 5. We have pondered deeply the consequences in which sacrifices are performed every year.

of this action, and it is with sincerest regret

5. Other departments of the Government de- throughout the world. God's promise has been clare State Shinto to be religious and superior to and is being abundantly fulfilled, "My word shall Christ. One high Government official declared not return unto me void." Missionaries, preachthat Orientals are polytheists in contrast to. Occi- ers, teachers, evangelists, and other devout and dentals who are monotheists. widely used men and women in all walks of life, continue to testify that it was through Dr. Pier- An educational official said: "We think of son's ministry they were led to Christ, were in- Amatorasu-Omi-Kami and of Jehovah as being spired with missionary zeal, were given a hunger one and the same." for deeper Bible knowledge, were made more effective Christian workers or were brought into 6. No Christian school will be excused from do- the experience of a higher spiritual life. ing obeisance at the shrines. No centenary celebration has been held on 7. The Korean Christians are convinced that earth to commemorate the birth of Arthur T. the ceremony is religious and anti-Christian. But Pierson but many both here and in the presence the basis of judgment is the Bible, not personal of the angels thank God that he was born, and opinion. The missionaries must set an example was born again and was called into the ministry of loyalty to Christ in spite of Government threats of Christ. His labor was not in vain for it was and opposition. "in the Lord."

It is a serious question which deeply involves Among the many examples of his abiding and the future of the Church in Chosen. It is disturb- living influence, we note a recent paragraph by ing to think of the great Christian educational Mr. Ernest Gordon (son of Dr. A. J. Gordon) in work coming to an end and the youth deprived of the Sunday School Times. He says: training under efficient Christian teachers. Already Dr. Geo. S. McCune, President of the Union "Ethel Gray is a teacher of English in an Christian College of Korea, has been obliged to Argentine family and earnest in Christian testiwithdraw from the field. But anything is prefer- mony. She writes of a sermon by Dr. Arthur T. able to a denial of Christ. One with God is still Pierson which she translated into Spanish and a majority and He can overrule the decrees of gave to an atheist student. He read it through men-as He has often done in the Roman Empire, carefully several times, appearing thunderstruck, in India, in China and other lands since the be- and then said he 'knew many young fellows who ginning of history. We honor the Presbyterian wanted to know just what was explained here.' Church, South, for their courage and loyalty. So he retranslated it into beautiful Spanish, and Miss Gray had a thousand printed for distribu- THE ARTHUR T. PIERSON CENTENARY tion."

This is a year when some 'important centenaries One evidence of his abiding ministry is the conare celebrated-among them that of D. L. Moody, tinuing testimony of THE REVIEW. This monthly and the founding of the Board of Foreign Mis- organ of world-wide missions still stands, as it sions of the Presbyterian Church in the U. S. A. stood in Dr. Pierson's day, for the authority of In the same year as the great Foreign Mission the revealed Word of God; for deity of Jesus Board was born, Arthur T. Pierson, the powerful Christ, His supremacy and His all-sufficiency as missionary advocate came into the world-March the Saviour of men through faith in His death on 6, 1837. He gave full fifty years of his life to the Cross; for belief in the Holy Spirit and our preaching the Gospel of Christ, lecturing and dependence on Him to make ministry effective. writing on Biblical themes and promoting interest The REVIEW is published because we believe in in missions throughout the world. He was for the need of all men for pardon and new life twenty-five years the Editor-in-Chief of this RE- through union with Christ and in the duty of VIEw-from 1888 until he was called "home" on every Christian to help carry out the commission June 4, 1911. In addition to his ministry of of Christ to "go into all the world and preach the preaching, pastoral work in large churches, lec- Gospel to every creature." THE REVIEW is deditureS! and addresses at Bible conferences, writing cated to the work of making known the supreme articles and editorial work, Dr. Pierson wrote need of men for regeneration and to the testimony some fifty books on the Bible and spiritual life, of what God is doing today through His servants Christian apologetics, biographical, preaching and in all parts of the world. We are not bound to . missionary themes. These have had a wide cir- any particular branch of the Church of Christ but culation, some translated into several languages stand for the unity of all who are truly united to and still widely read. Him. May THE REVIEW continue to be a faithful witness until Christ returns, according to His The messages of this eminent servant of God promise, until His reign is established and the will were truly vitalized by the living Word of God, of God is done "on earth as it is in Heaven." as is evident by their continued influence in the hearts and lives of consecrated men and women

A Visit to the Ainu of North

By WINBURN T. THOMAS, Kyoto, Japan Missionary of tbe Presbyterian Cburcb, U. S. A., 1933- MOST visited of the Japanese Ainu villages "These are the staves on which we set the heads is Shiraoi, Hokkaido. When we arrived of the bears after our bear-festival," he began. at this small station we were a bit sur- We noted that all the skulls that still hung toprised to be approached by a small Ainu lad who gether were covered with a green mold.

asked in perfect Japanese, "Do you wish to see "You haven't had a bear festival recently," we the buraku (a corruption of 'block')?" He then observed.

assumed the role of guide and began to lead us "No; bears are getting fewer and harder down the main road of the village, keeping up a to catch, so that we cannot observe the festivals."

constant stream of conversa- We noted that there was no tion. cub at the front of the house, "Do many foreigners come The Ainu, the aborigines from which we inferred that here?" we inquired. of Japan, live in Hokkaido, times had not been so good for "Not very many. Most of the large northern island. the Shiraoi Ainu.

them are Japanese." They were once a numerous "How do you get your ani- "Do you often act as people but there are now only mals for the ceremony?" about 17,000 surviving memguide?" bers of the race. They are "We go out in the snow and "Yes, during the vacation a hardy people, of small stat- wait for the bear to come from ure and their older men are his cave. Then we shoot him months. During the school distinguished by their long with an arrow poisoned with year I haven't time." beards. They are not cleanly the root of a weed, beaten to in their habits, not being ac- pulp and dried. After an "Do you attend Japanese school ?"

"Oh, no. We Ainu have our customed to bathing and are arrow, treated with this poison, own schoo1." much given to drunkenness. enters the bear's body, the ani- "You are taught in Japa- By disposition they are mild mal dies in twenty minutes. and amiable, and live mostly nese?" by hunting and fishing. Their The poison goes through the "Of course. I don't know religion is nature worship blood stream and hardens into but .in recent years the young a stone which we cut out. The· much Ainu." people are being educated remainder of the animal is fit We learned that at other and some have become Chris- for food. We consider the tians. Rev. John Batchelor, inner organs especially deli- Ainu villages, the aborigines a retired missionary of the cious." and the Japanese attend the Church Missionary Society, same schools. "Where is the chief?" we in~ "How do you make your liv- ing?" we asked our guide. has been called ~~The Apostle quired.

"By fishing, by getting out- to the Ainu." "In here. Will you come in side labor jobs, and by truck and talk with him?"

farming." We entered the crude struc- "Who lives in all those thatched houses?" ture. The entrance floor was dirt but the living "That is the beginning of the Ainu 'block.' room was on a raised wooden dais, the floor of Most of us live in these straw houses. There are which was covered with a rough straw matting.

nearly one hundred of them, although a few per- In the center was a hearth, on which a charcoal sons have houses built of wood." fire was burning. To the left of the fireplace (the We soon found ourselves inside a small com- most sacred place in the home since the Ainu pound, and we saw an unshaved young man in worship the fire god) sat a bearded old man wear- foreign dress come from the hut door. He ex- ing a peculiar headdress. To his right sat a plained that he was the Ainu chief's son-in-law woman with mouth tattooed. The stage seemed and then, without waiting for us to quiz him, he set for visitors. We were escorted to the left of began to explain the significance of a stack of the chief, that is, the north side of the hearth, poles that had provided our background. which is the most honored position according to [231 ]

A MODERN AINU MOTHER AND BABY AN AINU CHIEFTAIN Ainu customs. Not until we were seated did he cards and handwork which we were asked to buy. and his wife make the proper courtesies. Then, Especially interesting were the bows and arrows while his son-in-law explained to us the signifi- used for killing the bears. The Ainu arrow is cance of the acts, the chief made certain move- made in three parts so that when once it has enments with his arms and head, and muttered some tered its prey, even though the angered beast unintelligible sounds, welcoming us according to should succeed in breaking the shaft, or pulling the old Ainu custom. it out, the tiny bamboo head will remain in the body. The son-in-law demonstrated the use of Next, the chief demonstrated the offering to the the walking staff to hold the baggage when the gods by picking up a "two-story" lacquer bowl and hunter rested, and could be transformed into an a carved mustache lifter. Raising his beard with effective spear for sudden action. the latter, he pressed the bowl to his lips, after he had taken a few drops of the liquid on the When we were outside the house once more, wooden stick and let them fall into the fire. These our guide informed us that there was a regular were supposed to be sweet odors pleasing to the fee of fifty sen per person. We asked to see other household deities. The remainder of the drink homes, belonging to "nonroyal families," but our . was agreeable to his stomach, for the Ainu are guide was careful to steer us away from other very fond of rice wine. After repeating the for- houses and took us down to the seashore to show mulre the old man muttered in his broken Jap- us the boats used by the fishermen. anese, "The ceremony is very significant when we use real "sake." A few days later we visited Chikabumi, an Ainu village just outside the city of Asahigawa. Others in the hut then took down trays of post- No one offered his services as guide but we learned

A VISIT TO THE AINU OF NORTH JAPAN

that if we started walking and asked our way we eminent authority on Ainu life 'and lore; and it would find the Ainu village about a mile down the was surprising to find this mission maintained enroad. We walked two miles to the house of the tirely by the Japanes~one answer to the allegachief, passing other Ainu houses scattered along tion that the Japanese Christian Church is not the way. There was not the segregation noticed mission-minded. There is a Sunday school of in other Ainu buraku. forty Ainu students, apparently including all the young people of this race in the village. These aborgines were evidently more prosperous than those in Shiraoi. The houses were frame The Chikabumi chief was a disappointment for and provided against the cold of the Hokkaido he was' small, lacking in personality, and very winters. These Chikabumi Ainu are farmers and drunk. The interpreter was also under the inday-laborers and from the roadside we saw many fluence of "sake" and refused to do more than industriously tilling the fields or engaging in man- boast that his family had proved its loyalty to the ual work. Midway between the station and the Emperor by sending the only son to-,Manchuria OLD AND YOUNG AINU PERFORMING A CEREMONY FOR THE DEAD (The Posts are Male and Female Markers) chieftain's house we saw a large public hall with with the Expeditionary Forces. He insisted upon the sign "Ainu Young Men's Association." In- our coming into his home to see the boy's pictures side we talked with one of the young men who and there let us examine a collection of primitive was busily carving, from a single block of wood, stone implements, which were very crude when the figure of a bear that would later be sold in a compared with similar arrows and hatchets fashgift shop. He said that it only took him two ioned by the American Indians. hours to whittle the bear which would sell for two yen. In reply to our questions he told us that all The prosperity of this colony was attested by children attended the same school; that his sister the presence of a large number of bears, with cubs was the village beauty queen; and that we would that were small but ferocious. In one cage was a find the chief's house und·er the tall willow trees "wrestling bear" used for exhibition purposes, the around the corner. Turning that corner we came animal being pitted against professional wresto an Episcopal Mission to the Ainu. We have tlers. Pacing up and down in a large cage before long been acquairited with Dr. John Batchelor, the chief's hut was a large brown bear, the pride of the village.

Our final impression was received from a wom- an who handled one of the concessions and who, like most modern women, has refused to stain her lips, a custom that is dying hard. In pictures, taken when she was dressed for ceremonial occa- sions, she used a dye that could be washed off. She kept in her store an Ainu dress which she donned while we snapped her picture as she stood alongside two bear cubs. The young men whom we saw near the store had obviously decided to abandon the custom ,of their ancestors in wearing long beards. The question seems to be whether the Ainu or their. customs will be exterminated first.

A YOUNG AINU BELLE UNEVANGELIZED FIELDS INJAPAN The total number of places reached' in Japan is only 896. As the number of cities, 'towns and villages is 12,019, there are 11,123 stillucntouched by the Gospel. In the agricultural villages, which include more than half the population,there are barely 172 places where Christian work is being conducted. The Gospel is preached mo:st in the places where there is least resistance,a:hd where the resistance is strongest it is not preached at all. The evangelization of Japan, very far from being accomplished, is barely begun.-Toyoltiko Ka- gawa, "T,he Japan Christian Year Book.'; ·Pacts About Evangelism in Japan* 13y~JAMES CUTHBERTSON I~ Japan Evangelistic Band I STARK facts are rude things and unpleasant. not be compared with any ·other so-called mission Before facing these facts, let us state defini- field. It stands in a class by itself. tions upon which so much depends. By the "Evangeliz.ation of Japan" I mean the bringing We are not really getting anywhere in Japan. to the knowledge of "every creature" the Gospel This fact is actually the summary and conclusion of the Lord Jesus Christ, particul,arly His atoning of the following. Death and Resurrection. By "Salvation" I mean the individual's experience of regeneration. The natural grQwth of population is leaving the Church far behind. Japan's population increases Japan is different. Her efficient government at the rate of about 'One million per year. The has provided the nation with civilization. Educa- most optimistic estimate of the increase of the tion is compulsory, the professions are 'Over- Church is never more than twenty thousand. By crowded, doctors live on every street. Its culture the time the nation has sprinted to the hundred- . and national consciousness are highly developed; yard mark, the Church has advanced two yards! its pvogressalong Western lines during this past eighty years has been phenomenal. This land can- Meanwhile Tenrikyo; which had its origins in the babblings and scribbles of a demented peasant • From R.egions Beyond, England. woman some hundred years ago, has developed amazingly. At its centre there are magnificent

FACTS ABOUT EVANGELISM IN JAPAN

temples, schQDls, a fQreign language schQ.ol fDr the s.ome ten th.ousand rural areas each .of which may preparati.on .of missiDnaries, a splendid public c.ontain anything frQm tW'O t.o twenty-five villages.

library, many hQstels, and a training institute fDr My pers.onal census .of a few years ago pr.oduced ev:angelists which graduates SQme seven th.ousand the inf.ormation that roughly some fDur hundred every six mDnths. Every building, all the man- .of the ten thQusand had been "evangelized," ac- uallabQr and the material, are the gifts .of the be- cQrding tQ the definition .of each pers.on wh.o sup- lievers. All evangelists are trained at their .own plied me with inf.ormatiQn. Many splendid mis- expense and prQpagate the doctrines after gradua- siQnaries and Japanese wQrkers are valiantly tiQn, throughQut Japan, at their 'Own expense. tackling this prDblem, but few missi.ons have .or- Hundreds .of thDusands .of pilgrims flock into ganized their f.orces and apPQinted wQrkers tQ vil- Tambaichi fQr its celebratiDns. Its equipment is lage w.ork.

magnificent and impressive. There we .once sent The quicksands .of heathenism have a terrible a yDung preacher whQ preached Christ .on the suction. Japan has an army .of backsliders. P.os- streets with such devQtion that his health gave sibly a very large prop.ortiDn .of them never had way. I l.oQked intQ his tiny shack, rat-ridden, cDb- anything t'O slide' back from, but they dDn't webbed, neglected and dirty, which we had rented kn.ow it.

dQwn a back street. This represented the cause A yQung man came tQ Christ and tQld his mother 'Of the L.ord .of GlQry! Heathenism had its amaz- .of his new-fQund JQY. She threatened suicide if ing temples and millions .of fQllowers, the Gospel he did n'Ot give up Christ. Filial piety was tQQ had its squalid huts and a mere handful .of c.on- str.ong and Christ l.ost. And patri.otism, a new verts. idolatry, has arisen in Japan, based 'On lQyalty t.o The prestige .of the white race has ceased t.o the R.oyal HQuse, and evidenced by worship at the exist as far as the Japanese are concerned. Un- Imperial Shrines. There are nQ truer and m.ore less we can present them with s.omething they l'Oyal citizens than Christians, but many are fac- have n.ot, and d'O something they cannQt, we are ing the .old chQice, Diana .or Christ. We live in not welcQme. We need prayer in Japan t.oday. I challenging times when s.o many have tQ face chal- have seen hundreds .of J,apanese Christians at a lenges. And, alas, the quality .of faith and lQve time .on their knees praying with tears f.or a for Christ is s.o feeble. Defeat is the result.

mighty w.ork .of G.od in the land. Such signs "are NumerQus are the st.ories .of "Gospel triumphs full .of h.ope. It must be prayer £Qr the HDly and, thank G.od, I can tell many, but these are in Gh.ost. But in .our .own Christian literature t'O- the main c.onfined tQ the activities .of thQse sQcie- day is hardly any mentiQn .of Him. ties and individual missiQnaries whQ cQnstrue MissiQn sch'OQls have largely .outlived their use- their Call as a c.ommission to win s.ouls. The fulness. Such sch.oQls find it difficult t.o cQmpete needs are vital and entail the drastic casting .overwith the high educati'Onal standard .of g.overn- bQard .of QbsQlete methQds and a cQncentrati'On .on mental sch.oQls. Very many .of them, in .order t.o th.ose things which prQduce results.

retain their g.overnment recQgnitiDn and grant, have b.owed t.o the .order that all students must w'Orship at the appDinted ShintQ Shrines. Few JAPAN'S GREAT NEED missiQn s·eh.oQls pr.oduce Christians, and, if any, A study .of the Christian QccupatiQn .of the .of necessity they are the type which have been larger cities in Japan shQWS that in every urban taught tQ wQrship at shrines. cQmmunity the fast-grQwing industrial areas are still practically untQuched. With the exceptiQn .of The type .of Christian we are pr.oducing is n.ot a lQne QutpQst here and there, these rapidly exup tQ standard. Admit the IQwest Scriptural panding areas are unQccupied by the Christian standard, "Except a man be bQrn again. . . ." fQrces. H.ow many 'Of .our Christians in Japan t.oday shQW evidences 'Of a changed life and are .outwardly wit- The "upper classes" in Japan still lie almQst nessing fDr Christ? My w.ork as an evangelist entirely .outside .of the Church's influence. The fQr .over thirty years has carried me up and down "1.ower classes," because .of their cQnstant fight in that land and brQught me intQ c.ontact with with PQverty, disease, ignQrance and vice, make a mQst .of the Pr.otestant denominations. My im- strQng appeal tQ the fQllQwers .of Jesus .of NazpressiQns were disc.ouraging bey'Ond words. The areth, but the fQes which beset the upper classquality is very p.oQr. Spirituality is at a l.ow ebb. ease, luxuriQus living, selfishness and lQQse mQrals We are n.ot, as a rule, pr.oducing witnesses. -are just as viciQUS and damning. The Church The rural districts .of Japan t.oday are prac- .of Christ, if she is true tQ her LQrd, knQws nQ tically unt.ouched. They are nQt undiscussed, fQr class distinctiQn, and the unreached "upper class"

a spate .of words has been pDured .out c.oncerning lQQms large in .our unfinished task.-William this prDblem but the problem remains. There are Axling, "The Japan Christian Year Book."

a New Hospital on the Yangtze*

11 By DR. J. W. PELL, Hankow, China I N SHIH HIU YAO, a growing industrial town have shown them great devotion, and never funked. of Central China on the Yangtze fifty miles A soldier who had his hand blown off at the below Hankow there was opened last March wrist by the premature bursting of a bomb he was the Mahaffy Memorial Hospital. This was built handling, was sent a long distance to us by his by funds from the legacy of Miss Jane Mahaffy officer and his life was saved. He is a big North- combined with the gifts of the Methodist Chris- erner, and takes his loss of a limb very stoically.

tian Endeavors of Ireland. From the day of open- A little boy was brought by his mother last year; ing it has filled a great need. but her courage failed her after the boy was well One patient, a deaf and dumb girl of about fif- under chloroform and the operation about to be- teen, had been abandoned by her relatives in the gin. We had to submit and let him out of. the streets of a neighboring town, and lay there night anresthetic, but something we were able to do and day, in frost and snow, until some Catholic without the knife and without her knowledge made all the difference, and a useless elbow be- Sisters found her with frozen feet – which have came almost normal. An aunt, laden with fowls since dropped off at the ankles – took her home and eggs, brought him back the other day begging with them and, after making her spotlessly clean, us to complete the good work. She showed nothbrought her to us for treatment. With dumb signs we try to assure her of our love and interest ing but withering scorn for her sister and called in her, and she is responding. Another woman, he~ a sao-Chinese for potato, or idiot!

who had been relieved of an abdominal tumor The mines have supplied their usual quota of weighing some sixty pounds, felt she was part of accidents. Falls of roof are frequent, and men the concern and very important. She keeps say- get pinned under these for hours or days, and are ing as we visit her ward: "You are wizards using only rescued at great risk and heroic efforts by magic; you are fairies with your charms." A their fellow-miners. A number of chronic opium- similar case went back last month to her home in· smokers have been rounded up by the authorities the country where we have a church, and became and compelled to come in and break it off. Fre- a never-ceasing wonder. Lots of hopeless patients quent executions are taking place all over China have come from that neighborhood since, and just among these poor victims of the drug. Our pres- cannot believe there is any sickness we cannot ent methods of breaking them off the habit are cure, or surgical condition we cannot relieve. quicker and more lasting than the old ways. We A number of cases of cerebro-spinal meningitis blister the patient, then take the contents of the were in the wards on the opening day – from an blister up in a syringe and inject it under the skin infant of two months to a woman of over forty. of another part. Another way is to take some of These often seem quite hopeless cases, but again the patient's own blood from a vein and inject it and again we have seen them rally from impend- deep into a muscle. It is really another version ing death by simple withdrawal of fluid from the of "a hair of the dog that bit him." At any rate, spinal canal. The mode of spread of this dread it gives the patient an actual distaste for the pipe, disease is not known, and until it is, we can only which is a very great point gained, and avoids take ordinary precautions, and carryon. Though that overwhelming craving to return to the old we can sometimes save a patient, yet it may leave ways, which they so often had after the old metha trail of sequences behind – such as blindness, ods of cure.

paralysis, deafness, mental instability – which With each one's duties more settled and divided are very distressing.. Our cook's little girl of three up, we are looking forward to more intensive· has been critically ill with it for weeks, but now evangelism amongst our patients and staff. Pray looks as though she would pull through. They are that Christ's banner may float over the citadel of difficult cases to nurse but our young girl-nurses every heart. May we find the way to win them- and there may be eighty ways for as many folk. • Condensed from The Kingdom Overseas, Methodist Missionary "He that winneth souls is wise."

Society. England.

[ 236]

and How Should Christians Unite*

By the REV. E. STANLEY JONES, D.D., India Author of "Victorious Living," etc., etc.

I N VIEW of the world demands and in view of One is that when the Christians drop down be- conditions within the denominations them- neath the level of organization and church polity selves brought about by division, the churches to the level of experience, there they are the most of Christ must get together. "If they do not," united body on earth. They are united in the said a prominent churchman, "within ten years deepest thing in life, namely, in life itself. They there won't be any churches to unite." This is an share a common life in Christ. The Christian overstatement, but it should shock us to action. Church is at once the most united and the most One of the difficulties in getting together is the divided body on earth – united at the center and underlying feeling that our particular denomina- divided at the margin. But the central thing to tion has been raised up to preserve and propagate hold in mind is the fact that we are one. We do a special phase of truth in Christianity. We do not have to seek for unity – we have it, funda- not want to lose that truth. There is a fact under- mentally and centrally.

lying this feeling. It is true that almost everyone The second thing we have discovered is that the of our separate denominations has come into being saints are about equally distributed among all the as a result of some special forgotten truth. How denominations. If you were to ask me where I can we have unity with that background of an ap- thought they were most thickly congregated, for parent God-inspired separativeness? We are the life of me I couldn't tell you. There is no de- asked to repent of sinful divisions and yet it is nomination that has a corner on the saints. God not easy to do so, because the divisions came not works through the denominations, sometimes in from sin but from a new vision. I cannot honestly spite of them, but never exclusively or particularly feel sinful on account of the rise of Methodism. in anyone of them. If this hurts our denomina- I rather glory in it and so does many another in tional pride, it may help our Christian humility!

regard to his own particular group. The idea that anyone denomination is the exclu- And yet with all that loyalty to the past, we do sive or particular channel of God's grace is as dead feel that this is inadequate. Times have changed, as Queen Anne. Only some people don't know it!

new world demands are being laid upon us that The second thing we have as an underlying fact cannot be met by us as separate denominations. is equality.

We simply must get together. A divided Church The third fact that emerges is that there is a has little moral authority in a divided world. But very great diversity in expressing this underlying how can we get together? Here is where we unity, a diversity as widely expressed as the High throw up our hands. We have the feeling that if Churchman on the one side and the Quaker on the we wait till we can get together on some agreed other, with great diversity between.

church polity or government, then we will wait Three facts, then, emerge-unity, equality, and till doomsday. I don't believe it is possible to get diversity. Any approach to unity must take ac- an agreement in church government that will take count of these underlying facts and build upon in the High Episcopalian on the one hand and the them. I would therefore suggest the following Quaker on the other – and I could not leave out as an immediate, practical plan upon which all either one. I do not believe that unity is possible the churches could come together.

along that line. It would end in so many com- If we are inwardly one, we should outwardly promises that the union would be grey and color- express that fact. Since we all belong to Christ, less and command no one's enthusiasm. I would suggest that we all belong to "The Church I think we must go at it from another angle. of Christ." But since we are in America, I would We must look at certain facts that underlie the suggest as the name, "The Church of Christ in situation. Three outstanding facts have arisen America." We would drop denominational names out of the situation as I have listened in to hun- as separate churches and belong to the one church dreds of round-table conferences across the years. -"The Church of Christ in America." But under * This farewell message of the distinguished missionary and evan- this central unity we would have branches-"The Baptist Branch of the Church of Christ in Amergelist was delivered unde'r the auspices of the ~~ederal Council of the ica," the "Episcopalian Branch," "The Friends'

Church of Christ in America on March 9, prior to his sailing for India. Reprinted from The American Friend of March 18, 1937.

[237 ]

Branch." In these branches we would have local would be the strength of all. The essential thing self-government in much the same way that we would be that we would be on a new basis in refgive States' rights in the United States. If a erence to each other-the cooperative. branch has bishops they could keep them, but they would not force them on the rest as the price of Each nation might have its own national exunity. In the same way, if any branch held to pression of Christianity-"The Church of Christ adult baptism they could continue to do so, but in Great Britain," "The Church of Christ in Inthey would not compel the rest to adhere to it. dia," etc. Out of these national expressions would Each branch could make any conditions or no con- be a "World Assembly of the Church of Christ" ditions for transfer into membership or ministry made up of delegates from the national churches. they may desire to make. Nine-tenths of the de- This World Assembly would speak in the name of nominations would probably straight off make no a united Christendom. It could give guidance to conditions whatever either for transfer of min- a distracted and confused world. We would not istry or membership. Moreover, nine-tenths of want to dominate the world through priestcraft, them would have intercommunion straight off. but we would guide it by moral convictions that The other one-tenth would put themselves into a would be inescapable. stream of influences that in the end would make for the dropping of all barriers. In the mean- What of the Doctrine? time we would be patient, leaving to time and the Spirit of God the righting of exclusiveness. In regard to the doctrinal basis on which this unity would be founded, I suggest that that basis There were two ways in which these United be simple – as simple and yet as profound as States might have attempted unity: one was to Christ made it. He founded his Church on the wipe out all state lines and state names and rule confession that He is the Chris,t, the Son of the everything from Washington. Had we tried this, Living God. That is the Rock upon which His we would have been waiting yet for unity. The Church was founded. That is the Rock beneath other way was to allow local expression in the us all. Any group that would confess that con- States and bind the whole into a central unity. fession could be recognized as a branch. That is We took that way and achieved unity. But in the sufficiently definite to hold us to the essential, and beginning there was a very strong state conscious- sufficiently indefinite to give freedom for marness and a very weak central unity. The first de- ginal differences. cision of the United States Supreme Court was flouted by the State of Georgia. In the original But are the denominations willing to look on draft of the Constitution of the United States, the themselves and others as branches? If not, then word "United" was in small letters, it was an ad- if any denomination wants unity with other dejective. But that word, "United," is now a proper nominations and yet is not willing to recognize itname and is getting more proper all the time! In self as a branch and others as branches, then the the beginning of a United Church our branch matter is plain-it does not want unity; it wants consciousness would be strong but the unity con- absorption. I'm not interested in absorption on sciousness would grow and one day will completely the part of any group. Nor will it ever happen. grip us. On our letterheads, we would have "The It would impoverish Christianity to jam it into Church of Christ in America" in large letters one denominational mold. overarching all, and down in the corner in small letters "Presbyterian Branch." The next time the This plan does not ask any denomination to give letters in the branch name might be smaller! And up any truth it may possess. It would not have some day they might fade out altogether-I don't to give it up-it would give it to the rest of us. know! We would leave that to time. And each needs the others' truth, for all of us are but partial expressions of the Truth. Out of these Over these branches, we would have the "Gen- pooled emphases there would grow a fuller exeral Assembly of the Church of Christ in Amer- pression of Christianity, more nearly approxiica" made up of delegates on a pro-rata basis, with mating the Kingdom of God. For none of us are a minimum number guaranteeing representation the Kingdom-we are only approximations. We of the smaller bodies. This body would have to do are all poorer and weaker for our divisions. A with the matters of general interest to the whole mission compound in India was above the aver- Church. District assemblies would deal with local age. I asked the missionary how they were able matters such as overlapping and duplication. to get hold of such lovely property and the reply was, "The man who had the property built such We would no longer tolerate competition or huge walls around it that he went bankrupt buildduplication for we would then be on the coopera- ing walls and was not able to complete the buildtive basis instead of the competitive, as now. ing, so he had to sell it." He became bankrupt That would mean that the weakness of one would building walls! The separate denominationalism be the weakness of all, and the strength of one has almost gone bankrupt building walls of sep- aration between themselves and others and keep-

WELLESLEY C. BAILEY – FRIEND OF LEPERS

ing them in repair. The time has come for us to named after different bishops. I stayed in the take down those walls, and use the material to "Heber Room." When people asked me where I build a mighty temple of God. was staying, I told them I was staying at "The Bishop's House"; but when those on the inside But we are not only bankrupting ourselves, we asked me where I was staying, I would reply that are bankrupting the world by our divisions. In I was staying in "The Heber Room." The point South India, the Ezhayas, numbering 850,000, a was that, even though there were different names very intelligent caste, decided after many years over our doors, we were all under one roof, and of debate to accept Christianity. After the mo- belonged to one family. Now we are under sepmentous decision had been made, a lawyer arose arate roofs with dividing walls between us. Now in the caste conference and said, "Now that you and then we come together in some j oint enterhave decided to adopt Christianity, may I ask you, prise, but the central thing is not our together- 'Which Christianity?' If you live here, you will ness. Then the central thing would be our unity be 'Church of England'; if there, then 'Baptist'; and the marginal thing our separateness. if the other place, 'Salvation Army.' Now you are united as a caste; then you'll be divided as de- In the foothills of the Himalayas, the fireflies nominations." This held up the whole movement are very numerous in the rainy season and beand still holds ·it up. Many a forward movement come interesting points of light in the darkness. is held up by our division. But one night I saw a firefly convention – there" must have been tens of thousands of them in one Under this plan of union many of our enter- great tree, and there must have been a cheerprises, as the missionary enterprise, could be con- leader for they put their lights on and off in uniducted as a unit throughout the world. And with son. As they put them on together, they lighted what an impact it would come, presenting a united up the countryside. Our .separate denominations front to the world need! are interesting points of light as they shine in the darkness, but let them pool their li~ts and they This plan is more than a federation in which will lighten the world. the constituent bodies are left intact. In this plan they are not intact. There are no more separate One of the advantages of this plan for church churches-there are branches of one Church. The unity is that it could be put into operation now, churches have faded out, there is but one Church. without years of backing and filling and compro- mising. And it would set our faces in the direc- One Christian House – Many Rooms tion of complete unity at once.

Let us change the figure again. In Calcutta, I Christians of America, unite! You have nothstayed with the Metropolitan of India, at "The ing to lose except your dividing walls! Bishop's House." In this house are many rooms Wellesley c. Bailey-Friend of Lepers Founder of the Mission to Lepers in 1874 W ELLESLEY COSBY BAILEY was born brothers who was an officer in the 11th Infantry, on April 27, 1846, at Thornbury, Abbey- then stationed at Faizabad in Oudh. When his leix, Queen's County, Ireland, and spent brother was unexpectedly ordered home, he went his boyhood at Poles Bridge, Stradbally. He was to live with Mr. Reuther, a missionary of the educated privately and at Kilkenny College. At Church Missionary Society. During his stay in the age of twenty, like many of Erin's sons, he Mr. Reuther's home he became so greatly interdetermined to try a Colonial career, and on ested in missionary work that he gave up the idea August 28, 1866, he set out for New Zealand. The of entering the Indian Police and joined the following Sunday, when his ship lay anchored in American Presbyterian Mission as headmaster of the Thames off Gravesend, was the occasion of a a mission school in Ambala City, in the Panjab. deep spiritual experience when his life was henceforth surrendered to Christ. After an absence of Near the mission house there was a small colony nearly two years in New Zealand, New Caledonia of lepers under the care of the Rev. J. H. Morand Australia, he returned to Dublin. rison, D.D., senior missionary of the American Presbyterian Mission on the station and on one Early in 1869, Mr. Bailey left home for India of his visits to the colony Dr. Morrison asked his with the intention of joining the Indian Police. young colleague to accompany him. "Here," wrote There he lived for a few months with one of his Mr. Bailey, "I became interested in the lepers and

raised in Ireland. Thus began the system of "grants in aid" of work not directly under the Mission's control. The Mission's first leper home was opened at Chamba in the same year.

In 1882 Mr. and Mrs. Bailey left India and made their home in Edinburgh where for the next three years Mr. Bailey was secretary of the Zenana Bible and Medical Mission and honorary Secre- tary of the Mission to Lepers. Early in 1886 the growing work led the committee to invite him to become the general secretary of the Mission.

During the next thirty-five years not only were homes for lepers and their children established at many places in India, but the work of the Mission was extended to China and to other parts of the world. Auxiliaries and branches were established in Canada, the United States, Australia, New Zealand and on the Continent and Mr. and Mrs. Bailey traveled widely in the interests of the Mission.

When Mr. Bailey visited Canada in 1892 an Auxiliary was organized in Guelph, Ontario, and Miss Lila Watt became its honorary secretary. Later she was appointed full-time secretary. Hp.r work continued with much success until 1908 when ill health compelled her to take a complete , rest.

The British headquarters of the Society were transferred to London in 1921 and a new execu- WELLESLEY C. BAILElY tive council was formed, of which Sir William Fry, D.L., was elected chairman. A committee used to visit them regularly, little realizing that in the United States was organized in 1910 with I was entering upon my life work." Mr. William M. Danner as general secretary-a Early in the year 1872 Mr. Bailey and his wife position which he filled with devotion and effec- visited Subathu, where Dr. John Newton of the tiveness for twenty-six years. This committee American Presbyterian Mission was caring for assumed direct responsibility for specific work in some needy lepers and the impression as to the various countries. Largely due to their efforts, urgent need for leper asylums was deepened. the American interest has greatly increased and Owing to Mrs. Bailey's poor health, it became the United States Government was influential to necessary, towards the end of 1873, for them to establish a national leprosarium. The American leave India for a time. While on furlough they Committee have also succeeded in stimulating visited in Dublin and Monkstown, and Mr. Bailey practical effort to meet toe situation created by related to a small group of friends some of his leprosy in many countries, and the American peo- experiences among the lepers in the Panjab. ple have contributed generous financial support Shortly afterwards Mr. Bailey gave his first pub- in the maintenance and expansion of Christian lic address ort behalf of the lepers in the Friends' work for lepers.

Meeting House at Monkstown. Following this ad- Mr. Bailey retired as general secretary in the dress Miss Charlotte Pinn and her sisters under- year 1917 with the title of Honorary Superintook to raise about £30 a year for relief of the tendent. His recent death removes from the mislepers. Mr. Bailey subsequently wrote: "Though sion circles not only an outstanding personality we did not realize it at the time, there and then but one who, as founder of a work that has bewas founded our beloved Mission." (September, come world-wide in its activities, ranks with those. 1874.) great leaders of the last century. To the work on In the December following, Mr. and Mrs. Bailey behalf of lepers that Mr. Bailey was privileged to returned to India and commenced work under the direct for forty-three years, is due in large meas- Church of Scotland Foreign Mission at Chamba ure the greater things that are being done today in the Panjab. Shortly afterwards he sent to the in the countries of the world where this age-long lepers· of Subathu Rs. 100 out of the first funds scourge is so widely prevalent.

Centennial of Presbyterian

By HERRICK BLACK YOUNG, Ph.D.

Secretary of the Centennial Council of Board of Foreign Missions, Presbyterian Church in the U. S. A.

I T WAS in days of depression, with banks fail- Columbus, Ohio, the last of May and the first week ing and commercial enterprises closing their in June. doors, that the first meeting of the Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions was held in the The third emphasis, in the autumn, will be city of Baltimore, on October 31, 1837. The given to promoting interest in the churches, since winter of 1838 was one of such unusual severity it was on October 31, 1837, that the first meeting of the Board actually was held.

that even New York City could not care for her A major effort will be made .to acquaint the destitute and men died of starvation or froze to young people of the Church with the Centennial death in the streets. Business confidence was at . and with their responsibilities in the new century a low ebb. None the less, those who had the of foreign missions which is opening ahead. cause of foreign missions on their hearts, launched Therefore, several special projects have been this great forward moving effort in the face of launched to reach the young people. As Presby- great difficulties. It is with this same spirit that terian youth speak to their parents and friends on the Presbyterian Church in this year, 1937, is the subject of "The Future of Foreign Missions," celebrating its Centennial. While full recognition this should bring home to the adult members, the is being given to the glorious achievements of the present world situation as related to foreign mispast century, the major emphasis is being laid sions. With this in view, a Centennial Oratorical upon the problems and opportunities of the period Contest has been set up, with the finals staged at that lies ahead. The concern of the Board is that the Assembly at Columbus. The theme of the orathe Centennial shall sound an urgent call to tions (from 1,500 to 2,000 words in length) is prayerful consecration for sacrificial service in "The Future of Foreign Missions," and the con- the years ahead, as well as a celebration of prog- test is open to any member of this Church between ress already made. the ages of sixteen and twenty-three. The first The spiritual dynamic which ever has been the pla.ce winner will receive as an award a Friend- outstanding characteristic of the foreign mission- ship Frontiers Tour in the summer of 1937 to inary enterprise is especially needed now to over- elude Tokyo, Pyengyang, Peiping, Shanghai, and come depression psychology, materialism and Dumaguete, Philippine Islands. Winner of second criticism in the Church at home, and to surge out place will receive a Friendship Frontiers Tour to against similar and more sinister forces abroad. Mexico and Guatemala. Vital and spiritual connections must be established with great opportunities and movements of the Elimination contests have been held in local Spirit of God in the world today, and thus kindle churches, the winners participating later in each anew the flame of missionary zeal in the Church presbytery, after which judges in the Pacific, Rocky Mountain, Middlewest, and Eastern areas in America. selected the winners and alternates to compete in The present calendar year was set aside by the person at the General Assembly.

General Council of the Presbyterian Church for During the "depression years" only a small the commemoration and it has been thought wise number of new missionaries have been sent to the to divide the twelve months into three major sec- foreign field each year by the Board; and at the tions. From January 1 until June 1 is set aside same time there has been the usual number of as a period for spreading information on the pres- withdrawals, so that the total force on the field has ent importance of the claims of foreign missions, dropped from more than 1,600 to 1,300. One of as well as the accomplishments of the past cen- the major goals of the Centennial year is to arouse tury. A great deal of the lack of interest has been interest in the Church that there will be an in- due to lack of information about the place of for- crease in the gifts and also an increase in voluneign missions in the present world situation. teers for foreign service.

The second period of emphasis during the year Foreign Missions Emphasis Weeks have been is to be the General Assembly which is to meet at arranged for Presbyterian seminaries and col- [241 ]

THE HaN. WALTER LOWRIE, LL.D. written by Dr. M. K. W. Heicher of Pasadena, California, and is entitled "Hitherto-Henceforth" First Secretary of the Board of Foreign Missions in ten episodes. of the Presbyterian Church (1837-1868) The churches on the mission fields, which have leges, and on university campuses where West- grown out of Presbyterian missionary work, and minster Foundations are active. Able speakers the missions in sixteen countries are all setting spend several consecutive days at each institution. aside a special period for celebration during the In addition to formal addresses an opportunity is year. The Africa Mission plan is typical. As a given to present to students, individually and in part of the Centennial, the Mission has planned small groups, a glimpse of the urgent challenge of a Preaching Mission for five days at each comforeign missions and what they themselves may munion point, with African missioners for the contribute to the on-going Christian movement in most part, with a goal to win 15,000 new Christhe new century. tians. April 4, 1937, was set as a special day of prayer, in which the home Church was asked to A forward looking play, "The Years Ahead," join. has been written for the Centennial by Dr. Elliot Field, a well-known religious dramatist. The plot In an effort to bring to the home Church a viis laid on an American campus and with a cast of sion of the world-wide scope of the work of the nine and with no costume problems, it offers few past century, a sound-motion picture film has been difficulties in presentation. produced entitled "Our Century of Progress," with an interpretive lecture by Dr. Robert E. "With Cross and Crown in Every Land, 1837- Speer, who appears in person in the picture. A 1937" is the Centennial pageant, prepared by Dr. special Centennial stereopticon lecture also has William Chalmers Covert. The opening episode been prepared. portrays the inception of the missionary movement in the Apostolic Church; another shows the A Centennial hymn has been selected from more first meeting of the Board of Foreign Missions in than two hundred hymns submitted from all parts Baltimore in 1837, and the final episode gives a of the country and from seven foreign lands. glimpse of the accomplishments of the past cen- "God of Years, Thy Love Has Led Us," by Dr. tury and the challenging opportunities ahead. It Jay Glover Eldridge of Moscow, Idaho, is awarded is available in longer and shorter form and for the prize, to be sung to Beethoven's Hymn to Joy. large and small casts. Another pageant has been A splendid array of foreign missions sermons has been submitted in the Centennial Sermon Contest and the ten outstanding sermons will be published in a booklet and distributed as source material for other preachers on this theme.

"One Hundred Years," the comprehensive his- tory of the work of the century, has been prepared by Dr. Arthur J. Brown, secretary of the Board from 1895 to 1929. (Published by the Fleming H.Revell Company.) A series of six booklets has also been prepared by Dr. William T. Hanzsche, under the title, "And They Went Forth."

I. Introduction – including beginnings of Presbyterian foreign missions and their relationship to world history during the same period.

II. Analysis of the Evangelistic strand in our foreign missions enterprise.

III. Analysis of the Medical strand in our foreign mis- sions enterprise.

IV. Analysis of the Educational strand in our foreign missions enterprise.

V. Analysis of the development of the National Church. VI. Concluding chapter – stressing that the Centennial is a consecration and not a celebration.

Centennial pamphlets, one for each Mission, gives the present situation in each field around the world.

At the General Assembly (beginning on May 27,1937) greetings will be brought from the four-

19371 THE CENTENNIAL OF PRESBYTERIAN MISSIONS

RE V. MIGUEL RIZZO, JR., MR. YAHYA ARMAJ,uu, MISS YOSKO SAITO, REV. E. C. SOBREPENA, Sao Paulo, Brazil Alborz College, Teheran Manila, Philippines Presbyterian Church, Japan REPRESENTATIVES OF THE PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH IN FORIDIGN LANDS teen National Churches in foreign lands, and school. In 1918, he came to the United States, entered there will be an interesting exhibit of the work Macalester College, receiving his A.B. degree in 1923, and of the century. then for two years studied at Princeton Theological Sem- inary. He later entered Drew Theological Seminary, and Some Delegates from Mission Lands for a time served as pastor of the Filipino Church in Brooklyn. Rev. Miguel Rizzo, Jr., of Sao Paulo, Brazil, is one of the outstanding Protestant ministers of Latin America. After his return to the Philippines in 1926, He became pastor of the United Church in Manila and also taught A recent letter from Brazil says: "He is perhaps :the in the Union Theological Seminary. Dr. Sobrepena is only Protestant minister in the city who is being sought editor of the local official organ of the United Evangelical in Council by any considerable number of those who sit Church, The Advance. in high seats in this city and in Brazil, and so he has a unique position and responsibility. His sermons are based *** on eternal truths, and not theological quioblings." Mr. Yahya Armajani, one of the Christian leaders of the Near East, is the representative of the Evangelical H-e is the eldest son of Deacon Miguel Rizzo, one of the Church of Iran. He is on the faculty of Alborz College earliest converts of the first Presbyterian missionary in of Teheran, where he is chairman of the Religious Work, Brazil. and is active in church affairs throughout awakening Iran. After attending the Presbyterian Mission School in Miguel Rizzo, Jr., received his early training in govern- Resht as a small boy Armajani came to Teheran and finment schools and under private teachers. He then entered ished three years at Alborz College. Coming to the United the Theological Seminary in Campinas. During his early States, he took his B.A. degree at the College of Emporia, pastorates, he founded a school for boys and also carried graduated from Princeton Theological Seminary, and reon extensive evangelistic work. In Campinas, he not only turned to Iran where he has been doing outstanding work built a modern church edifice, but taught modern lan- in the Evangelical Church. guages in the local high school and was professor of Portuguese literature in the Government Teachers College. *** Rev. Hafiz Abood Faris is moderator of the Syrian Since 1926, Professor Rizzo has been pastor in the First Evangelical Church. He has spent a number of years in America and is now pastor of the church at Horns, Syria, Presbyterian Church of Sao Paulo, where the membership president of. the Synod, and moderator of the Syrian Evangelical Church. The federation among the Prothas increased from three hundred to sixteen hundred, with estants in Syria, effected under his leadership, in addition to the Evangelical Church includes the Covenanter an attendance of 1,000 at morning services. His , church, churches, the Irish Presbyterian Mission churches and the Danish Mission churches. conducts more than a dozen Sunday schools in the suburbs For a Church-wide broadcast (October 29, of this city of 1,000,000 inhabitants. ' 1937), hundre,ds of thousands of Presbyterian groups can assemble in their own localities to For several years Professor Rizzo was editor of The hear the Centennial message by Dr. Robert E. Speer, on the eve of his retirement from the office Review of Na,tiona~ Missions of the Presbyterian Church of Secretary of the Board after forty-six years of active service. of Brazil. He has been asked by the General Assembly A special celebration is to be held in the Fifth of the Brazilian Church to write a biography of the late Avenue Church, New York, October 28, 1937, to which representatives of all Mission Boards and Dr. Erasmo Braga. Societies in America will be invited, together with representatives of Societies in Great Britain and *** The Rev. Enrique C. Sobrepena, D.D., moderator of the United Evangelical Church of the Philippine Islands, is to represent the new church of his native land. He was elected as first moderator of the General Assembly of this United Church at the time of its organization in 1929, and has been reelected biennially for three successive terms.

Dr. Sobrepena was a member of the constitutional convention and assisted in drafting the plan of government of the Philippine Commonwealth.

Enrique Sobrepena was born in Caba, La Union, and joined the evangelical Church while attending grade

Europe. This will be devoted largely to the dis- (c) Training nati.onal w.orkers .on the f.oreign field f.or cussion of the vital issues in world missions at the Christian service am.ong their .own pe.ople. present time, but will include a survey of the century in world-wide missions. In First Church, (d) Devel.opment .of medical w.ork thr.ough better equip- Baltimore, in which the first meeting of the Board was held, there will be another celebration on Oc- ment .of selected h.ospitals, particularly projects such as tober 31 and November 1. public health campaigns, end.owments .of beds f.or .our min- Because many in the Church will wish to make a special gift to celebrate the end of the first cen- istry t.o the P.o.or, etc. . tury and to start the second hundred years, a Centennial Fund for Foreign Missions is being set (e) Certain f.orward-I.o.oking projects t.o be designated up to be used for the following purposes: by the B.oard with particular regard t.o their appeal t.o y.oung pe.ople, w.omen, men's .organizati.ons, and t.o other (a) Life – new missi.onaries t.o increase the missionary particular gr.oups in the Church. OpP.ortunity will be f.orce. The B.oard pr.oP.oses t.o ask f.or these .on a ten-year given t.o individuals and churches t.o undertake such pr.ojbasis, expecting t.o abs.orb ten per cent a year .of this in- ects as they may desire. crease in its regular budget through increased gifts .of the churches. As a result of the centennial celebration, it is hoped that by the end of the year of 1937 the (b) Definite evangelistic pr.ojects t.o meet the .oPP.ortu- Presbyterian Church, U. S. A., will be more fully nities n.ow c.onfr.onting the B.oard and its Missi.ons. aware of the vistas of opportunity in the new cen- tury and will be more eager to promote the work of Christ in every land and among all peoples.

GOD OF YEARS THY LOVE HATH LED US (Centennial Hymn, 1837-1937) 8.7.8.7. D. H lMN TO JOY Jay Glove. Eldridge. 19311 Ludwig van B.<tnoven. 1824 Wilh exultation '~rt=±=ft~ii I.!l ~ j Ij: 5' 33 1. God of years, Thy love haib led u~, Thou hast been our bul-wark strong, 2. On ward lead, 0 King e· ter-nal, 10, we heed Thy high com-mand, 3. Lead us forth, a Church u – nit – ed, Strong. cour-a-geous, in Thy migbt.

I mI ~~ 1j Jj Z ~~j-=~–~ ii n ~E ¢fJlf~.1):I~ Wall of fire a gainst the wick-ed, Sword of power a-gainst the wrong.

Bear good news tc ev – ery peo – pIe, Far and near, in ev – cry land. 10, the fields are white with bar-vest, Sheaves to gar-ner ere the night.

II ~:- ~ -C 1 ~- ~I ~~~:=f11~~ ~ 1i4fi~J9~hIlI–~ '"' ':;'"'; "in Thou hast blest of old Thy serv-ants As they bore Thy mes sage far; Thine they are,Thy love doth seek them, Thou wouldst bring them tc the light; ~ ~~ad;' !Lh~h "'~ 'oil; ~ft-ri=#ff-r~f f IfflFT1-ti ~~~d:-J~~~ J.4 ~J~l —-.1..-.+.,-.—-+.-.–1-w0 -~ -1 H-~ I.·-I-1 1 T .+. …-~–.I..6 –"Z+1 7-::–6:t/–1-7-7l~ .

We who fol-Iow in their foot-steps Ev-er-more tbeir debt-ois are.

Lea:! us on till darkness brighteris, On till faith is lost in sight.

Lead us on, 0 King e ter-nal, So shall love, world-wide. pre-vail. A-men• r(.-;'8_iO~~ -e.-_.:JrI..r–~..·~.–I-[-'I.Tt=:-:–1=r1=_l-.=.-/=~Ltt.._l:~==-+=:-..~r.==-f!:~:~-=W~·~.~ W–. …~— -.;j-~—-l Word. C ·Ilyrillibt. 1937, by tb. Prc.l>vteri·, B "ard of j/I)reign Missiona.

Christ Changes Life in

By BRAYTON C. CASE -·~.II'._=""M""I""'S""Si""On""a""rY=o,,,,'""'h_Se=cAh_mo"o"el","ri_Pcay""inn=mB"a"anp"a"'_,iS,B,,,t"u"Mrm_l""a'SS""io_n=A""g""ri""CU_I""tu",,ra_I=;;;;:JI5+"- W HAT difference do Christian missions "One man may take one thousand mates." make to the people of Burma? Is their "Wrong a woman as you may-twenty-five life really changed? rupees (the price of an ox) will make it good." One Sunday afternoon I had been at a meeting "If the skirt of a woman touches the sacred of Christians in a village bamboo chapel. After page of Pali scripture (written on the palmleaf) the service a Burmese Christian asked me to it is counted a sin for which she may suffer years speak to his brother about Christ. He took me in hell." outside the village through the intense heat of the While Burmese boys went to the monastic sun and left me in the shade of a teak tree while school to learn to read, girls were kept illiterate. he called his brother who was cutting grass be- Childhood is changed. As soon as a child is old tween the fields of ripening rice. Soon the brother enough to run, he is expected to help add to the came and set his sickle down beside me. I said: income of his parents, and often will be taken out "Your brother wants me to preach to you about of school (if there is one) in order that he may drive away sparrows from the grain, herd the Christ." cattle, cut grass, lug the smaller child, weed the "You do not need to preach to me," he replied. fields, carry food to his elders, and in any way lighten the burdens of his parents. Children are "I used to work as cook for a Christian English for the welfare of their parents, rather than parjudge, and went to many parts of Burma with ents for the welfare of the children. Half the him. In the morning he held his court, and then children of Burma die in their infancy, and many while he rested in the middle of the day, I watched who live longer are maimed, blind, covered with the door. He would tell me, 'If any man comes itch, attached by vermin, and suffer with diseases to see me with a roll of rupees in his hand for a through ignorance and carelessness. But when bribe, you drive him down the stairs. But if any Jesus Christ comes to a village, there come also one comes who is really in trouble and needs my new health to the child, new schools to open his help, call me and I will help him.' With the Chris- mind, more soap to clean his body and his clothes. tian judge I went to Mandalay, and there I saw a Life is lengthened and expanded, and opportunity Christian leper asylum. If we Buddhists see a for the life of a child is enlarged. Jesus said, leper, we think he must be suffering that penalty "Suffer little children to come unto me." for some sin of a previous incarnation. We throw him a copper coin and say, 'Get out of my sight.' Man is changed. He has been crushed under But the Christians of Mandalay have built houses the burden of debt, poverty, disease and fear of for lepers and provide food and clothing for them. the evil spirits, which he believes are in every I also saw beautiful white women with lovely, cul- tree, pond, field and house. He also lives in fear tured faces who, with their delicate white hands, of his fellow-man; neighbors steal his crops and washed the filthy sores of those lepers. Buddhists maim his animals; cheating .and lying are so hate lepers; only Christians love lepers." common that he trusts no one except his own fam- ily. There is no bank in which to deposit his In Burma, only Christians have leper asylums; money. His few possessions must be hidden only Christians have schools for the blind and away, protected by his long spear which he puts teach them to read and work to earn their living. besides him as he lies down at night. Half a dozen Only Christians have schools for the deaf and of the most ferocious dogs he can find are kept dumb. Christians are "different." outside the door to frighten away his thieving neighbors. They bark all night so he gets no People are changed in Burma when Jesus sleep. But the spirit of Jesus Christ teaches men Christ comes into their lives. to love their neighbors; a new peace and good will among men is introduced and they begin to Womanhood is changed. They have been the help one another in new ways. Christ taught men drudges. The Burmese woman walks behind the man and carries the heavy load on her head. A woman is told that she is worth less than a male dog. The old sayings were: [245 ]

to stand straighter, both in body and spirit. In schools and colleges, and hospitals for nurses'

Christian communities new crops are grown; training.'·'

there is more food. Interest rates go down. A "Are you troubled with thieving?" I asked.

man can enjoy more of what he produces, and "No," he said, "we have a Christian night~ there comes in a new spirit of generosity, to give watchman who, with a cross bow and arrow, for the good of others. The home is cleaner and watches the streets at night, and there is a notice the family is better fed; all life is more abundant. at the head of the village which reads: 'No one A visit to the Christian village of Ingaw will may pass through the village after ten o'clock.' If illustrate. The young people had arranged a any dogs bark, he shoots his arrows; thieves stay summer Bible assembly for young people in the away." villages. As a member of the faculty I was asked There were 125 adults besides fifty children atto give a course on the twelve Apostles, and an- tending the Bible Assembly. When the bell rang, other also on pigs, rice, fruit and vegetables. On people left their houses with the doors open and arrival I was met at the river bank by a bullock· went to the school house. The choir sang, a brass cart from the village, and brought with me some band played, and the people worshiped. .They had not learned much of modern agriculture or medi- Berkshire pigs and Barred Plymouth Rock hens cine, or modern housekeeping, but they had to help in the teaching; also baskets of rice seed, learned to love one another, to pray and sing, to vegetable seeds, cashew nuts, and fruit seeds. The give generously, and to honor the Christian life oxen trotted along the jungle road on which there were mud holes where the buffaloes and pigs wal- of the elders. It made life different. lowed, and more than once we nearly tipped over. I asked to see the headman of the village whose Two miles an hour was the speed limit. In Amer- duty it is to keep law and order. One would exica, people tell me that their town is the best in pect to see some strong-armed man, but he was the country and their neighbors are most remark- over seventy, bent with years. He ruled the vilable. In Burma, they say: "I live in an awful lage through love and justice. There had been no village." Villages were pointed out to me where police cases in his village for many years. The . there were thieves, gamblers, opium eaters and district judge had asked why he was sending no opium smugglers. I was told the chief of one cases to his court, and the reply was: village had been jailed for stealing the taxes. "This is a Christian village. We settle our dis- Fences were tumbled down; houses were leaning putes peaceably amongst ourselves. We do not over; there were roofs through which the sun need lawyers and courts." I went with him to visit one of the Christian was shining, and the houses were in a dilapidated homes. On entering the yard, I saw a vegetable condition. garden, flowers growing, a pig pen on one side and chicken coop on the other. The man of the Suddenly we came to a new type of village. The house came out with a smile and the family dog street was straight, with ditches beside the road walked behind, wagging his tail in friendlin~ss. to drain them. Fences were upright and the I asked if there were any Buddhist homes in the yards were neat, with attractive houses which al- village, and he replied that there were seven most looked like missionary homes. They were houses on the outskirts. The leading home was built up on stilts because, during the rainy season, of the "kyaungtaga," the honorary title used 'to one hundred inches of rain fall in six months. designate a builder of sacred places. He had built The land is a swamp, and floods are common, so a monastery many years ago with 300 rupees and that people live from the second story up. At the had gained the title for life. His daughter had end of the village street was a large attractive attended the school for a few years but was taken teakwood school house. out for fear she might become a Christian. His son went to the monastery where he had shouted "How much did it cost," I asked. his letters to the Buddhist priest for three or four years, but he was scarcely able to read or write. "Ten thousand· rupees," the driver' replied; This Buddhist elder had no garden, no pigs or "but we only had to buy the timber. We built it with our own hands. It is a middle school of 150 children, with a higher department."

"How can you have such a high grade school chickens, because he believed his ancestors might in a village of only 130 houses?" I asked. be in them. It would be a sin for him to kill any "The Christian villages at the foot of the hill of them for meat.

only have primary schools," the driver replied, "Will you come hear what we are teaching "so their children come here for the higher edu- about agriculture in the meetings of the as- cation, and each Christian family extends a stand- sembly?" I asked Kyaungtaga.

ing invitation, with free board and lodging, for "We do not dare to leave the house for fear of any child from any of these villages. Young peo- thieves," he replied. "Are you afraid your Chris- ple graduating here have gone out to normal tian neighbors will steal from you?"

HOW CHRIST CHANGES LIFE IN BURMA

"We have other neighbors of whom we are "Where is the doctor?"

afraid," he replied. "It is after five o'clock," the nurse replied.

The Christian headman explained that these "These are not his hours to be here; perhaps he seven Buddhist families are divided into three is at home."

groups that are not on speaking terms with each We found him, but he said: "Cholera is a very other. contagious disease. We cannot take cholera pa- As I started to go away, half a dozen fierce tients here. There is a pest house outside the city dogs, like wild lions, came bounding after me as if with another doctor in charge who takes care of they would eat me alive. them."

"Why do you have such fierce dogs?" I asked. When we reached the long shed known as the "The dogs are all that we have that we can "pest house," we heard groans of men hoarsely trust," was the reply. crying, "Water, water," for cholera hrings a ter- I told him that the Christians learned to trust rible thirst. We asked: one another when they had learned to trust God. "Where is the doctor?"

"Will you come and hear about the God who "No doctor," they replied.

makes them different?" I asked. The water jars were full, and beside them were "They have their religion," he replied, "and we • bottles of medicine, also full, but there was no have ours." He shut up his heart like a clam; doctor to care for the sufferers. After a short and when he shut Jesus out, he shut out the im- time, the native doctor appeared. He had been proved agriculture, the improved health, the hiding until he heard we were there and would higher education, the richer social life and a great find it out. He had been educated in a government measure of that now abundant life which Jesus medical school and knew the treatment, but it was Christ brings to the villages of Burma. He does not pleasant to see men dying with cholera, and make a difference. he did not want to catch it. He had a medical If Burma is a part of the British Empire, why education, but was not a Christian. He had bedon't the British do something to civilize these come a doctor to get a good salary and pension; people and teach them modern improvements? not for the service he could give to others. Sim- The British have done many things to improve the ilarily do we find a difference in other forms of life of the people, and missionaries are grateful government service where men are not Christians. for the British law and order, peace and justice, which give freedom for the teaching and practice Some British officers, with a Christian back- of religion. Many British officers, with high ground who had seen the cooperative societies of ideals of Christian character, have tried to set up Europe, have tried to organize similar societies , the machinery of government organization to aid for the relief of poor farmers, enslaved by debt, the people of the country. Colleges have been es- who often pay 100% interest for money borrowed tablished by the government, teaching science, to meet living and agricultural expenses between engineering, law and medicine. In each district harvests. They organized central cooperative headquarters there is a government hospital with banks and persuaded men of means to put their free beds and free dispensing of medicines, with savings into them, to be loaned to the poor farm- two doctors in charge. All of this is paid for out ers at much reduced rates of interest. The or- of the taxes. We do not often see such service ganization was set up for village cooperative even in America, but the difficulty is with the peo- credit societies where the farmers who put in ten ple who run the machinery. rupees for a share, could borrow up to 100 rupees I was visiting Myitkyina in the northern part for cultivation at a rate of 15 % instead of 100 %. of Burma where Mr. Geis was a missionary to the Kachins. Cholera had broken out. The people The Buddhist village leader saw in this a val- believe the demons have been let loose and are uable new opportunity, and told his sons and destroying them. At night bonfires are lighted on nephews and uncles, and hired men, to join. "If the streets; a great din is made by rattling of you do not have the money," he said, "I will lend tin cans and shouting. The Buddhist priests you ten rupees so you get your money in quickly. gather on the street corners and recite incanta- Now, elect me chairman. We will each stand se- tions to drive out the demons. Here sick people curity for one another, and sign a paper request- were on the streets, going to the hospital. We ing a loan of 100 rupees each." found a Kachin man lying beside the river bank This paper was sent to the cooperative bank and the loan was secured.

who had been stricken with cholera, and carried "Now," he said, "you give me the money; I am him to the hospital. We met Burmans and Chi- boss, and I will lend it out at the usual 100% in- nese, being helped by their neighbors, and trying terest to those who could not get into the society.

to reach the Government hospitals before they We will all make an easy profit without any died. When we arriv~d, we asked: work."

The loans were recorded in the loan books and, agriculture proposed to be taught in schools, is at the end of the year, principal plus interest was considered mere "animal learning." We are told written down as received, and the next day an to give our life-time savings to build pagodas and amount, equal to the principal and interest, was temples. The food of the poor must go as offer- loaned out again, so that the whole transaction ings to priests and idols. The price received for was merely a book transfer without any money. the harvest must be used for the pagoda festival The heads of the cooperative bank in the begin- and the burning of a dead priest. They teach us ning, were British but the popular cry demanded to waste our substance, but you Christians offer that a fellow-Buddhist should be placed at the the opportunity for progress."

head. When the depression came, and an investi- This man was a leading member of the legisla- gation was started to look for the actual money, tive council and finance committee, and a Burman it was learned there was no money, but only ac- Buddhist, but he knew that Christians were "dif- counts. The head of the bank, to prevent investi- ferent."

gation, burned the bank and his accounts; the Another experience strikingly illustrates this.

bank failed, and several thousand cooperative so- Speeding on an express train from Mandalay to Cieties were closed. Many pronounced the coop- Rangoon, I came to a bridge near which some erative movement a failure. The Christian men at· people had been stealing fence wire from the rail- Pyinmana have now organized a new cooperative road, for which they had been persecuted and bank and new types of village cooperative socie- punished. To get even with the railroad, they ties for the marketing of poultry products. The took the rails off from the bridge, and the engine Buddhist who was head of the cooperative de- crashed headlong into the gulch with several cars partment in my district, came to my office and on top of it, full of passengers. Fifty-seven peo- said: ple were killed. I was at the back of the train, "Unless Christian missionaries help develop the and jumped up with my electric torch. I ran Cooperative Movement in Burma, it will fail." down to the wreck where the injured were shriek- He knew Christians were "different." ing for help.

British doctors, with Christian ideals, saw the "Save me!" they cried. "I have money I will terrible health conditions and the suffering from give you. Save me!"

disease in the villages, and organized the Burma I climbed through a broken window on the side Health Department. Modern methods of health of one of the overturned cars and found I was education were introduced, and trained nurses walking upon the bodies of the dead, between and midwives were placed in strategic centers. which were still moving some arms and feet of Moving pictures were shown to shouting crowds those yet alive. A door had crushed six people all over Burma. Tons of health literature were who were still alive, but I could not raise it. I distributed all over the country, giving instruc- told the injured that I would go for help and come tion on feeding,care and prevention of disease, to save them. I went to the back of the train small pox, cholera, sanitation, pure water, with where men were sitting comfortably in their striking pictures in color. The people gladly ac- seats under the electric lights, and shouted: cepted the free literature. Paper is rarely seen "Will three or four of you men come and help in the villages and the health leaflets were often me to lift a door which has crushed six people?· used as cigar or cheroot wrappers, and were If you help, we can save them."

smoked with appreciation – the only method by Noone would move. ·1 went to the next car which many of them could take in the informa- where there were Buddhist priests with shaven tion! When I met the man at the head of the heads and yellow robes. They were men of in- propaganda work of this Department, in a Chris- fluence, whom people worshipped. I begged of tian village, where people eagerly welcomed him them to tell some strong men near by to come and his ideas, he said: and help me.

"Unless the Christians help in the work of the "They are your fellow-Burmans," I said, "your Health Department, it will only end in hot air." own flesh and blood. Come and help save them."

He was a Buddhist Burman, but he knew Chris- They just glared at me; no one said a word nor tians were "different." made a move. At the back of the train in the Recently I served' on a government committee guard-van, I knew there were axes and crowbars for the reorganization of village and vocational for emergencies. I went back and picked them education in Burma, and visited many schools. up, and as I returned, once more cried: When we left a Christian school, which was mak- "Will someone please come and help me save ing a distinctive contribution to village economic six people?"

life, one of the Burmese men said to me, "The A Burman gentleman stepped out and said, "I Buddhist priests teach us that we must not raise will help."

chickens and pigs. The science of health and He was a Christian lawyer from Mandalay. A

boy came running along beside me, who said he portunities of a more abundant life. He had a was from the Christian school in Mandalay. He bank on his estate which loaned money for culti- also would help. We climbed down into the wreck vating expenses, at 1270 instead of 100%. He and hacked and sawed at the door. While we always paid a higher price for the harvest than worked, passengers came along with lighted the neighboring merchants. He opened roads to candles, saying: the villages; he provided a private police force to protect the people from marauding robber bands, "I have lost my bed bundle! Where is my pil- and his door was always open to the farmers who low? I want my box; it has money in it." had difficulties and disputes to settle among them- selves. He was like a father to his tenants. Cap- One of the men who escaped injury, yelled at tain Rivers said to me: them, "Isn't it good enough that your life was saved, not to trouble these men at their work?" "You are teaching improved practices in the He joined in and helped, but the others only Pyinmana Agriculture School, and have men who worked to get something for themselves but would know how to show these tenants' better methods not work to save others. After many hours we of farming. Will you please locate some of your rescued the people under the door, but only four graduates from the school on my estate as demon- were alive. The last woman had her hip crushed. strators of improved agriculture?" It was daylight now, and some strong farmers were standing besides me looking on. I cried to When I put the proposition up to the young men one of them: in the school, three of them volunteered to leave home and settle on this estate. Each took ten "Won't you please help me carry this poor acres of land; the size of a tenant farm, and there woman across the stream?" they now are growing the improved government pedigreed rice, yielding 2570 more of a crop, "Ma-kaing, ye-bu," was the reply, which means, ripening one month earlier, than that of their "I do not feel like touching her. It would be un- neighbors. Because of earlier ripel!ing, the pleasant to help carry an injured woman." ground is still moist enough for planting, and cow peas have been sown in the rice stubble and plowed Soon after a relief train arrived with the Super- under. The beans grow, and pods form during intendent of the railroad. When I asked why the the two months while the rice is being harvested, people did not help, he replied: threshed and cleaned. Then, they come back and pick the beans which can be eaten or sold and so "In every wreck it is the same way. No one two crops are harvested from that rice field where will help." there was only one crop before. The bean vines are fed to the cattle that work the field, and next After many dead bodies were lifted out of the year a better crop of rice will grow because the wrecked cars, the workmen came upon a Bud- beans have made the soil more fertile. On the dhist priest who was still alive. He had been higher land, instead of rice, they are growing bolstered by the bodies surrounding him and had sugar cane, soy beans and pigeon peas, which not been injured. He stood up and shook his bring a higher income than the rice. Near their hand and then he shook his foot and said, "Noth- bamboo house is a vegetable garden with cabing is the matter with me. I am all right." And bages, carrots, onions, radishes, tomatoes, egg out came the usual Burman expression, "Kan- plants and lima beans. They have good things to kaung-lo-lut-teh," meaning "My good karma eat, produced in the home garden for which they (previous good deeds) has saved me." That is do not have to borrow from the bank between what the Buddhists have been taught for a thou- harvests. They use a modern plow that does sand years. People who were injured received twice as good work as the old native plow. They what they deserved, due to the evil deeds of a also have the Berkshire "Christian" pigs and the previous existence. Those who escaped received Barred Plymouth Rock "Christian" hens. the reward of their good deeds. Why should they suffer for others? The ideas of those farm demonstrators are spreading to the neighboring villages, and life is But Jesus Christ taught the way of the Cross, being changed. Those three farm demonstrators the way of suffering to save others. That is what and that captain at the head of the ·estate are makes Christians "different." working to lift the village farmers out of poverty, debt and hopelessness. Each of them is saying, For many years I shuddered whenever I went "I'll help. I'll help." They are Christians; their by that bridge. But now when I come to Kyauk- lives have been changed by the spirit of Jesus taga, the town near that wreck, I am thrilled with the expectation of meeting Christian friends Christ who said: working to save others. "I am come that they may have life and may Captain Rivers, a former army officer, recently have it more abundantly." became the director of a large estate of 35,000 acres on which live 15,000 tenant· farmers and their families. He saw their rice yielded a poor crop. They were slaves to money lenders, and life was hopeless. He wanted to lift them to the op-

by M,r. aM Mrs. Martin

KENYA GIRLS OF EAST AFRICA-THEIR ORNAMENTS ARE BRASS RINGS, BEADS AND IVORY EARRINGS Photo by Mr. and Mrs. Martin Johnson MOVING PICTURE-EAST AFRICAN NATIVES STARTING A WAR DANCE

Moving Pictures of African

11 By WILliAM L. ROGERS, Now Y",k I~ O NCE it was news when denominational mis- ensuing industrialization; the wealth of Africa's sion boards cooperated in their missionary natural resources; and some of the effects of in- work. Now the first joint production of a dustrialization upon the native African. These motion picture on a year's field of foreign mission reels are comprehensive enough for advanced edu- study is news because it marks another advance cational groups, and at the same time are pre- in interdenominational cooperation. It is news, sented so simply as to be usable with the grade too, when that motion picture, prepared primarily school children.

for missionary education, is recommended by edu- Reel three, From Fetishes to Faith, takes up cators for use in public schools as an educational the problems which confronted the first mission- film. It bids fair to be a successful experiment aries to Africa, shows how they are gradually be- in cooperative financing. ing solved and sketches the hopes for the Chris- Since Africa has been the subject for foreign tian church in Africa when the present tremen- mission study by the Protestant churches during dous needs have been met. Thus the first two the past year, it seemed advisable to have ade- reels paint the background of African life in quate visual material to supplement the study which Christian missionaries must work, while books. the third reel shows what is being done for the A committee of the Missionary Education African. The entire African situation is in this Movement soon found that although many of the way presented to the church at home and chal- denominational boards had short motion picture lenges it to match the efforts of the missionary films on Africa, none wished to take the respon- with unselfish support.

sibility for editing a longer film for interdenom- The success met in the cooperative financing of inational use. The Harmon Foundation finally this production offers the hope that a way has agreed to produce the picture, through its Division been found by which the denominational boards of Visual Experiment, and to make copies of the may have valuable visual material on their vari- film available to the boards, providing the Boards ous mission fields which has hitherto been too having work in Africa would assist. expensive. When twelve sets have been sold pro- A fine piece of cooperation followed. Ten of duction costs will have been met and the net in- the boards and their missionaries contributed come from additional sales will be divided among films, as did the late Martin Johnson, the Legation the purchasing boards. * Most of the boards own- of the Union of South Africa and others. The ing copies of the film charge a nominal rental for final selections were made from over a· hundred its use by local churches. It is likely that the first reels of film submitted. The scenario was pre- two reels will be increasingly used by the school pared by the writer of this article, with the help- systems of the country. While public schools will ful supervision of Rev. Emory Ross, Secretary of not accept religious material as such, they offer the Africa Committee of the Foreign Missions no objections to films embodying high ethical and Conference of North America, and by the Mis- cultural values. Denominational mission boards sionary Education Movement and denominational are thus in a strategic position for the production boards. of films which will pay their own way, while meet- AFRICA JOINS THE WORLD is a 16 mm. film, in ing the educational needs of the boards. Regard- three reels, each of which is a distinct unit. The less of whether or not AFRICA JOINS THE WORLD first reel, What Africa Is, makes use of animated proves a financial success to the denominational charts and maps as well as scenes to portray Af- mission boards, the interdenominational coopera- rica's history, physiography, racial distribution, tion that has gone into this production has great primitive religious beliefs, arts, and tribal or- vallie in itself and points the way to future help- ganization. The second reel, How Africa Lives, ful cooperation in the same field.

shows Africa's home life – types of houses, clothes, ornamentation, domestic relations, and • Ten and two-thirds sets have already been sold to boards- types of food; how th e African I'mteamkeasn a l' tivhinthge; Assemblies of God; Church of the Brethren; Congregational and the conquest of A fri ca b y the wh Christian; Methodist Episcopal; National Baptist; Northern Bap- W I u.tist Convention; Norwegian Lutheran; Presbyterian Church in S.; Presbyterian Church in U. S. A.; Seventh Day Adventist [251 ]

Future of Antioch I•n

Christian Missions to the ffMother of Gentile Churches"

By W. G. GREENSLADE, Beirut, Syria I Missionary of the Presbyterian Church, U. S. A. 1)8- ~==========================~ W HAT happens to Antioch in Syria is of largely substituted Latin for Arabic characters more than passing interest to Christians. in signs on the shops, and they publish a daily That city, "Mother of Gentile Churches," paper called "The New Day," partly in the Latin is where the "disciples were first called Chris- character and partly in the Arabic.

tians." Thence Paul and Barnabas set forth on The Arab or Syrian inhabitants of the sanjak, their foreign missionary campaign and there, including the Christian population is another fac- through the early centuries, Christian theology tor. Alexandretta is also Syria's only seaport and was worked out. Thence Ignatius went to Rome a large part of Aleppo's shipping· is through that to die a martyr and Chrysostom went to Constan- port. To pass by rail from Aleppo to Alexan- tinople to preach righteousness. There the body dretta means crossing the Turkish border and of Simeon Stylites was brought for burial from back again.

his neighboring mountain where he had made his The Syrian attitude is as follows: "Turkey de- influence felt throughout the empire. Several sires to annex the province of Alexandretta on ecclesiasts of Oriental Christian sects still bear the pretext that most of its inhabitants are Turks.

the title "Patriarch of Antioch," though living in … The Syrian people never doubt the fact that Damascus, Beirut or other centersl. the majority of the inhabitants of the sanjak are In recent months Antioch has been the subject Arabs.. . . Turkey cannot ignore the fact that of an international controversy. France has the natural boundaries between Turkey and Syria promised independence to the two mandated coun- are the Taurus Mountains; there are no other tries of Syria and the Lebanese Republic and will boundaries at all. If some of her subjects are liv- recommend their admission to the League of Na- ing to the south of this range why does she not tions. But Turkey has demanded a further di- suggest the exchange of inhabitants."

vision of Syria by making the district of Alexan- Recent reports from Geneva seem to indicate dretta, including its metropolis Antioch, into an that the Turkish view is prevailing and that the independent state. sanjak of Alexandretta is to have an independent What bearing has this controversy on the administration with a French High Commis- missionary cause? Since the World War the san- sioner, with a nominal allegiance to Syria, but jak (or ,district) of Alexandretta, though con- with recognition of Turkey's peculiar interests.

nected with Syria, has been financially autono- This may be merely a first step in the reabsorp- mous and has had some degree of administrative tion of Alexandretta and Antioch by Turkey.

independence. Racially the population differs The chief Christian mission operating in the from the rest of Syria in that a large proportion territory is the Irish Reformed Presbyterian with is of Turcoman stock. Antioch is predominantly stations at Alexandretta and Antioch. Its work Turkish-speaking, with Arabic and Armenian as is chiefly among the Arabic-speaking population.

secondary languages. From Antioch can be seen A number of Armenian Congregational churches the long ridge of Musa Dagh, with its cluster of are the result of the work of the American Board.

Armenian villages. Opportunities for contacts and effective witness- Turkey's interest in the sanjak is based partly ing have been found by the missionary agencies in on the large Turkish-speaking population, and the territory, but the most fruitful line of ap- partly on the ground that the occupation of Alex- proach has been through literature. The printed andretta was purely military and not intended as word is being-read more widely than is often.

a permanent annexation to Syria. She also main- realiz·ed. Colportage work has been carried on, tains that the responsibility of France cannot be and newspaper evangelism has been attempted.

passed on to the new state of Syria. The port of Turkish-speaking students from the Near East Alexandretta is only a few miles to the south of School of Theology in Beirut have been able to Turkish territory. The Turks on the Syrian side spend their summers working with some success have their young Kamalist clubs; they have in Antioch and other centers.

[252 ]

MISSIONARIES THROUGH COLORED GLASSES

As to the effect of the new agreement upon mis- ligious regulations of Turkey would apply to work sionary activity, there is not likely to be any im- among the Turks. The question which should disportant limitation of present liberties so long as a turb the Church is whether the Christian forces system of joint sponsorship prevails. Should the are going to be adequate to meet the opportunity district ultimately be absorbed by Turkey, the re- in this ancient stronghold of Christianity.

Missionaries Through Colored Glasses "Fighting Angel" and "The Exile" by Pearl Buck A Review by the REV. H. KERR TAYLOR, D.D., Nashville, Tenn.

Recently a Missionary in China under the Presoyterian Church, South I N "The Exile," Pearl Buck wrote an idealized guage, she really believes about God or prayer or picture of her mother, a remarkable record of the uniqueness of the character and claims of a life with a high purpose, the picture of a de- Jesus Christ – not to speak of the nature and voted missionary. One is conscious at times that reality of sin. At times we wonder where her the daughter is weaving into the picture her own sympathies are. sophistication; it is difficult to conceive of Mrs. Sydenstricker as a mere "exile." But the charm Those who knew her parents are convinced that and self-sacrifice of her character is beautifully Pearl Buck is pitifully disloyal to her father. If portrayed. she cannot agree with the purpose for which the missionaries of Christ give their lives, at least In striking contrast to this is the picture drawn she need not spread a perverted estimate of them. of the father in "The Fighting Angel." According That many missionaries have made mistakes and to the daughter his understanding sympathy and even sinned, they themselves would not deny. Still love for his children were conspicuous by their the ratio of failings which she describes to other absence; his mind was wholly on his work, so characteristics and achievements of magnificent that the mother is represented as forced to fend worth would be about one to ten thousand. To alone for the welfare of the children. Former one familiar with missionary life, her criticisms friends and associates of Dr. Absalom Syden- and strictures are often false and absurd. stricker, who is called "Andrew" in the book, would scarcely associate with his memory the At the same time her descriptions of missionstubborn, awkward, ruthlessly Teuton spirit that ary sacrifice, loneliness, hardships, courage and the daughter describes. They speak of him as an fortitude are vivid and true. Would that every intense individualist; but the reputation they speaker and writer on this theme had the descrippreserve for him is "that prince of itinerators." tive ability of Pearl Buck. Her descriptions are With prodigious labor through fifty years, he excellent of Chinese life, villages, dogs, gambling, preached the Gospel round about Sutsien and Su- the opening of Montgomery Ward boxes, and chowfu and Haichow and Tsing-Kiang-pu. It was some of the economic missionary problems. The his aim and accomplishment to build on no other account of the fateful days of the siege of Nanman's foundation. king in 1928 is accurate and thrilling.

It is well to remember that, for Pearl Buck, the In spite of all she says about her father one norm of what missionary work ought to be, in- cannot but – even through these pages – respect deed of religion itself, is that which lies in her the old man. He deserves a truer and better symown mind. She is not a missionary and now lives pathetic historian. His soul was not the petty on an estate in Pennsylvania, and in an apartment thing here described, nor was his environment. in New York. One gathers from this book that Missionary life is not an exile. It is not a duress. missionary service is not at all to her liking. To a true missionary it is a glad privilege, in spite of hardships. That is what the missionaries have It is difficult to understand just what, in spite been ceaselessly telling us; and from the looks of of her 17th century Biblical and theological lan- their faces we believe it.

Ways of

crested Methods for Increasing Interest at Home EDITED BY MR8. ESTELLA S. AITCHISON, GRANVILLE, OHIO ~'=I========================~I Shall We Use Projects'? pull with all its might. Christ from its promotional literature was a most concrete preacher give the following specifications: There can scarcely be ap.y and leader in actual endeavor. question as to the nece~sity for The adoption of a missionary or Magnify your world-a project ~or giving new~born emotIOn~ ~nd a share m a worker, his field or enlarged VIsion. Instead of seemg purposes aroused by mISSIOn some feature thereof will moti- India as a far-away country of remote study and programs an e~rly ac- vate a congregation far more interest the Y. P. W. F. Project will tivation as a conservatIOn and than pulpit eloquence or even reveal large groups of ea~est, at~n­ an outlet. But opinions differ as brilliant programs. tive young people learmng to h~e useful, satisfying lives, to take theIr to whether the unconcreted ap- Illustrations of this are the places in home, chu~ch and profespeal for "missions" or .the sp~­ familiar outflow of personal sional life. Japan WIll be sho~n !lot cific one for some defimte proJ- gratitude in Thanksgiving min- as a tiny island kingdom onsthng ect should be the ideal. Must istrations to the unfortunate; with armament but rather the locathe budget be concreted in order boxes, "barrels," special offer- tion of the Sei Gakuin boys' school in to awaken adequate response? ings, etc., in the a~mosphere of Tokyo. Africa will no longer appear One major denomination with Christmas; the clImaxmg of a as a huge continent filled with super- period of mission study in a stition, ignorance and disease, .but as which the writer is familiar class, department or an en~ire a great opportunity for spr~ad.mg the came out determinedly for the Sunday schOOl by preparmg Gospel of Christ and the prmcIples of generalized appeal and closed its packages of usable articles for Christian living through hundreds of African missionaries or Negro vdlage schools, meagerly equipped but budget channel to s p e c i f i c s. groups on the home field ~his attended by pupils intent on learning Whether this was a premature year; taking up. the collectIOns the teachings which will unlock for forward movement toward an in miniature AfrIcan call drums, them the storehouse of knowledge to ideal goal or a disregard of southern gourds or similar re- which the white man has access. And ceptacles, by a child in native so around the world ,the Project brings fundamentals in human psy- costume' making a model of a out in bold relief youth of all races chology is left an open quest,on; mission 'station, moulding pot- and countries beckoning to us for friendship and understanding, for a but the outcome was disastrous tery in clay, etc., etc. The vil- helping hand. . . . This is an effecand the national policy had to be lage schools of Africa .have fur- tive effort at building a new world materially modified. Is it not nished popular proJ ects for through the educational enterprises of young people in the past year's our brotherhood which have been set true that human responses are study, also looking up Afri~an or aside to be supported by young people. and always will be varied due to American Negro students m vaearly conditioning and that elu- riouscommunities and culti- More than 4,000 young people worksive thing we call temperament? vating their friendship. "Ex- Undoubtedly some people inte- changing experiences in your ing together can. do something…By grate and synthesize their early group or with other groups as to joining forces WIth other ChrIstIan missionary information and your adventures in o~her ra<;e youth an individual aJility can be friendship," is a practIcal proJ- magnified many times. Here's how to align their future activity with ect suggested in the Disciples of an abstract ideal. But this can- Christ literature for the current do it: . not be counted upon. Many year. By far the most ambiti?us others of equal worth must al- venture on a large scale of WhI<;h Select your project (a list of seven ways think and respond in terms the writer has recently heard IS is given, this list to be changed every two years so that groups may have of the concrete. Hence the de- The Young People's World opportunity for diversified end~avor). sirability of a specific project Friendship Project Discuss the proposed work WIth the carefully selected and persist- young people, the pasto: an~ the ad~lt launched l~st year by the United adviser. Secure matenals mcluded m ently renewed froIl.l t!me to tim.e. Christian Missionary Societ~ of a free packet to be had from .The Ministers often fall Just here m the Disciples church. BrIefs United Christian Missionary SOCIety, their pulpit presentations, think- 222 Downey Ave., Indianapolis, Ind. ing "a few missionary illustra- [254 ] Set your financial goal at $1.00 per share getting as many subscribers tions" in their routine sermons for shares as possible in the young are enough for them to qualify people's group. Make up your annual as missionary-minded pastors. goal bv September of each year oli The congregation needs some- the basis of the number of shares the thing tangible to lay hold of and group can support, sending :word re- garding the goal to the natlOnal or- ganization. Throughout the year at every meeting of the group mention the Project. Give information as to what is being done. Give special as- signments to groups for reports.

EFFECTIVE WAYS OF WORKING

Keep the interest alive by constantly 25 % of the membership are giv- electric lights under colored stressing the Project. The entire plan is an attempted answer to the ing anything for missionary be- paper, if in the house) indioft-repeated question of young people, "May we not have some piece of nevolences, thus almost crippling cating how the big logs under missionary work to consider our very own"? this next 1},nger at the bottom," the pot represent the mission- Other religious groups with etc., etc., until the total mutilated aries and Christians in the U. S. specific projeots worked out in conformity with age interests "hand" is held up as the symbol and the little black sticks the naand the down-to-date conditions of our changing world are urged of the working efficiency of the tive evangelists, the total fire beto send their plans to this Department for the purpose of church. If the application is to ing the effect of close coopera- "sharing" our best endeavors in the common Cause. be made individual in some such tion. Neither is sufficient alone.

Note the Department Editor's address at group as a young people's so- African Lights and Shadows: the top of page 254 to avoid the delay of forwarding from the New York office. ciety, cut out enough hands for A vivid story illustrated while Visualizations all present, and in the course of being told by shadow pictures on Akin to projects and doing the talk, have each member a large sheet. Full directions close teamwork therewith are the appeals to the eye. Don't "mutilate" his own symbol in given in leaflet of that name. skip over this ne~t portion, Friend Worker – among – Adults, accordance with his personal Upriver on the Oregon: A for regardless of maturity, Eyegate has never had a close com- record, and take the resulting travelogue along the African petitor as a popular route to Man-soul; and if the device is symbol home for prayerful con- river of that name, a river being adapted to the age interests of the group and made an auxiliary sideration. It will often press simultaneously traced in sand on means instead of the main objective, it will be found an effective home the truth as mere words a table or on a map, with palm attention riveter and memory fixer. Remember the example of and injunctions cannot do. trees, little huts, toy animals, the great Teacher among fields, lakes, lilies, fowls of the air, etc. The following visualizations boats and mission stations dot- Maps, pictures, pos,ters and unique uses of the church bulle- outlined in the packets of the ting the scene at intervals. tin board need only be mentioned. A good chalk talker is Disciples' literature mentioned In an African Setting: Coninvaluable. The device of the Crippled Hand may be made in our previous issue are well struction of an African villageconscience searching. Trace and cut out a life-sized outline of the worth thinking about: homemade or a Bradley Village human hand with fingers well apart. Write on each of the five White Gobblers: A s the Cut-out, with the meeting arfingers an objective in general speaker tells of the successive il- ranged as a palaver, the African congregational or group work legitimate seizures of African drum call given, the native as: Regular attendance at serv- territory by European nations, a greeting shown, etc. ices, systematic and proportional giving (for "current expenses" white paper gobbler (for which Meet Your Own Missionaries: and "for benevolences" on sep- pattern is furnished) bearing Costumed impersonations of arate digits if desired), daily the name of the nation concerned missionaries who tell their own prayer, mission study, and the printed across it is fastened in stories as taken from biographilike. If the congregation or the the appropriate place on the cal sketches furnished by the lesser group is to be considered large map of Africa, so that the publishing society. (These may as the unit, give a little talk on finished map will show plainly be obtained at almost all the deeach digital objective in turn, as, the location and number of for- nominational headquarters, by "In our membership of 375, the eign "gobblings." It is best to . applying to the literature secreaverage attendance at a worship have one person attend to the tary or clerk in the educational service is only about 125, so this mounting and a series of speak- department. ) first finger is two-thirds crippled ers present the subject matter, As stated last month, packets (bending it down in that pro- as, "Gobbler Britain" (eight including these items and much portion, on the device); only gobblers required); "Gobbler more available material usable Portugal" (three); "Gobbler in any denominational group France" (six), etc. While the may be had for 50 cents each.

territory in which the United A great variety of interde- States is interested in ~ mission- nominational devices on the ary way (the Congo) is under same principle as the foregoing the control of other nations, it is have been described in this De- well to prick our pride in not partment in previous months possessing a gobbler of our own and may be found in files of the by mention of incidents in our Magazine such as most public past history where we have libraries have. It is the earnest played the part ourselves. desire of the Editor to list and God's Torchbearer's – a com- cite prices for usable material bination.of visualization and im- among all denominations, bear- personation, in that a series of ing on the new study topics, if speakers representing different sent as early as possible for African natives come forward June, July, September and Oc- at the summons of the leader. tober numbers. African and each carrying a little black stick Negro stereopticon and moving which the leader places under a pictures proved invaluable vis- pot hung above a camp fire (real ualizations in schools of missions if outdoors but simulated with as well as regular church wor-

ship services, in the past year. sential to its universal mission. And cluding some material for young There will be a list of such pic- only as they retain that vision are tures bearing upon "Rural Life" they likely to resist absorption into people and the little folks. In the setting of what is designated and "The Moslem World" for new political faiths built around race, as a renewed interest in tithing, class and nation. your selection at an early date. The rentals are nominal; and Weare encouraged by the in- "Helps for the Stewardship projectors may be found now- terdenominational response to Chairman" says: adays in almost all communities. plans set forth in this Depart- ment to believe that THE REVIEW First and most important of all, let us get this truth firmly fixed in our Fresh Missionary Ammunition is having no small part in culti- minds: Tithing is nota scheme for vating the atmosphere for the raising money. . . . God is after Each month the Department growth of this world Christian hearts. Tithes and offerings consti- Editor's mail bag brings fresh consciousness. To that end send tute the age-old plan of the heavenly encouragement to believe that in your best plans for mission- Father (1) to save men's souls from the "ways of working" featured ary education in all departments the deadly sin of covetousness; (2) to in THE REVIEW are proving of church activity, particularly teach His redeemed children to put most acceptable and are widely His Kingdom first; (3) to allow them appropriated. Innumerable pJeas among the children and young thus to have a part in the extending for more information regarding people who are our hope for a of His Kingdom, thereby glorifying plans thus passed along from new world order. God and obtaining "treasures in our contributors are received, heaven." also requests for activating lit- Children's Special Pac k e t: erature-and this regardless of A play, "The 'Prove Me' denominational imp r i n t s on The Editor has recently received Plan," is included with the dileaflets and programs. This is from the United Christian Mis- versified literature, some of as it should be in an era when sionary Society, Missions Build- which is especially adapted for strenuous efforts are being made ing, Indianapolis, Indiana, a use in devotional services in the to increase the consciousness of large package of missionary ma- women's society. Write the Litthe Church as a world Christian terial for use with junior groups erature Department of the Womcommunity, not a series of sep- en's Missionary Union as menarate sectarian plots in which bearing upon the current theme tioned above for list of leaflets Baptists, Presbyterians, Meth- of Africa, their period for such and prices separately or as a odists, etc., are cultivating their study being April-October of this whole. own particular doctrinal speci- year. It is admirably adapted mens. for use among children of that Bermuda, Coral Isle of the age interest. It includes intro- Atlantic: This is the title of a In a report on the state of the ductory explanatory material, a new silent, 16 mm. motion pic- Church at the biennial meeting map of course, good picture ture film, complete in three reels, of the Federal C 0 u n c i I of loaned free of charge by the Na- Churches of Christ in America, sheets, stories, suggestions for tional Motion Picture Service, last December 9-11, these words creative activity, fascinating 723 Seventh Ave., New York. were spoken: details for making an African Write direct to the company. village, plans for making a wall frieze, an African picture book, A Seventieth Anniversary Cel- native canoes from hollowed-out ebration: The Methodists are wood, moving pictures of Af- "going places" just now. Among By every means in our power the rican scenes, posters, a very other things, their Women's Forvision of the Church as a world Christian community mu~t be made elaborate African party, games eign Mission Society has in- African children delight in, augurated a campaign for three luminous if our devotion to it is strengthened. The practical need of imaginary tours through mis- years leading up to the celebra- this emphasis is acute. Such an em- sion stations, guessing games, tion of their seventieth anniverphasis will put the enterprise of foreign missions in its proper and per- camp fires, real African refresh- sary, with a different emphasis manent setting. And it is entirely ments, etc. While some of the for each year. This campaign possible that our people will give of material describes conditions at is bound to yield much that is of their substance. to a cooperative world definite stations maintained by universal interest and usefulness Christianity in· a measure even ex- the Christian Missionary So- among sis t e r denominations, ceeding their gifts to the pioneering ciety, even that is of a typical, particularly during its first year missionary efforts of the past. . . . What is needed today is the actual general character, and the large whose main emphasis is to be growth of fellowship. This seems to bulk of material might be used upon a "teaching mission." The us the central guiding principle of the Christian conscience in thes'O! times. equally well in any evangelical words "seven" and "seventy" group anywhere. The stories are to be played upon in the va- Wherever the barriers of economic, racial and nationalistic differences are particularly good. This gen- rious features-each district to impede the growth of fellowship. there erous-sized packet sells for 25 secure seven new organizations the Christian conscience demands that these barriers and not fellowship cents and is well worth its price. for their seven-point star; auxshould give way. . . . Only as our Tithing Material:' From the iliaries to be divided into groups members catch the vision of the Women's Missionary Union of of seven for prayer circles; sev- Church as a World Christian Com- the Southern Baptist Church, enty intercessors throughout the munity are we likely to find solutions to these problems (the relations of 1111 Comer Building, Birming- country, etc. Fuller details and Church and State) which will pre- ham, Ala., comes a flood of new suggestions are in hand and will serve for the Church the freedom es- leaflets to promote tithing, in- be featured next month. The Council of Women for Home Missions EDITH E. LOWRY, EXECUTIVE SECRETARY, 105 EAST TWENTY-SECOND STREET, NEW YORK ~,~,~~~~~~~~~~~~~~==I~~ INDIAN MOTHERS We thank thee, our heav- enly Father, for the mothers who freely offered themselves that we might live.

We think of their love and their loyalty, their gentleness and their strength, their kind- ness and care, their sacrifice and patience.

Help us, 0 God, to honor them by our thoughts, by our words, by our actions, by our appreciation and by our grati- tude. Help us so to learn and grow and live that we may be- come the fulfilling of our mothers' desires and prayers for us.

May we be kind to them as they have been kind to us; may we help them as they have helped us, remembering that He who died for us upon the Cross in that last hour was mindful of His mother.

"All mothers are rich when they love MOTHER AND A MODERN INDIAN MOTHER their children. DAUGHTER hard. "Your mother said, 'she There are no poor mothers, no ugly Yannabah slowed her pony to cannot go. Tonight there will ones, no old ones. a walk. The desert air was good be a "sing" for her.' " after five years at the govern- Their love is always the most beau- ment school. A few weeks were Yannabah knew w hat it tiful of the joys." hers, weeks of vacation from meant-the sing, the dance, the school, from routine, from strict men sitting in a circle around MAURICE MAETElRLINCK. discipline. She would be happy her to look her over, finally one in her old home. of them taking her to his "ho- A PRAYER gan" to live. There would be no Someone was coming up the more chance for school. For a We bless thee for the great main road. She knew it was an moment she hid her face. Then and precious ideal of mother- Indian by his bare head and the she lifted her head proudly. hood. swift stride of his moccasined feet. "Tell the trader's wife to look We praise thee for the present for me by the time the moon is joy and the lasting influence of "Hocko, shahte," the voice of up," she said. The boy sped all good mothers. her cousin greeted her. down the trail into the desert.

We think of the noble women "The trader's child is ill," he "Yannabah rode slowly along all over the world and in all said eagerly. He knew that at the trail to her own hogan, all times who have prayed God to school she had had hospital the joy gone from her heart. bless them with children, and training. The old mother sat on the then have prayed him to bless ground near the fire. Once their children. "I will go," she said, with a Yannabah lifted her head and feeling of exultation.

"No," said the boy, his voice [257 ] looked long into her mother's or whether such practices are CONFERENCE ON LIFE eyes, but soon both turned away departures from the earlier cus- AND WORK, OXFORD, troubled. Should she stay with toms and are a lowering of tribal the old woman who loved her standards, so bringing degen- ENGLAND Church, State and Society though she said so little about eracy.

it? If she went away per- "Are the old men and women Following a dozen years after haps it would mean that she who tell the young people that the original Conference on could never return to her moth- 'Blanket Marriages' are a cus- Christian Life and Work at er's hogan. But she could go tom of the tribe, willing to make Stockholm in 1925, there will back to the towns and schools the efforts their forefathers meet at Oxford, July 12 to 26, and have a chance at the hospital made to see that such marriages a second world conference of the training she had dreamed of. are not just temporary arrange- same general nature under the Perhaps some day she could ments? Are the older people auspices of the Universal Chrisserve her own people in a hos- making the old efforts to see tian Council. pital on the desert. that such marriages are made in good faith and kept pure or is it Among the 825 persons who Yannabah decided to leave but a matter of complete unconcern will go to Oxford the number of knew if she were to go it must to any and all of the older mem- women thus far appointed from be quickly.. She turned, gave a bers of the tribe whether or not America is thirteen. Among last look across the fire to the the young folk so marrying in- them are: Miss Eliza H. Kenbent old woman at her task, and tend to remain faithful, protect- drick of Wellesley College, Mrs. was gone. The old woman heard ing their mates from the evils of H. H. Pierce of New York City, her go but did not stop her. adultery, or desertion and neg- Mrs. Harper Sibley of Washing- Perhaps she had a moment of lect? ton, Mrs. Fred S. Bennett of the true understanding for her girl Council of Women for Home who had been learning better "The essence of valid mar- Missions, Miss Anna V. Rice of ways. riage is the free consent before the Y. W. C. A., and Mrs. Harrie witnesses of parties who are R. Chamberlin of Toledo, Ohio. Misunderstood and misunder- competent and free to marry to Other prominent women constanding – Yannabah so typical live permanently together as nected with American church of Indian youth of today, stands man and wife to the exclusion of life have been invited but have midway between the old customs all others on either side. This found it impossible to accept. of her parents and the new civ- much is required in all civilized ilization of the white man and communities today. Studies in preparation for the yet belongs to neither. Conference are engaging the at- "In Christian marriage a man tention of leading individuals in . Excerpts from a story by Dorothy Cate, and woman are joined together significant groups in many parts III the Woman's Press Magazine. in Christ. The marriage be- of the world. The following are comes as much a part of the particularly recommended: (1) THE STUDENT WELFARE spiritual life and development Christ's Way and the World's- COMMITTEE OFFERS as baptism, confirmation and In Church, State, and Society, ATHOUGHT* partaking of Holy Communion. by Henry Smith Leiper; pre- senting crucial issues and how The Student Welfare Com- "The young Indian, returning the churches are seeking to meet mittee of Flandreau Indian to the reservation, can make of them in our contemporary School, Flandreau, South Da- marriage a mockery. He may world; 144 pages; paper cover kota, has been thinking most give up all idea of establishing 65 cents, cloth 90 cents. (2) seriously about elementary so- a home and enjoying the com- Church and State on the Eurocial obligations of young Indian panionshp of a woman who re- pean Continent, by Adolf Keller. women and men. They offer spects him and whom he re- (3) Christian Faith in the Modthe following ideas, set down by spects. He may use for his own ern State, by Nils Ehrenstrom. Miss Bernice Cartwright, the selfish lusts the freedom custom The author is a brilliant Swedish interdenominational Director of has given him on some of the scholar. Probable price, $1.50. Religious Education, stationed reservations. But he will not be at the school under the Joint contributing to the growth of The United Youth Movement Indian Committee of the Home ideals nor to an advancement of has taken the responsibility for Missions Councils. the Indian people. On the other sending eight youth delegates to' hand he can look seriously at the the Oxford Conference. "One of the difficulties young problem, the obligation entered Indian people face when they re- turn from schools to the reser- into, with an idea of establishing A special radio program in vation, is to know whether or a home, caring for his family by England has brought the subject not certain practices at home are protecting them from neglect matter of the Conference to the really part of earlier customs and disease and taking part in attention of the listening public which kept a race clean and fine, the life of the community. And and a somewhat similar series he must choose a woman whose has been promised in the United * From the News Bulletin issued by the .ideals and standards are as high States by the National Broadstudents at Flandreau U. S. Indian School, Flandreau, South Dakota. as his own. casting Company.

Hopeful Ohanges to twenty pupils, was invited

address the students. He com- Incorporation of the Ohurch A writer in the C. M. S. Out- mented favorably upon their zeal look sends encouraging news to gain knowledge of Confucius, The Church of Christ in China from Fukien that is in contrast who has the respect of the whole is. negotiating with the National with familiar stories of ban- thinking world, but did not fail Government with a view to hav- ditry, famine, and warfare: to tell them how infinitely more ing the Assembly's constituent Communication is being im- satisfying Christ is than Consynods and churches registered proved through the opening of fucius. with the Government. Registra- motor roads and there is marked tion is the equivalent to "incor- progress in popular education, The Chinese teacher said: poration" in America. Until it opium suppression and good "You are forgetting that Conis registered, the church cannot government. Steps are being fucius is our chief philosopher become a property holding body. taken to turn erstwhile bandits and leader of thought in China, The Government has recently into law-abiding citizens, and and meets every condition of passed regulations governing the also to remove the cause of the our life most satisfactorily." registration of all kinds of or- trouble, i. e., the economic disaganizations ranging from wom- bilities of the farming popula- The missionary suggested that en's clubs and labor unions to tion. Thus, some of the greatest on the morrow they submit the chambers of commerce and hindrances to the Gospel are be- t€!achings of both to a test, and churches. Naturally, regula- ing removed. this was done at the city gates, tions sufficiently comprehensive where many lepers gathered to cover such a diversity of or- Hopeful open-mindedness is daily. Whichever presentation ganizations include provisions observed among educated peo- should bring the greatest satiswhich make it exceedingly diffi- ple, radical theories are becom- faction to the lepers, should win. cult for the church to accept. ing discredited and moral char- The missionary read passages However, the present national acter is coming to be desired expressing the sympathy and Government is ex c e e din g I y more than eloquence. There is companionship of Christ with friendly to the Christian move- an increasing measure of co- the unfortunate sufferers. ment and it is expected that such operation a m 0 n g Christian difficulties will be overcome. forces, and new power has come "Of course," said the Chinese into the lives of Christian work- teacher, "Confucius said nothing -Presbyterian Banner. ers. Teachers are learning the of the lepers and so I cannot secret of leading their pupils one match what Jesus says with any Famine in Szechwan by one to God in Christ. Med- saying of Confucius." The lepers ical workers are exhibiting new made the decision for Christ. In the New York Times of patience and winsomeness in March 21, Szechwan, China's their relations with the sick. -Outlook for Missiom. most populous province, is re- Pastors are learning to be true ported to be in the worst drouth shepherds to their flock, and are New Bible Society Branch in 25 years. Large portions of finding the way to bring back the province have had no rain wanderers to the fold. Ordinary Christians of Chefoo have refor a year. Streams have dried church members are feeling the cently organized a new branch up and even the mighty Yangtse urge to pass on the blessing they of the China Bible Society. At River has been reduced to a have received, rather than leave the opening meeting of this trickle. Over 200 deaths are re- the evangelistic work to paid Chefoo branch, it was explained ported daily from starvation in agents of the Church. Every- that the purpose of the China Chungking and its suburbs. Re- where, a new harmony, a deeper Bible Society is not to break lief workers have been prac- spirit of fellowship, is being en- away from the three foreign tically helpless to cope with the gendered. Bible Societies w 0 r kin g in situation. China, but to work in coopera- Oonfucius or Ohrist? tion with them. It was pointed There is enough rice and other out that Chinese Christians food in the province, and they A Christian traveler who vis- should realize their responsibilsay that there would be no ited a school in China, where ity in helping with the distribufamine if there were organiza- Confucianism was being taught tion of God's Word and the Gostion for distribution. Thus far pel message; and should emphathe government has done noth- [259 ] size more the reading of the ing about this problem. Bible. A fine spirit of unity and

enthusiasm was apparent among JAPAN-CHOSEN of the world, and at the end of Christian leaders. that time cannot give any idea Coordination of Christian of what it is all about." The future control and leader- Forces ship of this newly-formed body -Monday Morning. will be under an executive com- The disbanding of the Federamittee of eleven m e m b e r s, tion of Christian Missions as a Twenty-Four-Hour a Day chosen to represent the different delegated mission body, and the Church churches and Christian organ- turning over of its administraizations in Chefoo. tive functions to the National S. Sodeyama, after a period of Christian Council brings the study in America, held a seven- -Chinese Recorder. missionary body definitely with- year pastorate in Nagasaki, in the Council's constituency where he became convinced that Practical Christianity . . . makes the council the all- preaching alone was an inade- inclusive clearing house for the quate expression of the Gospel, Mr. A. J. Dieffenbacher, tem- Christian movement rin the em- so he and his wife moved to porarily stationed at Kanhsien, pire … places (in the council) Tanaka, a section of Kyoto made Kiangsi, sings praises of a Bible the responsibility and task of up of Korean workers, "waterwoman who is never too busy to correlating the work of missions level" outcasts, garbage and rag teach the Gospel. "She has, of and missionaries so that they collectors, beggars and the poorcourse, to take time for cooking, will increasingly become an in- est of Japanese laborers living washing and sewing, but why tegral part of the indigenous under unbelievable conditions; should this hinder her in work- Christian movement and be one of seven such communities ing for the Lord at the same given a worth while sphere of of Kyoto, and in only two are time ? Wash day is an ideal time action within the frame work of Christian churches. Here Mr. to teach Mrs. C- how to sing, the Japanese Church. Sodeyama began holding servfor the rubbing up and down on ices in his small home, and when the washboard is an excellent Another piece of coordination no one came he preached in the method for keeping time. Here is the formation of a conference streets. Gradually his memberis the picture. of publishers of Christian books ship has grown to 60 members. and publications, for the sake of To support his various enter- "The Bible-woman is at the closer cooperation to provide the prises, he purchased a small cart well doing her washing. Mrs. nation with a greater variety and began collecting waste paper C- is sitting on a stone opposite and beHer type of Chri'stian lit- and rags. Interested persons her. Today the chorus is, 'Jesus, erature. -Christian Century. became regular contributors, so the Saviour, save me.' The that he now has ten supporting Bible-woman sings a line, and He Had No Idea patrons many of whom are nonthen Mrs. C- repeats it. This Christians. is kept up until Mrs. C- has Two boys, both graduates of a learned the chorus by heart. Christian school, were applying His proteges include the blind, for a position. One was a Chris- the lame, the old, the poor and "Sewing day is the day for tian, one was not, and the rail- the lonesome. If hungry, they further instruction in the Word. road official who was interview- are fed. The homeless are taken There is some ripping as well as ing them was not a Christian. in and the jobless given work to sewing to be done, so Mrs. C- Technically, the non~Christian do. Few Westerners would like takes one end of the garment young man was somewhat better the accommodations, but it is and does the ripping, :while the prepared than the Christian. better than the under side of a Bible-woman sews the other end. The official finally asked them bridge. Pastor Sodeyama's vis- All the time the Bible-woman is both to tell him what they had its are the few rays of light that telling this young Christian more learned through their experi- pierce the inner darkness, for he about the riches that are her's ence in a Christian school that brings hope in his sermons, in Christ Jesus." would not have been the case if recreation in magazines, enter- they had gone to another kind of tainment at special seasons, -China's Millions. school. The non…Christian could medical attention, assistance in think of very little, but the entering the larger hospitals, Lifted and Lightened Faces Christian gave a very definite and even pocket money. statement of the benefits of his At a meeting in Mienchu, an faith. He was chosen for the -Presbyterian Tribune.· official who was won to Christ position. "It is not because you last year gave a testimony that are either Christian or non- Devil Possession in Korea illustrates the fact that trans- Christian," said the official. "It formed lives are reflected in is because I cannot think very Miss Louise B. Hayes gives a faces. At the close he said that highly of the intelligence of a remarkable ins tan c e of the if any non-Christian were to young man who, for five years, ,transforming power of God's have a photograph taken of him- has been associated with follow- Spirit. self, and afterwards truly repent ers of one of the great religions and believe in· Christ, and six "In a little village up in the months later have an 0 the r hills lived a young man, uneduphotograph taken, he could not cated and ignorant, who had help but notice the difference.

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

fallen into all the vices known to mosa. During three weeks thou- he reads the Scripture lesson. Korean youth, a disgrace and sands of lukewarm Christians A prayer followed by five of the menace to the whole district. As renewed their allegiance to older girls, with responses by a result, he became a maniac, so Christ, long-prayed-for relatives the children. Then a hymn, fierce and wild that he had to be and friends were converted, and after which some fifty children, kept tied. A group of new Chris- multitudes asked for prayer. In from five to fifteen, rose in turn tians in a neighboring village North Formosa 151 preaching to give short bits of Bible hisheard of this madman, and de- bands were formed with three tory, which carried those who termined to pray for his recov- or more members each. When could understand it from the beery. The young man was he sailed back to China hundreds ginning of the Bible through its brought, bound, to the churc"h, went by train to see him embark, entire length. Some of these and the more earnest Christians and some, taking small boats, were dramatic in form, others met to pray. As they prayed, followed the steamer out to sea, musical, hymns were sung at the young man mocked them, an unprecedented demonstration various points, but the entire muttering, 'Blah, blah, blah,' but of affection. -So S. Times. program went along smoothly. they continued. S 0 met i m e s Now an older boy stepped again when the name of Jesus was Cebu Field, P. I. into the reading space, and read mentioneti he would curse and a short sermon in Samoan, then try to attack t"hem. They prayed On Cebu Island last year 242 in English, taking his text from on, in faith, and at last, he was were received into the churches Job 5: 17, 'Happy is the man cured. on profession of faith, and whom God correcteth: therefore eleven places have been opened despise not thou the chastening "Two months later I held a to the Gospel. This does not of the Almighty.' In this he reclass in this new church. The mean places where occasional ferred to the hurricane of last young man was at every session; visits are made, but places January, followed by severe food ~uiet and dignified, taking part where regular services have shortage, and by an epidemic of in the services, or quietly read- been established and a group of whooping-cough, w h i c h has ing his Bible. Apparently his baptized believers are carrying taken the lives of many. mind is sound and clear; he on by themselves. Four ten-day talks rationally, and thanks God Christian workers' institutes "As I watched the happy, infor his recovery. Wherever he have been conducted, with an telligent faces of the youngsters goes, he carries Bible and hymn average attendance of 69 stu- grouped in front of me, dressed book with him, and often he is dents. We believe that much of as would be American children singing a hymn. He is a living the advance has been a direct on such a day in spotlessly clean testimony that none can fail to result of the new spiritual life clothing, and showing evidence see, and because of him others received from these times of of careful attention to ears and are being brought to the Lord." study and fellowship. Two of necks, I couldn't help contrast- the girls who attended from ing this with conditions in these -Pyengyang News. Ronna returned with the mes- islands just one hundred years sage, "Today is the day of sal- ago." -Presbyterian Tribune. Secret of Growth vation." They went from house to house and from relative to School for Javanese Teachers .It is not easy to become, or re- relative, insisting upon the main, a church member in good claims of the Gospel message. Plans have taken shape to standing in Korea. Personal be- As a result of their efforts seven open a new training school in havior is carefully supervised by new members have been won Solo for teachers in Middle Java. church authorities. Discipline during the past few months. It The Government grants this is strict. Financial responsibili- is planned to follow up with school no subsidy at present. It ties are definite. Yet with all similar institutes in ea.:!h dis- is therefore quite free and may this, the growth is remarkable. trict. be set up where it is thought to The Mission and the Korean be most wanted. The idea is to Christians credit this to two -Philippine Presbyterian. establish it so that the training things: constant and systematic given there is entirely suited to Bible study, in classes, insti- Samoan Sunday the needs of the native populatutes, church services l>.nd pri- tion, and not after a Western vate reading; and, secondly, to Thomas L. Kirkpatrick, chap- model. Thirty-five applicants definite evangelistic effort on the lain of the U. S. naval base at are being sent from various dispart of individual Christians. Tutuila, Samoa, furnishes an tricts to the school, so that antidote to the usual type of proper classes can be formed. ISLANDS OF THE PACIFIC South Sea stories. It is an ac- The school will also train pupils count of a morning service in a from other missions. The open- New Life in Formosa village church. ing of this work is considered one of the most important proj- Dr. John Sung, who left a "There was a short 'sermon' ects of the Reformed Church for career in pure science to take up by one of the older boys, who 1937.-Holland News Bureau. evangelism in China, has been stepped into the railed enclosur~ preaching in the island of For- where the faifeau stands when

NORTH AMERICA It is hoped that in each city quite 200,000. New York's an- where a preaching mission has nual crime bill is $605,000,000 Seeking Church Federation been held, or will be held during while the total city budget is this year it will be followed by a $539,000,000. Unemployment re- At an interdenominational "School in Christian Living"; lief absorbs $25,687,776 per anconference, held at Salt Lake num. There are seventeen City in February, it was agreed and that this will be followed by square miles of slums, 245 miles to consult with the Home Mis- projects for building together of tenements fronting streets, sions Council and Federal Coun- the Christian community, local 250,000 windowless rooms, and cil of Churches on federating all and world-wide. The three em- 309,157 apartments wit ho u t denominations at work in the phases – on evangelism, on bath facilities. Other facts are intermountain area; and to equally distressing. create a permanent, interdenom- teaching and on action-are thus inational conference for this woven into a single pattern. American Buddhists area. This move grew out of conviction that the evangelical -Federal Council Bulletin. There are today 100 Buddhist enterprise requires extension temples in the United States. and strengthening; that no room Department Store Gives The largest, in San Francisco, exists for interfaith controversy, Bible Lectures was recently the scene of the but that there is every opportu- 40th annual Buddhist convention nity for positive, love-character- Lectures on the Bible offered in the United States. ized gospel proclamation. by a department store turned out The Japanese Buddhists claim There was full discussion of 50,000 Japanese and 2,000 white four main themes: (1) the na- to be its most popular feature. American members, of whom 50 ture of the area, status of the are priests. Plans are afoot for evangelical enterprise; (2) min- The Higbee Co., of Cleveland, the erection of the first Budistry to yuuth; (3) missionary dhist temple in New York and extension; ministry to scattered which has for years maintained another in Philadelphia. groups; (4) interdenominational cooperation and the future. a series of lectures in connection An Oriental's Memorial Participants included Board representatives of several denom- with its book store, four years The Japanese Church of Corinations, pastors, teachers, mis- tez, California, gave $55 per sionaries, community workers ago started lectures on the Bible capita last year as compared from Arizona, Idaho, Montana, with about a $16 per capita Utah and Wyoming. and related subjects given by average of Presbyterian church members as a whole. -Monday Morning. Miss Harriet Louise H. Patter- Dr. Philip Payne, Presby- Conserving the Preaching son. So popular did they become terian Executive Secretary of Mission Oriental Missions in San Fran- that they have been continued cisco, tells a story of the sacri- As a means of relating the Na- fice made by one Chinese pastor tional Preaching Mission to sub- ever since. -Advance. in California. Last fall the wife sequent work, a movement com- of the Rev. Yick Soo Lee was bining their several approaches The City's Ohallenge killed by a drunken automoqilist. to the local community has been The insurance company settled I a u n c h e d under the name, The Greater New York Fed- for cash without going to court. "United Christian Advance." eration of Churches, in prepara- When some one suggested to Mr. Building upon the new spiritual tion for "Community Sunday" Lee, who receives no pastor's interest stirred by the Preach- on January 31, assembled a stag- salary, that that money would ing Mission, the United Chris- gering array of facts and figures ease his financial stress, he antian Advance undertakes to relative to conditions of popula- swered, "But we shall not use carry forward an educational tion, housing, race relations, de- the money for ourselves. Mrs. program which will conserve the linquency and crime, public Lee would want the work of tellvalues of the Preaching Mission. health and the like. ing the story of Jesus to go on Cooperating in the movement just the same as if she were are the Federal Council of The area included in the sur- here. We will build a church Churches, the International vey is 299 square miles. On that with the money in the little vil- Council of Religious Education, ground there are living almost lage back in China where' she the Home Missions Council, the 7,000,000 people. Religiously was born, and all the people Council of Women for Home there are 2,556,595 Protestants, there will love her for telling Missions, the National Council 2,365,247 Rom a n Catholics, them of the Saviour." of Federated Church Women, 1,875,545 Jews, 115,544 Eastern the Missionary Education Move- Orthodox adherents. There are Mr. Lee sailed for China last ment and the Foreign Missions 2,387,868 persons under twenty fall to build the memorial Conference of North America. years of age. In thirty years church. the Negro population has in- creased from 67,304 to 343,221; New York is the greatest Jewish center in the world; fully 70 % of the popUlation are entirely out of touch with any church _and about the same proportion of children is unreached by any definite reI i g i 0 u s education. There are 1,074 churches of fif- teen denominations that report a membership of 454,045 and a Sunday school enrolment of not

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

New Frontier in Canada cautiously because of political tional leadership as well as illit- opposition in many Mexican eracy. There are venerable For over five years Saskatche- states. "Mammies" who r e c e i v e a wan has witnessed a shifting of monthly dole, and prominent population that has been of deep Mexico Fights Alcohol business men, teachers, lawyers, significance to the churches. doctors. There are English, Due to drought conditions in the The Mexican Government is Scotch, Canadian, Portuguese, south a steady northward trek interested in questions involved Chinese, East Indian (100,000 of settlers has taken place. in the strong drink traffic. Pub- in Port of Spain), Spanish, and These farmers have taken up lic meetings are being held to every shade of Negro. From the homesteads in the bushlands of find out the attitude of the gen- first, this church has expressed the north. More than 40,000 eml public. At one meeting re- itself in m iss ion a r y work people have moved into this cently a member of the Cabinet throughout the Island. "Land of Beginning Again." presided and every branch of the federal government was rep- -Watchman-Examner. The trek has f ace d the resented. There were present churches with the problem of sixty~three chairmen of state Progress in Venezuela extension in a new frontier area and district antialcohol commitat a time when funds for exten- tees who came from every part The annals of missions in sion work are seriously cur- of the Republic. Another anti- . Venezuela are "short and simtailed. For a while it seemed as alcohol convention will be held ple," yet they record a great if they could not cope with it. a year from now in Mexico City deal of consecrated activity in "God hasn't crossed the Beaver and representatives of all the behalf of this needy land. In- River yet" became a current say- powerful labor organizations of tensive evangelistic work has ing in the north. the country are expected to be been carried on in the city of present to state their point of Caracas and its environs, and The United Church of Canada view. -Watchman-Examiner. evangelists, traveling by mulehas met the challenge by send- train, have taken the Gospel ing a newly-ordained missionary Centenary at Sa~na message into the far interior of who has changed the saying to the Republic. Under the present "God has crossed the Beaver The story of the Samana government there is complete re- River." Working in coopera- Church in the Dominican Re- ligious liberty in Venezuela; tion with the Church of Eng- public is interesting. In 1835 a missionaries are making the land, he is claiming Saskatche- group of Pennsylvania Chris- most of this. The Presbyterian wan's newest frontier. '. tians bought the freedom of Girls' School in Caracas has en- some slaves and helped them to rolled daughters of the most in- -Christian Century. embark to a peninsula on the fluential families of the country, northeastern coast of the Domin- all of whom are thus brought LATIN AMERICA ican Republic. The place where under Christian instruction and they landed came to be known the influence of Christian teach- Cardenas Denies Hostility as Samana. A missionary of the ers in the building of character. Wesleyan Methodist Church to In his first pronouncement on the British West Indies learned Renewed effort is being made the Church-State question in of this English-speaking Negro to circulate Christian literature more than a year, President colony, visited it, and finally lo- throughout the country; and a Cardenas declared in March cated in the peninsula. During spirit of comity marks the relathat "Mexican Catholics have the century 11 churches have tions of workers of all groups. complete lib e r t y to go to been established, for the most church." Asserting that "the part supported by descendants EUROPE government was not hostile to of the original colony., Within the Church," he added that the past year the Wesleyan The Religious Issue Church and State relations were Board has transferred this work better than for a long time be- to the Board for Christian Work Throughout central Europe a cause the "priests have recog- in Santo Domingo. bitter struggle is raging between nized the uselessness of mixing Cat hoI i c and anti – Catholic in politics." Baptists in Trinidad forces. It has reached its peak in Germany, is the chief issue in President Cardenas has said Baptist activities were estab- Austria, and is one of the most that the Mexican Church prob- lished on the Island of Trinidad vital questions in Hungary. It lem must be relegated to the by the Missionary Society of is an element of the war in background, and that the only London nearly one hundred Spain. In some places the Cathsure method of doing this is to years ago.. This is the only Bap- olic Church is on the defensive; permit the opening of churches. tist church in the world receiv- in others it is attacking. In Ger- At the same time the President ing state support. The audiences many, for example, it is being is reported as opposed to relax- are largely colored, but contain pushed to the waIl. In Austria, ing any of the restrictions taken wealth as well as need, educa- it is on the offen~ive. In Hunto prevent the Church from exer- gary the fight is different, for it cising influence in Mexican polit- is between two churches, the ical life. He has had to move

Catholic and Protestant. In cording to the report, the income sou r c e s: In 1935, 14,000 Yugoslavia it is between two is actually smaller than it ap- churches were closed. Between churches: the Catholic on one pears, because as a result of the 1917 and 1935, 42,800 clergyside, Eastern Orthodox on the economic conditions, the income men die d in concentration other. of 1935 did not reach as far as camps. Of the 35,000 priests the same income did in 1930. before the revolution only one- The geographical line divid- The figures indicate the faithful- fifth remain. On February 9, ing the two churches runs across ness of the missionaries and na- 1936, the tenth anniversary of Europe from south to north, and tive workers who have carried the League of Militant Godless passes through Yugoslavia, di- on faithfully in spite of great was celebrated. The president viding the land into two almost personal sacrifices. reported that half of the populaequal parts. Religiously, half of tion of Russia is now atheist, but the country looks west and be- "In the Faith of Hitler" bemoaned the fact that 50 per longs to Europe; the other half cent of the Russian youth still looks east, and belongs to the Last March it became a cus- clung to the Christian faith, and Orient. This line corresponds tom in Germany in newspaper most of them persist in religious very nearly to a racial and death notices to say that the de- practices. The draft of the new political division, making the ceased "died in the faith of Constitution gives freedom both struggle a three-sided one. Adolph Hitler." Dr. Alfred to religious and antireligious Rosenberg, editor of Volkischer propaganda. In 1925, 42 Roman -The Christian Century. Beobachter, personal news or- Catholic churches were open and gan of Adolf Hitler, is also 40 priests were at liberty. To- German Missions quoted as having addressed him- day there are none. In the whole self to Germans who believe that vast territory of Russia there The Yearbook of the United Adolf Hitler is the Son of God, were then 300 priests; today German Mission Conference for but are scoffed at by some of there are 15. Under the system 1937 releases the latest figures their friends, in these words: of collectivization 90 per cent of concerning the German Evan- "We need a Son of God. . . . To- the farms have been taken from gelical Mission work as of the day there stands among us one the owners. In 1914 the Luend of 1935. The total number who has been specially blessed theran Church had 230 pastors, of European missionaries of the by the Creator. No one has the 200 congregations and 800 societies represented in the right to find fault with those of churches. They have now been United Conference is 1,561, with our people who have found their reduced to three churches. 12,093 native workers. There Son of God and have thus reare 1,307,788 native Christians gained their Eternal Father." AFRICA and 67,000 candidates for baptism in the care of all these so- -Alliance Weekly. Evangelists for Egypt cieties. They conduct 4,424 elementary schools and 138 high crews Seek to Conform Twenty young men, of whom schools in which there is a total 15 were Copts, have been attendof 255,819 pupils. These so- It is reported that two hun- ing fortnightly classes in Cairo cieties operate thirty-five hospi- dred prominent Rumanian Jews for voluntary evangelists. Sevtals in which thirty-six Euro- have offered to become converted eral of these young men assist pean and six native doctors are to the Greek Orthodox faith to in conducting the evangelistic employed. The combined re- "identify themselves completely meetings which are held each ceipts from Germany in the year with the Rumanian nation." week either in private houses or 1935 amounted to 5,260,707 Rumanian church officials intend in small mission rooms in some marks. If these figures are com- to start an intensive campaign twenty centers in the suburbs of pared with the figures of 1930, for mass conversion of Jews, and Cairo or near-by villages. it is shown that there has been are ready to appoint special misan increase in the number of sionaries for this purpose. They These training classes aim were also quoted as having of- especially at preparation for missionaries of 14 %; in the fered to build an imposing Greek winning Moslems. It is pointed Orthodox church for converted out that a successful evangelist, number of native-born workers, Jews, and as having asked that whether foreign or Egyptian, of 26.30/0; and in the number of the Patriarch appoint a baptized requires to have an intimate Jew as priest. knowledge of the Christian and native Christians, 26 %. Over Moslem Arabic religious vocabu- It is a question whether these lary, a sympathetic understandagainst this increase there is a Jews are converted, or merely ing of the mental and spiritual finding it expedient to conform. outlook of the special group decrease of 29 % in the income which he is seeking to reach, a Situation in Russia close acquaintance with the from Germany. These compara- movements of thought and cultive figures speak an earnest The United Presbyterian gives ture which are gradually changlanguage; for the actual situa- the following summary of the ing the viewpoint and social tion is still more unfavorable religious situation in Russia, than the figures ·reveal. The which is based on authentic growth could have been even greater; for it was not possible to make the fullest use of all the possibilities because man-power and means were lacking. Ac-

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

values of the Egyptian people, month they meet the medical as- many women around? Accurate and skill and wisdom in present- sistants to report these visits and statistics are not available, but ing those central truths of the to ask God's blessing on those it is certain that the increased use of the plow and the decrease Christian faith which are a per- who have accepted Christ. -Presbyterian Banner. of polygamy have proceeded petual stumbling block to the Moslem-the Trinity, the Incar- simultaneously.

nation, the Atonement, the suf- The Luba-Lulua Bible Christians in Kavirondo fering of God and the method of Dr. George T. McKee, mis- The work of evangelization divine revelation. sionary of the Southern Presby- only began in Kavirondo at the terian Church in the Congo -C. M. S. Outlook.

Colonization Scheme BeIge, writes that in all the opening of this century. These large centers it is now extraor- people are a likeable race of East Portugal has undertaken a dinary to find a young man Africa. They are great travelconstructive piece of work in es- unable to read. It is also en- ers, and go all over Kenya as tablishing a great number of couraging to find that those house boys, or other laborers; Portuguese families – mostly best informed are eager to be ac- and so enthusiastically did the peasants – along the railroad curate about Biblical facts. The first converts spread their faith that runs across Angola from missionary has to be extremely that the Church soon gained a Lobito to the Belgian Congo. careful now in his preaching stronghold. Their spiritual life The newcomers will find their and teaching lest some native is marked, evidenced by prayer farms with a ready crop of catch him in a mistake. Most meetings held on their own maize, wheat, fruit, vegetables, of the younger Christians can initiative, and their firm stand etc., all ready for harvesting, a recite long portions of Scripture. against old heathen customs. comfortable little house, well Not only has the Bible been But there is another side. As furnished and very hygienic, and the source of inspiration for the Rev. G. F. Kidd, of Maseno, exa number of natives under con- natives; the Luba-Lulua trans- presses· it: tract to help the new colonies in lation, since its appearance ten We have most of the outward paratheir work. The first group of years ago, has had an unex- phernalia of success. We hav~ s~v­ families has already reached pected influence on European eral African clergy, many ChrIstIan gathering places throughout the coun- Angola. traders, not versed in French or try and the Christian out-school is a -London Missionary Herald. English, but with a knowledge quite normal feature of the country- of the native language, who have side. But we have now also come to the second generation of Christians. Busy Nurses at Elat found their first real introduc- Christianity has become more conven- tion to the way of life in the tional; it is the "accepted thing," At Central Hospital in Elat pages of the Luba-Lulua Bible, and in the main I am sure it is true are sixteen women nurses. Some to say that there is not now the same are young graduates of mission the first complete Bible in any keenness amonl!' the individuals of schools and some are widows native language in central Bel- this African Church that there was who have bought their freedom gian Congo. It has a circulation fifteen years ago. from their husband's family. from Leopoldville to Elisabeth- ville. Young men often sit on -Church Missionary Outlook. These women work from morning to night, and often far their doorsteps and read with- WESTERN ASIA into the night, caring for the out danger of ridicule. from passick, making up supplies, steri- sers-by; some may read, as they Modern Turkey Makes Plans lizing instruments, getting the operating room ready, dressing so like to do, with a loud voice, The present regime in Turkey the wounds, bathing new-born heard by many in the village seems' determined, by an enbabies, caring for the orphans, lightened policy, to win for that who are at work. country a prestige surpassing -Bible Society Record.

scrubbing and cleaning. After Plows vs. Polygamy that of the former Ottoman Emwork hours they go to their pire. A vast scheme is on foot kitchens and cook their food. A writer in Woman's Mission- to give about 2,500,000 peasants Early in the morning and on ary Friend proves that plows a proprietary interest in the their half days off they work in have dealt a blow to the practice land. While preserving intact their gardens or gather food and of polygamy. It has been said the principles of private owner- firewood. Besides being nurses that the short-handled hoe is the ship, agricultural units, each most of them are Sunday school badge of African womanhood, comprising several villages; will teachers, and all of them belong and when all. cultivation of be formed into a "Kombine."

to one of two groups of personal crops was done by the hoe- One thousand of these are pro- workers. Two afternoons a woman's work-it naturally fol- jected. Seventy-eight per cent week they take their Bibles, lowed that the more wives a man of the population will benefit in gat1:Ier together for prayer, and had, the more land he was able one way or another by the pro- then go to the wards and neigh- to cultivate. But a plow can do ductivity which it is designed to boring villages to a c qua i n t more work in less time than secure.. Jumhuriyet, in its issue others with their Saviour. Each many wives, so why have so of February 4, discussing this

national program; says that the such a pretext as ill-health. I try to help him. The lad came; forests which cover only twelve heard your message first in the a cure was effected, and when he per cent of the land area will be wards, and I come to the dispen- had been there four years he doubled, and works for the con- sary to hear more." said one day, "I want to be a folservation of water will be under- lower of Jesus Christ." The taken. A young man was treated free doctor asked him how he had of charge in the hospital as he reached this decision, and he re- -World Dominion Press. was poor and without work. plied that Mahomet had never While in the wards he was im- done anything for him, neither Syria's Spiritual Hunger pressed by the spirit of service had the Mohammedans. But, he which he saw in the workers said, it was the life which he had Medical work is of special and was influenced by what he seen lived in that mission comvalue in Moslem lands because heard. After leaving he ob- pound that had led him to wish it shows Christianity in action. tained work, and from time to to be a Christian. Missionaries in Syria living in time since then he has given Moslem neighborhoods are now small donations to the hospital -The Christian. reporting a real desire to under- out of his earnings, declaring stand Christianity for its own each time he does so that it is a INDIA-SIAM sake. Sometimes this is due way of repaying the debt he merely to an awakening interest owes to the hospital. Changes in Twenty Years in the world at large; but the missionary in one strongly Mos- -E. M. M. S. Quarterly. A contributor to Agricultural lem city reports that he always Mission Notes asked 35 students finds it easy to lead from this A Pioneer in Iran in Pasumalai Normal School purely intellectual interest to the what noteworthy changes have spiritual. A religion free of the Dr. P. A. Satralker is a young taken place in South India in the detailed, rigid .observances of Indian medical man who is past twenty years. These stu- Islam; a religion simple enough working as a missionary in Iran dents are thoughtful men of colthat a simple man can under- under the Bible Churchman's lege age. The first eight changes stand its meaning, yet profound Missionary Society, stationed at listed are given in the order of enough that the greatest scholars Zahidan, South East Iran. Be- the strength of the vote. cannot find its ultimate reach; tween there and Quetta, 500 one based on a few great prin- miles eastward, there is no Caste distinctions are disappearing. ciples and not depending on a Christian witness. The nearest Untouchability is being rapidly disthousand petty observances-all mission to the north is Meshed, this appeals to the young Mos- 615 miles distant. The hospital carded. lem of today. Most of all, he is at Zahidan represents the only Child marriages are decreasing. beginning to ask about a religion organized Christian effort in this Education for women is increasing. that is worked out in actual life wide area. Coeducation is becoming more comand not in formalities. Dr. Satralker's father was a mon. Damascus Hospital minister of the Indian Presby- There is wider public interest in edu- terian Church, and believed that In Damascus, a Mohammedan the same Holy Spirit who had cation. stronghold, it is very difficult for led the Churches of the West to The demand for Home Rule is more a non-Christian to make public send the Gospel to India would confession of Christ as Saviour empower Indians to pass it on widespread and insistent. without great danger to life and to other lands. Of his four sons Rural reconstruction is multiplying. property. But many incidents the eldest is now in charge of an Epidemics are being mastered. encourage the staff at the Edin- American Presbyterian station; Women are entering public life. burgh Medical Mission Hospital. the second is now serving at Miraj, in Sir William Wanless' Interreligious Student A woman, who had been an Sanatorium; the third is the Conference in-patient, but had been dis- subject of this sketch, and the charged, continued to attend the fourth, also medical, is a mis- A Y. M. C. A. worker reports out-patient department Ion g sionary to Arabia. a student conference at Varkala, after she had left the hospital. Travancore, at which Christian, It was puzzling to know why she At Zahidan, aggressive evan- Moslem and Hindu students met should persist in coming, but gelism is impossible, as preach- on a purely religious basis. she finally made a confession to ing is forbidden except on There was honest skepticism on the hospital evangelist, Mr. mission premises, and lantern all sides. Questions arose out of Saliba, "I do not come here for lectures are included in the ban. real desire to know the truthmedical treatment. I come to questions that tested the best rehear the Gospel message. In my Dr. Satralker, when on a jour- ligious experience represented own house I am almost a pris- ney, halted at a coffee-shop be- there. For example: "How can oner and could never come out side the road. Sitting outside one know the will of God?" here to the hospital except on was a beggar boy with a terrible "What special value do the foot. The doctor told him that Scriptures have over the sciim- if he would come a little later to tific research of today?" "Why the Zahidan hospital he would need we go back to the experi- ences of those of the past when we of this age know more than they did?" Or, "I had lost my confidence in Hinduism, and

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

thought that Christianity was was stopped, and filth and smell Siam has religious freedom. The restrictions on Christian activities are ideal. Then I learned of their became unbearable. Dr. Clifford divisions, their failings, and I G. Manshardt, head of Nagpada very few. How long will this last? Siam is growing in geographical began to see all religions as Neighborhood House, gathered and political unity. There are no struggling after the ideal." It young Jews, Hindus, Moslems longer isolated fields in Siam itself. Older missionaries soon to retire was interesting to hear a Hindu and Christians in his School for have prestige and influence that leader help a Christian leader Social Work, and went into the should be used strategically and make his point clear. streets with brooms and dump urgently.

carts to clean up the place. It New leadership is arising in the personalities of younger missionaries, On the Depressed Class was a dramatic lesson in com- eager to unite on forward-looking munity spirit as menial work projects. Movement done by young men of all castes Equipment at certain places must Dr. P. B. Hivale, of Bombay, and creeds was an astounding either build up or close up. in an address before the All- thing. The next day the mu- India Conference of I n d ian MISCELLANEOUS Christians, told what he thought nicipality began work again with the Christian attitude should be Gifts and Giving toward the problem of the de- street cleaners in that section; pressed classes. and next day the press of India The Un i ted Stewardship made front-page news of the Council has recently issued its "I cannot but believe," he event.

said, "that in the principles Forman Christian College compilation of data in regard to which were given to us by Jesus gifts to 24 leading Protestant de- Christ you find the motive power Forman Christian College, nominations in the United States which makes human freedom Lahore, has been a pioneer in and Canada. possible. Therefore, Christians many lines. It was the first to Total gifts to the 24 commumust place before the depressed form a Graduates' Association nions were $315,438,747 in 1936 classes what they have, not in a in 1896, the first to open a Bi- as compared with $304,692,499 spirit of competition, but merely ology Department in 1898, the for 1935. This means a per as a witness to the liberating first to adopt coeducation in capita increase from $12.10 to power of Jesus Christ. Such a 1902, first to conduct medical ex- $12.46. Gifts for congregawitness must not be, however, amination of students admitted tional expenses increased from accompanied by any promise of to the College (1914). Her stu- $251,347,435 to $258,167,763, a economic help or political status. dents were the first to receive per capita increase from $9.98 Any attempts to enter into a the degree of B.Sc. from the to $10.20. The per capita inbargain with the depressed University of the Panjab. Dur- crease in gifts for denominaclasses for political purposes, or ing the past four years the Col- tional benevolences is a little less with the hope of increasing num- lege, now under the principal- proportionately than in those for bers is against the very spirit of ship of Dr. S. K. Datta, has congregational expenses – from our religion and we must set our made some vital changes; a new $2.02 in 1935 to $2.12 in 1936. face against it. At the same office was created in 1934 to fol- In 1936, as in 1935, the Church time we cannot but hope that the low up the progress in his of the Nazarene gave the largest depressed classes may find in the studies which each intermediate total amount per capita, $25.55. principles of Christ the abun- student makes. An annual camp In 1936, as in 1935, the United dant life for which they are is held for first-year students Presbyterian Church gave the searching. The decision must be where for two weeks they work largest amount per capita for their own. Whatever the deci- and play together. The effect of denominational benevolences, but sion, it should be our duty to help this novel experiment appears have decreased their gifts from remarkable, especially when one $7.18 per capita to $6.53. them. in their struggle. "However, we must confess looks at it in the light of the Three denominations in the that even in Christian churches communal shackles that fetter United States gave less per capthere has been class discrimina- India in general and the Panjab ita than in 1935; all the others increased their gifts at least a tion.· A challenge comes to the in particular. -Indian Witness. little. Christian Church to reexamine Of the three Canadian com- itself and to purge itself of all munions the gifts of the Cana- dian Baptists and the Presbysuch distinctions and all such New Life for Siam evils that come from our human failure to live up to the ideals Dr. Charles T. Leber, the new terians decreased both for dewhich we hold and which are a secretary of the Presbyterian nominational benevolences and sacred trust from our Master." Board and now on a tour of mis- for congregational expenses; sion fields in Asia, urges a new while the United Church in- united program for Siam. Here creased its per capita gifts Headliner are some of his observations: for denominational benevolences During a three days' com- The National Church is still young slightly, but decreased its gifts munal riot in Bombay the reg- enough to be enthusiastic, willing and for congregational expenses. ular city street cleaning service pliable. -Federal Council Bulletin.

Missionary

Books Briefly Reviewed for the Readers' Information ~,,============================== Rats, Plague and Religion. John most the number of the popula- Ambedkar movement as an in- Spencer Carman. 250 pp. $1.25. tion of the whole of the United troduction to the whole question Judson Press. Philadelphia. 1936. States are without any skilled medical help in India? Those of our Western churches' contri- This is as interesting a book who have in hand the prepara- bution in the past and our re- tion of textbooks for the study as its title would lead readers to of India in 1938-39 should have sponsibilities for the future. this book in mind, and some pub- Thus while bringing out Dr. expect, and is the best collection lisher would do well to issue a Pickett's survey conclusions in cheap edition to ensure its win- simple fact and figure, he has we know of stories concerning ning its way into the homes and led us to the brink of the future, hearts of the American people. medical mission work in India. with the vast need of India's J. F. EDWARDS. teeming Untouchables upper- Dr. John Spencer Carman of the Missionary Stories to Tell. Compiled most in our sympathies. Victoria Memorial Mission Hos- by the Children's Committee of the The author not only interprets Missionary Education Movement. pital at Hanumakonda in the 178 pp. Cloth, $1.00; paper, 50 the nature of the so-called "mass Hyderabad State (Nizam'& Do- cents. 1936. movement," but describes the minions) has had the help of his actual process of Christianizing capable wife who contributed Every teacher knows the edu- these depressed classes. Vivid several of the stories. They il- cational value of a well-told glimpses from current reports, lustrate how much can be done story. Through this collection latest figures of numerical progby a faithful missionary couple of 38 stories, boys and girls will in their first six years on the not only learn the facts about ress, eye-witness descriptions of field. Would any ordinary busi- modern missions, but will gain village life, all bring to the ness concern, in any part of the an understanding of world fel- reader a sense of the vital world, show equal results in so lowship and racial brotherhood. drama-spiritual, social and ecobrief a period? The stories are The stories are especially adapt- nomic-now proceeding in Innot only fascinatingly told but ed for telling, and are of tested they reproduce the Indian at- value to leaders of children in dia. mosphere with surprising cor- introducing boys and girls of the The author's review of the inrectness. Happy must have been Americas, China, Japan, Korea, the American audiences that India and Africa. creasing contributions of govheard them. No wonder the ernmental and non-Christian doctor and his wife have been The Untouchables' Quest. Godfrey agencies is appreciative; he urged to give their addresses Phillips. 96 pp. 40 cents. Edinthis permanent form which de- burgh House Press. London. 1936. commends them to Christian apserves wide circulation. Books proval and assistance, though he by India's medical missionaries This unpretentious book, tak- shows how justified is the Chrisare too rare, a simple and suffi- ing less time to read than the tian conviction that the changed cient explanation being that Book of the Acts, is a chronicle every medical missionary in' In- of modern "Acts" of the Holy inner life based on vital relation dia is already greatly over- Spirit. Inspiration and chal- to Christ is fundamental to any burdened with work on the field lenge are presented by facts lasting improvement in individand their furloughs are taken clearly expressed and forcefully ual and corporate life of the Unup by home churches that wish emphasized. Mr. Phillips, an to hear their moving stories. If English exmissionary (now a touchables. every missionary on furlough Board Secretary), has sought to could have as useful a "father- bring forth into the common Among portions most useful to the in-law" to help prepare his man- knowledge of the British and reader, and to one who desires to use uscript for the printer then American churches the great the book for preparing addresses or many more entrancing mission- study by Dr. (now Bishop) J. for classes are those dealing with ary books might be published. Waskom Pic k e t ,t, "Christian (a) the three years of experience The ignorance of home churches Mass Movements in India." Mr. since Mr. Gandhi's dramatic fast for about mission lands must be dis- Phillips has used the important the untouchables; (b) the startling pelled by some method or other. superiority in literacy of the Chris- How many people in the Amer- tians over Hindus and Moslems; ican churches realize that al- (c) difficulties and achievements in self-support, and (d) multiplying evi- dence that from the witnessing lives of transformed outcastes higher castes are being won to Christ in large numJers, and the emphatic chapter entitled "Everything Depends on Teaching."

Any of the books noted in these columns will be sent by the REVIEW publishers on receipt of price.

[ 268] The author closes with the ners-one as an American Con- Almost nothing is said about the note of urgency and warning, gregationalist and an interna- many people of wide usefulness recognizing the long road ahead tional evangelist who went whom Mr. M90dy led to Christ. for Christian forces. In blunt everywhere preaching; and the There is no index. language he says "this thing other as a metropolitan Baptist The fact that Mr. Day never which is too big for us already preacher who drew people trom saw D. L. Moody and was not is going to become far bigger." everywhere to hear him in his intimately acquainted with his B. C. HARRINGTON. London tabernacle. Both estab- work explains many of the lished educational institutions- omissions and inadequate lights Missionary Romance in Morocco. Spurgeon a Pastors' College and and sidelights on the great evan- By James Haldane. Illus. 8vo. 189 pp. 28. 6d. Pickering & Inglis. orphanage, and Moody a Bible gelist. As a balanced biography London. ·1937. Institute and two schools for it is lacking but as Mr. Day's struggling young men and young estimate of the man and his Morocco is one of the less message it is interesting and familiar countries of the world. women. Both were Bible stu- shows a man whom God used. It is out of the line of tourist travel and is inhabited by Moors dents and published books and A History of Jewish Christianity. and Berbers who are not over- tracts which have sent the Gos- From the First to the Twentieth friendly to Europeans. While pel in print all over the world. Century. By Hugh T. Schonfield. there are representatives of sev- Both were men of prayer and London. Duckworth, 1936. eral Protestant missionary so- depended on the Holy Spirit for cieties in Morocco, the field is power. Both were endowed with This important book has asnot an encouraging one because sembled valuable facts related to of the fanatical character of the a sense of humor and "common a phase of ecclesiastical history Moslems. Mr. Haldane intro- sense." Both died in their prime that has been almost entirely duces us to the people and prob- -Spurgeon at fifty-six, and overlooked, for church historians lems in a very entertaining and Moody at sixty-two, and both have attached little importance illuminating series of chapters left an enduring work behind to the place of Jewish Christhat relate his observations and them and children to carryon. tianity in the course of the experiences during the past 25 Christian centuries. This book years. He is a missionary and The material for Mr. Day's seeks to furnish a continuous ac- Field Superintendent of the story of "The Great American count ·of Jewish Christianity and Southern Morocco Mission, with Commoner" are largely gathered its influence from Apostolic headquarters in Mazagan. There from Mr. Moody's youngest times to our own. In spite of are few, if any, recent books that sister, Mrs. Elizabeth Moody many a hiatus in the records we give as vivid a picture of the have the results of extended products of Islam in North Washburne of Racine, Wiscon- research and a valuable contri- Africa. sin. For the most part it is not bution to the study of the sub- new but gives some fresh and ject. interesting glimpses of D. L.

Moody, his family and asso- ciates. The author's philosophy and personality are even more prominent here than those of his The aim of this history is ex- Bush Aglow. Life Story of D. L. subject but the book pictures a . pressed in a quotation taken Moody. By Richard E. Day. Illus. great soul, a love – motivated from Basil Mathews' "The Jew 331 pp. $2.00 net. Judson Press. soul-winner, and one filled with and the World Ferment." He Philadelphia. 1936.

D. L. Moody, who was born in the Holy Spirit and who built says: "We do not believe it to poverty just one hundred years both for time and eternity. be in the purpose of God that the ago, was a remarkable man. His One peculiarity of this biog- Jewish Christian should be delife seems to offer almost inex- raphy is its omissions. Little is prived of the opportunity of haustible material for biogra- said about the institutions that making his own distinctive phers. Three new volumes have D. L. Moody founded and that racial and cultural contribution recently come from the press he sometimes said represented within the Christian Church." thirty-seven years after his his most abiding work. The The principle, as thus stated, is Moody Bible Institute is given in full accord with the science of death. The new biography is by the six pages out of 333, Northfield modern missions. It is when we author of "The Shadow of the one page and Mount Hermon come to consider, however, what Brood Brim," a life of George two pages; almost nothing is was the "distinctive racial and H. Spurgeon, the great English said about the Northfield Con- cultural contribution," w h i c h preacher, who was born just a ferences and little about the Col- Mr. Schonfield thinks Jewish year before D. L. Moody. The portage Library; the names of Christians should make within two men had many points in many of those most vitally asso- the Church, that we find ourcommon – both were born of ciated with Mr. Moody are selves in disagreement. poor and obscure parents, had omitted; while others of little The author claims the right comparatively few educational importance are included; noth- for Jews who accept the Mesadvantages, were soundly con- ing is said of the work of his siahship of Jesus to remain withverted in youth and became sons and son-in-law in carrying in the Jewish community, to confamous preachers and soul-win- on the institutions he founded. tinue the observance of the

peculiar customs of their people, ment of Jewish Christians from women and children of wealth, and to cherish the heritage of their own people and the loss of holding them for ransom, bru- Israel. He believes that the their testimony within the House tally executing them when ran- Jews would thus "banish forever of Israel. We have here a fresh som was not forthcoming or the pain of the broken family study of the relationship of when captives failed to keep up circle," and be able effectively to Jewish Christians to the Chris- with the rapid marches. The "open the eyes of their brethren tian Church and suggestions as hope of a large ransom led the to the saving truth that Jesus is to how their testimony for Communists to save the lives of the Messiah." He also seems to Chdst can be made more effec- the two missionaries. Mr. Hayapprove of a return by Jewish tive in reaching their unrecon- man alone was released on the Christians to the view of Jesus ciled brethren. J. S. CONNING. payment of ten thousand Chi- held by certain followers of nese dollars by a Chinese friend, Christ in the first Christian cen- The Restraining Hand. By R. A. though the release of both had turies, known as Ebionites. Mr. Bosshardt. 288 pp. Price, $1.50. been promised for that sum. Schonfield says, "Their Chris- Hodder & Stoughton, London. 1936. Five months later, Mr. Boss- tology was a simple one. They This record of the "Captivity hardt was released without ranbelieved that Jesus was the nat- for Christ in China" of two som when it occurred to his capural son of Joseph and Mary, members of the China Inland tors that, as a Swiss, he did not elected to the high office of Mes- Mission, Messrs. Hayman and belong to an imperialist nation! siah by virtue of His Holy life Bosshardt, for periods of 413 For a picture of Chinese Comand Davidic descent; that He and 560 days respectively, is a munism in its horrible reality, had been so designated at His fit companion for the narratives baptism by the entering in of the of "Boxer Days," of fiery trials not as the theorists portray it, Holy Spirit and by the Voice that in the Church's various persecu- one should read this book. It is proclaimed, 'Thou art My Son, tions, and of the experiences of this day have I begotten Thee.' the Apostle Paul so briefly yet so a modern parallel to parts of the They also believed that after graphically recorded in the Acts eleventh chapter of The He- brews. COURTENAY H. FENN.

proclaiming the Kingdom of and the Epistles. The book Indians of Today. Edited by Marion God, He laid down His life for might have a wider reading and E. Gridley. 128 pp. $2.50. Pri- the salvation of Israel, was produce a deeper impression if vately published by the Indian buried, rose again from the it had been cut to half its length, Council Fire, 108 North Dearborn dead, ascended into Heaven, and yet the interest of the reviewer St., Chicago. 1936.

would shortly return again to set was maintained through a com- When it is no longer thought up His Kingdom and reign over plete reading of the simple story, necessary to introduce American despite the natural sameness of citizens of aboriginal descent the House of Jacob forever." Students of history will recog- its detail of daily hardship and with the sound of tomtoms and nize at once views over which peril. The heart-sickness of a display of war-bonnets when many a battle royal has been "hope deferred," the dreary they are accepted without fanfought in other generations. loneliness of separation from fare as our equals and contem- Yet Mr. Schonfield looks forward' loved ones and association with poraries, then we shall no longer hopefully to "the return of the murderous ruffians, the deprivagreat Gentile churches to the tion of books – even with no have need for an Indian Bureau, simple faith and Christology of Bible for most of the time-the for "Indian" organizations, or for exclusively Indian schools.

the early Jewish Christians," lack of proper food and clothing, Until that day-which some of and to the time when they will the inability to bathe with conse- us believe may not be far offenunciate "g,imple and universal quent infestation by. verrllin such a. compilation as "Indians principles of belief in which the picked uP from filthy lodgings of Today," sponsored by the In- Unity of God and the Messiah- and associates-all these things dian Council Fire of Chicago and ship of Jesus will be the funda- made it impossible for anything edited by its secretary, Marion mentals." Such a faith he con- but the most impUcit faith in E. Grid,ley is welcomed as an inceives would be "acceptable God to sing songs, give thanks dex of progress already made and preach Christ "in season and toward the goal. alike to Jew and Gentile."

But the author's facts, quite out of season." The late Charles Curtis, a apart from his interpretation of Their captors were the Com- former senator and vice-presi- them, command our attention munist Army as it was driven by dent of the United States, whose and interest. They bring us face the Government troops through minor strain of Indian blood has to face with the tragic failure of the provinces of Hunan, Kwei- been widely publicized, tells us the Church to commend Christ chow and Yiinnan toward the in his Foreword what those to the Jew, with the spiritual northwest borders of China. whose stories and portraits ap- homelessness of Jews who be- Bombing airplanes constantly pear "have achieved in the face come believers in Jesus, and the harassed the Communists, yet, of terrific handicaps." Together lack of fellowship which they so dodging and fleeing, they cap- with hundreds less well known, often encounter within the tured towns and villages, looting they are filling a worthy place Church, and with the estrange- and destroying, kidnapping men, in our modern civilization. The

OUR MISSIONARY BOOKSHELF

.editor does not pretend to cover strange land for the first time. not merely to sugar coat misthe ground fully. Some Indians The author shows that all Africa sionary and other religious in- who well deserved mention were is not jungle but that there are formation but is especially to inunknown to the editor, while great and modern cities, high spire and motivate practical others preferred not to be listed. mountains, railroads and their work in church groups. The The analysis of 101 short stations, automobiles, mines, author has endeavored to make biographies shows that about waterfalls, plantations, 0 pen the staging and costuming one-third of those included claim rolling grass land, yes, and dense simple so as to be within the to be "full bloods." . One-fourth bush. Of course a children's range of the average church. It are less than half Indian, al-· book must mention lions, leop- is to be regretted that these though only Mr. Curtis, and ards, elephants, hippopotami, sketches were not revised so as Mrs. Roberta Campbell Lawson monkeys and Africa's other ani- to meet the new legal, social and (granddaughter of a native Del- mals. religious conditions with which aware missionary, and now pres- Living in these pages are also, the Christian Church has to ident of the General Federation and mainly, people-boys herd- deal, since the plays were first of Women's Clubs), are below ing flocks, taking turns going to used. Missionary motives, con- one-fourth degree. school where they learn songs versational style and facts have About one-third of those and Bible stories which they changed so markedly that little whose stories are presented live carry back to their fellow herds- of the material could now be and work among the general men. We read of little Ponsiwe used without considerable adap- population of America, as min- whose mother tried to hide her tation. If this is done the dra- isters to white churches, doctors, from evil spirits; there are matic basis of these plays and lawyers, scientists, business men Zepheniah and Sarah, the twins, pageants will be found helpful and others. Members of one who with their mother were as suggestive material well ar- considerable group serve under lepers; and there is Mary, one ranged. E. S. AITCHISON.

the Indian Bureau or as mis- of the children rescued by the sionaries on reservations; over missionaries during the famine. Heritage of Beauty. Pictorial Studies one-third are artists, singers, Wide territory was covered by of Modern Christian Architecture lecturers and writers on Indian in Asia and Africa. By D. J. Flemthemes; many entertainers have Miss Reed in her visit-Natal, ing. $1.50. Friendship Press, New Transvaal, Cape Colony, Orange York. 1937. been omitted. Twenty-two wom- Free State, Portuguese East .en are included, and several men Africa and the Belgian Congo. Many mission churches and Instructive notes are added to schools in foreign lands are so who have won fame and money each chapter, giving facts about crude or foreign that they are as successful athletes. Eleven each of the provinces. an offence to cultured natives and do not stimulate worship. are or have been Christian min- MYRTA PEARSON Ross. This is in spite of the fact that isters or pastors. Three of the such countries as India, Burma, Missionary Plays and Pageants. By Persia, Siam, Japan and China names are found in "Who's Who Mrs. Fannie Smith Gray. Crown in America," and others appear boast of many very beautiful in special books of reference. 8vo. 277 pp. $2.75. Western Bap- non-Christian temples. tist Publishing Co., Kansas City, Missionary groups will do well Mo. 1936. Dr. Fleming, formerly a misto study this compilation, the first of its kind, and it should be The demand for missionary sionary in India, has prepared made available in libraries, espe- material in dramatic form has ,cially those of schools, colleges, increased in late years as this attractive volume wit h .and historical societies. churches and other religious or- ganizations have come to realize forty-five photographic produc- ELAINE GOODALE EASTMAN. the dynamic of the visual pres- entation of truth. These 25 tions, with a view to promoting 'World Treasure Trails: Africa. By dramas and pageants cover a Nellie A. Reed. 127 pp. $1.00, range of subjects, including tem- and preserving in every land cloth; 50 cents, paper. Women's perance, sketches for special oc- Missionary Society, Free Methodist casion and various phases of national ideas of beauty in Church, Winona Lake, Ind. 1936. missionary work. The appeal is mostly to women and young Christian Church architecture. The author is a Free Meth- people. ·odist, who was sent out to Africa In these studies he shows the by the children of America, and The author was for 13 years now brings back a message to Baptist State Secretary for Kan- beautiful, appropriate, adretsiisgtinc~ young and old. She knows and sas and served as leader in the dignified and worshipful loves children of all races and Woman's National Jubilee and has drunk deeply from the foun- in some Christian churches ; tains of experience. others are dignified but seem out of place in their environ- ment. He also calls attention to art, symbolism and reverence in connection with churches. Every missionary, charged with build- ing houses of worship in other Here is an :atmosphere of ad- Continuation Campaigns of the lands, should examine this volventure that every missionary Northern Baptist Convention. ume and profit by Dr. Fleming's ,experiences :as he goes to a The aim of these productions is studies.

Kolerat Pitsiulret or True Stories of As his first wife, he married sketch of the Religions of China the Early Days of the Moravian Miss Lucy Guinness, a daughter is followed by a chapter on Mission on the Kuskokwim River, of Dr. H. Grattan Guinness of Christianity in China, from the Alaska. By S. H. Gapp. 106 pages. London. coming of the Nestorians to the 50 cents. The Comenius Press (The The story of this life, dedi- most recent developments in the Moravian Book Shop), Bethelehem, Pa. 1936. cated to God for Africa, is National Christian Council and The Moravian Church began deeply interesting from many the expanding ideal and realizaits work among the Eskimos of points of view. We read of wild tion of the Indigenous Church. the Kuskokwim District in 1885, elephant hunts, as well as adven- The author's picture of the Life and this booklet records in tures with wild men, but the . and Leadership of the Chinese graphic and gripping sty 1e traveler's chief interest was in Church, in country and city, talstories of what was involved in bringing men into vital relation- lies closely with the reviewer's pioneer missionary work fifty ship to Christ. Kumm met own 34 years of observation and years ago in subarctic Alaska. many famous men and spoke at participation in bot h. The What perhaps adds peculiar in- great assemblies. These contacts Church's virtues and frailties terest to these, at times, thrill- form the basis for some rich ex- are not very different from those ing narratives is the fact that periences that reveal the man's of the Western Churches, and one of the pioneer missionaries, strong character and wide in- the great need is the same-that who for the first time brought fluence. He died in California of larger dependence upon God's the Gospel to these neglected on August 29, 1930, but the Spirit for a fuller and more enpeople, was a full-blooded Del- work of the S. U. M. goes on ergizing life. It is a felt need aware Indian, the greatgrand- with many signs of the blessing and Chinese preachers and itinson of the famous Chief Gelele- of God. erant bands have been raised up mend of Revolutionary fame. to meet it as never before, in The first chapters give a review China Calling. By Rev. Frank more extensive and intensive of his life. After his death his Houghton, B.A. 80 pp. Paper, 50 evangelism and the development widow gave to Dr. Gapp all her cents; cloth, $1.00. China Inland of the spirit of independent selfdiaries, from which he has Mission, Lon don, Philadelphia. support and self-propagation.

1936.

gleaned this remarkable tale, It would be hard to find else- But lest any should think that which he has been permitted to where as many interesting facts the missionary is no longer publish now that she too has about China, the country, the needed in China, the author gone to her eternal reward. The people, their history, their char- draws attention to the still small acter, their attainments and number and the poverty of the book gives a vivid picture of their needs, in equally small 500,000 Chi n e s e Protestant missionary activities amid the snow and ice of Alaska, and also compass. The Editorial Secre- Christians among nearly 500,- of some of the experiences- tary of the China Inland Mis- 000,000, and the vast populasometimes tragic – of the early sion, and now a Bishop in tions entirely unevangelized. In Eskimo converts. P. DE S. Szechuen, has made full use of his mind there is not the slight- Pools on the Glowing Sand. The earlier books on China and the est question that "none but Jesus Story of Karl Kumm. By Irene V. Chinese, but also, with unusual Christ can do helpless sinners Cleverdon. Introduction by Samuel opportunities, has made equal good," therefore China presents M. Zwemer. Illus. 8vo. 194 pp. 58. Specialty Press. Melbourne, use of eyes and ears and mind on the world's loudest call and present-day China. He has pro- greatest opportunity to those Australia. 1936. duced a book which should find who follow the Master in being Karl Kumm was a pioneer a large place in the study classes lovers of souls. "Love never missionary traveler in Central of churches and societies as af- faileth." C. H. FENN.

Africa and described his inter- fording an admirable bird's-eye esting observations in two vol- view of that long-lived race in God in the Every Day. By Hugh urnes: "The Lands of Ethiopia," the weakness and strength of its Redwood. 8 vo. 117 pp. 28. 6d. and "From H a usa 1and to past, its modern progress and Rich and Gowman, London. 1936.

Egypt." He had outstanding problems, its resources, its need Another book by the religious gifts as a Christian scholar, an of "What Jesus Christ alone can edi,tor of the London D ail y effective speaker and missionary give." Hence this book's stir- Chronicle is always welcome. explorer and was one of the ring call to the Christian Church Like "God in the Slums" it is founders of the Sudan United in Great Britain and America to the story of how Christ finds Mission and its General Secre- seize the present unequalled op- men and women and saves them tary. portunity. Its appeal is by: no from sin and destruction. It is Karl Kumm was of German means limited to the C. 1. M. and illustrated by individual experiparentage and was born in Os- its supporters. The style of the ences and one chapter of espeterode, Hanover, in 1874. Later book is easy and the author's cial interest is autobiographical. he became international in his sense of humor is frequently in Every pastor, teacher and percontacts and allegiance, with evidence. sonal worker will find it a rich Great Britain, America and Af- After a description of the storehouse for inspiration and rica as his adopted countries. land and people, an excellent illustration. .

Born-And Then? By An- know the Hindu people, their DO YOUR S.S.PAPERS

drew Gih. Edited by J. Edwin Orr. system, customs and problems. 12mo. 128 pp. Is. Marshall, It was a great experience which ~ Morgan & Scott. London. 1937. they have capi,talized to good advantage. He describes each BIBLE TBUTH~ Andrew Gih is a Chinese separate caste from Brahman to Christian, still a young man, an dancing girl and then tells of the ~- HAPPY HOURS evangelist of the Bethel Mission service system, payment, conin Shanghai. Recently he has cessions, and its disintegrating '– ""'"""'- For.he Primacies not only traveled widely in features. The laws of compen- -…….. China, preaching the Gospel, but sation and rights are studied, Sample. of 011' has been on a world-wide evan- and the advantages and disad- Paperl and Ouartedi.. gelistic tour and has given his vantages of the whole system. message very effectively to large It is a valuable study for any sent free on recpest audiences in America and Eng- missionary or student of social E5T.1886 land. Now friends have per- science. suaded him to write the story of CBHISTIAN PUBLICATIONS INC. his early life, his conversion, his The lessons Dr. Wiser draws Third and Reily Sts., Harrisburg~Pa. Christian ministry and his mes- from the system are fifteen. The sage. All has been edited by J. features that should be retained Education for Missions in the Local Edwin Orr, the young British include: Church. E. Mae Young. 89 pp. evangelist, aut h 0 r of "Can 35 cents. Methodist Book Concern. God-?" and other volumes. 1. Contentment and peace. 2. The individual wishes subordinated New York. Andrew Gih's story is strik- Landlord and Peasant in China. A ing and stimulating. His faith to the group. Study of the Agrarian Crisis in is clear, his spirit is Christlike 3. A federation of groups leading to China. Chen Hanseng. 144 pp. and his message is Biblical. The $2.00. International Publishers. book well repays a careful read- solidarity. ing, though its style is conversa- 4. The farmers living at the center New York. tional, rather than literary and Revisiting My Pygmy Hosts. Paul the life-story would be improved rather than in scattered homes. by condensation and reediting. 5. The village community as the pri- Schebesta. Trans. by G. Griffin. The Scripture messages deal llIus. Map. 288 pp. 18s. Hutchwith the Holy Spirit and are in- mary unit of society in India. inson. London. tended particularly for Chris- 6. Education and religion as playing Stone Age Bushmen of Today. Life tians who need cleansing, and and Adventure Am~mg a Tribe of power. They will be helpful to a large part in creating unity. Savages in Northwestern Australia. any earnest Christian of any 7. The greatest factor contributory to J. R. B. Love. Illus. 220 pp. race, in any land. 8s. 6d. Blackie. London. a sense of security is a recogni- Native Education and Culture-Con- The Hindu Jajmani System. By tion of common responsibility. tact in New Guinea. William C. Wm. H. Wiser. Paper bound. 192 Groves. 179 pp. 6s. University pp. Lucknow Publishing House, He says in conclusion: "Just Press, Melbourne; Oxford Univer- India. 1936. as India is helping us to under- sity Press, London. stand more clearly the Galilean Wm. H. Wiser has been for Master's teaching of passive re- Christ the Hope of the W orId. Resome years a missionary in the sistance, it can help us' to under- port of the Twelfth World's Sunday United Provinces of Indian and, stand His teaching that no man wSceh.ooml Cuosn. ve3n5t0iopnp. . Alexander Gamwith his wife, wrote a fasci- has a right to live entirely unto $1.00. World's nating book of Indian village himself and that they who are Sunday School Assn. New York. life, called "Behind Mud Walls." strong are under an ethical obli- Now Dr. Wiser has published gation to bear the burdens of Christianity and Our World. J. C. another and more detailed study the weak." Bennett. 65 pp. 50 cents. Assoof one of the features of the Village System-the "Jajmani" or New Books ciation Press. New York. relationship between employer Church and ,state on the European and 'employee. This system is Ablaze for God. Life Story of Paget Continent. Adolf Keller. 6s. Epcomplicated because of the Wilkes. Mary W. Dunn Pattison. worth Press. London. twenty-four castes and out- 316 pp. Japan Evangelistic Band. castes, with their traditional oc- London. ON SHIPBOARD cupations and taboos. For example: the Brahmans may be The Foundations Must Stand. P. E. An unusual gathering, sayS a corserved by anyone of the twenty- Kretzmann. 123 pp. 75 cents. respondent, was held lately on board four castes while the sweeper Concordia Publishing House. St. the P. and O. steamer Carthage, bound can only be served by a few. Louis. for China. Under the heading "Why we are going to China?" several young For five years Dr. Wiser and Letters by a Modern Mystic. Frank men going out to the China Inland his family lived just outside a C. Laubach. 46 pp. 25 cents. Mission for the first time gave their village, which they called Ka- Student Volunteer Movement. New testimony in front of 250 passengers York. and ship's officers. The speakers, who rimpur. Here they learned to had taken a prominent part in the A Theology for Christian Missions. usual deck sports, all told how they Hugh Vernon White. $2.00. 220 had been led to realize that tqe ac- pp. Willet Clark & Co. Chicago. cepting of Christ as their Saviour was a real and personal matter, and how Alaskan Adventures. By Loyal L. in different ways they had received Wirt. $1.50. 124 pp. Revell. New the call to China.-British Weekly. York.

Twelve Mighty Missionaries. E. E. Enock. 95 pp. Is. Pickering and Inglis. London.

They Found God. M. L. Christlieb. 152 pp. 58. Allen and Unwin. London.

NOT MISS THESE ARTICLES IN

JUNE NUMBER OF THE THE MISSIONARY ~~WORLD CHRIST AND RURAL AMERICA Some Back Road Problems ………………………………….. Eunice B. Buck The Challenge of the Rural Community ……………………… Mark A. Dawber The Murdock Trail …………………………………….. .Alvin E. Magary Neglected Fields in Rural America ………………………….. William R. King Unity and Cooperation for Rural Churches ………………… .Edward D. Hamner As a Farmer's Wife Sees It ……………………………… .Mrs. A. W. Hewitt Case Work in Rural America ………………………………… .Hilda L. lves A Colporteur's Experiences …………………………………. , ohn C. Killian Tenants, Share-Croppers and the Church …………………. Charles M. McConnell Keeping the Fountains Clean ………………………. , .. .Henry W. McLaughlin The Work of Rural Sunday Schools ……………………… .'ohn M. Somerndike The Country Pastor's Job … , …………………….••…………. .Mark Rich The Larger Parish Plan ………………………….•……. Ellsworth M. Smith What Rural Churches Are Doing ………………………….. W. H. Thompson Woman's Work in a Country Church ………………………. .Mrs. ,. D. Wyker Volunteers in Rural Church Service ………………………….. Louis C. Harnish Best Books on Rural Life Porblems …………….. ; ………… Benson Y. Landis ORDER COPIES FOR YOURSELF AND YOUR SOCIETY, BEFORE THE EDITION IS SOLD OUT.

25 cents a copy. $20.00 a hundred $2.50 a year THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD ROBERT E. SPEER, President DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Editor

The Missionary Review of the World — August 1928

BIBLICAL SEMINARY IN NEW

Interdenominational WILBERT W. WHITE, President T~d~~~:-~~~e~:e~~:~~;~~g.~~~(~~~f:~I~ ~:;tee~~~idyTO~echoii!"t;:1~1:C1~i~ ~h~~:t~~i~~Y,t~~;c~ofo;!:~ and philosophical modes of approach, under the professors of the subjects indicated.

Tile De~rtment 01 ReUglous Educa.tlon.. A ('ourse for Bible teachers in colleges, directors of religious edUL'atlDn. reHgjous work secretaries, and other Chri.stian Jeaders.

The Departlllen.t of . . . .10… A course with the missionary candidate's needs especially provided for, in Bible study and subjeets essential In missionary preparation.

The Departlllent .f Soela1 SerYlce. A course for workers in settlemf"nts. community service and other branches of social service.

De.rees. By the authority of the Board of Re~enh of the LJniversity of the State of New York, the degrees of S.T.B., S.T.M , S.T.D.• B.R.E.. M.ILK. and n.R.E. may be ('onferred upon Rtudents who ~atisfactorily complete the prescrihed course. ThE' Bihlkal Seminary al:olo cu·operates with the School of Education of New York University in offering courses leading to the degrees of M.A. and Ph.D. Send lor the N.w Catolo, THE BIBLICAL SEMINARY IN NEW YORK Publishers THE BIBLICAL REVIEW 235 East 49th Street, New York A MISSIONARY MEETING 'Twas once upon a time they met to talk of mission work- The Indian, the Arabian, the habits of the Turk. Mr. Fearful and Miss Cautious, Mr. Stingy and Miss Slow, All waited anxiously to hear what everyone should know.

The president walked to the chair; for order gave a rap: "Our business first is foreign work; so study well this map.

Far off in darkest heathen lands some money must be given; This was our Saviour's last command before He went to heaven."

Miss Cautious spoke: "We can't afford to help across the sea; Those people are too far away. It always seems to me That here on our own continent are needs much greater there. I move that foreign work be dropped; and then I'll give my share."

This motion seconded at once, the foreign work was lost, Because the needs were great at home; they had to count the cost. But now another voice was heard, the speaker was Miss Slow: "Domestic work may be all right; but I for one say 'No!'

"I move that we go slowly; our church we must repair: For charity begins at home, so why send money there? So I sUl!'gest we henceforth drop all missions from our work. We canYt afford to labor for the Indian or for Turk."

The motion seconded at once, all mission work was lost, Because the church must be repaired, and they must count the cost, Then Mr. Stingy rose, and said: "My friends, I cannot see Why you are ever trying to get more money out of me.

"You know my family is large; my money I much need; I have so many clothes to buy, so many mouths to feed. I move that all this church expense be left for richer people; These are the ones to run the church ana·~uard from steps to steeple."

The motion seconded at once, the debts were left to others, For well they knew the church roll gave the names of richer brothers, Then carne a voice, a feeble one, which said: "I can't afford To help my family along; 1 leave them with the Lord.

"I earn enough to keep myself, and hope some corning year To have enough laid up in bank to read my title clear." Then all the members said: "You're right. We owe ourselves a debt." So each one closed his pocketbook. They've not been opened yet.

But this was many years ago, full fifty years or more. We in a n~w creation live; such meetings we deplore. How grieved we feel that long ago the people did not know That giving brings rich blessings, and we reap just as we sow.

-Adapted from Mrs. Peter Stryker.

Please mention THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD in writing to adverUrera. DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Editor AUGUST TABLE OF CONTENTS Page FRONTISPIECE-THE MOST NORTHERN MISSION STATION IN THE WORLD PROTESTANTISM IN LATIN LANDS ………….. KENNETH D. MILLER 613 LINKING THE TWO AMERICAS ……………… CHARLES A. THOMSON 619 CROOKED NECK CHARLIE …•………………•…. HARRIET R. KING 624 GLIMPSES OF MODERN GREECE ……..•..•….•..• CHARLES T. RIGGS 625 ROMANCE AND REALITY IN ALASKA ……….•… A. J. MONTGOMERY 629 WOMAN'S RIGHTS IN TURKEY •…………….. A TURKISH EDITORIAL 636 CANADA AS A MISSION FIELD …•…•…•..•…….. COLIN G. YOUNG 637 HOME MISSIONS OF THE PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH IN CANADA …. • . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . • • . . . . . • . . . • . . . . . . . • . . • . . • . . . . . . . •W. A. CAMERON 642 AMERICA'S GREATEST CONTRIBUTION TO EGYPT … WAHBY BOULUS 644 EVANGELICAL CHRISTIANITY IN ITALy ..••.. ALBERT G. MACKINNON 645 AN APOSTLE OF CHRIST IN NEW BRITAIN ……….. J. H. MARGETTS 648 THE VITALITY OF MORMONISM. _. ___ . __ …… _…. " . WM. M. PADEN 650 CHINESE CHRISTIANS WHO HAVE STOOD ….. __ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 656 BEST METHODS FOR YOUNG PEOPLE ………. _.. MRS. C. K. LIPPARD 657 WOMAN'S FOREIGN MISSION BULLETIN ……. -……………… . . . . . . . • . • . • . . • . . . . • . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . EDITED BY ELLA D. MACLAURIN 663 WOMAN'S HOME MISSION BULLETIN ………………………… . • . . . . . . • • . • • . • . • . • • . . . • . . • • . . • . . . . . . . EDITED BY FLORENCE E. QUINLAN 667 WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK ……………………………………… 670 BOOKS WORTH READING •.••..••.•…….•……••………….••… 686 TERMS: $2.150 a year. ($2.00 in clubs of five.) Foreign postage, 150 cents. Single copies, 25 cents. Published monthly. Copyrighted, 1928, by MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING CoMPANY, INC. All rights reserved.

THE MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING COMPANY, Inc.

ROBERT E. SPEER, President WM. I. CHAMBERLAIN, Vlae·Pre8ide,., DELAVAN L. PIEItSON, Secretary WALTIlR McDOUGALL, Treasurer Publication Office, 3d & Reily St•., Harrisbnrg, Pa. 25c a copy. $2.50 a year. Editorial and Buslne•• Office, 156 Fl!th Avenue, New York City Entered aB second-class matter at the Post Office, Harrisburg, Pa., under Act or March 3, 1879. PERSONALS Eight years ago these two Councils DR. JOHN R. MOTT has resigned as started to place interdenominational Re- General Secretary of the National Coun- ligious Work Directors in the Governcil of the Young Men's Christian Association to devote his whole time to the ment Schools for Indians. There are at work of the International Missionary present six Directors serving eight Council, of which he is Chairman. His resignation becomes effective in October. schools to promote Bible instruction, constructive social relationships, and Dr. Matt will continue as President of student activities. the World's Alliance of the Young Men's Christian Associations. In his new Miss Brickman is eminently qualified capacity he will develop the plans outlined at the recent meeting of the Coun- for her new work, having been Student cil at Jerusalem. Secretary at Michigan State Normal Col- In October, Dr. Mott will start on a lege and for over ten years Girl Reserve world tour, after which he will make his headquarters in New York and Geneva. Secretary in the Young Women's Chris- tian Association, Detroit, Michigan, and office executive with the National Board in New York, and General Secretary in Riga, Latvia.

T. H. P. SAIL"ER," PH* .D., author, re- (lOMING EVENTS cently Educational Adviser to the Board Victorious Life Conferences, Keswick of Foreign Missions of the Presbyterian Grove, N. J., Aug. 4-12, 18-26, and Aug. Church in the U _ S. A., and Associate 31-Sept. 3. in Education at Columbia University, has joined the staff of the Missionary National Con v e n t ion, Evangelical Education Movement. He has given up League, Evangelical Synod, Milwaukee, his work at Columbia in order to devote Wis., Aug. 7-12. his entire time to experimental work in religious and missionary education. National Association of Workers Among Colored People, Winston-Salem, *** N. C., Aug. 14-19.

REV. DR. AND MRS. JOHN M. SPRINGER, International Christian Press Conferof the Methodist Episcopal Church, re- ence, Cologne, Germany, Aug. 16-22. turned in June to their field in the Belgian Congo, thus making their fifth World Youth Peace Congress, Eerde, Holland, Aug. 17-26. .. .." voyage to Africa. MRS. W. T. HOBART, of the American World Alliance for International Methodist Episcopal Mission, Tianfu, a Friendship Through the Churches, station about thirty miles south of Tsian- Prague, Czecho-Slovakia, Aug. 24-30. fu, China, was killed on April 29th by a bullet fired into her bedroom, and ap- Human Relations in Industry Conferparently aimed at the missionary by one ence, Silver Bay, New York, Aug. 29of the southern soldiers. Mrs. Hobart Sept. 2. was born in Flushing, L. I., and went to China forty-six years ago where she Universal Christian Conference on rendered distinguished service with her Life and Work, Prague, Czecho-Slovakia, husband who is still on the field. Aug. 31-Sept. 5.

REV. YONETARO *MA*TSUI has been National Baptist Convention, Louis- ville, Ky., Sept. 4-10. elected Bishop of Tokyo, to succeed the late Bishop Motoda. Preliminary Meeting for Universal Religious Peace Conference, Geneva, *** Switzerland, Sept. 12-14.

DUGALD CAMPBELL, African traveler Biennial National Convention, Evanand author, has undertaken a two-year gelical Brotherhood, Evangelical Synod, expedition for the National Bible So- Indianapolis, Ind., Sept. 16-19. ciety of Scotland, to sell Scriptures, mainly Arabic and French, throughout Convention, Women's Missionary Sothe Sahara. He is to begin his tour at ciety, United Lutheran Church, Johns- Senegal and end in the Anglo-Egyptian town, Pa., Sept. 22-27. Sudan. Convention of the United Lutheran "*" Church, Erie, Pa., Oct. 9-.

MISS HELEN M. BRICKMAN has ac- General Convention of the Protestant cepted the position of Director of Reli- Episcopal Church, Washington, D. C., gious Work for Indian Schools, serving Oct. 10-. in executive capacity under the Home Missions Council and Council of Women American Board of Commissioners for for Home Missions beginning September Foreign Missions (Congregational), An- 1st. Her headquarters will be the office nual Meeting, Bridgeport, Conn., Oct. 16of the Council of Women for Home Mis- 18. sions, 105 East 22d Street, New York International Goodwill Congress, New City. York, N. Y., Nov. 11-13.

National In t err a cia I Conference, Washington, D. C., Nov. 18-2l.

Federal Council of the Churches, Quadrennial Meeting, Rochester, N. Y., Dec. 5-12.

Fourth Conference on the Cause and Cure of War, Washington, D. C., Jan. 14·18, 1929.

Hospital Manse Church Schoolhou••

THE SKYLINE AT POINT BARROW-SEEN BY WILKINS ON HIS FLIGHT TO SPITZBERGEN i A WINTER VIEW Oli' A SU:lDIER RESORT! AN IGLOO A']' POIN']' BARROW, ALASKA A SUlIllllER HOME IN A WINTRY LAND- ·POINT BARROW THE MOST NORTHERN MISSION STATION IN THE WORLD

LI, No.8 August

PROTESTANTISM IN LATIN LANDS BY KENNETH D. MILLER, New York American Repre8entative at the Burea" tar the Reliet of the Evangelical ahurcheB of Europe C AN Protestantism make any thought and liberty of conscience headway in the Latin coun- thrive only among the practically tries?· Is the Protestant ap- minded folk of northern climes?

proach to Christianity adapted Or is the division between Prot- only to the Teutonic mind? estant and Catholic nations to be A casual glance at a map of explained purely on the ground Europe showing the religious af- of accidental historical causes?

filiations of the population would Are the racial characteristics of lead one to believe that Protestant- the Latins the causes of their re- ism is a type of religion which ligious affiliations? Or are they grips the Nordic peoples but leaves rather an effect?

the Latins cold. Protestantism is Such questions cannot be an- found to be dominant in the north- swered without an examination of ern countries only-Great Britain, the present extent and influence of Scandinavia, Holland and Switzer- Protestantism in the Latin coun- land. France, Belgium, Spain, tries. For Protestantism has a Portugal and Italy are almost sol- foothold in each of the Latin coun- idly Roman Catholic. In Germany, tries. It makes its influence felt Ireland and Switzerland the north- despite its numerical inferiority, ern section is predominantly Prot- and in some of the Latin countries estant, the southern is Roman the Protestant churches exercise Catholic. a very potent influence.

Here is a field for the investi- Such is the case in the French gations of a scientist anxious to cantons of Switzerland where the discover the influence of geography 500,000 Protestants form two and climate upon human behavior. thirds of the French population Is the Latin race, as such, so con- and one fifth of the total Protes- stituted that it cannot be led to tant population of the country.

adopt the Protestant modes of This is the only country where thought? Is there some connec- Protestants form a majority of a tion between emotional tempera- Latin population. Also it is the ment and ritual and external only instance where the Protes- authority? Does independence of tant group forms a compact unit 613

so that it is in a position to ex- to such a condition, the Church ercise a direct influence upon the must carryon an aggressive mislife about it. The strength of sionary work. It must make of Protestantism in French Switzer- every church a center of evangelland is traceable directly to Cal- ism, and it must organize a home vin and to the important role missionary work to reach those played by Geneva in the Reforma- sections where no organized church tion. The religious freedom ac- is located. corded by S wit z e r I and for centuries has given the seed of the There is plenty of field for such Reformation ample opportunity to activity without giving any justigrow and develop into a sturdy fication to the charge of proselyttree. ing. Even Catholic statisticians do not place the number of prac- The Fight in France ticing Catholics at more than one fourth of the population. The In France these conditions are French evangelical churches are not present. The Protestants there aggressively missionary. Such orform a minority of one million in ganizations as La Societe Centrale a population of forty million, and Evangelique, La Cause and La of the million Protestants one Mission Populaire Evangelique are third are German-speaking Luth- rendering heroic service to bring erans of Alsace. Furthermore, the the Gospel to the masses which are Protestants of France are widely now out of touch with any and all scattered. Of the ninety depart- churches. In addition, the French ments of France, there are only churches are recognizing their rethirty where there is any appre- sponsibility for the spiritual welciable Protestant popUlation. In fare of the 2,845,000 immigrants two governments there is not a from central and eastern Europe single Protestant church. The old who have flocked into the indushistoric Huguenot congregations in trial centers during the war. The the south of France are breaking Paris Missionary Society is the up with the migration of their agency of the French churches for young people to the urban centers. the conduct of missionary work in. The Protestant minority is scat- seven fields in South Africa, tered all over France and is becom- Madagascar and the French coloing more scattered every day. To nial possessions, and its work combe sure, more than 80,000 Protes- pares favorably with that of any tants have been gathered into the foreign missionary agency in the churches which have been built in world. Paris, but thousands of others were lost to the Church when they French Protestants are the spirleft their peasant homes. itual heirs of the Huguenots. They are ever conscious that it is their Under such conditions, the Prot- duty to maintain liberty of conestant Church is faced with a fight science against oppressive authorfor its very existence. It must ity. They feel that the massacre of three thousand Protestants at minh;ter to a diasl)ora, and keel) Toulouse, and the exploits of Ad- miral Coligny and the Prince of in touch with those Protestants Conde, did as much for French who have moved into a Catholic freedom as Washington did for the or irreligious environment. To offset the inevitable losses incident

PROTESTANTISM IN LATIN LANDS

liberties of America. The seventy more grimly persevering in their thousand martyrs who fell after religious views. They number over St. Bartholomew's day are as dear 40,000 souls, over half the total to them as are the Scottish martyrs Protestant population of Italy, and or the men who died at Bunker are to be found not only in their Hill to their countrymen. With ancient stronghold in the Walden- a revival of interest in the Catho- sian valleys, but all over Italy. In lic Church on the part of many their missionary work in the towns and a continuing indifference to all and cities of Italy, the Churches religions on the part of the masses, of the Valley are aided by friends the Protestant Church feels that from abroad, of which the Walden- it has a real mission in France. sian Aid Society of the United It is called upon to witness and States is the most generous. Free contend for liberty of conscience speech, free press, free worship, and freedom from state control of spiritual independence and the religious organizations. And it is open Bible, are values which Italy also clearly called to spend itself and Christendom can ill afford to in the effort to bring the now un- lose in these days of reaction and churched millions under the sway dictatorships. This historic Prot- of Christ. That this can be done estant Church is rendering a great without bitter controversy, the service to the entire Italian people.

French Protestants are demon- Interest in Belgium strating. They distinguish between persecution and opposition at the In the other Latin countries, polls, between intolerance and hon- Protestantism represents not so est disagreement. An observance much an indigenous, historic body, of these distinctions by the author- but the result of the missionary ities of Rome would do much to and evangelistic work of Protes- relieve the tension of the religious tants of other lands. Protestant- situation in France. ism in Belgium was almost wholly In Papal Italy destroyed by the Duke of Alva, when 40,000 Protestants died as Although Italy harbors the Su- martyrs and 500,000 were exiled.

preme Pontiff within her borders, In such a manner was the "unity and is thought of as an essentially of faith" secured in Belgium and Roman Catholic country, Protes- maintained until early in the nine- tantism wields an influence in the teenth century. With the restora- intellectual and spiritual life of tion of religious liberty under the people entirely disproportion- Joseph II, pastors from Holland ate to the numbers in its member- and Germany entered the land to ship. The Waldensians constituted restore the Protestant faith. In the earliest Protestant movement. the hundred years which have in- This small, compact group ante- tervened the numerical progress dates the Reformation. Perse- has not been astounding, the total cuted, hunted down and restricted number of Protestants in Belgium throughout their history, they being but 35,000 at the present have been scattered, butchered and time. But the influence of even almost destroyed time and again, this small group is remarkable, only to reorganize and appear considering the intolerance of the more numerous than ever and past. In 1923 a great demonstra-

was held in Brussels commemo- can ideals in other than strictly rating the martyrdom of two Luth- religious fields, allied with a hos- eran monks who had been burned tile Anglo-Teutonic culture having at the stake four hundred years commercial and political objec- before. The procession of 3,000 tives and innately repellent to peo- Protestants led by 75 of their min- ples of Mediterranean stock. It is isters made a great impression up- said that Protestantism has been on the populace, which promises definitely rejected in Spain itself much for the future, for in Bel- and therefore it is alien, hostile, gium as in other Catholic Latin dangerous and impotent through- countries there are evidences of out the Latin world. It is clear that a deepening interest in religion something must be done to estab- and a revolt against narrow and lish definitely the fact that the intolerant clericalism. Protestant Reformation has a mes- In Isolated Spain sage to Spain as valid as that to Germany and England, a Spanish Spain, isolated as it is geograph- message, from Spaniards and di- ically and culturally from the rest rected to Spanish Catholics. As of Europe, 'and with the terrible Protestants we do not admit that background of the Inquisition, was the Reformation was a strictly the last European country to tole- German rebellion against German rate Protestant teaching. It was abuses in the German Catholic not until the middle of the nine- Church. Such is not the fact.

teenth century that the beginnings Spain had its Luthers in the 16th of Protestant work were made century, good Catholics who sought there. In 1876 religious toleration, to bring their beloved Church out but not religious liberty was of the slough into which it had granted. Religious liberty does fallen. The watchword of the Re- not exist in Spain even to-day. formers, "Back to the Bible," led Evangelical work in Spain has to a new examination of the orig- been carried on since that time by inal sources and the improvement various foreign missionary agen- of translations, and in Spain the cies in Germany, Holland, Great first Polyglot of the Bible was pub- Britain and America, which have lished. The Bible was translated established schools and churches into Spanish ninety years before throughout the land, and are grad- Luther's German Bible and one ually winning their way with the hundred years before the English people despite medireval intoler- version of Tyndale appeared. At ance and oppression. its beginning, the Reformation was The religious situation in Spain warmly welcomed in Spain by has assumed new importance in clergy and laity alike. Several recent years owing to the ascend- bishops, many friars, nuns, prom- ency of Spanish influence in Latin inent writers and scholars, aristo- America and the immediate bear- crats and common people accepted ing upon the evangelical work the Reformation. Spain produced there of the religious situation in one of the great Reformers, Juan Spain. The attempt is being made de Valdez, for a time one of the in Latin America to brand Prot- teachers of Calvin. According to estantism as alien to the Latin history he gathered around him soul, opposed to Hispanic-Ameri- more than three thousand prom-

inent men and women, bishops, gained little foothold in Portugal, friars and priests, representing the total number of Protestants the most noble and illustrious fam- not exceeding 5,000. Recent ob- ilies of Spain. In short, the Ref- servers report a great field open ormation did take root in Spain for the Protestant Church along and found congenial soil there un- the lines of religious education and til uprooted and cast out by the practical philanthropy which have Inquisition. been neglected by the Catholic It is the task of present-day Church.

Protestants to make these facts Protestantism in Latin America clear to the Spanish people. Even is almost entirely traced to mis- within the Roman Catholic Church, sionary effort on the part of for- there are not lacking evidences of eign agencies, mostly American.

a trend in this direction. Dr. Tor- With the Roman Catholic Church rubiano, who has insistently advo- decadent and impotent as nowhere cated a new Reformation within else in the world, there is no ques- the Catholic Church, and who is tion of the need for the influence essentially evangelical in spirit and of evangelical Christianity in these point of view, has gathered about countries. The Congress on Chris- himself a large following. He is tian Work in South America held constantly insisting upon a more in Montevideo in 1925 revealed an liberal interpretation of religion Evangelical Church that has come and a more definite application of to have a recognized place in the Christianity to practical problems. life of the continent. In recent To take advantage of such fav- years it has grown encouragingly orable trends, the forces of Prot- and in consciousness of its mission.

estantism must be united, active But it.is now plain that the prog- and progressive. Fortunately the ress of the Gospel in Latin Ameri- various bodies have now united to ca is wrapped up with its progress form an International Spanish in other Latin countries, partic- Evangelization Committee and this ularly in Spain.

committee plans to organize a Un- General Observations ion Theological College for the training of workers and in order Even such a cursory survey of to strengthen its educational and the situation must reveal the fact evangelistic program at every pos- that the influence of Protestantism sible point. For the time being, in the Latin world is not nearly the work in Spain will be depend- so negligible as is popularly sup- ent in a large measure upon sup- posed. At least it is working as port from abroad, but if vigorously a leaven. Two general observa- prosecuted now it should develop tions may be made concerning the great strength and occupy a strong general religious situation in the position not only in Spain itself Latin world. The first is that the but in the entire Latin world. dominant religion, Roman Cathol- In Portugal and Latin America icism, is far different in its op- eration and its influence than in Aside from the excellent work North America. If the influence carried on by the British and For- of the small Protestant groups can eign Bible Society for the last bring about a reformation of the forty years, Protestantism has Catholic Church in the Latin world

It will be a magnificent achieve- order to let its precious fruit ripen ment, for it is difficult to conceive in the sunshine. It needs the strong of the Kingdom of God being fur- trees of the Reformation churches thered by the type of religion that in order to live and work." And is now being offered by the dom- the Reformation churches will inant church. continue to be strong and sturdy trees in the garden of the Lord In the second place, the Church not by dwelling upon Protestanthas been cast aside by such mul- ism so much as by centering their titudes of Latin peoples that there attention upon the Kingdom of God and His righteousness. is a wide open field for the Protestant Church to minister to people There are no racial characterin tragic need of spiritual food. istics which render the acceptance of Protestantism by the Latins im- But the future of Protestantism possible. The Protestant interprein the Latin world is dependent tation of the Gospel and the upon the so-called Protestant coun- Protestant idea of the Christian tries. As one observer puts it way of life have gained too much ground in Latin countries to jus- "Protestantism in Latin countries tify any such assumption. is not a strong and sturdy tree. It rather resembles the vine which winds itself from tree to tree in CHRIST THE SIN-BEARER " H E BARE OUR SINS"-l Peter 3: 21. No interpretation is fair that does not admit a load: "The Lord hath laid on him the iniquity of us all.'' The fifty-third chapter of Isaiah, whence these words are drawn, suggests the elements in this vicarious burden bearing: 1. Human in appreciation–despised and rejected of men. 2. Constant contact and close acquaintance with grief. 3. Actual personal bearing of grief and sorrows. 4. Chastisement due to human sin and guilt. 5. Outrage and insult borne even when judicially tried. 6. Identity with transgressors in accusation and doom. 7. Final pouring out of His soul unto death on the cross.

In the second chapter of Philippians we find infinite humiliation ascribed to Him-the depth of which can be realized only by understanding the height from which He descended. This can be illustrated, perhaps by that Alpine lake which in depth is equal to the height of the mountain that rises beside it. He, the Prince of Life, actually came under the power of death.

Incident to His humiliation was His identification with the sins and sorrows of the race. He was daily and hourly in contact with them. This can be measured only by knowing the agony of infinite sensibility to the slightest approach of evil-a sensibility undulled and unblunted by any sinfulness within.

The Omniscient One saw the awful wreck and ruin of the moral condition of both the individual and society. To Him there were no veils or disguises. He pierced to the core of being, and knew what was in man. He saw the hollow and shallow shams of formality and hypocrisy, the dead men's bones in the whited sepulchres, and the enormity and deformity of human sin and satanic malice. He bore this sin for us.

ARTHUR T. PIERSON.

'rIlE CONGREGATION AT THE CHURCH OF THE DIVINE SAVIOliR. LOS

LINKING THE TWO AMERICAS BY REV. CHARLES A. THOMSON, San Francisco, California T HAT narrow strand, which along with us and we with them? the maps label "The Isthmus What will the future say? of Panama," looks inherently Robert N. McLean in his recent inadequate to tie together the two book "That Mexican"* provides us great land masses to the north and with the answer to our questions.

south. Yet it does the job in spite The volume is indeed welcome, for of its insignificance. The unimpos- it comes at a time when renewed ing figure of the Mexican laborer, interest in Mexican questions, and resting on his shovel as we pass, the possible restriction of Mexican may not loom large before our eyes immigration have turned the spot- or our mind. But for better or for light of our interest southward worse, he is linking the two Ameri- once more. For the past dozen cas. years the author has superintended He comes from the "other the Mexican work in the Southwest America," south of the Rio Grande. of the Presbyterian Church (U. S. In his veins flows the blood of both A.) Indian and Spaniard, the two races While abundant literature has that have peopled Latin America. been available on Mexico and her He is a toiler, a man of the people, many-faceted problems, little has and so essentially a more repre- been written on the Mexican in the sentative ambassador than the United States. Jay S. Stowell and high-hatted diplomat. In Mexico Vernon M. McCombs have made he began his life, but he is living valuable contributions in this lat- it in the United States. Can we ter field, but to it their books were see through him our neighbor to largely limited. It is the unique the south more clearly? Perhaps; value of the present volume that but to do so we need first to under- it sets the stage with both back- stand the Mexican here. ground and actor. The Mexico What kind of a person is he? which has fashioned our immigrant How has he been made and is painted with vivid colors. But moulded? What gifts does he bring the actor and his movements on to us? What problems? How many the American scene are not forof his family now dwell in the United States? How will they get in; ·;Ih¥t~~':1~X~~:;;~a!~.be~i2~· UcLean. Fiero· 619

gGtten-;–we see Juan Garcia as he functiGn. But increasingly it must stand Gn its Gwn feet. As Dr. Mc- ,;:earns his bread and establishes his Lean says: home on American SGil; we watch "Just now the things which are most popular in Mexico are Mexican institu- him meet Mr. J Gnes and are led tions, Mexican ways, and Mexican cus- toms. There is a revolt against every- to. ponder hGW the acquaintance thing foreign; and Mexicans are protest- ing against foreign religions, whether will result – in understanding they be directed from Rome or from Fifth Avenue in New York." friendship or in entrenched aver- This new nationalism has elec- sion. trified every phase Gf the natiGnal life. It has fGund its missiGn in The land system Gf Mexico, ac- the uplift of the common man Gf Mexico. To. safeguard his health, cGrding to. Dr. McLean, has played determined attacks Gn tuberculosis and diphtheria are in prGgress. a basic role in the making of Gur The Department Gf Health claims during the year 1926 to have vac- Mexican. cinated against small-pox three million people, or Gne fifth Gf the "The system introduced by the con- populatiGn. querors immediately divided society into two classes, ten per cent composing the "The brightest spot in the Mexi- autocratic, governing group, ninety per co Gf tGday is its educational ac- cent the slaves bound to the soil. To this tivity," said Pro f e s s 0 r John iniquitous organization, Juan Garcia Dewey, after a recent visit. Not owes all his ills, social, economic, spir- unnatural is his enthusiasm, for itual. Juan Garcia is ignorant, because the principles of educatiGn which learning was ~hought to be unnecessary he has preached are now being for one who labored only with his hands. practiced throughout Mexico. In Little better than a beast of burden, he the 3,500 rural schGols established lived in hovels, and became the prey of during the last fGur years, the ill-health, immorality, high infant mor- project method is in full swing. tality and all the evils which follow poor For the first time in history the housing. He lost the initiative of a free schGol is becoming common in man, because the system removed the Mexico. And anyone who. would chances of success; and his masters, sense some of the thrill Gf it all, through the constant habit of command- can well read the stGry Gf our ing, lost the spirit of cooperation and of author's trip to Tlascala. group action. Mexico's problem is economic, not political; and two of its Let it not be assumed that the important phases are ignorance and worker himself has had no share arrogance." in the winning of these new GP- portunities. Through the Grgan- Passing over the interesting ref- ized labor mGvement, the "C. R. O. M.," which numbers frGm a million erence to the religious struggle in to. a milliGn and a half members, he has fGrcefully demanded his Mexico., we note Gnly that one re- chance at the better life. His repre- sentatives nGW sit high in the sult nas been the removal of large councils of the government. He numbers Gf ecclesiastics from Mex- ico to. the United States; and the parochiai schools of the Southwest have prGfited.

"In Amarillo, Texas, a recent survey disclosed the fact that in the public school in the Mexican quarter, there were enrolled twenty-three children, while in a four-room bungalow a few blocks away, one hundred and fifty were crowded, re- ceiving instruction from the sisters of the Church. The principal was an American woman, and she was assisted by three Mexican nuns. The nuns must be put to work, and they are busy teaching in Spanish the children of the Mexicans."

The cause of Protestantism in Mexico. goes forward. Its ministers have registered and are allGwed to

LINKING THE TWO AMERICAS

is not being hoisted from above, point our author, after twelve he is helping to lift himself. Through his struggles, wages are years resident study of the probhigher and hours shorter. Says Dr. McLean: "The people have lem, speaks thus: more money, they dress better, have more to eat, enjoy more rec- "A personal knowledge of hundreds of reations and amusements, while Mexican cases convinces one that these everywhere is the insatiable hun- people do not in large numbers.return to ger for education." Mexico; and of those who do return most are soon convinced of the superior Crossing the Line opportunities for labor in the United States, and within six months or a year Such is the newer Mexico. The are again found moving north. Said one condition of the worker has ma- who was questioned if he was ever going terially improved. But still he feels back: 'Mexico is indeed my "patria." I love her; but my children want to stay here, and I shall remain with them.'

"It will take a generation for Mexico to set her economic hous~ in order, and by that time, the roots of the Mexican colonies in this country will be deep in THE NEW BUILDING OF 'l'Hm CHRIS'l'IAN cmNTER AT SAN BERNARDINO, CALIFORNIA and often finds that "over the our social and economic soil. We might, border" may be something better, therefore, just as well content ourselves and so he crosses the line. We with the conviction that what was once follow his journey to and through part of Mexico is now part of America." the immigration station. He meets the sharper and the labor agent Dr. McLean believes that a miland finally finds a place on track lion and half is a conservative figor ranch. ure for the total number' of Mexicans or people of Mexican A warm dispute is now in prog- parentage now living in the United ress concerning the number of States. Mexicans resident in the United States. Employers of labor who A Chamber of Commerce spokesare dependent on the Mexican and man recently discovered that "The anxious to allay any fear about a Mexican is inherently a nomad, possible problem, proclaim that little prone to rooting himself." eighty per cent of the immigrants Dr. McLean points out that our return to their homeland. On this American economic system has considerable to do in making Juan a gypsy. He is wanted only for a

seasonal job-on the railroads, in ifornia, the cotton of Texas, the the beets, among the oranges and beets of Colorado, the copper mines cotton, for many another crop- of Arizona, and the railroads which and when the season is over, his bind all together, unitedly plead job ends. Then he must travel, if their dependence on the Mexican he is to find more work. And so the school of necessity, and it is laborer. an American school at that, teaches Now for the other side. "Those him to roam. favoring restriction argue," says The cost of it all is clearly the author, "that industry wants sketched. When a laborer is forced the Mexicans numerous and hunto spend one third of his time look- gry-numerous so that the wage ing for work, only a fool would scale may be kept at a minimum expect him to boast of a bank-book. and hungry so that Juan Garcia If he must live on wheels, a settled will not bicker about the condihome is impossible. The school, tions under which he is to work." the settlement, the church he drives Restriction will benefit the Mexipast, but may not enter in. "Ob- can resident here, as it has already viously," writes the author, "if in- improved the lot of the European terested in the post-war idea of immigrant. 'Americanization,' our system of casual labor is the very worst that Limitation would also be in accould be designed to accomplish cordance with the best interests such a result." of American life, it is stated. The Mexican, coming from a more The restriction of Mexican im- primitive social status, brings with migration is now being hotly de- him standards of housing and bated. Shall we limit it as we have health and burdens of ignorance already done with the movement and superstition, which make him a from Europe? "What about the retarded and problem group in any quota ?" is a question h ear d American community. The present throughout the Southwest and to large stream of this immigration which the author devotes a chap- spreads the difficulty without perter. The Box Bill, introduced into mitting an adequate attack upon it. the last two sessions of Congress, A restrictive policy would afford would cut down Mexican entries such an opportunity. to approximately 1,500 a year; in contrast to this, let it be remem- The author attempts to point bered that during the last five years toward a solution which recognizes almost sixty thousand Mexicans both sides of the question. H~ have crossed the border annually. states: The employers of the Mexican are unitedly against any restric- "It is indeed true that to cut down tion. "The South has had the Ne- Mexican immigration at one fell swoop gro," they say, "the North and from 66,000 to 1,557 would deal a body East the European immigrant, and blow to industry and transportation . . . we must have the Mexican. With- Suddenly to close the door to this labor out him no future areas can be re- supply would be disastrous; but some claimed for irrigation and our plan must certainly be worked out wherepresent acres will go back to the by industry can be conserved without desert." The seasonal crops of Cal- incurring the social perils which un- limited immigration involves."

Obviously any social policy should be founded on all the facts available. He accordingly calls for a commission, appointed by Can-

gress, with adequate powers and can never take the place of mansupport, to make a full study of the to-man understanding and helpfulmigratory labor problem as it con- ness. The ultimately Christian cerns the Mexican. Upon the basis approach is that of the American of the information discovered, a who greeted eight Mexicans work- "gentlemen's agreement" could be ing upon the street-car tracks with worked out with Mexico for a wise the cheering salutation, "Good limiting of the immigration flow. morning, gentlemen!" One, more learned than the rest, explained While these suggestions are open the meaning of the word "gentleto various questions as to the po- men" ; and when the American litical character of the commission returned from his walk, his mentioned, and the exact form of salutation was returned with the a Mexican-American agreement, grace and the courtesy of one genthey do signalize a constructive at- tleman who recognizes another. tempt to attack the problem fairly and intelligently. This book treats not so much the missionary program for our im- Such an approach should cer- migrant as the environing factors tainly make for better friendship which condition it and him, too. on and across the border. The It does, however, make patent a author's final plea is that Mr. Jones fact sometimes pigeon-holed-that take the trouble to know Mr. Gar- foreign and home missions are but cia. Churches, settlements and phases of the same enterprise. schools can do their work, but they AMONG THE MEXICANS IN THE SOUTHWEST T HE Spanish-speaking population of Mexican extraction in the United States is estimated at 1,750,000. This population is con- centrated chiefly in five southwest states: Texas, New Mexico, Arizona, Colorado, and California. However, since the passage of the present immigration law, placing all European immigration on a quota basis, the tendency of the Mexicans to move into the middlewest and eastern states, wherever there is a demand for unskilled labor, has been greatly accelerated for the Mexican is not subjected to a quota restriction.

There is the large number of Spanish-speaking people who have lived for several generations north of the Rio Grande, chiefly in New Mexico and southern Colorado. These native-born Spanish-Americans constitute a third of the total. There are also the recent immigrants from Mexico who began to come in large numbers after 1900, and increased greatly during the war; now, under the new immigration policy, the tide is at its flood.

Mexicans, as a rule, make very satisfactory workmen and the most important industries of the Southwest are to a high degree dependent upon them. Given reasonable opportunity they make good citizens. Taken as a class, however, their presence in such large and increasing numbers raises many serious questions in respect to health, education and economic well-being. Illiteracy, superstition, disease and the evils attendant upon a generally low standard of living are problems everywhere present.

Religiously, this population presents a challenging opportunity. Nominally Roman Catholic, a large proportion of them are religiously adrift and are not served effectively by any church.

NECK

By HARRIET R. KING 'UNTIL last spring, Crooked given and they would make re- Neck Charlie had lived a newed efforts to draw Charlie back wild, heathen life. He en- under the fetters of peyote.

tered into many of the Kiowa vices, With decision he answered, "No, and above all, he was a strong de- I am trusting the God of Heaven." votee of the Kiowa god peyote. He Then in the presence of those attended the peyote feasts, ate the strong peyote leaders he knelt peyote bean with the accompany- down and asked Christ to help him ing results of "visions," and all cure his little girl of the disease, sorts of sensations. The inevitable and to make him strong to resist bad effects on mind and body and temptation. The next day, still soul followed this terrible habit. trusting implicitly in his Heavenly He was held in captivity by the Father, he took little Kathryn to drug peyote as strongly as though the Indian hospital where she was held by iron chains. given every care. As a result of this trust and faith, combined with Then, one day, when he was out an earnest effort to give her the in his field alone ploughing, the best medical attention, Kathryn is still, small voice of God spoke to now running about with other chil- Crooked Neck Charlie. Charlie sur- dren, happy and growing stronger rendered to Christ his whole life all the time. Her favorite song is and everything he possessed. The "Since Jesus came into my heart," transformation which has taken and Charlie invariably asks for place in him is one of the miracles this one when he chooses a song. of this day at Rainy Mountain His face always softens with emo- C,hurch. His face and appearance tion as he thinks of the miracle and his whole life are transformed. that was wrought in his life through Jesus' coming into his Charlie is constantly going out heart. after others, hUngering for the opportunity to lead them into this Several times since then, the new life. Recently his small peyote leaders have asked to have daughter, Kathryn, was taken se- a peyote feast at Charlie's home, riously ill. The peyote leaders came, demanding that Charlie let them but Charlie will have nothing to do give her the drug which, according with it. If there are any who do to their words, would surely cure not believe in modern miracles, her. Charlie would also be required their faith will be strengthened to eat of this when the feast was by Charlie's experience.

"The great missionary crusade must be carried on with unfaltering courage, and fought to a finish. The churches will play their part as in the old days, and suffer no poverty, or care, or private grief to divert them from the accomplishment of the sacred task to which they are called, and their devotion to which is their paramount duty and their highest privilege."-H. Arnold Thomas.

624

OF MODERN

BY REV. CHARLES T. RIGGS, Constantinople, Turkey I N THE short period since 1903, so-called armistice period, when to Greece has radically changed. the excited Greek mind all her am- It was then a limited mon- bitions of a "Megali Hellas," or archy, and had been for over sev- Greater Greece, seemed about to enty years, since the election of burst into fruition. But that burst Otho of Bavaria as its King in was a bubble, not a blossom; and 1832. It is now a republic, with the disillusionment brought sad a regularly elected President and consequences on the country. The a Parliament, and is contemplating ancient Byzantine Empire was not the establishing of a Senate as an to be revived. Constantine was upper House of Legislature. But never to be crowned as Emperor this change in the form of govern- in Saint Sophia.

ment is perhaps the least important One result of the Balkan War of the recent changes. was the tardy recognition of the There is a greater independence loyalty and true nationalism of the than a quarter-century ago of the Evangelical Greek community. For Orthodox Church of Greece from many years there had been a small the Patriarchate of Constantinople. Evangelical church in Athens, and The Holy Synod of Greece, under one each in Piraeus and Volo; but the leadership of the Metropolitan they had been persecuted as un- Bishop of Athens, acts for itself, patriotic renegades; whereas in especially since the reduction of the work of the Red Cross and the Ecumenical Patriarchate under kindred welfare enterprises they the Turkish RepUblic to a position showed such zeal and faithfulness of no special importance. In na- that the country gained a new idea tional ecclesiastical affairs, Greece of Evangelical Christianity. Since steers her own course. then the whole attitude of the peo- Furthermore, as results of the pIe toward the Evangelicals has Balkan wars and the World War, been very different. No longer are Greece has grown territorially by the chapels stoned and the members the addition of large sections of persecuted and derided.

Macedonia, Western Thrace, and There has also been a great the islands of Crete, Samos, Mity- change as to circulation of the lene, Chios, Lemnos, and smaller Scriptures. While it is true that islands. Most of the population a clause has been put in the Greek thus acquired was already Greek Constitution forbidding the circu- in language and culture, and the lation of any translation of the Old increase of area was therefore an or New Testament, even into mod- actual gain in strength. But each ern Greek, yet this is not enforced, war brought disappointment as and the more liberal cabinets have well, as the full ambitions of actually aided in such circulation.

Greece were not realized. Especial- More and more of the clergy are ly was this true of the disastrous reading the Bible in their own Asia Minor campaign during the spoken language; and the sales of 625 2

the Bible Societies show a gratify- time importance. Such growth in ing increase in the past ten years twenty-five years is unprecedented over any previous similar period. in the East; but it seems to be permanent. These poor refugees But the outstanding fact in the have dug in, and most of them are past ten years has been the deluge now self-supporting and have real of refugee immigration, due to roofs over their heads, covered at events across the Aegean. This least with tar paper. culminated in the wake of the aWful Smyrna disaster of September, Among the Asia Minor refugees 1922; and within a few weeks in Greece are about fifty thousand Greece found herself compelled to Armenians, the majority of them receive and care for more than a in and near Athens; they are rapmillion unfortunates, most of them idly becoming Greek citizens, for Greeks from Asia Minor. By wag- most of those who preferred (and on and on foot from eastern were able) to migrate to Armenia Thrace, by steamer and sailing have already done so. The revessel from all parts of Anatolia, mainder of the more than one milthey crowded in on all parts of lion are Greeks. And this new Greece, usu.ally utterly destitute, blood is doing wonders already for and hopeless and heartless after this ancient nation. They have what they had been through. Many brought a new vigor and energy, of them spoke only Turkish, though and new trades and business abilof Greek blood and Christian faith. ity, to a country that was in danger Many were utterly unsuited to of fatty degeneration of the heart. their new environment. The Government has publicly rec- ognized the debt that it owes these Naturally these refugees congre- immigrants, and it has done much gated around the great cities. The to help them get established and growth of Athens and its environs started. Those capable of agriculhas been phenomenal. In 1833, ture have been placed in villages when Dr. Elias Riggs arrived at on the best farming lands in Macethe new capital of the recently lib- donia, where the tobacco crops has erated kingdom, it had less than wonderfully increased in value as 5,000 inhabitants; and its port, a consequence. Rug manufactur- Piraeus, had but a few hundred. ers from the regions of Smyrna There were then only two carts and Oushak have brought this reor wagons to be hired in the city; munerative industry across, and and, being unable to secure these, made Greece an actual competitor the new missionary had to find with Turkey for the rug trade. horses and camels to convey his goods up the seven miles from With the refugees from Asia Piraeus to Athens. Seventy years Minor, there came over into Greece later, in 1903, the capital had a number of the American Board grown to a city of 160,000 souls, missionaries, to help their friends while Piraeus numbered about 60,- make the new start along evan- 000. Today, with the bewildering gelistic and educational lines. They influx of refugees of the past six were first of all relief workers, in years, these combined cities have those days, working heroically over a million inhabitants. The night and day to secure tents and city has gone ahead of Constan- bread for these unfortunates, and tinople, both in size and in mari- to start industries among them.

GLIMPSES OF MODERN GREECE

The Greek Government recognized refugees the church work that has the need of this service, and ex- been organized has thus far been pressed its gratefulness for it. under the temporary oversight of Larger tents were procured for American missionaries, since the church and school, Bibles, hymn- people have not been able to take books, textbooks, benches, and over full responsibility. But an other primary necessities were arrangement has been recently found; and thus for a second time made with the Armenian Evan- the missionaries were thrust into gelical churches of America where- Greece for active work without a by this field is to be progressively deliberate choice on their part. turned over to them as their par- The first time had been during the ticular missionary enterprise. The Balkan wars, when Greece cap- missionary work will consist of tured the mission station of Salo- schools and whatever efforts nat- nica and incorporated it in her urally emanate from these as kingdom, thus bringing into the Christian centers. Medical work country several missionaries who among the refugees has been ef- had never dreamed of serving in fectively carried on under the Greece. American Women's Hospitals, Two full-fledged stations of the with whom a few missionaries American Board were thus estab- have been cooperating. This work lished by strange fate in Greek ter- is temporary and will eventually ritory, without any plan on the be turned over to native agencies.

part of the Board. The greatest Very hopeful spiritual move- need for foreign aid was seen in ments are springing up recently the educational line; and in this within the Greek Orthodox Church.

the Americans were eagerly wel- Two distinct organizations are comed by the Greek Government. starting Sunday-schools in that And while fear of politi~l propa- church; these have much to learn, ganda has made Greece very un- and may have hard sledding before willing to give permISSIOn to they are really established, but Italian or French or other foreign they are beginning. There is more schools to open in Greece, a special preaching today in the Orthodox law was passed allowing schools churches than ever before, and of that had been operating in Turkey better quality. The writer re- for a certain length of time to cently attended a preaching serv- establish themselves in Greece. ice in the large Metropolitan Ca- This has opened the way for the thedral in Athens, on a very chilly American College at Salonica, the Sunday during the Carnival, when American Junior College for Girls eight hundred or more people sat at Athens, and the School of Reli- or stood through a fifty-five minute gion at Athens. sermon by an able priest, intent to For many years the Greek Evan- get his message despite the fact gelical Synod has been in charge of that there was no way to heat the the evangelistic work among building.

Greeks; and it has been deemed There is also more sale for spir- best to throw upon this organiza- itual literature than ever before.

tion the responsibility also for One comparatively new religious such effort among the refugee pop- weekly has now 42,000 subscribers, ulation. Among the Armenian and the number is on the increase.

All such movements are cordially Greece a million human derelicts, welcomed by the missionary, but has scattered the seed of evanhe finds it difficult to cooperate gelical truth in many most unexwith them because of the jealous pected places. Here and there are suspicion of the authorities of the found small bodies of earnest Established Church. The name Christians who meet for services Protestant is anathema, and must and who read and circulate the be carefully avoided if any work Bible. One can hardly estimate is to be done inside the Orthodox the possible consequences of this Church. Yet alongside this, the for the whole of Greece. With a Greek Evangelical Church body few educational centers at which has been recently at last officially missionary influence may be felt, recognized by the Greek Govern- and with indigenous zeal and effort to extend the spirit of the ment; and its zeal and spiritual Gospel everywhere, and with inforce should be an incentive to creasing freedom for the circulatheir Orthodox brethren to come up to them as a moral and religious tion of the Bible, what may not power. the result be, in making this nominally Christian land more as The tremendous upheaval in it really ought to be! Asia Minor, that hurled over into WHY SHOULD 11 I. Why Should I Study Missions?

1. Because my education is sadly deficient if I am ignorant concerning the most important work in the world.

2. Because a study of missions will increase my faith in Christ. Missions is God at work.

3. Because I cannot otherwise grasp the full mission of the Church. 4. Because I cannot discharge my duty without informing myself on the subject. 5. Because I must be intelligent on missions in order to stimulate others. 6. Because I need this study as a preparation for my own life service.

II. Why Should I Give to Minions?

1. Because it is the best paying investment of money. 2. Because of the joy and blessing that come to the giver. 3. Because I am a steward of the money that God has intrusted to me. 4. Because I am put to shame by the liberality of converts from heathenism. 5. Because it is God's will that missionaries should go, and that I should help to send them. 6. Because I am grateful to God for what He has given me. 7. Because men are suffering from sin and souls are dying that I may help save them.

III. Why Should I Pray for Missions?

1. Because the world needs prayer. 2. Because missions have always prospered as believing prayer has increased. 3. Because God has conditioned the success of missions on prayer. 4. Because the missionaries and converts ask for Christian prayers. 5. Because I am told by Christ to pray. 6. Because the prayer of faith is answered. 7. Because Christ is praying for those for whom He died.

IV. Why Should I Be a Missionary?

1. Because Christ is the only Saviour. 2. Because multitudes have not heard of Him and are -dying in their sin. 3. Because doors of opportunity are open. 4. Because the cry for more helpers is _urgent. 5. Because Christ says, "Go ye." 6. Because Christ gave up everything that I might be saved.

Adapted from The Outlook of Missions

OF 'l'HE PHE SBY'l'flllI. N }IlSSlON, POrN'I' BARROW, AJ,ASKA

ROMANCE AND REALITY IN ALASKA BY REV. A. J . MONTGOMERY, D.D., New York Presby t erian Board of National Miss!ons M ISSIONARY work in Alas- mystic interest came the days of ka is unusually attractive the great gold rushes, Klondike, on the one hand and more Fairbanks, Nome, Iditarod and than ordina~ily difficult on the oth- others. These were true American er. Has any other field of mission- epics ·of action, of wealth acquired ary operations so much with which overnight and often as quickly lost, to appeal to the imagination of of unspeakable hardships and of Christian benevolence ? The era of sublime courage. In addition to discovery and exploration which all this our Northland has in itself flies the flags of Spain, France, an appeal which grips the imagi~ Britain and Imperial Russia, world nation of all. Its jewelled nights, powers of the eighteenth century, vast spaciousness and mighty siis a colorful record of adventure lences ·seem to challenge the attenand daring. The long ~olphjaJ ten~ tion of those who have never had ure of Russia cannot be classed as the good fortune to live in the even a passable political experi- witching land. ment but it has furnished the One of the many difficulties in- world with the ground work of herent in missionary work in many a stirring tale. Following Alaska is the vast geographical the Russian occupancy with its spread of the country. It lies with- Oriental splendor and opulent, in meridians 130 west and 173 east 629

longitude and between parallels 51 grandest scenery in the world. and 72 north latitude. Its area is Perhaps its scenery ought to be about 590,000 square miles which listed as Alaska's greatest asset. is one fifth that of the United Even with the present transporta- States. Its coast line is six times tion one may behold fiords equal in as great as that of the United beauty to those of Norway, glacial States. The main mass of Alaska systems so extensive that those of is, speaking roughly, a great rec- Switzerland pale into insignificance tangle. On the north it looks out in comparison and as the piece de over the polar expanses of the Arc- resistance, Mt. McKinley, the tic Ocean and on the south over mightiest mountain of North the Gulf of Alaska. Attached to this America in height and impressivegreat terrain are two tail-like ap- ness. pendages, one bending to the south- For extensive missionary operaeast, Southeastern Alaska, the tion the variations of climate consmall segment which the ordinary stitute still another and most seri- tourist sees, the other the Alaska ous difficulty. A little less than a Peninsula which is continued in quarter of the area of Alaska lies to the Aleutian Islands swinging far the north of the Endicott Range out into the Pacific J apanward. of Mountains. This region. is ex- The proximity to Asia is seldom posed to the rigors of the polar thought of and therefore should be winters. One church maintains specially stressed here. On a clear several missions along the littoral day the East Cape of Asia can be which is sealed by the polar ice seen from Cape Prince of Wales. pack for about eleven months of How many have realized that the the year. The reader will appreoldest and the newest continents ciate the real difficulty here when are actually only an eye glance dis- he is informed that supplies can tant? There are not a few who reach these missions by boat only believe that before the dawn of once a year if and when the ice history successive streams of im- recedes temporarily from the migration fro m Asia entered shore. Mail is carried by the sup- America at this particular point. ply boat in August and three times The baffling problems of trans- during the long winter by dog portation are another serious dif- teams. This region may, however, ficulty not only for missionary be disregarded for the purposes of operation but for economic, social this paper. It is most important and pioneering efforts as well. It to recognize clearly that Alaska is is a land of many islands, of tow- not an Arctic province. Fully threeering mountain ranges, majestic fourths of its territory is within rivers, great valleys, boundless the North Temperate zone. Two tundra plains, resting on the Pa- distinct climatic belts are distincific and Arctic Oceans and Bering guishable. The fringe upon the Pa- Sea, the point of contact being a cific and its waters has high shore line serrated by fiord, inlet, precipitation, cool summers and sound, bay, canal and gulf. While mild winters. Crossing the coastthis makes transportation of all al mountains one enters a characsorts including aviation the despair teristic Rocky Mountain climate, of the engineer, yet incidentally with scant rainfall, hot summers there is furnished some of the and cold winters. It need not be

ROMANCE AND REALITY IN ALASKA

pointed out that climatic condi- Hydas and Tsimpshean. Among tions very materially affect the rate the Thlinkets there are important of progress by which a virgin ter- intertribal variations which need ritory may be reclaimed. not detain us. In the Alaska Penin- Still another factor that adds to sula and on the Aleutian Islands the difficulty is the evidence of ar- are the Aleuts. In the interior are the Tinneh Indians, of Athabascan kinship. From the delta of the Kuskokwim and the mouths of the Yukon northward to Point Barrow and east are the Eskimo, with trib- al and dialectical variations. Al- together these native races number about one half of the population, or 25,000. One cannot be impressed by the numbers, but one must be LEAVING WAINWRIGHT FOR A PREACH- appreciative of the patient mis- ING SERVICE sionary spirit that has never been daunted by the complicated probrested industrial or community de- lems of race, tongue and culture. velopment. The difficulty does not arise so much out of the wastage involved as out of the psychology which it creates. He who has seen the wreck of an abandoned mining camp, or an abandoned army post, or the ship boneyard at St. Mich- eal, for example, is qualified to cal- culate the retarding effect of such sorry spectacles. It is true that the pioneering venture of necessity involves waste in planning, in ef- fort and in dollars, but in Alaska with its sparse population and high transportation costs these remind- ers of forlorn hopes or of better days tend to retard present devel- opment.

StilI another difficulty presents itself in the complex of racial, trib- al, linguistic and cultural varia- tions. The simplest type of work MARRJO, ONE OF THE ~lLDERS AT is among the whites and yet for WAINWRIGHT reasons already indicated this work The purchase of Alaska from is far from easy. It is when we the Imperial Russian Government undertake to evangelize the native was made in 1867 yet almost a races that the real quality of the seore of years passed before the task becomes apparent. The na- United States attempted to set up tives of Southeastern Alaska are a form of civil government. From of thre!;l ctlf'itinct tribes, Thlinket, 1867 to 1877.government was nom-

inally in the hands of the War De- the Secretary of the Interior partment. For two years it was through the U. S. Bureau of Edu- given to the Treasury Department. cation were restricted to the main- Then from 1879 to 1884 the re- tenance of schools for "Eskimos, sponsibility was reposed in the Aleuts, Indians and other native Navy Department. On May 17, people of Alaska."

1884, Congress established civil There have thus been created by government. action of Congress in this territory The condition of the native races two systems of education, one for when the country passed into the native races directly under the Fed- political system of the United eral administration, the other for States was thoroughly deplorable. whites and placed in charge of the It is a well-known story and may territorial government.

be summed up here in the words: The U. S. Bureau of Education gross immorality, savagery, brutal- conducts day schools, industrial ity, witchcraft and extreme degra- schools, reindeer schools, coopera- dation. The need of education was tive stores, hospitals and provides deeply felt, consequently the first medical relief and special instruc- act of the first missionary at Fort tion in sanitation in behalf of the Wrangel in 1877 was to establish natives. This work, in spite of al- a Christian school for the instruc- most insuperable difficulties, is be- tion of native children. Other ing done efficiently on the whole mission schools followed. The first and with commendable skill and public schools came, as one would sympathy. The Bureau employs a expect, with the establishment of force of six superintendents, about civil government in 1884. Under 170 teachers, eight physicians, the provisions of the Act of Con- twenty-six nurses and maintains gress the Secretary of the Interior 86 schools with an enrollment of appointed a general agent of edu- almost 4,000. At present there are cation in Alaska who administered three industrial schools located at and supervised all public schools White Mountain, Kanakanak and until 1900, when because of the Eklutna which are doing a whole- growth of certain communities and some piece of work in preparing the need for some form of local native youth for the duties of school control Congress passed an civilized life.

act providing for the incorporation The territorial educational sys- of such communities as cities and tem for "white children and chil- setting up, among other things, the dren of mixed blood leading a civ- machinery for the support, man- ilized life" is in charge of a com- agement and control of city schools. missioner with headquarters at Five years later the so-called "Nel- Juneau. The number of schools son Act" was passed which pro- administered by the commissioner vided for the establishment and is in excess of eighty, with about support of schools in communities 220 teachers and an enrollment of outside of incorporated cities, the about 4,500. The high school en- same to be "available to white chil- rollment is near 600. The terri- dren and children of mixed blood torial educational system heads up leading a civilized life." At the in the Alaska College at Fairbanks.

same time the Federal appropria- This institution is an agricultural tions for schools administered by college with a school of mines and

provides a four years' course of in- the same time when they witnessed struction leading to the B.S. de- the atrocities practiced on suffergree. Thus it will be seen that ing people by the medicine man Alaska is trying to solve the ele- they vowed his undoing. The mental problem of furnishing every United States Bureau of Educayouth an adequate education. The tion assumes responsibility for changes that have taken place in medical service for the natives. the last two decades have generally Their hospitals are planted at made for more stable modes of life. Noorvik, Akiak, Kanakanak, Tan- This has given new opportunity ana and Juneau. During the seafor home building; consequently son of open navigation on the while the present population .mark Yukon a medical boat with doctor is at low ebb still there are more and nurse is maintained. Mission children in the territory than ever hospitals are maintained by the A BIRD'S EYE VIEW OF THE CHURCH TAKEN 'rUE DAY OF THE DOG-'l'EA~I PICNIC before. In addition to the splendid Methodists at Nome, Episcopalians provision made for public educa- at Point Hope, Fort Yukon and tion there are a small number of Wrangel, Roman Catholics at Holy mission schools doing creditable Cross and the Presbyterians on the work. The Presbyterians main- tip of the continent at Barrow. On tain the Sheldon Jackson Training the whole it will be seen that laud- School for natives at Sitka, the able endeavors have been made to high standards of which are felt care for the sick. far and wide, and the Episcopalians have boarding schools for In- From the inception of missiondians at Nenana and Anvik, to ary work it was felt that somemention no more. thing should be done for native orphan children. Their condition It has already been made plain then was pitiable in the extreme. that the pity of the first American The territory makes certain local missionaries was elicited by the deg- provisions but it has been left to radation of the natives and their the denominations to assume this practical response was schools. At ministqr. Th~ Met~Q(;Usttl have

consolidated their work into the Aleuts. The Tinnehs of the in- Jessie Lee Home at Seward. The terior are regarded as the sole re- Presbyterian orphanage is at sponsibility of the Episcopalians. Haines. The Moravians maintain The Moravians have the sole octhe Kuskokwim Orphanage. The cupancy of the work among the Baptist institution is on Kodiak Eskimos living at the mouth of the Island. Kuskokwim. The Catholics are working among the Eskimos living The churches were not as slow in the delta of the Yukon. The to undertake work in Alaska as the Methodists and Episcopalians have Federal Government was to take up each an Eskimo mission station at the task of civil government. In Norne and Tigara village respec- 1877, ten years after Seward's pur- tively. The California branch of chase, the first missionary arrived the Friends has extensive Eskimo in Alaska at Ft. Wrangel in the work on Kotzebue Sound among person of Mrs. A. R. McFarland the coast-dwelling Eskimos at who was initially sent out by the Kewalik, Buckland, Kotzebue and First Presbyterian church of Port- Kivalina and also on the Kobuk, land, Ore. Practically all the lead- Noatak and Selawik Rivers. This ing denominations are now repre- great mission heads up at Kotzebue sented in the work. where the superintendent lives. The Presbyterians reach the Eski- The work among the whites is mos at Cape Prince of Wales, St. characteristically home mission Lawrence Island, Wainwright, pioneering with a large plus of pe- Barrow, Point Barrow, with exculiarities. However, it is, as seen tension work projected as far east in the large, a healthy investment as Demarcation Point. The purof missionary service and is sure to pose in giving this list in geographyield gratifying returns in the es- ical terms is to demonstrate that, tablishment of the Kingdom of God as in the case of work among the on earth. Overcrowding and com- whites, these enterprises represent petition are not unknown, still practical territorial allocations of there is enough undivided parochial responsibility as yet noncompetiresponsibility on the part of the tive but needing to be restudied in churches to insure vigorous growth the light of greater efficiency, safeand development. The present sit- guarding interests already estabuation, however, good as it is in lished and especially for devising general, ought to be studied with practical ways of dealing with care by an association of the areas not yet touched. churches, like a home· missions ,council, with the future in view. It is unusually refreshing to study the history of the missionary The missionary work among the enterprise in Alaska. One soon native races has been undertaken comes to understand that the day by the various denominations with of miracles in missions is not never a thought of comity or al- passed. Out of terrible degradalocated areas and yet, on the whole, tion and darkness both of mind and this haphazard method has up to heart, people have been lifted into date worked out advantageously. the sunlight of modern Christian The Presbyterians are practically experience. One day on the shores alone in Southeastern Alaska. The Methodists once seemed to be will- of the Arctic Ocean an old Eskimo ing to accept responsibility for the

ROMANCE AND REALITY IN

handed me a stone knife and ex- though he is in body, he is the plained through an interpreter that leader of his people in business, in when he was a boy metal was all village government and in Chrisbut unknown among his people. tian development. Most of the na- That was a voice from the "Stone tives are kindly, alert and respon- Age." Later on that very day I sible. Their great present problem saw his son, who is a reindeer is that of the development of leadherder, a man of property and an ership from their own ranks which educated Christian. In other in the next generation may lead words it is just one generation out these young native churches from the stone age to our modern into fresh acquisitions of grace, industrialized civilization. There power and usefulness.

~'HE SUNDAY SCHOOL OF THE PRESBYTF;RIAN CHURCH AT SKAGWAY are many villages of native peoples The mISSIOnary situation in in Alaska with Christian homes, Alaska calls loudly for a council of with culture, education and com- the responsible missionary leaders fort. These represent the substan- and administrators to evaluate the tial triumphs of the Gospel. Per- work already done and to take such haps the two foremost such vil- steps as may be had to direct the lages are Tigara and Barrow. In course of the work for the future. personality there has been as Such a council should be held in might be expected the same kind of Alaska. The need for such a gathdevelopment. Edward Marsden, ering should be laid heavily upon the native leader, stands for all the hearts and minds of the responthat is best in the rapidly unfold- sible leaders of the churches having life of his Tsimpsheans at Met- ing large native missionary interlakatla. To take another example, ests. Alaska is a land of opportu- Joe Sokonik at Kavilina. Crippled nity with great need for Christ.

WOMAN'S RIGHTS IN

A Plea by One of Them A MONTHLY periodical, Re- "In modern democracies, the simli Ai (July, 1927), pub- right of citizenship belongs to lished for Turkish readers every individual without distinc- this plea for the still submerged tion of sex. But if a woman is not womanhood of the Republic: considered a person, she is de- "Sabihe Zekaria Hanum had a prived thereby of all these rights.

case in the courts where an official (According to present law), the of justice refused her the right of Turkish woman may not testify; testimony on the grounds that neither may she become a trustee; Turkish law still refuses to accept further, she may not even inter- the testimony of women. Sabihe fere in community affairs, where Zekaria Hanum is the editor of a the social and hygienic life of her review and ·is engaged also with children and of herself is greatly the preparation of a 'Children's concerned. If she has not a father Encyclopedia.' Sorely affected by or a husband, she is doomed to fail such treatment at the hands of the in the struggle of life. Because the law, she has written the following head of the family is man, she is article under the title: AmI Not not a person, but instead an en- a Person? cumbrance, living as a, parasite on "I Inlow the restrictions of the the man and on society. As to her old law, but I was expecting that political rights, they are denied to the new Civil Code would grant us her.

at least the right of testimony. "I want my right as a human This event has shown me clearly being before my right of voting. ( that society still has no confidence want the right given to the orin me as a woman such as it has in dinary man in my status as a peran ordinary man. Women are not son. I want my right of guardianconsidered as persons in (Turkish) ship of my own children after the society. In the sight of the law, death of their father. the minds of women are equal only to the minds of children . . . "Every citizen has a right in the affairs which concern the general "Society has given me the right life and the progress of the counto publish a Review and an Ency- try. I want my right of vote in clopedia but it has not accepted the the activities of the municipality fact of my being a thinking be- which deal with the health of my ing … children and of my country. I want the right of expressing my "The Civil Code has given many views. As I have a duty and rerights to women, for which we are sponsibility towards this country, grateful. It has given us the right so it in turn, is obligated to give to hold property; to become certain rights to me. I want from teachers, physicians; in short, the the law nothing less than the right right to assume such status as pre- of full citizenship." supposes our being intelligent and thinking persons. Consequently, (Signed), it cannot say that it cannot trust in our words. SA~IlIE ZEKARIA HANUM.

6SG

AS A MISSION

BY REV. COLIN G. YOUNG, D.D., Toronto, Canada Associate Secretary of the Board of Home Missions, United Ohuroh 0-1 Canada OTHER undertakings may be struction given to James McGregor very necessary for the wel- as early as 1786: "Aim not to fare of Canada but none make anti-Burghers but Christouch so vitally the springs of the tians." The magnitude of the nation's life as the effective preach- undertaking helped to break down ing of the Gospel of Jesus Christ sectarian barriers. The common on the frontier. That frontier may task and the common achievement brought the divided forces of the be the fringe of settlement in the Protestant Church close together farthest outlying community or the on the frontier. It is largely due crowded streets of a great city, but to united effort, also, that Canada to permeate the life of every com- has been preserved from the munity with the Spirit of Christ is triumph of evil. The real problems the only way to ensure strength for of life at the outposts and in the future generations. crowded centres of population have emphasized the importance of Canada has been looking back the truth and life that are shared with pardonable pride over the by all Christians. steady growth toward nationhood since the Confederation of the Various Undertakings provinces in 1867. During this period the Christian Church, as represented by all the denomina- The population of 9,500,000, tions, "lengthened its cords and scattered over the northern half of strengthened its stakes." Since the continent, presents problems the beginning of the twentieth cen- as difficult and diverse as have ever tury the expanding demands of been faced by the Christian Church.

growing cities and new outposts The field of activity extends from have taxed the resource of all Bermuda, Newfoundland and Lab- Christians. For decades the immi- radar on the east to Vancouver gration into Canada was three Island and the Yukon on the west. times as rapid, in proportion to its No church ever had a more expopulation, as during any similar tended, a more complex or a more period in the United States. inviting home missionary under- This practical necessity of pro- taking. viding gospel ministry to a great In addition to the North Amercompany of new settlers paved the ican Indians on whose behalf large way for larger cooperation among sums of money are expended the evangelical denominations and yearly, there are representatives of eventually led to a union of three more than sixty-eight different naof them and the strong probability tions who look to the Church of the of more to follow. The missionary new land for spiritual instruction pioneers of all denominations, al- and guidance. To meet this diverse though they naturally felt the pull need the Gospel is preached in more of denominational ambition, yet than twenty-five different lanfor the most part followed the in- guages, not counting the various 637

Indian dialects. All the larger de- both residential and day, the facilinominations share in this splendid ties for doing the work have imenterprise upon which the future proved very much of late years. of Canada so much depends. Due almost entirely to the vigi- lance of the missionary in intro- Indian Missions ducing and enforcing modern methods of caring for the sick, the The white man first made him- health of the Indian is now well self known to the Indian, not as the cared for and the total Indian messenger of the Cross but as a population is not diminishing as it man of business. The first settlers' once did. thoughts were of furs, not of souls. A day of awakening came early, Extended Fields however, and some of the most heroic achievements of missionary New communities always mean history are found in the endeavor sparsely settled districts where the to give the Gospel to the "Red people live long distances apart Man" of Canada. Bishops of the and make the work of the mission- Church of England such as Mach- ary correspondingly difficult. All ray, Bompasand Stringer, pioneer the churches have appointed minmissionaries of the Methodist and isters to large areas in their desire Presbyterian Churches such as to meet the need of these outlying Young, Evans, Rundle and Mc- settlements. In the Cariboo in Brit- Dougall, Black, Nisbet and Robert- ish Columbia one worker covers son, have set standards of sacri- an area as large as all the Marificial service never surpassed in the time Provinces but the whole popinterests of any cause. Great ulation numbers only about 5,000. credit is also due to the Church of England for the notable work done Visiting these widely scattered by its missionaries among the families and gathering them into Esquimaux of the north. No other little worshiping groups make church cared for this lonely and great demands upon the missionvery needy people. Without the ary's time and strength. On a trip Church's help hundreds would to one of these outlying points one have died of starvation and with- missionary held four baptismal out religious instruction. services and baptized eight chil- dren on one afternoon. Over the The churches have an under- week-end he held two regular standing with the Dominion Gov- preaching services and baptized ernment dividing the responsibility twenty-seven children, some of for the education and the religious them eighteen years of age and instruction of the Indians among yet they had never before attended the various denominations. Al- a church service. This missionary though the process of evangeliza- has twenty-seven preaching station has been slow and the results tions and twelve Sunday-schools. sometimes very disappointing, yet He keeps the "light of Life" burna number of outstanding leaders ing in many homes which otherhave come forward whose Chris- wise would be dark, yet he is only tian character is the proof of the one of scores of men and women faithful ministry of devoted mis- who cover large areas as bearers of sionaries. As the Government has the "Glad Tidings." provided the school equipment, On the broad prairies where the

1!l28} CANADA AS A MISSION FIELD

land is marvelously fertile the de- dezvous Island. For ten years Mrs. T. velopment of a mission into a self- had not been once off the Island, which is perhaps a mile long and one-half wide. supporting congregation is often A 'neighbor' woman would come in an rapid. A few years of persistent open boat from fifteen miles away to help her when her babies were born. When effort bring quick returns. Conse- first I called I found the children had quently in some of the newer prov- had no schooling and the oldest was fif- teen years of age. They have now a inces the Church is already firmly little school attended by four T.'s and four other children who row six and established. eight miles to be present. Off-hand I Under the care of the Canadian could name two score of other families whose appeal is much the same as these." Protestant churches, where statistics are available, there are about Traveling libraries are intro- duced and about one hundred of 3,000 aid-receiving charges. In these are constantly on the move to bring intellectual stimulus to each of these there would be an hundreds of little groups.

average of three preaching sta- To fulfil this ministry these tions, or a total of between nine brave missionaries endure all kinds of hardships by land and sea. God and ten thousand places where re- alone can measure the results in lives inspired and redeemed ligious services are made possible through their never-failing sacrithrough the home missionary en- fice.

terprise of the various churches in French Canadians Canada. For over one hundred years the Protestant churches of Canada Marine Missions have been interested in the evan- gelization of the French Canadians. On the Atlantic and the Pacific Many of the earliest settlers who coasts little mission boats go up c&me to Quebec were Protestants of Huguenot extraction. Their lot and down, seeking out the lonely was a difficult one and increasingly so with the coming of greater numsettlers, the fishermen, the loggers bers of French Roman Catholics. From the beginning Protestant and the lumbermen. Between 40,- services were held and many French people were attracted to 000 and 50,000 people are sought this simple form of worship. Dur- ing all these years the work has out in this way and the service gone forward with varying suc- cess. rendered is at once unique and far- Large, well-conducted boarding reaching in its effects. One mis- schools, accommodating 600 or 700' children, have been established by' sionary writes, as he relates an ex- several denominations and affordl excellent opportunities for educaperience at one port of caB: tion and for contacts with the Prot- estant community. Home schools "I had a capacity house and a most have also been located at several appreciative audience. They had come from 'the uttermost parts' of the Island by trail and boat. Six babies lay asleep on shawls on the floor during the service. Everyone else was wide awake. I had no need of eloquence to hold their attention but their evident eagerness to follow my thoughts brought from me the best I had. I spoke for more than an hour. The meeting lasted two hours. I do not know how much longer they stayed after the benediction. It was 'a great occasion' for them. They told me that mine was the second religious gathering that had ever been held on the Island and that I was the first Christian minister of any kind that had ever been in their homes. This Island lies out in the Pacific only fifty miles from the city of Vancouver.

"One family, Mr. and Mrs. T., with their six children, lives seventy-five miles farther up the coast on the Upper Ren-

convenient centers and help to im- steadily separating themselves part religious education. from the synagogue as a place of Important congregations have worship. Reports show that from grown up and are exercising a 8010 to 8510 of the Jewish people liberating influence on the thought are rapidly becoming unchurched.

and action of the French com- Fully seventy-five out of everyone munities. Outside all Protestant hundred of the children are al- churches and yet attributable to lowed to grow up in ignorance of them is a great body of young peo- the Jewish religious beliefs and ple of French extraction, with practices. '

highly trained minds, who are fear- Since the Great War the Jewish lessly seeking the truth and are population, in many countries, has finding the way to real spiritual enjoyed a freedom of thought and freedom. of action never before experienced.

The Problem of the Jew In these areas the Jewish mind has opened and Jewish professors and Wherever the Jew has settled in rabbis of the liberal type are com- any part of the world he has cre- mending the New Testament, even ated new problems, political, social, preaching from it and declaring economic and religious. Some Jesus to be Israel's greatest ethical countries, in attempting to solve teacher. A still more "liberaliz- these problems, have adopted ing" movement in the Jewish com- methods of repression. In most munity is being led by James instances the Christian Church has Waterman Wise, the only son of done little but look on and has Rabbi Stephen Wise, of New York.

acted as if there was no call of This young man is already called Christ to bring the Gospel to His "A Jewish Martin Luther." In a own. Had the Christian Church book recently published he says, been more active there might be no "Our faith must be reexamined.

Jewish problem today. The in- Reverently and with love we must fluence of these people is out of all search into the truths of our fa- proportion to their numbers. They thers but resolved that where they have attained positions in finance, are for us no truths we must deny commerce, industry, science, phi- them; where they are half truths losophy, law, politics, statecraft we must alter them; and where and in the press, enabling them to ourselves can catch a glimpse of mould thought and public opinion yet unseen truths we must not fail and to influence the life and des- to follow the gleam." For these tiny of nations. and many other reasons the time These facts indicate the vital im- is most opportune and the urgency portance of the Christian educa- very great to evangelize the Jew.

tion of the Jew to the life of the The churches in Canada have a whole world. The problem of the number of successful miSSIOns Jew is religious and the Church among Jewish people, but the in- must approach the task from the direct method of influencing them practical and not merely from the has proved most effective and thou- sentimental point of view. "The sands of young Jews are being Gospel, the great Solvent" must be born into a wider and fuller life.

applied as never before. As a In Montreal there are 76,000 Jews, group the Jewish people are in Toronto 60,000, in Winnipeg

CANADA AS A MISSION FIELD

16,000 and in all of Canada about looked for another country where 170,000. The number, the oppor- they would have both land and lib- tunity and the obligation grow erty. They began to emigrate to steadily. Hundreds of Jewish chil- the United States and to Canada dren are now in Sunday-schools and when the number had grown and other young people's activi- sufficiently "The Pacific Confer- ties but more aggressiveness should ence of German Congregational be shown in teaching the way of Churches" sent the first mission- the Christ unto these wonderful aries who set up congregations. In people and especially unto their the new land they have prospered.

children. The pioneer shack has given place The Russo-Germans to the comfortable farmhouse. Their religious fervor has not A fairly large company of people abated but difficulty has been exwho were legally Russian citizens perienced in finding qualified minbut who are descended from Ger- isters. This is being overcome so man colonists in Russia have made that this interesting people is their way to Canada. The older likely to make a substantial contrimembers of this group still speak bution to the religious life of Canthe German language. Their story ada.

goes back over one hundred and Extensive and effective work is fifty years to the reign of the also being done in well-established famous but wicked Empress Cath- missions among Orientals, Italians, arine II of Russia. A Prussian Bulgarians, Polish, Scandinavians, princess by birth, her marriage Finnish, Ukrainians and other was intended to strengthen the ties groups. Many of these groups, between Russia and her native having turned away from the traland. She undertook to settle the fertile lands of southern Russia ditional churches of the old lands, with German colonists, who were are sadly neglected and are prepromised land and religious free- senting the most inviting fields of dom. They settled north of the home mission enterprise. To teach these peoples the best things of Caspian Sea and between this and the Black Sea. As the Russian Gov- life in a way that will lead them inernment recognized only the Luth- to the place of real Christian faith eran Church the state appointed and spiritual liberty is a glorious task. ministers for these colonies. These ministers were state officials rather The Church of All Nations than religious men and the people One of the most recent methods suffered accordingly. Many were of solving the difficulty of provid- naturally religious and in the long ing gospel ordinances for these periods between the visits of the various racial groups is the organ- clergyman, and often without his ization of the "Church of All Na- knowledge, great revivals took tions." In the city of Toronto, The place. Moody and Sankey hymns United Church of Canada has were translated into their language added to its missionary equipment and were sung with great fervor. this most interesting experiment The religious freedom promised which so far has proved eminently them was curtailed and eventually successful. Years ago one of the was taken away, so that they largest and most influential con- 3

gregations of the former Meth- verse nationalities who have been odist Church of Canada met in the hitherto neglected. Racial congre- Queen St. West church. The pass- gations established for some years ing of the years changed the com- and now housed in this building plexion of the district. The Eng- have increased their attendance lish-speaking community gave three-fold. A real attempt is made place to the representatives of to demonstrate the fact that "God more than thirty different nation- has made of one blood all the na- alities who were for the most part tions." without a church home. The old At fifty or more centers across building was remodeled and en- Canada these missions are establarged, providing two fine chapels lished and minister in a most seating 300 or 400 each, many club- unique way to this cosmopolitan rooms and a large well-equipped population. The enterprises of the gymnasium, in short, the most up- Boards of Home Missions of the to-date equipment for a real com- Protestant Churches of Canada are munity center. The direction of thus seen to be of the most varied the work is under a Canadian-born character. A real attempt is made minister of The United Church and to fin up that which is lacking in associated with him are five other the religious life of any community. ministers of the following nation- In addition to preaching "the alities: Bulgarian, Finnish, Uk- Word," which must always be rerainian, Scandinavian and Hun- garded as of first importance in garian. These have each his own missionary effort, other important racial service. In the evening all activities are undertaken. Splengroups meet in a common service didly equipped hospitals are mainconducted in the English language, tained ; school homes on a large although the hymns are sung to- scale bring the possibility of edugether in the different languages cation within the reach of hunto the same tune. More than any dreds of children. These and other other undertaking this has caught agencies commend the Gospel of the imagination of the Church and Love to peoples from all over the in this has been found the most ef- world, all of whom understand the fective means of providing reli- language of kindness Il.nd sacrigious services for peoples of di- ficial service.

HOME MISSIONS OF THE PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH IN CANADA BY REV. W. A. CAMERON, B.A.

Assistant Secretary of the Board of Missions, Presbyterian Olturclt in Oanada The work of the women's mis- settlement houses in neglected sionary societies of the Presby- areas in our cities and two Reterian Church in Canada is mainly demptive Homes for the befriendof an institutional nature carried ing of those who have sometimes on in hospitals, school homes and been much more sinned against through the agency of deaconesses. than sinning. To it also is left, as The General Board maintains two its main work, the supplying of the

gospel privileges to needy places, hundred and seventy-five homes east and west. Of the 1,268 preach- being on the mailing list. Two ing places in our church, 591 are new mission fields are being opened dependent on the Board of Mis- this spring as a result of this work sions for the appointment of their of discovery. missionary or for financial assistance. A number of these have The oldest home mission work in been weakened temporarily either Canada was among the Indians of by the loss of members or the loss the west. This is still being carof property during the church ried on. The latest development is union struggle. Many fields cover taking place in the new north, in a large territory and consist of sev- the mining districts of Northern eral preaching points under the Ontario, Quebec, Northern Manidirection of one missionary. As toba and Saskatchewan, and in the most of these are in new territory great wheat areas of the Peace they are strengthened by the ar- River country, lying north of Edrival of new settlers, largely monton. The Presbyterian Church through immigration. has appointed students for the summer to prospect in these dis- Six port chaplains are also at tricts for the hidden gold in the work, two in Ireland and one in lives of men. No work is more Glasgow, whose duty it is to be of truly following in the footsteps of assistance to those who leave for our Master. Canada. Three are at various points in Canada who not only wel- A large number who are now come these immigrants on their ar- making their homes in Canada rival but help them to adjust them- have come from lands where Engselves to the new conditions. To lish is not spoken. Our church is minister to these, or to keep in taking a share in the task of protouch with them in their new claiming Christ to those of eight homes, presents a very serious different nationalities: (1) scatproblem. This is being solved tered French families in the Provthrough the agency of the Sunday- ince of Quebec; (2) Chinese in school missionary who travels in a various centers, among whom van, supplied with Sunday-school eleven workers are giving full-time helps and illustrated papers. Last service, four of these being Chisummer one of these workers cov- nese; (3) Jews in Toronto; (4) ered seven thousand miles, organ- Italians in Montreal, where there ized twenty-six new Sunday- are three congregations with a schools, of which nineteen were combined membership of 225 and meeting in schoolhouses and seve:q with 200 children in the Sundayin private houses. In addition, five schools; (5) Hungarians in nine hundred children remote from any centres, east and west; (6) Uk- Sunday-school were enrolled in a rainians in three cities; (7) Scan- Home Department for the study of dinavian far mer s, woodsmen, the Bible. Three hundred children fishermen, and miners; (8) Perwere found whose parents wished sians. The work of ministering to them to be baptized. During the so many varied nationalities is winter months five hundred and abundantly worth while as a part fifty-nine children were being sup- in the task of making and keeping plied with lesson helps by post, one Canada Christian in thought and outlook.

AMERICA'S GREATEST

TO EGYPT BY REV. WAHBY BOULUS, Sannoures, Egypt EGYPTIANS are not so much Coptic Church and even the street indebted to America for m~r- boys are not forgotte~ in this chandise and other materIal great movement. The Invaluable benefits but many of us are very help such schools are now render- deeply indebted for the work of ing is beyond calculation.

American missionaries. They have Egyptian women also have done much to evolutionize Egyp- found their greatest friends in tian life, and in many ways have American Christian educators.

contributed to progress. They have found their liberty and They are ambassadors of love new life. Egypt has great possi- and sympathy, and in their schools bilities with an open Bible and have been developed democratic this Book is helping to reform the ideals based. on Christian prin- old Coptic Church.

ciples. They have also taught the Missionary medical work has Gospel of Chr~st. . presented a wide field for se.lf- In AlexandrIa, Tanta, CaIro, As- sacrifice and a center for serVIce siut and all up the Nile Valley one to humanity. In Assiut and in finds the indelible impression of Tanta hundreds of thousands have these great American institutions been treated and have returned, -especially of Assiut College. uttering words of gratitude. Dr.

Had it not been fo.r this college Henry stands out as a distin- alone, many EgyptIans who are guished character possessing all now the light of their country the virtues of a Christian minister might have been renegades or vag- and Dr. Grant of Tanta has be- abonds. Young men have been come widely known and greatly snatched from dark homes. Now beloved. Other missionary pio- they are possessed of the light of neers have not considered their knowledge and truth, and are dif- lives dear unto themselves in their fusing light to their fellow coun- desire to offer salvation to the trymen. Egyptians.

In the village where I am now America's greatest contribution a pastor more than two hundred to Egypt has been the men who you~g men, former students of the have come here to serve humanity, Assmt College have come a1l:d.com- to uplift character, and to make pose a group of useful cItizens. known Christ as Saviour and Lord. Thirteen are pastors; others are lawyers, doctors, teachers, or busi:"

ness men. The money was well Arabic Scriptures had a total circula- I·nvested in their education for it tion of 1,200,000 copies during the last brought forth a high percentage of twenty years. About one-tenth of the character and men. whole output have gone to Moslems, which is much. Osmanli-Turkish Scrip- The work of the Sunday-schools tures have all gone to Moslems during is also finding its way into the old the same twenty years in a total of 150,000 copies.

644

CHRISTIANITY IN

BY REV. ALBERT G. MACKINNON, M.A., D.D., Rome, Italy Minister of the Presbyterian Ohurch T o APPRIZE the forces dom- happened is that Mussolini has dis- inant in New Italy one must covered the soul of his country. understand its maker-Mus- At heart, through all the ages, solini. That is not easy, for the there slept the spirit of Imperial evolution of the man is not yet Rome. Mussolini found in the old complete. He has impressed his fasces the "Open Sesame" which ideas and will on a nation by a penetrated through the walls of strength of character and determi- centuries and made the dry bones nation that ranks him as one of rise and live. The Italy which the world's greatest leaders, but has awakened to a consciousness what the ultimate goal will be it of itself has some of the delight- is doubtful if even he himself fore- ful freshness of youth. It is full sees. Fashioned on a rude anvil, of energy and ambition. Fascismo he tasted the bitterness of poverty has harnessed fervor to action: it and imprisonment. The fire of has given ambition a goal, and pa- patriotism in his soul, which has triotism a vent. The dash of Italian been the passion of his life, early character has carried the country began to weld the hard experiences with a rush into its new-found of youth into a fierce determina- possession of unity and power.

tion to make his country a better Time only will prove whether push place to live in and to clear all will be backed 'by perseverance.

self-seekers from positions of au- Has the spurt staying power?

thority. He naturally gravitated The best minds in Italy think towards Socialism; but when he that it has. There may be modifi- had to choose between it and pa- cations in time, but Italy will nev- triotism he was loyal to his first er go to sleep again. It has and abiding love, that of country. awakened, rolled up its sleeves, and Lenin upbraided the Italian Com- set itself to put its house in order.

munists with having lost their Housewives are not over-gentle chance when they allowed such a when the frenzy of cleaning is up- man to leave their ranks. "It is on them, and many a mere man a great misfortune that Mussolini has to complain that his household is lost to us," he wrote. "He is gods have been sacrilegiously fin- a strong man who will lead to vic- gered. Yet when he sits once again tory his party. You have thrown in comfort the sense of purity is away the card which wins the more than compensation. There trick." is a purifying agency at work in His prophecy proved true. Mus- Italy to-day.

soHni could not be suppressed. He How does all this affect Chris- came to the top, and to-day Italy tian work? That is the question presents at first sight a puzzle to we have to answer, and in general the casual observer. It is trans- terms the response is easy. Social formed, reanimated. What has discipline, order, high civic ideals 645

are all conducive to the formation about his private opinions, has of an atmosphere helpful to Truth publicly emphasized the imporin its highest form. Italy just tance of religion in the State. He escaped a catastrophe which would is naturally too preoccupied with have been disastrous to Christian- the affairs of government to probe ity. Bolshevism was about to deeply into the nature of religion break through the guard of civili- itself, and therefore accepts the zation. The pressure from Russia form in which it has been prewas bending the line of resistance; sented to him. He has had little its red flag was vaunting itself opportunity to come into close on the very streets of Rome; its touch with evangelical thought and doctrines were warping the souls forces; but he does not disown the of its citizens, when Italy produced place and work of the Evangelical the man who by a magic word ral- Church in Italy, and acknowledges lied its moral forces. The breach the good it is doing in the formain the dam was stopped, the flood tion of character, which he conwas stemmed; and, in as true a fesses must be the basis of true sense as in Flanders and on the citizenship. Piave, Europe was saved a second time. This outlook tends to put the mind of the average Italian, where Let us pass in review: not hampered by prejudice, into a sympathetic attitude towards the The Forces Helpful to Evangelistic appeal of Truth. It is my frequent Work habit to attend the evening serv- ice in the Waldensian Church in This awakening in the State has Rome, and I am always impressed had a repercussion in the religious by the large and attentive congresphere. It is a period of intensive gations. These are not composed germination. New ideas are evolv- of regular members, but are repreing and taking form in laws. While sentative of the man-in-the-street. the region of this activity has so A considerable number of Roman far been political it has produced Catholics drift in there because of an alert mind which cannot be con- the growing desire to know the fined within the frontiers of the Truth. One cannot come away State. This is all to the good. from these services without feel- Fascism may yet have its parallel ing very hopeful for Italy. in the religious domain. My own belief is that it will, and that noth- Another satisfactory feature in ing can check it. Meantime there the present situation is the reis undoubtedly a deepening of in- peated assurance which the Fasterest in spiritual matters, and a cist Government has given that restless spirit of. inquiry. Books religious liberty will be mainon religious subjects are being tained, and that it will safeguard more largely read, and among the the rights of all denominations more thoughtful there is a tend- which have a recognized claim to ency to question the superstitious its protection. teaching of the Roman Church. Many of its practices will not be Three years ago when Senator able to withstand this new search Luzzatti was writing a book on the for truth. "Relation Between Church and State" he called in my services in Mussolini, while I know nothing connection with his chapter on the

EVANGELICAL CHRISTIANITY IN ITALY

history of Scotland. Although taking root. A revived interest once Liberal Prime Minister of is manifest in the Word of God Italy and thus in himself the ex- and many incidents have come to ponent of a statesmanship which my knowledge of how a single copy was now superseded, he yet ex- has changed first one life and then pressed absolute confidence in the a whole home. Secretly the leaven new regime to preserve liberty of of the Word is acting and prepar- conscience and worship, and the ing the way for the preaching of rights of religious minorities. This the Gospel of Christ.

testimony from a Jew, but one Forces Which Oppose known as "The Grand Old Man"

of Italy, carries weight. The There is, however, a darker side shrewdness which lurked behind to the picture. Prejudice which those keen eyes read men and has been entrenched for centuries movements and his assurance on is not easily moved; besides there this point has allayed all fears. are material interests which are Another encouraging feature of threatened by evangelical teach- the times is the drawing together ing. It undermines superstition of the separate forces of Evangel- and all that is built thereon. Hence icalism. There was a period when the fierce attacks which are some- they showed rivalry and even op- times made on the preachers of position to each other; but that the Gospel, and especially on those is past. In Italy many organiza- who distribute the Scriptures. The tions are at work to spread the benevolence of the Government is Gospel in its simplicity, but the abused by those who under the greatest of all is the Waldensian cloak of religion seek to hinder Church, to whose heroism Milton workers of a different faith. It opened the eyes of Europe with sometimes also happens that low- a sonnet. It is the survivor of er government officials interpret thirty persecutions each more cruel in an arbitrary way the intentions than the other, and it has the right of the State.

to call itself the oldest Protestant A strange coincidence can also church in Europe. The best way be noticed. Along with the revived to help the evangelical cause is interest in religion there are de- to do it through the Protestant velopments of superstition. Mir- Church of the land. The present acles attributed to the relics of national spirit of the country re- dead saints seem on the increase.

sents the efforts of outsiders. It I have never seen the "Holy Stairs"

will be a long time before we can in Rome more densely thronged expect organic union between the than in recent years. The voice different evangelistic agencies; which whispered to Luther: "The but the fact that there is now co- just shall live by faith" falls to- operation gives strength to the day on deaf ears as men seek sal- cause. vation by penance.

Another thing that gives ground Perhaps one of the greatest dif- for much hope is the increasing ficulties the evangelical cause has circulation 0 f the Scriptures. to face at present is the lack of Though the ground may still be men and means. After all it is hard, the seed is being widely scat- true that "Not many mighty, not tered, and here and there it is many noble are called." The re-

sources available are very limited. may yet achieve a glory greater Their lack is America's and Brit- than "the grandeur that was ain's opportunity; but the giving Rome." of alien help requires tact. Nothing would be more fatal at the Well-intentioned visitors to Rome present moment than to associate very often, through thoughtlessevangelical effort with foreign ness, place themselves in the catechurches, for in such a case it gory of hinderers. A curiosity would be very easy for the enemy which they excuse as harmless to turn national spirit against it, tempts them to seek for admission and thus raise an insuperable bar- to one of the papal audiences. rier to its advance. All the "audience" there is about this ceremony is getting down on The Evangelical churches in one's knees and humbly kissing the Italy need the prayers and prac- Pope's ring as he passes along the tical help of their brethren in other line of kneeling visitors. The next lands, for theirs is a great task day the pUblication of the news at this moment. The character of that, say, "Three hundred distin- New Italy is still in the making. guished American and British vis- If it can be freed from the super- itors had an audience with His stitions of the past, and its zeal Holiness," may not meet their eyes; for the renovation of the State but it is seen by the Italians, who be joined to loyalty to that Saviour do not understand that the motive whose figure it has worshipped but was mere idle curiosity, and acwhose spirit it has misunderstood, cept it as a vote of confidence in then with that purified vision it the Roman Catholic faith.

AN APOSTLE OF CHRIST IN NEW BRITAIN· BY J. H. MARGETTS, Raluana T HE latest thrust made into people accepted the invitation of heathendom by the church certain Taulil chiefs living nearby operating in the Raluana and settled amid the less exacting circuit has been in the direction conditions on the foothills of the of the Baining Mountains, a wide, range. The opportUnity was imrugged range of heights stretch- mediately grasped by our church, ing right across the Gazelle Pen- and services were commenced insula and lying at the back of the amongst them, only the men atcircuit. Sparsely scattered over tending, standing around, not this mountainous region are thou- moving far from their spears sands of nomads who rank with which they had stuck up in the the lowest types of mankind. ground. Shortly afterwards a Having grown tired somewhat native teacher was sent to reside of their nomadic existence, and in the settlement and soon the first having heard something of the seeds of the Kingdom of God were beneficent results accruing to taking root in the hearts and lives those having heard the gospel, in of the people. 1913 a small company of these Six years ago, amongst those * From The Missionary Review of the Meth. found waiting at the door of the church for admittance was a young odist Missionary Society of Australia.

AN APOSTLE OF CHRIST IN NEW BRITAIN

man named Got. Gently and kind- their ears, then calling them to ly and patiently he was taken in join him in prayer. He would stay hand by the native teacher in his in a place a day or two and then village and taught the way of God continue his work elsewhere. The more perfectly. We then received outcome of these missionary jourhim into the church. At baptism neys was that the Christian settlehe took the name Jeremiah. He ments on the foothills were was taught to read, and in order growing month by month. J ereto know the Word of God he miah was lifting up Jesus as he learned the coastal language, in went along, and He was drawing which the New Testament is men and women to Himself. Those printed. All this time he was an men and women, naked savages, eager hearer of the Word and reg- wending their way down the mounularly attended all the meetings of tains, with their packs and babies the church, and endeavored by on their backs, and their bigger nrecept and practice to lead others babies on their shoulders, to where to the grace he had found and was the native teachers were stationed, so much enjoying. It was thought were souls tired out with life as wise to assist his training by giv- they had known it, who had been ing him admittance into the mis- inspired to new life and energy by sionary's school at Raluana; but the promise of rest to be found in he never reaDy settled down the Gospel of Christ, proclaimed amongst us. His heart was where so earnestly by one of themselves. his home is, away in the mountains. He longed to be back with Jeremiah was afterwards made his own people; so we let him go, an assistant teacher. Up till now knowing that the greatest equip- his work had been principally ment God's servants can have is amongst those of his own tribe, not acquired at the schools. He the Uramat people. Between this became a local preacher and was tribe and the sea are the Mallee the first to proclaim the gospel to people, perhaps the most numerhis tribe in their own tongue. ous tribe on the mountains. We "Missionary," they said later on, were anxious that our work should "until Jeremiah preached to us in extend to these also, and as we our own tongue the Divine light had no pioneer suited to the task we saw was as that of the dawn, compared with Jeremiah, he was but now it is as that of the sun approached. Before many days shining high in the heavens." had elapsed he had left home once more, this time on an excursion It was at this time Jeremiah be- into the Mallee country. In that gan his apostolic tours. Over hill district he lived and laboured for and valley, crossing dangerous several months. The dialect spoken rivers, climbing rugged mountains was a little different from his own, in all weathers he would go, look- but this was soon acquired, and he ing for the people in their rude was able to preach to the people hamlets; not finding them he in their own tongue. What has would go and search for them in been the outcome of these entheir gardens, gathering them to- deavors? Another settlement has gether at night and in the light come into being with a population of the fire telling them the story of about two hundred-all brought of the gospel, so wonderful to into the Church by Jeremiah.

VITALITY OF

BY REV. WM. M. PADEN, D.D., Salt Lake City, Utah 'AMORMON apostle, Dr. James of the faith, the Mormon choir, E. Talmage, writes as if the and representative dyed-in-the- vitality of the Mormon cult wool saints from the various wards were evidence of its claim to be the of the city. only true Church of Christ on earth. The Tabernacle, wtJen it is packed But weeds have stubborn roots; as at conference time, seats about they grow; they reproduce; they 7,500 people. The attendance at spread their species; some of these the regular afternoon services weeds are parasites; many of them averages about 600. "That is not thrive best on poorly cultivated a great showing in a city of 125,- soil. Islam is an older, more 000, one half of the people nondeeply rooted and more widely Mormons," says the visitor. "But," spread creed than Mormonism and replies his Gentile companion, its defenders might use these evi- "you must take into account the dences of vitality to prove its di- attendance at the regular morning vine character and unique religious and evening services held in the worth. fifty Mormon meeting houses. The Mormonism is deeply rooted in Mormon church has an enrolled Utah, even in Salt Lake City where membership of 43,759 in this city perhaps half the people are non- and as many more in its suburbs Mormons or "Gentiles." Yet vis- in Salt Lake County. There are itors who pass through this Mor- fewer than 10,000 members-Prot- mon Zion see little of the branches estant and Catholic – enrolled in of this degenerate but fruitful cult all the other churches of this city and less of its roots. Tourists who or county." attend services in the Mormon It should be noted, however, that Tabernacle are apt to think of this the Mormons round up and brand as the one Mormon meeting house all their children at the age of in the city. As a matter of fact, eight years and are not disposed there are fifty other Mormon meet- to purge their church rolls. "Once ing houses in this Mormon Zion a Mormon always a Mormon" is and eighteen more in its environs. one of their sayings.

Moreover, the services held in the Outside of Salt Lake City and tabernacle are for tourists and are County the Mormon cult is still tied up with the Mormon Bureau more stubbornly rooted. But here, of misinformation, which is one of again, the outsider needs disilluthe most seductive missionary sta- sionment. You tell a candidate for tions of the Mormon church. The Christian ministerial service that typical services of the church are he will be the only resident minheld, save during its semiannual ister and serve in the only organconferences, in the ward meeting ized Christian church in one of our houses. The Mormon contingent Mormon towns or counties and he at the Tabernacle services consists will inquire: "Are there any Mor- of certain apostles and defenders mon churches in this unoccupied 650 parish ?" If the field under con- Some of these "stakes" report as sideration centers at Logan, the many as 6,000 members and the county seat of Cache County, you enrolled membership of the church reply: "Oh, yes, there are a dozen in Idaho is over 85,000. There are Mormon meeting houses in Logan not so many members enrolled in and its suburbs; also a central all the other churches – Catholic tabernacle and a conspicuous Mor- and Protestant – of Idaho. The mon temple. There are over forty Mormons have established their Mormon chapels or meeting houses colonies chiefly in the southern in this town or county and you will counties of this state. be the one resident minister in this great parish. The enrolled mem- The cult has, during the last few bership of the Evangelical church years, been taking root and spreadwill be perhaps 125. The Mormon ing in California and, especially, in and around Los Angeles. A A MORMON UNIVERSITY WARD CHAPEL IN UTAH membership, as listed for last year, "stake" has recently been organis 24,241. These members are ized in Los Angeles with its presicared for by five 'stake' presidents, dent, eighteen wards each with its forty-three bishops and scores of bishop, and 6,928 members. The obedient priests." authorities now speak of organiz- ing a "stake" covering the forty or Is the Mormon cult spreading? more missions in central Cali- Is it lengthening its cords, as well fornia. Some of these missions as strengthening its stakes? have already purchased property and built comely chapels. According to the Mormon directory and statistics for Idaho, the Mormon Statistics cult has twenty-four "stakes" in this state, usually including a Speakers at the last Mormon county or a town and its environs. conference boasted that their Each of these "stakes" has from church had more than doubled its six to fourteen meeting places or membership during the last fifty chapels, each with its bishop and years. This is quite true. The contingent of subordinate officials.

present enrolled membership of the from such and other reports that two Mormon sects-the one with the Mormon bishops list all the headquarters in Salt Lake City, the Mormons who happen to be living other with headquarters at Inde- in their wards when report is called pendence, Missouri-recently re- for and so encourage ecclesiastical ported by Dr. H. K. Carroll, is repeating. Nevertheless, in spite 645,158. Of these, about 95,000 of this disposition of the Mormon are J osephites, a midwest variety leaders to claim everything in of Mormon, that have always re- sight, and in spite of their readi- pudiated polygamy and consider ness to wink at "repeating," the Brigham Young and his successors cult is growing. The increase is as usurpe:rs of the authorIty given largely due to Mormon fecundity to Joseph Smith. and the unwillingness of the bish- Deducting the enrollment of this ops to reduce their ward member- J osephite sect, which has little foot- ship by cutting out the dead timber.

hold in the intermountain or Another sign of the vitality of Pacific West, we have left about the Mormon cult may be seen in its 550,000 members of the Utah or new zeal in temple building and its Brighamite. sect – the sect with new emphasis on temple work.

which we chiefly have to do. Three new temples have been built The growth of the Utah variety during the last dozen years-one of Mormonism has not been lux- in Hawaii, another in Alberta, uriant during the last few years- Canada, and a third at Mesa, Ari- say about 21,000 each year, of zona. These temples have cost the whom about 14,000 are children church at least $750,000. There from Mormon families. The num- has also been a great increase of ber of adult baptisms, including such temple work as baptism and adults born of Mormon parents marriage for the dead, initiations but not baptized in childhood, and into the priesthood and marriage converts from the outside world for eternity. At the recent semi- averages about 7,000 per annum. annual conference President Grant The exact figures for last year, as reported that, during the past year, given out by President Grant, are: over 62,000 "recommends" had Children baptized and enrolled, been granted to the members of 14,604; other converts, 6,367. No the church who wished to do reports are made of loss by death temple work or accept temple nor is any report made of losses by vows. Special excursions are ar- apostasy or chronic absenteeism. ranged for the young people of This makes some of the Mormon Utah and southern Idaho who wish statistics rather interesting. For to be baptized for their un-Mor- example: The Mormon church re- monized forbears. Joseph F.

ports a membership of 2,228 in Smith, late president of the church, Kane County, Utah. There are, was in the habit of saying, "We do according to the United States more work to save the dead than Census report, only 2,054 people in we do to save the living." The this county. Another Mormon Catholic doctrine of purgatory, statistician has naively listed this even in its crudest form, has noth- county, basing his estimate on fig- ing on the Mormon doctrine of ures covering twenty-five years, as baptism for the "spirits in prison."

100.07% Mormon. It is evident Polygamy, aside from its appeal

THE VITALITY OF MORMONISM

to the average natural man, was a Idaho, one in Arizona, and three in diabolically shrewd way of holding Utah-elaim to be junior colleges. the leaders of the Mormon cult to- These so-called colleges and univergether. Once tied in polygamy, sities report an enrollment of they were tied up in the Mormon 4,857 students, all of whom take church for life. Moreover, it left courses in Mormon history or Morits mark on their children – a mon theology. mark which did not embarrass them so long as they remained in A more recent and close-gripa Mormon community or the Mor- ping educational program has led mon church. The oath-bound to the building and manning of initiation services and esoteric some sixty-nine seminaries. These teachings of the Mormon temples seminaries contain three roomshave a somewhat similar grip on an office or reception room, a lec- ture room and a rest or recreation A MORMON SEMINARY AND ITS STUDENTS IN UTAH the Mormon priesthood and people room-and are erected adjoining and will be much harder to break or near to the town or county high down than the practice of polyg- schools. A Mormon teacher of amy. high school grade is employed by the church to take charge of each Training Mormon Youth seminary. He teaches the pupils Bible, in which course grades may The rootage and growth of the be given in the public high school. Mormon cult is also fostered by its In addition, he gives courses on the system of church schools and sem- Book of Mormon, Mormon church inaries. Two of these church history and Mormon theology. schools-the Brigham Young Uni- These seminaries are lashed to versity at Provo and the Latter- most of the larger high schools in day Saints University of Salt Lake towns and communities which are City – claim to give university courses. Five others – one in dominantly Mormon. The attend-

ance is supposed to be voluntary First Presidency and Apostles in but the courses have a place in the the Mormon church is much more schedule of the high schools. Ten direct and intimate than that of thousand eight hundred thirty-five the Pope and his cardinals over (10,835) high school pupils were Roman Catholics. enrolled in these seminary classes last year. Faithful Mormons still move in colonies or to colonies of their own In addition to these colleges and kind. The 2,068 missionaries, who seminaries, M 0 r man "religion have during the past year been classes" are held in or near many working out from twenty-seven of our grade schools. The presi- central stations, through 750 dent of the Mormon church reports branches, have been recruiting that 61,131 pupils were enrolled in officers, the branches, as a rule, these week-day religious classes being temporary "holding comlast year. All this week-day proc- panies." For most of the converts ess of Mormonization is in addition hope, sooner or later, to go to some to the work done by the Mormon Mormon community or to get with- Sunday-schools. These Sunday- in easy reach of one of the ~for­ schools are easily the most efficient man temples. If the Mormon peorecruiting and enrolling agencies ple were permanently scattered of the Mormon cult and, as each of over the United States, as are the these Sunday-schools has its the- members of the great Protestant ology class for older pupils and churches, Mormonism would, withadults, these schools are also in a generation or so, lose its hold agencies of indoctrination. The on the majority of its younger regular church services, which are members and nearly all of their usually held in the town or village children. meeting houses on Sunday afternoon, are reiterative, stupid, and So Gentiles, many of them mempoorly attended. bers of Evangelical churches, find it hard to stand up for the faith of Mormon Bishops and Their Flocks their fathers when submerged in a community in which the Mor- The Mormons are, as a rule, mons are outspoken, knit together gregarious or herd-minded. They as one man, and dominant. Some go in flocks or herds, with a bishop of these non-Mormons, when so as herder or herdsman and the tested, suppress _their religious priesthood as his "nippers-in." There are 933 active bishops in the loyalties and soon have neither M'ormQII church and they and other religion to speak of or to live by. priests and high priests being in- Others, like lumps of savorless cluded, there are 130,000 priests of salt, go into solution without givvarious grades in the church. ing color or tang to the solution. Nearly all the male members of Still others are smothered as corn the church who are in good stand- by the weeds. As the Mormon ing, and many who are not, hold church emphasizes the social and office and exercise such authority economic elements of its fellowship as is doled out to them by the First as much as, if not more than, the Presidency and his Twelve Apostles moral and religious elements, some through local bishops and "stake" Gentiles join the cult for social or presidents. The authority of the business reasons, much as they would join a social or commercial

club or a non-religious fraternity. his successors authority to speak This is one of the menaces of Mor- for God and receive additional monism, for while it is probable revelations. that during recent years the Church has made fewer converts These prophets, seers and revelaoutside Mormon communities than tors have taught and still teach in former years, it is more than that there are many gods, male and probable that it has smothered female, that these gods have bodies, down or won into its membership parts and passions, and that the more of the non-Mormons resident Eternal Father is an exalted man. in Mormon communities than at They also teach that men and gods any time dUring the last genera- are of the same species, men being tion. gods in embryo, and that as God is now, man may be. They teach THE MORMON 'l'EMPLE IN HAWAII Doctrines and SUlljection to Authority that men and women, in order to become gods and goddesses, must Today the peculiar claims and be baptized and married by men peculiar teachings of this peculiar holding the Mormon priesthood cult are being pressed to the utter- and accept the secret vows and most. Some of the teachings are: pledges administered in the Mor- That the so-called Christian Church mon temple. was apostate and that Joseph Smith was called of God to reestab- They teach that polygamy, as lish the only true church of Jesus practiced and endorsed by the Christ; that he was given au- prophets, seers and revelators of thority to add the Book of Mor- the Mormon church, is a divine inmon, the Pearl of Great Price, and stitution and that its discontincertain lucubrations of his own to uance as a practice does not the Scriptures and to transmit to discount its righteousness as a principle.

CHRISTIANS WHO HAVE

Mr. Tie n, a colporteur of the robber chief, Mr. Tien found "Church Village," wondered what himself treated as an honored outrageous demands would be guest. The chief called for tea to made for the ransoming of his dear be served, and himself poured it ones who were captured. Among out, apologizing to the embarrassed them was his niece, a girl of six- colporteur for having brought him teen. so far away from home. "I could Suddenly a mysterious message easily have sent your two children reached him by word of mouth. He back to you but was afraid that was asked to travel alone and un- harm might come to them on the armed to a place among the hills, way," said he. "I am sorry that where further instructions would my men made the mistake they did, be given. Dare he venture on such but they could not tell which were a journey into the heart of bandit- your children."

land? But he believed that God *** could take care of him anywhere, Those responsible for evangel- so shouldering his Bible Society istic work in the Tehchow, Shan- knapsack of gospels he set off for tung mission of the American the hills, selling his books as he Board, do not feel that "the Chi- went along. On approaching the nese Church is floundering around haunt of the desperadoes his cour- lost in a wilderness just because age almost failed, for he noticed the missionary leadership has been that armed men were watching taken away suddenly." The van- him from among the high rocks. ishing of this leadership did make Soon he was challenged with a it difficult for the country church gruff "Who are you?" and he re- members to readjust themselves.

plied, "I am Tien of Church Vil- They even anticipated another lage." "Oh! you've come, have Boxer persecution. The church you?" was the puzzling response. elders were stunned. The Chinese He found himself being passed on leaders, superintendents and Evan- from post to post and described by gelistic Committee quickly made the sentries as the "Poor Ticket." plans for a "tour of explanation."

These robbers always speak of Their purpose was to clear up the their victims as though they were minds of the church members and lottery tickets, and here was one encourage them to seize the new whom they reckoned as a blank. opportunity to show that the Chris- At length Mr. Tien found him- tian Church is already indigenous self in a hill village which re- in China. At first things stood sembled a military camp. It was still. But gradually work has been full of armed men who seemed to resumed in the various stations.

be well disciplined. They dressed Whereas a few years ago the Chi- as soldiers during the daytime and nese thought that the Church was travelled among the villages quite an unimportant element in commu- openly, but at night they appeared nity life, as a result of the present in civilian clothes. agitation it has become a center of Conducted into the presence of popular interest.

656 SETTING THE YOUNG WOMEN classes, picture charts for Sunday- TO WORK school work, Sunday-school papers and cards, sheet music and other articles By MRS. C. K. LIPPARD, Philadelphia, Pa. were also sent from the society with no expense except for postage. Cor- General i1£::e!~igat:r~;:Pi~ri'l!~:~~:t, United In this age of projects and objec- respondence was opened with several tives and feminine activities it is not fields, needs were made known, internearly so hard to enlist workers as in esting information was received and former years. But how to introduce closer ties were formed. Christmas great activity into the society without boxes to which each contributed a losing devotional tone is a problem. gift, followed at the proper time. The society's interest was increased ten A Missionary Postmistress fold. The postmistress and stamp In one socie'ty there was a shy, re- window have become regular features tiring but faithful member who of their organization.

seemed to be losing interest for lack A Fireside Circle of a place in the activities. She could When a Mission Study Class was not sing, speak or pray in public and did not work well on committees. Yet first mentioned it did not appeal to she was earnest and longed for a share the girls of one society. Study was in the great task. Finally we estab- not what they wanted. But when atlished, just for her, the new office of tractive invitations were issued to a "Postmistress." Many women in the Fireside Meeting at one of the attrac- congregation had magazines, books, tive homes with a real fireplace, the music and other articles that they words "missionary" and "study" did were willing to send to the mission not appear, and the girls came. A field, but did not want to take the short chapter from a new study book time and trouble to tie them up. Each was read and discussed, appropriate country seemed to demand a different music was rendered by outside talent, mode of wrapping. The post office and light refreshments were served.

was out of the way so that it was a The girls were eager to come again.

nuisance to send them off. Our mis- Curios, victrola records from different sionary postmistress consented to re- lands, and surprise features were in- ceive all such articles brought to the troduced. Before they knew it they meetings, wrap and mail them, send a were deep in the book, and met in dif- letter with each parcel and read the ferent homes, calling themselves "The replies at subsequent meetings. A Fireside Circle." At the third meet- box called Stamp Window was Bet on ing, the girls themselves suggested the table and each member was asked that the refreshments be dropped, and to put in at least one cent each time the cost contributed to a cause pre- to be used for postage. Our post- sented in the study book. This is the mistress grew so interested in her fourth year of the Fireside Mission work that she called up members re- Study Circle and its membership is minding them to bring their maga- still increasing.

zines. Missionaries thus received Loose leaf notebooks were given to good periodicals regularly only a few one group of girls by a wise leader, weeks late. Hymn books for singing and they jotted down at each meeting 657 4

anything that impressed them or that posted on the Sunday before the meet- was new or interesting. At the end ing, is a good reminder. A bright of a short time each girl was asked to picture poster is best. Personal inlook over her book, take from it the vitations to each member of each class, page that seemed to her the most novel in the fall after the scattering sumor impressive and pin it on the wall. mer months, help new or indifferent A very striking exhibit was the result. ones to feel themselves needed and Posters were then evolved from the welcome. ideas on the notebook pages. A tea or reception, given by the Some Si:mple Devices Women's Missionary Society to all the girls of the Sunday-school or congre- Very simple devices may be used to gation, is a good method of approachtake away monotony from a meeting. ing the subject of a young women's In the room where we meet one of the organization. A short dramatization most helpful pieces of furniture is an may impress the girls with the imold battered screen frame we have portance or desirability of organizing. covered with brown burlap. On this Literature may be distributed at the we pin pictures. One night a strip of same gathering. paper across the top carried the words: "Our Guests of Honor." Be- Literature given out in the Sundaylow were pictures of our missionaries school the Sunday before the meeting and after learning all we could of sometimes will influence a girl to atthem personally the screen was tend. turned around and showed on the reverse side the places in which they A contribution to the regular proworked. gram by the children now and then brings out the mothers. An open Once we entertained some of our meeting or mother's party given by outstanding native Christians in the the children's organization will teach same way. Pictures of babies of all the mothers more about missions than nations covered the screen when we many programs of their own. wished to interest the mothers in Junior Work. Palm leaf fans strewn about the Sunday-school seats one Sunday bore Special projects were brought to the words, "We grew in India. If our members' attention by the old you wish to learn many more interscreen without a word being said. A esting things about that country, atlist of things needed from a certain tend the missionary meeting next field was posted and articles made by Tuesday." Japanese paper fans may our Juniors to be sent to various fields be used in the same way. were pinned on the burlap, making an inspiring display. Phonograph records of songs of mission lands, played in the vestibule Our Musical Evening of the church when the young people were having a social gathering, at- In connection with a musical pro- tracted some to come back the next gram an exhibit of musical instru- night to hear more native music and ments from mission lands and some learn more of the people who produced victrola records of native music added it. missionary interest. A sketchy drawing of a hill with a Project" for Young Women path going up, on which were many stones, drew the attention of the In this age of action, a dead or young women. Each stone was marked passive program will not appeal to the with such obstacles as "loneliness," young. Alert leaders, live programs "foreign language," "non-Christian and real projects must be offered surroundings," one was "few letters them. A separate poster for each from home," one "climate," etc. Begirls' classroom in the Sunday-school, low were the words, "Do you want to help our new missionaries combat the

METHODS FOR WORKERS

obstacles in their pathways? They their teacher for help and she put inhave gone there instead of you and to their hands the best to be had in me." children's missionary story material. The girls had never seen books of this The same drawing can be used to kind. emphasize the difficulties in the path of the new native Christians: super- Being energetic and earnest they stition, ignorance, unbelief, millions did their best to prepare and present of gods, tradition, or some of the un- the material attractively. One, a favorable customs of the country illus- normal school student, used posters, trated. maps and blackboard to illustrate the story. Another began, with the The picture of a clothesline between teacher's help, to collect curios to two posts, with America on one and show. One girl dressed in the cossome mission field on the other, with tume of the country she told about. large squares for washing hanging out made an effective poster. Above At the end of three months, withwere the words, "Is your wash clean, out a word of urging from anyone, or does it look like this?" On the this class organized into a Young clothes were written the words, selfish- Women's Missionary Society. They ness, superiority, prejudice, narrow- also started a missionary museum for ness, uncharitableness. A companion the Sunday-school, which has proved poster read, "The real Christian's of great value. washing looks like this"; clothes were marked-love, friendliness, fellowship, A Novel Sunday-School Picnic brotherhood, charity, kindness, equality. A real clothesline with large The teachers and officers of a cerpieces of white cloth or paper really tain Sunday-school wanted some novel hanging on may be one feature of a kind of an outing to take the place program for young people. The of the regular Sunday-school picnic. changing of the first pieces for those They could not afford to go out of the of the second list can be made very city or to provide elaborate sports. impressive. Another use for a clothes- The outing was to be held in a runline is to hang on it gifts to be sent down tourist camp grove. The misto any field. The line may join the sionary enthusiast recognized an openchurch with the field. ing and suggested "A Trip Around the World." Wha.t One Class Did Each class became a certain country The teacher of an attractive class and decorated its place accordingly. of girls was missionary minded, but The boys built a real straw hut and she seemed to fail entirely in interest- blackened their faces. Several brought ing the girls. After much thought drums, and Africa was the result. and prayer she went to the Sundayschool superintendent and made a The American Indians appeared in proposition. full regalia. Tepees were set up, and a monstrous totem pole, which took "My girls can tell stories beauti- weeks to carve and embellish, was in fully," she said. "I want to ask you evidence. Weird dances were the to use them for missionary story tell- order of the day. ing. Anna tells them best for junior age, and Ella for primaries. Please A pretty booth under a blossoming let them do the story telling for the tree, and hung with lanterns and next few months. Let them take paper umbrellas, where tea and cake turns." were dispensed by girls in bright kimonos, was unmistakably Japan. She arranged that the superintendent himself ask the girls to help in this The biggest surprise of all was a way. They were to choose their own red pagoda built by the men's Bible stories, but' naturally they came to class, of heavy pasteboard boxes, in the Chinese city. A part of the great wall, formed of boxes, fenced them in.

The missionary enthusiast had pre- decorate the Sunday-school room durpared some banners telling of the ing the summer. They were led not work of their denomination in each merely to play at gardening but to field. These were made of unbleached really work. Hours were set for them muslin and waved from the trees of to come during the week to do their the various countries. share.

The hymns chosen by the men, and Their memory verse that day was: sung at the end of that picnic, turned Song of Solomon, 2: 11-12. The theme out to be missionary hymns. Uncon- was "Cooperation with God." sciously they had abSorbed something of missionary information and of the Nothing thrills a boy like a flagmissionary spirit. draped room. At one meeting the whole period was spent on the study Interna.tional Post Office of flags of all nations, their origin and their significance. An admiration A program, beginning from the for and understanding of the flags of postman at our door and working in the world makes for world peace. trains, ships, cables. ocean travel and Flag songs and national anthems the stamps of all nations with games were introduced and explained. Interof travel and post office, will interest national stamps may also be brought very small children as well as the into such a program. larger boys. Stamp collections as well as picture postcards from all na- Surprises for Children tions should be shown. Post deliveries by camel, elephant, man-pulled carts, A new song on a chart turned backoxcarts and aeroplane may be ex- wards until time to sing. plained. Such a program can be made thrilling, but its success is dependent A foreign visitor or some one on the leader. dressed in the costume of some for- eign country. Something to Do A taste of native food. The secret of success in any mis- A rainy-day surprise may be the sionary organization is something for story of the rainy season in Africa or each one to do, and each one doing Japan-tasteless salt, food and clothes something. mouldy, shoes white with mildew, etc. Native umbrellas may be shown. At one children's meeting, when the boys and girls first arrived, they For Older Children rushed with shiny faces up to their leader, asking eagerly, "What are we Larger boys and girls may be intergoing to do today, Miss Fannie?" She ested in debates on such questions as: answered smiling, "You'd never, never guess! It's something just lovely." "Resolved that America cannot do without churches." Their replies gave the key to some of the "just lovely things" they had "Resolved that the church is the done. most important institution in our neighborhood." "Is it writing a letter to India? Taking stamps to the lame boy? Go- "Resolved that Japan needs more ing to the museum to see the Indians? missionaries." Scrap-books? Can't we pack another box? Say, I've got some dandy paste "Resolved that the study of misto mend song books. We could make sions is broadening." those old ones look new to send to Africa! Let's make another play These same themes put in question about Japan. Let's make a poster." form may be used as discussion topics for the group. This time they started a garden to "aise flowers for the sick and also to To Encourage Attendance Banners for attendance may be pre- pared for juniors, primary and kinder- garten groups and allowed in the room only when the attendance is per-

fect. The same plan may be employed They had come to learn how to use the to encourage promptness. programs. They wanted to know For Young Women where their gifts were most needed and how they could be of greatest A special "Thank You Box," large service. They grew each moment more enough to hold any gift offered, may discouraged and bewildered. Some of be placed in the meeting room. When them did not come back. A real op- something unusually pleasant happens portunity was wasted.

to a member, such as a birthday, re- Another leader may do everything covery from an illness, an engagement, beautifully. She may conduct the marriage or the birth of a child, she meeting, lead in prayer, play the may feel free to bring a Thank You piano, sing, provide splendid speakers, gift for some missionary, and place it write to missionaries and teach the in the box. A book received as a gift study class. When she is ill no one and read during the illness, a duplicate dares to take her place. No one thinks wedding or engagement gift, some- that she can do it well enough. And thing not needed for the baby, or a no one feels responsibility. It is her gift especially purchased because of a meeting, not theirs. An opportunity thankful heart, may be the offering. to train in other leaders and to de- At regular intervals the box should velop personal responsibility may be be opened, the gifts sorted and mailed lost by one woman's efficiency.

to any persons decided on by the class Then there is the careless and in- or society. This should in no way be different leader. We can pick her out allowed to interfere with the regular at once. The room is not in order.

thankoffering of money. Nothing is arranged. No one is ap- Siu>ple l>evices pointed to take part in the program till after she arrives at the meeting, Clothes pins make excellent people generally late, and hastily requests to be used in a sand table. They can some one to pick out some hymns and wear almost any costume. Two clothes for pity's sake, one of you look up a pins make a horse and rider, a num- prayer we can read together! A ber of them joined together a camel stranger coming in finds no guide, no train, etc. poster to show in which room the A message of love may be written meeting is held. There is no one to on a kite and it may be let loose to fly play the piano; never of course any away, bearing kindness to anyone special music or surprise feature; no who finds it. While it disappears the one is interested; the meeting drags.

children may recite: The Oooperative Meeting Fly a kite of kindness The best meeting is cooperative. To friends across the sea.

Hindering and Helping These words: "Our society," "our meeting," "our program" explain its .Strange as it may seem a most effi- success. The leader, however efficient cient leader may be a great hindrance. and thoroughly interested, has made Recently we attended an organization each one feel herself indispensable.

meeting where an outsider had been Mrs. Brown hears of a Japanese asked to speak a needed word of en- tourist visiting in the neighborhood couragement. The members were and begs him to come and show his women from moderately comfortable curios and costumes to her society.

homes, none of whom had gone to Mrs. Jones brings her new fern to school for the last two decades. As decorate the table, or a geranium the words "project" and "objective," blooming out of season. Mrs. Smith's "psychological," "efficiency," and "cur- cousin who sings is brought along to riculum" were flung about, a look of give a solo. The president welcomes bewilderment settled on their faces. all these helps even though they do

not always quite fit into the program. "Let us make a Japanese quilt," she "Our society" never lacks variety. smiled. "It's different and more in- . "We" are all so interested. "Our hus- teresting." "Ahs" and "ohs" of asbands" have their regular jobs on tonishment greeted the strange missionary society nights, driving patches. Soon each woman was busy about to gather up women for the filling in the outline with the right meeting. "Our college daughters" colored floss provided. Questions folknow that they must go to the neigh- lowed as naturally as breathing. bors so they can leave their babies and come. Even "our sons" stay at The wise pastor's wife had prepared home with their little sisters and and could answer intelligently. At brothers. Every woman in the con- the end of the meeting the pastor apgregation is expected to be at the peared and on seeing the new quilt meeting. Generally she is there. blocks, offered to bring a book on Japan next time, show them pictures How We Did It of the strange objects and read to them while they sewed. So the first Introducing missions into unmis- wedge of mission study was inserted. sionary churches, and interesting the When the pretty quilt, lined with uniuterested is not an easy task. cherry-blossom pink, was finished, Those who are leaders or workers, or there was little about Japan or miswho have always attended churches sion work there that those women did that recognize missions as a natural not know. part of the church program, feel helpless when confronted by the absolute A quilt full of pagodas, wheelbarignorance of and indifference toward rows, dragons and mandarins folthe subject in many communities. lowed, and it was put together with pale yellow, while China became real Here are a few methods used re- to the sewers. cently by earnest women moving into such communities: A black and white quilt, covered with elephants, oxcarts, hammocks, The opening wedge-Mrs. A. was mud huts and cunning black children a young pastor's wife fresh from a followed, as Christ's love for Africa lively missionary church and over- was impressed upon them. flowing with zeal. She was appalled by the fact that a women's meeting in The pile grew until the sale of the their new parish meant either pre- quilts came under discussion. Do you paring a big dinner or quilting. wonder that the minister's wife smiled Though the church women were in- when one woman suggested that the telligent, they knew nothing of mis- proceeds go to the various fields? sions. Offerings were unknown. That was a real innovation in that Sales and bazaars were the social church. events of the year. Quilts were sold to meet the quota of the congregation. "Why not send the quilts themselves After pondering in silence awhile to the missionaries?" the mission-enthe pastor's wife made her decision. thusiast put it meekly. "It might encourage them to know how inter- "If the women must make quilts, ested we are in their countries and I'll help them make a new kind," she the people there. All missionaries said. need bedding."

When opportunity offered she pro- This led naturally to the letters of duced squares of unbleached muslin thanks and appreciation from the missix by six inches, on which were out- sionaries. The personal touch was an lined strange objects -lotus flowers, accomplished fact and the rest folchrysanthemums, bamboo, jinrikishas, lowed slowly but naturally and instrange looking farmers in umbrella evitably. The church now has its mishats, rice bowls, silkworms, and sionary society and mission study Japanese dolls-each claimed a square. class. None of the women realize just how it came about.

WOlIAN'S FOREIGN MISSION

EDITED BY ELLA D. MACLAURIN, 419 FOURTH AVENUE, NEW YORK THE JERUSALEM MEETING prise to discover the will of God for this critical hour. By MRS. E. H. SILVERTHORN, New York The three outstanding results to my mind were: We arc still too near the meeting for true perspective or accurate evalu- I. The fellowship experienced on ation. It is, however, quite evident Mount of Olives in the deepest realithat we have witnessed and have par- ties of life, the intimate interpenetraticipated in one of the creative hours tion of mind with mind, of spirit with spirit, across the frontiers of language THE WOMEN DELEGATES FR OM MANY NATIONS AT JERUSALEM of missionary history of the world. and race and communion, the trans- For' one of the really great crises of formation of outlook and the expanmodern missionary history confronts sion of horizon. We experienced the the Christian forces of the world, and great fact of the solidarity of the Jerusalem, 1928, was an honest, de- disciples of Christ, "That they all may vout effort by the representatives of be one." This fellowship developed the responsible leadership of the Prot- through corporate prayer, worship, estant Christian missionary enter- through living, eating, thinking to- 663

gether, 250 of us, representing fifty- where must be a truly missionary one countries. church to express the mind of its Lord, to live vitally, to grow and serve; II. The expression of the common therefore the younger churches must mind of the Council under the guid- share this responsibility with the ance of God, as incorporated in the older churches since it is a cooperafindings. The mornings of the first tive enterprise. week were given to reports by the chairmen of the eight Commissions on III. The richness and depth of the the Surveys prepared before the meet- spiritual life of the Council in its ing. These were followed by forums vitality, its unity and its variety of which brought into the open diver- expression. Our surroundings had, gences or agreements of opinion, new no doubt, much to do with this exmaterial, and varied and rich ex- perience. We lived together for fifperiences of the Christian leadership teen days on the Mount of Olives, the from all over the world. All of this Holy City spread out as a panorama made an excellent preparation for the before us to the west, the Jordan findings groups which were organized Valley and the Dead Sea on the east, around the eight subjects of the sur- to the north was Judea and to the veys, and which met and reported the south Bethlehem and Bethany. The second week. Every delegate was on Wilderness of Temptation lay at our one or more of these findings groups feet. We were constantly reminded of or committees. These findings not the life and death of our Lord. All only gave a restatement of the Chris- these brought back in insistent spirtian message of the Gospel in terms itual recollections the realities and of deep reality, vibrating and real for compulsions of the faith by which we the new generation, reemphasizing are called to live and to serve. the supreme and unique place of Christ, of His life, death and resurrec- On the opening Sunday afternoon, tion as a redemptive act of God, but Bishop MacInnes, of Jerusalem, in the they also expressed for us the com- grounds of the Galilean Church on the pleteness of the Christian message for side of the Mount of Olives gave a deall of life. The findings covered these votional talk on the City of Jerusalem seven other fields: The development which lay spread out before us. On of Christian education on sound edu- Palm Sunday morning he took the concational and spiritual principles to ference on a devotional pilgrimage in meet the growing needs of all ages song and prayer and praise from Bethand groups in the churches all around any along the path our Lord walked or the world; the future of cooperation; rode on His triumphal entry into Jeruthe relationship of the older and salem. Late at night on Maundy younger churches; the type of appeal, Thursday we prayed in the Garden of and the magnitude of the task of the Gethsemane with the moonlight mak- Home Base; the world-wide industrial ing clear the outlines of the olive and rural problems based on sound trees. On Good Friday morning many Christian teaching, economic science walked from the Ecce Homo Church and practical need; the findings on along the Via Dolorosa in devotional interracial relationships, courageous meditation to the Church of the Holy and balanced. All these gave a clear Sepulchre, on the second Saturday we mandate, an expanding program, a went to Bethlehem, to Jericho, the unified world outlook for Protestant banks of the Jordan, where the Christendom. There was evidenced a Saviour was baptized, and to the Dead growing conviction on the part of the Sea. younger churches represented that the missionary task was not the con- In these and other ways the unique cern of the sending churches only, Christian associations of Jerusalem but that the Church of Christ every- wove themselves vitally into our spir- itual experience. We realized as never before that our Lord actually

WOMAN'S FOREIGN MISSION BULLETIN

lived our natural life, performed our Ruth Woodsmall, Secretary of Y. W.

natural tasks, walked the crowded C. A. Eastern Mediterranean Federa- streets and highways, and so for us tion; Mrs. George H. Huntington, was broken down forever the partition Chairman of the Near East Commit- between things sacred and things tee of the Y. W. C. A. and wife of the secular. He hallowed all of life for us. Vice-President of Robert College, Another outstanding point of in- Constantinople; Baroness G. W. T.

terest was the contacts and friend- Van Boetzelaer Van Dubbledam of the ships formed among the women dele- Netherlands; Miss B. D. Gibson, as- gates present. At the preceding meet- sistant secretary of the International ing of the International Missionary Missionary Council; Miss M. M.

Council held at Oxford, there were Underhill, associate Editor of the In- five women delegates, at this meeting ternational Review of Missions and there were 42 women delegates, Miss Esther Strong, Assistant Libra- coopted members and secretaries. rian. The women were called together Our own American delegation was twice on their own initiative to dis- a strong one. It included eleven cover in what ways they could give women from the United States and the largest contributions to the dis- one from Canada. There were two cussions and proceedings of the con- women in the English delegation, one ferences, and also to get acquainted from Scotland, one from Switzerland, and to learn something definite about one from the Netherlands, and one the fields, problems and progress of from Germany, Mme. Schlunk, who one another's work. Baroness Van was taken ill .en route and could not Boetzelaer Van Dubbledam was made attend the meeting. chairman of these informal gather- Among the delegates from the ings of the women's group.

Orient were some whose women, at The women were all housed together least, were familiar to us. From in one of the huts, they enjoyed much China, Miss Luella Miner, Dean of informal fellowship there and at the Women of the Shantung Christian morning coffee and afternoon tea University, Tsinan; Mrs. C. C. Chen, hours. While we each had regular Vice-Chairman of the National Y. W. seats in the guest hall of the German C. A. of China and Chairman of the Hospice where our meetings were Board of Directors of the Woman's Christian Medical College of Shang- held, there were no definite places at hai; Miss Pao-Swen Tsing, Founder the tables in the dining hall, each meal and Principal of Fang Girls' College, was like a turn of a kaleidoscope, new Changsha. From India, Miss Eleanor combinations, new tablemates, new ac- McDougall, Principal of the Woman's quaintances resulted. By the middle Christian College, Madras, and Miss of the first week all formality was Tara N. Tilak, social worker from gone and we were a friendly group the University Settlement, Bombay. intent on exchanging views and secur- From Japan, Mrs. Ochinii Kubushiro, ing information from one another. National Secretary of the Woman's Most of the Orientals wore their na- Christian Temperance Union of Japan, tive costumes which added much color and from Korea, Miss Helen Kim, to the gathering.

Dean of Ewha Woman's College, The possibilities of cooperation in Seoul. Some other WOmen notables observing the World's Day of Prayer were Mrs. Mary Grace Forgan, Presi- was presented to the women and there dent of the Woman's Foreign Mission were a general consensus of opinion and Vice-Convener of the Foreign that such participation by Christian Mission Committee of the United Free women everywhere would prove an- Church of Edinburgh; Miss Mary other bond of unity among the Chris- Dingman, Industrial Secretary of the tian women of the world.

World's Y. W. C. A., London; Miss Miss Helen Kim of Korea has con-

sented to prepare the 1929 program suits of the foreign mission enterprise for the World Day of Prayer. than the exhibit of the great lives and The women gave very valuable con- wonderful accomplishments of these tributions through the forums and on Christians who have come out from the findings committees. It was evi- their own faiths and have followed the dent that their contributions were ap- teachings of the Lord Jesus. It is not preciated, for in the reorganization of a new development. When the Com- the Council when the lack of women mittee on the United Study of Foreign members became apparent, the Na- Missions was formed in 1900 we wel- tional Christian Council, which now comed to the platform in Carnegie constitutes the International Mission- Hall, Lilavati Singh, president of the ary Council, was admonished by Dr. first Woman's College in India. We Mott, the reelected Chairman, to see recognized even then the fitness and that this lack was remedied. the ability of Indian women to assume As the question of world-wide co- high positions of leadership. It is no operation was faced and the need ex- new thing to find women of the Orient pressed by the yonger churches for and even in Africa who have given continued help in men and women, "long lives of service worthy to be writ- money, sympathy and prayers from ten with those so marvelously set forth the older or sending churches, the in the Epistle to the Hebrews. It is magnitude of the task ahead pressed especially delightful to be able to an- more and more heavily upon us. The nounce that we have secured as the new areas of life as well as of terri- author and editor of this book, which tory that need to be claimed and in- is to be the climax for our third decade fused with the spirit of Christ, partic- of United Study a popular well-known ularly those areas of industry and in- author, Miss Singmaster. Miss Sing- terracial relations which have been master, who is really Mrs. Lewars, is among the major concerns of our Fed- a member of the Lutheran Church and eration, and the great rural areas of its Woman's Board of Foreign Mis- the world· as .yet but little touched- sions. She has studied mission work these tremendous needs placed over and has met some of the fine repre- against our inadequacy, personal and sentatives who have come to this collective, drove us deeper and deeper country. She will have a wealth of into self-examination, personally and material from all the Boards and will corporately and a profound sense of give the fine literary touch and artistic dependence on the supernatural re- handling which will make it a book for sources of God grew in our hearts. wide circulation and of immense value.

Vomell Delegates and Coopted Members from The Junior book will be written by tlnit~d States and Canada: Miss Helen Calder, Mrs. Seebach, editor of the children's Mrs. R. M. ea vert, Mi.ss Margaret Crutchfipld, magazine of the Lutheran Board. ].[rs. H. E. Goodman, Miss Sara Lyon, Mrs. Here again we have an able writer, 'rhos. Nicholson, Mrs. Harper Sibley (Alte'i'~ one thoroughly qualified to present to boys and girls the lives of boys and IInte), Mrs. E. H. Silverthorn, Mrs. Robert Rpeer, )1r8. Chas. W. Williams. ~frs. John R. Mott (Coopted), Mrs. Murray Brooks.

THREE DECADES OF UNITED girls who have made good in their STUDY various countries, and have in their We are happy here to give the an- youth come to know the Boy of Twelve, nouncement for the last book of our who is the model for all boys and girls.

third decade as a United Study Com- As we think over the years and the mittee. The Committee, in conference great writers of our study books we with the Boards, has undertaken to are especially thankful that God has prepare a book for 1930 which will called into this missionary service men give the life stories of our great and women of such eminent ability leaders, Japanese, Chinese, Indian, and that He has allowed us all together African, Korean, and Persian. There to study the work for His cause.- could be no better summing up of re· Mrs. Henry W. Peabody.

WOMAN'S HOME MISSION

EDITED BY FLORENCE E. QUINLAN, 105 EAST 22ND STREET, NEW YORK INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS THE PRAYER OF A LONELY Dr. William Pierson Merrill, pas- STUDENT tor of the Brick Presbyterian Church, "Almighty God, our Heavenly Fa- New York City, at an interdenomina- ther, Thou hast made the earth and tional convention of pastors in Ohio the people thereon, white, yellow, red some weeks ago is quoted as having or black, at thy will and they are all said, "If it is just to punish men for good in thy sight. I beseech thee to peace talk in war time, there ought comfort me when I feel like a stran- to be some way of reaching those who ger here; help me to endure perse- indulge in war talk in peace time." cutions ;md scorns, give me wisdom The Ohio Christian News quoting this that I may understand that people said editorially under the caption of whatever complexion are all thy "Peace-time Sedition": children and thou art their Father "Unless 'j¥e really want war, we and Creator."-By a Chinese Student, have no business to talk war-to jug- printed in The Living Church.

gle figures as to comparative strength -to assert that we must have a navy BUILD FRIENDSHIPS FOR NAstrong enough to blow any other navy out of the water. National security TIONAL DEFENSE was never gained by any nation by that method. It is the men who have The National Committee on the talked peace who have brought us Cause and Cure of War has proposed every step of the progress toward a campaign in behalf of the treaty peace that we have been able to make. to renounce war among the Great It is the men who are talking peace Powers. A great movement is sweepto-day who are the real builders of ing over the world to substitute some happiness and security and prosperity form of arbitration for war when disfor America." putes arise between nations. It is the purpose of the Committee to carry Someone has said, "We must plan the news of the Briand-Kellogg nefor peace, and make it as easy as pos- gotiations to as many people as possible to maintain peace, and as stupid sible and to invite them to unite in as possible to wage war." expressions of public opinion support- ing the proposed multilateral treaty And another says, "In time of war renouncing war among the Great the people of a nation bend every en- Powers. (Definitions: A multilateral ergy toward war; in time of peace, treaty is a group treaty signed by all should bend every energy toward several or many nations; a bilateral permanent maintenance of peace." or bi-party treaty is one signed by two nations.) International Relations Publications (15 cents) is a new bibliography pre- The women of the nine organizapared by the World Peace Foundation, tions composing the National Com- 40 Mt. Vernon Street, Boston, Mass.

It lists pUblications of forty-one mittee on the Cause and Cure of War, American organizations, with brief while endeavoring to make a demondescription of each publication, so stration of popular opinion in the that one can quickly get some idea United States, have no desire to ex- of its contents. It is very convenient clude from this campaign other in- for those who want to know what is terested organizations or people. All now available in this field. citizens and all organization!! 1!-,e ~1)..~ 667

vited to cooperate in securing the pas- treaty severally with each other to subsage of the following resolution mit their differences to arbitration and, favoring this proposal, at any kind furthermore, thirty of these nations of representative meeting. have absolutely proscribed war each with the other; and The campaign in behalf of the treaty is not confined to the United WHEREAS, The established policy of States. Twenty-three organizations the United States, as instanced notably in Great Britain have united in a in the Root and Bryan treaties, is peacecommittee to conduct a similar move- ,ful settlement of disputes between our ment there. They will plan their work country and other nations, be it through the summer and make a short, intense campaign in the autumn, be- Resolved, That we welcome the corginning with a great public meeting respondence and negotiations now proin Albert Hall, London. They have ceeding between the Great Powers of invited the Committee on the Cause the world-France, Germany, Great and Cure of War to send representa- Britain, Italy, Japan and the United tives from the United States. to speak States-proposing a multilateral treaty at that meeting. It is probable a proscribing war between themselves and similar great meeting will be held engaging by solemn pledges to find in New York and that British speak- peaceful methods of settling any dispute ers will parti<;ipate. The women of arising, and be it further France and Germany are also beginning to move in the same direction. Resolved, That we hereby pledge to this undertaking our earnest and active WILL YOU HELP? support, and urge this and succeeding administrations of the United States per- sistently to prosecute these negotiations until such a treaty is ratified.

Slogan "BUILD FRIENDSHIPS, NOT WAR- SHIPS, FOR NATIONAL DEFENSE"

The Resolution Plan of. ClUIlpaign (Information to be filled in for each meet- State Conferences ing at which the resolution is passed. At every meeting where the resolution is adopted The National Committee invites the four copies should be attested and two of representatives of the nine organizations these Rhould h~ ~iv(ln to. a committee whnst' of which it is composed to call and to duty it will be to take charge of the resolu- hold a conference in each of the fortytions passed witbin the state by the united eight states for the purpose of spreading organizations. TIle other two should be sent public education concerning the proposto Miss Elizabeth Morris. 1010 Grand Central als, their aim and meaning, and to which Terminal Building. New York City.) a resolution may be presented for adop- tion. Adopted at ……………………. . (State character of meetinl!;) Local Conferences By vote of ….. FOR to ….. AGAINST Regional, county, city, town, village, -or UNANIMOUSLY and rural conferences organized with Town or City …. . . . . .. State ……. . the same aim and by the same methods Date ……. . are earnestly urged. Under auspices of ……………… . Other Organizations ( OrganilZation) Chairman of meeting …………… . Resolutions passed by any organiza- Address ………………………. . tion other than one of the nine which Secretary …………………….. . compose the National Committee, and Address ……………….. , ……. . which have been given into the charge of the state committee, should be treated WHEREAS, The rising tide of public in the same manner. opinion throughout the world favors reason not force, arbitration not battles as Branches the means of settling disputes between nations; and Each of the nine organizations is urged to present this resolution for WHEREAS, World opinion is coming to adoption to each of its branches throughregard war as an obsolete, ineffective out the country. Collectively, the nine and uncivilized instrument of national organizations are urged to secure the policy, albeit the institutions of peace passage of the resolution through as are not yet completely agreed upon nor many other gatherings as possible. fully established but are in the process Churches, clubs, forums, men's luncheon of progressive and successful develop- meetings are suitable fields for the conment; and sideration of the resolution.

WHEREAS, Fifty-six of the sixty-four PASS THE NEWS ON! nations of the world have agreed by

WOMAN'S HOME MISSION BULLETIN

History of the Proposal sent broadcast for other nations to con- sider the proposal. The press comment April 6, 1927: The French Minister around the world indicates a surprised of Foreign Affairs, M. Briand, an- sense of shock that a definite, official nounced in a speech that a treaty "out- proposal is actually before mankind de- lawing war" between France and the manding attention, that would "outlaw" United States, as a substitute for the war, that is, make it no longer a legal Root treaty about to expire, would be "instrument," and that would drive na- agreeable to France. tions to find other methods if trouble should arise. A minority in any country June 20, 1927: Public opinion having and a majority in some will surely find vigorously supported the idea in both the plan "preposterously idealistic." A countries he presented an official pro- vision of perpetual peace confronts the posal to the Department of State that world! Will nations be too timid, too France and the United States should distrustful, too ambitious to make it a "renounce war as an instrument of pol- reality? The people alone can answer. icy toward each other" and agree to settle by peaceful means any dispute A Few Quotations arising. "If this generation fails to devise December 28, 1927: Secretary Kellogg means for preventing war, it will desaw a shadow in the background of such serve the disaster which surely will ;)e a treaty: the United States might only visited upon it. Later generations wjJJ go to war with the enemies of France; not be likely to act if we fail."–Calvin therefore he returned a counter propos- Coolidge, President of the United State.•. al that France and the United States join in a proposal to all the principal "Everywhere and always France will powers of the world, viz.: France, Ger- remain in the front ranks of the nations many, Great Britain, Italy, Japan, and to maintain peace."-Aristide Briand, the United States, "to renounce war be- French Minister of Foreign Affairs. tween themselves as an instrument of policy." "Who in Europe does not know that one more war in the West and the civili- January 5, 1928: At this point M. zation of the ages will fall with as great Briand saw a possible difficulty. Fifty- a shock as that of Rome?"-Stanley six nations, members of the League of Baldwin, British Prime Minister, 1926. Nations, have agreed to settle their differences by arbitration and are bound The National Committee to unite in punishing any recalcitrant member that violates its pledge and goes The National Committee on the to war. This has never happened; but Cause and Cure of War is composed it might, and France saw a possible of: conflict in her treaty promises. M. Briand therefore made a counter pro- American Association of University posal: that the six Great Powers should Women. not agree to renounce all war, but only war of aggression. Council of Women for Home Missions. Federation of Women's Boards of For- February 28, 1928: By this date the eign Missions of North America. entire world was watching the conver- General Federation of Women's Clubs. sations with astonished interest, as each National Board of the Young Women's great nation drove the other into broad- Christian Associations. er pronouncements. Secretary Kellogg National Council of Jewish Women. asked why it could be possible to re- National League of Women Voters. nounce war between France and the National Woman's Christian Temper- United States if it were not possible to ance Union. do so among a large number. National Women's Trade Un ion League. March 30, 1928: To this query M. Briand replied with a more specific ex- The national office is 1010 Grand planation: that if a war should break Central Terminal Building, New York out between Czecho-Slovakia and Ger- City. Mrs. Carrie Chapman Catt is many, or Jugo-Slavia and Italy the Chairman; Miss Elizabeth Morris is Great Powers, except the United States Executive Secretary. which is not a member of the League, would be expected to unite in bringing (Adapted from announcement by the Na~ punishment upon the belligerent mem- tional Committee on the Cause and Cure of ber that had violated her pledge; but War. For informative material regarding the he added, let the treaty not be confined treaty negotiations apply to the World Peace to the six Great Powers, let it include Foundation, 40 Mt. Vernon Street, Boston, all the chief nations of the world. 1.fa~s" for its pamphlet-30 cents-of' t() thf' National League of Women Voters, 1010 Grand April 20, 1928: The' discussions rest Central Terminal Bldg" New York City for at this point and invitations have been a briefer digest entitled "The Multilateral Treaty"-5 cents.)

ORLD..WlDE

EUROPE G. H. Morrison said that he had al- ways held that the most important "American-European Fellowship" event in the religious life of Scotland in the last seventy years was the visit T HREE organizations which have of Mr. Moody. He spoke of its im- been at work in Europe, chiefly mediate fruits in the conversion of among Russians and Jews, namely, the multitudes, many of them in the prime Christian Testimony to Jews, the of life and youth, and quoted the late Russian Evangelization Society, and Dr. Alexander Whyte of Edinburgh as the American-European Fellowship, having said to him, "In those days have now merged under the title, "The every second man one met in Princes American-European Fellowship for Street was carrying a Bible in his Christian Oneness and Evangeliza- hand." But, said Dr. Morrison, when tion." A number of missionaries and he remembered the work of the Glasnative workers are laboring in Central gow Association and all that had origand Eastern Europe under the au- inated in the inspiring influence of spices of this society, among them be- Mr. Moody, he felt how still more ing Rev. Paul Mishkoff and helpers wonderfully the fruits had remained. in the earthquake zone of Bulgaria; Rev. and Mrs. R. W. Hill and native Patriotic Bulgarian Girls helpers in Roumania; Rev. Charles Lukesh and Miss Edna Kauffman in T HE students in a Methodist mis- Czechoslovakia; Rev. John Koval- sion school for girls in Bulgaria chuck, Fred Stettler and others, in have sent an ardent appeal for Amer- Poland. Rev. A. Dobrinin in Finland ican sympathy, from which the followis editing a magazine which is being ing is quoted: "It is neither fair nor circulated among Russians in twelve right to label Bulgarians as war countries. A number of Bible schools lovers. No one will ever know the in Europe are assisted by this society, unspeakable suffering that Bulgaria which is also stimUlating the distribu- bore through five hundred long years tion of Bibles and evangelical liter- under the Turks. The heart of Amerature. Its headquarters are at 156 ica went out to Armenia but the Bul- Fifth Ave., New York City, under the garian people bore similar treatment care of Rev. Norman J. Smith, with through five centuries. If we have Col. E. N. Sanctuary as sec'y-treas., had wars they were in the name of and Rev. W. S. Hottel, general director freedom from oppressors who forbade and editor of the missionary organ, us to speak our own language or to recently enlarged, The European worship our God. It was only fifty Harvest Field. years ago that Bulgaria became free of the Turkish yoke and in that time Moody'. Memory in Glasgow AT THE annual meeting of the Glas- we feel that we have made wonderful gow United Evangelistic ASljoci- progress. We have had to build from ation, special tribute was paid to nothing and our schools, churches, Dwight L. Moody, whose evangelistic theatres, universities and cities show campaign in Glasgow in 1874 led to what we have done. We do not wish the formation of the Association. Dr. Americans to praise us or condemn us, 670 but we pray that they may understand ;;hree nationalities on the board of how we are struggling to make a directors. Suspicion and prejudice better Bulgaria." had to be fought, with every meeting conducted in three languages. There "Church Concord" in Hungary was in the beginning a constant spirit of criticism and misunderstanding, I r IS reported from Lutheran sources but now after six years some progress that the 200,000 Protestants in has been made. Not only are the Budapest desire to erect a monument women working together, after generto Luther and another to Calvin, the ations of racial hatreds, but they are first to be located in Deak Place in developing a real feeling of affection front of a Lutheran church, and the for each other. other in Calvin Place before a Reformed church. This simple desire of Religious Chaos in Russia Protestants to honor their historic leaders is not to be granted without a T HE chaotic conditions which prefight. An official Roman Catholic body vail in Russian religious life today has protested on the ground that the are reflected in the contradictory charerection of the monuments would be acter of two reports recently received instrumental in disturbing the present from that country. One, given in the state of church concord. According magazine published by the Moody Bible to Neues Leben, published in Czecho- Institute, states: "The All-Russian slovakia, more than thirty per cent of Evangelical Christian Union, of which the population is Protestant, but the Rev. 1. S. Prokhanoff is president, "church concord would long since have has obtained from the Russian Soviet ceased to exist were the Protestants Government the first permit to print but thirty per cent as intolerant as Bibles in the language of the people. the leaders of Catholicism and the Foreign missionaries and foreignhigh clergy." The Catholic Church in printed Bibles are not admitted to the Hungary is very wealthy, possessing country….. The Soviet Government, a vast amount of property, far in ex- which officially recognizes no religion cess of the property of Protestant and no God, has given to the All-Ruschurches. The Catholics explain this sian Evangelical Christian Union a condition by declaring that it is of very fine piece of land in the heart of divine origin. Leningrad, on which to erect a Bible training institution, provided a large Interracial Y. W. C. A. in La.tvia building is erected in a specified time. The Christian Union has already esr ATVIA after the World War pre- tablished a training school for teach- ers, missionaries and preachers, with L sented a complex problem to the a capacity for seventy-five students, but there is a waiting list of more Young Women's Christian Associa- than six hundred." tion. Crossed repeatedly by contending armies during the war, alternately The second, quoting the periodical the posesssion of Russia and Ger- Antireligiosnik, gives the following as many, desperately poor, with so many the aims of the Soyua Bezbozhnikow men killed that the women have had to (Association of the Godless) : serve both as bread-earners and breadmakers, there remained, in addition to (a) The S. B. is to become a massthis depressing material condition, an organization. (b) Thousands of godless interracial hatred that was over- hamlets and villages are to be created. powering. It became increasingly (c) The method of anti-religious propaclear to the Association that, if it was ganda is to be carefully worked out. going to fulfill its great purpose, it (d) A serious anti-religious literature is must serve the Russians and Germans to be called into being and with it a as well as the Latvian people. The group of anti-religious specialists. first step was to put women of the (e) International relations are to be cultivated and confirmed.

AFRICA Christian speakers, the Bible study classes, and, no less, the social, athletic Mission Schools Like Minarets and educational activities pack the As- sociation with eager Egyptians." Mr. K AMIL EFFENDI MANSOUR, an Smith calls the Cairo building "a Egyptian writing on the subject demonstration center from which the of education in his native land, is Association will spread into every quoted in The Congregationalist as large city and provincial capital of saying: Egypt." Two Egyptian secretaries are now being trained in the Unite:! "When the Christian missionaries States and five more in Cairo. The first entered our country the true light work at Alexandria will be resumed of education started to shine upon us. this fall. But we refused in the beginning to go to any Christian school for fear of Abyssinian Boy Preachers having our religious beliefs changed. So for some time only Christian Egyp- THE most encouraging part of the tians profited from the teaching, with work of the United Presbyterian the result that they were able to hold Church in Gorei, Abyssinia, according almost all the government offices until to one correspondent, is "the way the the Moslems began to have more con- boys, large and small, are carrying the fidence in these mission schools, and Gospel to their own people. Every Frisent their boys and girls to them in day afternoon Miss Bayne has her class large numbers. Now they often prefer of juniors out on one of the roads leadthese Christian schools even to gov- ing into Gorei, where a meeting is ernment schools, for they have found held at any house that will welcome out that these schools care more fo r them. Usually the master of the house moral and spiritual instruction, es- is asked to call in his friends, and then pecially the schools for girls. Thus, the boys, ranging from nine to twelve until popular education was introdu~ed years of age, hold their services led by by the Government, these mission Miss Bayne. Immediately after mornschools were like Christian minarets ing service the older boys start out to our country." for an afternoon of preaching. Since the :first of the year the number of Y. M. C. A. Success in Egypt people reached each week has not dropped below three hundred. This I N THE lands where Jesus as a boy past month 1,491 were reached with and man lived and worked-Pales- the Gospel by the Sabbath teams and tine and Egypt-the Y. M. C. A. today this past Sabbath 449 were in the is meeting a great need. "In Egypt, meetings. About twenty boys go out especially," says a recent report, "is in groups of two, three or four. They stalwart manhood being built by the circle the hill, stopping in villages Association in a nation which is where people are willing to listen. weighed down by the blight of illiter- Special centers have developed where acy on ninety-two per cent of its people gather each week." people and by a great gulf in thought between the intelligentsia and the Ba.ptisms in Southern Sudan masses. Under the guidance of Wilbert B. Smith, an American, the Cairo AT MERIDI, one of the stations of Central Y. M. C. A. was launched in .tl.the Church Missionary Society in 1923 in the former palace of His Ex- the Southern Sudan, great rejoicing cellency Nubar Pasha, former prime took place recently, when a large minister of Egypt. In a city which is crowd assembled on the river banks the intellectual center of the Moslem for the first baptismal service, and world, as the seat of Al Azhar Uni- five young men and one woman were versity, the Y. M. C. A.'s free dis- admitted to the church. Before being cussions of religious problems, the actually baptized the converts turned opportunities it offers to hear noted

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

to their respective relatives and stated first courses for higher education in- that they were separating themselves troduced in Inanda have been well from all heathen customs, and that at supported. Of the two hundred girls their death they did ~ot wish "medi- enrolled, one quarter take industrial cine" to be put on their graves, or training, twenty-five hours a week; that their bodies should be taken away one quarter are in what would corre· from the Christians. "It is a joy," spond roughly with academic high reports a missionary, "to see such bold school courses; and a half are taking witnessing for Christ." Another the national normal high school train- hopeful sign in this district is the ing. The enrollment has doubled opening in the near future of three since Miss Margaret Walbridge, the new out-schools in villages near, these present principal, took charge. Her to be in charge of three keen Christian specialties are the training of indus- boys. trial teachers, and home economics adapted to the needs of African life.

Native Rites an Obstaele Since she has been at Inanda, the staff THE story of a young African chief, of the industrial department has in- who gave up his chieftainship creased from one native teacher to rather than abandon any of his Chris- five. When Dr. Mabel Carney of tian principles, is told by Dr. Arthur Teachers' College, New York City, L. Piper, Methodist medical mission- visited the Seminary about a year ago, ary in the Belgian Congo, who con- she spoke of it as one of the outstandtinues ; "We have had a tense problem ing educational forces in Africa, esto face in the question of Kwikala, one pecially in its influence on the womanof the rites this Christian chief re- hood of the whole section.

fused to follow, which has been facing South African Conference the native church, the missionaries, and the government officials for two WITH its general subject "The years. It consists in snapping the Reintegration of Native Life on a fingers in a certain way before a chief Christian Basis," the Triennial Genwhen you come near him, or especially eral Missionary Conference of South when you are required to serve him Africa was held at the adjoining infood, or otherwise wait upon him. It stitutions of Lovedale and Fort Hare, shows respect to the chief, but it also Victoria East, Cape ~rovince, from means acknowledging the chief as June 26th to 29th. The opening of the your supreme being. The native discussions was largely in the hands Christians have refused to follow this of speakers who attended the conferlong·established custom, and many ence on Africa held last summer at have been severely punished by their Le Zoute, Belgium, and the closing chiefs for their neglect. Our Chris- debates were led by speakers newly tians insist on the right of religious returned from the International Misliberty, whereas the chiefs insist upon sionary Conference at Jerusalem. The the kwikala. The Government and announcement· of the conference the missionaries, have so far been un- stated; "It is generally recognized able really to settle the problem." that the old social and religious life of the native peoples in South Africa Training Zulu HOD1e Makers is in the process of unbounded dis- integration. The situation is of such THE government director of educa- gravity as calls for, in the words of tion for South Africa has decided Rev. J. H. Oldham, 'an outburst of new to make Inanda Seminary, established forces comparable to the breaking in Zululand by American Board mis- forth of fresh life in the Church, more sionaries sixty years ago, the center for than a century ago, which led to the the first of the experimental stations birth of the missionary societies which in industrial teacher training. The we represent.' "

5

THE NEAR EAST phasized by the concession that the Robert Wilder's New Field imprisonment might take place in the I T HAS been announced in the RE- mission school at Brousa, the three VIEW that Robert P. Wilder who ladies being confined merely to the is best known in the United States grounds of the school." The case has and Great Britain through his rela- been appealed to a higher court, tions with the Student Volunteer where, the state having been complete- Movement, had accepted the position ly secularized in Turkey by constituof Executive Secretary, with head- tional provision since the alleged ofquarters in Cairo, of a new organi- fense at the Brousa school took place, zation' The Christian Council for most people feel that an entirely new Western Asia and Northern Africa. construction may be put upon the Further information about his work whole matter.

will be of interest to Mr. Wilder's Religious Freedom in Palestine many friends: The field of the Council includes the following countries: ONE of the most significant results Morocco, and Mauretania, Algeria, of the British mandate in Pales- Tunisia, Tripolitania, Egypt, the Su- tine is the fact that the British Govdan, Abyssinia, Palestine, Syria, Tur- ernment has passed a law which allows key, Cyprus, Greece, A I ban i a, a Moslem to become a Christian if Yugo-Slavia, Roumania, B u I gar i a, he so desires. During the past six Trans-Caucasia, Iraq, Persia, and years eight or nine Mohammedans Arabia. These lands represent a total have been baptized in Jerusalem, but population of about 135,000,000, of the work among them and the Jews whom approximately 70,000,000 are continue to be difficult. There is as Moslems, nearly all of whom speak yet not much evidence of the beginthe Arabic language. Within this nings of a religious awakening within area is Mecca, the religious center of the Greek Orthodox Church in Pales- Islam, and Cairo, which is the intel- tine. The higher clergy are mostly lectual center of Islam. There are from Greece. The most significant working in this field over one hundred movement is taking place just now Protestant missionary societies, with in a Galilee village where forty Monearly 1,600 missionaries connected hammedan families-about 110 indiwith them. . viduals-are enrolled as enquirers for Christian baptism. Even though con- Verdict of Brous& Conrt siderable land has been offered to them by leading Moslems if they do not T HE trial of the Misses Sanderson, leave Islam, they still persist in main- Day and Jilson, three American taining their purpose to become Chris- Congregational teachers in Turkey, tians. for alleged violations of the law against classroom instruction in re- Persian Schools ReopeJl ligious matters was not only referred T HE new Persian law which, by to in the March REVIEW, but has been forbidding the teaching of the Biwidely reported in the daily papers. ble and requiring the teaching of the The verdict of the lower court, about Moslem law in all schools made the May 1st, was "Guilty" and the pen- carrying on of missionary schools alty was imprisonment for three days practically impossible, was reported in and a fine of three lira each (about the April REVIEW. The Church Mis- $13.00) . sionary Society, which is at work in "There is every evidence," says The southern Persia on terms of close fel- Potters Wheel, "that the judge felt lowship with the American Presby- compelled to take some action on ac- terians in the north, reported later in count of the sentiment aroused. But the spring: "The Minister of Educa- the lightness of the sentence is em- tion responsible for that law has re-

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

signed and his successor and those "Near Slavery" in India associated with him are not enforcing it, but instead have stated that from T HIS is the term often applied to June first all schools must give secular the condition of the depressed instruction only, thus excluding the classes in India, of whom The Indian Bible, Koran, and Shari'yat alike. If 'Witness says: "There is, as yet, no it is possible for the Bible to be taught province in India, so far as we are out of school hours, as in Japan, and aware, where their elementary rights for Christian hostels to be carried on, are fully protected. Even where the a strong, clear witness can stilI be intention of the law is to protect these given in the country." Confirmation of classe's from injustice, the processes this more liberal attitude was received of the law are expensive and the preda- by the Presbyterian Board of Foreign tory classes are able to defeat it." Missions when it was informed re- In its annual meetings in 1927 and cently by the Division of Near East- 1928 the United Provinces Christian ern Affairs of the Department of State Council expressed itself as gravely in Washington that mission schools concerned over the relations between in Hamadan and Daulatabad, Persia, the depressed classes and "those who which were closed by order of the have social and economic power over Persian Government, have been reop- them," and asked the National Chris- ened. tian Council to arrange for an inquiry into "the forms of oppression or of INDIA AND SIAM social and economic subservience" un- der which these large sections of the School for Afghan Girls Indian people suffer.

T HE recent visit to Europe of the The wrongs specified as needing in- Amir of Afghanistan and his wife vestigation are forced, underpaid labor, provided a great deal of "copy" for enforced gifts, hindrances to agricultural newspaper reporters, and also gave improvements, bribery, deprival of ten- new zest to the prayers of those who ancy rights, the impossibility of securing for many years have realized that Af- land, serfdom imposed by debts, depriva- ghanistan is still unoccupied by any tion of hereditary rights, denial of water missionary of the Cross. An inter- rights, hindrances to attendance at view reported to have been given by schools and restriction of freedom of the queen while in Brussels to a repre- conscience and religion. sentative of the Chicago Tribune, is thus quoted: "'I am the first woman Wonten's Conference in Lahore in Afghanistan to work for the eman- cipation of the women of my country AN EDUCATIONAL conference held and for women's education,' her maj- ftin the Y. W. C. A. building in esty said. 'I collaborate from afar in Lahore, the capital of the Punjab, is the great work of women's progress thus described by Mrs. John B. Weir: in the world.' The queen explained "It was attended by Indian women, that she had founded the first girls' some of more education and some of school in Afghanistan and told of the less; English women interested in ed- fierce resistance the idea met from old- ucational advancement, and American fashioned Mohammedans. A revolt women, most of them missionaries, ac- broke out, but it was firmly suppressed tually engaged in some form of wom- by the king. A memorial stone at en's work. The chairman was an Kabul commemorates the battle fought English lady. The opening address for women's educational freedom. 'At was given by the Rani of Mandi, that present,' she continued, 'eight hun- is, a princess of a native state. The dred girls are enrolled in this school address was thoughtful and full of and are reared like European girls. the ideas of a new day for women. My mother directs the school and I Resolutions had previously bee n , help her as far as I can.' " brought forward by various people, and the discussion waxed strong on some of them, such as on the question

of the proper marriageable age for to me one day. 'Oh, we are out to girls. I thought back to nine years convert you to Christianity,' said I. ago, when I first came to India. At 'Well you are sure to succeed if you that time such a conference would keep up your zeal and enthusiasm for have been practically impossible." a little longer time,' replied the man. The week was ended by a procession South Indian Mass Movement of the Christians through the main streets of the city. Banners with MUCH has been written of the mass striking verses were made for the oc- movement to Christianity among casion. The non-Christians requested the outcaste people in the territory in us to stop in front of their shops and North India where the American sing Christian bhajans to them." Methodist Episcopal Church is at work. Less is known in the United Unite to Win Bena.res Pilgrims States of a similar movement in South India, concerning which a representa- REPORTS have come from India of tive of the Church Missionary Society an united effort among English writes: "In our area alone 30,000 missionaries to reach Benares pilgrims converts have been won between 1921 with the Gospel. Representatives of and 1927, and 43,000 since 1916. It the Church and the London Missionary took seventy-five years to win the first Societies have joined with a commitfifty thousand, but little more than tee of the Wesleyan Ministers' Misfive years to win the next fifty thou- sionary Union in the determination sand. About half the outcastes in that something effective shall be atthis area have thus been won in the tempted to influence the crowds of last eighty years. The remaining half pilgrims who come to Benares in the probably can be won in the next five search for merit in the temples or years. Under the able leadership of salvation from their sins in "Mother Bishop Azariah the work has been Ganges" water. The first missionary thoroughly organized and Indianized. to lead this new united campaign will Indians are filling posts of a kind be the Rev. J. C. Jackson of the L. M. once reserved for Europeans. A di- S., a man said to be powerful in the vinity school has been opened during vernacular and versed in Hindu ways the last five years. There are nearly and thought. Around him it is hoped 1,000 day schools at work with a total to gather Indian Christian workers of over 21,000 scholars, and in addi- from the various language areas of tion to these 150 night schools have India so that the polyglot crowd of been opened." pilgrims who flock to Benares may hear there "in their own tongue" the A Stirring Week in Ludhia.na. story of a Real Saviour. Benares city has a population of over two hun- THE Punjab Christian Council ap- dred thousand people, not counting pointed a week in the spring for the hundreds of thousands of pilgrims a special evangelistic campaign, pre- who merely pass through. ceded by a week of preparation. The effort made in Ludhiana is thus des- Child Mothers in India. To-da.y cribed by Rev. B. C. Ishwardas in The Indian Standard: "The entire T HERE are already in India, acchurch community was divided into cording to census figures, about fifteen preaching bands. Special care twelve million Indian wives who are was taken that every important lo- under fifteen years of age, about 300,- cality in the city was visited by some 000 being under the age of five. With group or other. Very soon there was so many as twelve million little girls commotion and excitement in the city. in India in the position of becoming 'What has gone wrong with you Chris- mothers, many of whom are mothers, tians?' said a leading Arya Samajist no wonder the Indian race has such

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an uphill battle in life. This is not nese Christian Church looks upon the taking into account the 396,556 Indian anti-Christian movement as a healthwidows who are under fifteen years giving and corrective influence to be old, over fifteen thousand of these be- used for the perfection of her life. ing under five years of age. And She regards, therefore, some of the yet in face of appalling facts like anti-Christian leaders not as her enethese, the All-India Legislative As- mies but as her friends." sembly at Delhi, on March 24th, refused to raise "the age of consent" Loyalty of Chinese Wom.en from twelve years, the low figure at which it has stood for a generation, WRITING two weeks after her rethe age being raised from ten in 1891 turn to Hwai Yuen, Anhwei after a tremendous storm. "This re- Province, Miss H. R. McCurdy said: fusal of the Assembly, supposed to "Such a beautiful welcome was waitrepresent the opinion of the whole of ing for us from Christians and out- India, will unquestionably do India siders alike. The children on the irreparable harm," says the Dnyano- street came running to hold our hands. daya, "in the eyes of the modern world. All of the first few days and much Here is India, or at least its intelli- of the time Bince has been Bpent in gent section, shouting itself hoarse receiving visits and in feasts of welover its rights and privileges in the come. The women came and poured democratic civilization of this twen- out their hearts in telling the history tieth century, and a vote of 54 to 36 of the year's terrors and dangers. But ensuring a continuance of girl-moth- the one dominant note was of praise erhood is received with applause from to God for His goodness in bringing the 'orthodox' portion of the Assem- them safely through …… After seebly." While the bill was pending, the ing the unspeakable filth of the empty Women's Indian Association addressed shells of foreign houses which were to the Assembly a stirring petition, occupied and looted by soldiers, I am urging the abolition of child mother- still more thankful for the courage hood, not only in order to give India and loyalty of Miss Liu and Mrs. Ling her place among civilized nations, but which enabled us to live again in our also the custom was not sanctioned perfectly preserved home. When I by the Vedas. tried to thank them they answered, 'But this is God's grace alone. We CHINA AND TIBET could not have done it otherwise. Were not many people praying for us? Enemies Friends in Disguise Was not the church in America pray- ing for us?' " DR. CHENG CHING YI, moderator of the new united Church of Ohinese Church Autonomy Christ in China, is quoted in The Congregationalist as follows: "In gen- REPORTS from the missions of vaeral, the attitude of the Chinese rious denominations in China in- Church at large is somewhat as fol- dicate the increased control which is lows: Toward those who oppose her being taken over by the Chinese Chriswith unreasoning blindness and sheer tians. At the General Synod meeting prejudice, she maintains a silent and of the Protestant Episcopal Church patient forbearance; to those who at- in Shanghai there were twelve bishtack her because of misunderstanding, ops, two of them Chinese, and sixtyshe seeks to explain her position and six clerical and lay del ega t e s, remove the misunderstanding; such fifty-five Chinese. Eight delegates charges against organized Christian- were women, five Chinese and three ity as are well-founded and true, she foreign. The House of Deputies had frankly admits and sets about to re- a Chinese chairman and secretary, for move by effecting the necessary change the first time, and it is said that this and improvement. In short, the Chi-

demonstration of Chinese leadership in perfect peace and quietness, and in the excellent handling of business has given us to see the largest fruitwas one of the achievements of the age of all our years of labor among synod. Following the announcement the aborigines in southwest China." He describes the first baptisms among of independence by the Chinese Bap- this tribe in the district. For several months previously, two evangelists, tists in South China came the action Isaac and Paul, assisted by another part-time helper named John, who is in West China by which the control an expert Lahu speaker, had been ex- amining the candidates for baptism of the American Baptist Mission there and enrolling their names. Every per- son was given a separate examination was taken over by the Chinese on May as to his faith in Christ, and also 1st. Rev. Joseph Taylor, D.D., of inquiry was made as to his conduct Chengtu reports: during the year and a half he had been a Christian. Each person was given In each central station an executive a ticket after his or her baptism had been decided upon. In all 347 people committee was formed to take over the were baptized and a church was or- ganized. work and the funds. In stations where Distributing Chinese Testameab missionaries remained at least one was GEORGE T. B. DAVIS, who has included in this executive body. These been conducting the "Million Tes- taments for China Campaign," reports committees have undertaken their work that, in spite of civil war, lack of transportation facilities, anti-Chrisin a spirit of loyalty and with a keen tian propaganda, and the absence of sense of responsibility. ' many missionaries, the work of cir- culating the Testaments has gone Developing La,. Leadership steadily forward. Thus far over 600,- 000 have been sent to missionaries, REV. RICHARD E. JENNESS, pastors, and other workers for wise Presbyterian missionary, has and careful distribution. Hermann been staying in Paoting, North China, Becker, of Hunan Province, previously during his enforced absence from his requested 8,000 Testaments for his own station, Shunteh. During the large district with 1,500,000 populawinter he and' a fellow-missionary vis- tion. Now he desires 25,000 copies. ited their former country field, of He writes: which he reports: "The country Christians welcomed us cordially ev- The first 1,000 Testaments have been erywhere. As a new departure the given away in this city. The blessing country evangelists have been organ- received far exceeds our expectations. ized into an evangelistic band under The Christians are more than ever readthe leadership of Pastor Liu. This ing their Bibles. Our meetings are full band goes about from town to town of those who are wanting to learn more and from village to village, spending about Christ. Many have decided for a week or two in each place holding Christ, and have given their names as evangelistic services. In the centers inquirers. When we have received more where they used to be permanently Testaments, we shall start at our eleven located, the local Christians have as- out-stations. sumed responsibility for the Sunday and mid-week services, taking turn When the soldiers had to retreat, they about in leading. Thus we are trying forced the people to carry their goods. to develop lay leaders and preachers. One of the Christians were taken. He The people are responding well to this said: "I am a Christian." The soldiers plan." A class was ,held for a month said: "How can you prove it?" He took early in the year for the training of his small Testament out of his pocket those preachers. and the soldiers let him go.

BaptisDls ADlong the Lahu T HE China Inland Mission in Yun- nan Province have been carrying on work among the Lahu people, of which Rev. Carl G. Gowman writes: "God in His goodness and grace has allowed the work here to go forward

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Lutheran Church in China patrons. 'Christians give fair meas- AT PRESENT a chain of eighteen ure when you buy of them,' the barber clinched his argument. And the misi'l.Lutheran missions extends from sionary, who had thought that he alone Kwangtung in the south, through the would have a good word to say for central provinces of Hunan, Hupeh and his faith found instead that everyone Honan to Shangtung in the north- excepting the man who started the east, where the former North Berlin, discussion had a hearty respect for now the United Lutheran Church Mis- Christianity as he had seen it pracsion is located. Manchuria is the field ticed in Japan." of the Danish Mission Society. Of these eighteen missions, four are German, two Swedish, three Norwegian, Value of a. One-Sen Book A one Finnish, one Danish, and seven LETTER received recently by Rev. D. Norman, missionary of the American. (In this enumeration, the missions from Germany, Sweden and United Church of Canada in Nagano, Norway that are affiliated with the Japan, told the following story: "One China Inland Mission are not in-· day I saw you and others preaching cluded.) After many years of prepar- on the main street of the city. Though atory work, in 1920 a confederation I hate Christianity, my heart was filled of five mission synods was effected. with wonder at your zeal. You asked Thus was organized "The Lutheran the people to buy gospels at one sen Church of China." Other mission syn- a copy. I bought a copy of Matthew.

ods joined later or have indicated their Next evening I bought Mark and Luke.

desire so to do. An organization has I said to myself: 'Surely there must thus been established which gives the be something in it, he stands there Chinese Lutheran Church an oppor- night after night with smiling face tunity to function, both in regard to and offers us the books and his reli- self-government and self-support. The gion. It cannot be for the sake of a total number of baptized adherents few sen. He comes from a far-off is about 52,000. land.' These three ideas remained in my mind as I read the books-a for- JAPAN-KOREA eigner with a smiling face, a scholar In a Japanese Barber Shop from a far-off land, and a book for ACONVERSATION among the cus- one sen. It was the turning point in tomers waiting their turn in a my life. I entered the better and barber shop in a Japanese city, is thus happier Christian way."

reported by a missionary who was one of them: "Someone began a tirade Japanese WO:mCll in Politics O against Christianity. No true Japa- NE point of view of the "new wom- en" in Japan is shown in these nese could follow a foreign religion like that; no one who respected the statements quoted from Japanese Emperor could adopt a religion which newspapers: Madame Yoshioka says: put another allegiance ahead of every "Men fail in governing the country patriot's duty to the ruler of Japan. because they are impractical. Women, Besides, everyone knew that this re- on the other hand, have a practical ligion was only a cloak for Western outlook on life and try to solve its imperialism. A protesting Japanese problems accordingly. As long as the voice interrupted and asked him where affairs of our country are administered he got his information. A second by men, real prosperity can never be joined in with what he knew to the realized. We women hope to do our credit of Christians. The barber added share when the time comes to lead his tale of the Buddhist merchant who our country to the right road that added the weight of his thumb to the leads to happiness." Madame Hideko goods he was weighing out for his Inouye, president of the Japan Wom-

en's University, Tokyo, who is also good looks, with one stiff hand but head of its alumnlE association with no other deformity, appeared at the two thousand members, agrees with missionary's door to say that he was Madame Wakako Yamada that all po- that man on his way back home, and litical actions should have for their that he stopped en route to express direct object the properity and hap- his gratitude. He drew down his piness of the entire nation. Accord- stockings to show where the numer- ingly, immediate problems of life, ous ulcers had been, now only scars.

such as the price of commodities and No ordinary observer would suspect excise taxes, must be settled in such that he had ever been a leper. He a way that the prosperity of the peo- said: "Not only for the healing of ple is guaranteed. my body am I thankful, but I found the Saviour at the asylum, am cleansed Bibles for Oriental Travelers from sin as well, and am returning AT THE request of Samuel R. Boggs, home to teach all the lepers I meet f t then president of the National how to be cured, and to tell my people Gideons Association, Rev. M. L. Swine- of the Gospel."-Record of Christian hart, Southern Methodist missionary Work.

in Kwangju, Korea, undertook to di- rect a campaign in Japan and China Korean Fasting Societies F looking to· the placing of Bibles in RESH proof of the devotion of Ko- rean Christians is found in the the guest rooms of hotels. As a result of this campaign 2,000 Bibles, about story of an American Methodist mis- half in English and the balance in sionary in Yengpyen, who tells how Japanese and Korean, have been placed some five years ago the Christians in the guest rooms of these hotels. there organized fasting bands all over These cost an average of $1.00 each. the district, and each Sunday noon Capt. Robert Dollar, president of the they fast and pray for the boys'

Dollar Steamship Line, is very much school. He continues: "To-day when interested in this work, and in addi- the time comes for the collection they tion to placing a Bible in each cabin bring forth the little bags represent- of his fleet of steamers, he provides ing the rice they would otherwise have free transportation for all Bibles sent eaten that noon. That rice goes into to the Orient, and recently urged that the box in the corner, and when the a campaign in the Orient, the Straits box is filled it is sold and the proceeds 'Settlement and the Near East be un- go to help pay the expenses of the dertaken, to which he agreed to make school . . . . . . Fasting societies are all a very substantial contribution. Mr. too common in Korea. In a land where Swinehart says that Capt. Dollar re- the average farm is less than three ports an average of twelve Bibles lost acres per family and where ninety per on each of the round-the-world trips cent of the people live by farming, of his steamers, but he would be glad money is not plentiful. And so when to replace everyone each trip, for, a new church is to be erected or an he says, "Anyone who steals a Bible old one repaired or when a new school wants it, and that is what I place them is needed, the local Christians are al- in the cabins of my ships for." most sure to adopt the plan of fasting one meal a week to help raise the A Leper Doubly Cleansed needed funds."

T WO years ago a horribly dirty leper came to a missionary's door at Korean "Church Rice Bags" R Chungju, Korea, asking alms. He re- EV. CHARLES A. SAUER, Meth- odist Episcopal missionary in ceived travel expenses and a letter of introduction-containing a promisory Yengpyen, Korea, writes of a report note—to the leper asylum at Kwangju. received from a Korean district sup- Recently a clean Korean of average erintendent: "He mentions one poor

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circuit as having made an increase other extreme and eliminating alto- in its annual contribution for min- gether the religious idea from the isterial support as well as benevol- curriculum. There should have been ences. I wonder how they can do it. provided a method of transition . . .

But he explains. At each home the The change to purely secular educa- mother places on the wall a bag tion was too sudden . . . As a result marked with her name. Each day as . . . the mistaken impression prevails she prepares the daily meals she takes that the American people are not re- from the bowl of rice normally allotted ligious-a nation indifferent to Chris- to each person one spoonful of un- tianity."

cooked rice which goes into that bag on the wall. On Sunday morning that Two Filipinos' Offering bag goes to church and finds its place T WO men, members of the church in the 'collection' box near the door. in the town of Bay, Laguna, in the It is the contribution of her family Philippines, recently visited a Presand herself for the support of the byterian missionary, who writes of church-taken from the food they them: "The church in their town has would otherwise have eaten. The rice become scattered and broken up, due is later sold and the bag returned to to the falling into sin of the president its place on Monday morning for its of the congregation. No services have daily portions throughout another been held for more than a year. But week. The church treasurer credits these two men have never forgotten each with the proceeds of its 'contri- their privileges and obligations. They bution.' " have read their Bibles in their homes ISLANDS OF THE SEA and they have had their family prayers. Every year they have Need of Filipino Students brought some little offering to the writer, to express their interest in I N EMPHASIZING the importance the work of Christ's Church. They in the Philippines of student hos- are poor men, day laborers, dependent tels and other centers under evan- on their scant wage for the support gelical auspices, Rev. J. L. Underwood of themselves and their families. But quotes the following from a speech by here they came, each with a package Dean Bocobo, of the Law School in wrapped up in newspaper. Oneman's Manila: "The Filipino is losing his offering amounted to $7.50 and that faith in God. In spite of the fanati- of the other to $9. That may not seem cism and superstition which enslaved much to friends at home. But most the Filipino conscience during the church members with regular services Spanish regime, it is undeniable that and the stimulus of constant preachhe believed in the eternal truth of ing and organized life, give less an- Christian principles, and he ordered nually than the smaller amount for his life accordingly . .. But just as the Church as a whole. I knew the the Filipino was blinded by the dark- sacrifice represented the times when ness of ecclesiastical dogma under they must have been sorely tempted Spanish rule, he is also spiritually to go to the place of the little saving blinded by the dazzling light of new for something for the family needs." ideas under the American regime. One of the main causes for present irreverence is the bungling and illadvised policy of proscribing God Honolulu Y. W. C. A. Service H from the public schools. When the ONOLULU has a Young Women's Christian Association that serves principle of freedom of worship was inaugurated and the American Gov- girls of twelve nationalities. A series ernment first laid down its educational of "at homes" at which girls of each policies here, the great blunder was nationality were in turn hostesses was made Of suddenly swinging to the a recent feature. Honolulu has be-

come so Americanized that its Y. W. Denominations Communicants Gains C. A. is a typical big-city Association corresponding to one in New York Roman Catholic … 16,735,691 174,889 or Chicago says Miss Lucie Ford, its Methodist Episcopal 4,592,004 46,138 General Secretary. Six thousand people use the building monthly. The Southern Baptist.. 3,765,001 57,478 new building is an imposing one with its pool, terraces, and loggias, set in National B a p ti s t a picturesque setting of palm and cocoanut trees opposite the Palace. (Col.) ……… 3,253,369 d57,600 Girl stowaways from the United Methodist Episcopal, States not infrequently come to find work in Honolulu on their way around South …•…… 2,567,962 29,651 the world. Miss Ford said recently: Presbyterian, U. S. "Two such girls were Stanford University graduates. They finally got A…………. . 1,885,727 17,672 work after long looking and borrow- Disciples of Christ ing money. Our own girls, however, 1,481,376 44,801 feel a little resentful toward girls of Northern Baptist .. 1,392,820 18,132 this type. It does not seem fair to Protestant Episcopal 1,190,938 beat one's Wqy and then expect help Congregationalists . 17,259 because of the spectacular method." 914,698 NORTH AMERICA T"Completing the Reformation" HIS is the slogan adopted for its Church Membership Gains official declaration by the General Committee of the Men's Church League ALTHOUGH it was reported earlier of the United States and Canada at its annual meeting on June 15, 1928. .tl. that 3,269 Presbyterian churches, This declaration reads: "The supreme need of twentieth century Christianity 3,474 Baptist churches, 1,841 Congre- is personal devotion to Christ, togational churches, and 4,651 Meth- gether with full participation by lay odist Episcopal churches failed to re- members of the Church in all of its port a single convert on profession of plans and work. The Reformation faith in 1927, the church census pre- made history through its insistence pared by Dr. H. K. Carroll and pub- upon every Christian's direct access lished in The Christian Herald shows by faith to God in Christ. The work that the churches of the United States begun by the Reformation can be comgained 573,723 members last year, pleted only by the recognition of permaking the total number of communi- sonal responsibility by each Christian cants 48,594,163. The 1927 gain is to carry out the commission and prolarger than that in 1926, when, ac- gram of Christ. The community, the cording to this census, the increase nation and the world wait for laymen was about 490,000. The returns for to be such Christians as reveal Christ ministers and churches in the various to others and thus enable Him to bedenominations, says Dr. Carroll, show come the Saviour of the world . . . noteworthy decreases. There is a net We declare ourselves unqualifiedly in loss of 1,387 in the number of min- favor of visitation evangelism. With isters, which now stands at 217,204, equal emphasis, we urge that the while the number of churches has de- largest possible number of church creased to 235,991- or 1,470 fewer members be organized into small disthan last year. "This," he says, trict groups to cultivate intensively a "would indicate that the process of limited area." consolidation is assuming larger proportions." Dr. Carroll's table of the Conference of New Missionaries ten largest bodies follows, the Colored Baptists showing a decrease: T HE spirit of oneness in Christ, which was so in evidence at the Jerusalem meeting of the Interna- tional Missionary Council, found fresh expression which holds great hope for the Church of the future in a conference of newly-appointed mis- sionaries, held on the campus of Princeton Theological Seminary from

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June 5th to 10th. This gathering offerings to the Presbyterian Hos- had been arranged for by the Boards pital, San Juan, Porto Rico. The of Foreign Missions of the· Presby- children in a neighborhood house that terian Church in the U. S. A., the reaches mainly Jewish boys and girls Methodist Episcopal Church and the are helping an Indian and a Chinese Reformed Church in America, and the boy through school."

American Baptist Foreign Mission- ary Society. Leading board secre- Problems of Indian Youth taries and returned missionaries of T HE problems of American-born these four denominations were pres- Japanese young people were reent as presiding officers and speakers, ferred to in the July REVIEW. Anand a daily vesper service was con- other American citizen in difficulty ducted by Rev. J. Ross Stevenson, because of his relationship with two D.D., President of Princeton Sem- civilizations is the Indian youth, who inary. Two hours of each day were stands between the old civilization of given to a course in phonetics as a his parents and the new civilization of general preparation for language the white man, and belongs to neither. study. The new missionaries present, In the school he has gone ahead learnforty-five of whom were Presby- ing new things about which his terians, eleven Baptists, ten Method- family does not even dream. He longs ists, and three Reformed, were under to go forward to accomplish his share appointment to Africa, China, India, in this marvelous new life that is Japan, Korea, Latin America includ- opening before him. And yet, he has ing Brazil, Chile and Mexico, Persia, been taught to reverence the tradi- Siam, and Syria. tions and the wisdom of his ancestors.

What is he to do? Education has Children'. Gift.. to Others brought to the Indian young people T HE following incidents, reported new ambitions and new opportunities, by the Presbyterian Board of Na- and every year graduates from the more advanced schools are going back tional Missions, show how the founda- to the Indian country as teachers, nurses, home builders. Others are gotions of interracial friendship, as well ing out into the white communities to as of Christian generosity, are being earn a livelihood at the same jobs laid in some of the schools conducted and on the same footing as their white by that board: "When their 'Jesus neighbors. They are building new re- Bank' was opened and the boys and sources within themselves, new indegirls of Haines House, Alaska, found pendence, new hope. Some mission ten dollars in it, they immediately stations are becoming interested in asked that this go to the little Chinese community programs for the young children in Ming Quong Home, Oak- Indians on the reservations. This land, Calif., of whom their house- means a new and wholesome social mother had told them after her visit life for returned students and young there. The Friendly Indian Club of married couples. the Chemawa Indian Government School, Salem, Oregon, by saving their dues of one cent a week, accumulated nearly two dollars which Nine Fa.cts About Mormonism T they agreed should go as a Christmas HE Utah Gospel Mission sum- marizes as follows the conditions gift to some Indian boy less fortunate than they. After due deliberation in one home mission field: they decided to send this to a Navajo (1) There are now over 600,000 Mor- boy at Ganado Mission. The Junior mons, of the two main kinds–about Christian Endeavor Society at Chacon, equally dangerous. (2) About 122,000 New Mexico, composed of boys ~nd square miles of territory are dominated girls of Spanish descent, send their by Utah Mormonism, besides many smaller centers elsewhere, into which

they spread. (3) Utah Mormonism has president of the Seminary of Rio over 2,000 emissaries out proselyting, Piedras, and Dr. J. W. Harris, presiorganized with officers in eleven districts dent of 'the Polytechnic Institute, are of this country and several across the members of the presbytery, but enwater. (4) These emissaries teach un- gaged in educational work entirely. true and often wicked doctrines, all contrary to the Bible and reason, and dan- The Trinidad Mission Jubilee gerous in their effects. (5) They get approximately 10,000 proselytes from SIXTY years ago the Canadian our present or past church members, Presbyterian Church began work yearly, doing each one perhaps irrepar- in the island of Trinidad, just north able damage. (6) Mormonism has of the coast of South America. Todoubled in twenty-nve years; largely day, there are twenty-three missionbeca,use we have not taken care of our aries, fifty-eight Indian Christian own people and others by informing workers and twelve organized churches them as we could easily have done. with 2,024 communicants. In the 106 (7) The only real cure is teaching the Sunday-schools there are 5,568 pupils Mormon people the true gospel and Bible and in the 78 day-schools there are beliefs in place of their system of errors; 18,768 pupils. They also conduct two and outside, warning everybody intelli- high schools, a teacher training colgently about Mormonism as a false re- lege and a theological seminary with ligion. (8) Mormons are trained twenty-nine students. The Gospel is against attending Christian church serv- preached in over 100 places every ices, and they cannot be evangelized by Sunday and there is a Protestant ordinary methods, as has been proven by Christian community numbering about sixty years of, such effort. (9) Hence 10,000. The total population numthe necessity of a traveling work like bers three hundred and eighty thouours, taking the message to the homes by sand and is composed of English, voice and print. French, Spanish, Portuguese, Creoles, Mulattos, Negroes, East Indians (130,- LATIN AMERICA 000) and Chinese. Over half the population are Hindus or Moham- Devolution in Porto Rico medans and practice these religions. The Jubilee of the mission was cele- WITH the retirement of Rev. brated in January. Dr. James Edi- Arthur James from active service cott, the Moderator of the United in Porto Rico in April, began what is Church of Canada, was present and called by Women and Missions "one recalled the history of the noble work of the most significant phases of done by the pioneers. The work of Protestant work on the Island." the Canadian Church is mostly among Henceforth entire responsibility for the East Indian population and in the promotion and administration of spite of very inadequate forces and the work of the Presbytery of Porto equipment has been remarkably suc- Rico will rest in the hands of native cessful. Porto Rican pastors. This may be looked upon as the consummation of Veteran Mexican Pastor a policy adopted when the work was begun thirty years ago. At that time REV. J. P. HANSON writes from the supervision as well as a larger the Methodist Episcopal Mission part of the pastoral work was carried in Mexico City: "Our old war-horse, by missionaries sent by the board Rev. Lorenzo Martines of the Matafrom the North, but as native min- moros circuit, now nearing the age of isters, trained under their supervision, seventy, who never fails to meet an showed ability to assume leadership, appointment on his wide field, though man after man was withdrawn and at times he trudges many a weary responsibility placed upon Porto Rican mile on foot, has taken upon himself pastors. Mr. James is the last of these, and is succeeded by Rev. Angel Archilla, pastor of the Central Church in Mayaguez. The thirty mission centers are now in charge of native pastors. Dr. James A. McAllister,

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

the pastorate of Don Roque and all;lo the mission. In one of them, Medelhas opened a night school there, in lin, where Rev. and Mrs. Thomas E. addition to all his other work. What Barber have been since 1910, the will this man be doing next? His church is now independent of the circuit is as large as three counties mission. Mr. Barber has worked hard in the state of Pennsylvania, yet he for this result. The pastor, a Porto takes this added burden simply be- Rican, and his wife have taken hold cause there are not enough workers to well. The attendance and offerings go around and he makes no complaint have kept on growing. Mr. Barber is about it. If we had a dozen Don often called on for advice, and to at- Lorenzos, how we could win a hundred tend their official meetings. The new towns for Jesus Christ." This Medellin church is a working church, is an illustration of the fact that the with societies for men and women, present force of Mexican pastors, boys and girls. All are working tosacrificing and devoted though they ward the establishment of an old peoare, is far too small to begin to cope ple's home, a hospital and dispensary with the need of Mexico for Christian and an orphanage. In all Colombia ministers in 1928. there is no Protestant hospital, no real dispensary and no orphanage. Land GuateD1a1an Preacher's Peril was purchased in January last for a long-desired Bible training school and MISSIONARIES in Guatemala re- theological seminary. port that almost everywhere the presentation of the Gospel is received The Open Door in Brazil with growing respect, or at least passive tolerance, but occasionally there SPEAKING at the annual meeting is a story like the following: "Ber- in London of the Evangelical nardino Ramirez tells of wonderful Union of South America, Harry meetings in which one man rose to Briault, representative of the Union confess how he had planned to kill in Campina Grande, North Brazil, Bernardino and had several times been said: "The doors of Brazil are open frustrated in his plan. Once, he was today to the Gospel, and we would just drawing his gun on him from that the Christian Church might ambush when a woman passed in be- awaken to its wonderful opportunity. tween and he dared not shoot. An- For we know not when the doors may other time he was about to draw when close again. It is a miracle that they Bernardino spied him and, wheeling, are still open. About three years ago greeted him warmly and began to talk there was a proposition before the to him of the Gospel, wholly ignorant Government of Brazil to reform the of the man's evil intentions. This so constitution of that country, and one disarmed the man that he could not clause in the proposed constitution continue with his plan that day. Up- would have united the Catholic Church on his conversion he confessed all to with the State. While that measure the astounded Bernardino, who praises was being debated in the Senate the God for His divine protection from Catholics became very bold. They unseen dangers and for transforming said to us as we walked along the enemies into friends and brothers." street, 'You wait until that law is passed. Then we will do away with Church Progress in ColoD1bia your believers. We will put an end to this Gospel business. We will pull T HE Presbyterian Church (U. S. down your churches.' But that meas- A.) is the only Protestant denomi- ure was defeated in what is nominally nation at work in Colombia, which is a Catholic country. To us it was a. the third largest republic in South miracle for which we praise God." America. There are four stations in

WORTH

Any books mentioned in these columns will be forwarded by us on receipt of price.-THE REVIEW.

The New Africa. Donald Fraser. Pp. sition of educational missions, from xiv, 207, map. $1. New York. 1928. the rude bush school, through the This volume, was prepared for the higher literary work done-though, British United Council for Missionary with rare exceptions, African Mis- Education last year, the American edi- sions do not go very far in their tion differing from it in certain addi- school work. Its adaptation to the tions relating to American contacts needs of the home, of Government, with Africa. and in training Negroes as teachers In his opening chapter Dr. Fraser completes this section. Distinctive tells us of the rapid changes in Afri- problems of contact with the popUlacan life, due largely to the youthful- tions involved, the gradual disintegraness of Africa; then he explains why tion which is in slow process, land Africa has not grown up; and next tenures, and labor difficulties are well follows an account of African peoples opened up for general readers. and their communal life and village social 0 r g ani z at ion, the chapter The volume closes with Dr. Fraser's concluding with a strong setting setting forth of "Christ the Key" to of the effect upon Africans of the in- Africa's problems of cooperation and dividualistic forces of Western con- equality. One of the closing paratacts. The faiths of Africa are then graphs reads: "For 'the depressed explained for us,-their underlying re- barbarian, for the aspiring African, ligious character, their animistic be- for the pushful white man, there is lief in immortality, spirit worship and but one law which makes for the magic. Islam is too briefly mentioned, blending of races and the forces that -Africa's impending religious prob- are in them, and that is the law of lem. Jesus Christ. To burst the prison gates of magic, to steady surging, The penetration of Africa by Gov- ambitious life, to lay the 'firm foundaernments, Commerce, and Colonization interprets the present situation tions and build the walls of a true to those interested in the help and remaking of the continent. Perhaps the civilization, there is but one compe- tent power, and that is the spirit of Jesus." H. P. BEACH.

most important section deals with that India in 1926-27. By J. Coatman. Illus., portion of the continent called White maps, pp. xvi, 377. New York: Brit- Man's Africa, and the special prob- ish Library of Information, 5 East lems arising from that particular con- 45th St. 1928. $1.

tact. The five remaining chapters are Every India missionary should have devoted to the history of the Church at hand for reference purposes at in Africa, its modes of more brotherly least two issues of the British Gov- contact and its salvatory efforts. How ernment dealing with India: the first Christianity affects the family, indus- volume of the "Census of India" pub- trial, agricultural and health life of lished in decennial years, (the latest the Negro also shows us in detail what 1921,) and this latest annual volume Mission work is accomplishing there. prepared for the English Parliament.

Chapter VI is given to a fuller expo- The census volume is as far re- 686

BOOKS WORTH READING

moved from our conception of census and the frankly revolutionary organreports-except of the Philippine Islands-as a novel is from a mass of ization of M. N. Roy. statistics. The volume prepared by Mr. Coatman in an encyclopredia of the Scores of other scarcely less im- Indian Empire, for 1926-27. portant themes are here presented, In that year the leading problem was the relation between Hindus and and are readily found because of the Moslems. The latter, numbering almost sixty-nine millions, are in con- full index. Half-tone illustrations, stant friction with their Hindu neighbors who are more than three times graphs, and maps add to the value of as numerous. The old antagonism has shown itself recently in riots and this reference volume. Though no excesses greater than have been known in years; but few missionaries reference is made to missionary work, have taken pains to get at the root difficulty between the two parties. the intimate relation of the enter- This volume gives much light upon that question in the address of Viceroy prise to social and philanthropic wel- Irwin, who regards this antagonism as "clearly the dominant issue in In- fare makes such a volume of great dian life." Animosity seems to be due to disputes about playing Indian value. H. P. BEACH. music in the neighborhood of Mohammedan mosques, and in connection Barak, The Diary of a Donkey-A True with other celebrations of the two Story of Missionary Life and Travel. communities. But in reality the root Fred H. Easton. 90 pp. London. difficulty lies in the 1919 Reforms, 1927. which gave India a government of democratic type, with the powerful A little book written by a C. I. M. central doctrine of government by missionary of the second generation majorities, precipitating a struggle which merits a long review. The scene for the powers and emoluments of of- is laid in Shensi and Kansu, the two fice. This the Moslem minority re- extreme Northwest provinces of China sents. proper. Barak is the inseparable com- panion of the missionary evangelist. Other important matters discussed This donkey does all of the talking and is much given to philosophizing on the are the beneficent irrigation projects experiences through which his master passes. He is delightfully reminiscent of the British Government; the acts at times, and does not hesitate to pass judgment on his master or the people of the newly established Central In- among whom his master labors. He is amused by the conversation of the dian Legislature; the discussion of people in the market places. When passing through the countryside over- "The State and the People," including run with disorderly soldiers, he waxes quite eloquent over his disgust with the serious wide unemployment, par- militarism …… "Though I am mere- ly a donkey and not supposed to have ticularly of the educated classes; med- any feelings or subtle emotions, yet ical relief of women, sponsored by some of the sights and scenes of that wives of successive Viceroys; the sup- summer and autumn heartily sickened pression of crime, and the difficulties me and always thoroughly upset my of the police in rural communities, master, sometimes making him quite which has led to tattooing a number ill." He attends a wedding in his ofon the ears of all cattle in one import- ficial capacity as a bearer of his masant district; and the important and ter and his description of the affair increasingly serious topic of com- is replete with humor. munism, traceable to Russia and <China through Indian communists Barak makes no profession of his Christian belief, nor does his master claim any innate goodness for this faithful but irascible animal. He is as capable of pulling down the door of a house in the thick of the night, or of stamping out the life of his load of

scripture portions and tracts, as he is prove a prophet, so why should He of being deeply moved by the prayers not use me to preach a sermon?"

of Chinese converts in a three hour One feels a bit sorrowful for Barak. meeting presided over by his master. Should he not have been laboured In spite of his perverse nature, how- with and forgiven by his master "sev_ ever, he is a good sort, and again and again he makes very telling mission- enty times seven"? One wishes that ary appeals. It is surprising how the master had not come to the time vivid and interesting a missionary's when he felt he no longer had any experiences and the description of his use for Barak; otherwise he might environment can become in the mouth have ended his days, if not within the of a Kansu donkey. One smiles as he Kingdom, at least not far outside. reads this donkey's account of his master and a fellow-missionary late at Judged as a whole, this little book night in a cow-shed poring over a map is one of the most entertaining and of the country-side which they are revealing books on the experiences of planning to win for Christ with the a pioneer missionary evangelist, I host's cow and Barak for companions. have ever seen. There is not a page of dry reading. Mr. Easton has hit Occasionally the donkey reflects his upon a unique and very interesting master's prejudices in his allusion to way to convey the story and challenge the pre8enc~ of Roman Catholic con- of West China to our young people in verts in South Shensi and his refer- the West. We heartily congratulate ence to them as constituting "the him on a very fresh and vivid por- trayal of the "greatest vocation in greatest possible hindrance to the life." simple preaching of the gospel." A M. T. STAUFFER.

group of Chinese preachers holding NEW BOOKS their annual meeting are fit objects for comment and psycho-analysis to Adventures in Friendliness. Programs for the Primary Department, prepared Barak. While he is deeply moved by for use in the Vacation Church School. their earnest prayers, one may expect M. F. Brown. Edited by John T. his sense of humor to break through, Faris. 209 pp. $1.75. Presbyterian notwithstanding. "I had a quiet laugh Board of Christian Education. Philup my sleeve, that evening," he says. adelphia. 1928.

Once again he writes, "I am only a The Appeal of a Bible-less World. Annual report of the National Bible Society donkey, I know, but my heart was of Scotland, 1927. Edinburgh. 1928. strangely moved within me as I watched these three men so utterly Pilgrim's Progress and Grace Abounding. diverse, the one from the other, yet so Special Tercentenary edition. John closely united in the one great passion Bunyan. 651 pp. $2. American Tract Society. New York. 1928.

that appeared to absorb them, stand- The English in English Bibles. J. F. Shea- ing there on the cold mud fioor around han. 143 pp. Cloth, $1.25; paper, that charcoal glow and praying for 75 cents. Columbus Institute. Poughthe souls of the people that lived in keepsie. 1928. Liohyang." "Gentlemen-The King!" John Oxenham. 96 pp. 75 cents. The Pilgrim Press.

In the last chapter, Barak traces Boston. 1928.

the steps of his declension from mis- God Is Love. Russian translation. D. L.

sionary zeal. Illustrating from his Moody. 32 pp. 10 cents a copy, 12 own sad end, he uses the last few for $1. Bible Institute Colportage pages of the book to preach to his Assn. Chicago. 1928. readers, exhorting them not to follow his example. In this he feels justified, Revaluing Soripture. Frank Eakin. 249 because as he says: "Samson used a pp. $2.60. Macmillan Co. New York. donkey's jawbone to slay an army, and 1928. God opened a donkey's mouth to re- The Saoraments: Their Nature and Use. C. F. Hogg. 48 pp. 6d. Pickering & Inglis. London. 1928.

The Missionary Review of the World — October 1924

MORAL

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When you accept Annuity Agreements of the Home and Foreign Mission Boards of the Meth- odist Episcopal Church. you not only accept an obligation of intrinsic value, but one with no moral risk.

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~e MOSLEM WOJtLD c.4 QUARTERLY MAGAZINE Published in JANUARY. APRIL. JULY. OCTOBER EDITED BY SAMUEL M. ZWEMER. CAIRO, EGYPT ASSOCIATE EDITORS.

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IMPORTANT FACTS ABOUT CHINA. A Sunday-school in the Northwest A CHRlSTIAN BASIS FDRVloRLD that had stood still for twenty wyeeearks~' RELATIONS. sent for him. He spent four with that school; ill tile· five years im- HALF A CENTURY OF CHANGES mediately after that it went from an IN CIDNA .. , .ARTHUR H. SMITH 775 enrollment of 500 to over 3000 and from an average attendance of about 300 CHINA AND THE CHINESE to 1500. CHURCH …. , . MILTON STAUFFER 783 Another Sunday-schoof, which now A CHINESE VIEW OF CHRISTIAN· has the largest attendance in the world, ITY IN CHINA …. K. T. CHUNQ 799 waS built up by llim.

THE NEW CHRISTIAN STRUGGLE He is an organizer of genius; his IN CHINA … FRANK RAWLDISON 805 system of records is remarkable; but best of all he MARY NI-r-.'DE GAl{EWELL, AN IN· believes the whole Bible; TERPRETER OF CHINA …… 814 care. more about .piritua! life'than A MlSSIONARY HERD OF HAINAN orgaDizatioD; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D. S. TAPPAN 815 makes soul-winning tbe supreme IN THE HANDS -OF THE BOLSHE- service. VISTS •……•……..•••…..• LETTERS FROM .JENNY DE MAYER 817 This man is Louis Entzminger, and now. for ~he first time he is going to BEST METHODS WITH CHINA .,. publIsh h,s own accouut of his methods ….. EDITED BY MRS. E. C. CRONK 819 of work, and tell others how they may do it. WOMAN'S HOME M·iD FOREIGN MISSION BULLETIN … EDITED Mr. Entzminger has chosen BY GERTR.UDE SCHUI,TZ, AI.ICE M. KYLE AND FLoR.ENCE E. QUINLAN 826 NEWS FROM MANY LANDS …… 8;32 as the exclusive medium of publication THE MISSIONARY LIBRARY ….. 8·19 for this entirely uniqne, unspeakably TERMS.-$2.50 a year. ($2.00 in clubs of rich material. Pastors and snperinfive.) Foreign postage, 50 cents. Single copies, tendents of small Sunday-schools or 25 cents. Publlshed monthly. Copyrighted, large, in city or conntry, simply must avail themselves of this opportunity.

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OF THE MILLIONS OF CHINESE WAITING TO HEAR THE "GOOD NEWS" OF JESUS

MrS-S-rONARY

EVIEW, VOL. OCTOBER, 1924 NUMBER XLVII TEN NEW INTEREST IN OHINA T HE subject for the Foreign Mission study this year in the churches of North America is "Ohina and Christian Progress" -an immense field with a wide range of interest: political, commercial, social, intellectual and religious.

Last year as mission study classes began the study of .Japan, the great earthquake shook the Tokyo-Yokohama district, destroyed thousands of lives and millions of dollars worth of property. The result was a widespread sympathy and still deeper interest in the study of Japan and the Ohristian message for the .Japanese. This year, as the study of Ohina begins in American churches, a renewal of war between the northern and southern factions is centered around Shanghai,the great commercial metropolis. This makes China a headline topic for the daily press despatches and increases interest in the stUdy.

The rause of this recent outbreak seems to be nothing new but rather the reopening of the question as to which faction shall be in control. The military governor of the province of Kiangsu, Ohi Hsieh-yuan, is fighting against Lu Yung-hsiang, the governor of Ohekiang, the province south of Kiangsu. General Lu has control of Shanghai, the great port of Kiang-su province, and is morally supported by Sun Yat Sen of the South and Ohang Tso-lin, dictator of Manchuria. Governor Ohi is fighting to gain control of Shanghai and is supported by the Peking Government and the able general, Wu Pei-fu. The Ohristian General Feng Yu-shiang, with his splendidly drilled and effective army of 10,000 soldiers, is also ready to support the authority of the central Peking Government. The ac- . companying map shows the scene of the present conflict, with the location of the Protestant mission stations in the district. The missionaries have remained at their posts to help care for the wounded and to encourage the Ohinese Ohristians who are in danger of forcible conscription into the armies of the opposing forces. The country 765

is full of armed troops and of frightened refugees. Human convulsions are even more far-reaching and prolonged and more damaging to human welfare than are the convulsions of nature. The latter awaken. friendly sympathy, unite human sufferers and stir men to greater effort for progress, while the former increase animosity, divide nations and tend to discourage those who are unselfishly working for the advancement of their countrymen.

No country or people could offer a more fascinating subject for study than China and the Chinese. This ancient people, compriSIng one fourth of the population of the globe, is potentially a tremendous force for human weal or woe. Their stolid conservatism, their indus- PROTESTANT MISSION STATIONS IN WAR AREA (Stations Underlined) Kiangsl./, Provinl!e Changehow Ku-Meth. Epiec. South. Changshu-Am. Prot. Episc.; Mett.

Episc. So. Kiangyin-Am. Prot. Epise. Shanghai-Fifty societies and missions. Sooehow-Prot. Episc.; Presby. No.; Presby. So.; M. E. So.; Bapt. So.; Y. M. G. A. Sunkiang fu-Meth. Epise. So. Tungehow-United Oh";stian M. S. – W oOBung-Assemblies of God. Wusih-Prot. Epise.; Bapt. So. Che7cia-rI!g Province Hangchow-Am. Bapt.; Apostolic Faith M.; Presby. No.; Presby. So.; C. r.

M.; Church M. S.; Y. M. C. A.; Y. W. C. A. Huchow fu-Am. Bapt.; Meth. Epise. So. KaBhing-Presby. So. Tangsi-Grace Mission.

try, their mental ability, their ancient civilization and traditions, their general honesty and family loyalty, and their regard for parental and governmental authority are all qualities which may help to make strong characters. The immense population (nearly six times that of Japan), the size of the territory, its strategic location and natural resources give clear promise of future greatness. All these resources may, however, be turned into dangerous weapons destructive of civilization if the Chinese are misguided and follow a materialistic and atheistic philosophy. Under such tutelage, for instance, .as that of Soviet Russia, the huge population and great resources of China, in the hands of ungodly leaders, may be a great menace to civilization. If America can raise an army of four million men to fight against oppression, China, in the same proportion, could raise an army of sixteen million soldiers for destructive warfare.

On the other hand, if America and England by friendly example and cooperation can help to strengthen China and to establish a high type of government; if Ohristians will help to train leaders and to give Christian education and ideals to the people, then materialism,

EDITORIAL COMMENTS '1tJ1

militarism and atheism may be defeated and China may become a power in the world for all that is good. The quality of such men as Ohang Po-ling, C. Y. Cheng, David Yui and General Feng shows what China can produce in the way of Christian leadership.

The mission study books this year offer a great opportunity for all to become acquainted with the progress that is being made and the forces that are working for and against the Christianization of China. The articles in this number of the REVIEW throw many valuable and interesting sidelights on the subject. While we have been disappointed in not receiving some of the articles promised for this issue, others of equal importance appear and many others are to come later, including the following: The Gospel That Brings Results-Dr. Frank Keller, How One Missionary Works in China-Dr. Charles E. Scott, Results of Confucianism in China-R. C. Forsyth, Home Missions of the Chinese Church-Mrs. Mary Ninde Gamewell, Work for Chinese Children-Miss A. M. Johannsen, Pastor Sang-a Concrete Example-W. B. Cole, Infiuenc.e of Peking Union Medical College-Dr. John' H. Korns, A Remarkable Work in Southwest China-Samuel R. Clarke, A Community Church in China-A. R. Kepler, Journeys Among the Mongols-G. W. Hunter, Attempts to Change China's Ideas-Prof. C. H. Robertson, Some Hindrances in China-J. L. Stewart, Etc., Etc.

It is hoped that not only will large numbers of Christians in America and England be studying Ohina this year but that a great volume of earnest prayer will go up to God for the Chinese and the missionaries there. Thus the whole course of Chinese history may be changed as has been that of other nations.

EDUCATION AND EVANGELISM IN CHINA I N CHINA, the great bulk of the people are farmers, living in vil- lages and small country towns; the flow of popUlation is from the villages to the cities so that the life of the cities is fed and sustained by the new blood which constantly pours in from the country. Missionary work, however, has generally been regarded from the point of view of the cities which contain only about a fifth of the population, and the majority of missionaries live and work in the cities.

Rev. W. F. Rowland of Siaochang, North China, writes: "It is time that missions were regarded from a new angle. The village is the key to the evangelization of China, and what captwres the village will in due time capture the city also. To build up the Church in the country districts, to plant the banner of Ohrist firmly in the villages and market towns, would seem, therefore, the quickest and surest way of winning the whole nation to Christ.

"This is especially true because the village folk are ready for the Gospel as never before. There is a new cordiality in the relationships between the country people and the representatives of Christianity; there is a willingness almost everywhere to hear the Christian message, and, in many districts, there is a real eagerness to receive the truth and appreciate the blessings of Christianity. While we can scarcely say that there is a 'mass movement' among these people, yet we can truly say that there is a strong tide flowing towards Christianity, which is sweeping along an ever larger number, and the Church in the country fields is expanding with unprecedented rapidity.

"The opportunity for winning the country people to Christ is marvellous, and we ought to take fullest advantage of it. There is an urgent call today for a bold policy of evangelism, and funds are greatly needed for an evangelistic forward movement in all great rural areas in China. We are convinced that as soon as the sickle is put in a great harvest will be gathered."

On the basis of experimental work done in North China during the last ten years, Mr. Rowland suggests three outstanding principles which should be kept constantly in view for a work at once broad and deep. "(1) The first principle is that of widespread evangelism. All have a right to hear this message, and we must not be content with anything short of covering the whole field. (2) The second principle is that of mobility. The staff of evangelistic workers should be movable, and should keep ever moving onwards and outwards. Only by constant expansion can the field be covered and the places already won be securely held. (3) The third principle is that of self-support. Each church as formed must stand on its own feet and carryon its own work both financially and spiritually, and take its part in spreading the Gospel.

"While the responsibility for such an evangelistic campaign will largely rest, for the present, on the missionaries, yet much of the burden of the actual work will fall on the Chinese, especially on the leaders of the Church. Now there are two kinds of native workers who are essential to the success of this plan, and who are, in different ways, the pivots on which the whole scheme turns."

In view of these facts and of the spiritual purpose and ideals of Christian missionary work, secular education should not be allowed to absorb too large a proportion of the men, money and energy available. In some educational institutions such large sums are demanded that evangelistic work suffers. The only valid reason for the use of consecrated missionary money for the support of education in China, India, Egypt, Japan or Turkey, is that these institutions are used as training schools for evangelists and are an actual force for winning the people to accept Jesus Christ as their Lord and Saviour.

EDITORIAL COMMENTS

SOME RELIGIOUS IDEALS OF CHINA'"

Teaching of Confucius If you have faults, do not fear to abandon them. Sorrow not that men do not know you, but sorrow that you do not know men. The princely man thinks of virtue; the mean man of gain. Do not unto others what you do not like done unto yourself. Rotten wood cannot be carved, and a dung wall ought not to be whitewashed. He who knows not the will of Heaven can not be a princely man. Those who know are free from doubt. Self-denial and piety-these are virtue. Who takes no thought for the future has sorrow at the door.

Buddhist Ethics Ten Commandments Thou shalt not kill. Thou shalt not steal. Thou shalt not commit adultery. Thou' shalt not lie. Thou shalt not drink intoxicating drink. Thou shalt not defame. Thou shalt not boast. Thou shalt not be stingy. Thou shalt not be angry. Thou shalt not revile the three precious ones.

Precepts from the Dhammapada If a man speaks or acts with an evil thought, pain follows him as the wheel follows the foot of the ox that draws the carriage. The thoughtless man, even if he can recite a large portion of the law, hut is not a doer of it, has no share in the priesthood, hut is like a cowherd counting the cows of others. If one conquer in battle a thousand times a thousand men, and if another conquer himself, he is the greatest of conquerors. Let a man overcome anger by love; let him overcome evil by good; let him overcome the greedy by liberality, the liar by truth.

From Taoism's Ethical Code Sentinnents from the Kang Yin P'ien The recompense of good and evil follow as naturally as the shadow follows the substance.

Be compassionate towards all creatures. First correct yourself, and then convert others. Have pity upon the orphaned; assist the widow; respect the aged; be kind to children. Do not publish the faults of others nor praise your own goodness. Bear insult without hatred; accept kindness as unexpected; bestow charity without seeking reward; give to men without regret.

'From "China: Yesterday and Today," by E. T. Williams. Published by Thomas Y. Croweil. New York.

SOME IMPORTANT FACTS ABOUT CHINA Area-4,277,000 square miles (Equal to U. S. A. with Alaska and Mexico.) China Proper-l,532,420 (Equal to Europe, excluding Russia.) The outer territories include Manchuria, Mongolia, Sinking and Tibet.

Population-China and other territories-441,000,OOO (Pour times U. S. A.) China Proper-411,640,300 (Larger than all Europe.) There are 358 cities of over 100,000 inhabitants.

Languages-Mandarin, (various dialects) spoken by three-fourths of the people.

Coast dialeets by twenty-seven million. Fukien dialects, spoken by twenty-three million. Kwangtung dialects (including Cantonese) spoken by twenty-three million. Non-Chinese languages and dialects (fourteen) spoken by fifteen million.

Religions-Many Chinese are Confucianists, Buddhists, Taoists and Ancestor worshipers at the same time.

Confucianism, formerly the 'state religion, a code of morals and a system of government.

Buddhism, with about 80,000,000 Chinese followers. Taoism now a religion of evil spirits, with 120 sects and with no belief in a personal God. Aneestor worship, the universal religion of China. :Mohammedallism, with from eight million to fifteen million followers. Animism, the worship of evil spirits, followed by many aboriginal tribes.

Christian Missions N estorians entered in 635 A. D. Roman Catholics entered about 1300 A. D; now claim 2,000,000 adherents. Russian Orthodox missionaries entered in 1716; now report 5,587 communicant members. Protestants entered in 1807, now have 366,524 communicant members and a Christian .constituency of 806,926.

Protestant Progress .iltisHionaries Chinese Christian workers Communiw'l1ts P'u.pils 1807 Robert Morrison.

1814 1 ? 1 ? 1833 73 1853 ~ 345 ~ V 1876 761 1906 473 28,396 351 ? 1916 3,833 4,909 1920 5,740 13,035 57,683 6,204 178,251 148,646 293,139 239,309 366,524

EDITORIAL COMMENTS

Chinese History Up to 2205 B. C. Legendary period (Age of the Five Rulers.) (Before Abraham, the Hebrew Patriarch.) 2205 to 249 B. C. Hsia, Shang and Chow Dynasties.) (From Abraham to Persecution of Jews under Ptolemy.) Confucius lived 551 to 479 B. C. 249 B. C. to 1644 A. D. Han, Tang, Sung, lVIing and other Dynasties. (From Rome's First Punic War to Oliver Cromwell.) 1644 to 1911 A. D. Manchu Dynasty.

Tai Ping Rebellion, 1851 to 1864; Boxer Uprising, 1899 and 1900.

1911 A. D. Chinese Republic established.

General Information One fifth of the arable land is still uncultivated. Contains, next to Africa, the greatest undeveloped natural resources in the world. Over one million men are now under arms. Less than :five per cent of the people can read and write. Ninety-eight percent of the women are illiterate. Less than ten per cent of youth is in schooL China has about 8,000 miles of railways.

PROTESTANT MISSIONARY STATISTICS FOR CHINA, 1920 From "'l'he Ohristian Occupation of Ohina"

.~ i 00 ~ It'I~"ioll ~ I ~ I .s I wi ! i ",… DENOMINATIONS. j~§~-.; ~ ~~ _L_a~E .~ :3~,Io~ "" 0… ·1 1 ~ i0 '§p ~ I I 8.0 _60) m _~,–! _ _ _ Angll.can ………………. i 588 3,OlO 792 20,60611 47, 8521 22,491 1 49 20,335 BaptIst ……………….. ; 569 2,990 964 47,015 61,211 32,591 36 8,819 Oongregational ….,…….. 335 1,809 668 27,316 56,929 17,518 45 14,539 Lutheran ……………… 1 508 2,276 987 34,188 55,104 18,544 23 7,445 Methodist ……………… , 839 7,416 1,917 76,761 199,081 56,340 49 33,586 Presbyterian …………… , 1,031 5,484 1,962 87,262 186,378 51,601 92 47,280 O. Inland Mission …. : ….. ! 980 1,931 1,824 53,162 llO,356 Il,006 28 4,770 Others ………………… 1i 1,3-54-3,-480- -42-5 -2-0,2-14 -9-0,0-15 -2-!l,3-09-1-7 -4-,74-2 'rota], 1020 ………. 1 6,20428,396 9,549 366,5241806,926 239,309 339 131,416 'rotal, 1915 ………. 1 5,33820,460 6,466 268,652 526,108 169,797 330 104,418 I Typical of many miracles of mlsSlons in China is the experience of a Chinese scholar named Deng who some years ago, though not a Christian, becaIle a teacher in the school of the Hinghwa orphanage. Later he became so zealous a Christian that he persuaded the Deng clan of his village to set apart its Buddhist temple as a Christian church.

A CHRISTIAN BASIS FOR WORLD RELATIONS EVERY Christian eagerly desires to help bring in the time when righteousness, peace and g'ood will shall prevail throughout the earth. It was the time heralded at the coming of Jesus Christ to earth and has been one great aim of the missionaries of Christ ever since. When such a condition will be attained and how it may be brought about is a question on which men differ. 'fhe Christian basis is, however, very clear-it is first, love to God, shown by loyal obedience to His laws; and second, love to our fellowmen, as shown by sympathy, higher dealing, and self-sacrificing service.

An "Institute for a Christian Basis of 'WorId Relations" was held at Vassar College last June, and is reported in the Woman's Home and Foreign Mission Bulletins in the September number.

The Missionary Group at the Institute registered its convictions on the subject as follows: 1. Faith that our Ijord's Prayer will be fulfilled and God's Kingdom be realized on this earth as His truth, His insight, His love flow increasingly through Christian folk, leading them to greater open mindedness and deeper yearning for beauty and righteousness in human relations.

2. Belief in and desire for world cooperation and world disarmament in order that world peace may be attained.

3. Belief and desire that America should take her full share of responsibility in all efforts toward such achievement.

4. Belief in the essential oneness of humanity. 5. Belief that the Christian basis of justice, good will and cooperation must be adopted by all people in matters of race relations,-since the individual contribution and participation of each race is essential to the world's civilization and best development. 6. Belief and desire that the economic resources of the world should be considered in their bearing upon world cooperation and world peace.

7. Belief that the distribution and use of opium and other narcotics, except for medicinal and scientific purposes, is destructive of moral principles and progress, and conviction that Christian peoples should cooperate fully with all agencies charged with their suppression.

8. Belief that the potency of the moving picture in this and other lands imposes a responsibility upon all Christian leaders and people to utilize resources of influence and helpfulnesfl to forward the attempt of educators to improve the character of films produced and exported.

9. Belief that all Christians must diligently seek to bring about allegiance to the laws of our country and use their utmost influence to promote respect for and obedience to the law.

10. Belief that all Christian people should help to create public opinion on these matters and should expreflS themselves, not only through church life and church organizations, but also through civic and political responsibilities.

To this end Be It Resolved: That the :Missionary Group in attendanee at the Institute recommend that all missionary organizations bring to their constituencies and to the general publie the convietions above expressed with a view to securing personal commitment to these principles and thus to achieve a more effective functioning of our national life in the larger problems of humanity.

EDITORIAL COMMENTS

Missionary organizations are asked to give publicity to the conclusions reached at the Institute: spreading information and an appropriate bibliography on these questions through missionary channels, such as existing public and club libraries, and popularizing mission study books and placing them in libraries and book stores. All groups should launch a study along broad constructive lines of international relations, emphasizing the inherent connection of missions to these relations; and one or more meetings should be devoted to such a program and to special prayer that a new consciousness and a new conscience toward world relations may be evoked throughout the Christian Church and the nation. The children should be taught in all our churches and homes to show love to neighbors in politics and business. Articles and news should be printed in the leading literary and popular periodicals and daily and weekly press, presenting Christian internationalism showing the contribution of Christian missions to the improvement of international relations. Visits to the fields of missionary service should be encouraged so that many individuals may see mission work at first hand and meet Christian leaders of other nations.

The committee on Women's Church and Missionary Federations and the committee on Day of Prayer for Missions of the VTomen's Foreign Mission Societies and the Federation of Council of Women for Home Missions should embody these ideals in their programs.

One outcome of the discussions of the Institute is a fresh realization of the fact that the solution of the world's troubles lies in national as well as individual practice of the Golden Rule: "Only the Golden Rule of Christ can bring the Golden Age of Man. " Through reading, study, conference, personal acquaintance, there may be constantly enlarging vision and comprehension of the relation of racial and national problems to those of humanity as a whole, that these problems may be met in sympathetic and intelligent mutual understanding of differing history, customs, viewpoints, economic and social con-, ditions. There is, however, no solid basis of hope for any worldwide peace, righteousness, and brotherly love unless human nature is changed and the- power and love of God are introduced into human relationships through an individual and complete surrender to Jesus Christ as Lord.

A CHINESE CONFESSION 01<' FAITH AN INTERDENOMINATIONAL church in Chicago, for the .l'l. Chinese Christians of that city, has adopted the following short Confession of Faith: "This church is founded upon the fundamental truths of the Gospel of Jesus Christ. ," This (',hurch shall instruct its members from the Bible with reg~rd to the fatherhood of God, the deity and saving grace of Jesus

Christ, the work of the Holy Spirit, the inspiration and authority of the Holy Scriptures, the sanctity of the Lord's Day, baptism and the L.ord's Supper, and the fundamental necessity of living daily; with God's help, in harmony with the teachings of Jesus Christ.

"Members shall be publicly received into the fellowship of the church upon the following confession of faith in Jesus Christ: 'I believe that Jesus is the Christ, the Son of God and I accept Him as my Saviour and Guide.' "

THE OLD TIME METHOD OF LOG SAWING ,IN CHINA TJIE NEW TYPE OF ROAD IN CHINA-BUILT BY LABOR ElIlPLOYED IN FAMINE RELIEF

INDUSTRIAL CHINA-FAMOUS IRON WORKS AT

Half a Century of Changes In China* BY REV. ARTHUR H. SMITH, D.D., TUNG HSIEN, CHUlLI, CHINA A Missionary of the American Board for over fifty years in China Author of "C""hinese Characteristics,' J "China in Convulsion," etc.

T ET US suppose a traveller returned to China . after. an absence L of fifty years. He comes up the broad Yangctze into the Huangpu, and at once perceives that he is in a new world. The river is lined on each side with great buildings, "go-downs," factories, huge mills with towering smoke-stacks, frequent wharves, private and public, and outstanding colleges with numerous buildings; 'countless bungalows, and at last the imposing consulates of the foreign settlements, the great modern structures of the Hongkong Bank, the Daily News, and the many storied hotels filling in the foreground. The city, now one of the greatest in Asia, has a population of more than a million and a half, with crowded districts adjoining. In spite of civil war and trampling armies, trade, which the Chinese consider to be the Divinity of the Occident, has increased • An adequate survey of the cbanges which have been witnessed in China during the past fifty yea.rs, acoompanied by the necessary explanations, would require the entire space of the largest issue of the REVIEW eyer made. In the few pages at our disposal it is possible to mention only a few ():r the DlIOTe salient innovations, without venturing "inw thE'; political area. All these changes are "intimately related to the progress ot missions in China, a theme upon whicb it is impossible to enter in this connection.–A. H. S.

775

by leaps and bounds, annually aggregating more than five hundred million customs taels. What will it be when the largest market in the world is really opened?

"Above is Heaven, below are Su, and Hang," says the ancient adage. Suchow and Hangchow were ruined by the fierce Taiping rebellion. But they have taken on a new lease of life in the new era. Each is connected with Shanghai by railway with convenient trains, and each" is studded with new buildings and tingling with new life. In the old time it was the work of a day and a night (more or less) to reach either of them by boat, dependent on winds, tides, and the caprices of the boatmen. Now these cities are close at hand. The mails, local and foreign, which used to be tossed on the deck of any steamer that happened to be leaving, are now handled in the great central post office, the new buildings of which have mosaic floors, marble and teak counters for parcels; they are more than 500 feet in length, and the whole is capped by a clock-tower 200. feet high.

Let us look at the interior of China. One goes to the agency, Cook, or to ~he American EX,Rre~s Co., to buy tickets with .sleepi~g­ car resertatlOns. '1'he luggage IS cheeked through to Pekmg, Wlth no interference from customs officials after leaving Shanghai. At Nanking (193 miles away), instead of the ancient scow that took half a day for crossing the broad Yang-tze, there is a commodious steam ferry-boat, with spacious .landing places on each side. There stands the Blue Express (American cars decorated in blue and gold), a long train going through to the Ch'ien Men station, Peking, without change, in about -thirty hours fl"om Nanking. At every station of thfl four provinces traversed uniformed railway police are lined up in military order. At the more important towns one may see great piles of freight awaiting shipment (often not to be achieved however without bribing the station-master); much of it is bulky stuff which formerly could not be transported to a distance.

On the morning of the second day we reach Tsinanfu, capital of the "sacred province" of Shantung in which Confucius and Mencius were born, lived, died, and were buried. Their tombs are places of pilgrimage for more than two thousand years, and that of Confucius having a branch line to aooommodate tourists! Tsinanfu was once very hostile to foreigners, a former governor of Honan leading in antagonism. It is now revolutionized. Where were once only ancient graves, now stands a provincial university; not far away is the Shantung Christian University, and the Tsinanfu "Institute," with its three acres and numerous buildings crowded with exhibits to teach hygiene, and something about almost everything. It is the most wonderful museum in China-perhaps in all Asia. A few miles beyond the city the trains cross the YeHow River on a bridge which, when it was built twenty years ago, was the wonder of the

HALF A CENTURY OF CHANGES IN CHINA

age. It absolutely defied the ancient Chinese Wind-water (Fengshui, or geomancy) and stirred the Earth dragon by digging deep into his bones, but he never stirred again! The Institute has a model of this bridge made by the Germans who built the road, which is gazed at by everyone of the half a million people who yearly visit it.

Peking, the capital of China, once so inaccessible is now three hours from Tientsin. It formerly took two days or more by cart, and perhaps a week by boat, and owing to the closing of the gates at dusk in the language of Uncle Remus: "Ef youse aint monstrous keerful yer aint got dar den." Peking is now an important railway center, distant by the Hankow line 755 miles from that central city of China. Another road, built entirely by a Chinese foreign educated engineer runs to Kalgan and now some 200 miles beyond, touching the Yellow River. It is a great and growing center for trade with Mongolia and Siberia; a new line is about to be built to Urga on the Russian border. Modern Peking has all its main thoroughfares macadamized, as well as some of its alleys. A round-thecity rail line, connect.s the Chien Men (the great south gate) with the Hsichih Men, the outlet to the far-away provinces of the remote west. This road will eventually make connections with an across- China line from the Yellow Sea, through Kaifengfu, to Singanfu (an ancient capital of China) t.o Lanchowfu, the capit.al of Kansu, into Central Asia, one of the greatest trade routes of the future.

A system of tramways is soon to be opened in Peking, despite the ineffectual protests of multitudes of people. It will more or less put out of business many of the fifteen thousand ricksha men, and be an added danger to life and limb. At present the all-pervading mot.or-cars register in Peking more than 1,200. Broad highways 4ave been built for their use, to T 'ungchou, 13 miles, now continued on to Tientsin, to various points in the "Hills" west of Peking, to t.he Ching Hua ("Indemnity") College, to some hot. springs, and other places. The new style famine relief does not give doles of money, but pays famine sufferers for constructive work on good roads. Some of t.hem are washed away by t.he heavy summer rains, but others-especially in hilly regions-are more durable. The progressive governor of Shansi allows none but broad-tired carts to travel on t.hese roads, which are already important arteries of trade. China is more and more penetrated by the English bicycle and t.he American motor car, the latter even in rocky Mongolia where it runs races with the wild ass and beats it, and leaves horses and camels leagues behind.

Peking has many ducal or semi-imperial palaces, some of them belonging to t.he "Iron-cap princes" of t.he Manchu Dynast.y. One of these near the British Legation (Su Wang fu) was crowded by Christian refugees during the siege of 1900. Another (Yii Wang fu) was occupied by Americans after t.he siege, until permanent.

2

quarters could be found. This commodious enclosure was bought by the Rockefeller Foundation to be remade as the site of the Union Medical College and Hospital which was opened in 1921.

The medical and hospital buildings, which are fire-proof, embody characteristic features of Chinese architecture. "The roofs are covered with glazed green tiles made in one of the factories which once supplied tiles for the imperial palaces. Eaves and porticos are embellished with conventional Chinese decorations in red, blue, green, and gold, painted by native artizans."

The Board of Trustees is chosen by the Foundation, and by six cooperating missionary societies. The land, buildings, and equip- ment of the medical college were stated in the Report for 1922 as having cost $8,513,882 (gold). The annual expenditures according to the present policy are limited to about $700,000 gold, or about $1,- 200,000 silver. This immense es- tablishment has probably the largest medical staff and the most complete equipment of every kind to be found in Asia. It stresses pre-medical education as indispen- sable in present conditions, and extends liberal aid to mission hos- pitals in widely separated parts of the country.

Ohina has now a considerable MODERN IDEAS OF SERVICE number of Western educated phy:.- Graduate Men Nurses; Judson SDilth Hospital, sicians and surgeons, some of them Shansl of international reputation. Among these is Dr. Wu Lien-te, edu- cated at Cambridge, the holder of many honors and the president of the Chinese National Medical Association. He is one of the highest authorities on the deadly bubonic plague, and likewise on the 100% fatal pneumonic plague, which in 1910-11 cost 60,000 lives. In 1921, the most recent outbreak of the epidemic, thanks to proper organiza- tion under Dr. Wu and! other Chinese physicians, ably supported by foreign experts, the infected area was limited, and only 9,000 lives were lost. In each case every Ohinese physician who treated the disease in the old way, without the precaution of wearing masks, etc., died of it. It was this imminent peril in the time of the late Manchu dynasty which compelled the recognition by the Govern- ment of Western preventive measures. Dissection of the cadaver, long refused, has at last been legalized, a most essential forward step in medical education. The China Medical Society (of foreign physicians) cooperates cordially with the Ohinese National Medical

HALF A CENTURY OF CHANGES IN ClUNA

OLD STYLE RELJGIOUS LEADER IN CHINA-A BUDDHIST PRIEST AND HELPER Association, and at times meet in the same city with occasional joint sessions.

With the new medicine comes modern nursing, which it was formerly supposed could never be naturalized in China, on account of the general prejudice against this form of service. But the reverse has proved true. There are schools for nurses in many parts of China with high standards, a curriculum carefully standardized, severe examinations, and a considerable and growing output of graduates, considerably less than the growing demand. In all departments of medicine the old ways will go on for a long time to come, but sanitation, science, and prophylaxis will eventually carry the day.

"The wave may be defeated" but the tide is sure to win." China has adopted the Western calendar, and also the reckoning by weeks, but except officially and in the fringes along the coast etc., the old and more convenient lunar month will hold on (as in Japan) for centuries to come. The Chinese queue,a badge of subservience to the Manchus who

OLD STYLE .MISSION STATION CLASS FOR MARRIED WOMEN-3D TO 60 YEARS OLD no longer govern China, is yet. dear to large parts of rural China, though forbidden by the rulers of today. The same is true of the footbinding of girls, officially banned in girls' schools and by some energetic governors, but still the practice of a large part of China.

Despite the treaties of more than twenty years ago explicitly promising" reform," the currency of China has steadily deteriorated. There are a dozen different kinds of "dollars," no two of them except by accident of the same intrinsic value. The old brass cash has largely disappeared, bought up by .Tapanese and shipped out of China, the vacant place being taken by light-weight copper. coins issued by a great number of private mints and for more than twenty years progressively debased.

Aviation long since appeared in China, bnt except as a new and untried weapon for militarists, chiefly as a toy. For example summer trips are made on stated days between Peking, Tientsin, and a sea-beach resort.

There is also a new education Oll which volumes have been written, but much has never been told. Compulsory education for both boys and girls has been accepted" in principle." As the Government is chronically out of funds it naturally cannot keep up its schools to any standard. Neither can it pay its armies, which are perhaps the largest, and generally speaking the most futile in the world. The salaries of its judges, foreign ministers, consuls, and government students abroad are not paid, nor are those of its administrative officers at home, nor even its police. Each of these classes steadily clamors for funds, often in vain, so that payments are frequently several months in arrears.

HALF A CENTURY OF CHANGES IN CHINA

NEW STYLE MISSION STATION CLASS FOR MARRIED WOMEN- 16 to 25 YEARS OLD There is a new Chinese Languag·e. New objects to describe mean new terms by the ten thousand. Many cities are renamed, many new official P08ts have been given unfamiliar titles. There is what the Chinese term a "Flood-tide of New Ideas," which are incessantly talked about, but are not popularly understood.

Public oratory, heretofore unknown and taboo in China, has come with a rush, and is practiced by both young men and women.

New customs in betrothals, in weddings, and in all social intercourse, are matched by new costumes, especially for young girls, who in the golden days of the past never appeared in public unattended. Now a young woman can go from Peking to Shanghai alone, everywhere treated with due respect, and no comments madfl..

There is a new Chinese Literature in which the new ·Ijtl,figuage has' is embodied, hundreds of daily papers, weeklies, magazines, review~ quarterlies, and books, in immense profusion. Every "vogue" its organ, and many perish with the celerity of Jonah's gourd. .- The greatest and most far-reaching change in China, how~ver,. is the (in part actual and in part potential) liberation and enfranchisement of the O.ainese Woman, the greatest intellectual, moral, and sociological revolution in the history of mankind, the remoter consequences of which it is impossible to predict.

Anyone whose knowledge of China is such as to make his criticism of value, will pronounce an article like this to be inadequate, unbalanced, dispropol'tioned, misleading and generally absurd. Of this no one can be more aware than the writer. It is a rash attempt to take a snap-shot of the swiftly moving people of China, on a surface so limited as the cover of a lady's wrist-watch.

TEMPLE WHICH HAS BEEN TURNED INTO MODERN CHINESE

EVANGELISTIC SERVICE IN A HEATHEN TEMPLE, SOUTH CHINA SIGNS OF RELIGIOUS CHANGBS IN CHINA 782

'1 t.;1~ ~

~u ~ , n.,~~….., 18 1+ 307 NUMERICAL GROWTH OF THE EVANGELICAL CHRISTIAN CHURCH IN CHINA China and the Chinese Church BY MILTON S'fAU}'FER, NEW YORK CI'IT Missionary in China 1916 to 1922; Editor of "The Christian Occupation of Cllina";, Educational Secretary of the Student Volunteer Movement.

W HOEVER seeks to understand the Christian movement in China must study it against a rapidly shifting background. Time was when conditions Chinese were more or less static, but not now, This rapidly shifting background accounts largely for our ignorance of present-day China. "'-IVe cannot keep pace with a nation and race of China's dimensions, condensing into one or two generations the intellectual, scientific, industrial and political progress for which the Western world has taken s~veral centuries. A Chinese student when Rsked recently to speak pn (he present situa- tion in his country replied, "How can I say' r have been out of it three months." If this is the attitude of Chinese themselves, we need not doubt that something stupendous is happening across the Pacific. One marvels, how~ver, at the relatively small degree of confusion attending such baflling changes in a "civilization as crowded with traditions and superstitions as with human beings."

PROGRESS IN SPITE OF CHAOS To most Western observers the lack of a strong central government, the continued separation of North and South, the presence of military tuchuns in every province, each with his own standing army, supported 'by revenue illegally withheld from the central government, the almost universal lawlessness, brigandage and official corruption, the financial embarrassment of the Peking government and 783

the repeated overthrow of cabinets, indicate complete failure politically. Many doubt whether the Chinese have a real capacity for self-government. Between the alternatives of Russian sovietism and foreign intervention, they much prefer the latter, and because they cannot understand what is going on underneath they assume that nothing constructive is taking place. The troubles China has been having since her overthrow of the Manchu monarchy are due to her attempt to adjust her social democracy to the political democracy of the West. The pains which China is experiencing are pains of growth, not pains of senility. In other words, the present chaos is the sine qua non of future unity and order. Those who know socio-economic conditions in the RepUblic do not anticipate a soviet revolution in China or anything else except the happy emergence of the Ship of State from the present storm in the fullness of time. The struggle between North and South is strictly speaking not territorial. The North may be more conservative and the South more radical, but no party in either of them, not even the militarists and the constitutionists, has ever attempted to separate one from the other or divide the country as a whole. On fundamental questions such as economic' and industrial developments they are one. They merely differ in their methods of attaining the same end.

In politics, as in everything else, one can distinguish two generations: the older men who have fought their way with great difficulty and almost in solitude out of the traditional conservatism and prejudices of the past., and' the younger men who have found Western education waiting for them and have had no internal revolution to experience in their own minds. Having had less of a struggle and having fewer entanglements of the past with no social inhibitions, they naturally possess more energy and self-confidence. They easily adapt themselves to Western ideas and are not handicapped by traditional reverence for the past.

As Professor McElroy of Princeton University has so well pointed out, ".We forget when we read of political conditions in China that in 1783, seven years after our Declaration of Independence, eight drunken soldiers drove our Congress out of Philadelphia while the people of that city, then numbering thirty-two thousand, looked on in silence or in open mockery. 'We forget that a French agent, after searching for the American Congress vainly, reported to his government, 'There is in America no general government, neither Congress nor president, nor head of any administrative department.' We forget that the finger of scorn was pointed at us and a disheartening cry was heard 'you cannot succeed.' "

"China proper" embraces eighteen provinces of most varied country approximately two thirds the size of the United States. The country divides itself naturally into three great sections, each with characteristic differences in people, physical features, and agri-

CHINA AND 'rHE CHINESE CHURCH

cultural products: the Yellow. River Valley in the north, the home of the original Chinese Empire, the great Yangtze River Valley further south, one of the most populous and fertile river basins of the world supporting one half of China's four hundred millions, and the West River basin in the extreme south, abounding in mineral wealth and populated by a mixture of races, some of which give evidence of little affinity with the original Chinese stock.

CHINA AND GREATER CHINA But" China proper" is not China. To these eighteen provinces we must add the three provinces of Manchuria in the northeast, Inner and Outer Mongolia to the north embracing almost a million and a half square miles in area and almost as large as the more populous eighteen provinces; Sinkiang and Kanpien in the extreme northwest, only recently constituted as provinces; and toward the west, Greater Tibet, that unsheltered, sparsely populated tableland of the world, consisting of Kokonor, Chwanpien and Tibet Proper. We must not think of China without including these great stretches of surrounding country encircling the better known provinces and extending from the extreme northeast to the extreme southwest, populated with strange races and bristling with difficult international problems. Especially in Manchuria and Inner Mongolia one finds great fertile areas resembling our own middle states in productive possibilities into which the Chinese have been migrating during recent years in ever larger numbers.

At present six sevenths of China's inhabitants live in one third of its total area. The first recorded count of population was made in the twenty-third century, B. C., and while counts have been taken ever since at irregular intervals, no exact scientific census has ever been attempted. It is safe to say that China's present population is around three hundred and fifty million. The areas most densely populated are the Maritime Provinces, sections of the Yangtze and Yellow River basins and the Chengtu Plain. In Kiangsu, the province in which Shanghai is located, the density of population reaches eight hundred and seventy-five per square mile. This area is perhaps the densest large geographical unit in the world.

RACES AND LANGUAGES Mandarin is the chief language of China, being spoken with slight variations by more than three fourths of the people. South of Soochow and extending along the coast to the extreme southwest of China one encounters over a score of varying dialects, some extensively used, like the Wu dialects of Central-eastern China, or the Cantonese dialect in Southern China. Southwest China is the home of at least ten million so-called aboriginal tribes, some without a written language, and in physical appearance and customs resembling

more the tribes of Indo-China and Burma than the Chinese who lord it over them. In addition China numbers approximately five million Tibetans, three million ~Iongolians and ten million Mohammedans. The latter closely r€semble the Chinese, are widely distributed over China, and· with few exceptions speak Mandarin. As a race the Manchus are rapidly being absorbed into Chinese stock.

SOME ECONOMIC PossmILITIES With a total territory larger than that of the United States and a population almost four times as great, what may we not expect from China in the way of economic developments during the next fifty years1 The old primitive hand-driven methods are rapidly being replaced by factory methods of the West. In spite of little encouragement from the government and in the face of excessive taxation, modern factories, backed by Chinese capital and under Chinese management, have been springing up like mushrooms over night both in port cities, and far back in the interior. There are few foreign type articles of domestic use that are not now being manu- factured in China by factories operating on modern lines, the ma- jority without foreign assistance. Weare told that there are markets potentially comparable to France and Canada tucked away in the vast depths of China awaiting the awakening voice of the locomotive. There are resources which the whole world needs still hidden in . inaccessible valleys and hills.

China's greatest resource is her people, industrious, with mental and physical potentialities equal to any on earth, with a rich culture which has filtered down for years through the entire mass, gifted . with mechanical instinct and with physical stamina, the marvel of .the scientific world. South America is a great undeveloped country commercially, yet the entire man-power of South America is lesR than one seventh that of China.

When Shanghai became a treaty port in 1842 it was not a city of much importance; land which now has an assessed value of over two hundred millions of dollars was then in mud flats and rice fields. Today Shanghai ranks sixth among the great ports of the world. At the beginning of the Great War only forty-eight American firms were doing business in China; today the number exceeds five hundred. In the production of cotton China ranks third, being out- ranked only by the United States and India. Twenty years ago there were two cotton mills in China; in 1922 there were eighty-three; some with Chinese capital, and Chinese management, and Chinese labor working on domestically produced raw material and disposing of products in Chinese markets are now paying upwards of fifty per cent per annum. Dr. Wu Ting-fang once said, "If one could succeed in adding one inch to the shirt tail of every Chinese he would keep the cotton mills of the world busy for years in supplying this in-

CHINA AND THE CHINESE CHURCH 7B7

creased demand." The phenomenal sale of Palm Olive soap, stockings, shoes, underwear, and evaporated milk, just to mention a few "new sellers," is indicative of future trade possibilities. Although the foreign trade of China today amounts to only a billion dollars a year it is estimated by the American Bureau of Commerce that when China's per capita foreign trade is equivalent to that of Australia the total will exceed sixty-five billions.

FACTORY CONDITIONS AND LAWS Some understanding of conditions within many of the factories will be gained from Miss Margaret Burton's report after her last visit in the winter of 1921-22: "With no industrial legislation whatever, every factory in China is a law unto itself. It decides for itself what wages it will pay, what hours of work it will demand, with what conditions it will surround its juvenile as well as adult workers, what rest day it will offer them, what protection from machinery it will provide and at what age it will employ them."

"My first visit to a cotton mill," writes Agatha Harrison in her review of the industrial work of the Y. W. C. A. 1921-24, "is burnt in on my memory. A large place, working two shifts of twelve hours, seven days a week, equipped with modern English machinery, with none of the modern ameliorating conditions. Primitive sanitary arrangements-an open space in the middle of the yard-was the only convenience as far as I could see. The workroom was crowded with people ranging from a few months to seventy years of age. Some of the women at the machines had bound feet that only measured about five inches. And everywhere children. In odd corners llabies lay iy baskets or on boxes asleep, or women sat feeding them, and you could scarcely walk for the tiny tots that swarmed the rooms. Some were working hard, otl!ers seemed to be running round-such attractive little people with deft,hands who rightly should be playing. rnstead they spend twelve hours daily, seven days a week in the mills. The dust was appalling."

Is it-any wonder that labor has begun to organize all over the C'ountry1 During six months of last year over sixty local labor uIlions were formed in a single city of the Yangtze Valley. One association in Shanghai, called the " Union for the Improvement of Chinese Labor," included carpenters, masons, mechanics, and others who desired to unite for purposes of mutual benefit and protection, Recently'the Ministry of Commerce and Agriculture has issued a proclamation, quite progressive in character, covering hours of work, age of employees, accident prevention and compensation, etc. No one doubts the interest of the Chinese people in labor legislation much less the urgent need for it. One questions, however, how effectively any laws that may be passed can be enforced, due chiefly to an ineffective central government, the opposition of "intrenched inter-

ests " and the natural working out of the law of supply and demand in a country where the struggle for mere existence is so real and universal.

GROWING INTEREST IN SCIENTIFIC FARMING Alongside this tremendous industrial expansion one witnesses revived interest in agriculture. Approximately eighty per cent of China's millions still gain their living directly from cultivation of the soil. Improved methods of agriculture, irrigation, forestation, ~1lld of coping with plant and animal diseases are eagerly sought after even in the remotest districts. The restoration of order, improved transportation facilities and a new system of rural credits would admirably supplement this desire for scientific methods and the purchase of modern farm implements on the part of agriculturists and would do much to raise the whole economic structure of Chinese society.

WIDENING INTELLECTUAL AWAKENING Concomitantly with industrial expansion on{' witnesses the gradual disintegration of the old economic and social order and an ever widening intellectual ferment in the form of a baffling and universal rising tide of new thought. Ancient moulds of thought and custom are breaking up. A vast expansion of knowledge has come and the younger Chinese are now looking forward to the discovery of a new civilization, the product of the most thorough scientific analysis and synthesis of whatever is best in the civilizations of both East and West. Everything once revered and gained by centuries of costly experience is being almost irreverently re-examined and evaluated. "The idols of the temple and of the mind, shaken and undermined by the new tide, are tottering to their fall." Superstitions are vanishing under the powerful light of science. Old customs are being smashed. Nor is this process of scientific inquiry likely to stop until every doctrine, convention and institution of East and West has been duly appraised. The religions of China along with Christianity are being subjected to an ordeal of fire.

This frenzy of interrogation and discovery for one's self of what is pure grain in the civilizations of the East as well as of the West had its origin five years ago among Chinese university students. Years of close observation of Western civilization and of so-called Christianity, coupled with the revelations of the Great War, have convinced the younger Chinese that if their country is ever to take. its place of leadership in the world it must be as the possessor of a new civilization. The whole movement is nothing less than a critical examination of the cultural inheritance and institutions of the past, and the re-evaluation and reconstruction from the Same of a new philosophy and order of society. This widespread Renaissance Movement is enlisting an increasingly large constituency of the in-

CHINA AND l'HE CHINESE CHURCH

tellectual classes all over the nation and cannot be understood apart from the strong national and racial consciousness of the Chinese.

One important product of this rising intellectual tide is the revolution effected in the written language of China. The substitution of the vernacular for the old classical style of writing may in itself prove to be more significant for the futQre of the world than the Great War. Writing which was formerly regarded as "vulgar in taste and usage," "inferior in quality and honor," now has become one of the chief cornerstones of China's new civilization. Whereas five years ago most of the newspapers and books of China were printed in the old classical style, today practically every newspaper prints its news in the vernacular. No one can estimate the tremendous effect of this revolution on education and the rapid creation of intelligent public opinion.

GROWTH OF THE CHRISTIAN CHURCH "May he be the first fruits of a great harvest." This prayer of Robert Morrison entered in his diary in 1814 on the occasion of the first baptism of a Chinese convert to the Protestant faith is being abundantly answered today. After the first fifty yeaTS of Protestant missionary effort in China the visible harvest numbered less than five hundred communicants. From that small company of believers residing chiefly in a few port cities, the numerical strength of the Chinese Church grew with amazing rapidity during the second half century of missionary effort until in 190T-the centenary of Morrison's arrival, the number of church communicants exceeded one hundred and seventy-five thousand. Today it exceeds three hundred and seventy-five thousand. The churches of China have approximately doubled their number of communicants during the last twelve years. This numerical growth has been paralleled by equally rapid growth in the economic and intellectual well-being of the Christian constituency. We have had, in other words, increase in quality as well as in quantity. Since the close of the Great 'Var the annual net gain of the churches has approximated thirty thousand and in the judgment of not a few this ingathering represents only a small part of the harvest which stands ready for the reapers. The annual increase in the Protestant churches of the United States during recent years hardly equals one per cent, whereas in China the annual increase has averaged six per cent. The supreme challenge now before the Chinese Church is to increase the momentum of evangelism. In a few sections of the country, as in Fukien among the fisher folk, in Southwest China among the tribes and in Southeast Honan among the general populace we witness characteristics of mass movements towards Christianity which are indications of what might sweep over the whole country.

As late as 1860 missionaries resided in only fourteen cities of

China. The great expansion into the interior did not begin until 1880, reaching its highest mark in the decades just preceding and following the Boxer Uprising. Since 1900 over three hundred and fifty new residential centers have been added to those previously opened. During the last two years a score or more of cities located in relatively large unoccupied areas have been opened for the first time as missionary residential centers. The China Inland Mission and the Christian and Missionary Alliance lead among missionary societies in these pioneer efforts. Today Protestant missionaries reside in more than seven hundred cities and villages throughout China. In number they exceed six thousan'd and five hundred, although approximately no more than four thousand of them are active full-time workers at any given time. Allowance must always be made for those on furlough and in language schools as well as for married women, many of whom are able to devote only part time to missionary activities.

MISSIONARY SOCIETIES AND MISSIONARY DESTITUTION Of these six thousand and five hundred and more missionaries, approximately half are Americans. They represent more than one hundred and thirty separate sending societies. This latter fact accounts for the great variety in the personnel of the missionary force, in denominational and theological emphasis, interpretation of Christian truth, methods of missionary work and attitude toward life generally. The fact that more than one hundred and thirty societies have definitely delimited the areas of their evangelistic responsibility where their respective church and missionaries exercise priority rights in ecclesiastical affairs, undoubtedly has hastened the evangelization of China. On the other hand it has exaggerated denominational differences. It has projected into Ohina and made even more complicated than here the many problems of church unity. It has encouraged individualism in many missions, and today when Christian Chinese move from one section of China to another, frequently leads to serious embarrassment on such matters as baptism and communion.

In large cities like Canton where missionary work is of long standing and where its institutional features are strongly emphasized, the number of missionaries is found to be surprisingly high. Twentysix per cent of the entire missionary body in China reside in eight cities. On the other hand let us not forget how much of -the finest and most significant, not to mention most difficult missionary work, frequently goes on in hundreds of smaller residential centers whence many of the finest students and church leaders of the future will come. The majority of the seven hundred residential centers in China still number less than :five missionaries. In these widely scattered mission compounds missionaries are experiencing the real

CHINA AND THE CHINESE CHURCH

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THE WALLED CITIES OF CHINA–OVER ONE THOUSAND WITHOUT MISSIONARIES Dots Indicate cities without resident missionaries. Crosses indicate cities having missionaries.

spiritual needs of China's millions and frequently with only first generation Christians as their reward are planting the first seeds of an indigenous Christianity.

The annual losses in the missionary personnel, while not definitely known, for all of China must be very great, necessitating ceaseless readjustments in the work. Death, sickness, resignation and forced withdrawals make huge gaps in the ranks. Often it is due to physical disabilities, sometimes to spiritual inadequacies. One large mission in South China from a careful study extending over a long period has concluded that it takes at least five new missionaries to leave two on the field after ten years. Experienced observers estimate ten years as the average length of missionary service in China. Do we realize what these figures mean ~ Over fifty per cent of all the Protestant foreign missionaries arrived in China during the last twelve years. While the number of new arrivals is gradually

decreasing, the present annual average cannot be much under three hundred.

THE EMPHASIS ON EVANGELISM Occasionally one hears the remark that evangelism is no longer primary in the objective of missionaries. Reference is made to the large proportion of educational and medical missionaries, to the in- creasing demand for specialization in the preparation of missionaries, to the tendency on the part of many missionaries to give themselves to institutional and administrative work and leave street and chapel preaching and personal evangelistic work to Chinese co-workers.

From all this, some would seem to imply that the machinery of missions is drawing missionaries aside from the central aim of mis- sions, and that the varied "means" of evangelization threaten to become more important than the end itself, namely, winning Ohinese to personal allegiance to Ohrist. The Christian Church in China no less than the missionaries is duly apprehensive of this danger. Over fifty. per cent of the missionaries still devote the major part of their time to direct evangelistic work. Those in hospitals and schools, while exerting every effort to raise the standard of their professional work, are nevertheless in China for one supreme pur- pose which is to win the Ohinese to Christ.

The work of agricultural missionaries has had a profound in- fluence in arresting the attention of people in rural districts to a knowledge of the "Jesus doctrine." The widespread interest and . courageous stand of the Ohristian Church in the matter of industrial reform during recent years has won a high respect for the little company of Jesus' followers from non-Christians generally. Some of the most effective evangelistic work today is being done by edu- cational missionaries who have never preached a sermon or taken a theological course but who in personal interviews and by the strength and beauty of their own Ohristian characters are introducing men to Jesus and personifying Him in their lives. "There goes 'all the same Jesus,' " said a non-Ohristian Chinese of a certain educational missionary recently. Ohina cannot have too many missionaries of this quality, the strange thing is that this type of missionary has never seemed like a foreigner to Ohi,nese.

Of the students of collegiate grade now enrolled in Ohristian educational institutions, approximately sixty-seven per cent are professing Ohristians. Three years ago the percentage of net in- crease of student church members from one hundred thirty-three Y. M. C. A. schools, widely distributed over China, was more than double the percentage of net increase reported within the churches themselves. It can hardly be said therefore that the schools are not equally successful as evangelizing agencies with the church.

CHINA AND THE CHINESE CHURCH

THE NEED FOR NATIVE CHRISTIAN LEADERS No greater problem is before the Chinese Church today than that of securing, training, and maintaining an adequate and efficient Christian leadership. While it is true that in some parts of Ohina, particularly in the older mission :fields along the coast or in the lower Yangtze Valley, small groups of consecrated and able C:p.inese Chris- tians have risen above their equally consecrated but less highly en- dowed brothers, the great rank and :file of the church leadership today is not only woefully inadequate in number, but pathetimilly inade- quate in intellectual training. The New Thought Movement, to which reference has already been made, is rapidly affecting every class of society. To. paraphrase from the Report of Commission III to the Shanghai Conference, this New Thought Movement will condition profoundly the whole task of presenting Christianity especially to the JUore educated and younger Chinese. If the ordained represen- tatives of the Church from now on fail to receive the best training possible one wonders how they will be able to command the respect of the intellectual leaders. When science and philosophy are so widely taught and when conditions are changing so rapidly the leaders of the Christian Church cannot afford to be less thoroughly equipped educationally than those whom they serve. ,.. .

Of the total number of employed Chinese religious workers only one in every twenty-:five is ordained, and 78% of these ordained workers reside in the Maritime Provinces where inq~dentally one :finds over 70% of China's communicant church mfjntbership. The· total number of employed evangelists and Bible women hardly exceeds ten thousand for all China. It is estimated that more than this number enter some form of Christian life service in the United States each year. In all West China, comprising four huge provinces with a combined population exceeding eighty million, the churches and missions report less than eighty ordained pastors. If we take the seven provinces of Central!lnd West Ohiilawe. :find an average· in each province of less than it score of native workers regularly empowered to baptize and administer the Sacraments. One may ask why So fe:.w,·and the answer is quickly given. Pastors are not easily or quickly ordained. on the mission :field. In at least ninety per cent of the area of these four provinces, missionary work is still more or less in its pioneer I;ltages. The majority of the Christian communicants are still first generation Christians. In areas where Christians of the third or fourth generation predominate conditions and prospects are quite different. Self-support is relatively well advanced. Ohristian schools and hospitals are within easy reach of the Christian constituency. The children receive a certain amount of Christian instruction and culture from earliest years. Able indigenous leadership is visibly, not merely potentially, present.

3

It is one thing to look at China from a classroom in Peking or from the fourth floor of a Y. M. C. A. building in Shanghai and it is quite a different thing to look at China. from the banks of the Kan in Central Kiangsi or from the populous plains of Honan where, after a quarter of century of missions there are scarcely thirteen thousand Christians among thirty-two million people, or from the green hills of Kansu, forty days distant from Shanghai, where among ten million people there are still only two Christian hospitals, one of which is built of strong mats, and only one Christian middle school only recently organized with a handful of students.

CHRISTIAN EDUCATION FOR FUTURE CHURCH MEMBERS The education of the Christian constituency, approximating a million in number, is intimately related to this question of better church leadership. Over two hundred thousand children are attending Christian primary schools in China today, while approximately sixteen thousand are receiving education in more than two hundred and fifty Christian middle or high schools. Not all missions, unfortunately, place equal emphasis on the education of their Christian constituency, with the result that many existing Christian schools are of inferior quality, and large areas with consider~ble scattering of communicants are still without adequate or even any Christian educational facilities. The extremes of Christian occupation in an educational way will be seen in the following contrast: more Christian middle schools are located in the two coast provinces of Shantung and Kiangsu than in all twelve interior provinees. The proportion of girls to boys in mission schools is approximately three to seven. This is eonsiderably better than in government institutions.

Until a few years ago Christian colleges had the field of higher education largely to themselves. Today government and private colleges and universities are being established in all parts of the country. The enrollment of students in these institutions is ten times greater than in the sixteen Christian colleges and universities. Were one to hear that approximately twenty-five hundred young Chinese, of whom only eight per cent are girls, are doing full coUege work in Christian institutions in China, the figure in itself might not be very impressive and one might fail utterly to comprehend the tremendous contribution whieh these institutions are making through their graduates to the whole life of China and particularly to indigenous Christianity.

A statement commonly heard in China is that less than ten men in every hundred and less than one woman in every thousand are able to read and write. Against this background we have the statement that approximately 60% of the male communicants and 40% of the female communicants within Protestant churches are able to read their New Testaments in character, Romanized, or phonetics.

CHINA AND THE CHINESE CHURCH

These figures are even more significant when we recall that 76% of the entire Protestant Church membership is found in small cities and rural communities. May it not be that this relatively high degree of literacy coupled with the unique educational facilities offered to the Christian constituency constitute adequate cause for that influential position in society which Chinese Christians are increasingly enjoying7 Nothing is more promising for indigenous Christianity than the rapidity with which members of the Christian constituency ate being educated. While China has about one in every seventy-five of her total population in school, the Christian constituency reports about one out of every three now in school.

SELF-SUPPORT IN THE CHINESE CHURCH In most of the larg'er and older mission fields one may find a number of churches which have attained complete financial independence. They support their own minister, pay for all running expenses, conduct elementary schools and not infrequently contribute to home missionary enterprises in their immediate locality. In some younger evangelistic-fields, notably where work among aborigines is now so successfully carried on, self-support has been a characteristic feature of the work from the beginning. Except for the salaries of its foreign secretaries and in part initial expenditures for buildings, the work of the Y. M. C. A. is wholly dependent upon local finances. A miSSionary of a large society recently stated that over sixty per cent of the total expenses for evangelistic work in his mission last year had been contributed by Chinese Christians. Approximately forty per cent of the Ohristian hospitals are now practically self-supporting except for the salaries of the foreign staff.

THREE SINGULAR DEvELOPMlmTs Three very singular developments are taking place within the Ohurch of China. They may be suggested by the phrases, the development of indigenous Christianity, the interest of the Ohurch in every department of social and national life, and the deepening and enriching of the spiritual life of Ohristians. Let us consider each of these briefly. From a study of the various Commission Reports submitted to the National Ohristian Oonference in Shanghai,_ May, 1922, we find the following points mentioned as essential to a truly indigenous Ohurch. The Ohurch, "must, in organization, government and interpretation of the Ohristian message preserve the spiritual inheritance and express the peculiar genius of the Ohinese people." "The wholesale uncritical acceptance of the traditions, forms and organizations of the West and the slavish imitation of these are not conducive to the building of a permanent genuine Ohristian Church in China." In order to be truly indigenous the Ohurch must become fully self-supporting, self-governing and self-propagating. The present versions of the Bible are felt to be too foreign in char-

acter and a desire has been expressed that a new version "whieh is to be the product of reverent scholarship. of the Chinese race" be eagerly sought after. The Chinese churches have as yet few hymns which express the religious experiences of their lives, few written prayers which adequately express their own yearnings and intensify the feeling of unity in their heart.

There is a growing interest among Chinese in every department of community life. Chinese Christian leaders want their churches to be more than places for occasional prayer, sermons and songs. , 'The church ought to be," and here we quote from the Report of Commission II to the National Christian Conference in 1922, "the busiest place in the whole village. It should minister, through its whole membership, to the spiritual, moral and physical needs of every section of its own community whether Ohristian or non- Christian. ' , Because of this conviction the institutional church has become exceedingly popular in many of the larger Chinese cities. One Chi- nese, after attending such a church, confessed that no longer did the Christian religion seem foreign to him. In addition to the regular religious services, such community activities as kindergartens, f'tee schools, special classes in English and commercial subjects, cinema and stereopticon exhibitions, reading room and libraries, playground activities, medical clinics, health campaigns and social welfare programs constitute the more common forrns of community service. Other evidences of this pronounced interest on the part of the Chinese Church in community life and frequently of its courageous stand on social and industrial questions appear in the minimum standards for labor as unanimously adopted by the National Christian Conference. 1922, in the magnificent work of the committees, national and local, on "Ohurch and Industry," "The Christian Rome," "International Relations," "Opium Menace," etc.

Throughout China during the last two years missionaries and Chinese Christian leaders have been meeting in retreats the objects of which have been the deepening of the religious life of individual Christians, "consecutive thinking on the deeper issues of our common task in Ohina,'" inspiration and fellowship.

U NOOOUPIED FIELDS Almost one fourth of Ohina Proper including Manchuria still remains unclaimed by any Protestant missionary or Chinese home missionary society. In addition, an area exceeding in extent the whole of China Proper and embracing almost all of Inner Mongolia, Outer Mongolia, Sinkiang, Kokonor, Chwanpien and Tibet remains unclaimed and practically unentered. To these great stretches of unclaimed territory w~ must add cities of Indo-China, Formosa, the East Indies and other places where Chinese estimated at over 8,-

CITIES IN

From a map prepared for the ]923 "D;rertory of Protestant Missions in China, ' , indicating the location of about 715 cities in which sixteen or more Protestant missionaries reside; also showing about 700 cities in which there are no resident missionaries.

LARGER MISSION CENTRES OCCUPIED Enqlish Mite:!'

fjI Wit.h 10·25 rni!osior'laries 50 o $0 100 • With 26-50 missionaries ~ Rivers @ With 50 01'" more missionaries _0 ____._ Railway, in operation CITIES WITHOUT FOREIGN MISSIONAR,( RESIDENTS • H5ien c,ties ~ Tin~ c.ities [J Chow cities 0 Fu cities

CHUlOf AS IT WilL

The aecompanying charts represent the Chinese • how idea of the present and the ideal relation of Christian denominations in China. On the left are the organization:s, loosely bound together, and working independently; On the right, the unified Christian Church centers about Christ and a gen· eral organization, each province having its own branch of the Church. The Chinese strongly favor not only Christian unity but Church union.

THE CHURCH IN CHINA-DIVIDED OR UNIFIED _ RAILROADS IN O,.ERATlmi …….. RAILROADS UNDER CONSTmlCTION __ 011 CONTRACT~D fOIl •••••• RAILROADS .-rtOJECTEO ····RAILROAD CENTER II –UNION MISSION COlLfG[S

CHINA AND THE CHINESE CHUR(;H

000,000 in total number reside, and where as yet comparatively little work is done among these relatively influential countrymen.

Within China Proper, including Manchuria, the provinces of Heilungkiang, Yunnan, Kansu, Kwangsi, and Kweichow report the greatest extent of territory still outside the accepted responsibility of a~y'missionary society. Generally speaking, most of these areas are sparsely populated, mountainous, or arid in character, and very difficult of access. _ Over 800,000 square miles or approximately 46% of the area of China Proper, including Manchuria, still lies more than ten miles from any reported evangelistic center. Eighty-six per cent of Kansu, seventy-seven per cent of Manchuria, and seventy-five per cent of Kwangsi (if greater definiteness be needed to press the po.intjlome) are still outside the acknowledged responsibility of any Christian evangelizing agency. Two thirds of all the counties of China average less than five Chrisijall communicants per ten thousand inhabitants. One fifth are without}£ single evangelistic center. The missionaries giving full time service to the evangelization of China's ten million Moslems caR be counte-d on the fingers of one hand. There are approximately twelve million tribes-people in Western and Southwestern China, among whom and for whom practically nothing has yet been done. These simple people are open and waiting for the gospel message.

In the Chinese provinces of Sinkiang (Eastern Turkistan), over a score of Swedish missionaries have been at work since 1892 in four mission stations. Medical and orphanage activities have gone hand in hand with direct evangelistic efforts. As yet the converts do not number fifty. Think of it-fifty living converts after thirty years of missionary service. The experience of Christ's early disciples is not unknown to these patient Swedes: "Master, we have toiled all night and caught nothing. " Yet these are not the kind of men to say, "Let us go home and let the Chinese Church do it." They emphasize and encourage native leadership. These missionaries maintain two Bible schools in different parts of their great field with four and two students respectively. They are the kind of men who look need straight· in the face, and know that all the workers they can muster, be they native or foreign, will not be too many. These Swedish missionaries, believing that they might be able to state the needs of Central Asia through the rec~nt Survey of China, passed a resolution in their Eastern Turkistan Conference, held at Kashgar, October 18-28, 1919, in which they called attention to the unentered areas of Chinese Turkistan, declaring that "here is so big a field, there is room for a number of other societies in addition to our own."

From Mongolia, one of the hardest and most neglected fields in the Far East, came this postal card appeal to the Survey Committee,

PROTESTANT MISSIONARY OCCUPATION OF CHINA IN 1900 White indicates territory within ten miles of a mjssion station written by a continental missionary in a lonely station: "The Chris· tian Churches and mission societies have left the whole of Mongolia to us. We cannot get even one missionary to relieve us for furlough. If you can do anything for Mongolia, please do it and do it at once."

From Kansu, that distant Moslem stronghold in Northwest China, a young English worker (now deceased) wrote as follows: "Every missionary is conscious of unoccupied areas. They extend from our very front doors, nay from our private rooms through innumerable districts and towns out into the desert silence of Sinkiang and Tibet. It is no sudden, spasmodic, individual business that will solve the problem; only a prayerful united effort, in which we all share heartily and to the full."

MISSIONARY OCCUPATION OF CHINA IN

White indicates te rritory within ten roUes of a mission station A Chinese View of the Chinese Church BY REV. K. T. OHUNG, D.D., SHANGHAI R<lsident Secretary of the National Christian Council of China T HE present is the fruit of the past and the future is the result of the seed sown in the present. Although it is rather ven- turesome to contemplate the future of the Chinese Church, we can at least feel the pulse of the trend of the present which is to determine her development tomorrow.

The present Church of China is not like the Church of the past.· In 1925, we are to remember the 2,000 missionary and Chinese martyrs who glorified the name of Christ during the Boxer uprising 799

THE M:ISSIONARY nETIEW 011' TIlE WORLD

which closed the first period of the history 'of the Church in China -"the period of persecution."

After 1900, the Chinese were no longer antagonistic to Chris- tianity, yet they were not friendly. They stood in the position of neutrality. This is the second period which we call "the period of indifference. " .

After the formation of the Republic, the nation suffered a crisis -economical, social and political. She felt the need of dynamic power for the program of her reconstruction. The whole nation was undergoing a deep religious yearning for truth, light and hope.

There were various religious movements which were the results of this revival. The Church is facing a tremendous opportunity. One hundi-ed and thirteen years ago, in the late Dr. Morrison's time, it took seven years to convert one man and now there is a yearly in- crease in the membership of the Church of at least 25,000. This is the third period wb.ich we may call "the period of welcome."

We have now passed to the" period of decision." What a great door of opportunity is facing the Chinese Church! Yet we are to bear in n'lind that this opportunity is not going to exist forever. It is for the thinking laymen, leaders and the missions to adapt their missionary policy and eVaJlgelistic plan and mobilize all the -forces to meet the need of the new era. The Chinese Church itself must be strengthened and reinforced so that she will produce leaders of statesmanlike ability who will be able to cope with the demands of the times.

What will be the future of the Chinese Church T What present tendencies will lead to the realization of her yearnings 1 (1) The laity will have a fuller share in the work of the Church: The laity of today are conscious of their responsibility. We find the laymen very eager to lead Bible classes and prayer-meetings, to exercise the rights of the pulpit and do personal evangelistic work.

In some instances, where a church has no stationed minister, -they are able to carryon the work. There is also a good deal of friendly dissatisfaction over the present type of minister. It is time for the Church to train, nurture and carefully guide its members, giving them enough opportunity to develop themselves so that the future of the Chinese Church need not be dependent upon the paid ministry, but, with the leadership of pastors, the whole congregation will be in aggressive evangelistic service.

(2) The CllIurch is going to take the place of the patriarchal family: In China the old family system is rapidly disintegrating and the small family is being formed. The minister of the church, looking over the congregation from the pUlpit, thinks of them not in terms of individual Christians but in terms of the home. The Church is going to be the home of God's children no matter from what part of China she or he comes; no matter in what type of

A CHINESE VIEW OF THE CHINESE CHURCH

work she or he is engaged. Each child is to be baptized by the Church, instructed during childhood by the Church, confirmed by the Church, visited when sick by the Church, married by the Church and finally buried by the Church. The Ohurch is to be the new ancestral temple (which is not founded by families of one surname but by families of different surnames) in which we, as brethren, . join in common worship of our Heavenly Father.

(3) The Church is trying daring experiments in the problems of daily living: She has caught a vision of the Kingdom preached by the Man of Galilee when He began His ministry of world reconstruction. She has to give society guiding principles for its betterment. She will Christianize modern industry. In every line of modern movement such as good roads, good citizenship, people's education, vocational guidance, thrift week, public hygiene, antinarcotic and famine relief, we find Christian men and women taking the lead in supporting and fostering them. The Church is not only to save China, she must be international in her outlook. She is to cooperate with Christian men and women of other lands in quickening the coming of the new social order.

(4) The Chinese Church is to be a deeply mystical, Church: Owing to the crav,ing of our own countrymen for the life and light, and owing to the bewildering controversy of "modernist" and "fundamentalist" in the West, the Church of China is coming back to Christ and to the Bible. In silence, in meditation, in prayer and in exchange of spiritual experience, the Church is coming to feel His loving presence and to see Christ. We thank God who sent the Western churches to build the bridge to help us across to meet Him. We are now kneeling before Him saying" My Lord and My God." In the coming generation, China will produce expounders of the Bible and her religious leaders will base their message upon their own spiritual experience. .

(5) The Church is to be the center of community life: In the past, churches were more or less mission-centric; therefore, €ven in big cities, where there are from five to ten strong churches, each works out its own program without planning on a city-wide scale, and working quite apart from the community in which they live. The Church of China has no place in any city if she is not to be recognized as a Church of the people, by the people and for the people. We find the organization of City Church F€deration, Union Evangelistic Committee; we find the provincial Church federation and the councils are expressing this new consciousness in the Church to be the center of the community life. (6) The Chinese Church wiU be developed in the country places mther than in the cities: The building up of the huge plants, medical, educational, evangelistic, etc., in big cities is facing a great crisis. If the capitalized forces of the cities are not to be released for ag-

gressive work in the country, the Church will reach the stage of stagnant progress. There are 300,000,000 farmers, 1,000,000 hamlets and 100,000 counties in China. The Church is beginning to face this immense unfinished task. The coming to China of seventy agricultural missionaries to tackle this big problem of rural church and country life needs all the help the missions can give. The Chinese Church will not be indigenous if the Church is not widely planted in the rural districts.

(7) The Chinese Church is to be 'united in Christ: We have a right to predict that the Chinese Church will become one united Church; we have enough evidence in actual experiment to show that the various branches of the churches here are one in spirit. The very fact of the organization of the National Christian Council, which represents the work of every line-medical, educational, hterary, social, evangelistic-and of 136 missionary societies shows that she is one in Christ in her outward expression. She will create. throul!."h Christian strategy, the power to evangelize and occupy China. She will be the dynamic force in building China. China for Christ is to be realize'd because of this great spirit of cooperation between foreign and Chinese; ministers and laity; men and women; old and young. It is not impossible for the Chinese churches to become nnited into one great Church.

(8) The Chinese Ch1~roh will have a reoognized position in theJ Church Universal: She is no longer in a position of mission control, she is now in the period of mutual control with missions and churches. She will soon come to the time when she is self-supporting, self-governing and self-propagating. She will not be satisfied to be classified by churches in the West in the category of the mission field of America or Europe; she ought to be given a chance for direct expression among the brethren in the ,Vest, not only in connection with the problems which she is facing now both in and outside of the Church, but also in connection with international problems which the whole Church of Christ is praying over and stUdying.

*** As we look back over the development of the missions and churches during the past one hundred years, we realize the wonderful providence of God in planting His Church far and wide in this great land during her national crisis. It is the economy of God that China has been politically weak so that the new doctrine was able to come in and become rooted. God has kept China isolated from the world and she has survived to receive the Gospel. His will for the Chinese Church is to be unfolded more and more so that the Chinese Church will become His vessel, consecrated to carry out the mission which He planned before the creation of the world.

A CHINESE INTERPRETATION OF THE "BROAD AND THE NARROW WAY"

This Is II drawing by a Chinese Christian, Llu Moo Lin, Above Is the eye of God, Numbers and Dible references explain the various features of the chart. On the left is the Hbroad way," leading to destruction, beginning with the broad &ate and easy road, the opium den, gambling house,brotheI, the theatre, the graveyard. war and punishment. On the right is the narrow door, OVer which Is an inscription, "Eternal Life." Then come the fountain tor cleansing beneath the cross, a church. school, home, a rainbow of promise and the city of God. The gulf widens between the two, but there afe a tew narrow passages by which men may go from one road to the other.

803

SOME HINDRANCES AND HELPS TO CHRISTIANITY IN CHINA By REV. I<'R'~NK G. RAWLINSON, D.D.

HINDRANCES HELPS Apparent sympathy of Western Every Sunday 1,000,000 Chinese imperialism and Christian propa- hear the Christian message at ganda. about 8,000 centers.

Confusing so-called "Christian" The popUlation grows about one civilization with Christ's Way of per cent a year and the Church Life. about six per cent a year.

-Vagueness of Western Christian The Christian Movement is a position as to war and economic recognized part of China's life. justige. Successful attempts at mutual Unwise and un-Christian denom- interpretation of East and West inational politics and propaganda. to each other.

Conflict between the "funda- Chinese Christian search for mentalists" and "modernists" in Christian ideals in nationalism and mission circles. internationalism.

Conflict of economic standards The cooperation of over 130 of Chinese and Western Christians. Christian groups III National Chr]lJtian Council. Pressure of non-Christian community on Chinese Christian life. Growing support of better in- dustrial standards adopted by Na- The burden of Westernized insti- tional Christian Conference tutions on Chinese Christian eco- (19212): (1) No child labor below nomic strength. 12; (2) Every seventh day for rest; (3) Safeguarding of work- Dependence of Chinese Chris- er's health. tians on Western Church for finances and leaders. Growin/r Chinese consciousness of responSibility for live home mis- Grinding urge of material needs sionary movement. that conflicts with calls of spiritual life. Chinese Christian Literature As- sociation newly organized. Claims of Chinese patriarchal system vs. Christian family ideals. Live interest in the ministry in Christian schools. Articulate intellectual opposition to Christianity. Improvements in religious edn-", cation in China.~", Comparative inarticulateness of Christians in meeting intellectual Increase of number of Chinese opposition. Christian8 in leading positions.

Fear of Western and Chinese Movement8 to promote literacy, militarism. and to decrease poverty.

Inadequate supply of trained Religious revivals that show a native Christian leaders. desire for vital religious experi- ence. Inadequate presentation of the Christian message.

THE HELPS ARE OUTSTRIPPING THE HINDRANOES

A CHINESE POSTER USED IN FIGHTING THE GROWING USE OF

Showing the waste ot money, burned tn smoke, but greatly needed for tood and education The New Christian Struggle in China BY REV. FRANK RAWLINSON, D.D., SHANGHAI, CHINA Editor-in-chief of The Chinese Recorder T HE Christian Church, anywhere and at any time, has to struggle. Do the obstacles to Christian progress in China arise only or mainly from conditions within the country and t,he people or are there equally great stumbling blocks found in the way Christianity is presented to the Chinese!

That Chinese sinfulness, because of its special virulence, is the chief obstacle to Christian progress is often assumed by some swivel chair critics of China. "China has many uniq1te social ills." "Chinese civilization and nature contain an inherent and racial antipathy to what is good." But human nature in China looks very f,amiliar when viewed through the untarnished lens of Christian fairness. Chinese hesitancy in accepting Christianity is not due to racial rottenness.

Obstacles to Christian progress in the individual and social life of China have three sources : (1) Human nature; (2) Social and religious conditions in China; (3) Conditions in the impact of the Christian Movement on China.

What are the most significant aspects of the present Christian 8()5

struggle in ChinaT Hints at the answer are found in prevalent queries: "What is the real aim of the Church in China ~ " "Can it or does it do w)J.at it demands?" The Chinese are used to their own religious leaders practising religion, not preaching it. "Why is a preacher needed at alB" was a query once put to me. "Why not let the doctrine do its own work1" Christians claim to know something more important and to know it better than the Chinese. Wang Yang Ming said, "To begin to do is to achieve knowledge." Here is found the explanation of the stiffening opponent standing within China's wide open door. "Christian" nations do not do what the Christian preacher in China says. This is one of the explanations of the disturbing fact that many Christian students who go to the United States return less Christian than when they went.

Just now Christians find themselves in a curious predicament. In 1925 occurs the twenty-fifth anniversary of the Christian martyrs sacrificed in the Boxer uprising. The question of commemorating this sacrifice fittingly has naturally arisen. And here looms up the perplexity. The Boxer uprising was a mixture of superstition and resentment against Western plans to divide up China. We have gotten past the superstition. But the Chinese memory is long. Now how can we commemorate the sacrificial death of these Christian martyrs without at the same time bringing into sharp recollection the imperialistic inroads of the West upon China1 Now a word about Chinese nature. The Chinese are neither less nor more eager to accept Christ, when He is understood, than are Westerners. All China's religious systems teach moral living. The Christian appeal to a good life is welcomed.

The old attitude of superstitious prejudice, for many decades a barrier of adamantine rigidi.ty, is hardly a serious factor today. Foreigners formerly being looked on as barbarians, anything they. advocated was beneath serious consideration. But the Westerner is no longer looked upon as a barbarian. To many he is even a possible friend. He holds a place in China to be reckoned with. But there is smouldering opposition on the part of some who are not touched at all by hoary superstitions. A prominent Chinese government educator wrote to me recently and said with bitterness, tempered, I thought, with pathos, "I disbelieve categorically in the truth of revelation and am appalled by the disastrous effects, ethically, socially, politically, internationally-from the standpoint of the Chinese-wrought by Christian missions and missionaries." Later he said "Since the Gospel, endowed with high prestige and protected by great powers, is being spread in China the private views concerning it of a heathen like myself would hardly affect it."

How many have this attitude I do not know. It is the metamorphosis of the old superstitious prejudice against Christianity into something deeper and even more difficult to remove. One effect

THE NEW CHRISTIAN STRUGGLE IN CHINA

of this attitude is that Christian edncators who come to China :find that they have to soft pedal Christian teaching if they wish to enter government institutions.

In general Christian workers in China enjoy much popular goodwill. The altruistic efforts of Christians in schools, hospitals and social service are appreciated. Nevertheless, there is an increasing tendency to accept these altruistic benefits without accepting the Christian religion. And there are aspects of Western civilization that counteract some of the effects of this altruistic effort.

CHINESE SOCIAJ. CONDITIONS There are, of course, social conditions in Chinese life which obstruct Christianity. The pressure of the non-Christian community on the members of the Christian community is great. Those who must work outside the Christian community have far from an easy position. But this non-Christian community pressure is not due to any originality in sinfulness. Social vices exist in China. But similar vices match. them in the West. China's social ills are world diseases. Whether such vices in China exist in greater degree than in the West must be left undecided. Against these ills the organized Christian forces work to some extent. The National Christian Council is fostering a campaign against opium and other Christian groups are moving against the social vice in various places. But a weak community consciousness increases public apathy toward these social sores.

Illiteracy and poverty are terribly prevalent. But these are not hindrances so much as they are opportunities. The "Popular Education Movement," which is being pushed by the Y. M. C. A., is rapidly gaining headway in popularity and effectiveness against illiteracy. In so far as ignorance is an hindrance to true Christian living, it is more evident in China than in the West. Grinding poverty is China's heaviest social load; it numbs the spirit. "The average Chinese is numb with need." It is terribly easy in China to think in terms of material need. The problem of poverty has as yet received very little attention though Christians are moving on industrial conditions and the home needs through special commissions of the National Christian Council. Interest is awakening. Agricultural workers are seeking to combat the rural grind. In all these poverty and ignorance are involved. Hunger and ignorance work against not for Christianity. There is, moreover, a real difficulty here that is often overlooked. The economic status according to which Christian work is done and to which many workers-particularly Western-adhere, creates a contlict in standards of living that, unless strenuous effort is put forth to correct it, may give the impression to the Chinese that Christians are indifferent to injustice.

Ignorance of the true Christian message is a greater difficulty than either illiteracy or poverty. In this ignorance both the literate and the illiterate share. A large proportion of Christians cannot read their Bibles and their knowledge of Christianity must perforce be vague. Probably only a very small proportion of Church members have really grasped the Christian message.

This misunderstanding is accentuated by the silence of Christians on many of the deep problems of life now confronting thoughtful Chinese. During the last year leading non-Christian Chinese thinkers debated publicly as to which conception of life China should adopt. Should science,economics, or metaphysics separately or together be the basis of this conception' No debater suggested that religion was involved; and Christians did not contribute anything to the discussion. One prominent Chinese writer recently suggested that Christian literature need not be seriouslv considered. As a matter of fact the Christian forces have not y~t been able to agree on any program of literature adapted to the present situation. This silence is an hindrance of no small moment!

StraIigely enough the chief obstacle in Chinese social life is something not wrong in itself. Christianity seems to require at the start a break in family relationships. The struggle between loyalty to the family and to Christ is becoming more keen. One of the objections to Buddhism was that it undermined family life, because it took people out of the family into a life apart. Christianity retains the family life but the Western mode is different from that of China. The question that most frequently rises when a Chinese considers becoming a Christi&n, is, "What must I do about my parents?" The struggle is over wayS' nf being filial, not over its necessity, and is caused more by theadvem of Western family customs, that have become somewhat Christianized, than by any difference in essential family obligations. Polygamy does not create nearly as much difficulty (though it is far from a dead issue) as do conceptions of filial piety. Chinese ideals are against social evils. What was done against opium can be repeated against any other social evil when opposition is organized. But the Chinese do not see just what Christianity means to do with regard to family relationships.

CONFLICT WITH RELIGIOUS FORCES " In<this struggle conflict with Chinese religious forces is prominent. This is not due' to the opposing of Christianity by Chinese superstitious elements only. On the contrary there is widespread criticism of all forms of superstition. The conflict is essentially one between two parties adhering to ideals of the good, but differing as to methods of achieving it. The Christian struggle with the religious life of China heads up

THE NEW CHRISTIAN STRUGGLE IN CHINA

in the revival of the best and strongest elements in Buddhism. That this revival has a bearing upon Christianity is seen in the recent public defection of a prominent Christian, a member of the National Christian Council. He decided to become a BUddhist. Why is not altogether clear. For this defection and the revival of interest in Buddhism two explanations are attempted. (1) Christianity seems to some to consist mainly in putting singing, public prayer, and preaching in the place of petitions, incense burning and masses. (2) Christianity lays too much emphasis on the social application of its principles and so does not give sufficient time for attention to the release of the soul from the entanglement of desire. This may point to a weakened emphasis on spirituality in Christianity. There is good grouud for thinking that recent drives for funds for Christian work in Shanghai have been affected adversely by this revival of Buddhism. Christianity is not yet fully understood by Buddhists. Such a situation calls for an apologetic that will clarify the relation of the good advocated by these opposing religionists. The Christian Mission to Buddhists in Nanking, in addition to ,having to face the disinclination of Buddhists to become Christians, also faces the disinclination of many Christians-foreign mainly-to consider any friendly approach and cooperation with Buddhists as fully Christian. The Buddhist heart will not be won to Christ by a refusal to recognize the good for which it is already striving.

The same struggle is evident in connection with ConfucI!lnism. Confucius was never looked on as divine. He is dead but the noble truths he upheld are still vit~l and are bursting through the shell of crippling formalism. Christian and Chinese religionists suffer from a common malady-ignorance of each other. To give the fuller message of God in Christ does not necessitate refusal to recognize the good that God has already given to China.

But there are other hindrances to the spread of Christianity in China. . Denominationalism is a hindrance. Our coat of a hundred colors with its bizarre blend and strange pattern arouses curiosity. Sectarian exclusionism, an element in Christianity, is something that the Chinese have long ago discarded. The divergent claims of different Christian groups puzzle them. One hears not infrequently the question "What brand of Christianity must we accepU" Happily open competition between denominations in China is not prominent at present. The Chinese are also not wasting any energy trying to unravel the mystery of Western denominationalism. They can see through it. A man may be spiritual for all that. Furthermore the presence of secret sects and divisions in Buddhism makes them tolerant towards this Christian idiosyncracy.

4

POLITICAL HINDRANCES AND PROBIiEMS One early difficulty the Church in China met rose out of the fact that it was foreign. Its present greatest difficulty is in the uncertainty of its relation to politics, imperialism and militarism. We are sometimes asked, "What is the effect of the non-Christian acts of irreligious Westerners in China 7" They are a hindrance of course. But the Chinese can see through them as quickly as we can. A rascal-Western or Chinese-does not fool them. Christianity is not directly blamed.

Without attempting to debate the issues involved, I give a few incidimts showing how little understood is the attitude of Christianity to these bristly problems.

I was recently interviewed by about sixty Chinese: they were educated, but not in the ,Vest. They represented a fair cross-section of the average intelligent Chinese. To my astonishment, I was seriously asked, "Will you please tell us truly whether you are sent by your Government or by a missionary society~" In a day of so much political irritation and nationalistic sensitiveness that question gives us pause, for popular irritation against present international relationships between China and the world is growing. There is confusion of thought among both Westerners and Chinese as to how far the missionary is a representative of his Government or a representative of the Kingdom of God. Many missionaries claim that their relative immunity from interference or attack is due to the diplomatic protection granted them through treaty arrangements. Does that mean that the Chinese see them not only as ambassadors of the King of kings but as projections of the power of another government into China's life1 Are missionaries trying to make a Christian contribution to China or are they assisting the imperialist aims (where such exist) of their nations 7 A stiffening backbone against foreign political influence and desires is very evident. In so far as the Western Christian worker in China tends to be confused with this political influence and desire he feels the effect of this stiffening backbone.

The Christian Church is uncertain as to whether or not war can or should be finally eliminated. This uncertainty is slowly but surely seeping through all the messages delivered in the 8,000 preaching places, schools and hospitals we maintain in China. There is an impression abroad that while war is wrong, "Christian" nations are as helpless as any others to get rid of it. At the close of a meeting, in which Western Christians had discussed the problem of war and had exhibited wide differences of opinion thereon, a Chinese auditor remarked, "I should think you Christians would have settled this question before coming to convert China."

Theoretically, the Western Christian stands for spiritual forces. Practically he is so related to the war cult and the possibility of

THE NEW CHRISTIAN STRUGGLE IN CHINA

protection by material forces through treaty arrangements that his attitude is often misunderstood. Recently a Western Christian asked a prominent Chinese diplomat "When do you think extra- territoriality will be given up?" The reply was "When China is sufficiently strong to defeat a Western nation." The sting in that remark is that it is assumed that "Christian" nations are in the last analysis amenable only to superior material force. This seems a denial of the claim of the Christian to reliance on spiritual forces only. "Is the Gospel a gospel of love or of force 7" That is the question.

In the last meeting of the China National Christian Council Mr. S. T. Wen, Commissioner of Foreign Affairs, Nanking, a member of the National Christian Council, said "The Chinese atti- tude is against aggression, and is summed up in courtesy towards others and yielding to their wishes. The Chinese prefer to submit to injustice rather than to force their own wishes." That statement is significant. Chinese experience can test Christianity in its own terms. What is the effect on the Chinese mind when it is realized that in contrast to this the impact of "Christian" nations on China is based on aggression ¥ We have convinced the Chinese that missionaries do not gouge out children's eyes. But it is much harder to convince them that Christianity is essentially a philosophy of love and of reliance on spiritual forces. Can we hope to win China unless we do thisT China has idealism. But she needs proof that Christian idealism can be worked. The Chinese have never tried to make society ideal. Can the Christian do it 7 A friend pertinently said recently, "China has seen how individual Christians can practice Christian principles. What China now needs to see is a "Christian" nation practice the ideals that their representatives in China are urging upon her." The Christian life is a way of doing things as well as a way of talking. Can nations walk as well as talk this way1 Thus far the "Christian" West has not proved it. This lack of proof is one of our greatest hindrances.

Christians also are influenced by these problems. Prof. T. C. Chao, a member of the National Christian Council and Chairman of its Committee on International Relations, recently publicly urged Chinese Christians not to call for foreign protection or to seek indemnities when they have suffered loss through persecution. Non- Christian Chinese have no such source of protection and such apparent favoritism does not help the Christian cause. Other Chinese Christians say something like this (it was actually said to me), "The Western brother comes to China to help us. He knows what conditions are. He ought to be willing to accept the risks and to suffer on the same basis as the Chinese Christians." Of course, not all Chinese Christians think that the backing up of Christianity-with

guns is any hindrance. They look on it as a necessary restriction on the operation of evil men. No doubt they may find it easier to rely on treaty protection than to enter into the full Christian Adventure. But the main point is that the situation is creating uncertainty as to the Christian message. This intellectual uncertainty is harder to combat than superstition.

Diplomatic pressure in national affairs is paralleled in the Christian Movement by the "Vestern dominance of the Chinese Church. Many Chinese Christians do not feel free. For instance a prominent Chinese leader recently said, "This is not my church because I am now under the thumb of the foreigner. I know many of our strongest men and women who are seriously contemplating leaving the Methodist Church to unite with the Independent Chinese Church." Other churches also are involved. This unnecessary lack of Christian freedom is a hindrance to Christian progress. It is at this point that sensitive Chinese nationalism stands in the way of the development of the Kingdom of God. With it goes the feeling that the methods and policies of missions in China tend towards the denationa:lising of the Chinese. A plank in the platform of the Young China Association formulates this feeling. At its meeting in October, 1923, among other things, this group definitely condemned the policy of British and American educational institutions on the ground that the education given kills the national and racial spirit of the student.

The projection of un-Christian industrial methods from Western nations into the life of China, also increases the misunderstanding about Christianity. It is true that the problems of domestic industry in China are great and numerous. Nevertheless, as the recent "Copec" conference in England said in a resolution, a grave situation has resulted from the introduction into the East of antisocial industrial methods from the West. It is not enough to say that they do not represent Christian ideals. The Christian Church in the West has not yet made its position clear.

Chinese, like their Western brothers, do not readily accept the responsibilities of the Christian life. But their difficulties are increased by the bitterness of their struggle for life and their limited opportunity to learn what others think. Eagerly they grasp at the help that Christianity offers to relieve these difficulties. Where the Christian witness is free from suggestions of entanglement with undesirable elements in the "Christian" impact on China-true of most of China's hinterland-their chance to understand is greater. But where they can study history, ancient and modern, and see with some clearness the ring of nations around China and can sense the pressure they have put and are putting upon China for their own selfish ends, there misunderstanding arises. The leading "Christian" nations are the leading militaristic nations. Christian and

THE NEW CHRISTIAN STRUGGLE IN CH[NA

nOll-Christian Chillese do not know whether to follow the Christian idealist who comes from the ,Vest or the militaristic model. The drug traffic is also unhappily exploited by people in these same . "Christian" nations. Misunderstanding of the Christian Message is the greatest difficulty in the way of the Christian Movement in China. The Western Christian now enjoys no heightened prestige as a for- eigner; indeed foreign prestige in China is decreasing. His prestige depends on his character alone. The message of the Western Chris- tian worker in China is obscured by the uncertain attitude of the Church behind him on imperialistic expansion, war and industrial exploitation. A message that does not seem to ring true cannot win China. To make that Message ring true is the great need.

PROTESTANT DENOMINATIONS IN THE CHINESE MELTING POT The P rincipal Fields of Various Protestant Christian Missionary Societies in China

"MMARY NINDE GAMEWELL, AN INTERPRETER OF CHINA ING KWONG, City of the Morning I,ight" is the new textbook on China iRsued by the Central Committee on the United Study of Foreign Missions. The author, Mrs. Mary Ninde Gamewell, has been a missionary in China for the past fifteen years. She was born in New York State and her earlier life was spent in Cin- cinnati, Detroit, Topeka and Evanston, Illinois. Her father, William Xavier Ninde, was, for' a time, president of Garrett Biblical Institute and later Bishop of the Methodist Episcopal Church.

After her graduation from col- lege, Miss Ninde spent several ycal'S in Europe, which led to the writing of her first book, " We Two Alone in Europe." This passed through nine editions. Her second book was a biography of her father. 'l'hree books on China have come from Mrs. Gamewell '8 pen, the first being entitled, "The Gateway to China," now in the third edition and listed by the China TVeekly Review, Shanghai, as one of the best books on China; her "New Life Currents in China," published in 1919, and widely used by mission study classes; and her latest volume, "Ming Kwong, City of the Morn- ing Light," a book of graphic pictures, thrilling incidents and rich in information. From earliest years, Mrs. Gamewell has been deeply interested in missions. Since she went to the field in 1909 she has traveled extensively with her husband whose work as G,eneral Secretary of the China Christian Educational Association takes hip to every part of the country. When the China Home Jl.):issionary Soeiety, an indigenous organization, was formed in 1918, and:six Chinese missionaries were sent the following spring to the inaccessible province of Yunnan, Mrs. GameweU was chosen by this group to accompany them as adviser. She spent several rn,onths in Yunnan, seeking to help in all possible ways during the difficult beginnings of a difficult work. For a number of years she has been a member of the Board of Directors of the Cantonese Union Church, Shanghai, an independent Chinese Church. This makes her membership on the Board the more significant. For ten years, Mrs. Gamewell was a member of the National Committee of the Young Women's Christian A.ssociation of China. Her unusual capacity for winning her way to the hearts of the Chinese, has given her wide influence not only in her home city of Shanghai, but in many other leading centers of the .

great republic of A.sia. The Murder of the Rev. George D. Byers of Kachek on June 24th BY REV. DAVID S. TAPPAN, KIUNGCHOW, HAlNAN Missionary of the Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions, 19(}6 to 192~ .n.ABOUT midnight on June 24th a telephone message was received in Hoihow (the port about 60 miles away) saying that the Rev. George D. Byers had been killed that evening at nine o'clock. The telephone line had only recently been constructed and this was the first time we had ever used it. The Executive Com- mittee of the mission had been meeting in Hoihow but Mr. Byers did not think it best to leave his family in Kachek so that he and his wife and four small children were the only foreigners in the station. As soon as we heard the news the Rev. Mr. Steiner and I got ready to leave on horseback at daylight, with a guard of five soldiers. We rilached the market town of UiDick at noon the second day. Here we found two autos, and in an hour reached Kachek.

Here we learned that Mr. Byers had gone to the hospital for evening prayers at seven o'clock leaving Mrs. Byers and the four children at home. The Chinese have always been so friendly that we have never been afraid but the country has been lawless lately and people are being seized for ransom all the time. The holding up of the train in Shantung last fall when money was paid for the ransom of foreigners and official positions were given the bandits has acted as an incentive to bandits, who have said: Why not capture a for- eigner, get a big ransom and an official position 7 Four armed bandits prepared a bamboo pole about four feet long having a rope so arranged that it could easily be thrown over a man's head and drawn tight around his neck. These men waited in the shadow of Mr. Byers' home and as he was about to walk up the steps threw the rope over his head and made it impossible for him t.o make a loud cry. His Bible, hynm-book and lante~ were dropped and he was dragged down the road:"His son Robert's big dog barked and Mrs. Byers heard some one call but thought it was a Chinese afraid of the dog. As the noise C'ontinued Mrs. Byers and Robert, . her ten-year-old son, took the lamp and went out to investigate. Outside they heard someone call in English "Robert" and knew that Mr. Byers was in trouble. They soon saw the bandits and then remembered having heard a shot as they came out of the house. Other shots were fired and when they reached Mr. Byers and the bandits they were about 250 feet from the front steps where he had been captured. Mr. Byers asked them to loosen the rope about his neck and Robert quickly cut the rope. They found that he had been seriously wounded and Mrs. Byers sent to the hospital by Robert 815 for not a Chinese was to be found. The servants were scared and very few other people were "on the compound. Robert spread the news and some Chinese brought boards on which to carry Mr. Byers into the dining room but he had already died. The new telephone was working to Hoihow and Mrs. Byers immediately wrote out a message and asked the hospital assistant to have it telephoned to Dr. McCandliss in Hoihow.

It is a wonder that ~{rs. Byers and Robert escaped for the bandits fired directly at them and a bullet scratched Robert's leg. The Chinese were very much impressed with the bravery of Mrs. Byers but especially of the ten-year-old boy for, as they said, no Chinese boy would ever do what he did. The Chinese said it would have been wiser not to have resisted but to have gone with the bandits and made the officials ransom him. But it is hard for a Scotchman to surrender to bandits even with a rope around his neck and four armed ruffians dragging him over the ground.

It was the custom of Mr. Byers to write at Christmas time a brief history of the way God had led him during the past year. I came across this record as I was packing his books, and he had showed it to me several years ago. He began to keep the record in 1891 when he was only seventeen years old. In the first chapter he wrote, "We do not know how long we may live or what we shall meet with in life." Later he wrote, "I now belong body and soul to my glorious and beloved Saviour. Time, strength and money, heart and life are all His own. My chief desire is to do always those things that please Him." In 1895 he again entered school after an absence from study of eight years. He rented a small building intended for a barn and fixed it up with a floor, window and door; a stove was loaned him and he was" enabled to do my own cooking and live very cheap." He acted as monitor in the school to pay his tuition. "The purpose of my heart is that I may serve and live for Christ in whatever way He may lead." In 1897 he was taken under the care of presbytery and he adds, "Oh, may I be a faithful minister of Jesus Christ is my prayer. " Working his way through high school, he went to Albany Col- lege, Oregon, and continued to support himself. After g:raduating from this college, he entered San Anselmo Seminary and finished in 1906, coming to China that fall. After keeping his record for twenty years he wrote, "The most unsatisfactory thing in the past twenty years is the fact that I have won so few souls for my Lord and Master. My Lord help me to win souls for Thee. Amen." During the next twelve years he had his prayer answered in the hundreds whom he was permitted to baptize in Kachek. The love of the people for their pastor has been shown so often as the Chinese and Miaos have come to inquire if it could be true that their pastor had been killed. Tears fill their eyes as they .tell of his kind deeds.

the Hands of

Extracts from letters from Miss Jenny de Mayer of Russia and he'/' sister, Mrs. B. E. Howe.. of Bwitze1'land The fo01ish and domineering policies of Russian Soviet rulers are illus- trated by their hard and unreasoning treatment of that gentle Christian lady, Miss Jenny de Mayer, who has devoted her life to giving the Gospel to Moslems. She is now in Russia under surveillance. The following letters from her sister (in Switzerland) will lead to prayer in Miss de Mayer's behalf.

My sister's foreign correspondence has had to be completely cut off, even to us. Ve send her news and she sends to us – through two old ladies, cousins, who live in Petrograd. One long, explanatory letter came through by courtesy of the International Red Cross and in it my sister told us the reason for her trials (such as the refusal of a passport to come to us, etc.). It appears that she is suspected of being the paid agent of Great Britain because she receives money from abroad (from me); her simple life, yet helping. many others, is clear proof of propaganda; her return to Russia when everybody else wants to leave it; her Bibles; her large foreign (English) correspondence; her loyalty to the Lord Jesus (which is said to be typically British); her free independent manner-also supposed to be "British."

My sister's last letters prove that she is gradually developing the attitude of all Russians within Russia who are not Bolshevik-an atti· tude of utter hopelessness, of resignation, and weary patience. They are being ground down by a lawless legality (arbitrary although called "legal"). My sister is now living in a comfortable room in a beautiful, renowned palace–Tsarskoe Sela-where the Tsars used to reside. My cousins see her and at least with them she can now have the exchange of thoughts and impressions she hoped to enjoy with us. Money she receives now through an accredited agent of the International Red Cross to whom I sent a large sum and who lets her have what she requires. This saves the monthly sending and receiving of sums-so dangerous to her. She is not at all well-heart and lungs being affected-but my cousin writes that since her stay in Tsarskoe my sister has improved.

Her hope is now that her precious "children" (as she calls her Christian Sart books) may finally enter Russia. As it was apparently hopeless to get them in as her goods, she has made a present of themto the Evangelical Christians of Russia and their leader will try and get them in via Finland, since he has the-right to bring in Scriptures. Her soul is that of a hero, her body that of a martyr. Her faith in God is firm and her assurance that she returned to Russia in the will and purpose of God is absolute.

S. E. HOWE,- Lansanne, Switzerland.

817

As the Church made intercession for the Apostle Peter while he was in prison and the prayer was heard, so please pray for my be- loved sister's deliverance. True, she is not sitting within actual prison walls, yet, nevertheless she is virtually a prisoner, for the Soviet authorities have forbidden her to leave the country.

My two nephews are in prison and apparently both for having been and acting honorably. The Bolsheviks keep people in prison in order to coerce them to denounce some one suspected of not loving the Bolshevik rule. It is terrible in that poor country! A Russian lady in Serbia said to me, "Read Psalms LXXIX and LXXX, the Refugees' psalms, and see what is in the hearts of those who love Russia."

. ,. . Yet this same lady has found the Lord as her Saviour when in need and distress. SONIA E. HOWE.

MISS DE MAYER'S LETTER FROM THE CRIMEA This is a way to be passed in silence. The assurance of having the prayers and affectionate interest in my work and even in myself of my friends in America is a great help and joy to me. I lived in continual tension and expectation last year, hoping to secure permission to bring my books into Turkestan and then to enter Afghanistan. As soon as I had loaded my books on camels and sent them off back to Meshed, I left Askhabad for Tashkent and there presented my request for a passport to Kabul-for investigation as to medical help given to the Moslem women. ~-'or four months I was tossed to and fro between promise and refusal and only the help of the Lord gave me the necessary patience and stedfastness.

The Soviet authorities have tried to squeeze out of me something that might explain to them the strange creature I seem to them-and they ultimately refused permission to go into Afghanistan. When I applied for .a passport to Switzerland this was also refused and I cannot leave the country. Under the circumstances I thought it wiser to let them forget about me somewhat and come to Crimea for the winter. Perhaps later the Lord will open the door for me to rehffi{ to Tashkent. It is not a question of what I desire, but of what is His. will for me.

No literature does reach me, which is an immense privation. You must not think that I suffer any hardships. No, I have all I need and. to spare I I would leave it all and suffer hardships of any kind, if the Lord would only call me to work!

"Strengthened with all might. .. unto patience!"

JENNY DE MAYER.

LATER, a note < from Mrs. Howe, written August 12. 1924, gives the news of a new trial of faith Miss de Mayer's 2,400 Sart books, suPposed to be in Constantinople, cannot be traced so that 'she m.ay now try to go in search of them. She writes that she rejoices "in the power of the mJnd to be elsewhere–by intercession-and to be above limitations of body and other limita.· Hons of movement.II

'BEST

– EDITED BY MRS, E. C. CRONK, 721 MUHLENllERG BLDG., PHILADELPHIA, PA.

HOW TO KNOW AND TO HELP CHINA THEN AND NOW Thought-provoking questions de- MMY C. PEACOCK manding outside reading were used in .

the more advanced groups. From a We were reminiscing about our single group meeting around the in- first mission study experience. It was evitable" dining room table," the in the long-ago college days-before idea of a church school developed, re- special texts had been issued, and we sulting in a unity of missionary used a rather large volume, "The thinking and activity in a local Autobiography of John Paton." church that has had far-reaching in- Then came the Ecumenical Confer- iiuence.

ence in New York City where that This did not happen in quite so historic group of women declared chronological a manner as the record- they had talked enough about mis- ing would seem to indicate. Many sions and determined to study about of the methods are used today and the great enterprise at home and are new to groups young in mission abroad. A series of textbooks, with study experience. As a result of it ambitious titles in Latin, was the re- all, however, there are in many sult, published by the American pio- churches numbers of people who are neers in the inten.'dve study of mis- equipped to follow the group discus- sions-the "Central Committee for sion idea, enriching the thinking of United Study." Later the Council the larger church group of which of Women for Home MissionR, the they are a part and making it a more Missionary Education Movement, and congenial stopping place for the stu- various denominational agencies en- dents returning each year from the tered the field, so that today, indi- great educational institutions of the vidually or cooperatively, they are country. The experience of "In- providing a graded series of mission- dianapolis" must find an echo in our ary texts, adaptable to all ages and churches.

degrees of willingness to study mis- You will find M. P. Follett's" The sions intensively. New State" and Alfred Dwight Shef- Even more apparently evolution- field's "Joining in Public Discus- ary has been the method of study. sion," the latter a volume in The In the early days we confined our- Workers' Bookshelf series, valuable selves rather rigidly to the text. with for background material and for your a more or less formal recitation of personal preparation as a leader. You facts a necessary outcome. We wrote will be making an inseparable com- and read long papers on related sub- panion of a small fifty-page "pre- jects and we spent much time in the liminary outline," "The Why and preparation of elaborate charts. How of Group Discussion," by Har- Then we realized that the text might rison Sacket Elliott, published by The be used as a point of departure. The Association Press. Accompanied by dramatic method crept in. Imper- it you wiIlnot fear to venture forth, sonations became popular. Debates even tbough you may not recently were frequently indulged in. have been a student in a teachers col- 819

lege. Just a word of caution, how- thinking if we follow the prescribed ever. Mr. Dooley has suggested that co~rses of ~tudy this year? More the group discussion method is used specially,- in our foreign classes, we by those who need to conceal the fact shall be studying the most numerous that they have not the necessary in- people in the world. Surely geogra- formation-demanded by the class. phy will become more and more a With apologies to his discerning self, detail, as we realize in greater sig- nificance that in Christ all may be it- demands more adequate prepara- made one.

tion, since the leader cannot know in ROCKING THE CRADLE OF CHINA'S advance what of his predetermined material will be needed. On the LEADERSHIP other hand, it makes possible a maxi- . mum contribution on the part of the PAUL C. MENG class members, so that the wise leader becomes less and less a person apart. General Secretary of the Chinese Students' Christian 4ssodatiou of North America Mr. Elliott says of it: "She who rocks the cradle rules the It stimulates individual thinking. It world." What a responsibility it i~ introduces the opinion of experts. It gives to rock a cradle and to rule a world. an opportunity for a person to know what his neighbor is thinking· a){JUt. It con· But America has been and still is siders the custom and common practice of rocking the cradle of China's leader- the community. It takes into consideration ship. The young and intellectual whatever light experience both of the pres- China was awakened by Occidental ent and the past have to throw upon the invasion in the eighteenth century. question. But it adds a very importaut He started out to seek after the element: namely, group thinking and de- "Magic Wand" that had made the cision. Western world powerful and wealthy. After his journey to Europe he foun,l ~Iiss Follett says: America.

We do not corne together to register America has helped to make a num- and compare the results of individual ber of China's leaders. 'The young thought in order to make selections there· China has never been a good imitator. from. In a real group something new is But America has been an inspiration actually created. The object of group lif~ by her daring experiment in democ- is not to find the best individual thought, racy which has always been the char- but the collective thought. acter of China's social life. America furnished to young China technical Can't you see the tremendous stim- training. Above all her sympathy ulus to the thought life of the Church and friendship imparted faith and that it makes possible? Inseparable courage to this youthful patriot and from that is a release of greater adventurer who was baffled on all spiritual power. sides by inertia and reactionary forces of centuries. Several questions selected at ran- dom from the "Why and How" will It would be most interesting to .show its auaptability for use in either make a complete study of haw the home or foreign mission classes America has, either directly or indi.- during the coming year. "Should rectIy, helped to make China's leaders. human relations be governed by the It suffices to say here that studentl;; principle of racial equality 1 What educated in America are making the adjustments are necessary in the educational history of China. They world jf all persons and races have are equally active in the Christian a chance to be at their best? What Church. The father of China's ren- immediate steps would be necessary aissance in literature studied in to bring this about' Ought missions America for more than five years. to give attention to the more capable Recently this same American-trained races and to the more capable in a young China is gradually taking over country Y Why or why not ¥"

Do you realize that perhaps no group of people will be left out of our

1924J BEST METHODS

t.he reins of government and at the dents as well as on the American pub- same time assuming an impo.rtant lic. They see the astounding diserep- rOle in fields of industry and business. . aney between the teaching of Christ America had a great responsibility and the conduct of the so-called Chris- in helping China to produce a few tian people.

leuders. China needs many more With these introductory remarks leaders of the same calibre to man her the problems of the Chinese students tremendous" ship of state. " may be better understood. In a word America is still rocking the cradle education without character is some- of China's leadership. At present times more destructive than igno- there are ahout twenty-eight hundred rance. To help these young people to boys and girls from China, studying build their character the following in colleges and higher educational in- suggestions are made: stitutions of the United States. They 1. '1'he American home has much to are part of China's intellectual aris- teach young China. The spirit of it tocracy. When they return home can only be caught. and not taught.

most of them will be leaders in vari- There is not.hing so edueational and ous fields of activity by virtue of their profitable as an intimate contact with superior intelligence and education. a happy family which exemplifies NATIONAL CONVENTION OF THE CHINESE STUDENTS CHRISTIAN ASSOCIATION IN NOR'j' H AMERI CA, ASSEMBLED I N INDIANAPOLIS, 1923-24.

These young people are spending their Christian relationships, intelligent upcharacter-forming period in this coun- bringing oj' children, and the science try. What sort of ieaders they will become depends largely upon their of dietetics and domestic economy. education, contact, and life in 2. These young students come from America. a country where social intercourse be- As young people their problems in t.ween young men and young women school are not different from those of has been restricted, Their first im- American students. But as Chinese pression of American social life is »tudcnts they have problems which usually received from the pictures are peculiar to them as a group. they see of the modern "flapperism." 'l'he sublimation of the sex-impulse is First of all they are in a different very essential to' character-building, racial group which has an entirely different cultural background. ,They and there are good reasons that makc are judged according to Occidental one believe that the so-called Oriental and not Oriental standards. It is so attitude of passivism, inaction, imageasy to construe misunderstanding as inative idealism are symptoms of au ridicule which usually results in bad unsatisfied sex-life. America will feeling. render these students a true service if she succeeds in showing them the Politically China is treated as an inferior nation, This fact has a psy- normal and best aspects of the social relationships of her young people. chological effect upon the Chinese stu- 3. Effective education is not merely

to receive but also to give and partici- burly of rushing business. The good pate. The Chinese students are only forces are not doing enough advertistoo eager to tell about their country, ing and selling. their life and culture. Besides, there is so much for America to learn from At least the Christian people have the representatives of the most an- not yet made any definite and concencient civilization. The benefit is mu- trated effort to take care of the spirittual, and the result is better under- ual side of these youthful Chinese stustanding. dents. Mr. Fletcher Brockman of the International Committee of the 4. Colleg'e education is still far re- Young Men's Christian Association mote from actual life. This is true believes that "one educated Chinese for American college studellts. It is Christian leader is worth a whole fordoubly true for Chinese students eign mission station." studying in America. As a remedy various conferences have heen organ- America is still rocking the cradle ized to go more intimately into cur- of China's leadership. There are a rent social, political, and religious large number of young Chinese intelproblems. These vital and direct at- lectuals in America who are destined tacks on life problems are of immense to be leaders. Is America' going to value to young China. give them merely academic and tech- nical training? Will America hide 5. The Christian Church is solving her spiritual personality from these personal .and social problems .in young people Y Will Americans let China. Before they came to AmerIca the newspapers, theatres, city mobs, these young people saw a busy body of and "Coney Islands" be the repreearnest Christians going about to do sentations of their true social life T good. They were specially impressed by the missionaries who forsook coun- The Chinese students themselves try and enjoyment to help others. are not unaware of their own prob- When they come to the homeland of lems. Some of them who saw the true these admirable people they find that America and who realized the impor- Christianity is not taken quite as serio tance of character building started a ously as it is in China. Theological movement seventeen years ago to indisputes baffle their beliefs; denomi- troduce to their fellow students the nationalism adds more difficulties. Christian America. This movement They expected Christian people to crystallizes into an organization which understand them and to befriend is called the Chinese Students' Christhem though they are mhmnderstootl tian Association in North America. by the general public. 'l'lley do not Through this association local groups find such a marked difference between have been formed in different college these two groups. centers to interest Chinese students in the study of the Christian religion 6. The problems of the Chinese stn- and to bring them into contact with dents in America-home life, social the good influences in American life. eontact, participation in exchanging It has produced a number of Chrisviews and culture, and closer coopera- tian leaders during its short history, tion of Christian churches—–can neyer and its influence and effectiveness are be solved unless certain definite and concentrated efforts are made. steadily spreading. America possesses unnumbered resources and potentialities for char- The Chinese Student Christian Asacter building. But these young peo- sociation is supported by voluntary ple do not know where to look for contributions. The Christian churches them. In modern society "the evil as such have not helped either by that men do" lives with and after financial aid or by other means. Conthem, while the good is often buried sequently it has not been of service to and unnoticed among the hurly- Chinese students to the fullest extent because it has no adequate funds to

192~J BEST METHODS

IheBl'idqes ])()(,3 there eJer Q. Chinebe al'e pictlLresquel!t interestin(l- enTer The comImf tuhmertelj in uhich!/llL IH/e' thou~h the~ make the boa.tman no end or. trouble In loJerinq. d.oe~ the mast and.J:JOlin~ und.er. ~OlL hmle a.l'esponf>i bilitlj tOJIlTcL the makinQ rfneJ China. "1he srructures b~q/1fm~ That Ullner.eanobjocliesr.on are su.bborted onpillan made In tIho.t Chri1>tian liJjn~ means. up of cljlindr;calrock:; .set one t…. on top of another without a. ~u~qest;on of mortar.

POSTERS FOR USE IN THE STUDY OF CHINA Four of the posters painted by Mrs. Horace M. Hill, of Minneapolis, and displayed at a number of Summer Conferences. Mrs. Hill is the originator of the Mary Hill Missionary Boxes which have been so widely used. She devotes her studio and her talent to missions.

count on to carry mi' its work more view as to what measures they may extensively. take towards the solution of this prob- Practically speaking there are de- lem.

nominational differences which may Let us dismiss from our minds the false impression of the Chinese as picbe in the way of it concerted endeavor on the part of the churches to help to tured on the screen or exhibited in care for the spiritual life of these stu- the amusement halls. There is nothdents. But here is an organization ing more hurtful and disgusting to formed by the Chinese students them- the feelings of any people than misselves and which has proved to be of representations of their own race, and service and effectiveness during the remarks made consciously or unconlast seventeen years. sciously, or even carelessly, put them Rocking the cradle of a child is a in an embarrassing position. There tremendous responsibility; rocking the cradle of a nation's leadership is is nothing mysterious or strange about an overwhelming privilege. Christian the Chinese people as some Westpeople who think of leadership in erners used to think. Human nature terms of character and service ought is much the same the world over. not let this opportunity of moulding a nation's destiny go by lightly. The Chinese in America are com- posed of various elements and have a short history back of them. The early MAKING FRIENDS WITH YOUR Chinese immigrants came to this CHINESE NEIGHBORS country about 1850 and were mostly ANDREW C. Y. CIIENG from the laboring class. They settled in California and helped in develop- Lecturer in Chinese in Columbia University ing the riches of the Golden State.

Do you realize that there are about Following the Chinese Exclusion Act 60,000 Chinese in America today and of 1880 the merchant class contrib- that ten per cent of them are study- uted to the bulk of Chinese immigra- ing in your schOols and colleges 1 tion. With the remission of the sur- Have you ever stopped to think of plus Boxer indemnity to China by their needs and problems and the the United States in 1908 there began ways in which you can help V It is a the flooding in of bQth Chinese stu- very curious fact that sometimes peo- dents and merchants. 'rhere are ple talk a good deal about interna- about 6,000 Chinese (American and tional brotherhood and love of hu- foreign born) students of various manity but they often carelessly neg- ages in the United States today. Two lect their next-door neighbors. This thirds of them, practically all 'AJileristate of affairs exists unfortunately can born, are attending high ~ools .even among some of our well-wishers and public schools. The other 2,000, of China. For this reason it is not mostly from China, are pursuing ad- at all surprising to find that a large vanced courses in the colleges and number of the Chinese students in universities. There are two notable this country have lost their faith ~n organizations among the Chinese stu- religion and expressed their bitter dents, namely, the Chinese Students feelings against the missionary prop- Alliance representing all the Chinese aganda. The cause of the trouble lies student clubs in this country, and the in the fact that these foreign students Chinese Students Christian Associa- have not seen enough of the best of tion which has its local units in prac- American life, especially that in the tically all the college centers.

Christian homes, and their experi- Perhaps it is sometimes difficult for ences in this land are often confined the American public to realize what to the college campus or to some busi- these Chinese students will mean to ness corporations. It is therefore im- their country when they go back.

perative for the American people to Unlike most of the American boys, think from the Christian point of these young Chinese are thoughtful

BEST METHODS

and serious-minded. They are not so 2. Special church servwes devoted much interested in baseball, jazz or to China, or the so-called "China dance as in their class-room work and Night," are another interesting fea- discussion of home affairs. While far ture that may be put on your pro- away from their homeland they still gram. On these occasions some Chi- keep an eye on the rapid develop- nese speakers may be asked to come ments of their country in various and lecture on their own country realms of life. Among those who hav" which may be followed by a general already returned to China, a large discussion. It is advisable to have number are occupying positions oE some well-selected lantern slides on high order. Some of them have filled China which often help to draw a offices in the central government; large audience.

others take positions in firms and 3. In large cities such as Boston, banks; and still others become doc- New York, Chicago and San Frantors, lawyers, engineers, college pro- cisco, Chinese Sunday-schools have fessors, and so on. 'l'he general posi- been established by missionaries with tion of students in China is, compara- the cooperation of Chine~e teachers. tively speaking, much higher than 'rhese schools mean a great deal eduthat in any other land. This is true cationally to the Chinese boys and especially at the present time when girls and even to those adults who had China needs reorganization practi- less opportunity for studies in their cally on every point. The students childhood. Alongside of the Sunare moulders of public opinion and day-schools are the clubs for boys and leaders of the various reform move- girls such as those found in New York ments. The salvation of China de- City under the auspices of the Chipends largely upon those now being nese department of the Church of All educated both at home and abroad. Nations.

The que~ion of making friends 4. Contributions to the local units with the Chinese residents in America of the Chinese Students Christian As- is therefore a practical one and calls sociation (popularly known as C. S.

for our immediate attention. Noth- C. A.) either by donations or by ing exact and definite can be said opening your homes and churches fOl'

here as to what our American friends their regular and special meetings.

shall do in this regard, for any pre- Experience shows that these meetiugs scription of rules and methods would are the most successful and profitable simply make the matter mechanical student gatherings for both social and and artificial. Friendship is purely religious purposes.

a matter of spirit and attitude of 5. A large number of the Chinese mind of one person towards another, private students in this country arc and it grows fundamentally out of self-supporting and have to work love, sympathy and understanding. their way through college. Owing to But experience tells us, however, that language difficulties and sometimes a few practical things can be done race prejudice, these students often and have been done to bring about have a hard time in making their way our desired end. in a foreign country. Evidently they 1. Quite a few American homes are need employment, especially for the open to Chinese students for week- summer vacations when they may be end parties 01' celebrations on festival .able to earn a bit for the coming days such as Christmas, Thanksgiv- school year.

ing, and the Chinese National Holi- The friendship between China and day (October 10th). 'rhese gather- America has been so long and un- ings, according to our students' re- broken that there is no need to urge port, are very helpful and enjoyable, it any further. What we need today e8pecial1y to those of our students who is to bring this .friendship closer, feel lonely and lack friendship. deeper and in more practical terms, 5

Woman's Home and Foreign

COUNCIL OF WOMEN FOR HOME MISSIONS AND THE FEDERATION OF WOMAN'S BOARDS OF FOREWN MISSIONS SUGGESTIVE PROGRAM AND AC- 1. Winter and Summer Schools of Mis- sions. TIVITIES FOR A WOMEN'S 2. Christian Literature for Women and CHURCH AND MISSIONARY Children in Mission Fields.

FEDERATION 3. Women's Union Christian Colleges of .the Orient. A Suggestive Constitution for feuerations has been prepared by the 4. Work among Farm and Cannery Federation of Woman's Boards of Migrants. Foreign Missions of North America and the Council of Women for Home 5. How to Make Americans out of For· Missions which can be adapted to eigners. meet local conditions. 6. Teaching English to Immigrants. In an effort to set forth the best 7. Daily Vacation Bible Schools. possibilities for such church and mis- 8. The Claims of Christian Stewardship. 9. The Joys of Mission Study. 10. Opportunities for Helpfulness to Stu'

deuts, Foreign and American.

sionary federations, a Joint Commit- At this popular meeting, mission- ary books and other literature should tee of the Federation and the Council be conspicuous, both for sale and for has been (!onstituted, and these two display. organizations now offer a general program of suggestions: III. A workers' or leaders' meet- ing held once a year is a great help in 1. A Day of Prayer for Missions missionary federation. The leaders is annually set apart. A program for and officers can meet all day and disits observance by local federations is cuss such topics as: prepared each year, and can be obtained from the headquarters of the 1. Problems of the Treasurer. women's boards, Home and ]<'oreign, 2. Methods of Circulating Literature. and from the Council of Women for 3. How to Procure Magazine Subscrip' Home Missions, 156 Fifth Avenue, New York, N. Y. tions. 4. Enlisting New Members. II. An annual popular meeting is ·5. Development of the Prayer Life. advisable, when all the missionary so- 6. Programs That Attract. cieties of a community should come 7. How to Get the Girls-Enlisting th~ together in a mass meeting with a speaker who can bring out the needs Girls. 8. Music and Missions. 9. How to Convert Study into Service.

and opportunities of the hour. For An Efficiency Institute for training this meeting, plans should be care- officers of local societies, held one day fully made long in advance. A large for six weeks or for three consecutive choir of well-drilled girls may be en- or alternate days in one week, is listed; a representative reception found effective.

committee and ushers may be se- IV.· An annual Mission Study and lected; the auditorium may be di- Bible Institute when the study books vided into sections for churches; a of the year are reviewed, should be a spirited roll call may be held with leading feature of thE' federation. A original responses; a rapid-fire report small enrollment fee of *1.00 from number may be arranged on the pro- each student guarantees the services gram when each church or denomina- of a good mission study leader.

tion may present a dispatch brief of A Normal Training Institute may best things accomplished. be held, lasting five consecutive days Special program features should or one day a week for six weeks, to be~ prepare leaders to teach the mission 826 study classes in the local missionary an's Boards of Foreign l1issions of societies. North America and the Council of Women for Home Missions and to V. Other meetings migbt be: send the annual membership fee to these organizations. ThesA fees ena- 1. A Book R<Jview and Literature Round ble the national organizations to keep Table. close touch with local federations and to furnish literature, announcements, 2. A Children '8 Rally. and information of general interest. 3. A Student Meeting.

Local federations are asked to affiliate with the Federation of Wom- FOREIGN MISSION BULLETIN CHINA STUDY range the room with Chinese lanterns, In your China study this year, you pictures and curios. Have girls in costume to receive, to explain the will want to vary your methods, llsing curios and to serve the Chinese reall the material available. There are freshments. Secure a pioneer misso many good books OIl China that sionary and have her tell briefly the you will have little difficulty in being story of her early years in China or all things to all men so that by some have some one tell of the first years means you may interest everyone in of Dr. Fulton in China (see "Inasyour church. much") and of the Chinese women she met. In contrast, have two 01' 1. CHARTS AND POS'l'ERS Visualize the study of China three girls in costume tell of the trithrough pictures, charts and posters. umphs of Christianity as shown in Chinese prints make attmctive posters and with a striking sentence the lives of individual Christian Chiprinted below will help to drive the nese women of today (see "Notable message home. Use them to adver- Women of China," by Margaret E. tise the meetings, to emphasize facts Burton. and" Chinese J~anterns." by and figures from the text, to make the Grace Thompson Seton). While the subject real. refreshments are being served have a good reader give extracts from "The 2. MAPS Shadow on the Water," by Jean Kenyon Mackenzie.

Use maps constantly but be sure A Chinese Banquet can be planned they are large and clear. You can along the same general lines as the secure from your Board or from Miss above, which will include the men. M. H. Leavis, ,Vest Medford, Massa- Have a Chinese meal served, and chusetts. the new large paper map of afterwards have a man speaker- China (60c) showing all mission sta- either missionary, Board secretary, tions. Make a large ontline map or Chinese student or a business or pro- China and on it locate your own mis·· fessional man who has been in close sion staJions. Take an outline map and sympathetic touch with Chinese of the world and on it color China affairs. yellow. Then color Africa, South America and North Ameriea blue. If you have a group of young peo- The population of the blue section ple studying China one of the best equals the population of the yellow ways to impress the results of their study on their minds is to have the section. class dramatize sections of the book 3. SOCIAL EVE~TS and give the scenes or plays. Your At the beginning or the close of denominational Board can supply your study course, arrange fer all you with plays but the ideal plan is Afternoon in China. Send out tll,) for the group to write, direct and act invitations on Chinese lanterns. Ar- its own plays.

4. SPECIAL TOPICS they attend any chnrch, or indeed want to attend any; do you know If the members of your study class whether they have adequate opporhave time for special work, different tunities for pleasure and amusement; individuals may be able to make spe- do you know whether they have any cial studies of particular problems. chance for American education Y For instance: The Effect of the Opium War on Christian Missions; China is today a great nation fac- 'rhe Influence of Medical Work in ing, under handicaps we in America Opening New Fields to Missionaries; have never known, immeasurable pos- The Problem of Women's Education; sibilities. If in the solution of her Results on International Relations problems and the meeting of her opand on Christian Missions of the portunities she is to have the support Boxer Uprising; Helps and Hin- of a vital Chinese Christian Church drances to the Formation of the Chi- we of the West must meet her chalnese Republic; Effect of the Revolution on the Life of Chinese Women; lenge today. The Foreigners' Part in the Evangelization of China and Theil' Rela- Ohina's Oha.llenge to Ohristianity tions with the Chinese Christian Workers; China's Gifts to the World Mr. Lucius C. Porter's training and in Science, Invention, Art, Litera- temperament, boyhood residence in ture, Ethics, Industry, Interpretation China, and personal acquaintance of Christianity. The results of these with leading Chinese have prepared special studies should be given in him to write a textbook of a rather vivid talk and discussion. F'ormal or unusual type. He takes the Chinese informal debates on these and other point of view and helps us to see ourquestions would be helpful. selves as they see us. He treats with enthusiasm the fine qualities and pos- 5. FEDERATION LECTURE CLASS sibilities of the Chinese people and enlarges on the recent intellectual and Perhaps after you have had your spiritual stirrings. This leaves little intensive study course you can ar- space for the more customary descriprange for a Federation Lecture Class tions of need and of missionary polifor men and women, asking the pas- cies and methods. If at times he tors of the different churches in your seems very optimistic concerning the town to lead each a chapter. The Chinese on the one hand, or overcrit- Federation Class and the publicity ical of the West, on the other, he attending it should aim to reach just only represents the attitude of a body as many people as possible. of educated Chinese leaders.

6. PERSONAl. CONTACTS Such a book evidently has its uses and limitations. Some groups will The results of your China study welcome the less conventional viewwill be intensified if you are fortu- point; others will regret the omission nate enough to have Chinese stu- of many matters of real importance. dents in your town-or Chinese resi- But perhaps those who would most dents. Personal contact of individ- prefer the more traditional approach uals of one race with individuals oE are .just the ones who most need to see another race is one of the chief ways things from the new angle. It is cerof promoting international good-will. tain that from now on we shall have Students in a foreign country may be to give much more attention than very lonely and will greatly appre- formerly to what the Oriental thinks ciate an opportunity for fellowship and ho~ he· feels. This book should with Americans who have an intelli- help ·us in this respect. gent appreciation of China's present greatness and future possibilities. T. H. P. SAILER. As for the Chinese laundrymen' in your town-do you know whether "Ming Kwong," the City or the Morning Light, by Mary Ninde Gamewell, is the story of the evolu- tion of a mission station, going back

WOMAN'S HOME AND FOREIGN BULLETINS

fifty years to beginnings of work in Succeeding chaptcrH tell the 'Stories China, and leading up by decades to of Bamuel Pollard whose adventurous the present time. There is a distinct career led him among the interesting advantage in taking this cross section, non-Chinese tribes in the wild mounof mission work rather than the over- tains of Yunnan; of Dr. Shelton, of whelmingly great views which we 'l'ibet, whose helpful life and martyr's have attempted in some of our study death for the people he loved out on books. This view of misRion work in the trails on "the roof of the world" a composite station includes the work appeal to young hearts of whatever of pioneers, the development of the age. Dr. Hn King Eng, the little evangelistic, educational and medical Chinese girl with the courage of a work and the training of Chinese pioneer who became one of the first Christians who are' now ready, at the women physicians in China and gave close of the book, to assume a large her ministry of healing in her Mas· share in the direction of the work of tel' 's name to her people for many their own field. The book is espe- years; General Feng, the great Chriscially adapted for women, groups of tian general whose well-known story girls and young women who are tak- is here retold in thrilling form; and ing up the study of missions. Watts O. Pye.

"China's Real Revolution, " by A dosing chapter tells of the Paul Hutchinson, is a vivid picture of Church in China now and introduces the changes taking place in China. 'some of the young Chinese leaders,-,- The book is flill of anecdotes and per- Miss Zung Wei Tsung, Dr. Ch'eng sonal experiences and is extremely Ching-yi, and others who are bravely thoughtful and suggestive. carrying the Torch today.

The book is very valuable for use To quote Mr.' Mathews, these are in classes, particularly for those con- "true narratives of men and women ducted by discussion. The text is so who have believed and do believe so suggestive that even the lecturer who fully in China, and who have loved attempts to give" a resume of the book and do love her so much, and who are is bound to provoke di~cussion ill so sure that they know how she can spite of himself. Classes should dis- be saved, that they have laid down cuss in the light of what Mr. Hutchin- their very lives to carry the Torch of son says and of what they know of new light to her and to help her to the work of the Mission Boards of break the fresh trail to a future that their own denominations, what kind shall be so glorious that it will dim of help China needs, how Christianity even the splendors of her long and is helping her new learning, her new wonderful past. " home conditions, her new social conditions, her religion'l, and her rela- "Chinese Lanterns," the junior tions with the world, and then discuss seriously and thoughtfully what the book by lfiss Minnie McEuen Meyers, Christian Church can do to make this may be introduced to the children as help more effective. follows: Child in Chinese costume carrying an unlighted lantern enters. LAURA F. BOYER. From the opposite side carrying a lighted lantern enter an American "Torchbearers in China," by Basil child and Christianity, an older girl Mathews and Arthur E. Southon, is in white, carrying the Christian flag intended for general reading, espe- and a lighted candle. Leader should cially for 'teen age boys and girls. show picture "The Light of the World" and discuss John 8 : 12, Mat- In the first chapter, a series of thew 5: 14. Explain that because short, vivid stories of the early heroes America is a Christian country, the of the Christian enterprise in China lantern of the American child is give a swift survey of the history of lighted. In China, howeVer, many the Church in that land that early challenged the missionary pioneers.

lanterns are dark for Christ is known child whose lantern Christianity now to only a few of the Chinese people. lights. All sing "Jcsus Loves the Christ laves, all the people of the Little Children." world, all the children of the world and it' is His wish that we take the Denominational work may be light to them. "Missionaries are the linked up with the text _by notebook great light bearers of the world. " work. Each child may make a lan- tern-shaped notebook and entitle it American child clasping the hand "Our Chinese Lanterns." of Christianity walks over to Chinese J. MARION JONES.

HOME MISSION BULLETIN CHRISTIAN APPROACH TO THE round of ritual observances has failed to hold free men or yield spiritual HEBREWS satisfaction. They have abandoned the synagogue. Those who still desire By JOHN STUART CONNING to preserve some contact with the old ways are content with keeping the From the report of the Committee on Hebrews high Holy Days of Passover, New of the Home Missions Council and Council of Year and Atonement. In order to Women for Home Missions. stem the tide, Reformed Jews have established their own synagogues with The coming of 4,000,000 Jews to their services patterned after those of America has shifted the center of the Christian Church and in which Jewish world influence and culture an exalted morality is proclaimed. from Eastern Europe to this country. But ethical monotheism has not The eyes ·of the Jews everywhere are proved any more effective than ritual now turned to America as a new land regulations in winning a general reof promise where the destiny of their sponse or in luring the multitude from people will be very largely deter- their wanderings. Much dependence mined. But "their coming in such has been placed upon Zionism to stay large numbers has created for Amer- the drift and hold the people to their ica itself problems of the most per- ancient moorings. Ruppin declares plexing kind-social, political, na- that Zionism is "the last desperate tional, financial, humanitarian, and stand of the Jews against annihilareligious. With some of these the tion. " But oJewish Nationalism can- Christian Church may feel no imme- not take the place of faith. Mere diate concern, but no one who knows racial appeals can never satisfy the the Jewish situation will deny that hunger of men's hearts for God. J ewthe task of making America a Chris- ish leaders express frankly and openly tian nation will be harder and more their fears for the whole future of protracted because of the multitude of Judaism. Jews who are here, or that their coming has created a missionary problem Loss to the Synagogue, however, of urgent importance. Whether we has not meant gain for the Church. will or no, onr program is bonnd up The abandonment of the religion of with the winning of the Jews. Until their fathers has been attended by we find some way to break down their serious consequences to the Jews. prejudices and turn the talents and There has been a rapid development energies of this most virile of peoples of their materialistic instinct; rationinto Christian channels, the evangeli- alism and irreligion have increased, zation of America will proceed with and there has been a distinct lowering faltering steps. of their ethical standards. The Jews are fast losing their preeminence as Of particular concern to the Church . a moral and law-abiding people. Reis the religious condition of the Jews. ferring to the large number of Jews The breaking down of their Ghetto who have become detached from walls and their entrance into the full current of American life has been disastrous to their faith. There are today few orthodox Jews. The dreary

the Jewish religion, Professor Wolf- upon these churches to include Jew- son, of Harvard, recently declared: ish neighbors in their ministry. This "Broken loose from all bonds of tra- is a fruitful field that only recently dition, these Yiddishized masses are has begun to be cultivated and which gradually becoming a new distinct is already yielding rewarding results.

people-the godless Yiddish people." Every church which has Jews in its The significance of these facts for community-even though it be but the churches of Ameriea is very plain. one. family-should enlist in this en- There is a call of God to do something terprise and seek to bring the Jews really worthwhile for this remarkable into fellowship with the living Christ.

people. On the bare ground of se1£- The aggregate of such service would defense far more effort must be put vastly exceed anything that has hith- into the task of winning the Jews for erto been attempted.

Christ. May not the present time of Much larger provision should be change prove to be, if the Church is made for the publication and circula- really awake, the most fruitful period tion of literature specially suited to in all history for their evangelization 1 .Jewish people. The old literature From whatever angle we view the prepared for orthodox Jews has ceased .Jewish situation it constitutes a direct to be widely effective. A new type challenge to the Church. of literature of high quality prepared The prevailing anti-semitism in for American Jews is urgently needed.

many European countries, and the Some combined effort by the churches evidences of ·the same spirit here and to meet this need would seem advis- there in America, make it incumbent able.

upon the churches to oppose all prop- Any adequate program of Christian aganda directed against Jews as un- .approach to Jews will depend for its American and alien to the spirit of success upon the interest and support Christ. We are, moreover, called of the membership of the churches.

upon actively and sympathetically to Every effort should be put forth to inculcate the spirit of friendliness and have the need of a Christian ministry good will, and thus redeem the name to the Jews presented in every of "Christian" in the eyes of Jews c h u r c h. Educational literature from association with prejudice, in- should be circulated, setting forth justice and oppression. facts concerning the Jews and the ob- In establishing work in Jewish com- ligation of Christians to seek their munities every effort should be made evangelization.

to prevent overlapping. No work IN THE MEADOW should be undertaken in any field occupied by another denomination Flowers and grasses associate r without direct consultation and in Down in the yard by the friendly gate I saw them bending and nodding today, agreement with such denomination. Loving each other in lightsome play, Moreover, in Jewish work, Christian With never a hint of sCOrn or hate.

strategy suggests that two or more But human beings, of separate classes, Never mingle, as flowers and grasses; evangelical denominations could very profitably unite in the establishment Never gather the ;joy they might, and maintenance of centers of evan- Passing from each to each God's light. gelism in the larger cities. There are the few, and there are the masses; Which do you think shows the higher sight?

As the majority of Jews in America The town or tho meadow-which is righH -Angela Morgan. live in residential neighborhoods, and in proximity to Christian churches, Rep.rinted by permission from "Forward March !", c()pyrighted and published by Dodd, an inescapable responsibility rests Mead and Company.

"The power of cooperation is man '8 highest manifestation of intelligence and wisdom. "-Selected.

FROM ,l1ANY

CHINA ing committees illustrated how com- Promising Signs in China pletely the Protestant Christian T HE following points are summar- Ohurch is entering into China's na- ized in the Chinese Recorder, as tional life. The Council is studying the most hopeful signs which several how it can lead the rural churches to make the village church and the vil- Chinese Christians see in the life of lage school social centers. Reports also came to the Council on work among their country today: the blind, among the Buddhists, and the movements to check the grow- (1) A growing national consciousnes§ ing of opium and to cut down the il- literacy. Report was made that there and inter-provincial solidarity_ – are 3,000,000 blind persons in China. Throughout the sessions, the emphasis (2) A strengthening of public opinion was upon the necessity of making the Chinese Church more indigenous-a against militarism and corruption in pu!>lic genuine native church, rooted in the Chinese social tradition. office. An Institute of Self-Government (3) A spreading desire for knowledge, as "UNDER the leadership of the seen in the welcome given to Western pub- Governor of the province of lic lecturers, the growing numoor of st,!-dy Kiangsu," says The Missionary Her- ald, "there is to be established in societies and the translation of Weste'rn Shanghai a school to teach Chinese the principles and methods of self-govliterature. , ernment, to be known as the National Institute of Self-Government. It is – (4) A deepening realization of funda- to be a national institute for political education,supported from the treasmental needs. A rising appreciation of the ury of the province. Already a build- ing has been rented as temporary necessity of character as essential to the quarters, to accommodate classes for the spring semester, and land has life of individuals, families and society. been purchased for a permanent site. Courses are to be given, covering (5) The realization by the thinking class provincial, municipal, and rural gov- ernments, and social work, each covof religion as a force tremendously needed ering four years, with, a common freshman curriculum. It is the earby China in the present juncture. This in- cludes a rising appreciation of Christianity among non-Christian Chinese which ex- presses itself not only in less opposition but also in actual sympathy.

(6) Growing promotion of education.

(7) More trained young people taking up edue.ation as a profession.

(8) Greater individual and public inter- est in social conditions and probleUlll. (9) Increase in the number of intelligen~ progressive young men taking up business as a prGfession.

(10) A tendency toward harmony and co- operation among public organizations when confronting important national or commun- ity issues_ (11) The growing articulation of the Chinese Church. Workers of different de- nominations are more willing to coc>perate and are more conscious of their interde'

pendence in making the work of the Church a success.

National Christian Council THE remarkable progress made to- nest desire to train men and women ward unity in the work of Protes- who will devote themselves to the tant Christian churches in China was work of social reform, which is the demonstrated, according to an ob- fundamental requisite to facilitate server quoted in The Continent, in the and stabilize political reform, and for third annual conference of the Na- which pioneer workers are, at present, tional Christian Council of China so lamentably lacking. It is planned May 20th. The reports of the stand- to have scholars from America and 832

1924J NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

Europe as members of the faculty, in four native churches with their own addition to the native staff." pastors, managing their own affairs and no longer needing the tutelage of Overcoming Chinese Illiteracy the missionaries. It is a revelation to meet these men and their wives, and THE National Christian Council of by their faces and speech to judge lJllilla is making plans for the what upstanding men they are. Church to teach the people to read Speaking to three of these congregaand write. More than fifty per cent tions, one could not help being imof native Christians are illiterate and pressed by their size, intelligence, about eighty per cent of the entire reverence and influence. The Church popUlation. Report was made at the may well be proud of the men and recent annual meeting of the Council women whom she has sent to this field that there has been a reaction against through all the years, and of the noble the use of the government phonetic band which is now 'carrying on.' " script, which appeared to be so popular three years ago. The system rec- Peking-New and Old ommended now is the so-called "thousand character system." James Yen, A missionary of the "Church of of the Y. M. C. A. National Commit- Nazarene" in China writes of the tee, has selected carefully 1,000 char- changes noted in Peking after an abacters of greatest use, and says that sence of only two years: "The streets by one hour's instruction a day for of this old city present a rather three or four months. a Chinese can strange appearance in its effort to put be taught to read and write his own on a modern dress and still retain the language. old. The modern ball-bearing, rubber- tired rickshaw is everywhere, but the Growth in Forty Years age-old wheelbarrow still creaks on its way, just as it did a thousand REV. G. E. TALMADGE, of the years ago. The Western automobile Reformed Church in America, re- contends for the right of way with visiting Amoy, China, after an ab- two-wheeled carts that are probably sence of forty years, writes thus identical with those that might have graphically of what he saw: "Half been seen in the days of the T 'ang a century ago there was one small Dynasty, long centuries gone. The girls' school in our mission. Today steam cars, too, find an ancient counthere are five hundred girls residing terpart in the caravans of the unin the one mission compound, to say gainly camel. These beasts are a comnothing of the many other schools in mon sight in Peking and bring in a various parts of the Amoy field. Al- great quantity of freight, even coal. most across the way are as many boys One might continue the comparison and men, from the earlier grades up in monotonous detail, mentioning to the graduating class of Talmage building styles, methods of business College. On the Island of Kulangsu, customs, and laws." the first church built for the Chinese has been abandoned because it was too A Modern Chinese Town small, and a larger building has been erected, seating one thousand people. CHANG CH 'EN, a former Minister In this church it is necessary to have of Commerce and Agriculture, two morning services to accommodate was voted one of the" twelve greatest the crowds. There is a regular after- living Chinese" in the newspaper noon service, and it was the writer's contest already referred to. He is privilege to address an additional not a member of any Christian evening gathering that filled the church, but, although a prominent church, with many persons standing representative of the old scholarship throughout the service. Over the of China, he takes interest in applying harbor in the City of Amoy, there are Christian principles to modern indus-

trial and other conditions. He is re- mission colleges appears III the New sponsible for the establishment of the China Mission Year Book. Govern- "model township" near Nanking, ment university students are priwith 150,000 inhabitants, which boasts marily interested in preparing for of 334 separate schools with 20,000 governmental and political position; students, "two modern cotton mills how far this interest is determined by with 60,000 spindles, 500 looms, and patriotic motives for political reform 3,000 operatives, five modern banks, and betterment, one cannot say, but one match factory, one flour mill, one jUdging by the general spirit of unisilk filature, one iron foundry, one versity students, one would think that electric light plant, and a modern this was a dominant motive. Patricottonseed-oil mill. It would be of in- otic motives stir the interests of stuterest to learn how far these factories dents in engineering to develop the are carrying out the labor standards natural resources and to increase the adopted by the National Christian prosperity and prestige of their Conference in Shanghai a year ago. country. Specific school training for business and commerce is also a new Books for Blind in China interest of growing volume; scientific or Western medicine does not interest THE condition of the two or three government students as much as one million blind in China can be bet- would expect. Of the mission colleges ter imagined than described for they eighty-two per cent of the graduates are without interests and occupations enter teaching, business, the ministry, offered to' the blind in Christian or medicine, in that order. It is sigcountries, and without literature or nificant that so large a percentage of education to enable them to read. the graduates become teachers, and Some make a precarious living by beg- this, together with the fine Christian ging or fortune-telling. character of the majority of these graduates, helps to account for the Missionaries have opened about strong and favorable standing of mistwenty-six schools for the blind in sion colleges. which about a thousand boys and girls are under instruction. Some mission- The Modern Girl in China aries also teach adults to read and write. The Chinese Government is "E XTRAORDINARY things are beginning to understand the need of happening in China," says The more general education for the blind Missionary Herald, "in the deliverand is trying to start schools in va- ance of women from the thralldom of rious parts of the country. the immemorial past. The patriarchs of the Chinese are fairly bewildered The greatest need is for textbooks by the rapidity of the social changes, and literature, especially portions of especially the emancipation of their the Bible and primers. A committee wives and their daughters. A few formed "for the promotion of work years ago, the Chinese girl lived in for Chinese blind," and affiliated with the seclusion of her home, in bondage the National Christian Council, has to rigid etiquette. Here she received started to prepare textbooks in her scanty education. At a tender Braille. Stereotyping machines are age, she was betrothed. The choice 0:1' needed with which to emboss these her future husband was made for her books. The cost of such machines is by her parents. Now all is changed. a little over one thousand dollars gold. The girls have" almost as much free- Contributions may be sent to Rev. dom as those of Western nations. Un- George B. Fryer, chairman, 4 Edin- doubtedly grave dangers are incidenburgh Road, Shanghai. tal to the rapidity of this change. It is reported that parental authority Work of College Graduates among the Chinese is disappearing so "AN interesting study of the voca- tions of graduates of secular and

NEWS FROM MAJI.""Y LANDS

rapidly as to presage a period of, do- churches, and a temperance rally was mestic anarchy. China's danger just held," now is not so much that she will fail to make progress, as that she will Community House in China attempt to go 'full steam ahead.' None are more concerned in helping JUST outside the Shanghai College, China to make the necessary adjust- supported by the American Bapments than the missionaries engaged tists, stands a plain building with in the education of young women and white-washed mud walls and rice girls. " straw thatched roof. It is dignified with the n a m e 0 f "Community Anti-Cigarette Campaign House" and does a very important work in carrying out a "Village Im- T HE way in which a Mrs. Liu, who provement" program outlined by is called" the Frances Willard of members of the faculty and the stu- China," quoted the notorious slogan dents of the college. Here night school of the American Tobacco Company, is held for the village men; meetings "A cigarette in the mouth of every for women to teach them the new man, woman and child in China," phonetic script; a primary school for roused an American missionary in boys is conducted in a building op- Ningpo, who writes: "As one Ameri- posite. The Gate School has five regcan I made up my mind to do all in ular girl students and twenty-five my power to blot ou,t the drsgrace in boys. Other girts, some only six and our own city. We visited all the mis- seven years old, would be in the sion schools and the students rallied school but are kept at work twelve loyally around the temperance ban- hours a day in the cotton mills. ner. One of our seniors gave a very peppery speech against the cigarette The Community House has the only as an enemy of the country, and ciga- playground in any of the villages rettes were thrown away -on every around. It boasts of a slide, a swing side. This day's activities were fol- and two basket ball nets, and draws lowed by threats from one of the men and little children out of the tobacco companies if we should con- smoke-filled, unmoral atmosphere of tinue to teach the evils of cigarette the tea houses into the fresh air oI smoking. I saw our highest official, God's out-of-doors. and explained that we did not wish to fight any company, but to teach the The Village Improvement program people the harm of cigarette smoking. is backed by the foreign missionaries, He was greatly pleased and had five but most of the work is done by the hundred booklets prepared for our students of the college-a bit of labouse. Nothing could have given us ratory work to fit them for service more 'face' than the cooperation of after they lea-ve. They carry out the this official. The head of the Chamber educational and recreation programs, of Commerce gave us figures to show health campaigns, Boy Scout work, a that Ningpo last year had spent Rainbow Club for the little girls, $4,000,000 for cigarettes, The first women'8 meetings and religious servday of the campaign we had a parade ices. of 500 students. On the second day, Mrs. Liu spoke in government schools Back of the Community House is a while boys from our school spoke on small model Chinese village house street corners and placarded the town which would be practicable for the with posters as attractive' as any of poor villagers around to copy. There the cigarette posters. The girls led are mud fioors but this house has by teachers went into homes with boards in front of the beds. The tracts. On Sunday, sermons on tem- "model" house consil'lts not so much perance were given in all the in radical changes in structure as in the neatness with which the rooms are kept. This is only a beginning.

Last Report from Mr. Byers Americans, according to the informa- PECULIAR interest attaches to the tion received in Hagerstown, Md., the last report received by the 1:oard of home of Mr. Snyder. The extent of Foreign Missions of the Presbyterian their injuries was not reported.

Church from Rev. George D. Byers in Kachek, Island of Hainan, because of Missionaries for Ba.tang T his tragic death at the hands of ban- HE United Christian Missionary Society (Drsciples) has sent out a dits, referred to in the Review in both August and September. In this re- considerable party of missionaries to port Mr. Byers wrote: Batang, on the Tibetan border, the "The Gospel is spreading from the station always associated with the Miao people to the Loi people near memory of the martyred Dr. Shelton.

the Five Finger mountains. " He tells The party, which reached its destina- of the marriage of a young man there tion on May 14th, consisted of Rev.

whose grandfather, after four years J. C. Ogden, a coworker of Dr. Shel- of blindness, had his sight restored by ton's, who for the past two years has the removal of cataracts from his eyes been on the faculty of the College of at the Kachek Hospital. This old Missions at Indianapolis, Ind., Mrs.

gentleman rejoiced so to have his sight Ogden and their two children, and that he immediately acknowledged six missionaries, who are entering Jesus as his Saviour. He invited the their first term of service.

doctor and. pastor to his home one day, but when the pastor was about to Annamese Bible Conference pray the grandson became greatly ex- REV. R. A. JAFFRAY, of the cited and shouted, "No, no." Lately Christian and Missionary Allithis young man was married by a ance in Wuchow, Soqth China, re- Christian marriage service in that ports the first conference of the Annasame room where he had vigorously mese workers of the Alliance's protested against Christian prayer. Indo-China Mission, held at Tourane Christianity is slowly winning its way for two weeks, from March 16th to into this home. There have been ten 30th. "Annamese workers from the communion seasons in Kachek since northern state of Tonkin and from the last mission meeting. At these the southern state of Cochin-China, as seasons 408 applicants for baptism well as those from Annam, were preswere examined by the session and 236 ent. There were two delegates from were taken into the Church.-The Cambodia also. In all there were Continent. sixty-five delegates. A goodly num- Missionaries Wounded ber of the members of the Tourane Church also availed themselves of the REV. G. R. SNYDER and Profes- opportunity to learn more of the sor Beck, missionaries of the Re- Word of God, by daily attending the formed Church in the U. S. in Shen- meetings. In a comparatively short chow, Hunan Province, the former time since the work in French Indo- since 1919 and the latter since 1914, China commenced, over one thousand were wounded during some Chinese members have been enrolled, and fighting in August. Two opposing more than fifty Annamese workers armies, with Generals Chang and Tien and students are in preparation for in command, were exchanging shots. the ministry."

A magistrate asked the foreigners for aid to stop the shooting. The Rev. Expelled from Mongolia W Mr. Snyder and Professor Beck vol- ORD has been received, says the Chinese Recorder, that the Swedunteered. Accompanied by a police officer, they were making arrange- ish missionaries have been expelled ments to restore peace when they were from Urga. The officials now in power shot. One bullet wounded both in Urga are young Mongols said to he

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

inspired by Russian Soviet sym- months ago they organized themselves pathies and therefore anti-Christian. into a municipality and elected their About two months ago all the mis- own mayor and treasurer, but desionaries' books and correspondence cided. that they would need no policewere seized and confiscated. Among man. With some lumber donated by the books were 3,000 copies of the the Government the citizens of the gospels belonging to the British and village built forty small booths, each Foreign Bible Society. Now comes of which has since sheltered one entire the news that the six missionaries family. And it is the gratitude of themselves have been compelled to these people to the Y. M. C. A. for the leave. Missionary work among the hospitality they enjoy which induced Mongols has always been enormously them to name their village as they difficult and only in very recent years have. They recognize that they are have there been signs of response really guests of the "beautiful God." from the people to thE' Christian mes- The fame of this settlement has gone sage. It is therefore greatly regretted abroad widely in Tokyo, and it has that the work in Urga has thus been been visited by Prince and Princess interrupted. Fushimi and Prince Tokugawa, and many other government officials who JAPAN AND CHOSEN give the Y. M. C. A. unstinted praise for what it has done not only there Nation-Wide Evangelism in Japan but for many similar groups sheltered in the headquarters building of the THE Commission on Evangelism of Japanese Y. M. C. A. in Yokohama's the National Christian Council of main city building and other havens Japan recommended to the Executive of rest and centers for relief. Liof the Council at its May meeting the braries and playrooms have been following plans: opened for the children; free food is served to all who need it, dispensaries (1) A great naUonwide €'Vangelistic cam- provide necessary drugs and 2,000 paign centering around the ten largest cities babies and many sick are furnished of Japan; Japanese pastors, laymen and daily from the Y. M. C. A. milk supmissionaries of all denominations to preach ply. Religions services and Sunday and lecture. schools are held in all these little settlements, and so far 5,000 Japanese (2) Itinerating evangelistic bands com· under these influences have professed posed of two or three workers each; bands conversion. to spend about a week in each place, visiting nearly fifty places a year. If four Churches Needed in Korea bands can be provided, over 200 places will be reached in this intensive way. THE annual Bible cla:ss conducted by the M. E. Church, South, for (3) Some well-known foreign Christian men from the country churches of the leaders to assist in the work in the larger two Songdo districts brought nearly cities. ninety men together this year. Rev. L. P. Anderson writes in the Mission- (4) Preparatory conferences cooperating ary Voice: under the Natioual Christian Council along the same general lines organized in strategic Some of our new congregations, which centers. came into existence since the Centenary starte?, are yet withont suitable places of (5) Campaign to be opened in Oct., 1924, worshIp. Often the largest room available and continue for two full years. is the home of a member, not larger than 8×8 or 8×16 feet, with no room for all the "God's Beautiful Village" Christians or their non-Christian friends. Unless a suitable place is provided for Wor- THESE words are the English ship many will fall away and no advance translation of the Japanese name programs for evallgeJizing1 other villages for a refugee settlement in Tokyo, can be carried forward. "whose beauty," as The Continent says, "is not to be seen by the natural eye." Since the earthquake days, some 125 refugees have been living in the fire-gutted shell of the old Y. M. C. A. gymnasium in Tokyo. Soine

Encouragement from Pyeng Yang oppression are gone forever. We are I N evangelistic services, conducted living in a new era." Mr. Yangco by college boys in the Suh Syung told how, when he was six years old, his mother, at the command of the New Church, over 130 new believers priest had burned a Bible which had were brought into the church in two come into her hands, and he went on : weeks. A Bible woman working in "I grew up to believe that it was unthe country districts during the last safe, and my dear mother died befour months, founded a church with lieving that it was unsafe to read the over sixty new believers, who sub- Bible. I am sorry for those many scribed 137 yen toward a church years of wasted opportunity, but I am building. There were twenty men in glad that now I am not afraid to read the graduating class of the Union and study the greatest book in the Christian College this year. Hun- world." dreds of country women attended the annual spring Bible class. The Presbyterian theological seminary opened A Tribute from Papua H with an attendance of ninety-three. ON. J. H. P. MURRAY, Lieu- tenant-Governor of Papua, has Of these, thirty-one were in the enter- ing class. Money for about half of written a book, "The Population the badly needed new Science Build- Problem in Papua," in which he ing, for the Union Christian College, speaks of the influence of missions as has been subscribed. About $15,000 being" so extremely valuable as to be more is needed. Dr. Baird reports absolutely indispensable." "I am that the Bible Revision Committee has speaking, of course," he says in the finished the revision of Exodus, and Australian Missional'y Review, "as an that it will be printed soon. In the administrator and not as an adherent first agricultural institute in Korea, of any particular religion," and he fifty-three Christian farmers learned continues: "Twelve years ago I to control black rot canker, killing wrote a book on Papua, and in the apple trees everywhere. Success pre- preface, after calling attention to the vents great financial loss to Christian inevitable disappearance of old cus- constituency.-The Presbyterian. toms and beliefs, I went on to say 'un- less the missionary is there to help ISLANDS OF THE SEA him, the native. is left like a ship Bible in the Philippines without a rudder, and will run a great H ON. TEODORO R. YANGCO, a risk of being wrecked in the sea of an leading Filipino Christian, said alien civilization.' I was comparaat the World's Sunday-school Con- tively new to native administration vention in Glasgow: "Before Ameri- then, but further experience has only ca came to the Philippines, the Bible confirmed me in my views. It seems was a closed book. We had certain to me that many people, in their obforms of Christianity, but we knew jection to theological dogma, allow little of its reality as power in life. themselves to underrate the enormous Our people were under the yoke of moral and social force of Christianity, ecclesiastical bondage and tyranny. and consequently underestimate the Religious freedom was unknown. effect of Christian missions among na- Every act was carefully watched by tive races."

paid emissaries of the Roman Church. To incur the enmity or even suspicion New Zealand "Backblocks"

of the friars meant cruel persecution NE~ ZEALAND is, in parts, very and often death. But today, how dif- thmly populated. Men are still ferent! The Bible is open. Sunday- needed to burn down the bush clean schools are everywhere. Conscience out the stumps and prepare the land has been liberated. People are free for pastoral and agricultural pur- to thipk. The old days of religious poses. In the north of New Zealand

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

the once thriving industry of hauri known by standing or by lifting their handB. gum-digging has left the countryside All such are assured that they will be ~lmost like a battle-field and it is only specially mentioned in the closing prayer. m recent years that attempts have been made to farm this land. There Forty personal workers, made up generare therefore, in addition to the nu- ally o~ Christia.n Endeavorers, meet for eonmerous small settlements, a large sult~tlOn and prayer following the midweek number of more or less isolated home- serVlCe and on Sunday evenings greet those steads, often some miles from a rail- who stand or raise their hands and invite way station and deprived of many of them to meet one of the ministers. the social and public advantages en- New York's uBroadway Temple" joyed by the town dweller. Some of these places receive regular visits WIDE publicity has been given to the plans for "the Broadway from Christian ministers and may Temple," a combination of church have a service once per month or and apartment house in the Washingonce per quarter according to the dis- ton Heights section of New York City. The leader of the enterprise is Rev. tance from the nearest town. But Dr. Christian F. Reisner, pastor of some, owing to their isolation, are in the Chelsea Methodist Episcopal danger of being neglected. The chil- Church, whose resourcefulness has dren may grow up entirely ignorant stood him in good stead in earlier unof ~he Christian faith, with no knowl- dertakings. He was the moving edge of the Bible or its message. To spirit of the 68,000 Methodist Minute help these families and the smaller Men, one of the prime factors in givsettlements of New Zealand, of which ing the Centenary message to the rank there are many, the Backblocks Mis- and file of the denomination. The sion was formed. The Auckland first million dollars of the $4,000,000 Sunday-school Union has for many necessary to complete the Broadway years employed a Sunday-school mis- Temple has been pledged and the ens~o~~r whose whole time is given to terprise has the support of many busivlsltmg these sparsely populated dis- ness and professional men who have caught his vision of a church which tricts. ~hall be a Protestant landmark for all New York, a self-supporting cathe- NORTH AMERI()A dral, a b~neficent social center, a per- petual wltness to the enduring quality THE New York ()ity Evangelism and the supreme worth of Christian Marble Collegiate Church ideals of living, and who propose to (Dutch Reformed) and the Na- see this thing through to victory. tional Bible Institute of New York City, have been doing effective evan- Tithing Incrcases Funds gelistic work by outdoor summer services on its Fifth Avenue corner at S OME indication of the effect of Twenty-ninth Street. Rev. D.' A. tithing upon the financial resources Poling, one of the ministers, describes of a church is given by the reports of another line of work carried on by this church: the Seventh Day Adventists as to re- For five years it has been our custom at cent income. The home acnodmmfourneii!~!Inl missionary work of this the close of, th." B.unday evening service to is supported by gifts made in addition ex.tend the lllvltatlOn to accept Christ and with one exception there have been definite ~o the regular tithe paid by members responses varying in nnmber from three to mto the local treasuries. Statistics above thirty. Following the sermon a mem- just made public show that this ber of ~he c~oir sings a Gospel hymn and church, with 104,000 members in the the audIence IS requested to bow in jpf rtahyeerr~ United States and Canada, during the and the announcement is made that are those pr€~ent who have burdens of any first three months of this year gave a sort for wh,ch they would seek Christ's total of $1,451,750 or about $14 per strength, or sin from which they would ask member, The tithe amounted to His release, they may make themselves

$898,000, while $350,000 was given to in any previous year of its history. missions. There are now 210,319 Sev- The total was $1,360,116. The Presenth Day Adventists in all the world, byterians of the South do not make a and the denomination holds property large showing for home missions valued at more than $34,000,000.- through their denominational board- Christian Century. only $688,400. But the local congre- gations of the Church are unusually Cooperation in Publica.tion busy and liberal with mission enter- prises in needy parts of their own A NEW instance of interdenomina- communities, and for the entire de- tional cooperation is to be found nomination the total of such expendiin the publication of Sunday-school tures mounts up to a separate item of quarterlies in different languages, $1,111,281. The giving of the whole which are used by practically all of Church for all purposes fell just short the major denominations. Lessons in of $14,000,000, which figures out the the Life of Christ have been put into per capita of $36.55-divided roughly the Italian, Spanish, Polish, Magyar, in the proportion of two fifths for Czech, Bohemian and Russian, and benevolence and three fifths for conare published by various denomina- gregational running expenses. tions for the use of all. Here is an instance of the United Religious Press Cbapeb VVrecked by Tornado serving all denominations, with its headquarters in the separate publica- THE Protestant Episcopal Church tion offices Of seven denominations. reports that "never, since Bishop Hare began the work, has the South Jubilee of The Disciples Dakota Indian mission field suffered such a blow as that caused by a tor- THE Women'8 Missionary Societies nado early in June which completely of the Disciples of Christ are put- wrecked six of the ten chapels on two ting on a program to celebrate their reservations, took two others from Golden Jubilee year. The chief aim is their foundations, with corresponding the raising of $1,000,000 to construct serious wreckage, and left only two infifty buildings in America and on for- tact with min 0 r damage. The eign fields. The women have distrib- Bishop's chair in one church took uted this great aim among the states, wings, flew a mile through the air and the states have divided the responsibil- sat down in a cornfield. The actual ity among the districts, and churches loss may reach $15,000, which, of in the districts have taken their appor- course, cannot be met by the faithful tionments. The women will meet at little Indian congregations without the International Convention of the generous aid from outside. 'We are Disciples at Cleveland, Ohio, in Octo- going forward,' says the report from ber. Their motto is "Remembering South Dakota, 'facing the task with the past, we build for the future." good courage.' " This Cleveland convention will be outstanding because it is the Golden Hungarian Churches Jubilee one, and because it is the Diamond Jubilee of the founding of the T HE Board of Home Missions of American Christian Missionary So- the Reformed Church in the ciety, which is the home society of the United States reports among its vari- Disciples of Christ. ous activities that "the outstanding work among the immigrants is that Southern Presbyterian Gifts among the Hungarians. We have fifty-two Hungarian churches which THE Sou the r n Presbyterian should gradually come to take their Church, like that in ot hf egeNneorrotsh~ place in our Church life and make achieved a greater record corresponding contributions to the various agencies and activities of our ity toward foreign missions between the Assemblies of 1923 and 1924 tha.n

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

denomination. A number of these modern Jewish dialect. In addition Hungarian congregations here have to the study of Yiddish, there will be signified their willingness to become instruction in the Hebrew Bible simi- foster sisters to some of the strug- lar to that provided in theological.

gling churches in Europe." seminaries. A course in rabbinics will be included in which select por- The Teat of the Rural Church tions from the Talmud and rabbinical C LUTHER FRY in his recent commentaries will be taken up. Jew- • book, "Diagnosing the Rural ish feasts and customs and Jewish his- Church," says that the amount of tory from the time of the Maccabees time an individual devotes to his to the present day will also be prechurch is more significant of his in- sented, as well as the study of Mesterest than is the mere fact of mem- sianic prophecy.

bership. Judged by this test the rural church is not playing so large a part Negro Migration Northward D in the life of rural communities as itURING the last seven or eight years, tremendous changes have once did. While up to a certain point economic prosperity increases the per come in the relations of the white and capita giving, beyond that point in- Negro people in America, due largely creases in wealth are not reflected in to the migration of the Negroes from the giving. The rural church pro- the South to the North. The Negro gram shows. slight variation as com- population in urban cities has in- pared with variations in economic creased greatly until today forty per prosperity. Other factors which af- cent of the Negroes, or about 5,000,- fect the rural church are a resident or 000, live in towns or cities. They non-resident pastorate, the density of have largely given up the farm for population, its racial make-up, the the factory, and rural service for city growth or decline in the population, service. The Negro as a class is be- the region served, and the occupations coming more ambitious and is discov- in which the population is engaged. ering in the North that he has indus- trial and political power.

Training Jewish Missionaries If the Negro is not educated in THE Moody Bible Institute of Chi- Christian principles and habits, he cago has the distinction of being will be a menace. He is naturally the only educational institution in the emotionally religious and needs wellworld to include a Jewish course in trained pastors and leaders to make its curriculum. For years there has him practically Christian. Then he been no school where men could get . will be an asset rather than a liability actual training for Jewish missions, in any community. For this he needs and much of the work, of necessity, churches, schools, Christian communihas been carried on without adequate ty centers, good housing facilities and preparation or understanding of this fair, courteous treatment by his white peculiar field. Many unsuccessful at- neighbors.

tempts have been made to provide such a course in the European schools, Seaman's Christian Association A the failure in most instances being COMPARATIVELY little known but very useful work is being due to an erroneous theory that preparation in academic Hebrew conducted by this Association for the would meet the requirements of con- thousands of merchant seamen who versing with Jewish people. One of come to New York every month. The the fundamental features of the work is under the management of course recently inaugurated in the such well known Christian men as Moody Bible Institute, under the di- Rev. George S. Avery, George Gordon rection of Rev. Solomon Birnbau, is Battle and Orion H. Cheney. Stafford to provide instruction in Yiddish, the Wright has been superintendent for 6

over twenty-five years. Last year the preclude any truthful statement that either the doctrine or its praetice has been abantotal attendance of seamen at all their doned." meetings was 81,903 and at Gospel meetings over 6,000. Lodgings were supplied to 541 and meals to 2,070. Indians Condemn Rites The results of the work included vis- THE Department of the Interior its to ships and hospitals, employment announced late in June that sup- port of the Government's campaign to found for seamen, New Testaments end ancient rites and practices of the distributed, temperance pIe d g e s older Pueblo Indians in New Mexico Signed, thousands of letters written, has been given by the All-Pueblo Promany entertainments given and a gressive Indians. Readers of the reading and game room, etc. The REVIEW in 1923 will recall the letter total cost for the year was $45,153. addressed to the Indians of the United States by Commissioner Burke At present an effort is being made of the Indian Bureau on the evils of to build a merchant marine memorial their ceremonial dances, and also the which it is estimated will cost $600,- protest against (' governmental inter- 000 and for which $151,732 is already in hand.

ference" which it called forth from Mormons Still Polygamists certain artists and archeologists.

THE strenuous effort lately made by Friends of the Indian replied that Mormonism to create the impres- these objectors did not understand the sion that its standards and practice re- indecent character of the dances in garding marriage have been changed question, and the present action shows to conform to those of Christianity which side was in the right. The Proand civilization is commented on by gressive Pueblos charge in resolutions Rev. John D. Nutting, Secretary of adopted that the ritualistic customs the Utah Gospel Mission, who says: are cruel and unjust, resulting in tyranny, oppression and persecution, " The Bri8bane articles, stated by an and declare that some of the Pueblo editor publishing them in the Hearst issues, officials are "cruel" and try to make to have appeared in thirty-six papers, and the Chtieago Tribune item from the Smoot t, slaves" of the progressives because Press Bureau to the effect that there has of their refusal to take part in "secret been no polygamy since 1890, are iu point. and unchristian dances." ••• The year 1890 is the date of the 80- called (manifesto' of President Woodruff, himself a polygamist, which reads: (My LATIN AMERICA advioe is to refrain from eontrrroting any marriage forbidden by the law of the land. ' Haiti's Sky Pilot Plainly this is not mandatory, nor does its B ISHOP CARSON, of the Proteswording apply to the continuance of polyga- tant Episcopal C h u r c h, has mous relations already contracted. And received permission from naval auanyone who lived through that era in Utah, thorities to make use of government as we did, knows well that in neither sense aeroplanes in his visits to various was it obeyed; old eases being indulged openly, and many new ones being can· tracted. " parts of the Island of Haiti which are After giving many specific cases of otherwise almost wholly inaccessible. plural marriage among Mormon lead- This will enable him to reach great ers, Mr. Nutting concludes: numbers of Haitiens who have never been touched by any religious work. "'Of course, we do not mean to imply in There is a Romanist missionary somethe foregoing that there is as much polyga- where in the South Seas who has for my as formerly. Economic reasons as well some time used a seaplane to fly from as others would prevent that. But the facts that the old eases still continue without any one to another of his storm-bound concealment; that there have been many islands, but so far as is known, Bishop new eases, known and unknown, and that the unquestionable teaching is that polyga- Carson is the first Protestant mission- ary to take to the air. my is the ideal family state for both worlds,

1924J NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

Understanding Mexico people, the majority of these being MEXICO, "the nation which is stationed in the larger cities. physically nearest us, is psychologically one of the most remote," The Gospel in Newspapers A says the editor of The Christian Ad- BRAZILIAN daily paper was re- cently approached to see whether vocate. 'rhe two peoples and the two governments they would carry a weekly "Gospel are prone to misunderstand eaeh other. Talk" in their columns. To the sur- That condescension with which Europeans prise of the missionary, the editor formerly treated Americans too often marks wrote saying that he would carry a our attitude toward those who live below the series free for the first month, but Rio Grande. Hundreds of thousands of Mexicans have crossed the border in the that, after that, they would have to charge unless 'their circulation was past ten years in search of work or safety, increased thereby. The hargain was but not one in a thousand among them has carried out for the month, and then become an American citizen. Bitter prejudice forbids. In the Mexican quarter of some cities in the Southwest it would be an arrangement was made for the as much as a man's life was worth if he weekly articles to appear at half the should take out his first papers–and it commercial rate. would not be an American who fired the gun. Mexico and America must come to know each other better. Only SO can the Witch Doctors Kill Babies Latin and the Saxon learn to live together THAT savage customs prevail and appreciate each other's superiorities. among some of the Indian tribes in South America is shown by Rev. To this end theAdvocate calls atten- Daniel Thomas, of the Inland South tion to the May issue of the Survey American Mission, who reports that Graphic, entitled" Mexico: A Prom- among the Bororo tribe large numise," which it says will be "an im- bers of children are killed by their mense help to the American whose witch doctor, under instructions from mind is open to any other view of an evil spirit called the mbope. If Mexico than as a country of oil, ore the latter says a child is to die there and revolution." American investi- is no hope for it. Mr. Thomas, after gators, Mexican leaders, representa- speaking of an Indian couple who tives of Protestantism and Roman had told him their experiences, con- Catholicism, fill sixty pages with first- tinues: "One evening after our Bible hand material on the Mexico of today Class, when these two Bororo Indians -" a people come to life. "

Sao Paulo and the Revolution were present, one of our believers, of her own accord, began speaking about THE recent brief revolution in the.,mbope and how the children were Brazil was caused by the dissatis- killed. She spoke their own language faction of the military party with so they felt more freedom in repeat- those in power. Sao Paulo, the chief ing their story. They told us the scene of conflict, was founded in 1554, manner in which the little babies were but in 1890 it was only a city of 65,- done away with when the mbope said 000 people. Now it has 700,000, and they must die. If the child is allowed industry hums within its boundaries. to be born naturally the witch-doctor It is the center of Brazil's coffee puts the palm of his hand on the little trade, and 60.% of the world's supply mouth, and with the thumb and first of the berry comes from State of Sao finger he presses the nose until life is Paulo. Today, it is said, that half of extinct. But if he decides to do away the 4,600,000 people of the state of with the child before he is born, the Sao Paulo are of European birth. But mother will be fortunate if her life is Brazil, with all its industry, pros- spared. The witch-doctor uses all his perity and possibilities along material force until the child is born an un- lines, needs the Gospel. There is only natural birth. It was so sad to listen one Protestant miRsionary to 120,000 to the woman who has lost five of hcr

six children by the hands of the or' color. Shall East Indians who mi- witch-doctor.' , grate to South Africa be given citizen- ship ~ Shall educated leaders in In- EUROPE dia be counted the social equals or Need for the Gospel political superiors of the English in THE financial plight in which the India ~ How shall the question of Protestant churches on the Con- empire citizenship be decided Y Can tinent have found themselves since peoples of different races be harmonithe W orld War, and the efforts which ously united in a common citizenship T have been made for their relief If so, upon what terms'

through our own Federal Council of The labor and wage problem is Churches and the Bureau in Europe vitally linked to the race problem.

of which Dr. Adolf Keller is secre- Must a black man always be a menial tary, have been reported from time to when associated with whites in busi- time in the REVIEW. A statement in ness r Where shall the color line be Christian Work points out their even drawn in schools and churches T more urgent spiritual need. "In What is the standard by which to Europe there has been a revival of compare races Y Surely it must he pagan rites. In Budapest can be God's standard of morals and anility found weird fire dances and forms of to lead to high achievement.

worship designed for use in conflagra- tions, with. dances, and tortuous evo- Premier MacDonald on Missionaries lutions around flaring braziers, with the intoning of incantations to the I N support of the cause of foreign souls in purgatory. Vienna has taken missions Prime Minister MacDonup astrology and Serbia has been ald wrote a letter to the missionary visited by a succession of religious societies of Great Britain, in which he fanatics prophesying that the end of says: "Theirs is a great adventure. Their task is not an easy one, and the the world is at hand. All Transyl- results accruing from their labors vania flocks to obtain the blessing of cannot be calculated by the commera new Rasputin. The only escape cial method of profit and loss account. from the bad effects of these vagaries So long as they may cause one home is the simple teaching of the Gospel of to be brighter, one human heart to be Christ. " The prevailing irreligion unburdened, and one child to be edueven in Luther's Germany, as well as cated in a higher faith, that is a in Russia, has also been noted in the profit to the human race which cannot REVIEW. :figure in any balance sheet. Theirs is a spiritual crusade. Work for the "The plea of the work in Europe," spirit of things that are noble is more continues the editor, "is therefore not essential now than ever. The world only for money, but for men ade- requires the crusaders once again. I quately trained to shepherd these hope they will be encouraged in this multitudes of believers and train grand crusade by those at home who them in the way of Christ. The cannot, in the very nature of the case, American mission boards have become see exactly how much is being done financially responsible for several such by our missionaries.' '~Christian Cenworl}ers and are training others who tury. will later follow them."

Britain and Race Relations Waldensian Schools in Sicily 1'HE race problem vitally touches THE Waldensian Church of Italy, Great Britain, not in the home pioneer and martyr of early days, country, but in the colonies. East is doing what amounts ·to missionary Indians, Africans, Chinese, Malays work in Sicily. The schools especially and Arabs are demanding recognition are flourishing. ,,-ithout regard to differences of race

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

In five centers, beginning with the authorities thought surely too offencity of Palermo and including the sive to draw any pcople. But the villages Riesi, Vittorio, Pachino and church, with its pastor at its head, Grotte, the Waldensian missionaries went to work, took out several car- have 1,000 children in their day loads of rubbish and manure, cleaned schools. The great majority of these it, and set it in order, much to Bolcome from Roman Catholic homes and shevist dissatisfaction. Inquisitorial are sent to the Protestant schools by proceedings are the order of the their parents because it is generally day." recognized that the Waldensian schools are vastly more effective than Revival in Russian Poland the schools of the Catholic Church. The civic educational authorities, in REV. R. BOYD MORRISON refact, recognize this officially. Yet the ports that a spiritual movement Waldensian teachers do not hesitate is making rapid progress in much of to give an emphatic prominence in the territory which since the World their day-by-day program to evangeli- War has belonged to Poland, but is "Cal religious teaching, which all are still Russian in language and charobliged to attend. In fact, the day acteristics. He writes: "At Old school children know that they are ex- Cholnica a gracious work has been pected to come to Sunday-school and going on during the past three years. most of them do. Many children of News of salvation has spread, and tothe public schools attend Sunday- day, without even a proper sanctuary school also. in which to meet, there are 115 be- lievers and the Gospel is being An especially encouraging report of preached in twenty different villages this work has recently come to Fred under this one station. On both sides S. Goodman, the former Y. M. C. A. of the ancient city of Cholm, .with secretary who is now secretary of the its magnificent Russian church stand- American Waldensian Aid Society. ing on the hill remarkable revival has taken place. We visited last month Russian Christians Persecuted two of these centers. There is no difficulty in preaching to these peo- "THE hatred of Christ among the ple, for the Spirit of God is so mani- Russian revolutionaries, " says festly among them." the Sunday School Times, "is finding fresh expression in persecution of Paganism. in Russia Russian Baptists. Shiloff, former pastor of the Dom. Evangelia, 'the I N an address in Toronto, Canada, largest Baptist church in Petrograd, Rev. "Vm. Fetler, speaking of the has been exiled for two years to Tash- large proportion of university stukent. Mr. Fetler's brother-in-law, an dents who had becom.e agnostics, said electro-chemist, working in a Petro- that, though nominally Russia is grad factory, has been dismissed from Christian, paganism is really ramphis position until he shall become ant. In another sense an article 'anti-religious,' and this is becoming quoted in The Friend of Russia speaks the prevailing practice in Petrograd. of the paganism of Russia today: If any are laid .off, believers are always first to suffer. In Vladivostok The old pagan religion is a secret instithe free Socialist republic 9.rove the tution. The forests, lakes., plains, and Baptists out of the hall which they morasses are, according to the simple used for meetings, and refused per- peasants, all frequented by spirits. The mission to hire another place of meet- wrath of the water·god Vodjanka has to ing. After repeated applications the be appeased by all kinds of presents and Baptists finally were allowed, for petty sacrifices. Cocks, hens, and other fifty gold rubles a month, to rent a domestic animals are generally chosen. When dirty fire-department stable which the these do not appear to satisfy the water· god, even children have been secretly sacri· ficed. The cult of the wood-sprite obtains mostly in the forest region, which practically

embraces q.1illOSt half the entire country; largest unoccupied mission territories while the worship of water·sprites prevails still existing. In the whole Shariamong the thousands of fishernLen, rafts, Chad basin Mr. Hult states that there men, boatmen, and sailors of the mighty is not a single mission, Protestant or rivers and lakes, which are so numerOllS in Russia. The' belief in other spirits, such as Catholic. Mohammedanism is waging the Tsar of the winds, who is accredited a strong campaign here against paganwith all kinds of tricks and spiteful prac· ism, and is showing yearly advance. tices, :is also very common. In his journey Mr. Hult passed AFRICA through the territory of no less than In Moorish Tangier twenty pagan tribes and distinguished seventy vocabularies representing THE Norjh Africa Mission, an Eng- about fifty more or less distinctive lish society, is conducting various languages with about twenty more types of work in the Moorish city of important dialects.-The Christian 'rangier. Dr. James Liley writes in Century. The Life of Faith: "There are now two government hospitals in Tangier, Abyssinian Prince and the Bible but for some years the Tulloch Memorial was the only hospital in Mo- PRINCE TAFARI MAKONNEN, rocco. The number of in-patients is of Abyssinia, and his suite, on a continually increasing each year and recent visit to London, spent a mornall receive gospel teaching. As they ing in the Bibl-e House, where they come largely from mountainous dis- were shown the treasures of the litricts unreached by Europeans, there brary. The party were specially inis urgent need. A free boarding- terested in a fourth century Coptic school is carried on by Mr. Elson, an manuscript of St. John's Gospel. A independent Canadian worker, at the few days later the Prince sent to the Raymond Lull Home, where some British and Foreign Bible Society a twenty or thirty boys, mostly orphanS', check for £100 in support of its work. He also gave it a medal with an inare accommodated." scription in Ethiopic, "The Lion of Baptisms in Congo Land the tribe of Judah hath prevailed,"

REV. w. H. FORD, an English and promised on his return to send Baptist missionary in the Congo, copies of the gospels which he had after enumerating the many things had printed in his own private press.

that are required of a candidate for baptrsm, writes of a certain service: Islam and the Caliphate "In spite of this high standard, hun- SOME of the after-effects of the dreds presented themselves, some abolition of the caliphate noted by still children, some men and women, a qualified observer in Egypt are the but the large majority youths, and we following: "After the first bewilderwere happy to' find one hundred and ment resulting from the deposition of seventy-seven fit for church member- Abdul Mejid from the Caliphate, the ship. Towards the end of the journey Moslem world of the Near East gave we had arranged for a large baptismal itself over to intrigue as to the law service in which candidate'S from two of succession. King Hussein of the districts should meet. The waters of Hejaz quickly executed a coup and baptism and the communion table had himself nominated and elected were the meeting places of those who Caliph by the Moslems of Syria and were formerly divided by quarrels." Arabia. In Egypt this election was declared illegal, null and void. It Need in French Sudan was agreed that a new Caliph could ALutheran missionary, Ralph D. only be elected by a conference, ecu- Hult, after exploring for five menical in character, representing all months in the Shari-Chad country of Moslem lands, and steps have been the French Sudan, reports one of the taken to call such a conference in

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

1925. An amusing phase of the situ- stitute of Teachers College, New York ation was the concern expressed in City, said, as quoted in The Christian public print for the safety of the Century: "An intellectual upheaval sacred articles belonging to Moham- is at its height in the Near East.

med, which were in the custody of the Coming as a result of the war it has Caliph. These articles included: intellectual, political and economic (1). One tooth of the Prophet. (2). implications, and we cannot very well The pair of shoes of the Prophet. overlook it. This movement has found (3). The long coat of the Prophet. intellectual expression in a desire for (4). The carpet (prayer mat) of the education, a development of literature Prophet. (5). A stone bearing the and a dissemination of information mark of the Prophet's foot. (6). A by means of the establishment of hilt of one of the Prophet's swords. newspapers. In Turkey it aspired to (7). One of the Prophet's arrows. and accomplished a separation of (8). The Prophet's flag. In addition church and state, and the significance other sacred articles were named, as of that is comparable to and as great Noah's cooking pot, Abraham's cook- as the Protestant Reformation. It ing pot, David's sword, and Joseph's has reached down to the unit of shirt." society, the family, and there is de- veloping a complete rearrangement of NEAR EAST family life not alone in Turkey but in The Reopening of Tyre the Arab states as well."

MEMBERS of the British Syrian In a Persian Orphanage Mission are rejoicing over the resumption of their work in Tyre. Miss MRS. H. P. PACKARD writes of Sophie Paludan writes of the educa- what large portions of the Bible tional work: "The school has been the orphan children in Kermanshah growing gradually and now numbers have committed to memory, and she fifty-four. We are glad not only that the number of the children has in- continues: "They conduct a Junior creased, but that many Moslem and Christian Endeavor society with some Metwali children have come. These help and oversight from Miss Benz, are, as a whole, very sweet and attrac- and each child in turn takes charge tive children, and clever too; we can- of evening prayers. The girls, taking not appreciate enough that we have weekly turns, do the bread-baking and them here under Christian influence cooking, besides other housework and every day." The people of Tyre have sewing. Each little girl has a 'big sis- received the missionaries with much ter' among the older ones, who looks friendliness. The nurse who at pres- after her, bathes her and makes and ent has charge of the medical work, mends her clothes. The girls do the writes of the class which the Syrian boys' mending besides, and of course Bible woman holds for the women who make their own clothes. The boys come to the clinic, and continues: work in the garden, orchard and vine- "Sitt Latifi has a wonderful oppor- yard, carry water, etc. Every day tunity. While she gives her address when it is warm enough they all have I start with the school children who a swim, the boys in the morning,. the want my help, some with bad eyes, girls in the afternoon, and they play ears and other things, and when Latifi on the swings, seesaws, slide and par- has finished her class, I help the allel bars that Miss Benz has had made women." for the playground. Some of the or- phanage boys go with me to the hos- Upheaval in Moslem World pital Sunday afternoons carrying the RETURNING from a five-months' baby organ from room to room; they visit to the Near East, Prof. Paul sing Persian hymns and read from Monroe, head of the International In- the Scripture and lead in prayer."

INDIA accomplished now in the last five. What may not happen in the next Gandhi and the Governm.ent five years 1 There are now Christian congregations in 238 hamlets that THE main points of Gandhi's pro- were entirely heathen half a decade gram were given in the July RE- ago, and the number of these village VIEW. Of his present position the congregations, which five years ago Dnyanodaya says: "That it should was 626, is now 864. Village schools not be impossible for Mr. Gandhi and have increased during the same period the British Goverment to settle their from 386 to 699. The number of baplong quarrel becomes very apparent tisms is rapidly increasing, the.figures when we put side by side the former's for the last five years being 2,820, self-dedication to the cause of sixty 3,000, 4,370, 6,400, and 6,000; while million untouchables and the latter's the number of those under instruction solemn and worthy resolve never to for baptism has increased from 8,574 hand over those sixty millions to the to 23,504. power of the Brahmans … .As we view his present position he has concluded Changes in Ha.idarabad he may achieve more by means of a greatly reduced 'Gideon's band' than REV. F. COLYER SACKETT by means of multitudes who while writes, after about twenty years acclaiming him are not able to assimi- of service in India under the Weslate his high teaching. That many of lyan Methodist Missionary Society: his present-day utterance~ are mak- "When I went to India there were ing him exceedingly unpopular in sixty·five evangelists at work in many quarters, both political and re- Haidarabad, and most of them were ligious, is on this view all in accord borrowed from other districts. Towith his reckonings, for as we read day there are 421, and 400 of them his attitude he has counted the cost are home·grown. We have watched and is determined to stick to his guns. them grow, and we are proud of every H therefore he will stick to his one of them. They are not learned or untouchability campaign, however In- clever; they are winning their way dia's Brahmans may snort and bel- because of their devotion and charlow, there is surely no sufficient rea- acter. They stand for Jesus Christ, son why Government and Mr. Gandhi and the villagers know it. We are may not yet unite in the task of help- proud to call them colleagues. Toing India's millions of outcastes. A day their work is better than it has hearty acceptance, by Government, of ever been.. Behind th~ evangelists the Christian point of view on two of are over 200 young men in the Train- India's curses, the drink trade and ing Institution; and behind these the opium drug traffic, would do a again there are 9,000 boys and girls great deal towards ensuring the co- in the schools. Behind these is a great operation )Yith Government of Mr. company of 50,000 village Christians, Gandhi and his followers." and every man a potential warrior for Jesus Christ. When I went out the Progress Am.ong the Telugus total number of our Christian com- munity was 7,000. At my first fur- THE Christian population of the lough there were 12,000. Last time I Telugu Mission of the Church Mis- came home there were 25,000. Tosionary Society in South India has day there are over 50,000. .And not doubled in the last five years, the ad- an unwieldy mass, but a well-organherents having increased from 34,000 ized army. Christ Himself has to 68,000. The growing rate of prog- touched these 'untouchables' into ress is remarkable when it is remembered .that what previously took life. " seventy-eight years to reap has been

MISSIONARY' ][JBRAro

THIRTY-FIVE BOOKS ON CHINA and religious developments as well as By PROF. KENNETH SCOTT LATOURETTE, political history.

Ph.D., NEW HAVEN, CONN. DESCRIPTION.

D. Willis James, Professor 01 Missions in 6. China in the Family of Nations. Yale University H. T. Hodgkin. George Allen and Unwin, London, 1923. GENERAL. An extremely fair summary of the 1. China, an Interpretation. J. W. recent international relations of China Bashford. The Abingdon Press. and of the new economic and intel- lectual movements in the country. . New York, 1916. This is the result of extensive read- 7. The Changing Chinese. E. A. ing, observation, and reflection by the Ross. New' York, 1911. great Methodist bishop. Parts of it are now a little out of date. This gives an account of China as it was fifteen years ago, but still makes 2. Encyclopaedia Sinica. S. Couling. fascinating and informing reading. Oxford University Press. 1917. 8. Intimate Chin,a. Mrs. A. Little. The standard reference book on London, 1899. things Chinese. It is devoted to facts rather than intcrpretations. UNITED STA'rES AND CHINA.

3. China Yesterday and Today. E. 9. Americans in Eastern Asia. Tyler T. Williams. T. Y. Crowell. Dennett. Macmillan, New York, New York, 1923. 1922.

This is by a man who has spent 'rhe standard book on American many years'in China as a miissionary diplomatic rrlations with China, Jaand diplomat and is of value partic- pan and Korea. It carries the narraularly for the illustrations drawn tive through 1901. from the author's own observations.

It is not well-rounded and has some SOCIAL LIFE. serious mistakes. 10. Peking, A Social Survey. S. D. 4. The Middle Kingdom. S. Wells Gamble. Doran, New York, Williams. 2 vols. Scribners, 1921. New York, 1899. (The last re- vision was in 1882.) An interesting description of the social conditions in the capital of This was for many years the stand- China. ard general book in English on China. It is now somewhat out of date but 11. Village Life in China. A.. H. no other single book has done as well Smith. Revell, 1894. for thc present generation what was done by this fifty years ago. A rather pessimistic but standard description of life in North China. HISTORY. AGRICULTURE. 5. The Development of China. K. S. IJatourette.. T h i r dedition. 12. F(J;};mers of Forty Centuries. F. H. Houghton Mifflin, Boston, 1924. King. Madison, 1911.

A brief summary for those who wish Observations by an agricultural expert. a general introdu~tion to the subject. POLITICAL AND ECONOMIC.

It brings the story down to date and ]3. The Trade and Administration of includes social, economic, intellectual the Chinese Empire. H. B.

849

Morse. Hevised edition. Long- 22. C}iina Mission }'ellr Book.

mans Green & Co., London, This is puhIished annually in 1913. Shanghai and is invaluable as a year- This is standard in its field. ly summary of event's and tendencies LANGUAGE, Ll'l'ERATURE AND ART. in Protestant work.

]4. Chinese Art. S. W. Bushell. 2 23. Christian Education in China.

vols. London, 1910. Shanghai and New York, 1922.

A little old, but still the best sum- This is the report of the China Edu- mary of the subject. . cational Commission of 1921-1922 and 15. The Chinese Clnssics. James is an enlightening summary and dis- cussion. Legge. 1861-1872.

This is still the standard transla- 24. The Jubilee Story of the China tion into English. Inland _Mission. Mar s hall PHILOSOPHY AND RELIGION. BroomhaZl. Morgan and Scott, London, 1915. 16. A Br1:ef History of Early Chinese Philosophy. T. J. Suzuki. An inspiring narrative of the his- Probsthain and Co., London, tory of the Society which has more 1914. missionaries in China than has any other. A semi-popular account of the sub- ject. 25. Forty-Five Years in China. Tim- 17. Chn Hsi and His Masters. J. P. othy Richard. Stokes, New Bnlce. London, 1923. York, 1916.

This is a scholarly account of the An autobiography of one of the Chinese philosophers who more than greatest missionaries of the past gen- any others of the past millennium in- eration.

fluenced the thought of their coun- MORE POPULAR BOOKS ON MISSIONS IN trymen. CHINA A.c",<D FORMOSA. 18. The Religion of the Chinese. J. J. M. de Groot. Macmillan, New 26. The Saints of Formosa. Campbell York, 1910. N. Moody. Life and Worship in a Chinese Church. Anderson This is a good short account em" and Ferrier, Edinburgh and phasizing the place of animism in the London, 1912. religious life of the' country. A well-written and graphic account 19. The Three Religions of China. of Some first generation Christians. W. E. Soothill. Hodder and Stoughton, London, 1913. 27. Notable Women of Modern China. Margaret Burton. Revell, New An eX<1eIlent hrief summary empha- York, 1912. sizing the more formal cults~Confu­ cianism, Buddhism, and Taoism. Accounts of certain outstanding CHINA THROUGH CHINESE EYES. women who are largely the fruits of missions. 20. China Awakened. M. C. T. Z.

Tyau. Macmillan, New York, 28. Foreign Magic. Jean Carter Co?hran. :ra~es of Every-Day 1912.

A rather too favorable and opti- Chma. MISSIOnary Education mistic picture, but interesting and .Movement, New York, 1919.

informing. InCIdents drawn chiefly from an in- CHRISTIAN MISSIONS. land mission station.

21. The Christian Occupation of 29. Pasto.r Hsi. Mrs. Howard Taylor.

China. Milton T. Stauffer, (Ed- Chma Inland Mission. Phil- itor). Shanghai, 1922. adelphia, 1903.

This mammoth volume is a mine of A remarkably fascinating account information on recent conditions. It of the work of a man who was once a slave of opium. is out of print and hard to get. 30. In (Juest of God. Marshall Broom- China," his" Conversions by the Mil- hall. The Life Story of Pastors lion," and in many articles and Chang and Chii, Buddhist smaller volumes, Professor SoothiII, Priest and Chinese Scholar. who knew him thirty years in the China Inland Mission, Phil- field, has rendered a great service by adelphia. assembling the varied material relat- ing to Dr. Richard's career. Akin to 31. In China Now. ,J .C. Keyte. Unit- the premier Catholic missionary of ed Council of'Missionary Edu- China, Matthew Ricci, Dr. Richard cation, London, 1923. doubtless ranks as the most original, versatile, and widely known of the A vivid description of the China of thousands of Protestant workers in last year. that important field. Prof. Soothill has given the great epochs of his life 32. BrlJaking Daum Chinese Walls. and his outstanding characteristics in E. 1. Osgood. From a Doctor's a four-page chronological synopsis Point of View. Revell, New and in the introductory chapter-the York, 1908. best summary of his major activities and .the truest characterization of the Incidents drawn from the experi- man which the reviewer has seen. ence of one medical missionary. The author tells the fascinating and 33. Answered P ray e r in China. inspiring story, beginning with the Charkes E. Scott. Some Prayer Welsh background and the training Experiences of Present-Day of the future missionary; proceeding Chinese Christians. Sunday with him to China, where he was the School Times Co., Philadelphia, virtual founder of the English Baptist 1923. Mission in Shantung; chronicling his early missionary experiments and the Striking pictures of work in Shan- progress of his spiritual acclimatizatung. tion in the atmosphere of the Three Re- ligions, whose official representatives 34. Dr. Arthur Jackson of Manchuria. he made his friends; touring with him in Shantung and Manchuria, Alfred J. Costain. Hodder and while he was carrying on his early Stoughton, London and New work in Chefoo; detailing his York, 1911. methods in starting the interior sta- The biography of the young doctor tion of Ch 'ing-chou-fu; walking with who gave his 'life during the plague him through the valley of the shadow epidemic of 1911. of death as he ministered to thousands of famine sufferers in Shantung and 35. Shelton of 'Pibet. Mrs. Flora Beal Shansi; following him from one high Shelton. Doran. New York, official to another, as he tries to im- 1923. press upon them fundamental princi- ples of bodily and economic salvation; The biography of a picturesque developing on furlough his scheme of and courageous missionary physician education for China; entering fully on the borders of Tibet. upon his literary labors in Tientsin and Peking, to be so wonderfully de- NOTE.-Additional books on China are veloped in later years when he was mentioned in the "Home and 1<'oreign Mi s- secrretary of the Society for the Difsions Bulletin" this month and in our ad- fusion of Christian and General vertising section. Missionary Literatnre js Knowledge and its successor, the so rieh in this subject that it is difflCult to Christian Literature Society; conselect the best and most interesting books. sorting with and deeply influencing China's two greatest leaders, the Timothy Richard of China: Seer, States· man, Missionary and the Most Disinte.r- ested Adviser China Ever Had. By WIl- liam E. Soothill, Professor of Chinese in the University of Oxford. nlus., 330 pp. 12s, 6d. Seeley, Service and Company. London. 1924.

Though one finds in this biography very little not previously printed in Dr. Richard's "Forty-Five Years in

Vi('eroys Li Hung-chang and Chang criminative. He sets out to construe Chih-tung; getting into vital touch the spiritual content of the English with the Reformers of 1898 and with poetry of the last hundred years, and the advisers of the young Emperor he accomplishes his purpose in an un- who had planned to have Richard pedantic and pleasing manner. Those consult with him in the palace-pre- of us who put the eternal facts and vented by the Empress-Dowager's relations before the temporal facts coup d'etat-; passing through the and relations of life sometimes grow holocaust of martyrdom in 1900, at over-anxious as we scrutinize thc the conclusion of which, he and verse output of yesterday and today.

Bishop Favier of the Roman Church There is so much of pseuc1o-poetry- were the two Christian mediators in slipshod, surface-pretty, magnilo- the Indemnity orgy; Richard's own quently empty, blasphemously famil- magnanimous scheme for the province iar, dexterous stuff of words. It does of Shansi, where a great Christian us good to remember that there are University for the benefit of China English singers who have sung and was his method of heaping coals of are singing, clearly and beautifully, fire upon the heads of those who of the holy and indestructible things butchered scores of missionary men, of God and man. From his :first sug- women and their children before the gestive chapter, Creative Forces, Governor '8 ofifuial office; leading the through the sympathetic studies of van of those who helped to make of Wordsworth, Tennyson, Browning that catastrophe the stepping-stone to and Matthew Arnold to the Poets of a new era of knowledge and reform; Doubt and Denial, the Dawn and the mingling with awakened officials who New Day to the Poet and the clamored at his gates for sage advice; Preacher there is a sincere wortli- forming with others the China Emer- whileness in thig volume. "We need gency Committee; attending the Ecu- the poets that we may not lose faith menical Conference in New York and in man or in our message. " R. M. L.

counseling with missionary leaders in Jane in the Orient. Lois H. Swinehart. Britain; visiting Java and Japan for 12mo. 153 pp. $1.25. l!'leming H.

counsel and observation; returning to Revell Co. New York. 1924.

England and his beloved Wales, to In the form of letters and the diary receive scholastic honors for the last of an American girl who visited time; and then the coronation hour Japan and Korea, we have here the of death-of an endless life; these love story of a sprightly young lady are outstanding facts which hint at who was converted to Christ and to the greatness of the man. Nothing foreign missions while in the Orient. has been said in detail about his attitude toward native religions, espe- Mrs. Swinehart has had thirteen cially Buddhism, upon which he wrote years' experience in Korea and un- derstands the country, the people, at great length and which he over- and the work, as well as womankind.

glorified. He was so catholic-minded The story will interest young people and was so ready to see God in every- of the 'teen age. body and in other faitns, that he was criticized. But he was undoubtedly a National Health Series. Twenty volume", faithful servant of Christ in China. written by the country'8 leading authori· ties, describing in easily understood, uon- H. P. B. technical language, the nature, treatment, and prevention of various diseases. The The Spiritual Message in Modern English appearance of these volllmes mal·1rs all Poetry. By Arthur S. Hoyt. 12mo. 29(1 epoch in the great work of prolonging life pp. $2.00. The Macmillan Co. New and promoting health in the individual York. 1924. and in communities in this country. Aver· Professor Hoyt's last book-message age number of pages 70. 18mo. Bound is characteristic of his life and pen- in Flexible Fabrikoid. Price only 30 "''nts per volume, net. Complete set of 20 keenly appreciative and finely dis- (Concluded on page 854) _CHINA as PORTRAYED by Veteran Pioneers Ideal Supplemental Books for the Mission Study Class ANSWERED PRAYER IN CHINA Charles Ernest Scott Some prayer experiences of present-day Chinese Christians. A vivid narrative by an outstanding missionary of "what God hath wrought" in a hard field. A challenge and an encouragement to all Christians.

$1.50 .

WITH P'U AND HIS BRIGANDS Mrs. F. Howard Taylor A thrilling picture of bandit life in China. The marvelous story of God's dealings in the capture and recent release-without ransorn–of Dr. and Mrs. F. Howard Taylor of the China Inland Mission, from a band of murderous brigands. With maps. 75 cents.

HOW I KNOW GOD ANSWERS PRAYER Rosalind Goforth The wonderful story of God's clear leading in matters great and small in the life of one of His servants. A positive answer to the question, "Does God Really Answer Prayer?" by one who has proved it. $1.25.

DRAGON'S END Josephine Hope Westervelt An intensely interesting story for young people, depicting stirring times in pioneer mission work in one of the bandit-ridden sections of China, and giving the call to missions. $1.25.

PEARL'S SECRET Mrs. F. Howard Taylor The true story of a very real and lovable little girl in far-away China, whom our little girls ought to know. They will be interested in the strange places and customs that Pearl knew in her Chinese home, and they will enjoy her games and her happy ways. They will see, too, that even a very short life may be a great blessing to others. And what Pearl's secret was they can learn when they read the little book about her. Illustrated, 75 cents.

The Sunday School Times Company 1031 Walnut Street Philadelphia, Pa.

Please mention THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD in writing to advertisers. BOOK REVIEWS (Concluded from page 852) Safety Bonds volumes, $6.00, net. Funk & Wagnalls WHERE are your funds invested ? Company Publishers, New York. 1924. WHAT interest are they now These little volumes are especially bringing to you? valuable to missionaries in isolated places. They will help them to care WHEN you are through what will for their own health, for that of their become of your funds? children and of the commnnity. For SAFETY and a SURE LIFE The National Health Council has INCOME write for Booklet No.7, published this series of twenty book.~ eVen if not interested at the present time. on all phases of human health, written by the leading authorities in the We hope that now you can send a donation United States. They include: to belp give the Bible in 66 languages to the immigrllnts, the sailors, the sick in hospitals, "Man and the Microbe, " How the prisoners, and in raised type to the blind. Communicable Diseases are Con- New YOT.: Bible House: the cenlre 0/ a great lOOT.: trolled, by C. E. A. Winslow; "Th~ Baby's Health," by Richard A. Bolt, 0/ FREE Bible distribution. M.D. ; "Personal Hygiene," The Rules for Right Living, by Allan J. New York Bible Society McLaughlin, M.D.; "Community Health," How to Obtain and Preserve 5 East 48th Street, New York It, by D. B. Armstrong, 11.D.; "Cancer," Nature, Diagnosis, and Cure, by -The Old",1 Bih I. Society in Francis Carter Wood, l'II.D.; "The Ne'" Yo,"" Human Machine," How the Body Functions, by W. H. Howell, Ph.D., MissionaryWorkers Praise M.D.; "The Young Child's Health," Chinese Jasmine Tea by Henry L. K. Shaw, M.D.; "The Child in School," Care of Its Health, "Tea arri,.ed Saturday-all gone by Thomas D. Wood, M.D.; "Tuber- by Tue~d(jy noon." <miosis," Nature, Treatment, and Prevention, by Linsly R. Williams, "Evpr) bodywp sold to was delighted M.D. ; "The Quest for Health," with the tea." Where It Is and Who Can Help Secure It, by James A. Tobey, lLS.; "Aftpr usin1{ Jasmine Tea no one "Love and Marriage," Normal Sex could .want to go buck to any Relations, by T. W. Galloway, Ph.D.; other." "Food for Health's Sake," Vhat to Eat, by Lucy II. Gillett, M.A.; These and scores of otl'er llood things have "Health of the Worker," How to been said of CHINESE JASMINE TEA. Safeguard It, by Lee K. Frankel, You can sell it in ~ift packages for your so- Ph.D.; "Exercises for Health," by ciety at a profit of 40 per cent.

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Director of Miasionary Course, The Moody Bible Institute Introduction by DELAVAN L. PIERSON. Editor of the Missionary Review of tbe World An accurate, up·to-date, exhaustive history of Christian Missions. The one complete and authoritative reference and textbook for schools, colleges and popular study gronps.

With maps.. Bet, $2.50 MISSION WORK IN CHIN A The Subject for Mi8sionary Study, 1924-25 CHINA TODAY THROUGH CHINESE EYES ROBERT -MORRISON A Maoter Builder.

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An authoritative study of China's international The intimate recital of a missionary's contacts Net~ ,2.00 in China. Net, $1.50 situation.

IN CHINA NOW . CMna'. Need and the Chris- JACKSON OF MOUKDEN titln Contribution. J. C. Keyte, M.A. Mrs. Dugald Chri.tie A concise and up·to-date textbook. Maps and Vol. V of The :dast€'r Missionary Series. A thrilling rec~rd of supreme sacrifice. illustrations. Net. ,1.50 Illustrated. Net, $1.36 CHINA AND HER PEOPLES THE GIRL WHO FELL THROUGH THE Lena E. John.on. EARTH A Chinese Play. Marllaret T. App/egaTt h A fascinating story of China for children. Maps An impressive misslonary drama for children. Paper. Net, 16 cents and illustrations. Net, :'1.50 OTHER NOTABLE MISSIONARY BOOKS MASTER MISSIONARY SERIES THE LIFE OF WILLIAM CAREY Vol. I. DAVID LIVINGSTONE Herbert F. S. Pearce Carey. M.A. The m~st exhaustive and satisfactory life of Carey. Lioing.tone Wi/aon. M.e•• M.B., Ch.S., D. T.M. written from new material by his great grandson, The ever-fascinating story of Livingstone told in new and attractive form. Illustrated. Net, $3,50 Vol. II. MACKAY OF UGANDA Mary Yule. WILFRED GRENFELL TheMasterMar- An entirely new life of the great engineer mis- iner. Ba.il Mathew., M.A., authoro/·~TheBooko£ sionary. Musionary Heroe••• J etc. A stirrIng record of the adventurous life of the Vol. III. CHALMERS OF NEW GUINEA famous doctor missionary to Labrador. Ideal for YOung people's mlssion study groups. Al(!:rander Small. B.D~ A vivid account of a great missionary's work and Illustrated. Net, $1,60 martyr>s death. MY CHILDREN OF THE FOREST Vol. IV. ALEXANDER DUFF OF INDIA Andre", F. Herasey. Mi••ionaTJI of the Unite.d Chri… Alexander DufF Wat.on. B.D. tian Mi.sionary Society A graphic. human interest story of Duff's brilliant An intimate and revealing account of the people career. (To be published later.) of the great forest of Central Africa.

Vol. V. JACKSON OF MOUKDEN Illustrated. Net, $2,00 Mr•• Dugald C. Chri.tie SOME BOYS AND GIRLS IN The impressive story of Jackson's sacrUlce .of his life for China. AMERICA Margare' T. Applegarth, authoTof Vol. VI. ION KEITH.FALCONER ~·Short Mi••iona7Y Play•• JJ u/ndia Inklin.s." etc. Delightful tales of children from other lands who Rev. James Robson, M.A. have made their home in America. The life story of a man who gave up rank and wealth and life to saVe Arabia. Illustrated. Net, $1.50 Illustrated. Each Net, $1.35 Send for free list of all our Missionary Books A T YOUR RELIGIOUS BOOKSTORE -==~=t~:'J)~=~I~;'=~1'i,1I George H. Doran Company 244 MADISON AVENUE NEW YORK Please mention THE MISS10NARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD in writing to advertisers, NEW BOOKS PERSONALS Torchbearers in Chin,a. Basil Mathews and DR. JUSTIN E. ABBOT'D, of the American Arthur E. Southon. 186 pp. Fifty cents, Mission to Lepers, Inc., New York, is visiting paper; seventy.five cents, cloth. Mis· Sonth America for the purpose of enlisting sionary Education Movement. New York. the governments of Brazil and other coun- 1924. tries in more adequate care for the lepers in their midst. He has everywhere been Buddhism and Christianity: a Contrast and a Parallel. J. Estlin Carpenter. . cordially received. 319 pp. 3s, 6d. Hodder & Stoughton. London. REV. WILLIAM C. POOLE, newly elected President of the World's Snnday School Fifty Years in Madagascar. James Sibree. Association, was born in Australia forty. 353 pp. $4.00. Houghton, Mifflin Co. four years ago, came to California in 1904, Boston. 1924. was naturalized as an American citizen, graduated from Boston University, and be- Hannington of Africa. Nigel Grahame. Is. came a Methodist preacher. Seeley, Service & Co. I,OIldon. .. * • Judson of Burma. Nigel Grahame. Is. Seeley, Service & Co. London. DR. WILF'RED GRENFELL, of the Labrador, is to take a year of rest and travel after Pennell of the Indi'an Frontier. Norman thirty years of missionary service in his Davidson. Is. Seeley, Service & Co. hard field. He plans to make a tonr of the London. 1924. world.

Christian Forces in Bengal. Rev. W. Carey. * 28 pp. 4 annas. Christian Conncil of Bengal and Assam. Calcutta. 1924. REV. ALBERTUS PIETERS, missionary to Japan of the Reformed Church in America, Girls of India. Mary H. Debenham. 64 pp. is now Bible Instructor at Hope College, Is. Society for the Propagation of the Gospel. London. . Holland, Mich. ** Persian Women and Their Ways. C. C. ERIC H. LIDDELL, winner of the 1DO-meters Rice. 312 pp. 218. Seeley, Service & Co. London. 1924. race in the Olympics, establishing a new world record, is an Edinburgh theological Conference of Christian Workers Among student and the son of an L. M. S. mission· Moslems, 1924. A brief acconnt of the ary in Tientsin, China_ His refusal to run conferences with findings and lists of in the preliminary heats of the race on members. International Missionary Coun- Sunday was quoted all over the world. He eil. New York. 1924. expects to go to China neXt year as a mis- sionary under the London Society. Methodism's New Frontier (Epworth League Home Mission f::ltudy Book). Jay * S. Stowell. 222 pp. Fifty cents, paper; seventy-five cents, cloth. Methodist Book OBITUARY Concern. New York. 1924. MRS. JULIA M. TURNER, a well-known and The Amateur Poster Maker. Jeanette E. greatly beloved Christian philanthropist of Perkins. 63 pp. $1.00. Pilgrim Press. Philadelphia, passed to her reward On July Boston and Chicago. 1924. 20th. She wu,s a generous and conscientious supporter of many branches of Christian How to Produce "Tides of India." Helen work at home and abroad and was a memo L. Willcox. 36 pp. 25 cents. Abingdon ber of the Presbyterian Church. Press. New York. 1924. **• Select Missionary Reading for All Ages. Edward D. Grant. Educational Depart- MAJOR-GENERAL SIB. G. K. SCOTT- ment, Executive Committee of Foreign MONORIEFN, K.C.B., K.C.M.G., C.I.E., vice- Missions, Presbyterian Church in U. S. chairman of the British and Foreign Bible Nashville, Tenn. 1924. Society diad suddenly in June.

Mental Discipline Through Prayer. Nor- .. * * man E. Richardson. 34 pp. Ten cents. Bethany Girls. Chicago. 1924. A. W. W AGNALLS, President of Funk and Wagnalls Co., of New York, died at North- Alien Rome. Bertrand M. 'l'ipple. 226 pp. port, Long Island, on Wednesday, Septem- $2.00. Protestant Guards. Woodward ber 3d, in his eighty-first year. He was Building, Washington, D. C. 1924. educated as a Lutheran minister but for nearly fifty years was a member of the Tarbell's Teachers' Guide to the Interna- firm that for twenty years published the tional Sunday School Lessons for 1925. MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD. Martha Tarbell. 416 PI'. :E'leming H. Revell. New York. 1924. DR. SILAS McBEE, for eighteen' years edi- tor of The Ch'lJll"chman, and later founder and editor of The Constructive Quarterly, died in Charleston, S(mth Carolina, on Wednesday, September 3d. He was born in Lincolnton, North Carolina, November 11, 1853; was a member of the Protestant Episcopal Church and was a very earnest rrdvocate of Church nnity.

About Many

For Adults For Children THE ARAB AT HOME A BOY IN SERBIA By PAUL W. HARRISON By E. C. DAVIES A fascinating description of Arabia "Charmingly simple, dignified and and its peoples by a famous medical instructive and filled with a joyous apmissionary. preciation of home and country."- A. L. A. Book/ist. Illustrations and Map, $3.50 Illustrated from Photographs, $1.35 CHINA BOYS AND GIRLS OF MANY LANDS Yesterday and Today By INEZ N. McFEE By E. T. WILLIAMS "It is the author's purpose to tell for "A very complete history of ancient American children something of the and modern China. Indispensable in everyday lives of boys and girls of courses on the Far East."-c. E.iVlar- other countries."-Book Review Ditill, Un·iv. of SOl!. Califomia. gest.

31 Illustrations and Map, $4.00 Illustrated, $1.75 HAWAII JAPANESE FAIRY TALES By KATHERINE POPE By WILLIAM E. GRIFFIS The author lived and taught in Hawaii for ten years, and had unusual "This delightful book.' Whimsical, opportunities to gather legends and fantastic, humorous, they give vivid facts. pictures of life and customs in that wonderful little kingdom.":—- Living Illustrations and Map, $3.00 Church. With 8 Colored Illustrations, $r.60 THE NEW LATIN AMERICA CHINESE FAIRY TALES By J. WARSHAW By NORMAN H. PITMAN "One of the most readable as well The stories, quaint and fascinating, as informative volumes that has been have been gathered direct by the auwritten about Latin America."-Ad- thor, who has resided many years in ministration. China. With Illustrations and Maps, $3.00 With 8 Illustrations in Color, $1.60 Thomas Y. Crowell Co., NEW YORK Please mention THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD in writing to adlertisers.

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ROBERT E. SPEER'S NEW BOOK Race and Race Relationships A Christian View of Human Contacts. The Basis of the 11issionary Education Movement's Studyhook "Of One Blood."

Dr. Speer's new book sets forth the Christian's solution of the problem of race re- lations. A source book of material on the race question as well as a constructive statemen~ of the Christian view. $3.50 Roman Catholicism I•n Latin America By Webster E. Browning, Ph.D., Litt.D.

"The Vorld's Living Religions" series, Edited by Frank Knight Sanders and Harlan Page Beach.

Dr. Browning. Educational Secretary of the Committee 011 Cooperation in Latin America, has spent twenty-seven years as a missionary in South America. and he has seen Roman Catholicism in operation at close quarters. $1.00 Jane in the Orient BOOKS OF PERMANENT INTEREST BY' Lois Hawks Swinehart ON CHINESE LIFE Introduction hy Egbert W. Smith, D.D. The Gateway to China "Entertainingly written. It gives glimpses By Kary ~inde Gamewell of picturesque lands and peoples which have Pictures of Shanghai Yesterday and To-day. A ffeu', revised edition. l-frs. Gamewell has conan inherent appeal. Everything in Japan and trived to catch and hold China's colorful pano- Korea intrigues Jane, vividly temperamental rama, and furnish a diverting and informative -save missionary work. But of cou~,;e description of its origin, manners, customs, people, (else why the story) that does in the end." politics and enterprises. Illustrated, $2.00.

-Boston Transcript. $1.25 New Lanterns in Old China The Two of Us in Africa By Theodora l[arBhall Inrl1B By Dicie M. Rittenhouse Stories of Chinese life by the wife of Dr. John Inglis, who was for some years in charge of the Adventures in Africa of Two Little Girls of Different Colors. Au Ting Hospital, China. Based on personal ex- Crowded with incident depicting life on periences they visualize with fare fidelity the sights the Dark Continent, malmers, customs, superstitions, and missionary activities are graph- and scenes of cyeryr!ar 1ife in the Orient. ically described in a way which renders the • Illustrated. $1:.25. narrative unusually fascinating to the young. The Chinese Boy and Girl Illustrated, $1.50 By Isaac Taylor Headland Illustrated, ,1.75.

C~inese Mother Goose Rhymes By Isaac :raylor Headland The Quest of the Hidden "Since Dr. Arthur H. Smith's popular books on Ivory the Chinese people, nothing of greater interest on Cnina has been written than Prof. Headland's." By Josephine Hope Westervelt -The Congregationalist. A Story of Adventure in Tropical Illustrated by the author. U.n. Africa. China the Mysterious and Driving their Ford car into regions hither- Marvelous By Victor Xurdock to unreached by an automobile, the lads encounter lions, hyenas, elephants and other "All the more instructive for being &0 astonishdenizens of the African jungle. ingly elltertainill~.'·-Re'r'ie,t' of Reviews.

Illustrated. $1.75 Illustrated. $2.50.

China from Within By Charles Ernest Scott. M. A.

Introduction by J. Ross Stevenson, D.D. ':A Rtt'iking and engrossing account of the inner lIfe of China."-MissioHaT:}' Re'r'ie'w of the World.

Illustrated. $2.00.

ASK YOUR BOOKSELLER FLEMING H. REVELL COMPANY 158 Fifth Ave•• New York 17 N. Wabash Avenue.

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The Missionary Review of the World — September 1922

the Missionary Herald. A MODERN STUDENT DEMONSTRATION IN ~'AVOR OF INDEPENDENCE. SEOUL

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Please mention THJ: MISSIONARY Rl1:VlP:W OF 'tHt WO&LD in writing to advertisers. THE MISSIONARY Review of the World DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Etliur CONTENTS FOR SEPTEMBER, 1922 FRONTISPIECE ………………….. A STUDENT DEMONSTRA'l'ION IN KOREA Page 677 EDITORIALS ……………………………………………………. . 689 THE MAN FROM MESOPOTAMIA PAPAL AND PROTESTANT ACTIVITY 694 MISSION5 AND SOCIAL SERVICE IN JAPAN A PRESBYTERIAN LETTER TO CHINA 704 717 CHINA'S PATH TO PEACE 717 NEW JAPAN AND THE OLD GOSPEL ……………. By DAVID SPENCER 722 738 A description of the changes that have taken place ion the co·m.mercial, intellectual 745 748 and political lite of Japan dUTing the past half cenhlTY and an appeal for the 751 765 Gospel of Christ to supply the religious needs of the Japanese.

NEWSPAPER EVANGELISM IN JAPAN …………… BY HARVEY BROKAW An impressit'e story of the beginnings and the growth of a nniqne and frUitful form of Christian work which carries the Gospel message into all parts of the .Japanese Empire.

INTERPRETING CHRIST TO JAPANESE IN NEW YORK … BY SOJIRO SHImzu An account of the work of the Japanese Christian lnstitntt which ministers to hnndreds of Orientals in New York City.

RAMABAI, THE HINDU WIDOW'S FRIEND …. By KATE CAMPBELL VICKERY The remarkable hi.,tory of the" Uncrowndl QlIccn 'of India," her education, .conversion to Christianity and wonderful work for Hind" child·widows and famine orphans.

THE BOY'S OF THE WORLD ……………………. By CHARLES R. SCOTT The radio message broadcast'ed from W.J.Z. station in Newark to the boys of North America.

GROWTH OF REJ~IGIOUS TOLERANCE IN PERSIA … By ROBERT E. SPEER.

Another installment of Dr. Speer's "cport of a recentt'i.it to Persia and observation of the change in the attitude at thc Mo.,Zems toward Chr·istians.

BUILDING A CHURCH IN AFRICA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . BY WILLIA~[ H. HUDNUT The story of the difficulties, the methods and the BUCCess met in efforts to build a Christian ChUTCh o"t of men and women 1I'ho were once the naked savages of West Africa.

NATIONAL CONSCIOUSNESS AND THE KINGDOM OF GOD ……….. .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . By HENRIETTA H. FERGUSON A vast amount of interesting and inspiring in/ormation gathered at the 39th Ann1lal Conference of the International Missionary Union.

BEST ME HODS IN INTERRACIAL COOPERATION .. By MRS. E. C. CRONK WOMAN'S HOME MISSION BULLE'rIN …. EDlTED BY FLORENCE E. QUINLAN Notes On Community Endeavor, Mormonism and the Chambersb1lrg Home Mis· sion Conference.

WOMAN'S FOREIGN MISSION BULLETIN .. EDlTED BY MRs. J. HARVEY BORTON The story of the Foreign Missionary Conference at Nm-thjield, Mass.

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS ..•…………………………………….

MISSIONARY LIBRARY ………………………………………….. .

TERMS: $2.50 a year. ($2.00 in clubs of five.) Foreign postage, 50 cents. Single copies, 25 cents. Published Monthly. Copyrighted, 1921, by Missionary Review Publishing Company, Inc. All rights reserved. Entered as seeond·class matter at the Post Office at .Harrisburg, Pa., under the Act of March 3, 1879.

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Robert E. Speer, President Wm. 1. Chamberlain, Vice-President Delavan L. Pierson, Secretary Walter McDougall, Treasurer Editorial and Business Office. 156 Fifth Avenue. Publication office, 3d & Reily Sts. , Harrisburg, Pa. New York City 25C a copy $2·50 a year Entered as second·class matter at the Post Office, Harrisburg, Fa., under Act of March 3, 1879. Copyrighted, 1921 ~=============-=-==-========================~ It tells you how you may secure an income that cannot shrink; how you may execute your own will; howyou may create a trust fund; how you may give generously without hardship.

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Write for Booklet 52 AMERICAN BIBLE SOCIETY BIBLE HOUSE ASTOR PLACE NEW YORK PERSONALS of Bible lectures. On his'return to America, he expects to take up his work as pastor of MRS. HELEN BARRETT MONTGOMERY, a the University Church in Baltimore. member of the Editorial Couneil of the REVIllW, and last year President of the *" " Northern Baptist Convention, has received the degree of Doctor of Laws from Denison DR. CATHARINE L. MABIE, a Baptist mis- University, Ohio, and the degree of Doctor sionary in the Belgian Congo for many years of Humane Letters (L.H.D.) from Franklin and a member of the faculty of the Congo College, Iudiaua. Evangelical Training Institute, has returned to America on furlough. "* """ MR. E. T. COLTON of the International Y. M. C. A. has recently returned from an DR. WILLIAM BANCROFT HILL of Poughextended visit to Russia where he was en- keepsie, New York, has been elected Vice- President of the General Synod of the Re- formed Church in America.

deavoring to see that adequate relief is "" given to the educated classes in Russia. He DR. A. OLT~[ANS, for many years a sucbelieves that if these classes can be preserved, the future of Russia is assured. cessful missionary in Japan, was recently elected President of the General Synod of " " '" the Reformed Church in America. He is MISS HELEN DAVIS, sister of Dr. Kath- now at home on furlough. erine B. Davis, the head of the Bureau of Social Hygiene, is the Associate General ""• Secretary of the National Y. W. C. A., with DR. A. R. COOK, for over twenty-five years headquarters in New York. n. medical missionary of the Church Mis- sionary Society in Uganda, was among those "•" listed in the King's Birthday Honors, His REV. CHARLES A. ABEL, a missionary of Majesty having conferred upon him the the London Missionary Society, who has Order of C. M. G. been working with large success among the natives in New Guinea, is in America and "" spoke at Northfield in August. BISHOP LOGAN H. ROOTS, for twenty-two years Bishop of Hankow, China, has ap- "*" D&. A. O. DIXON, for some time pastor pealed to be released from administrative duties _for three_ years, in order to under· of the Metropolitan Tabernacle in London, take the secretaryship of the National has sailed for China to attend a series of Christian Council of China, to which he has missionary conferences and to give a course been urgently called.

Plea!ile mention TalC MISSIONAllY RltVI1~W OF Tall WOIUoD in UJ…;I-iqll "to advertiser&.

MISSIONARY

EVlEWt VOL SEPTEMBER, 1922 NUMBER XLV· NINE THE NEED O:F' MESOPOTAMIA T HE land in which lay the "cradle of the human race," the land from which Abraham came, the land of Nineveh and Babylon, is still almost untouched by Christian missions. It is a country of scattered population, and of little progress but is rich in possibilities both physical and spiritual. The commercial agents are active there in their exploitation of oil wells and date groves but the missionaries of Christ have not yet taken possession of the field. There is some possibility that the Presbyterian and Reformed Churches of America, that now have missions in the neighboring lands of Syria, Persia and Arabia, may unite to establish work in Mesopotamia. Robert E. Speer, who recently returned from a visi~ 1,0 this neglected land writes: "Mosul is the frontier city between Arab, Turk, and Kurd, and one-seventh of its population is made up of the non-Moslem elements, Chaldeans, Syro-Catholics, Jacobites, Nestorians, Sabeans, and Jews. At present also strange tides of political movement interlace, assisting and resisting one another, the new Arab government of Irak seeking to establish itself, the British government seeking to withdraw but finding it difficult to transfer authority and responsibility, the Turkish traditions lingering persistently and the possibility of new Turkish influence feared by some and by others much desired, French purposes not altogether clear, and new life astir in the breasts of many who have learned of liberty what their fathers never knew.

" As we talked with group after group representing many of these elements of life so mingled and varied, we seemed to hear a voice speaking to the missionary conscience of the home Church as clearly as that voice spoke to Jonah hundreds of years ago, 'Aris~ and go to Nineveh, that great city.' We talked with the British officials, with the father and mother of the present Nestorian patriarch, with representatives of the evangelical Assyrian Church, with the leaders of the Protestant community in MOBul, with the younger men of the 677

Jacobite body who are eager for the coming of new and living forces, and with individuals who helped to fill up the measure of such un- derstanding as we sought to inquire of the missionary need and opportunity in this old city.

"The Protestant community holding its own against immeas- urable odds recalled to us the names of the missionaries from whom the Gospel had come to them, showed us their beautiful old church and school, and asked for the help which surely they have a right to expect from us in their struggle to keep their light aglow. And the young Jacobite laymen, graduates of the college at Beirut and full of sympathy with the spirit and the ideals and the principles of life which they had met there, were eager to lend their support to any effort to meet the needs of men's minds and souls as well as of their bodies. ;" "Years ago Mosul was one of the stations of the American Bo~rd in Turkey. Then it was transferred to the Presbyterian Board with the expectation that it would be a base of work among the mountain Assyrians. When this seemed to be impracticable the work was transferred to the Ohurch Missionary Society of England. Now the Ohurch Missionary Society is giving up all its work in Mesopotamia and is withdrawing from Mosul and Bagdad.

"The plan which has seemed to be the best possible one is the establishment of a joint mission of the Presbyterian and Reformed Boards to care for the whole Mesopotamia field, leaving Basrah for the present in the Arabian Mission of the Reformed Ohurch, but embracing all the rest of Irak. Such a Mission should have at once strong stations in Bagdad and Mosul and should look forward to developing the adequate occupation of cities like Hillah near Babylon, Kerbala, the great shrine of the Shiah Mohammedans, Nusair- yeh which is Ur of the Ohaldees, and other centers both south and north of Bagdad. For many reasons medical work and schools should be used strongly in these stations as in Persia and elsewhere in the Mohammedan world, but the door to a straight and cOUlageous, while at the sarno time a wise and careful, direct presentation of Jesus Ohrist to Mohammedans is wide ajar. 'And the word of God came unto Jonah the second time saying, "Arise go unto Nineveh that great city, and preach unto it the preaching that I bid thee." , "

MISSIONS AND SOCIAL SERVICE IN JAPAN N Oone will deny that the Great Oommission of Ohrist to His disciples included social service such as healing the sick, cleansing the lepers and teaching the ignorant. There is, however, considerable room for difference of opinion as to how much emphasis should be placed on meeting intellectual and physical needs of men, and how much money and effort should be expended in these

1922J EDITORIAL COMMENTS

directions in comparison with the attention given to meeting men's spiritual needs. Christ's missionaries have always been eager to relieve distress and to overcome ignorance wherever it has been found, but to feed men's bodies or to train men's minds without leading them to God through Christ is to fail in the most important part of the missionary task.

In Japan today there is a wide variety of opinion among both ,Tapanese and foreign Christian workers as to the emphasis to be placed upon social service in the program of the Christian Church in Japan. Some are convinced that so-called "Social Servicp," is not only a non-essential, but a dangerous substitute for the "real Gospel," while others as earnestly believe that a Christian social service program must be preliminary, in communities of the lower class, to any adequate understanding and appropriation of the spirit and teachings of Christ.

"In Japan," says J. Merle Davis, "the shifting of the national emphasis from agriculture to industry and commerce, the trans- formation of the cities into vast industrial centers, the steady tide of country population pouring into the cities, the change of indus- trial method from hand crafts to high-powered steam and electrically driven machines, the concentration of great numbers of workers under the roofs of one plant, the pressure of night work, of long hours and low pay, the creation of the city slum and cheap lodginghouse with their attendant moral and physical degeneration, the over-crowding filth and vice accompanying the rapid growth of new factory districts-these conditions are familiar to all who have followed the rise of western industry. In addition to these siniste1 conditions, there have arisen athwart Japan's path to industrial progress and social prosperity certain conditions peculiar to her, which enormously complicate her situation. .At least four of these' may be mentioned :-the extraordinary speed of her industrial transformation; the unprecedented use of women and young girls in industries; the helplessness of the Japanese worker as a social and industrial unit, and the handicap of producing for the demands of a market representing a totally new civilization to the average factory worker. To these must be added two other factors, the comparative inexperience in social welfare technique and the inherited inertia in the face of social and industrial ills."

The Japanese Government has established many enterprises that seek to relieve poverty and to promote health, social welfare and education but there is much that is left undone. Other programs for betterment have been inaugurated in large industrial plants but little of it is actuated by unselfish principles. Ninety-five per cent of the factories have as yet done nothing to improve the truly horrible living conditions of their employees.

The most promising philanthropic efforts are those being carried

on by the Y. M. C. A., the Y. W. C. A., the Salvation Army and such independent Christian effort as that conducted by .Miss Caroline MacDonald and Mr. T. Hara for prisoners.

The missionary part of the social welfare program is, first of all, to bring to all the Good News of the love of God and the forgiveness of their sins through the Lord Jesus Christ. Second, it is to relieve suffering, so far as is possible, wherever found; to teach the ignorant that they may know God as revealed in Christ"that they may learn how to make the best use of their life and talents and that they may exhibit the spirit and life of Christ in the service of others. How this work may be done to best advantage must be left largely to individual missionaries. The one thing most important is, however, that in all social welfare work the giving of the Gospel and the training for Christian life service must dominate all else in purpose and program.

CHINA'S PATH TO PEACE I s it possible that China will yet discover that the only path to unity and progress is the Christian path? They have tried other ways and methods. Sun Yat Sen was at one time hailed as almost a Christian and an unselfish patriot. Today he is generally esteemed less highly and cannot be counted an evangelical Christian. With the defeat of Sun Yat Sen in the South, the driving of General Chang out of Peking and the re-assembly of the old constitutional parliament of 1914, representing a united China, there is some hope for political unity. But China cannot enjoy permanent peace except as it is based on the principles of Jesus Christ and submission to God's government. An interesting and hopeful sign is reported by Rev. Carleton Lacy, the Secretary of the China Agency of the American Bible Society, who writes: "By coincidence or otherwise, the most effective fighting units in China today are certain divisions under two generals whose divisions have almost literally been' eating up' the Christian scriptures. .A few weeks ago, General Chang Tso-lin of Manchuria, was reported to be holding an impregnable position near Peking. General Feng Yu-hsiang, the Christian Governor of Shensi, led his army out of remote Sianfu, hurled it against Chang's Fengtien troops, and drove the invader back to Manchuria. Almost every soldier in General Feng's army carries a Testament and the officers nearly all own leather-bound Bibles. More than that, they have set a style for the people, who on every hand are buying the book that has made an army not only tolerable, but decent and likable.

"In Southern China the influence of Christ is also manifest. The Christians of Canton decided that the city needed a moral clean-up. The gambling joints and lotteries were notorious. The Churches sought government cooperation in the campaign and Governor Chen was prudent enough to capitalize public opinion. The result was a purity campaign and a clean-up not complete, but noteworthy. The Christian forces achieved this with the aid of a good governor. The Christians decided to carry their welfare work into the barracks. The churches and a school of blind boys contributed $122.00, the Bible

EDITORIAL COMMENTS

Societies supplied Bibles and with the cooperation of the Y. M. U. .A., 1,500 New Testaments were presented to the men of one lOf these brigades before they broke camp. Chen Chung-ming's troops are now in control at Canton, and order has been restored."

" 'Soldier' in China used to be a synonym for 'Sinner' of the worst sort; everyone hated the troops and dreaded their coming.

Since the Bibles have gone into the camps and the armies began to 'get religion' things have been better. If Li Yuan-hung succeeds in holding the country together and in establishing order from Peking to Canton, he and all China will owe much to Generals Feng and Chen and their Bible-reading armies."

SOUTHERN PRESBYTERIANS' LETTER TO CHINA O N account of the suspicion cast upon SlOme missilOnary workers in China as tlO the rationalistic teachings, the Executive Committee of the Foreign Missions of the Presbyterian Church in the United States (SlOuthern) has sent a letter to its missionaries in China, as directed by the General Assembly, in reference to the" orthlOdoxy" of its missionaries. The result will be reported to the General Assembly next year. This letter asks for full minority and majority reports from each mission in case lOf irreconcilable differences of opinion. The letter is in part as folllOws: "Calling especial attention to the item in the action of the Assembly relating to the use of unsatisfactory textbooks in Union institutions in which we cooperate, our Committee desires that our missions should use every proper and legitimate means to secure the removal of such books as are named in the Assembly's action, namely, 'Clarke's Outlines of Theology' and 'Hastings' Bible Dictionary.' ….

"We most sincerely hope that the other boards cooperating in our Seminary at Nanking will appreciate the value of our cooperation at lea!?t to the .extent that they will be willing to adopt some theological textbook which our missions have approved. We would deplore the necessity of separating ourselves from the other evangelical missions working in central China in the matter of theological education, and thus losing the opportunity which we now have, with three members of our missions on the Seminary faculty, of making our contribution toward the training of the theological students coming from all the evangelical missions in their views of Christian doctrine. While of course we could not think of making concessions that would involve a sacrifice of principle in this matter, we do not think we ought to take any extreme position in our requirement of concessions from other missions. We must take the ground, however, that any institution in which our cooperation would involve our endorsement of the institution must be conducted on orthodox lines in matters of essential and fundamental doctrine ……. .

This is an exceedingly difficult and delicate question, especially since many missionaries who are supported by the Church in America are members of Presbyteries in China and are therefore outside of the ecclesiastical jurisdiction of the Church at home. There is also a great difference of opinion even among devoted, spiritually-minded Christians as tlO what constitutes" orthodoxy", what methods of in-

vestigation will reveal the true facts, and what means may be found to make certain that the teaching in missions and in union institutions will be only such as will build up a strong, intelligent, devoted Church of Christ, recognizing the Word of God as the final standard of authority in all matters of faith and practice..

PAPAL AND PROTESTANT ACTIVITY A T times the Roman Catholic Church seems to move quietly for- ward without any announced plans or reports of progress. It works largely under the surface through various channels. At present, however, there are outward signs of renewed activity at home and abroad under the leadership of Pope Pius XI. He is said to be a man of education, a statesman and leader.

The aggressive plans of the Papal hierarchy include greater activity in North America (where a papal history of the United States is to be issued by the Knights of Columbus), an increase in the number of missionaries in Africa and Asia and strong policies to counteract Protestant influences in Italy, France, Belgium and Germany. The Ukrainian Evangelical Association calls attention to the activity of the Jesuits in Poland (in which country Pope Pius XI formerly lived) and in the Ukraine.

The most startling plan of the Papacy is, however, the effort to win back the Russian Church into the Papal fold. The Soviet opposition to religion, the persecution of officials of the Greek Orthodox Church, the spoliation of the churches and the general suffering and unrest in Russia have seemed to the Papal· authorities an opportunity to win back these members of the Eastern Church to the; Roman fold. The losses of the Papacy in Austria and Czecho-Slovakia are great and it is not surprising that the Roman hierarchy is. seeking to offset them in other directions.

In view of the claims which the Pope makes to world-wide dominion as a "super-sovereign," and the activity of the Jesuits, the Roman Catholic priests and the Knights of Columbus in America and elsewhere, an "Evangelical Protestant Society" has recently been formed with headquarters at 331 West 57th Street, New York Oity. The President is Mr. E. C. Miller and the purpose of the Society is "to defend and promote Evangelical Ohristianity in cooperation with evangelical churches; to defend the encroachments of all who subordinate the authority of our country (America) to any other authority except that of God; to promote extensive and intensive evangelism throughout America and by wide publicity to reveal ways in which certain interests are endeavoring to nullify certain American laws and to subvert American institutions; to suggest and promote safeguards against all such encroachments in every lawful way."

EXPRESS TRAIN-TYPICAL OF MATERIAL PROGRESS IN MODERN

New Japan and the Old Gospel BY REV. DAVID S. SPENCER, D.D., KUMAMOTO, JAPAN Missionary of the Methodist Episropal Church sinee 1883 JAPAN has a history of 2,500 years. The 122d consecutive ruler of the same dynasty now occupies the throne. Here are temples a thousand years old and some Japanese coins were minted in 720 A. D. There are Japanese books that were published before these coins were born from the mint. There are swords and spears, lacquer ware and beautiful silks that were in existence long before the prows of the ships of Columbus cut the waters of the Atlantic. Japan is not new. Japan is very old.

On the other hand a visitor to Japan will find that all of her chief institutions are of recent date. Her political, commercial, educational, legal, industrial and military systems are scarcely fifty years old.

Japan is still in the transition stage. The old and the new strangely intermingle. In one place or in one respect the East is more in evidence; in another the vVest. '}'he combined result is something different from either East or vVest. In certain lines the change has been rapid.

Fifty years ago, Japan possessed only forty-six ships, with a total tonnage of 17,986, and no Japanese flag was ever seen in a foreign port. In 1918, her merchant fleet comprised 2,179 steamships, besides many sailing vessels, with a tonnage of 2,482,000. A commercial map shows that Japan has eighteen lines of marine service 683

touching every important port in the world, and no nation is now a stranger to the Sun-flag. Through the long World War, Japan practically bore the carrying trade of the Pacific. Her commercial fleet is now one of the greatest in existence, and is probably managed with as Iowa percentage loss of ships as is the fleet of any nation, geographical conditions considered.

In 1880, Japan had only about twenty miles of railway in operation. By 1920, 6,000 miles of steam railway had been constructed, with a total track mileage of 9,200, besides many electric roads. On these lines one can now find well-conducted diners, sleeping cars, a railway mail service, with electric engines on heavy gradients, and time schedules well kept.

The last fifty years have seen the telegraph lines extended to practically all parts of the Empire. Fifty years ago no "moshi, moshi" girls crowded the telephone exchange as now. Today we talk from island to island with ease, and all business feels the throb of new life.

What has been more interesting than the development of J apanese communications in the last half century~ Letters used to be carried at the end of a short pole slung across the shoulder of a footman and relays of swift-footed runners went between the chief cities. The less fortunate sections of the country got news when they could. There were practically no newspapers. Today the rural mail delivery reaches every hamlet daily, and in cities a dozen deliveries per day is common. The newspaper accompanies the letters. •Japan had this rural delivery and parcel post long before the United States awoke to their importance. An air mail service between the leading cities is now contemplated with Tokyo to Seoul, Tokyo to Peking, and Tokyo to Harbin air lines. A score of English captains of the air are now training the Japanese for this service.

The Japanese schools of fifty years ago cannot be easily described. The pupils knelt on the tatarni, (straw floor mats), in rows; before low tables, the teacher behind them with a long whip. Each· pupil shouted his lesson of Chinese characters at the top of his little voice. If he ceased, he was liable to get a switch over his shoulders. Even such schools were conducted only for the sons of thCl official class and financial favorites. In the brief intervening period, the common school has been carried to every class and section of the people. Attendance is obligatory. Poverty is no excuse. What the individual poor family cannot do the community rates must do. Illiteracy must go, and is rapidly going. Fifty years ago, a few thousand children enjoyed the benefits of education; today there are 7,500,000 in public schools.

A revolution of far-reaching importance is being wrought here through this scheme of education. Here beginning with childhood the national ideals are taught. Here a deep reverence for the lm-

NEW J APAN AND THE OLD GOSPEL

THE SUNDAY SCHOOL PARADE, TOKYO, A SIGN OF RELIGIOUS PROGRESS IN NEW JAPAN perial House is inculcated. Here, under the guise of "morale" the Shinto faith is instilled into the child mind. As in Germany under the ex-kaiser, special attention is given to the primary grades, and here the foreign missionary is not encouraged to enter. He may conduct the kindergarten, the academy, the college, but not the primary grades. Japan likes the world to know that the 98 per cent plus of her children of school age are enrolled in her schools. To the friend of missions, here is food for thought.

NEW '-!OMJ<JN OF JAPAN With this nation-wide awakening of ideas, very important social, psychological, industrial and economic changes are coming, and with increased momentum. The first thing to notice is the change in woman's status. From a mere servant and tool of the male sex she is proving to be man's intellectual equal, his moral superior, and his industrial competitor. Because of her demonstrated ability she can no longer be shut out of positions of importance. In telephone. telegraph, railway office and every sort of clerkship she has won her way. As a professor in women's colleges she has made good. In law, in medicine, in art, in music, on the stage, she is able to meet aU

demands. She excels as a teacher of the young. The Imperial University has admitted her as a student, and though the House of Peers has thus far defeated her efforts to secure the franchise, she will in due time secure the ballot.

The stress placed on education in Japan has naturally opened the way for the press, and every city and large town has its newspaper-cities like Tokyo and Osaka boasting of dozens of them. Everybody reads. There are 1,430 bookstores in Tokyo alone, and the variety and attractiveness of the books offered through the land, awakens admiration, though a great improvement in the moral tone of some of them is to be desired. But attention needs to be riveted to the fact that the people are reading, everywhere reading. The morning paper furnishes the leading news items from all world news centers. Japan knows far more about America than America knows about Japan.

All this education and this stirring of thought points to another great change, which is the psychological. Before the restoration the samurai class-5 per cent of the population-did the thinking for all, and the 95 per cent were the submissive tools of the governing class. Today the official concern is over the rise of the people. The coolie of yesterday is the capitalist of today, and demands a hearing. The conservatives constantly fight what they call" dangerous thoughts,'~ -these incoming democratic ideas,-but theirs is a losing fight. No police or military system can fence out thought. Censorship of the press has been tried to the limit, but has failed to prevent the ingress of radical ideas. The school with its revelations of science and history, the foreign press, Japanese travel, foreign guests, wireless, -the very heavens are aglow with incoming light and informatiOlL, and Japanese youth of all classes are intellectually the hungriest souls one can find. To the young of both sexes, knowledge is power. The well-to-do seem to have special advantages. Consequently, money is supposed to be power. The capitalist has come. Class animosities have come. Modern industry with all its attendant evils is upon us. At the hour of writing, 20,000 workmen, using "direct action," have possession of the largest shipbuilding plant in the land, and are holding up the building of vessels for the navy. Labor is forbidden to organize, but organize it will.

The whole life of the Japanese people is now complicated by the ever increasing political and social problems. With the growth of intelligence among the masses comes the demand for a real part in the conduct of gove-rnment by the people. Official red tape or arbitrary action is increasingly resented. The colonies are being heard from. The agricultural class,-74 per cent of the population,-is showing steadily greater opposition to increased taxation,-and the nation-wide demand for a reduced war budget,–now consuming half the national income,–cannot long be ignored. Further, Japan must

NEW JAPAN AND THE OLD GOSPEL

find some outlet for her population. China is credited with 120 per square mile and Korea with 190, while Japan has 372 to the square mile. Japan can no longer feed her own people from her own soil. Increasing as they are more than half a million per year, some safe outlet for these millions must be found. China is looked upon as an increasing danger and if the present unrest continues none can foretell what tomorrow may bring to that unfortunate people. The Korean problem is still pressing but there is hope that it may soon be solved. Japanese colonization is possible to a limited extent in Korea and Formosa. Japan is today the only well-organized, orderly and effective government in this Far Eastern population of 500,- 000,000; and Japan is facing problems of highest natIOnal importance.

The Far East is the storm center of the world. These millions fear the white man, while the leaders of both China and Japan feel the importance of keeping friendship with America. Fifty years ago Japan definitely decided to march in company with the Occident if possible. To keep that decision, Japan has, on the one hand, endangered her situation in the Orient, and on the other has at times produced misunderstandings in the Occident; but unless alienated from America and England by our own folly, she will cling to her position of influence and power derived from her Occidental connections.

THE POWER OF CHRISTIANITY Into this increasingly interesting and strategically dynamic situation Protestant Christianity came some fifty years ago. Japan has not forgotten her experience with the Jesuits of the sixteenth century, and for years the Gospel of Christ in Protestant dress was also strongly opposed. Buddhism and Shinto naturally still oppose the Christian missionaries. Another great opponent has been the family system, an institution little known or appreciated in foreign lands.

In spite of every form of opposition, often amounting to persecution, sometimes even to the death, the Gospel has, however, made real progress. It has removed the "notice boards" prohibiting Christianity and has written religious liberty into the national constitution and all law codes. It has made concubinage a disgrace, has glorified monogamy. The Christian home has opened wide the door to enlightened womanhood and is making steady progress to her moral, social and economic restoration. It has brought the legal Sabbath, and aims steadily at bringing in the spiritual day. It has. taken the Bible out of obscurity and has introduced it to the press, the bookstores of the land, and the homes of multitudes. It has established a Christian press which has already attained wide influence and steadily challenges the evils of the day. In 2,000 years

Buddhism and Shinto had reared scarcely a single eleemosynary institution. In fifty years Christianity has dotted the land with institutions for the care of the sick, the blind, the deaf, the dumb, the leper, the insane. Japan's Red Cross Society is an outstanding Christian gift of international importance. E'ifty years ago the open profession of the Christian faith meant to the Japanese citizen danger to liberty and even to life. ~roday the Crown Prince is a member of the Young Men's Christian Association, and the gifts of the Imperial House to Christian projects of every sort are well known. Best of all, the simple Gospel of Jesus Christ is being regularly preached in thousands of towns and villages by a stable and able Japanese ministry; aggressive evangelistic movements are stirring all the churches, and sinners by hundreds are coming to the Father's house.

But a complete Christian victory has not yet been won in Japan. Only about one per cent of the people profess to be Christians. At least 35,000,000 in Japan proper have never yet had one fair chance to know our Saviour. Dangerous forces are rising to oppose the old Gospel. The lack of Christian workers to meet the new demand is appalling. Japan begins to say: "The Christian religion alone can meet the situation; if that fails, we are gone." The deep longing of the best thought of the day for light from American Christianity has never been greater than at this hour. No new and different Gospel can meet the needs of the hour. The old Gospel is being tested right here and now and is proving its power. Only Christ, the Son of God can save men. .Tapan is the key to the Far East. The hope for China is in a regenerated Japan, for Japan will lead this Orient-but whither1 That depends on her adoption of the teachings of Christ as her standard. What then is an intelligent Christian program?

(1) A substantial immediate increase in evangelical missionaries, both men and women.

(2) Stress on the Christian kindergarten, the Sunday-school, and all work among the young.

(3) Adequate equipment for mission schools of middle school grade for both men and women, and double their number.

(4) Union of Christian forces on a Christian univE'rsity of high grade for men, and the strengthening of the one now existing for women.

(5) Cooperation of Christian forces, eliminating all unnecessary duplication of agencies, and a strong combined attack upon the liquor traffic, social vice, official corruption and unjust industrial conditions.

(6) Ten times as much money and brains as now put into Christian literature and newspaper evangelism, to meet this awakened mind with the Gospel of Christ, for that Gospel is the power of God unto salvation and the one hope of this Far East.

EVANGELISM LOAN LIBRARY-SELECTING BOOKS FOR

Newspaper Evangelism in Japan BY REV. HARVE Y BROI(AW, D.D., KYOTO, J APAN Missionary of t.JlC Presbyterian Church, U.S.A., since 1896 T HE use of the printed page in Christian evange. lism is. nothing new, for missionary printing presses in every mission land have turned out millions of pages and put them into the hands of non-Christians. But newspaper evangelism, as now carried on, seems to be a twentieth century and Japanese development. The beginnings, however, date back to the last years of the nineteenth century.

On the damp, dismal west coast of Japan, in Fukui, where William Eliot Griffis got his first intimate touch with Japanese life and histor y, a well equipped missionar y, the Rev. G. W. Fulton, D.D., of the Presbyterian Mi ssion, like Peter on the housetop, was grieved with the idolatry around him. His keen, alert brain pondered problem and method to reach these non-Christians. The result was an advertisement in the local newspapers to the effect that anyone wishing to study the Bible would have a method described by sending in name and address.

689

The method was simply the use of mimeographed explanations of Bible passages in such an order as seemed best suited to the J apa- nese mind. Later, a little eight-page paper, called "Yako," was substituted for the mimeographed explanations.

The Rev. J. W. Doughty of Hiroshima on the Inland Sea, also began to search out any interested in Ohristianity and a small ad- vertisement in the vernacular papers brought responses in such numbers as quite to overwhelm him and his colleague. A package of tracts is sent out in reply to inquiries, with an invitation to (lorre- .spond as to doubts and difficulties. The Ji'ttkttin Geppo, (now the Fukuin Shisha) , met the need for a religious paper, and workers were sent out two by two in itineration to consult the new inquirers. The Rev. Albertus Pieters, a missionary of the Reformed Church in America, has carried the method to its logical conclusion, by the establishment and instruction of bodies of Christian believers, looking forward to self-governing, self-supporting and self-propagating churches. In the city and prefecture of Oita, on the island of Kyushiu, Dr. Pieters has in seven years had inquirers in every township and nearly every village and hamlet in the prefecture. Local bodies of believers were established, which are developing into organized churches. Mr. Pieters so thoroughly believes in the method that he has the vision of a nation-wide, inter-denominational agency, which would break through the solidarity of .Japanese society, particularly in village and rural life. Accordingly, he has organized a Promotion Oommittee and the Conference of F'ederated Missions, after a year's investigation, has appointed a standing committee on Newspaper Evangelism. This committee plans to give this method of evangelism a fair trial. They serve as a bureau for the collection and dissemination of information with regard to the work and are now carrying on a demonstration in the city and prefecture of Fukuoka, also on the island of Kyushiu. The plan of organization of the standing committee may be of great value for guidance and inspiration to Boards, Societies and Missions in other mission fields. (Copies of the Rules may be secured from the Federation, Kyo Been Kwan, Ginza, Tokyo.) One of the first and most grievous disillusionments of the average new missionary is iu regard to the attitude of non-Christian populations towards him. Very frequently in the home-lands, the impression is given that the peoples of the world's mission fields are waiting to welcome him with outstretched arms and longing for his message with eager hearts. This usually is far from the truth. The missionary is soon made to feel that neither he nor his message are wanted except by a very few. He is often ignored, ostracised, persecuted, treated as an interloper, and even suspected of being a spy for his government. He soon learns by experience what His Savionr taught in the parable of the "Lost Sheep." He goes after

NEWSPAPER EVANGELISM IN JAPAN

the one that was lost. There is a solidarity of society against him and his "imported religion." , But mission fields have been affected by the movements in home- lands to influence society as a whole. The individual must be saved, but so must society, if possible. Rev. Albertus Pieters says: "It is precisely here that the weakest point in our missionary work is found. Practically the only methods in use anywhere are preaching and tract-distribution, both of which are able to function only through the personal presence of a Christian worker. The efficacy of these methods is therefore subject to four very serious limitations: first, the number of Christian workers; second, their personal efficiency; third, the accessibility of the population in a geographical sense; and, fourth, their accessibility in a moral sense; that is to say, their desire aJld willingness to receive the proffered information. Stated commercially, these conditions correspond to the number and skill of the salesman employed, the facilities for distribution, and the demand for the article offered.

"These methods do not at present sufficc to keep up with the growth of the popUlation in any non-Christian land, with the consequence that each year there are more individuals unacquainted with our message than there were the year before ……. There is no prospect that evangelism by present methods will be adequate to the task in hand in any country with a large and growing population.

"In the face of these facts, if we are to address ourselves soberly to the task of universal evangelization, it is essential that we should find a method of increasing the demand, and also a method of communicating the information that is not dependent so strictly upon the personal presence of a worker in the district or with the person to be evangelized ….. In Japan, we can reach through the papers directly from one-fifth to one-fourth of the population, and this portion is so influential that if we succeed in reaching them we shall in all probability quite readily find means of reaching the remainder."

There will always be need for the" one win one" method. Nor is it the claim that any of the methods now in use, such as education, hospitals and social service, should be abandoned. There will be need for all, and each one of them should be everlastingly worked. What is claimed is that we now have a method, with the principles worked out, and with the fundamentals of the organization made clear, which will break through the solidarity of society and touch the whole.

" Newspaper evangelism" becomes in practice "correspondence evangelism." The brief explanations of Christianity in the newspaper, with the advertisement requesting names and addresses, and offering Christian literature free, in every case so far recorded bring in names and requests beyond expectation, or at least beyond ability to handle them. Dr. Christopher Noss, after two years' experience, found himself "in correspondence with inquirers"mostly young folks, in over half of the 400 rural districts" in his field. "In some of them there are well-defined groups, possible nuclei of Christian congregations." He adds, "I can not see much prospect for rural evangelization in Japan unless this method is utilized. Its unique value

consists in its power to reach those who cannot attend Christian meetings, either because the mission churches are too far off, or because the inquirer is restrained by superiors."

In Hiroshima, where the work first started, Rev. W. H. Murray Walton, of the Church Missionary Society, is prosecuting the plan vigorously. Utilizing the interest at the time of the World's Sun- Jay School Convention, he received 700 requests in one week. In a short time, he had applications from 146 villages, had sent out 750 books and sold two hundred yen worth of Christian literature. In a few months, eight baptisms had resulted and a vast correspondence established.

The new inter-denominational venture in Fukuoka, with Mr. Pieters as manager, started on April 28, 1921. By July 15th, 750 requests had come in, and advertisements had to be stopped. On one !!lay there were 85 applications. Referring to the advertisement, Mr. Pieters writes, "Results came in so fast that we had to withdraw the announcement. …. We had to stop it because it threatened to swamp us. We have not the staff to deal with so large a business, nor have we the means to supply so many people with tracts. It costs twentyfive cents, (U. S. money), on the average, to take care of the business resulting from one application. That is not much, but it seems dreadful not to be in a position to spend that much on a man who knows nothing about Christ and wishes to learn."

The results should be analyzed more carefully, and in so doing they fall naturally into several points. First, ."there is the systematic dissemination of the Christian message." The articles, a column or so in length furnish a capital opportunity for teachings about God, Jesus Christ, sin, redemption, the Bible. It is thus practically possible" to give the people a good idea of what Christianity is." This means practically aU the people, for the Japanese are a reading people. A trip into the interior, even to mountain villages or islands of the Inland Sea, will reveal the postman or other carrier carrying by relays the great dailies to these places ere sunset of the day of issue. This may mean eighty to one hundred miles from the nearest railway station, taking into consideration the night hours of the earliest issues. Think of thus saturating a whole prefecture, or a whole empire, if the means were available, with fundamental Christian truth.

A second result is obtained by inserting articles on social questions from the Christian standpoint. What is the Christian idea of patriotism? .What is the Christian basis of international relations? How about the evils of alcoholism, the geisha and licensed prostitution? Is there a Christian relationship for capital and labor? Should Christians stand for disarmament and international veace? Is it not of importance to create a Christian conscience on such matters 7 We admit that a missionary must not have anything to do with

political questions as such, but he surely ought not to keep quiet about questions of moral and spiritual import, even if a non-Christian government makes them a part of politics. A few years ago, Mr. Pieters discovered that the school teachers of Oita Prefecture were compelling the school children to worship at s~rines, contrary to the Constitution, which grants religious liberty. A series of articles in the newspapers practically stopped the illegal and improper practice.

A third result is in the opening of new doors and creating new opportunities. There are large numbers who have been hindered by distance, by the opposition of society and by the rancor of the priests from gratifying their longing to know about the gospel of Christ. Newspaper evangelism brings such their opportunity. With the follow-up work, and after a few years at this method, the writer could have placed twenty evangelists in places ready to receive them.

A final result is in the changing of individual lives. After all this result is really the most fundamental. We moderns are very much given to thinking in terms of the salvation of society. It is a magnificent vision and a noble purpose. But we should never forget that society will be saved only by the transformations of character in individual lives. Newspaper evangelism searches out those eager of heart and ready for the truth, puts the truth before them, provides by follow-up work a method of study preparatory to baptism, leads into fellowship with some church or organizes a new one for them. The results are already so large, so compelling in the saving of the individual that this one form of result would alone justify the method. Moreover, lives get so transformed by the power of the personality of Jesus that no small number of Christian workers and evangelists have been produced by this work.

The future, of course, is in the hands of Providence. But Providence works through men and women. The full fruition of this work of newspaper evangelism, humanly speaking, now depends upon the measure of support given by Missions, Boards, the supporting churches and individuals of the home-lands. The Committee on Newspaper Evangelism of the Federation of Missions has made out a five year program for about $1,250,000, which would enable them to carry out a nation-wide campaign. It seems a large sum, but CO!l1rpared with the need, the opportunity, the probable results-based on experience-the sum is none too large.

Rev. Albertus Pieters says: "Give us the Two Hundred and Fifty Thousand a year for from ten to twenty years, and we believe we can put some knowledge of the gospel into every hamlet of fifty houses or more in the entire Empire of Japan, and that we can make it virtually impossible for any intelligent, newspaper reading Japanese to grow up without a knowledge of the facts and doctrines neces- sary to Christian faith. "

Christ to Japanese in New

BY REV. SOJIRO SHIMIZU, NEW YORK Minister of the Japanese Christian Institute T HOUSANDS of Japanese come to New York for education or business. They see the mad rush for knowledge, for money, for pleasure and for political power, but very few of them ever enter a Christian Church or a Christian home. America is interpreted to them as a land of material progress and their idea of American Christianity is mixed with Universities, V'all Street, the "Great White Way," and the Capitol at Washington, but they know only the exteriors of Churches of many sects and styles. Christ is not in many cases interpreted to them so that they see in Him the Lord and" Saviour of all merr, especially of those who believe."

The Japanese Christian Institute, located at 330 East 57th St., New York, is an attempt so to interpret Christ that the Japanese in New York will see in Him, not a foreign God, but One who deserves their homage and is ready to be their Saviour and Friend. The Japanese Christian Minister in ·charge is supported by the Woman's Board of the Reformed Church in America but the Institute itself is interdenominational and is self-supporting. Its members belong to different denominations, or to none, and many Japanese there first confess Christ. The one aim of the Institute is to proclaim Christ and His Gospel to the Japanese in New York through devotional services, preaching, Bible classes and Christian living. Christianity is interpreted as related to personal, social, intellectual, business and political life. A free evening school is conduded in which the J apanese are taught English and some other subjects; there is a free employment bureau, an information bureau, and a dormitory for 30 men. Classes have also been organized in Japanese boarding houses so as to widen the Christian influence of the Institute. The Japanese gladly attend the devotional meetings, Bible Classes and preaching services, the attendance ranging from fifty to one hundred and fifty. On Saturday evenings there are literary meetings and on Thanksgiving, Christmas and New Years are dinners or other social gatherings. Four hundred attended the exercises last Christmas.

The Institute greatly needs two things in order that it may satisfactorily do its work. (1) A club house for women members who have no satisfactory home in New York City. (2) A Rest Home in the country where the Japanese may go for healthful recreation in a Christian atmosphere. Gifts for these purposes may be sent to the Woman's Board of the Reformed Church in America, 25 East 22d Street, New York.

694 The following are a few testimonies from Japanese who have come to the Institute: "I have been seven years in this city, but I stayed most of the time in down-town boarding houses, where every form of evil prac- tices is going on-since I became a Christian, my disposition has been changed, and I keenly regret the loss of the last seven years without Christ."

"It is twenty-five years since I left .Japan and I have been eighteen years in this city, but I have never before been in the Mis- sion. I stayed in boarding houses down-town; I am very glad to come here and enjoy a Christian environment."

"After years of struggles, I found the real peace in Christ, and now I have decided to enter into the ministry and give my life to His service."

During the past year, we received nineteen adults as members through confession of faith; and each one of them is eager to lead others to the saving knowledge of Jesus Christ and is active in as- sisting mission work. Among new converts, there are machinists, business men, students and others, who are at present engaged in domestic work. With a significant sense of joy and hope, we receive a new convert, not only because" there is joy in the presence of angels of God over one sinner that repenteth," but also in a larger sense he represents his home, friends and country. -Winning one young man here may mean saving many in his home land; and sowing here means reaping there in the foreign field. The gTeat majority of the Japanese, whom you meet in this city, come from homes where there is no Christian influenee; and some of them come from the localities where the Gospel of Christ has never yet been preached. Think of the immense opportunities we have in the city to carryon both home and foreign missionary work at the same time. To Christianize every Japanese in the city should be our supreme purpose, as we realize the cooperation of the Spirit.

Our work in the Mission is naturally twofold, namely: To lead men to Christ, realizing that winning one man to Christ means leading indirectly his family and friends at home, and thus we can contribute our share in evangelizing Japan, and in the second place: To educate Christian men and wome:p., as well as those who come to us in the principles of Christian teachings, through the agency of the Church, that they may bear manifold fruits.

The sphere of our work is not confined within the walls of the Institute, for we are eager to preach the Gospel also to those who are outside. We publish a Japanese monthly paper, "The Progress," and tracts of various kinds and distribute them free to the Japanese whose addresses are known to us. This work has continued for eight years and at present the paper is sent to England, France, Germany, South America and Japan, besides being widely circulated in America.

Ramabai-The Hindu Widow's

KATE CAMPBELL VICKERY, SYRACUSE, NEW YORK Impersonator and Lecturer on India's Women A LL hearts were stirred with sympathy whon Ramabai's daugh- ter, Manoramu, went Home a few months ago, and again last December when Soonderbai Powar died and left Ramabai, the "Indian Widow's Friend," without the help of those nearest and dearest to her. But our Heavenly Father knows what is best for His children. When "India's Uncrowned Queen" came to her heav- enly coronation her only daughter, and her dearest friend and co- worker of many years, as well as many of her daughters in Christ, were waiting to receive her with acclamation and joy.

Ramabai, the daughter of a learned Brahmin shastri, had an unusual life for a girl of her day in India. Her father, a widower, while at a mela or religious festival in the city of Nasik, on a pil- grimage seeking for peace, met and mal ried the little nine year old daughter of a Brahmin pilgrim. That very day he started with her to his home in Mangalore, nine hundred miles away and Lakshima- bai, the little childwife, never saw her parents again.

Some years before he had studied with a noted shastri in the city of Poona and had sat daily with his teacher in the Peshwa's palace, outside the curtain, behind which he could hear Rani, the Peshwa's wife as she read and studied under the shastri's direction. He was impressed with the fact that women might be taught to read and had tried to teach his wife to read. His mother forbade the les- sons and his wife did not wish to learn so that he gave up the attempt. Now, however, he began to give his new little childwife lessons in Sanskrit. As his mother insisted that there must be no lessons in that Hindu house, Ananta Shastri took little Lakshimabai and his household goods and departed into tl1e Western Ghauts into the Forest of Gungamul, a remote plateau. There he built a house, made his home, and taught his wife to read.

Here their three children were born: two daughters and a son. Ramabai, the only child who sUI'¥ived, was born in April, 1858. When she was old enough to learn to read her father was so busy teaching many chelas or disciples that her mother, I"akshimabai, was her first teacher. The household by this time had been increased by Ananta Shastri's father, mother, and the son of his first wife so that Lakshimabai's day was filled with household tasks. Each morn- ing before it was light she would waken Ramabai with sweet words and caresses and holding her in her arms would whisper the Sanskrit words to her. Later when her father found how apt a pupil Ramabai . was, he became her teacher.

696 THE LAST PORTRAI'l' OF PANDI'l'A RAMABAI When Ramabai was nine years old the family left their forest home and spent seven years in pilgrimage, visiting shrines, temples, and sacred rivers. They were welcomed by the priests because of the gold the father gave to them, but later when famine came and their money was gone the priests drove them away with harsh words and curses. The suffering among the poor families became intense and Ramabai heard her first call to service come during this famine when she saw the suffering among the women and children and especially among the little child widows.

Ramabai's father fell ill and knowing he could not live long, he gathered his family about him and bade them farewell. As he took sixteen year old Ramabai in his arms he said: "You are my youngest, my most beloved child. Trust in God, for there is a God somewhere

and He will care for yOU." The poor old Hindu had traveled about India for many years seeking for peace and a knowledge of God, but died without ever hearing of Him who came to reveal the Heavenly Father and the way of life.

A little later, at Raichur, Ramabai's mother fell ill and died, and in a few days her sistcr followed. The surviving brother al1(1 sister suffered much from lack of food, and many times ate leave,., of trees and the hard seeds from the bushes.

For four years they travelled over India lecturing. The pandits (or teachers) of Calcutta examined Ramabai in the Sanskrit and in the sacred books of the Hindus, and finding her an unusual scholar they called her Sarasvati, (goddess of wisdom), and gave her the title of Pandita (teacher). This was the first time such an honor had been conferred on a woman in India.

After her brother's death in 1880, caused she felt by excessive fasting and penance, Ramabai married a Hindu barrister, Bipin Bihari Medhavi, M.A., B.L. As neither she nor her husband believed in Hinduism nor in Christianity, they were married by the civil rite. At the end of nineteen months of happy married life during which time a little daughter, Manorama, (Heart's Joy), had come into their home, the husband died suddenly from cholera. Of his death Ramabai says: "This great grief drew me nearer to God. I felt that He was teaching me, and that if I was to come to Him, He must Himself draw me."

As a widow, Ramabai again took up her lecture work on the position of Hindu women, declaring that the ancient Shastras did not degrade her position as the modern interpreters taught that they did. She formed a society, known as the Arya Mahila Somaj in Poona, to promote the education of women and to discourage child marriage. Branch societies were established in other cities.

During this time strange forces had been at work in Ramabai's heart. She had become definitely conscious of God's guidance and longed for a deeper knowledge of spiritual things. She had written a book on "Morals for Women" and with the proceeds of its sale determined to go to England. She and her little daughter Manorama were kindly cared for by the Sisters in St. Mary's Home at Wantage and here she came to know the truth of Christianity. She accepted Christ and on September 29th, 1883, she and Manorama were baptized in the Church of England.

After three years given to the study of English, science and mathematics and to teaching Sanskrit in the Ladies' College at Cheltenham, she received an invitation from a cousin, Anandabai J oshee, in Philadelphia, saying: "Ramabai, come over and see me graduate from the Medical College. Come and see these American women; they know how to do things."

RAMABAI-THE HINDU WIDOW'S FRIEND

Ramabai decided to visit America before returning to India and in Philadelphia she took up a study of the kindergarten system. Manu, the great lawgiver of the Hindus, taught that the only place where a woman could be independent was in hell. But Ramabai saw in the kindergarten system a basis for training the women of India to support themselves and to be independent even in India.

On her return to India some Brahmin gentlemen helped her to secure a house for a school which was named "Sharada Sadan" (House of Wisdom). Only two scholars came. One seemed very stupid but Ramabai persevered and today that former stupid girl is the happy wife of a professor in one of the colleges in India and the founder of a home for widows. In 1890 the Sharada Sadan was moved to Poona and a permanent home was built on land purchased by the Ramabai Association of America. Poona is a Brahmin city and there are always many high-caste' widows there. The school increased in numbers, many widows coming to escape the suffering and persecution of their homes.

Each morning before the day's tasks were begun, Ramabai and Manorama had family prayers in their room, with the door open. At first the girls and women stood outside and listened to the Christian hymns; then later they entered and sat on the floor beside Ramabai during the morning prayers. Some of the Brahmin gentlemen on the Board of Directors visited the school and said: "Ramabai, 'tis a strange thing for a woman to leave her native land and wander here and there about the earth; 'tis no wonder you have gone after strange gods, but now, that you have come again to your native land surely you will forget those strange gods and again you will worship the gods of the Hindus. But if you and your daughter will worship those strange gods, then when you do, you must close your door." For twenty-four hours in the day the door stood wide open to help any that might come and Ramabai would not close it when she talked to her God. When she told the directors this they said: "We'll take away our women from your school, we'll pull your house about your head, we'll publish you all over the land of India as the friend of widows and the breaker of caste."

Ramabai had longed to help the little widows of India, but she had no money with which to continue the work. The storm threatened to destroy her work, but in that storm God sent His greatest blessing. The Brahmins took away all their women, as they had threatened, and published all over India that Ramabai was the "friend of widows and the breaker of caste." Little widows listened and said: "Ramabai is our friend. If we are ill-treated we will go to her." They began to come, many of them with poor tortured bodies, sad hearts and broken lives.

One. of these was Gangabai, a poor little thing, who shuddered

if you spoke to her, and shrieked in terror if you touched her. She had been beaten and misused until her mind was almost gone.

There was Dasee, poor little child, whose husband had died a few months after their marriage. They said that she must have been a wicked woman in a former life else the gods would not have taken her husband now. So her mother-in-law beat and misused her, hung her by her thumbs to the ceiling and if she fell it was on to a bed of prickly pear cactus, shut her in a room and threw pepper on the fire, and if she sneezed she beat her.

Ramabai realized that she was not sufficient for her task and a longing for a deeper work of grace took possession of her soul. In April, 1895, with fifteen of her girls who had become Christians, she attended a camp meeting at Lanouli, conducted by the missionaries of Western India. Early one morning she went out into the hi1ls and true Orientalist and devotee that she was, she humbled herself before her God, threw herself on her face and asked God for this great gift in her life. As the sun came up over the Western Ghauts, the Sun of Righteousness shone in her heart and gave her the peace that the world ca1mot give and cannot take away. Then she asked God to give her many more girls to teach. She thought she asked too largely but God spoke to her saying: "Is anything too hard for Me? Oh, ye of little faith, wherefore will ye doubH" Comforted, exalted, and dedicated anew to God's service she went back to Poona to abide God's time and to follow His leading.

A year later a great famine broke out in the Central Provinces. Ramabai longed to rescue some of the women and girls, but had no one to care for the school while she was gone, or any money to support the girls she might rescue.

One morning at prayers one of the women said: "Bai, why do you not go into the Central Provinces and bring back some of those famine women to care for them and teach them about this God of whom you have told us ? We will be good while you are gone and will do everything your sister-in-law Mami tells us to do."

So Ramabai went into the Central Provinces, but she fpund that she could not take any of the girls away from relief camps without the permission of tho British Government. As she stood waiting for the officers to come and open the camp that morning, she understood why the Brahmins preferred to have their wives and daughters die of starvation than that they should be insulted and ruined at the relief camps. She saw two beautiful high caste girls come near loaded with jewels. The younger one was crying bitterly, and the elder one trying to comfort her. Men from the Hindu temples were following them, were offering them silken saris, jewels, fine food, and servants to wait upon them if they would only go with them. How Ramabai longed to put her arms about the girls and protect them but she dared not touch them lest she break their caste.

She spoke to them, however, and told them that when the relief camp was open she would ask permission to take them to her home and protect them. The elder one came and fell at her feet and said: "Bai, (woman) we'll go with you if you will only let us be good. Weare so afraid of those men."

The officers gave her permission to take as many girls and women as she would guarantee to care for, and with these two girls she gathered three hundred other girls and women and took them with her to Poana. But when she reached the city the authorities said, "You cannot bring those women and girls here for they are from the .famine districts and have all kinds of diseases. Take them away."

What should Ramabai do~ Then God's hand was revealed. A few weeks before a friend in America had sent some money with which she had purchased one hundred acres of land about thirty miles outside of Poona. To this farm at Kedgaon she took the girls and women and there they camped in the fields. They built booths of the branches and leaves of the trees to protect them from the sun and n;lOon.

Friends in England and America, hearing of the work for famine 'widows, sent money and a settlement was built which they called Mukti (Salvation). Here the three hundred women and girls were housed and fed and trained. They were taught sewing, cooking, farming, weaving, setting type and spent many hours in the school- room each day.

Some years later when Gujerat experienced a terrible famine, Ramabai was again led to go to the famine area and gather in hun- dreds of girls and women. Among these were girls reseued from an evil life so that a Rescue Home was built across the road from Mukti. This was cared for by Miss Edmonds and later by Mrs. Baker of Rochester who came to visit but remained to help. The cornerstone of the Home was laid on March 20th, 1898, in faith and in obedience to God's order, although not a single copper was in the building fund.

The older girls rescued in the famine in the Central Provinces became the nurses and the teachers for the girls saved in this later famine. Ramabai said: "It seems to me that these girls were sent here by special providence of God, to be trained to care for their sisters who came from the later famine. I am thankful that God has given me out f)f the Central India girls a band of at least one hundred and fifty noble young women, who are incessantly working for their Gujerati sisters, day and night. There are forty-five matrons, each of whom has thirty girls under her charge. They are proving them- selves real mothers to the new girls. The nurses who attend to the sick in the hospital do their work of mercy as unto the Lord." Half of the girls rescued in the first famine were so well trained and so consecrated to Christ's service that they were able to care for

hundreds of others rescued from heathenism. This was evidently a work of God.

As day by day God led Ramabai on in her work so her faith and that of her workers increased. When one time fifteen hundred dollars was needed to complete some of the buildings, early one morning Ramabai and her Christian girls and women gathered in the chapel for a day of fasting and prayer. All day long they fasted and prayed and as the sun was setting with one accord they rose and sang "Praise God from whom all blessings flow," thanking Him for answering their prayer. Then they went to their evening meal and to rest. That same night in a city in America a man could . not sleep. God was speaking to him but he would not listen. Just as the morning sun peeped in at his window he dropped on his knees beside his bed and said: "Oh, Lord, I will send Ramabai the $1,500 this morning." Ramabai's prayer was answered.

Many other instances of answers to prayer I was privileged to hear as I sat beside her and read from her book of answered prayer as she told me of time after time when they had no money to buy food for her great family of 1,500 and 1,600 women, or when they. needed money to dig their wells, to build their buildings, to care for the sick, to equip their printing plant, to rescue famine girls. On the left-hand page of the book was the need written down, the day and hour when a special prayer service was held; on the righthand page was the day and hour when the answer to the prayer was received. The date of the post-mark on the letter was many times the same day as that' on which the needed gift was asked.

One thing I observed at Mukti in connection with their prayers for special help. They always concluded with a prayer of thanksgiving and sang the doxology. When I spoke of it Ramabai said: "He is faithful that promised. He will supply all our needs. I believe we should praise as well as pray. I know He will answer our prayers in His own time so I always say' thank you' when I pray."

Ramabai, always wished to efface herself. "Not I, but He." But today, "she being dead, yet speaketh," for all over India her children in the Lord rise up and call her blessed. Many daughters have done virtuously, but she has excelled them all. In humble homes are happy Christian wives and mothers who without Ramabai's aid would have died of starvation or lived a life of shame in some temple of India. Scores of Bible women, trained at Mukti, are today giving the Bread of life to their less fortunate sisters. Nurses who learned from Ramabai the joy of service are bringing relief to suffering womanhood. Teachers in the schools of cities and villages of India are opening the eyes of the mentally and spiritually blind.

Time would fail me to tell of widows rescued from torture and suffering, of orphans saved from starvation, of unwanted girl babies often found at Mukti's gate in the early morning, of little blind girls

RAMABA1-TUE H1N!>U WIDOW'S FRIEND

RAMABAI, HER DAUGHTER AND SOME OF HER CHILD WIDOWS AND BABIES "lost" in the streets of India. Some of India's leaders were inspired by Ramabai's Christian faith and works. Among them were Soonderbai Powar, for years the head of the Zenana Training Home in Poona; Mrs. Nicambe, head of the Bombay school for high-caste child-wives, child-widows, and unmarried girls; Godubai, Superintendent of the Home for Hindu Widows in Poona; Miss Clillckerbutty, head of the Orphanage at Allahabad; Mrs. Ramabai Ranade, organizer of the Poona Seva Sadan, a society of nearly eight hundred women banded together for the uplift of Indian womanhood. These and many others received their inspiration from this pioneer of woman's work for women in India.

MEN OF CHINA AT AN INDEPENDENCE DAY CELEBRATION IN THE Y. M. C. A. P

Boys of the W orld*

A Message Broadcasted from New~rk, New Jersey, to the Boys of Amenca CHARLES R. SCOTT, NEWARK, N.•r.

State Secretary Boys' Work, Young Men's Christian Associations of New Jersey I T is with pleasure that I bring you the greetings of the boys of the world. The boys of England greet you; the boys of devas- tated and reconstructed France salute you; the boys of twelve other European nations not only greet you but plead with you for help. The Greeks, the Egyptians and the Abyssinian boys send their greetings. The thirty-four million boys of India, the forty million of China and the ten million of Korea and Japan all send greetings to the boys of America. Boys by the million of every color, race and creed look to America as the land of the free and crave fellowship with boys who have so many opportunities and privileges.

As we become better acquainted with these boys we find they differ in color, language, dress, food and customs, but at heart they are like the boys of America. With all our luxuries and waste we cannot conceive of the poverty and need in other lands, especially in Central Europe.

Think of the fifty million boys in twelve European countries from one-third to one-half undernourished. These boys at seventeen years of age are compelled to enter the army. Stop and think of what it means that Great Britain and Europe lost eleven million of their productive citizens and that 57 per cent of the young manhood of France were killed or are missing as a result of the war. The boys are taking the places of these men and are carrying the burdens of men before they are men; they are facing the temptations of men before they have men's strength and etcperience.

We met four classes of boys in every country. First-the school boys. While the percentage of illiteracy in most countries is very high yet we were impressed with the earnest desire on the part of the boys for an education. Their hours are long and the method of teaching is severe. They have no time for play and they have very few games. In most schools a period is devoted to physical culture which includes calisthenics, marches and other formations to fit them for military service.

The boys and younger men crave an education for they realize their responsibility. In Czecho-Slovakia the boys of the rural communities were crowding the big cities and making sacrifices unheard *E. M. Robinson and Mr. Scott recently returned from a tour in the interest of the boys of the world, visiting over one hundred cities and towns in twenty~four nationE. Mr. Scott gave the following address which was broadcasted by radio from Newark. This message reached boys of various centers as far west as Iowa.-EDlTOB.

.705 3

of in America for the sake of an education. They had no place to sleep so the Government appropriated four million kronens, for property, materials and for men but expected the students to do the work. These boys were so anxious for an education that each day at the close of their studies they made their way to the property and carried dirt, mixed mortar and did other hard work for four hours. All they received for their labor was a bowl of soup, piece of black bread and cup of coffee at the Young Women's Christian Associa- tion.

In Bratislava the Government has taken over an old building to b2 used as a dormitory for 500 boys and while they do not wish the public to see how the boys live we took a chance and quietly slipped into the building. We were amazed at the conditions under which these boys were living. In one room 15×15 we found the walls dark and gloomy; 3."~~31 no light or heat, no ventilation and here sixteen boys were sleeping on a tick filled with straw on the floor with very little covering. For their .IiM@!~1 meals they received a bowl of soup and a hunk of black bread with no butter. How many of our American I~~~~~~~;"";~r.;",~~~ boys would be willing to do this for the sake of an education ~ These 0.= A ROUMANIAN COUN~'nY BOY boys in school are j1~8t like the school boys of America but they have no boyhood.

In the second class are the working boys. They are real burden bearers. Boys in America know nothing about long hours and small pay. There are more working boys in China than there were soldiers and sailors on both sides of all fronts during the foul' years of the war. They are bound out by the apprentice system and eat, sleep and work in the same room. They work from daylight long into the dark hours of night for four years without pay. All they receive is a padded suit for winter, a cotton suit for summer, a little rice each day and a hard wooden shelf on which to sleep. At the end of the four years they receive $10 a month. In India the average income of two hnndred million people is $10.00 a year or 3 cents a day. They have no half holiday on Saturday nor any vacation in summer. J. C.

Olark of the Y. M. C. A. in Shanghai is gradually persuading' em- ployers to give the boys a chance and has arranged for boys to have one hour each week to learn how to play games. These working boys are just like the working boys of America but they have no boyhood.

Another class in almost every country are the homeless boys. In the streets of Bombay at all hours of the night we found boys sleeping on the streets by the hundred just like stray cats. We found! them in their rags, sleeping on the porches of the mosques. They had no home and no one to care for them. We visited a dirty alley in Cairo with Dr. Zwemer where we saw the blind boys. -When we asked why they had such a filthy place, we were told that they were blind and could not see the dirt so that the people thought it did not make any difference. Another class of homeless boys were the thousands in the orphanages as the result of the war. In Constantinople the WHERE BOME OF THE BOYS OF INDIA LIVE Y. M. C. A. is working in 20 orphanages with 6,500 boys-Greek, Turk and Armenian. What a pathetic sight! While they are in homes yet they are homeless. These homeless boys are just like our American boys b1d they have no boyhood.

One more group are the boys without food. Over 400,000 children in Bible lands are hungry all the time and at least 50,000,000 in 12 countries of Europe are underfed or undernourished. Fifty thousand boys in Austria are without proper food, and 3,500 students receive each day only a small piece of black bread and a cup of thin cocoa without sugar. This is provided by the students of America through the Friendship Fund. vVe saw one hundred and forty thousand Russian refugees, without a home and without food, selling everything they had for practically nothing and were impressed with the practical service rendered by the Red Cross. In the famine area of China, fifteen million were starving. We saw them wasting away and dying by the thousands. In one province 177 women and children were sold by their husbands and fathers. One could buy a Chinese boy for one dollar. These scenes were pathetic and reflect social depravity. These h?tngry boys are just like our Ameri';an boys but they have no boyhood.

When we think of the boys of the world' we must not overlook the thousands of needy boys in America-the colored boys, tho Indian boys, the boys of foreign parentage and those who have recently come to our shores. These boys aU hunger for friendship and need leadership.

1'here is a brighter side, for the Young Men's Christian Asso, ciation and other Christian missions are working with these bovs in every country. The black boy, the yeHow boy, the red boy, as w~ll as the white boy is responding to the Christian Citizenship Training Program. The Boy Scout Movement is in almost every country and many of these boys are intensely interested in their work. The Sunday-schools are organized all around the world and the numbeI of pupils attending them is increasing every year. We were greatly impressed with the far reaching influence of the Christian schools and colleges organized by the various denominations. There is need for greatly multiplying these agencies for good. In some places boys' camps are conducted under Christian auspices and are exerting a great influence. Many undernourished boys are in this way given an outing which results in building stronger bodies and giving inspira'- tion for high standards of Christian living.

While we were handicapped on account of not knowing the language, we were pleased with the way the boys warmed up to us, which revealed their craving for fellowship. They showed an enthusiastic interest in the Young Men's Christian Association pro· gram. They are hungry for leadership and the doors are wide ol)eil for Christian agencies to enter. Various governments are appealing to us, the school authorities are inviting us, the orphanages crave our help, and the Church has urged us to furnish leadership in building Christian character. lofTe have been richly blessed in America and cannot be indifferent to this can for heLp.

Dr. John R. Mott says: "Any idea or ideal which you wish to have dominate a nation must lay hold of thoughtful boys; the age of boyhood is the age that determines the future; history shows that character is determined in vouth." Theodore Roosevelt stated on more than one occasion: "Ilyou are going to do anything permanent for the average man, you must begin before he is a man-the chance of success lies in working with the boy and not with the man."

'When we realize these truths and know that the boys of other nations are just like our own American boys it behooves us as followers of Christ to present His claims. These boys are open-minded and are willing to study His life and program. I will never forget our visit to the International College in Smyrna and the interest the students manifested in the address by Mr. Robinson and their earnestness at the close of his message when they sang: "Just as I am, young, strong and free, 'I'o be the best that I can be For truth, and righteousness and Thee, Lord of my life, I come."

At Trinity College, Ceylon, we met a young student of eighteen who was chairman of the Social Service Committee. In 1918 he Wl'.S brought under the influence of a Christian evaillgelist and decided to follow Christ secretly for he knew such a decision would meet with strong opposition from his relatives. He soon determined, however, to confess Christ openly which brought the displeasure of his SOME OF THE BOY BURDEN BEARERS OF CONSTANTINOPLE father, also his uncle who was a high priest and head of a Buddhist seminary. Notwithstanding the fact that he received a sound beating and was disinherited, yet the boy stood true.

When we were traveling to Nanking a young Chinese salesman was seated next to me in the train and in the course of conversation he said in a very natural way: "You are a Christian." I replied in the affirmative and then he said: "I cannot understand so many religions in America." I soon discovered that he was confused with the various denominations and after I explained that we were all different families but serving the same Christ he then said: "You can sleep better when you are a Christian." I asked what he meant and he stated: " Jesus teaches to be honest; if you are honest you can sleep better because you have a clear conscience." I could see he was seeking the truth and for nearly an hour we had a good talk about the principles of Jesus. I addressed the students in a college connected with an old Ohinese temple where there were only 25 Ohristian young men among 450 students. The young man who presided was a non-Ohristian and at the close of my talk he urged the students to give earnest thought to the teachings of Jesus for he said: "Ohina must think of Ohristianity."

When we realize that the first Protestant missionaries landed in Japan in 1859 and that the New Testament in Japanese was first published in 1880 and further that religious liberty was given to the Japanese as late as 1889 and remember that there were only 10 Japanese baptized from 1859 to 1872 and compare this with the latest reports that 135,000 are now identified with the Protestant Ohurch we can see the rapid growth of Ohristianity.

Let me challenge e1?ery Christian man to give the boys the right leadership. If evil men deliberately plan to win and hold the boys, why will not Ohristian men with high motives set the example by Ohristian living and Ohristian service 1 "God send us men-God send us men! Patient, courageous, strong and true, With vision clear and mind equipped His will to learn, His work to do.

"God send us men with hearts ablaze, All truth to love. all wrong to hate; These arc the patriots nations need These are the bulwarks of the State."

Let me also challenge the boys. The conditions are so dreadful on the other side that if the boys of America get the vision they will rise to the occasion and think more seriously of life and its many opportunities and not let pleasure dominate their lives. The boys of other nations look to the boys of America as an example. By all means boys must give diligent thought to studies and to their preparation for life's work. "'Vhat is worth doing at all is worth doing well." Howard Arnold Walter, the Princeton hero who gave his life for the boys of India said: "I would be true for there are those who trust me, I would be pure for there are those who care, I would be strong for there is much to suffer, I would be brave for there is ·much to dare, I would be friend to all the poor and friendless, I would be giver and forget the gift, I would be humble for I know my wealrne!ls, I would look up and love and laugh and lift."

of Religious Tolerance in

BY ROBERT E. SPEER Secretary of the Board of Foreign Missions of the Presbyterian Church, U. S. A.

Whether or not Islam is breaking up in Persia or elsewhere I do not know. A religion which has lasted for twelve hundred years and which has laid hold on personal and community and national life with a thousand pervasive invisible bonds is not likely to break np over night. One hears both from Mohammedans and from others strong judgments as to the decay and disintegration of Moham- medanism, but then one hears the same kind of talk in the West with regard to the decay and disintegration of Christianity. We asked constantly in Persia for opinions as to the real facts. Were the pilgrimages diminishing 7 Were the revenues of the shrines and the mosques decreasing7 Did the people still pray in their homes or in their public places of prayer~ How were the fasts observed~ 'What was the influence of the mollahs and the mttjtahids? On these and similar questions one could present a body of conflicting testimony, but I believe the sound conclusion is that Islam as a religious force is weakening, but that as a political instrument to be utilized as an agency of nationalism it has stiffened greatly in Turkey and India. The stiffening is not so perceptible in Persia. Now and then there are evidences that the forms of Shiah Mohammedanism are being encouraged in the interest of political nationalism, but Persian character is so kind and easy going and everything is so unorganized in Persian life that any galvanization of Mohammedanism in a political interest is far more than offset by the disintegrating influences.

These disintegrating influences grow stronger and more outspoken. One of the paperi'! recently repressed in Tabriz was entitled Azad, or "Freedom." In its issue of J auuary 1, 1922, appeared the following article: "A Medicine for Those Tied to Moslem Ecclesiastics."

"Let all Persians, both religious and irreligious, read this. "Oh Persians of the Shiah sect, either you believe or you do not believe. But· those who do believe, let them give ear and hear what I am saying. How unworthy are those who confess that Islam is a religious system both spiritual and worldly, but who forget that a tree must be known by its fruits. While, as you say, this religion has the happiness of this world to offer as well as the coming world, yet in every point all Moslems over the world are low, poor, unclean, without civilization, foolish, ignorant and in general they are two hundred years behind American and European Christians and even behind the Zoroastrians. "If it were only in some places that we found Islam in this condition we might' attribute the results to some other reason but where we find Islam everywhere in the same condition we can see no other reason but Islam itself. This appears true to every man who looks at the question, because 711

Islam has lost the real Islam. The foundations of true Islam have been dropped and other superstitious things have been brought into their place.

"We Moslems must recognize that the very thing which has brought us to this point is that we have followed the faith of the ecclesiastics. Our learned and able men have understood that each age has its own ways and its own leaders and therefore every age must follow a new leader. And they think that their command is the command of God and His prophet. If the leader of a certain age says that paper money, for instance, is unclean; then no poor Moslem can touch paper money no matter how useful a thing it may be, and so of other things.

"Now let us see what great losses have been brought in our age by our following these ecclesiastics. Now I ask you advocates of Islam, can the judgment of one man be trusted to such an extent 1 Anyone with a little wisdom will say, No. Even more than that, are our ecclesiastical leaders ready to give up all selfish motives Y I am sorry to say, No! No! Now I pray all believers, let them bestir, arise and gird themselves, and find the rules of the genuine Islam which will be a great help for us in this world and the onc to come.

"Now for Persians who have no religion. You will say that Islam is not true, but do we not need something to hold together and provide for the welfare and progress of the country T You will say that we have no money and there is no unity in our country. What shall we do Y I say that we must come under the standard of Islam (but true Islam). Let us throwaway this following of the rnujtahids. I have heard that once upon a time a King of Persia was visiting at the court of King William of Germany, and after reviewing all the regiments of splendid troops he sat down to dinner and spoke to Kaiser William: 'What shall we do in order to make Persia .as successful as your country ~' Kaiser William answered: 'You can not feed one hundred thousand soldiers and you can not maintain order in your cities as we do, and you can not have manufacturing plants as we have, but you can do the following things that will be acceptable all over the world. First, :vou can refuse to tie yourselves as all the followers of one man and say that his command is the command of God and the prophet, and second you can treat your various tribes so that they will not be tools in the hands of your neighbor nations. If you do these things I assure you that your kingdom will be great.' Therefore arise and take your sword and dig up all those thorns which have grown up around Mohammed-may the blessings of God be upon him and his children-so that we may be blessed both in this world and the world to come. I shall be glad to receive any suggestions or any advice from any reader of this paper."

I met the editor of this paper and the writer of this editorial, and had several very interesting conversations with him. He does not believe in Mohammedanism at all. Kasha Moorhatch asked 'him with regard to this editorial, "Do you really mean that there is a true Islam 1" He replied, "No, there is no true Islam. I have merely spoken as though there were to save my head. I realize that there is no good in Islam." He told me quite frankly that there was no hope for Persia until the power of Islam was shattered. If I were free to do so, I could quote similar opinions from some of the most influen- tial leaders of the Near East. Among the Mohammedan ecclesiastics themselves there is grow- ing up in Persia an increasingly kindly and tolerant feeling toward

GROWTH OF RELIGIOUS TOLERANCE IN PERSIA

Christian Missions. M ollahs who have acted as language teachers to the new missionaries or as teachers of the Persian language in the schools have been brought near to Christianity, and some of them have openly accepted it. Wernet many mollahs in homes and in Christian services who were either openly or at heart Christians, and we had friendly talks with others who were ready to discuss temperately the claims of Christianity. During the Turkish occupation of Tabriz when Dr. Vanneman and Mr. Fred Jessup were imprisoned by the Turks, the two leading mollahs of the city were their strong defenders. One, the head of the largest Shiah sect, openly preached in the mosque on their behalf. He declared that he had known Dr. Vanneman and Mr. Jessup ever since they had come to Tabriz, and that he had never known anything but good of them, and that unless they were released he would take it upon himself to stir the city in their behalf. The other was the head of another Shiah sect, and he went himself to the Turkish pasha to speak for the missionaries. It was afterwards learned that the mollahs and merchants of the city had prepared a paper to present in behalf of Dr. Vanneman and Mr. Jessup in case they were court-martialed. In Hamadan the leading mollah of the city bought for the station the land on which the hospital and its residences stand, and tnrned it over to Dr. Funk. At the time of the Turkish occupation there the mollahs declared to the Turks that Dr. Funk must not be sent away from the city. -When Dr. Funk broke his leg and was confined to the house, his room would often be full of his white-turbaned mollah friends who had come to inquire after him.

An endless tale not of kind words only but of kind deeds also could be told, revealing the ever deepening good will and enlarging friendships which are binding together the missionaries of the Christian Gospel and these Moslem people of Persia who so greatly need and so truly deserve our love and help. It was a satisfaction to meet specially two Moslems from U rumia. One was the man who helped Judith David during the long weeks when almost single-handed she kept alive a terror-stricken company of destitute Assyrians in Urumia and could not have done so but for the loyal help Qf this humane man who is still doing all that he can to protect the property of the Mission in U rumia and to assure its return. He had just come to Tabriz from Urumia and drew a vivid picture of its ruin and its despair. He was returning to do what he could and when I thanked him he replied that he was glad to serve us and that what he was doing was not for the sake of protecting properties only but that the work of God in which he believed might go on. The other man was the one Moslem in Urumia who after the last dreadful massacre came to Dr. Packard and took him by the hand to escort him safely out of the carnage into the yard of the governor.

Noone has had a better opportunity to observe the changes that

have been taking place in Persia in the past twenty-five years than Kasha Moorhatch who, after his education in the mission schools in Urumia, took his theological course in McCormick Seminary and has for twenty-five years been preaching first to the Assyrians and of late years to the Mohammedans, with a wisdom, faithfulness and power which mark him out as one of the most useful evangelists of our day in the missionary approach to Islam. I asked him in Tabriz whether he would jot down some of the changes which he had seen and the rea- sons for them. This he was good enough to do as follows: "For 1,300 years Islam has been the seeming insurmountable obstacle in the way of Christianity and the greatest enemy to be conquered, for the reason that Islam has the appearance of the knowledge of God without the power and Spirit thereof. From my experience of nearly half a century as a preacher and from personal knowledge of this religion and nation, I can see that the walls of Islam are tottering to their fall. The great changes could be arranged under three heads: Personal, Social and Religious.

"(1) Personal Changes or changes in relation to the home and personal life in Islam. Not many years ago the home life and the way of living and dressing among Europeans was not only despised by Islam but looked upon as murdar (religiously unclean). A real Moslem was forbidden to dress and eat and live like a non-Moslem. I have heard Islam '8 ulema (doctors of the religious law), speak of Christian dresses as rnurdar, and so also Christian food; but now you will see the streets full of Moslems dressed like Europeans with necktie, collar, etc, and among the higher classes of people the women dressed entirely like Western ladies although they do not go out of doors without being veiled. The use of forks and knives, tables and chairs, and ornaments in the house like Europeans and the idea of educating their women are growing.

"In recent days there was a paper being published in Tabriz named Azad (Free). In one of its numbers, the editor, although speaking with taggiyah stresses very freely and boldly the cause of the decline of Islam. 'It is Islam itself. ' The present writer started some meetings in Teheran, now continued in Tabriz, in which the men and women sit, talk and eat together without the latter being covered or veiled. Although these meetings are not secret, they are continuing.

"(2) Social Changes, i. e., in their relation to non-Moslems. I remember well when it was impossible for a Christian to use the sacred greeting, (Salam alakum' (Peace be to you), to a Moslem. If by mistake a Moslem should give the same salam to a Christian, the Christian had to suffer for it. But today the use of this salam is common between Moslem and Christian. Twentv years ago it was impossible for a Moslem to shake hands with a Christia;;, but now, not only do they shake hands, but like Orientals, they quite often kiss each other. Then it was a death penalty for a Christian to speak before Moslem fanatics about the divinity of Christ, but now if a Christian is well informed in language and intelligent in speech, he can say openly that Christ is God-Man, the only Mediator, outside of Whom all else are sinners incapable of mediatorship. Then it was impossible to sit with Moslems at one table, but today among the higher classes it is very common and free. Twenty years ago it was dangerous to preach in one of the Moslem languages in the presence of Moslems, but today any intelligent man who knows the language can speak about the Trinity, the Atonement, the New Birth, and can openly cQudero.u Islam a.e a :reli~ion Qf pure formalism.

"(3) Religious Changes. To anyone who is acquainted with the foundation of Islam, it is clear that Islam is opposed to progress, civilization, equality and freedom and will therefore never accept the advances made by the intellect and civilization. Thus said to me a man by birth a Moslem, when I asked hi:(Il if he were a Mussalman: {Adami ki yek misgal agl darad, Mussalman bashad?' (Can a man who has an ounce of sense be a Moslem 1) In Caucasia the Moslems have translated the Koran into the common speech although this is contrary to their faith. There is a great awakening going on showing dissatisfaction with Islam. Many are looking back toward Zoroastrianism; many have gone astray to Bahaism; hundreds and thousands have gone toward rationalism; many are awakening to see the folly of the Muharrem and of pilgrimages to sacred shrines. There is talk among the intelligent party of starting a Protestant movement in Islam which looks toward a revision of Islam in order to reach the' real Islam.' My hope is that they will continue in their search, for at bottom they will reach nothing.

"I am sure that Islam has reached the days when it should fall. We need workers-intelligent, acquainted with Islam, and self-sacrifical III spirit.

"The causes of these changes may be noted as follows: "(1) Intermingling with foreign nations. In the last few years many Persians have gone west for merchandizing, education and travel, and many Western people have come to Persia for different purposes. Many native Christians who have been educated abroad or educated in mission schools have been having dealings with the Moslems. In seeing these things any intelligent Moslem must discover that there must be something behind Christianity that cannot be found in Islam. "(2) The wide work of Christian missions. From these missions many influences have scattered through preaching, education, medicine and social life. When an intelligent nation like Persia sees snch things they cannot help saying there must be some mystery in Christianity undiscoverable in Islam. "(3) The distribution of so many thousands of the Bible and religious tracts which give to mankind the highest ideal of life, not to be found in Islam. " (4) The work of travelling evangelists, who have preached the Gospel to thousands and have showed by their lives the power that lies in Christianity and not in Islam. "(5) The relief work. Although some foolish Moslems have a superstitious idea that Mohammed compelled the Christians to help the Moslem, the best and intelligent part of them have come to this thought: 'Really there must be something secret in Christianity not to be found in Islam.' "(6) The spirit of the Persian Constitution (mashruta). This spirit is the greatest blow against the tottering walls of Islam. The Constitution means freedom, equality, brotherhood which smites the foundations of this false religion. I say freely that Islam and the spirit of constitutional government are incompatible forever. "(7) The increase of education in Islam itself. Either this was borrowed from the west or from the American mission schools, with the result that a great many schools have been started for boys and girls on modern principles. I am sure that such schools, if they do not make Christians, will certainly make the children non-Moslem. "Advices for the future work: The plan is only one, started by Christ and followed by Paul and his companions, viz., to preach Christ and Him crucified. The object is one: to build up men in the stature of Christ. Suggestions: (1) Let all the mission institutions, such as schools, orphanages, ospitals, relief work, etc., find their proper place, :[Jet it be known that these

are not worldly institutions but Christian. The object of missionary work is not education of the world but to lead the world to Christ.

"(2) It seems to me that the time has arrived when instead of dissipat- ing our efforts in unrelated tours in which the one touring spends only a few days in a place and passes on to forget it for years to come, we should concentrate our efforts and systematize them by placing a missionary and a native helper in centers which can be used as a base of operations for the methodical touring of a whole district.

" (3) A special effort for the distribution of the Bible and tracts. "(4) To use as workers those who are orthodox in faith, zealous in the work, loving in their social life, skilled in preaching, acquainted with Islam, filled with the Spirit and self-sacrificing. '( (5) Great caution should be used in building the foundations of the Islam Church, because this nation believes and works by taggiyah (which permits freedom to lie if to gain a personal end favorable to one's self), under which wolves may creep in under the guise of sheep. Therefore there must be care and patience and examination into the real character and motive of those accepted into the Church as proselytes from Islam lest later we be shamed before God and men by too hasty admission of unworthy members. I cannot stress this point too strongly. Be sure that undue haste will bring us into unpardonable mistake."

Kasha Moorhatch's analysis of the causes was confirmed by many others. There has been a great seepage of Christian concep- tions into Persia. The mollahs have been judged by new canons of character, and Western conceptions of the separations of the Church and State have cut at the very foundation of the Mohammedan principle of their identification. As I sat in the Persian parliament one evemng and saw the score of mollahs there, constituting a small minority, and listened to one of their number debating ineffectually before a body which was regarding him not as a mollah, but as a man, I realized afresh over how wide a space the thought and life of Persia had passed since the young Sayids folded up their privilege in their brown abbas in the tea houses on the Kum road twenty-five years ago.

There is opposition and difficulty enough remaining, moral inertia, the terrible effects of the moral education and the social institutions of Islam, ignorance and fanaticism and sin. There is hostility as 'weB as hospitality. But as an able Armenian woman said to us in Tehe- ran, "The ground has been broken up and softened by the rain and is open for the seed. The old days of the hard, closed soil are passed."

Once again let the sower go forth and sow.

Christianity is not civilization; it is not the habit of attending Christian worship; it is not a philosophy founded on the sayings of Christ; it is not a philanthropic social movement of which He was the founder; it is not even the aggregate of beneficent forces represented by Christians. Christianity goes deeper than all these. It is root as well as fruit; it is rock as well as wall. Far more than the superstructure Christianity is the one "true and imperishable foundation. In a word, .Christianity. is Christ Himself. "For me to live," said Paul, "is"-not Christianity- "but Christ."-China's Millions.

OPEN AIR CHURCH SERVICE AT BATANGA, WEST

Building a Church in Africa BY REV. WILLIAM HERBERT lIUDNUT, D.D., YOUNGS'l'OWN, OHIO Recently Returned from a Visit to the West Africa Mission of the Presbyterian Church, U. S. A.

T HE building of a native church is a difficult task and its ac- complishment requires years of patient, devoted and undaunted endeavor. The work must be done, not with undue haste, nor yet with over-caution, which delays too long; for the native Church must learn wisdom through mistakes and must grow strong through success won from failure. Leaders must be trained with the utmost care; we must help to establish the Church organization and polity; we must give it the full Gospel; but always we must remember that it is a primitive church, a new chapter in ecclesiastical history, and that when its day of Pentecost is fully come it may bring forth a new Church order and a fresh interpretation of the Gospel of redeeming love. The missionary policy must not be to fetter and bind it with the strictures of the past or trammel it with foreign traditions. We are putting new wine into new skins and we must lead out this native church into the glorious liberty of the sons of God. Where shall we find a greater undertaking, or a more fascinating and alluring adventure for God? Indeed, when we face it and meditate upon it and allow our fancy to play over it, any inclination which one has ever had to pity the missionary will forever pass away and we will cono gratulate him upon his privilege in laying the foundations of the Kingdom of God.

717

It is my purpose here to tell briefly some processes in the building of the Bulu church in the Cameroun country of West Africa.

It was only some thirty years ago that A. C. Good first visited the Bulus. Up to that time they had never seen a white man and the sight of him filled them with fear. They offered to trade with him, but he told them that he had not come for trade, but to tell them the "Vord of God. He was a pioneer. He cut the first swath through the ;iung-Ie and let in the light that neV8r was on sea or land. That bush path blossomed with flowers more fair than any jungle orchids and fruits matured of greater worth than any tropical growth. Here it was revealed how beautiful upon the mountains are the feet of them that bring good tidings, that publish peace.

Our first impression of the African Church was received at Olama, where we attended a com- mnnion service on our first Sunday in the Cameroun. The people had been coming in from the out- :ltions for several days, trav " ing long distances, carrying their Enod on their backs in baskets. As we crossed the ferry over the Nlong RAW MATEmAL FOR AN AFRICAN CHURCH several native women AN ALBINO MAN AND BLACK WOMAN crossed with us. I tried to lift one of their baskets, which mus~ have weighed all of oig'hty pounds, and the little bright faced woman had carried it eight miles. Mr. Patterson, the missionary, was holding his all day session meetings in the school house, and I sat b(>side him for hours jotting down his interpretations of the life histories and Christian experiences of those who came before the session. The little woman whom I met on the ferry has been under supervision of the evangelist of her town for one year in the first catechumen class, the esulan. Now she is seeking admission to the advanced class, the nsambe. To enter this she must have a good report from the evangelist and must pass a satisfactory examination before the session. She answers the questions on the commandments in a very low, timid voice. She prays every day and believes God hears her, because He always answers her. On motion she is advanced.

The next is a woman, naked except for a loin cloth. She is in the advanced catechumen class and desires to unite with the Church but her acceptance is doubtful. The testimony is that she does not listen

BUILDING A CHURCH IN AFRICA

to the evangelist when he rebukes her for attending to fetish. She also does not keep her house clean, for she allows her son to live in her house and he is a polygamist. She replies that she cannot man- age her son. The decision is that she must again appear before the session three months later.

Here is a mother with a baby at her breast (Bulu mothers often suckle their babies until they are four years old). Her name is Obeng, meaning beautiful. Her daughter has gone to a marriage and her son has taken 500 francs dowery from the husband and she has been trying to get 100 francs more for herself. This is an exceptional price for a woman, the regular price being 350 francs. She says she wants to be a Christian and will give up this daughter palaver.

She will also pledge to support the church. The session votes to pass her into the nsambe.

The next woman seems to be past seventy, for she is thin and shrivelled and bas lost all her teeth. Mr. Patterson says that women of that age are very rare and he would put this one at about fifty. He says that as the women grow old they grow stupid. A tall man comes forward to testify about her. He says he is her son, BUILT INTO THE AFRICAN CHURCH but it turns out that she is not the mother who bore him, but his aunt '!'HE EEST NATIVE TEACHER IN THE MISSION who brought him up. He is a Christian and takes care of her. She is received into the church.

Next comes a man with a little boy. He has walked twenty miles.

Chief mama, a member of the session, is called to testify in his case, for while the man has another headman, his tribe is an inferior branch of mama's. He is charged with witchcraft in that he has killed animals and sprinkled the blood. He says that his brother did this, but admits that he assisted him. His case must be deferred until Dr. Patterson can go to his village and make further inquiry.

A woman comes seeking advancement, but she has not paid her dues and the rule is that no one can be advanced who has not met these obligations. Her brother-in-law, who is an evangelist, offers to pay, but that does not satisfy the condition. Another woman is accused of being lazy: she does 'nt look after her house and despises

her husband. He says that she hasn't ears for hearing him. It is admitted that she is naturally slow. They think that they can overcome their difficulties by trusting God.

Ewongo, an evangelist, brings his wife who is seeking advancement to the nsambe. Dr. Patterson remarks that his name means "the hawk" that swoOpS down and catches the meat. He replies that he is the man who catches the people for Christ, whereupon everyone laughs. He wears a suit of white under flannels, a shirt without sleeves and knee-length drawers. He claims that he paid 400 francs for his wife, but her elder brother, who is a heathen, claims that he has not paid. This accusation must be investigated to see whether this is a proper marriage, for no marriage is recognized as proper unless the woman's full dowery has been paid. So the examination continues hour after hour, sometimes lasting for two weeks-a very difficult and exhausting work.

One is impressed with the care taken in preparing these people for church membership. No one can be admitted under two years of probation, during which period the candidates must be regular in their offerings, must show their cards marked for regular attendance at the weekly prayer-meetings; must know the ten commandments and be able to answer forty-five out of sixty-eight questions from the Catechism. If a man is a polygamist he must put away all his wives but one, straightening out the dowery of each. Before being received each one must have the favorable testimony of his evangelist and of at least one elder. Most sessions also require evidence uf an earnest effort to bring others to Christ.

Viewed from this background the present membership of over 25,000 looms up not only as a great achievement but also as a great promise of future progress. It is true that this Mrican Church has never had a baptism of blood and we cannot know how it would endure such a sifting, how many would be faithful even unto death; but we know that it has had a baptism of fire and that there burns within it the Pentecostal flame. We must never forget the horrible pit of heathenism from which these people have so recently been digged. Many slip back and every communion season is saddened by the reading of the list of those who have been suspended or excommunicated, together with the reason in each case-adultery, fetishism or other forms of corruption and unfaithfulness.

In spite of all his falls and failings the Bulu is "incurably religious." Every Sunday we were confronted with great audiences, a large proportion of whom came long distances to church service. At the communions the churches were thronged. Sunday morning at Elat over 4,300 were present, and at Okon in the Ntom, over sixty miles from Efulen, the nearest mission station, there were over 2,200, half of whom at least had to sit outside the building. These crowds

19221 BUILDING A CHURCH IN AFRICA

were not unusual. At the previous communion in the Ntom there had been almost 2,000.

We were much impressed by the good order and quietness of these great audiences. The mothers nursed their babies and if one of them cried arose and took him out. I was surprised at how few were taken out. The congregations were reverent, attentive and responsive, not in any instance excitable or emotional. They never responded unless called upon to do so. At the Olama communion over one thousand recited the Ten Commandments without pause or prompting. The Bulu hymnology is not large as yet, but most of the great hymns of the Church are now included. Comparatively few of the people have hymn books and yet everywhere they sang the hymns, all of the verses, from memory. I have heard more accurate, but never more enthusiastic or worshipful singing.

Our Sunday at Batanga on the Coast deserves special mention. There they have no church building and several tribes with different languages dwell within the district. In the morning it rained and the big out-of-door meeting that had been planned had to be postponed. Instead of it there were about a half dozen group meetings, some of them tribal, each in charge of an evangelist. In the afternoon it cleared away long enough for the big meeting, which was held in a sort of natural ampitheatre, the whole of which was shaded and largely covered by the branches of a great clump of bamboo growing at the center. Beneath this a platform, with a rude shelter, had been erected for the missionaries, and in front of this platform over a thousand people were seated upon large bamboo poles, tier above tier in a great semi-circle. When I spoke there stood beside me two interpreters, one who understood English, a native minister, interpreted to the Benga, and the other an evangelist who understood the Benga, interpreted to the Bulu.

But even more impressive than the crowded Sunday services or the Thursday morning prayer meetings, were the sunrise meetings which are held regularly the year around in every station and outstation and in many little villages where there is no evangelist. At six 0 'clock throughout Bulu land just as the sun is rising you can see the Christians going to the church or chapel; presently you hear them singing, and in the quiet that follows you know that they are on their knees before God. These are the salt of that ancient earth impregnated with its immemorial corruptions; these are the leaven of that lump of nameless filth and sodden degradation; these are the lights of that land of darkness and mysterious shadows. Out of that land, still feeling the pressure of the thousands of black welcoming hands, our ears still filled with these hymns of the morning, our eyes still beholding these great throngs of devout worshippers, we have returned to America to tell the Church at home that the night is far spent, the day is at hand.

4

ASSEMBLED AT THE THIRTY-NINTH ANNUAL CONFERENCE OF THE INTERNATIONAL MISSIONARY

CLIFTON SPRINGS. NEW YORK. 1922 (For key to photograph. 8ee page 736)

Consciousness and the .Kingdom

THE ANNUAL CONFERENCE OF THE INTERNATIONAL MISSIONARY UNION RJ;:PORTED BY HENRIETTA HySLOP FERGl'SON, XENIA, OHIO The International Missionary Union to foreign missions since all itsmem- held its thirty-ninth annual meeting bel's have seen actual service on the at Clifton Springs, New York, May foreign field. Dr.Wolf pointed out that 31 to June 5, 1922, when more nationalism may raise itself to such a than one hundred missionaries, repre- prominent place as to crowd out Chrissenting fourteen denominations and tianity. The missionary's task is to three missionary organizations, met infuse that fine conception of true together for fellowship and praise. broth·erhood and nationalism that will j<-'ifteen different mission fields were transform the politics of any land.

represented, including Bulgaria, As- The missionaries were introduced sam, Ceylon and Micronesia. and a representative from each field The general topic for discussion this was asked to state the most stirring year was "The New National Con- and significant event in his particular sciousness and the Kingdom of God." field during the past year.

While the theme was world-wide in its Dr. A. L. Wiley of India said that scope, and every phase of missionary politically the Non-Cooperative Moveactivity was touched upon, effort was meht in India has created the most made to avoid an over-crowded pro- stir, but more significant has been the gram. As usual, three sectional con- Mass Movement. In the year just ferences were held simultaneously each past, 2,000,000 people have been bap- morning and were followed by an ti7.ed, but 5,000,000 more asked for open forum summing up the points baptism and had to be refu!>ed because discussed by sections. The evenings tht' Church had not made provision for were given over to swift surveys of training them. Money is needed, more the general situation in different than men from America, so as to emcountries. ploy native workers. If the Christian Church does not claim these seekers In the absence of Dr. David Bo- for truth, Mohammedanism will do so. vaird, Superintendent of the Clifton Springs Sanitarium, who was ill in If we take advantage of the present New York, Rev. L. S. D. Hadley, the opportunity there will grow up a acting Chaplain, extended greeting to native Church that will exceed the the Union, and spoke of the growing Church at home in numbers, and will national consciousness of China, its teach the West many things it needs age-long reserve and the awakening of to know.

the younger generation in that coun- Dr. C. J. P. Jolliffe, of the Canadian try. The Chinese, he said, have great lTethodist Mission in West China, told re,erve, but deep patriotism. Properly of the tendency among Chinese Christrained leadership in China today tians to claim more authority in the could accomplish immeasurable re- government of the Church, which he suIts, such as the Apostles accom- looked upon as a very encouraging plished in the early Church. feature of the work. Missionaries are slow to learn that the native Christians Dr. L. B. Wolf, Secretary of the United Lutheran Board of Foreign are as consecrated as the foreign mis- Missions, in his response for the mis- sionaries. sionary guests, called attention to the Rev. George Allchin of Japan unique place which the Clifton thought there has been too much Springs Conference holds in relation national consciousn!'ss in that country 723

for the past sixty years. What we more concentration on certain types want to see there is international con- of Christian educational work.

sciousness. The liberal and younger Missionary education was defined as element among the Japanese are in being conducted (1) to attract non- controL Christian work is almost en- Christian children; (2) to educate tirely in the hands of native Japanese, children of Christian parents; (3) to and so eager are the people for educa- develop a Christian community in each tion that hundreds, even thousands, area and (4) to bring to that com- are being turned away from institu- munity the first fruitage of Chriqtian tions of learning. The Japanese dele- leadership.

gates to the Washington Conference in Evangelistic Work 1921 were manifestly influenced by Christianity. While education and evangelism Rev. E. W. Koons of Korea said that may be distinct in thought, they can- the most truly epoch-making event in not rightly be separated. Some of the Korea during the past year is one that interesting facts brought out were (1) had not yet occurred-namely, The The French policy in mandatory areas Young Women's Northfield Confer- is to establish the French language, ence, to be held in Seoul in July. The mther thRn the vernacular, in all mis- olde,t Mission in Korea, the Presby- sionary educational work; the Britisr terian, was asked to send one of its policy is more liberal, never seeking to women missionaries to conduct an suppress native languages. The Jap- hour's daily Bible class. In Korea, anese Government has been ver"

everything that has made for advance friendly to Christian evangelistic is a matter of one generation since the work, even offering material assistance, first missionaries went to Korea in (2) In China, generally, the people 1884. are not satisfied with purely religious Miss Bessie Howland of Chile re- instruction, but demand higher eduported that the past year had seen a cation. (3) Some missions in Japan, great advance in systematic'work for which began without schools, have found themselves obliged to establish women and children, most important educational work A high percentage of which was the opening of a Baby of the graduates of mission schools in Dispensary in Concepcion on May .Jflpan become Christians. Efforts to avoid overemphasis on denomination- 8th. Concepcion is said to have the alism have resulted in the organization highest infant mortality of any city in the world. of the Church of Christ in Japan, Educational Work made up of the converts of the various Presbyterian and Reformed Churches, Dr. Frank Sanders led the sectional This Church is now fifty years old. and discussion on the relation of educa- numbers 38,000 communicants. Simtional work to the growing national ilar organ izations have been formed consciousness, the influence which edu- of Methodist Episcopal and I.utheran cation has had in making social changes and in other development in groups. The chief aim of all evannative races. Reference was made to gelistic work was agreed to be the esthe various educational commissions tablishment of the Church of Christ to India, China and Africa in recent as an organization to bring' Christ to years, and the significance of the serv- the people, and to establish the Kingice rendered by them. Among the dom of God in the world.

paramount needs of missionary edu- Medical Work cation in India are (1) a better Dr. Matilda Hunt, a native Indian trained missionary leadership; (2) doctor, gave a sketch of the Lady better organization on the field; (3) Dufferin Movement, begun in 1885, more careful supervision and (4) when Queen Victoria commissioned

NATIONAL CONSCIOUSNESS AND THE KINGDOM

Lady Duffcrin to raise a fund to build effort is really secondary Ohristianity.

medical schools for women, and five The primary work is the planting the such institutions are the result. Girls seeds of the Gospel which will bear in India may now receive recog- fruit in many forms. Certain dangers nized medical training. Lady Duf- connected with philanthropic work ferin believes that Indian women were recognized, chiefly that of mis- understand conditions as English placed emphasis. This has been a women fail to do. From that be- cause of dissension on the mission field. ginning has sprung up a movement The Young Men's Ohristian Associathat has reached every part of the tion has been especially criticised for peninsula, that is, the Women's Med- giving emphasis to secondary things. ical Service of India. A large fund Famine relief is usually given in the has now accumulated. This is one of form of opportunity for self-help, the most beneficent institutions ever such as building roads to make posfounded by women for women but it sible better distribution of supplies. is not missionary in its ·aim. Doctors People seeing this have a new conunder its control must not try to Ohris- ception of Ohristianity. The college tianize, and therefore many prefer to women of Peking opened a refuge near work in connection with missions at a Paoting-fu and cared for 280 chillower salary, where they are free to dren; educated, clothed and fed them give the Ohristian message. The Fund during the famine. It is the Church has done much good in relief of suffer- which has originated all relief measing, and has an educational aspect as ures. well as a social one. Physicians work- The need for improved agricultural ing under this fund are of superior methods is urgent in both India and and lower grade, the first recruited Ohina. A special need is re-foresta- tion. The government of China is doefoltirely from English women, drawing ing something along this line; also h.lgher pay and receiving higher pen- Nanking University and jt is on th~ SlOns than the lower grade which is program of Peking University. The recruited from native women. This haq been a cause of much ill feeling. Ohinese can teach the West in inten- sive farming, but are totally lacking Miss Manderson was asked about the in 8cientific methods. value of the Rockefeller plant in Peking, and said that many doubt the Mission schools must keep up with wisdom of co-education .in medical government standards. and must in- classes, since the sexes have not been clude Bible study. This leaves no taught together at an earlier age. The room for vocational training. It must institution in Peking has not yet grad- be remembered also that in America uated a class. and plans are constantly trades like carpentry, plumbing, etc., are well thought of since those who being modified. follow them have a standing in the Philanthropy community. Not so in Ohina where All present at the discussion of no real student would think of taking philanthropic work were from Ohina. up these trades. The opportunities The difficulty of differentiating be- for placing students outside of mission tween philanthropic and all other schools are therefore very limited. forms of missionary work was recog- About all that can be done at present nized. By elimination medical and in teaehing trades is to create a new women's work must be excluded. Phil- attitude of mind among children anthropy was thought to include all under twelve. Unlimited opportunity welfare work, factory and industrial for trade instruction is, however. to be work, famine relief, organizing social found among the very poor of Ohina.

service societies and any emergency Literary Work measures; also, cooperative banks, The provision of proper Christian sllch as those in South India. All such literature on the mission field is an

almost baffling task. It must, how- for older women for this work-those ever, Ire faced with more confidence in with actual experience in life. the next decade because (1) administrl1tive committees on Christian lit- In Africa it has proved wise to emerature at home are well organized ploy only older women as Bible and aggressive; (2) each mission area workers. is being equipped with efficient organization for preparing, publishing When women come to America to Hnd distributing Christian literature study social service many return eduand (3) the preparation of this lit- cated away from their own people, erature follows the pedagogical prin- hence it was not thought practicable ciples which have transformed the to bring these young women here. The Christian literature pnt out for use in most promising among women stuthe homeland. dents are usually trained for school work and more training s'~hools for The disenssion brought out the need older women are greatly llPeded. in Guatemala for a good working outfit; in China for a literature which Missionary Administration can meet the "New Thought" movement an<1 for literature in the new A discnssion of the relation of the eolloq'niallanguage. In all lands there Board to the missionary on the field i~ need for good tracts on self-support, brought out the fact that, in many inthe work of the ministry and for a stanr;es, authority that used to he witll better hymnology. The subject de- the Board has now been turned over veloped an interesting diseussion on to the Mission. In India, under the native talent and its use with caution Presbyterian Board, there is an under in the prodnetion of Christian hymns. secretary and Council on the fi31d. Everything relating to finance must Women's Work be referred to the Board at home. The same is true in China. The Coun- The political unrest in all lands was cil determines where missionari"s are to be located. The same method is folsaid to account for the difficulty of lowed by the Amprican Board. The return of missionaries to the fi~]d is getting native women to attend now largely under mixed control of missionaries on the field and natives. (:hureh. The Brethren follow mueh the samp plan as the Presbyterian. Their budl1rs. A. W. Wiley of Vengurle, g:et is made up on the fi~ld and sent homp tor ~Pllroval. India, said thAt thousands of girls are The Baptists have a conference of still being married to temple gods and missiona.ries which (lops not include natives and a Telugu Bantist Convenare brought up to lives of shame. tion hm, been organized in which mis- Rion~.rips are not members but guest~. Often pm'ent~ ask a gift of the gods, In th~ Reformed Church in Am"rvowing that if granted they will de- ira. 8vangelifltic work is handed over fl) a committep eflually composed ilf vote one daughter. usually the eldest, missionaries and natives. A mission treasurer holds aU funds except in to the templc. This life of templc the ('ase of schools. Missionarie!l are appointpd on a life contract. There lY.i1'lR has b~cn suppressed in lIysore. is no action to change this status un- less an acute case develops. One encouraging advance was noted, Under the Canadian Methodists all namely, that the age of consent has a'ppointments to stations are in the power of the Council on the field. bepn raised re('ently to eig-hteen years Native Christians are not on this in British India bv the Indian Nation- al Council. .

Bible womrn in Japan must be grad- 11ate, of a mission school and a Bible training school. The standard is equivaleut to that for primary teach- ers. For some homes Bible women are reriuired who have had high school and college training. It. is unsafe for very young women to go alone into some homes. A strong plea was made

NATIONAL CONSCIOUSNESS AND THE KINGDOM

Council, but have their own Confer- "When I took that story into my ence. Estimates are all made on the heart something broke inside. I have field. and maintenance estimates are lost the appetite for drink; I am going always granted. In all the inner to build a temple and worship God."

working of the Mission there is an The man was baptized and received understanding that the Council has a into full membership of the Church.

free hand. He went back to his village and at the In Guatemala there are no natives end of a year he had won fourteen on the Council. All administration is outcastes to a saving knowledge of in the hands of the Mission and Christ, had started a village school natives have no control, except of the Hnd insisted on the villagers keeping funds which they contribute. the Sabbath for worship. The head man had iSSUed an ultimatum that h~ The Reformed Church in America must stop preaching or have his head .reserves the right to veto any measure smashed. Seizing a club and putting against any group of missionaries, but his head on a block, the convert said: while in theory the Board has this "Smash my head if you like, but in power, actual decisions are governed three davs I will rise from the dead by mutual understanding. The great and come back to preach again. " The problem is to preserve a balance on the head man realized he was in the presfield between medical, philanthropic, ence of a mighty power, and looking educational and evangelistic work. around on the multitude of 5,000 he said: "This is a good man. Let him It was suggested .that we should en- go his way in peace." For thirty deavor to preserve the spiritual touch years this man has preached the Gosof the Home Church through gifts. pel and continuE'S to do so without Back of this money are many earnest hindrance. The love of God creates prayers, and missionaries on the field a new sense of responsibility, and nc should explain to the people how this power can check its revolutionary money is collected; should try to make force. them see the difficulties in America, the sacrifices involved, just as mission- Rev. H. K. lfiller of Japan said that aries try to make those at home see tlw nationalistic spirit in that country the difficulties on the foreign field. If is giving evidence of a reaction toward the money could be used on the field closer coopC'ration with the missionwith the same spirit of sacrifice in nries than ever before. One of the which it is given it would bring forth ways hy which the Church of Christ fruit a hundredfold. in ,Jllpan crlehrated its fiftieth anni- Christianity and Nationalism versary was hy organizing a joint Bonrd of missionaries and Japanese An open forum was held each morn- for the control of evangelistic work.

ing following these sectional merting's. The plan originated in t"he mind of a Mr. Laflamme was in charge of this man known before as almost anti-mis· forum on Thursday morning, and told sionary.

an incident of his earlv missionary The American Board has placed itf, experience to illustrate the transfor~­ evangelistic work almost entirely ing force of the Gospel. He had nnder the direction of the Japanese.

preached his initial sermon in an In~ Two tendencies are noted: first, natdian village, where the entire audience ionalism is moving ,rapidly toward was intoxicated. He was driven from separ3tion from missionary control the village, but the following morning and on the other hand there is a rea man who was said to have been con- action in favor of cooperation.

tinuously drunk for twenty years came Dr. Wiley of Vengurle said that the to say that that was a very wonderful All Jndia Christian Association did story he had hoord the night before- not endorse the Non·cooperation Move- OOW God so loved the world. Said he, ment, but that a great many Indian

Christian leaders are in favor of non- divided into feudal states, with no cooperation. The Christians generally idea of relationship to other natiolls. believe in home rule or in having a In modern times a reaction has come, greater voice in the government. hut the people are not sure they have Silence does not mean that Gandhi has found the right way. They are as lost his hold; India has dropped into anxious to have a share in the settlehis leadership. He can still issue an ment of world problems as to increase order and it is obeyed at once. The their own prestige. Nationalism may difficulty is that people are not pre- have Christian implications, but is pared for non-violent non-cooperation. animated by a secular spirit. Japan's Bloodshed is bound to accompany it. ideals are still pagan, and she is not Gandhi has never said anything in a position to idealize international against Christianity. He owes much relationships.

to it, and the whole situation is hope- Rev. Wm. Seiple added that naful. The Indian Secretary of Free- tional consciousness in Japan had its dom secured twelve signatures of roots in the past. The people do not United States congressmen to a paper realize that what they need is the pledging American sympathy and sup- spirit of Christ. The warrior caste port so far as possible to the Indians has always been predominant. Under in gaining their freedom from British the influence of Christian missions rule, but our congressmen know noth- there has arisen a group of men iming of conditions there. Americans bued with the ideals of Christianity, should be very careful. but they have as yet no articulate Dr. Wolf thought that national con- voice in the affairs of the nation.

sciousness in India is putting Gand- Many feel the wrongs keenly, but are hi's ideas over into Christianity. God powerless to prevent them. There is has built up great nations like India, no moral or religious dynamic to carry China and Japan for His purpose, and forward programs of reform. The He will use Gandhi for building His Gospel of Christ is the one thing that Kingdom in India. We Christians can hold the nation together.

should make use of the tendencies of Miss Katherine Crane of Peking said thc times. If God used Cyrus, He can that the anti-Christian feeling' in use this new national consciousness in China would not have come about but India to bring about His purposes of . for one thing. Intellectual leaders in grace. rationalistic philosophy have been gD- Rev. E. W. Koons stated that it has ing out to China. to lecture in the not always been the great nations that universities to students who are wholly have revolutionized the world. It was unable to combat their position. We a "pocket handkerchief nation" that should send to China conservative overturned the existing order of Christian intellectual lead.ers Ito things. Siam has a national conscious- connteract this.

ness; Korea also has one. It is to be Nationalism has not developed to met with in every conntry, not only in great nations. Foreign missionaries any great extent in the outlying discan do very little with national con- tricts of the empire. There is, howsciousness, but should look with sym- ever. an aversion to a few foreigners pathy upon it. One must not forget coming to control affairs. The people that homogeneity makes a nation. admire the missiona.ries, and the work India and China are made up of many they do, but object to their dictatorial methods. They think there should be types, but God works out His purposes morc cooperative work. Most foreign through little homogeneous groups relationships with China, politically, like the Galilean peasants. have been such as to arouse their sus- Dr. Henry K. Miller, in an evening PICIon. Can we sanction the kind of session, gave a summary of Japan's nationalism that we exemplify in history. Up to 1868 the country was America f Students who come here

1922] NATIONAL CONSCIOUSNESS AND THE K'INGDOM

talk on this wise; missionaries come otherwise expect increasing liberality.

to China and tell us all the good things Missionaries can show a better way as about Christianity. America must be they travel about.

a fine place, since it is a Chrstian This brought up the question as to country. When one has to admit that h~w .much i~ being done to bring the not more than 40 per cent of our mlsslOnary III contact with the home people are even professing Cyhoruistciaonms~ churches. llany congregations look they say: "Then why do upon the missionary as a parasite. It to our country to preach Christianity 7 was th01~ght by. some that the pastors Preach it at home." are afratd to gIve the missionary an opportunity to speak. There should National Oonsciousness and the Ho~e be more linking up with the tiBmoeartd~ Church so as to use the missionary's . At the open forum on Friday morn- best advantage. As a rule, women's mg D.r. Wolf asked a series of leading boards have better schedules than the questlOns; among them: How relate men's, and women's meetings were the new national consciousness with thought to be more stimulating than the home churches ~ How develop a are the men's. Busy men want the sense of responsibility in the home thing laid down in a business-like way. churches for directing this conscious- Put the best talent into missionary ness 1 What must the home churches talks, and missionaI'Y ·interest will do to fulfill their obligation? come up. The furloughed missionary should first of all go to his Board room Three suggestions were offered, for a thorough physical examination, namely: missionaries on furlough a?-d should then be given some objecshould stimulate the home churches; tIve work. There should be a special money must be 'contributed and the department for each Board to look Church should Rend out a true mes- after the missionary while on fursage, that shall ring with the very lough. Booklets are now being pubheart of the Gospel. Missionaries are lished along this line. needed who will live out the life of Jesus Christ. They should not go D(eD1orial Service with the expectation of occupying high places, but of exemplifying the life of A half-hour was spent in memory of the :Master. Thig would 'count13ract those members of the Union who the anti-white feeling that is taking passed to their rest during the year. shape in India. Jesus Christ com- Names were read and various memmissioned His followers to witness for bers present remembered them with Him as martyrs. The Church has words of praise for their unselfish failed largely in this respect. victorious lives. Of Bishop Harris it was said: "More than anything else Mr. David McConaughy exhibited he was an example of the 'love that a series of stewardship charts to show thinketh no eviL'" The following the size of the missionary task and the twenty-two names were recorded on inadequacy of the means of meeting this list: it. Too much emphasis has been put on the mere giving of money, the India sending of men and the number of MRS. Lucy D. OSBORN of the M. E.

converts. The missionary enterprise Chure-h. . First signer of the I. M. U. regisis not purely a business affair, and ter at NIagara Falls, 1884. Died winter of results must not be tabulated in the 1922. 1885 1. M. U. same way as in ordinary business. BISHOP JOHN EDWARD ROBINSON, Mis· sionary bishop of the M. E. Church in .The insistence should be on great fun- India. 1892 1. M. U. damental principles. A comprehen- MISS ELLA J. TAYLOR, of the Women's sive plan of missionary education will make the Church really intelligent to Baptist Missionary Society, appointed 1888 1.0 Sgaw Karens in Moulmein, Burma. Died in Sanger, California, Feb. 12, 1922. Joined deal with its problems, and we cannot I. M. U. 1897.

MRS. F. P. HAGGARD, Assam 1893-1900. tive fields. Mrs. Seiple expressed sur- Joined 1. M. U. 1919. prise at finding so much misunder- I'obnding, even among missionaries at MRS. C. A. NICHOLS, Bassein, Bnrma, 1879 to 1887. n,p Conference, as to actual ('onditions Siam in Japan in regard to womer_ 's work. ,Japan is still far behind. Boys are all DR. J. H. FREEMAN, Siam 1892, Presbyterian Bd. 1910 1. M. U.

Mexico important, girls are of no value. Par- MRS. SARA A. BUTLER, Mexico, 1878, M. E. Pllts will say their family consists of Japan thrt'C' children and two girls. A girl BISHOP MERRIMAN C. HARRIS, Japan and may be sold to factory employees, and Korea. 1908 I. M. U. M. E. 1873. told that she will be able to liquidate REV. HERBERT W. SCHWARTZ, M.D. Japan the debt, but the employer sees to it 1884. 1902 1. M. U. M. E. that she never does so. Her life in a factory is most degrading. Girls are He was called by the late Bishop Harris, "The fireside Evangelist."

REY. ARTHUR W. STANFORD, 1886. A. B. housed in dormitories, and instead of C. F. M. 1886-192n. Editor and business providing matrons for these buildings, agent. 1. M. U. 1907. Died July 8, 1921. midwives are employed. There is as yet not much public sentiment against MRS. NELIJE S., Wife of REV. GEORGE licensed prostitution. Christianity ALLCHIN, A. B. C. F. M. Japan 1882-1917. I. M. U. 1921. Died Dec. 20, 1921.

China only will bring this about. One hope- REV. .THfES B. COCHRAN, China 1898-P. ful thing is that Japan has at last made a law to help women in the di- 1912 1. M. U.

REV. R. M. MATEER, China 1881-P. vorce courts. A man must write out 1889 1. M. U. three re2sons why his wife must go. A girl cau be free from a life of REV. ROBERT C. TREUAN, China 1911. prostitution if she writes a letter ask- M. E. 1915 I. M. U.

MISS ELSIE M. GARRETSON, China 1880.

A. B. C. F. M. 1894 1. M. U. Formerly ing for it. Principal of Foochow Women's College. 1. M. U. 1894. Died March 4, 1922. Mrs. Koons said that in Korea twenty years ago no educational work Africa for women was carried on except in a REV. R. H. NASSAU, M.D., D.D., S.T.D. few main centers. Since the Japanese 1861-1906. Died Dec. 1921. P. occupation there are public schools for girls. The young women have Turkey R.w. THO'lAS D. CHRISTIl<', D.D. Presi- taken as large a part in the independdent of St. Paul's College, Tarsus. Went to ence movem('nt a1': the lllen, and have Turkey 1877. I. M. U. 1894. Died May 25, come to the front as leaders in all 1921.

MISS CYRENE Q. VAN DUZEE, from 1865 lines. to 1881 under A. B. C. F. M. in Turkey, Mrs. Hadley of Peking spoke of the then t~ansferred to the Pres. Board. remain- valne of the home in missionary eliort. A woman of her acquaintance advised ing in Turkey till 1897. I. M. tr. 1894.

Died Oct. 8. 1921.

MI5S HARRIET G. POWERS, Turkey from her to make a budget of her time, ]868 to 1919. 1. M. U. 1899. Died Oct. 27, saying that she allotted so many min- 1921. A. B. C. F. M. utes to this and that, and spent forty- five minutes daily with her children. Balkan Mission REV. ROBERT THOMSON, Bulgaria 1881- What happens to the missionary's 1920. 1. M. U. 1903. Died July 18, 1921. ehild, if left to a native nurse 1 A loss Korea to the missionary ranks in the rising MISS LULU E. FREY, Seoul, Korea, 1893. generation is sure to result. Mrs. I. M. U. 1899. Died Dec. 1921. M. E. Woman's Board. Hadley felt that the best thing they had done on the mission field was to W oDlen's Meeting establish their home, because the friendships formed through the con- At a special meeting several women tacts in the home enabled them to folmi.ssionaries were asked to tell of con- low up the impressions from the street ditions among women in their respec- preaching and other work. Many who

NATIONAL CONSCIOUSNESS AND THE KiINGDOM

see what 11 Christian home means are Miss A. W. Owen explained Why a eager to reproduce such a home. The hymn book had been prepared for family basis is the most fundamental women in India and sang some of with which the missionary has to deal. the songs. When the men have been baptized they are eager to have their Mrs. R. H. Evans of West Africa wi ves become Christians, but they are staten that 60 or 70 per cent of the too ignorant to read and study for women there are childless because of themselves. They love to sing, and diseases brought by dissolute white these songs were especially prepared men. It is always a joy when the for them. The first line of one song mission doctor can make it possible was" J eSllS Christ has saved my soul. " for one to bear children. The educa- Another began: "The river of life is tion of girls is greatly hindered be- long and deep; my boat is old and cause they are sent off to be married frail, but Jesus Christ has arranged at the age of twelve, but even African for safe transportation." For Mogirls are coming into their own and hammedan women a different type of a sound liberal education must be pro- song is prepared. "Alas! Alas! What vided for them. Evangelical mission an astonishing thing has happened. work has had a phenomenal growth. The sin was ours, but the beloved Son Here also the women benefit most. Last year at the time of the visit of a of God has suffered for us." Chris- Commission from America, the women tian women are very fond of our took one minute each at the regular hymns, translated into their own lanafternoon service to tell why they guage. were glad to have Christianity. Two or three were on their feet at once. Dr. Hunt told of an acute problem Among other things they were thank- in India's large cities, such as Madras, ful for Christian husbands, for shelter, Calcutta and Bombay, where are for comfort in sorrow, for homes and found unspeakable slums with every 1'01' children. sort of orgy. Sanitary conditions defy In Chile. definite work for women description. Every law, human and was the last to be started, according divine. is broken. In 1911 ten thouto ]fiss Howland. There are now sand children who could neither read nor write were found living in these fairly good schools for girls through- surroundings. There is no free eduout the country. In 1914 Bishop cation in British India. To some, this was a blot on British prestige; Rtuntz RtNrtea'H student hospital for to others, the sight of so many little girls. and there have been definite con- ones such objects of destitution was versions as a re~lllt. Something simi- not to be endured. So there came an lar has been done in connection with appeal, signed by five viceroys, for Concepcion College. After the Re- money to extend the scope of the pubgional Confprence in 1916 there was lic schools and provide scholarships. talk of starting a training school for Because of the war, this appeal fell on nurses, but this has never material- evil days. Not one missionary society ized. The original plan changed to had any definite work for this class, one of starting many smaller enter- hut at last a movement was set on prises in many different places in- foot which embraced every missionary stead of one large work in one place. organization in Great Britain, Canada Circles were established, with teach- and the United States to build a ers, to improve home life. A public bridge hetween the' school on the hill top and the child in the slum, to save dispensary has recently been started. growing girls and place them beyond There are good doctors and good pub- danger. It has been in existence only lic hospitals in Chile, but no wards a short time, but already support is for the poor and "evangelicals" are il.ssured for a few children. not well treated. Mission hospitals are greatly needed,

Signs of Promise not eat them, so they drink them; but prohibition is making steady prog- Guatemala, said Rev. James Hayter, ress. Woman's 'suffrage has not yet is about the size of New York State, been adopted. and has 2,000,000 people, 1,500,000 being Indians descended from the Az- As for Africa, Rev. R. H. Evans tecs. Only about 3 per cent can read thought it was difficult to connect the and write. The Bible has not as yet Africans with a national consciousbeen translated into the Indian lan- ness, as they have very little aspiraguage, and they could not read it if tion in that direction. No national it were published. Most of the 150 leaders have arisen, although some missionaries there are undenomina- would like to be considered as such. tional. There are indications that Missions arc creating an at~osphere soon there will be a federation of all that will be favorable to an expression Central American states. This has of national consciousness later. The failed of accomplishment hitherto be- tribal feeling is passing and a unified cause it has always been prompted by sentiment is taking its place. There the clerical party. Whatever the is developing a certain spirit of inelericals essay to do is bound to fail. dependence, Bolshevism perhaps, a re- Guatemala was delivered from three volt against the white man's domihundred years of Roman rule in 1871 nance, keenly felt in the Cameroon. when the President expelled the This may be a hopeful sign, but with Jesuits. The government is now made it has come a loss of respect for auup of members of the Masonie Lodge, thority which existed under German which is bitterly antagonistic to the regime. In the native churches it is Roman Catholic Church. There is more and more difficult to hold the reason to hope that since 20,000 evan- people in line. Africa is perhaps gelical Christians have been won most responsive to the Gospel of all under the former unfavorable condi- countries, and now is the time to reach tions, not only may Guatemala be the people. In the Cameroon almost made Protestant, but also missionaries all boys between the age of ten and may be sent from there to other parts twellty years are in school, and can of Latin America. As an evidence of read and write their own language; the government's friendly attitude some are even learning French. A toward mi~sion work, Mr. Hayter said few years ago all the missionary had that stamps are furnished free to send to do was to shake the tree for the out Christian literature, publish-ed at fruit to fall; now he' must do some the mission, to every part of the world. hand picking.

Rev. Harry Compton, who was sent Dr. Wiley said that not all India's to organize state and normal schools unrest is due to missions. Among in Chile, Argentina, Ecuador, Panama other forces contributing to it have and Uruguay, was careful not to leave been the various educational schemes the impression that the national con- and the Japanese victory over Russia sciousness of those countries had -what IJothrop Stoddard called" the changed because of the influence of breaking up of the solidarity of the missions. Wilson's policies, he thought, white races." There grew up a deand the statesmanship of Harding and termination. to end the dominance of Hughes, have made those countries the white race in Asia and Africa. what they are today. The Minister of The Gandhi propaganda is not alto- Public Instruction in Chile said: gether anti-British, but partly anti- "What we desire is to multiply such white. While the British have made people as you missionaries one hun- many mistakes in India they have dred times." been, during the last hundred years, one of the greatest missionary forces Miss Howland mentioned the curse in the world. 'fhere are more Chrisof strong drink in Chile.' So many tians in India as a result of missionary grapes are grown that the people can-

NATIONAL CONSCIOUSNESS AND THE KINGDOM

effort than in all other modern mis- native churches on tne field. How sion fields combined, and if the British shall the missionaries best further the Government had not been there this Kingdom of God through their orcould not be true. ganizations on the field' How shall they relate themselves to the rising The real problem in India today is churches? What attitude shall they not a government problem-that will maintain toward their Christian assobe settled-Islam is the problem. If ciates who are in the employ of the that is not properly met, we must face Mission, and to those who are not paid a greater war than the world has ever by the Mission? Shall the nationalseen. A Mohammedan official in India istic type of mission assert itself? said to Dr. Wiley: "You Westerners Shall the missionaries yield themhave taken from us Mohammedans all selves to the shaping of the churches political power in Africa and South- in which the nationalist features shall eastern Europe, but the time is com- express themselves? ing when we will win it back. After Western nations disarm, we will take Weare now face to face with the Europe and the world for Moham- problem of the native church as it medanism." Great Britain must re- emerges in the nation. Shall there main in India until she can establish emerge a Japanese Ohurch, a Chinese a government that can withstand Church, etc? To what extent have Mohammedanism. The Christian missionaries thrown responsibility on Church is, after all, the means the natives for the administration of through which God must work to funds? settle these questions. In .Japan some missionaries have Dr. Hunt analyzed some of the said they would go home if they ever causes of estrangement between the Indians and the British. Britain was came under the authority of the Japaat one time a far off, mythical land; nese. Others believe that the responsithe Britishers were almost demigods. bility belongs to the natives. The Then the Indians began to travel, to great need is to avoid friction. Some get an education and a world of new plan that satisfies the native ought to ideas was opened up. Presently the be adopted, even if imperfect. Where demigods were seen to be made of there is a disposition to accord what clay. Some Britishers said these people feel is their right the work Indians ought to be kept out of Eng- goes along smoothly. The American land. They get upset and go home Board has handed over one-half of its and upset everything there. Others authority in North China, and there said education should be kept away has never been a division. The time from the Indians; then you will have must come when a mission must disa quiet; docile people. Many of the appear, as distinct from the native flower of the race are to be found Church, but the development of an among the officials of India, but many autonomous Church must be gradual. are not "builders of empire," but wreckers of empire. Estrangement The United Free Church of Scothas grown until a great gulf now land oppoints native workers on the yawns. It will never be bridged. same basis as foreign missionaries. There is a crystallizing condition which only needs a focus. The day Mr. Jolliffe thought that national conwill come when Japan, China and sciousness must be looked upon as an India will be united nations. opportunity for the Church. Mr. Evans pointed out the danger of mak- The Church at Home and on the Field ing a church self-governing before it is self-sustaining. When they become Dr. Wolf asked a number of ques- both, then they will be self-propagattions bearing on the relationship be- ing. While Mr. Miller thought that tween the Church at home and the authority should keep pace with finan- cial ability, he objected that in Amer-

ica we do not make money a standard be fully realized only when Christ shall Himfor leadership in the Church. self become the leader of the nations.

Business Meeting 2. We sympathize with all efforts on the part of the indigenous church in their desire At the annual business meeting of to assume the responsibilities of leadership the Union reports of the Secretary and with the ultimate end in view of establish: Treasurer were read and accepted. ing self-supporting, self-directing, and self- The Corresponding Secretary reported propagating churches, of such type as shall that 1,500 invitations to the Confer- best express the aims of the gospel of Christ. ence had been sent out. The Nominating Committee presented a report, 3. Convinced as we are, that the highest and the following officers were elected welfare of all nations requires the abolifor the coming year: tion of intoxicating liquors and habit-form- ing dl'Ugs, we do hereby pledge our hearty EXFJOUTIVE OOMMITTEE support and active cooperation in efforts to put an end to the traffic therein, and to President, Rev. .T. Sumuer Stone, M.D., 441 bring about prohibition throughout the Pelham Road, New Rochelle, N. Y. world.

Vice-President, David McConaughy, 156 4. We urge our respective governments to Fifth Ave., N. Y. City. join other nations in agreements looking toward the minimizing of the possibilities Secretary, H. F. Laflamme, 71 West 23rd of war, and we favor the progressive reduc- St., N. Y. City. tion of armaments by international agree- ment, to the ultimate status of adequate Treasurer, Rev. Frank K. Sanders, 25 Madi- police protection. son Ave., N. Y. City. 5. ¥e commend the work of the Near Librarian, .T. A. Sanders, M.D., Clifton East Relief to all the churches of the United Springs, N. Y. States and Canada, and urge the increase of gifts so that our suffering fellow Chris- Rev. William I. Chamberlain, Ph.D., 25 E. tians in Asia Minor may be saved from 22nd St., N. Y. City. extinction.

BOARD OF OONTROL 6. ·We implore our home governments to Mr. David McConaughy, Chairman. act without delay, either jointly with other Hutio)]s, or severally, to protect the subject Term ending 1923 Christian races within the bounds of Turkey from further massacre, oppression and out- Mrs. D. McConaughy Rev. A. B. Moss rage. P. H . .T. Lerrigo, M.D.- Rev. W. E. Lampe, Mrs. .T. Snmner Stone Ph.D. 7. We commeud the work of the Mission to Lepers to the Foreign Missions Confer- Term ending 1924 ence of North America, as indispensable to our Missions, and we ask them to cooperate. Rev. L. B. Wolf, D.D. R. P. Wilder Mrs. C. P. W. Merritt Rev. M. L. Stimson 8. We are in sympathy with the urgent need of rescue work for destitute Anglo- Rev. A. B. Winchester, D.D. Indian or Eurasian children in the eities of India, and' we will be glad to further it in Term ending 1925 any way possible.

Mrs. Alice M. Williams Mrs. L. H. Foote 9. We urge that greater emphasis needs io be placed upon specific training for Rev. George C. Len- Rev. S. Guy Inman native women of age and experience who may be led to enter upon evangelistic servington Rev. Harry Farmer ice in their respective fields of missionary Term endmg 1926 activity, and that wherever expedient, specially trained missionary instructors be Mrs. W. C. Mason Bishop Brent set apart for this work.

.T. A. Sanders, M.D. Rev. Canon Gould ] O. We tender ollr heartfelt thanks to the kind friends connected with the Clifton Rev. Wm. I. Chamberlain, Ph.D. Springs Sanitarium,-doctors, nurses, at- tendants of every class-who have minis- The following resolutions, reported through Dr. Wolf, were adopted: tered to our comfort and contributed to our pleasure during the days of this Conference; We, missionaries from every quarter of and to the hospitable citizens of the village who have opened wide their doors and made the globe, assembled in the 39th Annual us welcome. Meeting of the International Missionary Union at Clifton Springs, N. Y. We further wish to express our deep sym- pathy with Dr. and Mrs. Bovaird in the 1. Having considered in its various as- illness of Dr. Bovaird and to assure them of our prayers for his recovery. pects, the rising national consciousness among the nations, record our deep sympathy with every effort to enter into the rich herita~e of the Kingdom, which shall

NATIONAL CONSCIOUSNESS AND THE KINGDOM

MISSIONARIES PRESENT AT THIRTY-NINTH ANNUAL CONFERENCE Years of Name Board Field Present AddrM$ Sen.'ice 1873-1918 Abbey, Mrs. R. E. P. China 898 D Street, San Bernardino, Cal.

1882-1922 Allchin, Rev. Geo. C. Japan 2226 Loring Place, N. Y. City.

1922 Ament, Miss G. L. C. Z. B. India Clifton Springs, N. Y.

1879-1881 Belden, Mrs. Ellen S. C. Bulgaria 287 W. College Street, Oberlin, O.

1904- Bawden, Rev. S. D. B. India Granville, Ohio, Box 678.

1919 Bonn, Miss Mabel E. B. India Groton, N. Y.

1879-1884 Clemens, Mrs. E. J. M. M. E. So. A. 1315 K St., N. W., Washington, D. C.

1883- Compton, Rev. Harry M. E. Ho. A. Athens, N. Y., Box 288.

1914- Crane, Miss Katharine P. ·C. China 2828 W. 14 St., Clevelancl, Ohio.

1898 Daniel, Miss N. M. 11. E. .Japan Praer, Iowa.

1913- Dickinson, Rev. Frank C. M. China Yarlllouth, N. S., Can.

1913- Dickinson, Mrs. Fra1lk C_ JIlL China Yarmouth, N. S., Can.

1913 Donalds01J, Miss L. P. China 1716 Mahoning Ave_, Youngstown, O.

1876-1894 Dowsley, Mrs. A. E.C.S. India-China 147 Cowan Ave., Toronto, Can.

1903- Dukehart, Miss E. G. P. So. A. J"orest Hill, 1Id.

1914- Evans, Mrs. R. H_ Africa 2909 Iona 'fer., Parkside, Baltimore 1904- Evans, Rev. R. H. P. Africa 2909 lana 'fer., Parkside, Baltimore 1887-1916 Files, Miss M. E. M_ E. Burma Brockport, N. Y. So. A. Lima, N. Y. 1893 Fisher, Miss Alice H. M.R 1914 Flory, Rev. R. C; D. China McPherson, Kan.

}'erguson, Mrs. Walter P. Xenia, 0., R. D. 5.

1915 Graefe, Rev. John E. U. h India Owings Mills, Md.

1873 -1909 Griffin, Rev. Mrs. Z. }'. B. India Keuka, N. Y.

1883-1909 Griffin, Rev. Z. F. B. Innia Keuka, N. Y.

1914 Hadley, Mrs. L. S. D. P. China Clifton Springs, N. Y.

1914 Hadley, Rev. L. S_ D. P. China Clifton Springs, N. Y.

1902 Hauna, Mrs. W. J. C. 1. M. Chinf1 507 Church St., Toronto, Can.

1902 Hanna, Rev. W. J. C. 1. M. China 507 Church St., Toronto, Can.

1887-1888 Harned, Mrs. M. E. M. E. Africa 522 S_ Goodman St., Rochester, N. Y.

1893 Hayter, Rev. James P. C' A_ 156 }'ifth Ave.; New York City.

1907 Howland, Miss Bessie C. M. E. S. A. 85 Liberty St., Walton, N. Y.

Hunt, Miss M., M.D. Iml. India 141 W. 4th St., Washington Ch. Par.

1906 Jolliffe, Mrs. C. J. P. C_ M. E. China Rockwood, Onto (New York City) 1906 Jolliffe, Rev. C. J. P. C. 1f. E. China Rockwood, Onto C. M. E. China Rockwood, Onto 1904 Jolliffe, Mrs. R. O. C. M. E. China Rockwood, Onto 1904 Jolliffe, Rev. R. O.

1907 Kinzly, Miss Katharine P. Imlia 140 Washburn St., Lockport, N. Y.

1905 Koons, Mrs. E. W. P. Korea-Japan 156 Fifth A,e., New York City.

1903 Koons, Rev. E. W. P. Korea-Japan 156 }'ifth Ave., New York City.

1887-1905 Laflamme, Rev. H. F. C. B. India 71 West 230th St., New York City.

1881-1888 Latimer, Miss Laura 11. 1L E. Mexico Clifton Springs, N. Y.

1889-1902 Mc.Conaughy, Mr. David Y. M. C. A. Innia 390 Highl'd Ave., Up. Montclair, N. J.

1908 Manderson, Miss M., M. E. Chinf1 541 Lexington Ave., New York City.

M.D. China Clifton Springs, N. Y. China Clifton Springs, N. Y. 1885-1895 Merritt, Mrs. C. P. W. C. China Clifton Springs, N. Y. China Rochester, N. Y. 1885-1895 Merritt, C. P. W., M.D. C. .Japan 243 North 6th St., Reading, Pa. 0_ I. M. .Japan ~43 North 6th St., Reading, Pa. 1910-1914 Merritt, Mrs. E. L. C. M. A. India 116 So. Collington Ave., Baltimore R. C. U. S. China 56 South Ave., Bradford, Pa. 1898- Morgan, Miss Ida R. C_ U. S. India Haddonfield, N. J.

1888 Miller, Mrs. Henry K. U. L. B. 1892 Miller, Rev. Henry K. M.E.

1922 Miller, Mr. Harman F.

1897-1920 Minniss, Miss LaVerne 1896-1910 Mulford, Mrs. H. B., M_D. India 116 E. New St., Lancaster, Pa. China Clifton Springs, N. Y. 1915 Neudoerffer, Mrs. Ernst U. L. India 18 Franklin PI., Morristown, N. J. P. 1916 Owen, Mrs. Lewis J. Japan West Webster, N. Y. P. Assam 151 Hubbell St", Canandaigua, N. Y. 1907 Owen, Miss Adeline W. Japan 52 Bristol St., Canandaigua, N. Y. M.E. China 117 Constance St., Toronto, Can. Peet, Miss A. E. B. India 331 Sixth St., -Niagara Falls, N. Y. 1L E. Turkey Care Rev. W. 1. Haven, D.D., Bible 1874- Phillips, Mrs. E. G. C. P. U_ L. House, Astor PI., New York City 187H-1880 Priest, Miss M. A. C. 1914 ;Ross, Miss Ada E.

Rupley, Rev. Geo. A.

1911-1920 Ryan, Rev. Arthur C.

1882-1886 Sanders, Rev. Frank, C. Ceylon 25 Madison Ave., New York City.

D.D.

1884-1918 Schwartz, Mrs. H. W. M.E. Japan Chapel Hill, N. C.

1905 Seiple, Mrs. Wm. G. R. C. A. Japan 125 Mosher St., Baltimore, Md.

1905 Seiple, Rev. Wm., Ph.D. R. C. A. Japan 125 Mosher St., Baltimore, Md.

1918 Senn, Miss Florence M. E. China Clifton Springs, N. Y.

1914- Smillie, Miss Emmaline C. P. India 1075 Druercourt Road, Toronto, Can.

1881-1889 Stimson, Mrs. M. L. C. China Beachwood, N . .T.

1881-1889 Stimson, Rev. M. L. C. China Beachwood, N . .T.

18891908 Micronesia 1885-1888 Stone, Mrs. .T. Snmner M. E. India 441 Pelham Rd., New Rochelle, N. Y.

1880-1888 Stone, Rev. .T. Sumner, M. E. India 441 Pelham Rd., New Rochelle, N. Y.

M.D. .Tapan 443 Lexington Ave., Rochester, N. Y.

1879·1888 Swan, Mrs. A. W. Davis C. China Clifton Springs, N. Y.

1869·1872 Thompson, Miss M. A. C. India 406 Cherry St., Syracuse, N. Y.

1908- Vickery, Mrs. Chas. R. 11. E.

Waring, Miss Clara U. L. India Ingersoll, Ont., Can.

1910-1915 Wells, Mrs. Charlotte .T. M. F. Africa Delavan, N. Y., Box 49.

1895-1913 Wiley, Mrs. A. L. P. . India 7111 Kelly St., Pittsburgh, Pa.

1899- Wiley, Rev. A. L., Ph.D. P. India 7111 Kelly St., Pittsburgh, Pa.

1882-1891 Williams, Mrs. Geo. P. M. E. India 105 E. Stewart Ave., Lansdowne, Pa.

1899- Williams, Mrs. .T. E. P. China 156 Fifth Ave., New York City.

1899- Williams, Rev. .T. E., P. China 156 Fifth Ave., New York City.

D.D.

1891·1912 Williams, Mrs. Alice M. C. China 149 West College St., Oberlin, O.

1889- Wilson, Miss F. O. M. E. China Clifton Springs, N. Y.

1883- Wolf, L. B., D.D. U. L. India 601 Cathedral St., Baltimore, Md.

Key of Abbreviations C., Congregational. C. Z. B .. Can ad Lan Zenana Bible and Medical Mission. C. E. C., Church of England in Canada. C. I. M., China Inland Mission. D., Church of the Brethren. U. L., United Lutheran. C. B.• Canadian Baptist. B., Baptist. C. M., Canadian Methodist. C. P., Canadian Presbyterian. M. E., Methodist Episcopal. Mw F., Methodist Free. P., Presbyterian. U. P .• United Presbyterian. R. C. A., Reformed Church in America. Y. M. C. A., Young Men's Christian Association. P. E., Protestant Episcopal. C. M. A., Christian Missionary Alliance. Ind., Independent.

KEY TO PHOTOGRAPH OF MISSIONARIES AT THE CONFERENCE.

Upper row.-Beginning at left: Mrs. .T. A. Schooma.ker, Rev. Geo. A. Rupley, Rev. .Tohn C. Graefe, Dr. Joseph K. Sanders, Miss Alice Thayer, Mrs . .T. K. Sanders, Rev. F. K. Sanders, D.D., Miss Florence Senn, Mrs. L. S. D. Hadley, Rev. L. S. D. Hadley, Mrs. Chas. E. Vickery, Rev. M. L. Stimson, Miss A. W. Owen.

Second row.-Mrs. E. G. Phillips, Mrs. M. L. Stimson, Mrs. H. B. Mulford, M.D. Third row.-Rev. R. C. Flory, Rev. L. B. Wolf, D.D., Rev. Heury K. Miller, Rev. Wm. G. Seiple, Ph.D., Rev. C. J. P . .Tolliffe, Rev. Frank Dickinson, Rev. W . .T. Hanna, Mrs. W. J. Hanna, Mrs. Walter Ferguson, Miss Katharine P. Crane. Fourth row.-Mrs. A. Dowsley, Mrs. Ernest Neudoerffer, Mrs. Henry K. Miller, MIs. Wm. G. Seiple, Mrs. C. .T. P. Jolliffe, Mrs. E. J. M. Clemens, Miss Mabel E. Bond, Mrs. A. W. Davis Swan, Mrs. Wm. H. Belden, Miss M. Mandel'son, M.D., Miss E. Smillie, Miss M. Hunt, M.D.

Fifth row.-Rev. E. W. Koons, Miss L. Donaldson, Miss M. E. Files, Rev. R. O. .Tolliffe, Mrs. R. O. .Tolliffe, Mrs. Z. F. Griffin, Rev. Z. F. Griffin, Miss A. E. Ross, Miss Mary Thompson.

Sixth row.-Rev. H. F. Laflamme (standing), Mrs. E. W. Koons, Mrs. R. E. Abbey, Mrs. Geo. P. Williams, Mrs. .T. Sumner Stone, Miss E. G. Dukehart, Miss B. C. Howland, Rev. J_ Sumner Stone, M.D. (standing).

Seventh row.-Rev. A. L. Wiley, Ph.D., Mrs. A. L. Wiley, Mrs. C. J. Wells, Miss Laura M. Lath;,-er, Rev. Harry Compton, C. P. W. Merritt, M.D., Mrs. E. L. Mcrritt, Mrs. C. P. W. Merflt, Mrs. R. H. Evans, Rev. R. H. Evans, Miss A. E. Peet, Mrs. H. W. Schwartz.

Eighth row.-Norman Wiley, Donaldson Koons, Margaret Koons, Mr. David Mc- Conaughy, Mrs. Alice M. Williams, Margery Crane, Duff Maynard, Gershom Merritt, Fred Maynard, Miss N. M. Daniel, Rev. Geo. Allchin.

METHODS

•• – EDITED BY MRs. E. C. CRONK, 1612 GROVE AVENUE, RICHMOND, VA.

PRACTICAL INTER-RACIAL METHODS Hundreds of thousands of people will read and study the new books, "The Trend of the Races," "In the Vanguard of a Rac'e," and "The Magic Box," during the coming year. Before the books were off the press they were presented in lecture courses and classes at scores of Summer Schools from which delegates have returned to teach them in the home Church. Who can estimate results that will follO.. stimulated interest in a great problem? Inter-racial sentiment must express itself in practical Inter-Racial Methods.

FACING A PROBLEM Conference met at Montreat, N. C., The First Step Toward Solving It with some three hundred delegates By W. D. WEATHERFORD present, more than ninety students the D:t·u~~~~h~~fO[:e iSs~ufl:a~a~ehOtoha:acb:o~~r~ elected the study of the Negro, though seven other Home Mission and For- ~~~;;i~~c~~~tP~::!'~lt~",;le r~re;:;i~:io~ §~~d;a~o~'f~ ('ign Mission courses were offered at the same hour. w the Negro will be found south of Mason and The result was that the little vol- I;.i~~~d~i':,~ f:~et~~~~er'b:~e~1hl~~~~~jnJ~~~~! ume " Negro Life in the South," was that impression with actual facts and figure.;.

If the acid test of the Christian immediately put into book form, and Spirit is one's attitude toward other the first year in the colleges we en- persons, then in the South precmi- rolled in the mission study classes for nently the test is whether or not we the study of this book, more than have a kindly feeling toward the 4,000 SOllihern white college men.

colored race which lives by our side. The second year more than 6,000 were Some of us have felt for a long time enrolled, and a number of the colleges that the Southern college men and for white women began the study.

women would face this issue in a Each alternate year since that time, broader spirit and in a more human there has been an attempt to enroll attitude than any other people in our students in this study so that more section, and that if they could be than 30,000 students have probably brought to study the question, a great studied this volume in the ten years.

step forward would be made. A little The first immediate result of this volume was prepared and put into study in the colleges was a new atti- galley form ready for use in one of tude of kindliness and friendship our large ronferences of the student whirh had not before been known.

YOUllg Men's Christian Association in The second direct result was the desire ]910. We did not put it into book on the part of a large number of stu- form because we did not know whether dents to actually undertake a piece of the students would receive it cordially service for those who they felt had enough to make it worth the while. not had as great opportunity as them- To our amazement, when the Student selves.

737 5

At the University of North Caro- the South remarked after this work lina, under the leadership of one very had been going forward for two or earnest student, a large Bible class three years, that he found more stuwas organized for Negro men through dents willing to cooperate in serving one of the Negro churches. This class the Negro boys than he could possibly during a period of two years grew to find work for, which is evident indian enrollment of nearly one hundred eation of the real attitude on the part students, and out of it grew a com- of "tudents. munity movement for the betterment of the Negro boys of the community. FIVE POINTS FOR INTER-RACIAL A house was rented by the University students and various women from the WORK faculty cooperated in seeing that it was properly furnished, while uni- The Woman '8 Missionary Council versity students acted as custodian or of the Methodist Episcop~l Church, secretary from time to time for super- South, has adonted five points for vising the same. Many persons bore practical Inter-Racial work, which, testimony to the fact that this work with slight ehanges, have also been entirely changed the attitude between adopted bv other dpnominations: the races. 1. To se~k to know the leaders among At the University of Alabama the Negro wonl~n of the community that a aym· students who had taken this study im: natheHc bnsis of cooperation may be estab· mediately undertook to cooperate with lished. the pastors in the churches in caring for a Teacher Training course for all 2. To db'eet a study of Negro community teachers of the Negro bovs in the vari- life in matters of housing, sanitation, neigh· ous Sunday-schools. They also put borhood conditions and the needs' of Negro on what thev called a Civic Discus- women and children. sion Group for all Negro workers on the campus, including cooks, janitors, 3. To adopt methods of cooperation with and others. other agencies and with Negro women that a constrnctive program of community bet· At the University of South Caro- terment mav he wrought out. lina, although there was great hesi. tancy to undertake the study for fear 4. To lend the auxiliary in a study of of prejudice. the class grew rapidly, Negro achievements in literature, poetry, and nractically absorbed all of the music, art and other lines of endeavor, that Rocial studY groups under the Young there may be a sympathetic appreciation of Men's Christian Association. A num- the Negro's contl'ibut;on to American life ber of the students organized in the in these lines. city of Columbia a Civic Discussion Club which met in a tailor shop and 5. To represent the auxiliary in any eoultimately grew into an ore-anization operative work that may be undertaken in which became practically a City Char- the community, and lead the auxiliary in its itv for Negroes. Scores of other col- participation in the same. leges undertook similar tasks. CHRISTIANITY IN ACTION Another type of work which has been undertaken by a number of the By .JOHN LITTLE, LOUISVILLE, Ky. ~olleges has been the work for Negro boys. At Transylvania Col1e!l:e and SuperintenMnt of Presbyterian Colored at the University of Mississippi, and a Missions nnmber of other institutions, groups of Boy Scouts were or!l:anized and All-lI.round-the-year studies in practical mts~ havp been run with evident success. sionary methods are the Presbyterian C",lored A Boy':;: Secretary for the Interna- Missions of LouisvilJe. Kentucky. The Supertional Y. M. C. A:, traveling through intendent gives the REVIEW a few glimpse! of practical methods in operation.

What one wonld see at the Presby- terian Colored Missions if he made a visit to these institutions would de- pend on the season of the year he came and the hour of the dav or night that his visi.t was made. On a Janu- ary dav, when the ground was cov- ered with 16 inches of snow and the thermometf'r registering below zero. he might find the superintendent on a coal wagon delivering fuel to a desti-

BEST METHODS

tute family. On a July morning he which have been sent to the Belgium might find 100 children trooping into children. An experiment was incorthe building for a Daily Vacation porated into our regular activities. Bible School. On an August night he would find a group of grown It was a strange sight when the Miswomen busily engaged canning vege- sion jitney drove up to the door, not tables. Should he select Sunday as loaded with people, but filled to overthe day for his visit, in the morning flowing with peas. In a few minutes he would find an orderly congregation a group of women were seated around worshiping God. In the afternoon he a room shelling peas. On the stove could see hundreds of boys and girls, stood wash boilers sending out clouds men and women in the Sunday-school of <;team while glass jars were being and again, at night, an orderly con- sterilized. As the hours wore on jars gregation engaged in evening worship. filled with peas were inverted on the table. The question in the mind of Tv describe the work of an insti- the superintendent was whether or tuticHl' with doors open seven days in not th('se would be left on his hands. the week and books recording over a Calculations were made and peas thousand names, and a program of canned in glass jars were retailed at activities varied with the season of 9 cents a pint. There were eager the Year is a difficult task for a brief buyers and not a single jar of unarticle. Only certain phases of the salable stock was left on the table. work can be touched on and some in- Week after week the jitney returned dividual caSC8 will probably serve best with beans, beets, tomatoes, corn, to illustrate the value of the service blackberries and peaches. The same rendered. earnest group of women gathered around the table and watched the In the past twelve months two ex- boiling pot until vegetables and fruit periments were tried, both resulting were preserved and safely stored in in the addition or a permanent de- glass jars. Each night pennies, parLllent to the work of the insti- nickels, dimes, and quarters were intution. vested in canned fruit which found its way to the store rooms of homes The mending of old shoes was tried that had never before, like the wise last summer in the Daily Vacation ant, laid up their stores in summer. Bible School. In a week we saw some The second experiment developed into of the boys in the class with their own a permanent department and each shoes halE soled and heeled. When week now, hundreds of quarts of their own shoes were repaired, they fruit and vegetables are being canned. began to bring in shoes belonging to the various members of the family. A new problem presented itself in Fathers and mothers, brothers and our sewing school when a woman who sister~ were presented with a new half was entirely blind desired to join our sole and heel. We were fortunate in evening class for mothers. Certainly finding a graduate of the Tuskegee no harm could be done by her try- Institute who patiently works with ing, was the mental reservation made, the beginners and speeds the expert as we enrolled her name. At the members of the class in the repair of close of the sewing school there were all the old inhabitants of the shoe hundreds of visitors who viewed the world. When the zero weather array of garments which were hangreigned in Louisville last winter many ing up for inspection. At one place a small boy came in with his feet in the room even casual observers wrapped in strips of rags or encased stopped. with wonder when they bein carpet slippers, his shoes under his held three completed dresses that had arm, and waited patiently until his been made by this woman who was sol('8 were mended. As a part of blind. their bit in war time work, the boys have mended several bundles of shoes Instructors, pupils and visitors were

surprised to find that 466 garments the Negro community in which they had been made, not in one size or pat- live. They are striving for better tern, but varying from a baby's dress homes and better schools amid surto a garment containing fifteen yards rrll!11dings that might well discourage of doth. Many a mother stopped at the most optimistic, and their lack of the dose of the evening to thank the information regarding modern welteacher of sewing for the aid she had fare work frequently leads to failure. received herself, or for the instruc- They are usually busy mothers or tion given her children, and for the wagtl earners, hence :the "Summer help which she had received in cloth- Normal School" is not for them. No ing the members of her family. Eight- "Extension Department" reaches een girls sat on the platform wearing their humble homes. dresses they had made with their own J 0 1916, the women of the Southern hands. Tllirteen girls stood and told Presbyterian Church determined to how they were able to progress from try io help this class of colored women the basting stitch to the completed and, as an experiment, established a dress. Colored Voman '8 Conference at Still- For nineteen years the workers man I nstitute, Tuscaloosa, Alabama, have labored to teach colored people planned on somewhat the same lines the practical application of the prin- as the Missionarv Summer Confer- ciples of Christian living. The insti- ences held by our ·own church women.

tution was organized primarily to The delegates, which numbered teach religion and religion has always about eighty that first year, came been the motive which has prompted from fiftv-nine towns in eleven states. us to engage in the other activities. Tliey w~re women of leadership in We have watched with great interest their local community and most of the crystallization of many c.haracters them w~re sent to the Conference by as it was marked by their joining the the women of the white Presbyterian church. While the official membership Church in their home town.

has always been small, the ehurch is The Conference continued for one an influential body in the community. week all delegates boarding in the dormitory and-attending all classes.

SUMMER CONFERENCES FOR COL- The Faculty was made up of both ORED WOMEN white and c'olored leaders.

By MRS. W. O. WINSBOROUGH The Bible Studies were the founda- "Lord, I want to be a Christian tion of the course, plain, simple and In my heart, in my heart. dealing with practical Christian liv- Lord, I want to be a Christian ing.

In my heart!" A series of Communitv studies, led This beautiful negro "spiritual" by an experienced worker, included floating across the broad campus of "The Home and the School," "The Stillman Institute from a group of Home and the Church," "The Home Negro women holding a twilight" Ves- and the Community," "Recreation," pers" perhaps voiced the real under- etc. A study of the biographies of lying motive of the white leaders and ~f the colored delegates attending the Negroes who have done worth while things was given to encourage the first Conference ever held for Colored right kind of race pride. A sewing Women, the dpsire to interpret prac- class occupied two hours of the aftertical Christianitv in terms of service noon led by a trained and experienced to onr neig'hbors; wherever and whom- teacher.

ever they be. . A Playground Dt'monstration on Tn almost every community of the the beautiful campus served to de- South, there are at least a few colored light the children of the town and also women who are trying, with tremen- to teach the dE'legates the place of dous' handicaps, to better the life of organized play in children's lives.

The evening meetings were usually at this Conference is that some Chris- lectures on such subjects as "Better tian white women really do care about Schools" by State Commissioner of 118 ~olored women, and want to help Rural Schools-Africa, by returned us."

Missionary-Household Pests (stere- opticon) by Extension Department of A BOYS' PIG CLUB DAY Auburn University-Food Conserva- By Mas. BOOKER T. WASHINGTON, TUSKE' tion by State Demonstrator of Economics, etc. GEE, ALABAMA The delegates were so eager to hear What interests do the Negro boys in your everything, they could scarcely be in- community have? Pig Clubs, Corn Clubs, Cotduced to observe the necessary daily ton Clubs, Potato Clubs, all have possibilities. Mrs. Booker T. Washington, widow of the famous founder of Tuskegee, suggests some of them.

rest period. The closing session re- Yesterday was Boy's Day at The solved itself into an experience meet- Tuskegpe Institute. Three hundred ing, am;wering the question "What bo".' from all parts of Macon County has this Conference meant to me?" CflfllP. It rem;rded me of the early and everyone who heard the answers days of The Negro Farmers Confer- realized the Conference had been "11138 when long before daylight, look- worth while. ing out of your windows, you saw bug- In answer to many requests, two gies, wagons, and other vehicles, ex- other Conferences were established cept automobiles, drawn by horses, last September. At Gammon Semi- mulc's rmd often by the great ox, the nary, Atlanta, Ga., sixty delegates burden bearer of the farmer. These registered from near·by States and were days when the great masses came spent a week in conference and study. up for their one day schooling and Chl'istiansburg, Va., offered the when the soul of the man of oppor- Nc-gro Industrial School for a Con- tunity burned with zeal to reach out ference, and fifty delegates, some of and pull up his less fortunate brother the'n teachers, probation officers, and sister.

nur~e3 and State Education workers, These bovs came in like mannerwer':~ enthusiastic in their gratitude mules, hors~s, buggies, were seen comfor the opportunity for study. ing in earlv from every direction.

During the seven years since the The boys were well dressed farmers'

first Conference was established, en- sons, all the way from ten to eighteen couraging reports have been received years of age. They were earnest boys, telling of eonstructive community boys who are in school at least five work begun by the delegates on their months of the year; boys who should return from the Conferences. Many be in school at least seven months of sewing classes have been organized. the year.

One delegate, the Superintendent of These boys are yomig American the Colored Schools of her town, has Negroes, unlike their fathers who in instituted a graded course of sewing days gone by made up The Negro in the Colored Schools. Some have Farmers Conference. They are being secured cooperation from their white trained not one day in the year but neighbors in establishing Day Nur~ every day. 'l'hey are being taught series and Playgrounds for colored how best to direct their energies so children. An annual "clean up" day as to be of the greatest service to benefits sanitary conditions in several themselves, .their families, and to their communities, while enlarged and re- Country. No one could be amongst paired school houses and better church this group of well-mannered, wellbuildings have resulted from the ef- dressed, forward looking boys withforts of other delegates. out realizing that they were in the The exprf~ssion of one delegate dur- midst of the future Negro citizens ing the closing ltH'eting is significant: and home makers, and without know- "The greatest thing I have learned ing t.hat God is in it all and that He

will see it through if only the Negro Pigs were not the only things these teacher, whether he be preacher, law- boys discussed. They told of the con- ditions of their schoolhouses. They yer, physician or what not, will stand spoke of their teachers and their lesfirmly by these boys and see that they sons. They discussed the Sundlty- school in their community. They get a square deal at school, at home emphasized the value of good books and everywhere. Every community and papers in their community. They thought there should be more recreashould have a Boy's Day. This Tus- tion and play for the boy on the farm kegee Institute Boy's Day is an An- and we thought so too. nual Conference. It would not hurt Sitting in this conference of boys, our big cities to have a Boy's Day. wide awake and intelligent as they The Pig Club Boys are the boys are, I saw men, fine, strong, thrifty, intelligent, interested in the affairs who get a pig sometimes from their not only of Home and Community, fathers; sometimes they work and get but taking their stand for the cause the money and purchase their own of their Country and in return expectpig; boys who plant and raise the ing to receive that consideration due feed. for their pig; boys who get up every eit.izen who is a part of "Our early in the morning and attend to JJand of The ]'r('(' and The Home of their pig and see that he has not only The Brave. " The Pig Club Boys prop- erly encouraged and directed will n carefully balanced meal thr1'e times some day help to control banks and markets and will be among those pera day, but that he has plenty of clean mitted to dictate the policies of all water to drink and a pond of water other groups of men and boys. to lie down and rest in, and· plenty of good pasture to graze in. He pro- It is not a far call from a pure bred pig to a fine boy and a fine man. It vides shade for his pig during sum- is a mighty good thing to grow fine mer months and otherwise looks after crops and to raise fine pigs and other hi~ health. livestock and it is a great inspiration to know that these fine animals and Clarence Frazier is a member of the methodical way they are being raised are becoming a 1)art of the boys this Pig Club. He is a chubby boy of themselves and making them what 15 years. He looked you squarely in Tuskegee stands for-the finest pos- sible type of man and women. the face asnadid.to"lMd yvopuigalils about his pig. He a Duroc. IT CAN BE DONE FOR THEY DID IT It weighed thirty-five pounds when it The Federation of City Missionary Societies at 1vferidian, Mississippi, orwas six weeks old and when it was ganized a Bible Teachers' Training Class from the various Sunday Schools ten months old it had reached the to meet weekly in the colored public thre(' mark in weight." lihrflry with the best white teachers of the city in charge. Then came a Cyrus Thomas had a pig that Story Tellers' League of colored teach- ers. One night of Christmas week weighed 195 pounds at ten months. was given to a musical service con- Herman Young's pig weighed two ducted by th) Negroes arouna. the municipal Christmas tree. hunch-ed and ninety-five pounds at ten months. .A. pig and a boy ought to *** be close friends and they are wherever In Uniontown, Alabama, more than a Pig Club exists. These boys know ten years ago the women of a Bible that therc is a greater increase from pigs than from a.ny other farm animal. The pigs' increase is from 500 to more than a thousand per cent. These Pig Clubs remind the boy farmer.,; that a pig will soon be a hog. The mother hog,. twice during the year has a lot of little baby pigs. Sh" bt'ats all of the other animals in the number of her family. The Club has taught the boys that their pig will gain more than twenty pounds from each one hundred pounds of feed.

BliJST ~THODS 1'43

Class in one of the white churches ing features of the two-days meeting decided to set apart a definite hour were the addresses of four Negro each week when each of them would women ,who had been invited to speak teach the servants in her home the with unrestrained frankness. Sunday-school lesson for the next week. A broadening service developed A VIRGINIA WOMAN'S INTER-RA_ later and an interdenominational Bible Class for colored women was the CIAL CREED result. Colored women held all the offices, and white women taught the MRS'. H. L. SCHMELZ class. Committees were formed to read the Bible to the colored sick and Mrs. Schmelz is a leader of Inter-Racial the poor. This hrought forward vari- Cooperation in Virginia. When a consecrated OlIS problems of poverty and led to group of colored women who dreamed of a Home relief work, guided by the white for Colored Girls had carried it as far as poswomen and done by the Negro. This sible to successful operation, Mrs, Schmelz lent in turn formed contacts with children her aid and was influential in introducing to the in the homes and a white teacher ar- Legislature of Virginia liThe Virginia Indus- trial Home for Colored Girls," Through under- .. .. ranged a weekly story hour for them. standing race cooperation this institution now has property valued at $75,000. It is the first '" home of its kind to take colored girls out of jail ana to educate and train them. One hun- In Birmingham, Alabama, two dred and five girls are there in training today white women of the Baptist Board es- and will go back to their communities as Christabli~hed a four-year Bible course for tian assets rather than to remain criminal liacolored women, enlisting white women bilities behind the bars. . of the city as teachers of classes which Dr. Douglass Freeman, of Richsoon enrolled. over seven hundred. mond, Virginia, one of the ablest edi- tors in the South, recently declared: '" ,. "I place no work being done in the South today greater in importance Atlanta club women conducted a than the Inter-Racial work." It is a cooking school for colored women and most thrilling story of how, in less girls which had an attendance of than two years a great movement has eight hundred. They announced it as swept all over the South, until now intended primarily for colored home- more than six hundred of the eight makers, and not for the purpose of hundred counties comprising our thir- teen Southern states have committees .. training cooks for white homes. of men, while in seven of the thirteen states there are state organizations of "" 'women to help with the work.

In Augusta, Georgia, the Social The "Inter-Racial Commission, " Service Department of the City Fed- with its headquarters in Atlanta, has eration secured the improvement of for its object that Christian people the County Reformatory occupied al- in each state shall work together to most entirely by colored children, and establish justice, harmony, fine feeltook up the cause of the youthful de- ing, good will, confidence, peace and linquent regardless of race. the right Christian spirit between the race;;; living side by side. *•• Before we can make our best prog- Club women of Birmingham, Ala- ress in the" Christian Approach," we bama, investigated the worst colored must clarify our thiaking. In trying slum of the city, and so aroused. the to do this I have formulated my creed people in regard to conditions they concerning the Negro race. revealed that a $60,000 industrial school was erected which transformed 1. I believe the Negro race is a great the entire neighborhood. race, created a distinctive race for a great distinctive purpose in the working out of * '" " God'8 plan for His universe.

When one hundred leading white 2. I believe that we must believe in the women met at Memphis, Tennessee, Negro and help him to believe in himself. October 6th to 7th, 1920, the outstand- 3. I believe in social gradations of the Negro race.

To place all Negroes on the same plane is as unthinking and as unfair as to say

that all Chinamen are like th" Chinese laun- plan for it all and that He asks no dry men iu this country or that all white one t.o shoulder the entire burden, but people are like the medinm class we en- that all He expects is that each one of counter evel'ywhere. ItS shall jnst do the thing nearest at hand. however small it may seem_ As 4. I believe 'Ye must develop a community you look about for what you may do, consciousness into a community conscience interest your friends in doing the which includes our colored neighbor. same thing. Begin with the colored people in your own home, your cook, One day when addressing a large church your maid, your nurse, your chauffer. full of colored people in a near-by city, I Let them know you are interested in passed a pool of water, green from stagna- their homes, their problems, their tion. Was the health of any person in that alms. What do we know about condicity safe so long as that negro section was tions surrounding the homes, and the unsanitary1 Our community conscience must schools of our colored people, and of include the community where our colored their joys, of their burdens, of the neighbor lives. travail of their souls in their racial evolution ~ The Inter-Racial Commis- 5. I believe we should dignify and glorify sion is asking the Christian women, all manual labor and coordinate it with all in their church organizations, to apthe other work of the world. point a committee to study conditions in the Negro Home, School and One morning I went into my kitchen and Chnreh. These Women's Societies are said to my cook, "Sarah, I am helping with being asked to invite a fine, outstanda task that will benefit your people, and ing colored woman to come before just to the extent that you do your work their organization and to tell them out here so well that I do not have to think what. the white women can do to help of it, to that extent you give me a free the colored women in their struggles mind to apply to the work for your ;race, to better their communities and to upand to that extent you are helping directly lift their people. Just as the colored with this work in Virginia." A light broke woman is being invited to come before over her face. Instantly her work was raised us and talk frankly and freely from to a higher plane. No longer were such her Ride, so we white women, in Virthings as peeling potatoes and washing dishes ginia at least, are being invited to adand scrubbing the kitchen floor acts of dress audiences of colored women, menial service. They were dignified and talki1lg to them frankly and freey glorified. from our side.

6. I believe it a duty to "'ecognize and ap- 4. Realize that our work is not dipreciate the contributions of art, literature rectl~! with the great mass of the black and music which the Negro race has made race, but that it is with their leaders, not only to the South but to the whole world, helping them to help their people. and to rec()gnize and emphasize the opportunity the Negro has because he is a Negro. 5. Realize the colossal task con' fronting the leaders of this great child 7. I believe absolutely in the maintenance race. Surely we who inherit from of racial integrity and in the "natural and all the ages; we who have a backinevitable segregation" as Dr. Dillard ex- ground of 2000 years of Christian presses it, consequent upon such maintenance. civilization can do no less than to ex- tend our hands in helpfulness and S. I believe the object of every life, of our hearts in sympathy and underevery race, of every nation should be to help standing to this people who not more to establish in this world, the Kingdom than 300 years ago had no glimmer of which our Saviour came to establish; a the light'of the ages, and no knowl- Kingdom of justice, righteous, truth, mercy, edge of the love of a redeeming Savjoy, peace, love. In working for this King- iour.

oam, the white race must recognize the great contributions that many of the black race are making and can make. The time has come when we must work with as well as for this neighbor race, this member of the world body, in helping to establish the Kingdom.

How shall it be done?

L Think through, for yourself, the meaning of the Christian Approach to our colored neighbor.

2. Realize that the most effective method is your own right mental attitude to this task.

3_ Know that God has His great

Woman's Home Mission

EDITED BY FLORENCEE. QUINLAN, 156 FIFTH AVE., NEW YORK.

WOMEN'S MISSIONARY SOCIETIES because there was one woman who AND COMMUNITY ENDEAVORS cared, and with wise, wide sympathy By MARY LATHROP BISHOP set about to help.

In the story of Leonard and Ger- The new world for which we long trude published a century ago, there will not come of itself, there must be a is a quaint word pictnre of real com. loving thought and purpose a seekmunity life; and while times and ing after God:s plan for His people, a conditions have changed, the same concerted actIOn on the part of all spirit still speaks through the printed a giving and a sharing-not of alms' page. One sees the little village and Lut of ideals and of one's very sell its people; the public square which is 'rhis would be a sort of "glorified the common meeting place, the town community service." And who are bailiff, and on the hill, the magistrate better fitted to engage in this activity in his manor house "watching like a than the women of the churches? To good Providence over all the affairs the missionary societies there is a chalof the village." lcnge of opportunity. Those of us In the hamlet is a home, where abide who have followed the development love, joy, happiuess, and a content- and growth of woman's work know ment so well known, but so little un- the secret of this growth to be the derstood, that great men of the town great compelling force of a supreme come to visit, trying to fathom the love amI sacrifice that has moved on secrct of the wonderful magic which and on until there is nothing alien kept the children of Gertrude good to the interest of Christian womanand helpfnl and busy, and the hus- hood, for the whole world lies under band able to withstand temptation our vision today. and to meet disaster with courage. It is not within the province of this One morning early, so the story article to suggest methods of survey goes, t.wo noblemen came to Gertrude's for community work, nor the material home to ask that they might spend one for charts, nor preparation for study day under her roof to learn the secret of conditions. But perhaps we might of perfect happiness and consecrated sum up in a few words some of the usefiliness. The day's routine pro- first steps in establishing the relationceeded. The chilrlren helped with the ship that women's societies can bear daily duties. Then came the children to community endeavors. There are of the neighborhood to study with the three avenues of approach: the child, little family group. Together they the home and the community. We sang and re$td from the Bible. They might begin with the homes which went into the garden, gathered fresh are linked to the Sunday-school. vegetables and prepared the dinner. 'l'hrough the child's interest one can Gertrude, finishing her home duties, reach the home. and study needs and walked to the village to intercede for. possibilities. However varied the right living and for better cunditions. form of work, there is the same basic She smiled on one and another and principle involved. Our aim should spoke a cheery word to the troubled. be to bring every mother of every And with her mother heart filled to child into vital friendly relations with overflowing became in a sense the vil- the cllUrch through the medium of lage mother. From that one home mother's meetings, children's hours, radiated influences which transformed raU.ies, group meetings, community the village life. People, one by one, siugs and other activities-thus touchwere redeemed from want and misery ing all life from every angle.

745

In our definite plans for community Christ of Latter Day Saints in Brookservice we need thc appreciation of co- lyn. After a sermon on "Faith," operative effort and the new valua- which might have been presented in tion of human life, a conception of any Christian pulpit, he launched out specialization and of doing work with into a defense of the Mormon system the whole heart. Women's societies as distinguished from other branches can see that neighborhood play cen- of the Christian Church by telling ters are established, that the church the ~tory of Joseph Smith. He afbecomes the center of all neighborhood firmed that the grove near Palmyra, life. Play life of the child needs con- New York, where Joseph Smith met sideration, for where playgrounds God face to face and talked to him (,xist, the records show that there are like a man, was the most sacred spot , 'fewer arrests and a general ease- on earth, and that hour the holiest in ment of the law." The wompn's so- the history of the world, and made the cieties can discourage street selling by positive statement, "It is absolutely childl'pn, and speaking in public true; I know it." All of this was places. 'fhey l'an help create public listened to by the hundred, or more, opinion fllld safeguard the industrial who were present, with closest atten- life of the women and girls. We have tion and evidently a profound belief been long working against the evils in the curious assertions which the of city conditions, through legislation elder was making. The congregation seeking to enforce laws not always was composed of people apparently understood nor always just; and well-to-do, being well dressed, intelliwhere the law fails, love may come,' gent looking, ami the larger proporbringing peace and joy. There is no tion of them young people.

substitute for the personal element or The Mormon Church in Brooklyn, for the loving human touch. And therefore, while small in numbers. may that not be the reason why seems to be building on a rather posiarticles are written and addresses tive foundation. The outstanding made on the needs of community characteristics of the presentation of service 1 Mormonism here, as elsewhere, seem Our local communities, whether in to be persistence, courtesy, and abw- city or rural districts, are groups with lutel,)' positive and dogmatic a,8er- a spiritual unity, not merely people tions that their system is true and the dwelling in houses. We need to know only true religion on earth. They the religious life of the neighborhood, teU the improbable story of the golden to "(liscover and re-discover," and to plates with all the assurance of intelli- realize the expectation of Jesus "who gent men announcing the simplest his- came not to be ministered unto, but to toric fact, like the landing of the minister. " "Mayflower, or the signing of the Dec- Every local community is the field la.ration of Independence. This posi- of the Woman's Society, every store tive presenta.tion constitutes the and every factory. Community serv- strengt.h of their appeal. Confronted ice is not vague or indefinite, but con- by outstanding and glaring moral crete and collective. If we can gain defects in the system, such. as polyg- the vision that as individuals we are amy, they smilingly deny, affirm, or units necessary to the progress of sidestep the whole issue, as the occa- Christianity we shall realir,e in fullest sion may seem to demand. measure the meaning of community service. Mormonism is gaining in some of the states adjacent to Utah with con- MORMONISM siderable speed. It is planting itself strongly in fully one-third of the other Abridged from the report of the Uommit· states of the Union. tee, Frank Linooln Moore, Chairman.

Recently a Mormon elder from We should keep constantly before Utah spoke in the Church of Jesus us the fact that essentially the Mor-

WOMAN'S HOME MISSION BULLETIN

mon system is unchangerl. In its which the state has been districted theory it is the same as it ever was, among the denominations so as to pre- and it would be in its practice, if the vent competition and over-crowding, Jaw of the land did not prevent. The have been strengthened. The denom- leaders of that Church, by the very inations, each in its area, have had organization of the system, are the old their attention called to the need of men and, therefore, conservative. It increased effort in colportage work iR very probable that the leaders of and personal evangelism.

the Mormon Church do not represent Several conferrnces have been held the really progressive ideals and ideas relative to closer cooperation between of the younger and more intelligent denominations in the field of educa- men. However, Mormons, as they be- tion in Utah. The Council of Church come educated, and as they mingle Boards of Education, the Home Mis- more and more with the world outside sions Council am'! the Council of of the Mormon strongholds, are chang- Women for Home Missions have a ing. This is due to the fact that many joint committee now making' studies of their young men went into the war. and inv('stigations in this field. West- They came into contact with other minster College at Salt Lake City is young men and got a better view of es~entially interdenominational in religion. It is due in part to their character. Its Board of Trustees, school system anrl to their colleges and eighteen in number, represent six de- the State University. .Mormonism nominations and members of the pres- grew up in the early days and became ent faculty represent four. The strong, because of its isolation from president of the College called a meet- the rest of the world. The empire of ing of the heads of the secondary Brigham Young, who in effect was an Christian schools of the state to meet Oriental potentate, would not now be at the College on December 29, 1921, able to develop under modern condi- for the purpose of making acquaint- tions of intercommunication and the ance and of considering closer co- interchange of knowledge. The gen- operation.

eral progress of the race today is Mormonism makes its appeal in the against the system. Mormonism is realm of ideals by positive assertions, fflcing an era of culture, and whether and in the realm of economics by the Mormons like it or not, they are a pun of its great commercial enter- vital part of the United States. It prises. It can be met effectively in would seem, therefore, that a New the realm of ideas by declaring the Mormonism must arise. Outwardly, truth and explaining the t.ruth with the younger members still give their patient iteration and the illumination allegiance to the Church; inwardly, of Christian character.

they have many reservations, and Gentiles need to be awake to the JIl.any of them are earnest seekers after fact of continued activities on the part the truth. of Mormon missionaries. They seem The Committee on Mormonism has to be especially aggressive since the been in close consultation and coopera- war, and are able to delude many tion with the Utah Home. Missions people, drawing their recruits, as in Comity Council. The movement all their history, largely from the ig- toward a better equipment and a nOl'l!nt classes. We must also remem- stronger personnel, which was recom- ber that Gentiles who live in Mormon mended by a conference in October, communities find it almost impossible 1920, has been forwarded, and Prot- to bring up their children as uncon- estant Christianity is better prepared taminated Gentiles, for Mormon prac- to make itself felt in that state. The tice and doctrine are thrust upon comity plans, in accordance with them at every turn. EDITED BY MRs. J. HARVEY BORTON, MOORESTOWN, N. J.

We will never know in this world The Mission Study theme for the all that is accomplished at the many conference was India, and sixteen mis- Summer Schools of Missions. We do sionaries from that country were in know of lives that were transformed, attendance. of numbers who were given new vision, of many who heard and re- An "illustrated" address on Union sponded to the Call to Foreign Service Colleges was given by Mrs. Henry W. and of many who are going forward Peabody, who surprised and delighted more intelligently and more whole- her audience with an unexpected hcartedly in the task of making Christ presentation; "moving pictures" known to the whole world. they might properly be called, as they were Oriental students from Christian We are fortunate in having reports Colleges, studying in the United from some of our Schools from Mrs. States, who made short addresses. Philip Rossman who has written of Northfield and from Mrs. J. H. Mills Miss Edith Coon, Vice President of who has given helpful information Madras Christian College for Women, from the Minnesota School of Mis- spoke of her work in Madras, India; sions. At the latter school a worth and Dr. Ida S. Scudder, head of Velwhile News Sheet was published daily lore Medical School, India, presented and a special room was set apart as the work of the Medical School. As a a prayer room. Over two thousand token of appreciation of the work done women and girls were present at the by Dr. Scudder in establishing the two conferences. School, the Northfield Conference started a fund to build a chapel, At Northfield contributing $],678.77.

The nineteenth session of the North- The Missionary Rally was an infil'lJ Summer School of Foreign Mis- spiring meeting, with 33 missionaries sions was held July 12-19, 1922, with present, representing Africa, Arabia, a large attendance of missionaries China, India, Japan, Korea, Palesand women and girls who took the tine, South America and 'l'urkey, agvarious courses offered, the registra- gregating 431 years of service. tion representing 14 denominations and numbering 1,164–0f whom 719 The Camp girls presented "The were in ca,lnps. The courses offered Flaming Torch," with Perry Pond included four Bible classes, four and the shrubbery surrounding the Methods classes, five Mission Study Pond as a background. The pageant classes and a Story Hour for children. portrayed "Those Eager to' Serve" receiving a vision of opportunity and The B~ble Hour in the Auditorium pledging themselves to "follow the was conducted by the Rev. Frederic gleam. " 'rhe Christian Spirit with C. Spurr of London, Vice-President attending Virtues lighted their of the National Free Church Council torches. When the Dark Peoples of of England, who gave a series of the Earth begged for aid, missionaries Studies in the Life of Paul, which were united in the plea for help, and with devotional, inspiring and practical. reinfcrcemE'nts from the youth, eager to serve. the Christian Spirit released A Prayer service closed the session the Dark Peoples from ignorance and each morning, a Round Top service fear. With renewed faith, Those was held each evening and daily Eager to Serve marched on to give prayer services were observed by the their all to the King and to let their camps. light enlighten the world.

748 Christian Literature for Women established,-Northfield being the first and Children in the Orient was presented by members of the Committee and Winona, the second. Its purpose on Christian Literature, Miss Alice M. Kyle, Chairman, and Miss Laura was: "To promote a knowledge of White, Editor of the Woman's Friend, published in Shanghai, China. Other missions, to study the best methods missionary speakers were: Miss Katherine Crane, Miss· Christiana Twai, of securing their success and, through Rev. J. E. Williams of China, and Miss Frances Tencate of h(lia. mutual help and fellowship, to seek An Overseas Sewing Exhibit and a the fulfillment of our motto, 'One Poster Exhibit were features of the Conference. Two $25 prizes were Heart, One Way.' " awarded to the best posters on the study books, "Building with Indi~," The first session was held in a tent and "JJighted to Lighten." at Lake Minnetonka, with a Faculty The addition of stars to the Northfield Service Flag is always an impres- of local, volunteer women, an attendsive ceremony: Eight stars were added this year, making a total of ancE' of less than one hundred and an eighty-eight in active service, there being one gold star. The missionaries ndmission fee of ten cents a day. for whom stars were added go to five countries and represent five denomi- Arter three years it was thought nations. Dr. Robert E. Speer, recently returned from a trip around the that the school would be of greater world, made the closing address, stating that ther·e were doors of oppor- value to more women if it were moved tunity thrown wide open on every side, and that we dare not say there was a to the twin-cities, and since that time dosed door in any country of the world. it has occupied a church midway be- The Minnesota Summer School tween St. Paul and Minneapolis, ad- One day in ] 906 a missionary mirably adapted to its purpose. It woman stood ironing in her summer cottage at Lake Minnetonka. As she then became legally incorporated, and was performing this homely task, and thinking of the new Summer School its name was changed to "Minnesota at Winona which she had not been able to attend, suddenly the thought Summer School of Missions." Hav- -the inspiration-came to her, "Why could not we have such a school ing given up its recreational features, here?" And as she ironed, the it became a school indeed, with mornthought grew. A friend dropped in and they ing ami afternoon sessions. on.' even- talkeu it over. She was a woman of ing "Rally" being arrangnQ especially initiative and executive ability, and, satisfied that it could be accomplished, for the young people. her efforts and the cooperation of the missionary women of seven denomina- The spacious Sunday-school room tions res~lted in the founding, in 1907 of the "Minnetonka Summer affords ample accommodation for the Scho~l of Missions," the third to be literature of all the denominations, and everyone must pass this inviting display in going into the auditorium.

This arrangement has been much com- mended by visitors from the National Boards, and others. There are class rooms for the use of special groups, and It large dining room where lunch- eon is provided each day by different "circles" of the women of the church.

Thu~ everything is under one roof with a saving of time and strength, and it is often remarked how noise- lessly the machinery works in all de- partments. .

This year the School met from May 31st to June 6th. The sessions always lasted six days, wit.h an equal emphasis on Home and Foreign mis- sions. There has always been entire harmony among its members and its growth has been steady during- the fifteen years of its existence. There are at present eight denominations united in this enterprise. At the ses-

sion this vear the attendance was ries away and they are never in the nearly 1,000. It aims to maintain the same spot for any two delegates.

highest spiritual atmosphere and this There are, however, doubtless some year a Prayer Room was set apart common to all pictures.

for group or individual intercession No one will forget the moment when and its influence was felt. There Mrs. Peabody led forward her "Lady were many who, like Martin Luther, of the Lamp," for so she had seen her were conscious that "they were being a decade ago coming out 0'£ the dark- prayed for," through the days. ness of a south Indian night, to wel- This organization is the only one come a small group of round the world in the twin-cities through which mes- travelers. There are British families sages can quickly be sent to the on whom India has cast its spell and women of all the churches, and it generation after generation they hear makes itself useful in thus broadcast- the call. So has the Scudder family ing important information. Its great in America heard it ever since that worth is also shown in the beautiful day. in 1819 when Dr. John Scudder friendship among the women of dif- saiLed for India as the first apostle of ferent communions, and in the I'lense the art of healing from the Christian of power in unity for the furthering West to the disease stricken East. One mav remember best the three calls in of the Kingdom of God. the" night, or the three blind men on AT CHAMBERSBURG the Gudiyattam Road who thought, Master we are ready alas, they were not. too late or that May we hear thy call, group of Indian girls who make the To the task thou sendest first graduating class at the Union Be it great or small,- Medical College at VeIlore claim 1922 Be jt near or distant,- for its class numerals. It was an Saviour we will be, Underneath thy flaming cross, ever to be remembered privilege to Dedicate to thee. have the woman who is its head, Dr.

This was sung first by a group of Ida Scudder, a conference guest. Out camp girls at the Wilson College Con- in VeIl ore therc will be a new" cook ference and it proved to be the prize house" because of it.

song." Its rhythm and challenging There was also the Little School of thought soon caught the conference Missions where the Chambersburg group and then gripped them with its children gathered each m'orning under meaning. Under the consecrated skilled leadership and after the close leadership of more than two score men of the sessions, leaders of beginners, and women in Bibhl or mission study primary, junior and intermediate class with Dr. W. B. Jennings, Mrs. groups in their home churches fol- D. E. Waid, Mrs. W. T. Elmore and lowed their observation with discusin the more informal discussion group sion periods on the work of the school. lmified and crystallized in its thinking by Mrs. E. C. Cronk, Mrs. Samuel Perhaps the most symbolic moment SC]llple, Anita B. Ferris, the chal- of the conference was at the close of lenging call of India's heritage or the the denominational rallies. Led by progressive movement of the "Van- representative~ 6f China, India and guard of a Race" made method and the Philippines, the seven hundred motive never seem more impelling or and eighty-four delegates left their contagious enthusiasm in the home sixteen denominational groups and in Chllrch more alluring. an ever widening circle on the beauti- ful campus formed one great group, There are always high lights in the more conscious than ever of the joy composite conference picture one car- of being one in Christ the round world *Copies may be obtained from Miss Marcia over. Kerr, 156 Fifth Ave.. New York. at 2 cents each. They are sold for the benefit of the Vellore " Weenter to learn, Medical School. We leave to serve."

FROM MANY

JAPAN-CHOSEN TILe White Slave Traffic T J A Great Memorial Fund APAN has :played so significant HIS year 1S celebrated the fiftieth part in recent international con- anniversary of the Church of ventions that some of her friends are Christ in .Japan, which unites the disappointed over her failure to join Japanese Christians of thE' various the thirty-four nations which partic- Presbyterian and Reformed Churches. ipate in a conference on the white They propose to establish a Memorial slave traffic in 1920. Dr. Nitobe, Fund of $250,000, to be used as fol- writing in the Japan A.dvertiser, lows: Special Evangelistic Fund, point8 out, with regret, that the Gov- $150,000; Headquarters Building, ernment of Japan never approved the $50,000; Fellowship Fund for Min- agreements of the 1904 and 1910 con- isters, $25,000; Sunday School Fund, ferences and, furthermore, that a test $15,000; €xpenses of the delegation to case, known as th€ Misao Chiyono the United States, $5,000; Promotion Case, presented to the prosecutors of and Administration, $5,000. the courts of the Empire from the The Japanese Christians, although lowest to the highest showed that their average wealth is far less than there is no law in Japan adequate to that of the average American Chris- proteet the virtue or personal liberty tians, propose to raise $125.000 of thi~ of ,Japanese women and girls, at home sum in Japan, and the missionaries or abroad. The Women's Christian have expressed the earnest hope, our Temperanc€ Union, that carried for- Board of Foreign 1'ITissions very heart- ward the test casp, have prepared a ily concurs, that the other $125,000 bill based on the Convention of 1920, !lold will be secured in America as a and providing for the needed protecthank offering for the signal blessings tion of women and girls. This bill has been carefully preparcd by the asthat God has bestowed upon mission- sistance of a Japanese lawyer long ary work in Japan. interested in the slibiect and con- Memorial to Frank L. Brown versant with similar la,";,s in England, France and the United States of T HE Business Committee of the America. A member of the House World's Sunday School Associa- from Shinagawa has undertaken to tion has endorsed the plan presented present the bill to the Diet. by the Rev. S. Imamura, General Sec- retary of the National Sunday School AFlsociation of Japan, for a Sunday- The Power of the Word school building in Japan, to be known THE C. M. Outlook for July tells as the Frank L. Brown Memorial an incident, which illustrates the Building. Dr. Brown organized the convicting power of the Bible, well Japan Sunday School Association six- termed by a recent writer, "the un- teen years ago and visited Japan four fettered missionary": "A young Jap- times with such results that the Eighth anese became a Christian and decided World's Sunday School Convention to be trained as a Christian worker.

was held in Tokyo. The Convention His father-an ardent Buddhist and was to Japlm an epoch making event a man of about sixty-nve years of age Imd opened wide the door for Chris- -did hig utmost to deter his son, by tianity in Japan ….. The proposed entreaties, anger, and by driving him huilding will stand for friendship and from home. The father then bought a peace between these two' nations. New Testament, to fit himself to con- 751

fute his son's beliefs. Beginning with went among Japanese in .China, St. Matthew's Gospel, he read on, and Manchuria and Korea, and IS now the words: 'The Son of Man is come in North Japan. The object of this to save that which was lost' gripped year's campaign is to awaken sleep- him, and led him to give his allegianee ing churches and to set them to to the Saviour. Great was the son's work evangelizing their neighbors. joy, when he was sent for, to find that In three months, 20,000 attended his prayers had been answered and his meetings for unbelievers and that his father was a Christian. For nearly 6,000 professed conversion' to five years the old man lived to wit- Christ. He reports a wonderful ness to his new faith. When he died change in the attitude of the Japanese he-a samurai decorated by the Em- toward Christianity during the past peror-asked that his tombstone might few years-an evidence of the work of bear the words: 'A servant I)f Jesus, the Spirit of God. He says: gone home to Heaven.' " "The country is becoming riper for The Lighted Cross evangelization. In one of the southern provinces of Kyushu I held a mass ACCORDING to the Japan Evan· meeting in a large lecture hall of one [ldist, there has been ereeted on of the government schools, a prepara- the steeple of the East Methodist tory college for Imperial University. Church, Osaka, .Japan, an electric To hold an evangelistic meeting in a memorial cross, about eight feet high government school building was quite and constructed of steel boxing, with- exceptional. There were about one in which are sixteen lamps, all pro- thousand people present, mostly of the tected by a ground glass front. The educated class. Among them were work was superintended by one of the many college professors, teachers of stewards of the church, who is a civil all kinds of schools, students, govern- engineer connecterl with large steel ment officers, and also the more inworks. The cross is illuminated 'while telligent town people. I preached, as services are in progress in the church. usual, my 'Three Hour Sermon' and The building is so located at the head at the end of the meeting 508 persons of a wide street, at the top of a rise, professed openly to accept Jesus that the cross can be distinctly seen, Christ as their Saviour. on both sides of the street, one of the broadest in the city, for about fifteen "This is not an isolated case. In blocks. It shines with unusual bril- another place there were 320 decisions liancy and is strikingly impressive. out of 530 unbelievers in the audience. '''I'hp light is steady and regular; The field is white to the harvest but not intermittent, as the light of the how few are the laborers! Pray to Cross should ever be." Already, one the Lord to send more into the field. young mau has been attracted to the Thank God over one hundred thou- ehurch and has started anew his sands of the 'Three Hour Sermons' Christian life. The cross was erectlld, have been sent out this year and are a few months ago, as a memorial to doing splendid work, especially where Hatton D. Towson, by his parents who the living voices of Christian nre misRionAries of the lVI. E. Church, preachers have not yet penetrated." South, in Japan. Sunday-sehool Advanee in Korea Paul KanaDlori's CaDlpaign T HE Korean Church is laying large . THIS consecrated Japanese evan- emphasis upon Sunday-school gelist is conducting a Gospel work. It has been decided to continue the Sunday-school forward movement, campaign in all the Presbyterian whiC'h hafl been a feature of the work Churches of Japan and her depen- in Korea for the past year, for at dencies. Having visited Formosa, least two years more. Formal request Kyushu and other islands, he later has come from the Sunday School

NEWS FROM MANY LA1><lJS

Association of Korea to the World the days of fighting around Paotingfu, Sunday School Association asking over 1,300 wounded were brought into that two trained leaders be sent for the hospitals of the town, and the special work during the next. two Taylor :Memorial Hospital cared for years. The Northern Presbyterian most of the worst cases. Apparently Church has been asked to send a man the authorities thought that When real during the coming fall, and the South- medical and surgical attention was ern Presbyterian Church has been re- needed, there was no place like the quested to" send Rev. W. T. Thompson, Christian mission hospital. The un- D.D., of Union Theological Seminary, anticipated rush of work made it neces- Richmond, Virginia, for six months, sary to bring in two extra doctors, two beginning with September, 1923. It is X-ray men and three nurses to help planned to use these men in numerous out …. The hospital owned no X-ray institutes to which local workers will machine, and had to borrow one be brought; also for special instruc- from a better equipped institution. tion in Sunday-school methods in the General 'Vu was taken in to see a dem- onstrlltion of the way in which the various Bible institutes and theological machine worked, and his interest was seminaries. -Christian ObSeT1Jer. so Ilroused that he immediately prom- ised Ihe ho~pital the $6,000 necessary CHINA to buy one of their own.

Union University Proposed -The Continent.

T HE lHay number of the Boone Beginnings in Indo-China Bulletin, a four-page publication issued by Boone University, the col- F OR years the Presbyterian mission- aries in Siam have been praying lege conducted by American Episcopal that the door into the French side of the peninsula would be opened, so missionaries in Wuchang, UnCihvienra~ that missionaries could go into French discusses a plan for a Union Indo-China and preach the Gospel. Now the prayer has been answered and sity for Central China, ,to be formed the door is opened. Dr. Taylor has preached and distributed Scriptures hy the cooperation of Boone, Yale in in Luang Prabang and found the peo- ple eager to listen and receive. Mr. China, Griffith John College (London Stewart has reaehed Roy Ett and spent some time there at work with a band }fis~ionary Society) , Wesley College of Siamese helpers, mostly from Chiengmai. Mr. Callender has gone (Wesleyan Missionary Society of Eng- to Yuankiaug where Mrs. Dodd has been for some time and there is an land), Huping College (Reformed urgency up there very unusual among the 'l'ai. These three openings call Church), and possibly one or two for missionary expansion, in spite of the ,'xisling shortage of workers at the others. This would place the faculties established stations.

and resources of these five at the dis- posal of each, greatly strengthening the arts and sciences. Separate courses would probably still be given by each, especially in theology.

Boone's great Middle Sehool of three hundred students would continue as it is and the college students would continue to live together in their own college building and share their col- lrge life.

General Wu's Gift INDIA GENERAL WU Pei Fu, the victo- Christianity's Place in India rious Chinese soldier who turned back Chang. and his armies on their A CONTRIBUTOR to the Christian recent raid from Manchuria, has prom- Patriot, Madras, evidently replyised the Presbyterian Mission at Pao- ing to an article which had called· attingfu $6,000 ThIex. with which to tention to the comparatively small purchase an X-ray machine. During nnmber of Brahmins among the con- verts to Christianity, first states sev- 6

eral obvious reasons why the early adulterating it or toning it down. In missionaries had concerned themselves the third place, I would suggest that chiefly with the lower classes, and con- you should emphasize the love side of tinues: "Till now India was quietly Christianity more, for love is central Rubmitting to the good will of the in your religion. Another suggestion Britons and their religion, but a re- J would mllke is that you should study action has come now for throwing non-Christian religions more sym- away all that is European, and Chris- pathetically in order to find the truth tianity is not being shown any excep- that is in them, and then a more sym- tion. Is it strange? Is it not in ac- pathetic approach to the people will cOl'dance with the times 1 Now, what be possible. "

should the present counteraction be?

Let Christialls and Christian workers A Christian Woman Councillor throw off the outward garb of Western- AN Indian Christian leader in Madism and appear as truly Indian, by ras, Mr. M. D. Devadoss, was apforgetting Western hats and boots and pointed a few months ago Judge of covering themselves in the Indian t,he Madras High Court. Now his fashion. The religious teachers may wife, reports the Dnyanodaya, has similarly be clothed as sadhus. These been selected by the Madras Govern- Indianized forms would surely appeal ment as a member of the Municipal to Indians and would not bring forth Council of Madras City. The Madras or intensify any hatred or opposition. Corporation has recently requested We are allIed away by a sort of gen- the Government to fill a vacancy by eral idea that the Christian missionary nominating a woman, so as to help on had not left any impression on the the various causes associated with upper classes. 'rhis is far from a fact. women and children, and the Indian Let us analyze the present conditions. Christian community is to be con- What has brought the idea of free gratUlated on the choice of Mrs. M. D. thought T Is it not owing to the free Devadoss for this honorable and reinfiltration of the Christian universal sponsible position. freedom through high schools and college missionary …. institutions 1 ANew Chri.tian Settlement What has brought about the idea of S OME twenty years ago the desert universal brotherhood in a land of eountry of Sindh was brought steel-walled compartments of caste 1 under cultivation by a huge irrigation Is it not the influence of the wide- canal caUed the ,Jamrao. In order to spread ideas of Christianity 1 The cultivate this large new area, laborers hearts of Hindus who have had any- were brought from the Punjab. Since thing to do with Christian colleges or 1914, the Church Missionary Society high schools have been changed by the representative stationed at Hyderabad gentle influence of Christian teach- has been working among this class, ings. " and many of them have become Chris- Gandhi's Advice to Missionaries tians, but they were widely scattered, very poor and ignorant, utterly un- AT a gathering of Indian Christians read and lqrgely untaught, and had no and British missionaries which waf Christian public opinion to guide held before his imprisonment, Gandhi them. Now a number of Punjabi was asked how Christians could make Christian soldiers, having been demob- Christianity a real force in the na- ilized, have received grants of land tional life of India. He replied: "I here in recognition of their services.

would suggest four things. First, that Other Christians have joined them, all your missionaries and Indian making more than six hundred in all, Christians should begin to live as but alf are poor and first expenses on Jesus Christ did. Second, you should the land are very heavy. A coopera- lill practice your religion without tive credit society has been formed

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

among them which is registered by the a number of years ago. He had a government and subject to audit and cataract removed from one of his eyes control. By its means the people bor- a year or two later. The hospital asrow money and lend it to the society sistant to whom he spoke of his int-ermembers all mutual unlimited liabil- O'st was not himself a Christian, and ity. '1'he settlement is really a theo~­ the man went away unsatisfied. As a racy, with each member directly cataract was formi'n g on the other eye, related to the church and governed by he started again for Meshed, and in the panchayat or church committee. l'ishapur met Rev. Mr. Miller. Dr. Each landholder is expected to give a Donaldson continues; "Early one tenth of his income, when he has one, morning he gave me a note from Mr. to the church. For'two or three years Miller, saying that he thought he was the colonists will have to struggle to a man not far from the kingdom. I live and payoff their loans and to im- had nn intense interview with him for prov[) their lands and stock. Then it an hour and a half, without knowing is hoped a church and boarding school that he h~d been traveling on a camel will be built, and that in fact it will be all night and had come to me ima self-supporting church. mediately on his arrival in Meshed. He hAd four days' instruction in Chris- A Leper's Sacri:lice tian belief before going to the hospital. 'rhl3 serond cataract has been success- REV. A. H. BESTALL, writing in fully removed, and after a few days' 'Without the Camp, the magazine rest. with the help of spectacles he will of the Mission to 1Jepers, says; "All be able to read again. He will remain throngh the years we have, in Burma, a 'week or two in Meshed for further found spiritual r-ecreation in our leper instruction and admission to the work. Always trying in its association ellUrch, and then. as he says, he wants with loathsome disease; frequently to go back to Sabzevar and find some disappointing in many ways; yet no new brethren there. As I write I hear brighter gleams of encouragement and one of th" Christians, who has h'arned hope have been emitted from any to read since his baptism, reading to sphere of work than those that have this old man from the Testament …. 1 shone from this wonderful and smitten knew you would rejoice with us in area of anI' mis'lion field." this man with his new eyes and his new heart." One such "gleam" is the following story of a service in the Home for God's Call to Work for Moslems Lepers, at whieh the work of the British and Foreign Bible Society was D R. H. R. BOYES, of the Presbydescribed. '1'he collection amounted terian Hospital in Lebanon, Sy-' to nearly ten shillings, though the ria, reports an aspect of the French pighty Burmese lepers present were evacuation of Cilicia which may have all very POOl'. Among the coins was a sprions results for the Kingdom of rupee, which was put in bv one of the Ged. He ~aYH: "We understand that poorest of the lepers. When asked almost 'Every Christian has left Cilicia. how he wouln find enough to buy food lIfany Moslems alsq fied, especially if when a third of his month's curry al- they had been friendly to the French. lowanc-e went in a moment into the It is another serious blow to the work collection, he said: "No matter, I will of the missionaries in that region, eseat less; I want my money to do necially those of the American Board. good." Tt is exceedingly disheart-ening. This is the s(~cond time their work has been MOSLEM LANDS absolutely disorganized in less than ten years. Some missionaries in that New Eyes and a New Heart section say that they look on tbis as God '6 hand leading them into more DR. DWIGHT ]1. DONALDSON, of Meshed, Persia, writes of an elderly Moslem, who purchased a gospel

direct work among the Moslems. It "The American Presbyterian Mishas always been the policy in the Near sion in Meshed is in a strong, healthy East to endeavor to revive the spirit- way of development. The difference ual life in the existing Christian between the Mohammedan Arabs and ehurches in order to put a better the IIIohammedan Persians is striking. standard of Christianity before the In Algier" evet'y convert must be won Moslems. As a result the direct work by a pas5ionate effort of prayer and a to win I1foslems has been limited. fight with the powers of darkness; Often such times as these ush-er in here souls come to the light of Christ spiritual blessing. We are praying in a much quip,ter way, and suffer that this may be the case and every much less than converts from among opportunity is being grasped to pre- the Arabs." sent Christ as Saviour." Near East Relief Mi•• de Mayer in Turkestan I T IS estimated that at least one mil- WITH much difficulty having ob- lion people are living in the Near tained the necessary pap-ers and East today who would have perished pormits from the Soviet authorities, had it not been for American aid, and Miss Jenny de Mayer, the Russian many lives are still being saved. Near evangelist, has disappeared into the East Relief is conducting 124 orphan- "great unknown" which Russia repre- ages, in which there are 64.107 chilsents to the outsider. This fearless dren, and ther:e are practically 50,000 and faithful woman left Meshed, others, outside the orphanages, who Northeast Persia, on the 29th of are dependent upon Near East Relief May for Askhabad and Tashkent. She for the necessities of life. At Alexsays: andropol alone, where there are 18,000 in the orphanages, there are at least "Although the epidemic of typhus 20,000 additional children who are is subsiding, cholera is on the way, homel-ess. Indnstries of various types, and 1 shall gladly serve and do my adapted to the training of men, wombest as a nurse. After that, I hope to en and children. are conducted at most be set free for work with my tracts of the relief stations. No opportunity among the Mohammedans. I shall try is lost to develop the largest possible to do work in the Mohammedan W om- measure of self-support in connection en's Hospital. Rev. Dwight Donald- with all relief work. The people natson of the American Presbyterian urally are frugal, thrifty. and eager Mission, will keep my precious tracts for their industrial independence. and the Russian Scriptures until I in- Given a single year of peace and stable form him that I am free to do book- government free from attacks of work again. I have announced myself enemies. and the adult population to the Sovirt consul here as a follower would regain complete self-support. of Jesns Christ >lnd all the officials have been astonishingly kind. AFRICA "Things seem to readjust them- Egypt Eager for Knowledge selves politically and economically but the famine brings the sufferings to the T HE World War has developed in people, and is expected also for next Egypt a thirst for knowledge that winter as our granary-the Volga dis- is without parallel in history. The tricts-has become a perfect waste. Moslem is now listening to "the voices Tbe grain from America seems not to from the 'Vest" to which in the past have arrived in time for sowing. There he turned a deaf ear. The war has is a great hunger also for spiritual driven the army truck into his mud food. Pray that the Holy Spirit may village and causf'd the aeroplane to use me in whatever way He willeth to alight in his field. He scratches his do, head in awe and wonder and says to his neighbor, ''"This magic comes from

1922J NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

the white man's brain; our children Thou mayest steal from a white man must have this knowledge. We will or enemy native.

send them to the Christian school." "When thou cuttest off thy hair, So great is the demand for education thou shalt cover it with earth, so that that 400 Egyptian students had to be no one may use it for sorcery to thy turned away from a single institution hurt.

of higher education last year. Mer- "If thou hast hurt thyself, thou chant, missionary, and journalist unite shalt cover the blood with earth, so in bearing testimony to an openness of that no dog may lick it, for that would mind and a readiness to discuss truth kill thee. that are full of significance for the future, not only in Egypt but in the "Thou shalt not enter a grave or whole Moslem world. The American e,'en point to it with a finger, for that University at Cairo, at the end of but disturbs th€ rest of the dead and they two years of its work, has an enrol- will hurt thee."

C. ment of over two hundred carefully A Poisoner Baptized selected undergraduates, sixty per M. S. missionaries report that the cent of whom are Mohammedan. work in Shuhra Zanga, a town Lord Selborne's TestiDlony in the Nile Valley of Egypt, is most encouraging. A few years ago a T HE following testimony to the serious attempt was made by some of value of missionary work by the the villagers to poison the Church Earl of Selborne appears in the Missionary Society's two English Church Miss',:onary Review for June: women workers there. Since that time "It is not possible for an Englishman all opposition has been broken down, to travel through Nigeria without and really wonderful meetings are pride in the splendid work accom- held in the mission compound. "One plished in twenty years by his fe11ow- of the men who was involved in the countrymen, government officials, en- poison conspiracy has since been bap- gineers, traders, and missionaries …. tized, and we hope in a few weeks to In West Africa, as elsewhere, it was hold our first adult baptismal service the missionaries who were first in the in Menonf church, when three men field, and who have done more than from Shubra Zanga will be baptized."

any other agency to turn the native from barbarism into sound channels. " EUROPE Difficulties in Salonica Native African CODlDlandDlents MRS. J. R. BREWSTER writes to the Missionary Herald as follows T HE customs and superstitions that ('oncerning conditions in Salonica, govern the lives of the Bushmen in Greece: South Africa are powerful enough to be called "commandments" in the re- "There were two missionaries here port of the Rhenish Missionary So- .for more than twenty years before ciety. Mr. Vedder, who enumerates Salonica became Greek, but all of their the following among others, states that evangelistic work was done in the Bulfailure to observe them is likely to re- garian language. The coming of the Greeks nineteen years ago cut off all sult in death. orthodox Bulgarian churches and "Thou shalt eat only the rump of schools, so of course the Protestant work suffered the same fate. With the the flesh of animals. The vitals and legs are for the women and children.

Whoeycr eats forbidden meat shall die. readjustment of boundary lines since "Thou shalt not steal anything from the Great War, most of these twenty- a bushman. Whoever catches a strange seven outstations in the Bulgarian- woman or a child stealing has the right speaking villages lie within Serbian to kill the woman with a club and to boundaries, and are being taken over tie the child to a tree and burn it alive. by the Methodist church ….

" ..Ve think much about the thirty Czecho-Slovak Church, which in real- Protestant families from the Black Sea ity i, Protestant, since it has conserved region located in three refugee vil- only a few of the Catholic rites and 1ages just an hour's train ride out does not acknowledge the authority of from the city. The pastor who is Rom(~, are counted as Protestants, shepherding them is preaching Sun- there has heen an increase of 500 per days and teaching day school in a cent. '1'he number of people without tent, teaching for the first time in his church attachment also shows a conlife …. They are such lovable peo- siderable increase. ProfessoI' Emil ple and so responsive. If no Amer- Radl of the Univer~ity of Prague ican backs the school, the Government writes that it is inadvisable to take the may dose it down." figures of the recent census as final, because changes of confession are still Ohurches Need Help very frequent. Rev. Kenneth D.

B EFORE the war there was com- nrIiller recently made a trip through paratively little work undertaken Czecho-Slovakia, representing the by American churches for the con- Presbyterian Church in the U. S. A.

tinent of Europe, because Protestantism there was adequately represented; MethodiSt Mission in Poland but now there is great need for T HE mission of the M. E. Church, friendly aid. Protestant institutions, South, in Poland reports that" the churches, eolleges, seminaries, schools work is just now becoming well orare reporteu face to face with bank- ganized. Because of the dire need of ruptcy. :Ministers and the widows of the people, the work has thus far been ministers are suffering great privation. chiefly one of relief …. Weare now As it is, "American Protestants have making good progress on our religious given more largely to the reconstruc- program. Rev. G. W. Twynham is its tion of the Cathedral at Rheims than superintendent. When he came to for the reconstruction of Protestaut Warsaw last September and held his churches. " The Waldensian Church, first religious service in one of our misled by expectation of large contri- dwelling rooms, there were twelve peobutions from the United States Inter- ple present. Now we have a large church Movement, is heavily in debt. hall for regular church services, with In Hungary, it is reported, many pas- a probationary membership of fifteen tors are receiving not more than the Imd a congregation of some two hun- equivalent of $100 a year salary. Far dred. We have a large church iu Dan- worse is the condition of widows and si!l', Imd smaller ones in Chodziez and orphans of ministers. In Czecho-Slo- Grudziadz. In Warsaw we have four vakia the need is not so much for aid services on Sunday, Bible class in repairing ruins and relieving dis- Wednesday night, and religious in- tress as it is for meeting adequately struction classes tllree times a week.

the great opportunity provided by the I am sure the Lord is blessing us. If millions now turning from Rome to we can only hold up the torch faith- Protestanism.-The Congregationalist. fully·-both at home and abroad-we will one day have cause for great News from Ozecho-Sl"7al<ia rejoicing.' , T HE results of a recent census in the Repnblic of Czecho-Slovakia Persecution in Rumania E were published this spring. From VEN though, as stated in the June Review, the Rumanian Governthese it appears that in the three most important districts of Bohemia the ment has cancelled the edicts against numbt'r of Catholics has dropped the Baptists, and there is no longer about 25 per cent since 1910, while the any legal gronnd for interference with number of Protestants has increased them, the spirit of persecution finds over 45 per cent. If adherents to the frequent expression in irregular acts

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

of intolerance and violence. The de- country. Portugal has remained until plorable weakness of the Rumanian now almost the only country in Government in dealing with the per- Europe that has had no national or- secutors appears clearly from the ganization, though there have been wrongs recently perpetrated, which two or three societies in the past. The are cited by Dr. J. H. Rushbrooke, first one was formed by Rev. Diogo Baptist Commissioner for Europe, and Cassels, nearly twenty years ago. It which have gone unpunished. These is no wonder that the societies are few, include the case of a minister who was since in all Portugal, with its six mil- cross examined by the local priest re- lions of inhabitants, there are only garding his Baptist faith, thereupon five thousand Protestant Christians; arrested by the gendarmes and beaten but, small as the organization must into insensibility; another who was necessarily be, it seems to be full of arrested and brutally beaten by the life ana to have commanded the at- gendarmes; and many others who tention of many of the most notable have been arrested for holding serv- Protestants of the country.

ices. In one place the local priest lies in wait for the Baptists going to serv- A Consecrated Business ice on Sunday and beats them. SOME of the most earnest supporters (If missions are those who, for German Free Church Movement health reasons, have been rejected for AN article by Canon Streeter in the service on the foreign field. A young British Weekly on the beginnings Englishman, who six years ago was of a free church movement in Ger- pronounced lmfit for missionary serv- many states that before the World ice, made this resolve: "If, then, it is War, besides the Roman Church, there God '8 will for me that I must remain were more than twenty Protestant in this country in business, my busi- state churches. Practically all of the ness shall be the Lord's and all the states composing the federation known profits shall be devoted to his work in as the German Empire had each its foreign lands." He entered business own established church. Some of life. His first year's profit was £75.

these are Lutheran, other Calvinist. This he sent to the mission board. The The revolution of 1918 abolished next year he sent £480, the year fol- state churches, and also the princes lowing £1,024, and successively £2,500, who were regarded as their heads. At £3,000, and last year £3,500. In these first an attempt was made to establish six years he has paid in £10,579, in- a United Evangelical Church, but the stead of the personal service he was differences between Lutheranism and not permitted to render.

Calvinism prevented it. Now the con- ~-R6cord of Christian Work.

stitution for a Federal United Church has been agreed upon. It was initiated LATIN AMERICA on Ascension Day by a solemn service Persecution in lIexico S in the historic Church of Wittenberg. TORIES of fanatical outbreaks Canon Streeter says the economic against workers in Mexico are straits are added to the difficulties of coming from several sources. Accordorganization which must be overcome; ing to a report in the Chicago Tribune but the supply of candidates for the in July, two I:'rotestant ministers were ministry has not fallen off. attacked in the town of San Pablo, in the state of Tiaxcala, by a mob which Christian Endeavor in Portugal threatened to burn them as spies of DURING a recent visit to Portugal Ameri(Jan Protestant agitators. Only of Rev. Ernest Sauvin, General the interference of the authorities pre- Secretary of the European Christian vented them from being murdered.

Endeavor Union, a national Christian The Bible Society Record tells a most Endeavor Union was formed in that harrowing story of an attack in a vil-

lage in the state of Durango on a party giving this last assistance that some of consisting of a Miss Streator, a mis- the great religious bodies have cosionary who has been for some years operated so splendidly. a regular correspondent of the Bible Society, and four Mexican Christians, A Japanese Missionary to Brazil two of them colporteurs. On their arrival in the village, they notified the T HE missionary spirit has recently village authorities of what they were hao a significant illustration in a going to do. 'rhis procedure is purely JapanesB graduate of Auburn Theoa matter of courtesy in these days, for logical Smninary, Rev. JHidori Kobaythe constitution and laws of Mexico ashi. He was a graduate of Doshisha permit entire fr_cedom of religious University, .Japan, and having been propaganda and worship. The presi- awarded by a Committee in Japan one dent was even gracious; apparently of the Oriental Scholarships, he came all was well, and they felt free to be- to Auburn Seminary in 1918 to pregin their work. Soon afterward the pare for the ministry. After gradbells of the parish church rang loudly uation in 1921 he went to New York and a mob gathered which not only City to earn money to take him home. insulted and robbed the party, but While in New York he heard of 30,000 knocked them down, and stoned them Japanese in Brazil, absolutely without and attacked them in various ways, spiritual guidance, even from a Budfinally driving them out of the village. dhist priest. This stirred his heart and he resolved that if possible he would The Church on the Canal Zone go to Brazil as a missionary to his own people there. He wisely sought the T HE story of the development of moral support of a missionary board the Union Church on the Canal in order that he might undertake this Zone is a striking illustration of the serv.ice but found that no mission growing" work-together" spirit of the board working in that mission field Protestant churches in the United could give him either financial or moral support. Undaunted, he re- States. solved to go at the earliest possible The men who made the Canal, es- moment at his own charges. Patiently and self-denyingly he worked in a pecially those who had their fa~i~ies restaurant until he had saved enough with them, decided that by umtmg money to take him to Brazil and sailed their services and their gifts they in December. 1921. He is now workcould have at each center of popula- ing at Sao Paolo without financial or tion one strong church. The denom- morni backing from any Board but is inat'ionalleaders in the states, with the cheerfully, hopefully, courageously exception of the Southern Baptists, witnessing for Christ. It stirs the the Lutherans and the Episcopalians, heart to find a man, himself thB cordially supported this practice. product of missionary zeal, going to a Thel'c is now one union church that land foreign to him and giving himextends from the Atlantic to the self to this self-denying and single- Pacific, with congregations at Cristo- handed missionary endeavor. bal, Gatun, Pedro, Miguel and Balboa, which has paid its own local bills, the NORTH AMERICA salaries of its pastors, built parsonages for them, paid $1,800 a year towa:d Plans for Bible Anniversary the missionary work of the MethodIst Episcopal Church at David, Panama, T HE American Bible Celebration and given $16,000 of the $100,000 put Committee, with headquarters at into church buildings. They fully ex- the Bible Rouse in New York City, pect to do this, only hoping that their has been formed to arrange for the brothers in the states will complete celebration on October 4, 1922, of the the erection of the church buildings fiftieth anniversary of the first formal and provide the equipment. It is in meeting of the American scholars who

1922J NEWS FROM MANY LANIJS

comtituted the American Revision " 3. To encourage fellowship between the Committee, and whose persistent Churches on the basis of Christian funda- labor'S during the ensuing thirty years mentals. result~d in the American Standard Bible. "4. To distribute evangelical literature through the placing of literature racks in Episcopal Missionary Budget hotels, railway stations, office huildings and shops. (One million of these racks are A '!' a meeting of the Presiding neederl throughout the United States and Bishop and Council of the Epis- Cannda.) eopal Chnrch, held in New York in Jnly, it was voted to present to the "5. To place 'Go to Ohurch' and scrip- triennial general convention, which tural sign boards and Sunday-school lesson will be held in Portland, Ore., begin- bill posters in prominent localities in con- ning Sept. 6th and continuing three nection with revival campaigns. Literature weeks, a resolution setting $21,000,000 racks also will be placed during these meet· as the budget to be raised in the ings. " next three years for the foreign and home mission work. Instead of Recent Religious Statistics simply asking the Episcopal churches to donate that sum, however, an ACCORDING to statistics gathered itemized list of the needs of the by the Federal Council of hospitals, colleges, seminaries and mis- Chmches, and printed in the Year sion stations will be placed before the Book of the Churches which has just communicants,' with the amount each been i~sucd, of every 106 persons in "need" will cost. In this way it is the United States, 10 have no religious hoped to create a greater personal in- affiliation and 96 are affiliated through terest. membership, financial support, at- tendance or other ties with various re- The Bible by Radio ligiolls bodies, as follows: WE recognize that the Bible is the Protestant, 75; Roman Oatholic, 18; most modern book in the world, other faiths, 3; no religious affiliation, 10. and so it does not seem strange to hear Total, 106. how easily it relates itself to the present-day interest in radio. It is The Year Book of the Churches reported that the Bible is broadcasted gives the total church population of by the Westinghouse Company from the country as follows: their Radio Broadcasting Station in Newark, N. J. Daily readings are Homan Catholic, ……… . 17,885,646 from selections made by P. Whitwell Eastern Orthodox, ……. . 411,054 Wilson, author of "The Christ We I,atter Day Saints, ……. . 587,918 Forget" and other religious books, Je,vish, …………….. . 1,600,000 and correspondent for the London Protestant, …………… . 75,099,489 Daily N elVS. 95,584,107 Christian Fundamentals League The Protestant figures include 30,- T HE Christian Observer states the 000,000 members and 40,000,000 ad- following as the program adopted herents. Since the Catholic basis of by the Christian Fundamentals League computation is "population" it does of America: not make a fair comparison to limit the other statistics to communicant "1. To hold evangelistic campaigns, Sun- membership, as is usually done. On day-school institutes and Bible school con- this basis the Methodist and Baptist ferences. churches have a greater constituency than the Roman Catholic Church, the "2. To issue literature and send fDrth fi gures bein g : evangelists and lecturers fO'r' the purpDse Df enlightening the people regarding the cults Methodists, ………….. 22,171,959 and 'modernism.' Baptists, …………….. 21,938,700 Roman Catholics, ……… 17,885,646 Training for Christian Women O"'E of .the sch0.ol~ offering exc~ll~nt practIcal trammg for ChrlstIan women is located at 7 Gramercy Park, New Yark. This school was

founded by the Woman's Branch of possible means of cooperation between the New York City Missions and with white and colored churches: "First, the aid of gifts from Mrs. John S. white and colored preachers in every Kennedy and Mrs. A. F. Schauffier community in the South might well has been able to greatly increase its meet once a month for the discussion scope. '1'he English Bible is the center of community, Ilducational and reli- of the curriculum and practical gious activities. 'rhis has been in courses are given in methods of work vogue in a number of communities.

in missions amI church schools. "Second, white ministers should fill Among the lecturers are Dr, John Mc- the pulpits of Negro churches as often Dowell, Dr. A. H. McKinney, Mrs. aR possible and they should preach a W. R. Moody and Dr. T. H. P. Sailer. pure gospel, without seeking to give Expenses $850 a year for tuition and the Negroes patronizing advice. This board or $175 a year for tuition with- has ~ometimes been effected with ex- out board and lodging. The School is cellen t results.

in the heart of New York. "Third, Negro choirs, quartets and WOJllen Students' Program soloists may be asked occasionally to sing in white churches. Where this T HE Student Assembly of the has been tried it has proved very Young Women's Christian Asso- popular. eiation has as its purpose, according "Fourth, Negro Sunday-schools to an article in the Association Month- Rhould be organized in the needy secly, "to direct th'8 influence of student tions of the city and country, and conopinion toward legislation for women sllcrated white men arid women in- Imd children in industry; toward vited to teach in these Sunday-schools. outlawing war,; and toward the de- Here is a need that we have neglected velopment of Christian leadership in this country." This important de- and it has all the prestige that one partment of the Association was re- wants when it is known that Stoneorganized at a meeting held at Hot wall Jackson taught a Negro Sunday Springs in April, and among other school. "

matters of business it was resolved, to The Indian Potlatch continue the support of the Student R ElV. R. C. SCOTT, who is in Frielidship Fund and to extend its charge of the Crosby Marine Mis- sion, conducted by the Canadian field of service to include the faculties ATethodist Church on the coast of as well as students of Central Europe. British Columbia and among the For publicity, arrangements were QU8l'n Charlotte Islands, writ€s of the made with the Association Monthly signific~nce of the heathen Indian by a temporary board of editors, ceremony known as the potlatch, and wheH~by students are to have a sec- continues: "The Indian peoples have tion of about eight pages of the maga- abandoned the camp fires of their fazine, "wherein the student voice is thers and have joined the great outto be heard; student thought, trends, side world. The influences of that tendencies, are to take form in print. "

Church Racial Cooperation world for good and evil are more and more making themselves felt in every SINCE th'8 Christian people in any Indian village. Materialistic Social- Southern community are natural- ism clamors in the ears of the young ly expected to help most in carrying men who work in the logging camps, out any program of interracial co- and the,. white man's pleasures and operation, it is profitable to see what vices are seeking the place of those of.

part the churches as such can play. their fathers', now largely displaced.

Bishop R. E. Jones, accordingly, dis- In some,villages 'Pool' rooms and dance cusses in the journal of the American hallsha,ve be'en built, while no pro'vi- .

Missionary Association the following' sion has been made, at least by the"

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

people themselves, for the expression ninth says that the break-up of the ice of the spiritual life. This creates and this year has been accompanied by renders more difficult the task of the great destruction. Huge ice masses missionary. We are planning suitable borne on the rushing river have been buildings to meet the needs, spiritual hurled against the north bank. Im- and social, of our people, and are co- mense seetiun5 have been cut away.

workers together with you in the Saint Stephen's Church, originally Master's vineyard. " built about four hundred feet back from the river's edge, is now in dan- Self-governing Eskimos ger of going into the river and must COlIPLJiJTIKG a six-thousand mile be torn down and rebuilt further .journey from Point Hope, Alaska, back. Saint Stephen's is the church which con~umed three months and six so intimately aRsociated with Archdays, the Rev. William A. Thomas, deacon Stuck and his helpful ministry Episcopal missionary at Point Hope, at Fort Yukon. It is the home of a three hundred miles north of the large, enthusiastic and generous In- Arctic Circle, brought a remarkable dian congregation. Bishop Rowe has story of a self-governing Eskimo authorized Dr. Burke to make the community which has been success- facts known to friends of Alaska in fully carried on at Point Hope for six this c01mtry. No exact estimate of the years. Under the tutelage of the mis- probable cost of repairing the damage sionaries, equal suffrage has been es- has been made, but it is probable that tablished among the Tigaras, who $5,000 will be necessary for the purannually in town meeting elect from pose.

among themselves the Omalik, or Council of Leading Men, who in turn GENERAL enact the local laws and see to their Missionaries Blame Films enforcement among the thousand na- I N a report from the ''lomen's Board tives who inhabit the region. This for' Foreign Missions, presented to democracy of the frozen North even the annual sessions of the Presbyterian has its own prohibition law, which Synods of Arizona and California, was adopted three years before the meeting in Pasadena, it was said that Prohibition Amendment was adopted the ,motion pictures shown in the in the United States. Orient so misrepresent American life Originally the Omalik was com- that' the work of the missionaries is posed of seven men, but it was found made much more difficult. The na- later that five was a better number. tives of Canton, Shanghai, Tokio, From the beginning of the experiment Calcutta, Bombay and Jerusalem, the right of suffrage was given to men viewing "Vestern" pictures, con- and women alike, in the selection of clude that all American men are the council. This unique venture in "barbaric savages," who gamble for home rule was started six years ago, a living, drink whisky like water, after the breakdown of the autocratic carry two guns and a bowie lmife, rule of a tribal chief, and following and I,ill their fellow nien as a pas- the instruction which has been given time; that American women are dance the younger generation of Eskimos, hall girls who smoke cigarettes, drink through thirty-one years at the Epis- heavily, and" sell th$llselves for a copal School at Point Hope. coin or a smile." The other pictureS!

shown in the Orient are of the eternal Mission Damaged in Alaska triangle variety, the report continued, T HE Yukon River has again played and the missionaries have a difficult havoc with the mission property of time explaining' that all American the American Episcopal Church at men and women are not like the Fort YukOll. A wireless message from characters in the pictures.

Dr. Grafton Burke sent out on June "In Jerusalem, within 100 yards

from the grave in the garden where students to work as Sunday-school the Saviour of the World lay after mIssIOnaries during the summer His crucifixion, there is a movie run months at a specified salary under the by an enemy of all righteousness, direction of home missionary pastors. showing revolting and sensual pic- They organized and reorganized Suntures of American life. These people day-schools, brought into a more active in foreign lands have no means of existence young people's societies, knowing that such presentations are a started Boy Scout and Camp Fire gross libel on the majority of our Girls' clubs, took groups camping, inpopulation. " itiated various types of community ef- fort, led prayer meetings and even Roman Catholic Missions preached. A number of these students who had gone out simply for the sum- A NNALS, a bimonthly paper pub- mer's work, without any idea of mak- lished in England under Roman ing this a permanent effort, returned, Catholic auspices, devotes many pages definitely committed to the ministry of its last issue to a century's record and are now making plans for theoof ., The Propagation of the Faith," logical study at the end of the college which was organized in May, 1822. course. It speaks of "fifty thousand messengers of the Gospel, priests, lay OBITUARY NOTES brothers and sisters, who girdle the globe in their apoStolate," and says DR. GOUCHER OF BALTIMORE. On July of the work in China: "A century 19th, the Hev.•Tohn F. Goucher, D.D., LL.D., ago, China had but a handful of mis- a prominent leader and educationalist in the sionaries-and those hounded down Methodist Episcopal Church and the founder like wild beasts-and very few Christians; today there are no fewer than of Goucher College, Baltimore, died at his 52 Chinese Vicariates, with 1,356 European missionaries, and 936 nati.ve home in Maryland at the age of seventypriests, for two millions of Cathohcs nine. He is survived by his widow and and half a million catechumens." The three daughters. following paragraph on financial affairs is illuminating: "We may Dr. Goucher entered the ministry fifty· doubtless be proud of the twenty three years ago and in 1889 founded the million pounds collected in a century, women '8 college of Baltimore of which he but listen-for it is best said in a was President until 1908. He visited the whisper-are yon aware that the Prot- mission fields of Asia a number of times estant Missions manage to amass an- and accomplished a great work in educa· nually on an average four. million tional missions. He is the author of "Chrispoun~ls? Yes, annually-it is worth tianity and the United States" and" Growth thinking over! Truly, we have our in the Missionary Concept." Dr. Goncher's work cut out, if we may so sa~. but statesmanlike counsels will be greatly missed it will take us some time to emulate in missionary cireles~ that budget." Mas. W. E. SMITH, one of the pioneer Experience Wins Recruits missionaries of the Cainadian Methodist T HE experience of The. Cong-rega- Church in West China, suffered a serions tional Church ExtenSIon Boards during the summer of 1921 may be of breakdown in health on the field, but aid to other denominations which are facing recruiting problem~. T~e Sun- managed to make t.he journey home and day-school Extension SOCIety maugurated the plan of sending out college died one week after reaChing Toronto the last of June. .

*•* MISS BELLE H. BKNN'ETT, for many years a leader in the work of Woman's Home Missions in the M. E. Church, South, passed away at her home in Richmond, Ky., on July 20th.

"* * * REV. WILLIAM H. GULICK, miSSIOnary of the AmericR-ll Board in Spain from 1872- ]919, died in Boston, April 14th.

MKSSIONA}lY

An American Diplomat In China. By Paul to "Old China and the New Repub- S. Reinsch. Bvo. 396 pp. $4. Doubleday lic," seven to "The Passing of Yuan Page and Company, Garden City, N. Y.; Shih-kai," eight to "The .War and 1922. China," and eight to the" Last Year of War and Aftermath." The author As profesor of Political Science in is a firm friend of China, and his the Un,ivprsity of Wisconsin, Dr.· sympathies are clearly with the Chi- Reipsch attracted wide attention by nt'se in their controversies with Japan, his writings on such subjects as bnt he writes in a judicial spirit. "Colonial Administration," "International Unions," "International Cur- rents in the I,'ar East," and' ,World Japanese-American Relations. By Iichiro Politics at the End of the Nineteenth Tokutomi. Translated by Sukeshige Century as Influenced by the Oriental Yanu.igwara. 12mo. 207 pp. Macmillan Situation." 'l'he two latter books so Company, New York, 1922.

imprt'Bsed President Wilson that in The author of this small but im- 1913 he appointed the author United portant volume, an eminent member States lI1inister to China where he of the Japanese House of Peers, servt'd with marked success for six shows frankly and forcibly the atti- J-ear,'!, He tht'n returned to America tudl~ of the Japanese toward America to practice International Law in and Americans. The book is intendeu Washington, and to serve as counsel- primarily for ,Japanese readers and lor in that city to the Chint'Se Gov- has had a wide circulation in Japan. ernment. He is a member of various Mr. Tokutomi does not agree with international societies and has con- those who worship America, nor with tributed many articles to magazines those who seek an excuse for trouble on subjects relating to political with America. He thinks that the science, cssentiaIs of government, anti-Japanese feeling in the United diplomacy, and international law. Is States is increasing, and gives reasons there any living man, therefore, who for believing that Americans fail to can speak with more authority on the do justice to the Japanese. The book questions that he discusses in this is a genuine cross-section of the feelbook? He does not deal with the man- ing in Japan toward the United ners and customs of the Chinese, or wit.h the social, economic, moral and States.

religious questions and makes only a The Rising Temper of the East. By Frazier few incidental references to mission- Hunt. Illustrated. $2.50 net. 8vo. 248 aries and mission work. He writes as pages. Bobbs Merrill Co., Indianapolis, a diplomat regarding the stirring Ind., 1922.

events which occurred during his dip- No one can doubt that the temper lomatic service in Peking from 1913 of the peoples of the Near East and to 1919, beginning with his interview of the Far East is changing but the on his arrival with Yuan Shih-kai, interpretations of causes and effects and closing with his departure to vary vastly. Mr. Hunt is an Amer- Amt'rica. But those were momentous ican traveler who essays to describe years in Peking and Dr. Reinsch was r,onditions in India, China, Japan, at the heart of things. His account of Korea, Australia and elsewhere and what he saw and heard forms an in- to interpret danger signals. He is teresting and valuable chapter in the sympathetic with the struggle for diplomatic history of China and the liberty and for independence of f~r­ Far East. 'ren chapters are devoted eign nomination but he does not gIVe 765

sufficient weight to the benefits con- written by his son. If you cannot read ferred on such a land as India by the larger biography, read this brief British rule or to the unpreparedness sketch of a pioneer who as a boy of most of these eastern peoples for prayed to be sent to "the darkest spot entire independence. He listened, as on earth." a reporter, to the stories told him by native patriots and apparently ac- Enduring Investments. By Roger W. Babcepted them without discrimination. son. 12mo. 199 pages. $1.50. The Mac- He saw unwholesome physical, intel- millan Co., New York, 1922. lectual and moral conditions but he did not see the far worse conditions The investments here referred to of haIfa eentury ago. He recognizes the value of the educational work are material rather than social or done hy Christian missionaries more than the beneficienJ effects of British spiritual but eternal values are recogrule. nized.. Mr. Babson, who is the founder H is extremely interesting to see the Far East through the eyes of a and head of the Babson Statistical wide-awake American reporter, and he writes entertainingly of the Non- Organization, has had much expericooperation Movement in India, the new religions nationalism, the conflict "nee in financial investments and in China, the industrial struggle in Japan, the independence movement in gives some excellent advice as to Korea and the unrest in the Philippines, Haiti and Mexico, but it is not the value, accumulation and use of entirely safe to accept all of his 8tatement~ as facts or to put full confidence mon,,;,'. He believes that wealth is an in his judgment. It is safer to consult those who have had longer experience asset if it does not control the man and have a more intimate knowledge of these lands and who can better in- and that good habits may become a terpret the "Rising Temper of the East." curse if allowed to overrule good John Mackenzie of South Afric'!. By W. D. judgment. . Mackenzie. 12mo. 48 pp. 60 cents net. London Missiomuy Society, England, and Ministers, laymen, WQIIlen and es- George H. Doran Company, New York, 1022. pecially young men will find in this "There were giants in those days" volume a vast amount of interesting -missionnry giants; Christian giants in charadeI' and faith; giants who and valuable advice on the nse and did wonderful things preparing the way and laying foundations for the abnse of time, money and ability, and Church. Perhaps it is because we are too near to the present, but it may be Mr. Babson is Christian in his viewthat there are other reasons why there seem to be fewer missionary point and principles though his exegiants in these days. At any rate to make a Christian giant requires great gesis of Bible teachings is not always faith in a great Goa, and a great soul reliable. with great devotion to a great work. This brief story of one of the mission- William M. Morrison. By T. C. Vinson. ary giants of the past generation is Illustrated. 12mo. 201 pp. 75 cents. Presbyterian Committee of Pnblication, Richmond, Va., 1921.

In the midst of all the labor troubles and cruelties connected with King Leopold's exploitation of the Belgian Congo, Dr. Morrison was engaged in missionary work for twenty years in ihe Luebo district. His labors for the natives were heroic. He studied the language and the people, instituted reforms, acted as a champion of the natives and proved himself a mission- ary statesman and diplomat in his dealin~s with the Belgian officials and litemlly giving his life for the Afri- cans. As a biography this story of his life is disappointing, but it gives many facts that indicate the greatness of the mall and the importance of his work. First Fruits in Korea. By Charles Allen Harry is "out with an axe" for the Clark. Illustrated. 12mo. 38R pp. $1.75 evangelistic missionaries in Africa- net. Fleming H. Revell Co., 1922. especially the "non-conformists, " whom he pictures in a most unfavor- High class missionary fiction baged able light. While missionaries are on facts has a great place in mission- human it is distinctly false to deary literature. Dr. Clark, who has scribe them in general as weak, silly been a Presbyterian missionary in or fleshly. Sir Harry evidently does Korea for twenty years, knows the not understand spiritual motives and work, and only appreciates medical ;8country and the people and has given and industrial missions and other ef- an interesting description in the forts to improve the physical condiform of fiction of the remarkable be- tions and environment of the Africans. ginnings of Christianity in Chosen. He makes uncalled for slurs upon the 'fhe Church has, come up from the missionaries prayer life, their belief midst of ignorance, superstition and in the Bible and their reports of convice, has endured persecution and versions. He is apparently ignorant hardship, has become edu~ated ~nd of such heroes as Moffat and Mackay largely self-supporting, and IS sendmg in African missions, and such transout its own foreign missionaries to formations as those effected in lIanrhuria, Siberia, Japan and China. Mbanza Manteke, Uganda, and else- The story is entertainingly written where. This story is untrue in its and contains a great deal of informa- picture of the better class of missiontion about Korean customs and beliefs aries and in many respects leaves Ii and the methods and results of Chris- bad taste in the mind of the reader. tian mission work. It is a love story of an unusual sort and worth reading.

Outline of Social Work in J:rpan. Pamphlet. The Bible a Missionary Message. By E. O. Prepared by the Bureau for Social Work, Carver. 12mo. Fleming H. Revell Co., ,Japanese Government, 1922. New York. 1921.

Few people in America know what All true Christian missionary work steps the Japanese Government h~s is based on the Bible and from this taken in social welfare work. ThIS great Book of God must come the pamphlet describes the relief work, message of life to the world. Dr. f'ocial hygiene, homes of refuge, lunch Carver, a professor in Louisville Theo~ rooms, temperance, medical service, logical Seminary (Southern Baptist), regulation of prostitution, social s.et- gives here another series of Bible tlements and various forms of chIld studies which will be of real value welfa.re WOl'k, One photograph shows in mission study classes. The author over 1,000 social welfare workers points out the missionary character gathered at the sixth national con- and contents of various portions of feren~e. The volume includes a de- the Scriptures, as God's message to scription of various Christian enter- man. The studies are not unique in prises such as the Y. W. C. A., the originality but they are helpful and Y. M. C. A., the Salvation Army and trustworthy. some missionary work of Protestant Churches. A Century of Endeavor-1821 to 1921. By Miss Julia C. Emery. 12mo. 46~ pp.

The Man Who Did the Right Thing. By Department of Missions, New York, 1921. Sir Harry Johnson. 12mo. $1.75. The The Protestant Episcopal Church Macmillan Co., New York. 1921. has had a remarkably fruitful one This story of missionary life in hundred years of missionary effort, East Africa is distinctly disappoint- described in Mist! Emery's volume. ing and in ~o respect wort~ while- The beginnings were slow and small.

except possibly as a warnmg. The The bishops were hard to move_ Few hero is an unrepentant adulterer and saw beyond the limits of their own the characters are in the main un- dioceses, but nevertheless, mis~ionary pleasant ~nd 1Ulwholesome. Sir wor),: was begun and has grown to

large proportions, through years of Laborers Together. A study of Southern struggle. The history is full of in- Baptist Missions in China. By Margaret terest and lessons for all interested MeRea Lackey. 12mo. 126 pp. $1.00 in the progress of Christianity. It Fleming H. Revell Co., New York. 1921. goes more into denominational detail than will be appreciated by the gen- The Southern Baptist Convention eral Christian reader and the lack of carries on important missionary work maps and illustrations is difficult to in China in six provinces. This little understand in this day of visualiz- study book describes the fields in deing history and progress. The chron- tail, shows the problems, introduces ological and historical tables occupy the workers and describes the results. nearly one hundred pages. It is well presented with maps and pictures and every Southern Baptist Men of Might. By. A. C. Benson and H. should read it. F _ W_ Fatham. 12mo. 295 pp. $2.25 net. Longmans, Green & Co., New York, 1921. In Quest of God. By Marshall Broomhall. 12mo. 190 pp. 5s net. China Inland Boys are not averse to biography if Mission. London. 1921. the narrative is well written and relates to men who have dared and done No more fascinating and stimulatgreat things. These brief biographies ing stories can be found than the narare written for boys and deal with ratives of men and women redeemed fourteen great men from Socrates to by Christ from error and sin and led Livingstone, but they are not, how- into Christlike service. Such is this ever, particularly well adapted to story of two Chinese pastors who boy readers. There is too much gen- were formerly priest and scholar, "in eral description and too little action. quest of God" and were found by Him. Some of the men like Archbishop Such records are a final answer to any Borromeo are not weIr kQown outside who question the value of Christian the Church; others, like George Wash- missions. Mr. Broomhall shows the ington' are familiar to boys from bet- habits of thought and worship in the ter written biographies. Full advan- men before conversion, the way they tage has not been taken of the fascin- were led to Christ, and the changes in ating material in lives of such men their thoughts and life by this new as John Wesley, Henry Martyn and and living Way. There is much good General Charles Gordon. The men in Buddhism and in Confucianism are worth knowing but the biograph- but there is no power or Eternal Life. ers have not written in a way to cap- These stories of missionary history are ture the boy. well worth reading in the home or missionary society. Anskar, the Apostle' of the North. By Charles H. Robinson, D.D. 12mo. 139 India-Its Life and Thought. By John P. pp. 48 net. S. P. G. House. London, Jones. 8vo. 448 pp. $1.00 net. George 1921- H. Doran Co. 1921.

Early missionary work in Denmark In these days a dollar book of real and Scandinavia has many lessons for value is a boon. Here is a new edition pioneer missionaries today. Anskar of a book by a scholarly missionary of was a heroic representative of the the American Board who, from long early church among pagans of the experience ana study, writes of In- North (801 to 865 A. D.) and Dr. dia's unrest (14 years ago), of India's Robinson's translation of Bishop Faiths, India's Caste Systems, India's Reinert's story of this apostle shows Sacred Books, Modern Religious his piety and zeal, his rugged and self- Movements in India and the progress sacrificing missionary service and the of Christianity. Dr. Jones gives a effect of his labors in northern Eu- largr amount of valuable information rope. The narrative, is not popular in and believes in the ultimate conquest form but such early ambassadors of of India by Jesus Christ, the Saviour the Cross are worth knowing. of the world.

The Missionary Review of the World — June 1918

in German Foreign

FACTS WORTH QUOT][NG ~'""'-= For Use on Church Calendars and in Missionary Meetings.

(Selected from THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD for June.) 1. Only six years ago Dr. John W. Butler rescued portions of the Bible which were being burned in the street in Mexico City. Recently in this same city a Methodist Bible woman sold over 2,000 copies of the Bible in a few weeks. (See page 439.) =~== T::r:era::n:~::tthl~o~~o~:r::nst~~~:l~:::::e'mi~~;:n:::: :~;~ =i =_= 2. Plans are now under way for a Protestant University in Brazil, a country in which ==§- – 3. on the miSSIOn fields. § ,, Some 400 who entered the army have been killed, wounded or taken prisoners. Most of the German missions have been taken over by the British, Americans and Swiss. ==_ I_ (See page 424.) – ! 4. The wife of a Chinese official, to whom a missionary gave a Bible, said afterward §!

that she and her husband both wanted to read it at the same time, and that it I:: was not convenient to have only one copy. (See page 458.) 5. Dr. Dunlap, who was for forty years a Presbyterian missionary in Siam, was == influential in having a law passed against lotteries. He had easier access to the king than anyone except members of the cabinet. (See page 411.) ! 6. A very conservative estimate puts the amount spent by Jews for reconstruction in Palestine at not less than $500,000,000. N ow they are planning to return III I larger numbers to establish a Jewish state. (See page 420.) i 7. Another instance of the way in which war needs are binding together widely scattered portions of the world is to be found in the contribution by Sunday- schools in India of over $8,000 for the relief of Belgian children. (See page 465.) :~===5: 8. Marble figures of Madame Blavatsky and of Colonel Olcott are the central objects of worship in an extraordinary shrine maintained in the headquarters of the Theosophical Society in India. (See page 465.) 9. Combatants and members of labor battalions in the war speak seventy-two dif- ferent languages, in everyone of which the British and Foreign Bible Society has had versions of the Scriptures ready. More than 7,000,000 copies have been I distributed all told. (See page 462.) § 10. The eight representatives of the National Board of Young vVomen's Christian Associations now in Russia are making history there. Driven out of one city by revolutionary conditions they begin Association work for the women and girls of the next center wh~re they find themselves, so that work is now going on ;E in four cities. (See page 474.) 11. The introduction of primary schools and the beginning of sanitation are among § the reforms being introduced into Mecca by the new king of the Hedjaz. (See page 476.) § 12. At Kabyle, an African Moslem, on being told that the operation needed to save E the life of his wife would cost 200 francs, took her back home again, telling the I= 13. missionary doctor that for that sum he could buy a new wife. (See page 478.) The translation of the Bible into the language of the Navaho Indians, recently completed, is called in the native tongue, "God's Language." (See page 471.) .

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MISSIONARY

EVIEW~ June, 1918 NUMBER SIX EDUCATIONAL PROGRESS IN ASIA O NE of the hindrances to the rapid evangelization and education of Asiatic peoples has been their illiteracy and the unwieldy . characters of their language. In China) for instance, there are some 4000 characters in use. People who have an alphabet and can use Homan letters are much more easily taught and the printing of literature is simplified.

In Japan and China efforts have been made to introduce Roman characters, and thus make education easier for the comm,on people. In India also a pamphlet has been published by the Christian Literature Society, in which a strong argument is presented for the adoption of the Roman alphabet, in modified form, for all the languages of India. The ,need for such a reform is apparent, considering that ninety per cent. of the population of India, 277,000,000, are illiterate. One reason for 'the illiteracy is the difficulty of teaching the 150 native languages, which employ such highly complicated and numerous characters as symbols that it takes an Indian boy.or girl the larger part of his school days to acquire a reading knowledge of the tongue. In view of the fact that there are sixty-four different sounds to be represented in the languages of the country, with an average of. fortyeight sounds for the leading tongues, diacritical marks would need to be used to differentiate the letters.

In China considerable progress is being made in education in spite of the unsettled political conditions and the diverting of school money for military expenditures. The Minister of Education has created educational bureaus in the provinces find they expect to introduce vocational education. The Vocational Education Association, of which Dr. Monliu Chiang, a Ph.D. of Columbia University, is secretary, publishes a monthly magazine and is planning to open a vocational school in Shanghai.

A NEW WOMAN'S COLLEGE IN JAPAN H IGHER Christian Education for women in Japan is a great mark of progress. The "Woman's Christian Union College opened its doors in Tokyo last April, with Dr. Nitobi, the well-known Japanese educator, as honorary president, and Miss Tetsuko Yasui, one of Japan's educational leaders, as dean. This is to be the highest in grade of any school for women in Japan. The Boards of six denominations which are back of this college conduct seventeen high schools in different parts of Japan, and these are expected to prepare students for the new college. The various courses of study will include language and literature; domestic science; business; music and art. Definite religious instruction will be a part of the regular work and it is intended to have the entire life of the school permeated with a Christian atmosphere.

'rhe successful beginnings of the union colleges for women in Madras, India, and Nanking, China, have encouraged those who are "V responsible for the similar enterprise in Japan to expect still greater things for the omen's Christian College. At present it is in rented quarters near Shinjulm, one of the SUburbs of Tokyo. The six missions and boards in America, which are ('o-operating in the movement, are the American Baptist (North), Churches of Christ, Methodist Church of Canada, Methodist Episcopal Church, Presbyterian (North), and Reformed Church (Dutch). The financial support of the college is divided between these boards, each being responsible in proportion to the number of girls' high schools supported by it in Japan. These schools are being asked to standardize their work, ~o that those willing to enter the college may take the entrance examinations and enter at once. It is hoped to begin with one class of a hundred students. The great need is a good teaching staff and properly qualified officials.

NEW LEADERSHIP IN NATIONAL CHURCHES T IMOTHY luis been called the first native Christian bishop in Asia Minor. Since that time native bIshops have been appointed in various mission fields, under one name or another, but all in reality supervisors. In recent years an advance step was taken in the British Church Missions, when V. S. Azariah was consecrated Bishop in India-as leader in a national Indian Church. This appointment expressed the growing conviction on the part of American and British " missionaries in the Orient that the native clergy should be put in the highest positions of leadership.

On the same principle a Japanese is to be made diocesan bishop and Bishop Cecil Boutllower of South Tokyo proposes to resign his bishopric, in order to make this possible. It is his intention to stay in the diocese and act as suffragan to the new bishop.

SIGNS OF THE TIMES

"It is not too much to say," comments the O. M. B. Gleaner, "that this move will be a great event in the history of the Japanese Church, and that its value will be much enhanced by Bishop Bouttlower's Christian spirit in deciding, if the proposal matures, to take the lower seat and act as suffragan to the new Japanese bishop."

A similar step was taken in China when, in December last, the Synod of the Chekiang diocese elected Archdeacon Sing Tsae-Seng as Assistant Bishop. The General Synod of the Cheng Hua Sheng Kung Hui (the Episcopal Church in China) was expected to confirm the election at its meeting in April. Archdeacon Sing has Christian history behind him, for his father was the fi.rst Anglican Chinese clergyman, and he himself has for many years taken a leading part in the church life of China. He has also given two sons to the ministry of the Ghurch.

There are several native bishops in Africa and the Methodist Church has an able Japanese bishop. This is an encouraging sign of the progress of Christianity.

A PROTES1'ANT UNIVERSITY FOR BRAZIL THE program for advancement in Latin-America is moving on apace. As one result of the Panama Congress in 1916, plans are on foot for the establishment of a Protestant University for the great Portuguese-speaking republic of Brazil. In this great and growing country 74 per cent. are illiterate. In the United States there are five times as many schools and nearly ten times as many pupils in proportion to the population as has Brazil.

In the less progressive states the equipment is very primitive, the number of schools very inadequate, and the methods crude.. Pupils study aloud, the idea being that the more noise they make the better work they are doing. In the more advanced states there are signs of progress.

The modern methods and ideals are being introduced into Brazilian schools, but the higher educational institutions are bound up with ancient theories. Their influence is materialistic and atheistic. If her no other reason than to serve the sixty-thousand Protestants in Brazil, or, including foreigners, a Protestant community of 500,000 people, there should be a university to provide tllem with opportunity for a Christian education. Many other Brazilians also, who are not Protestants, recognize the superiority and strength of Protestant ideals and character, and desire to send their sons tD Protestant institutions. The great difficulty in the past has been to prevent the dissipating of the Protestant atmosphere in mission schools by the attendance of too lllany from Roman Catholic homes.

Another reason for the urgency of this call is the increasing need for PrQtestant Christian leaders in all professional spheres-churches, schoo!!'l, law and hledieine espeeially. If the Protestant Church is to

grow and be strengthened, there must be leaders properly trained under the right auspices. The establishment of truly Ohristian schools of higher learning, equipped with professors capable of teaching the best in religion and science, and every practical branch, would bring incalculable blessing to the youth of Brazil, and through them to the whole Oontinent.

The Protestant schools of Brazil today include 80 primary, 30 or more intermediate, 17 secondary, or high schools, and seven professional schools or faculties, training in agriculture, pharmacy, dentistry, commerce, engineering and theology. These schools have about 4,000 students, and 150 teachers, but are very inadequate for the present needs. There should be schools or faculties of medicine, law, and pedagogy. 'i'here· is in Brazil a University Federation movement among Protestants. This has been in existence for five years, and includes a large part of the Evangelical churches and missions. This movement cannot fail to exercise a profound influence on Protestant education in Brazil, and in fact on the whole national system of public instruction.

There is a marked friendliness of officials and influential classes toward the Evangelical educational institutions. Such mission enterprises as Mackenzie Oollege have exerted a wide influence: The spirit of cooperation is increasing, and the new friendliness of North and South Amrica will also help to promote an institution founded and conducted on a modern Evangelical basis. The fact that the Y. M. O. A. at Rio de Janeiro has recently raised $100,000 for a new building is one indication of the desire of intelligent Brazilians to cooperate with Evangelical Ohristian enterprises. 'i'he sum of $1,000,000 is asked to establish and strengthen professional schools united in a University Federation.

BRIGHTENING OUTLOOK FOR MEXICO T HERE is still a good deal of political disturbance in north- west Mexico, but in other regions there seems to be almost com- plete quiet. The missionary work of the Pr.otestant missions in Mexico has gone steadily forward throughout the Mexican revolution. Churches in outof-the-way places have suffered some material damage and in a few instances congregations have been scattered, due in part to the severe famine which has prevailed in some parts of the country. Fortunately the churches in the larger centers, like Mexico Oity, Guadalajara, Puebla, Monterey, Aguascalientes, San Luis Potosi, Tampico, Vera Oruz and Merida have had earnest native pastors who have guided their churches through the crises when the revolution was sweeping all be· fore it.

The conviction is general that Mexico is now ready for a great forward movement. Never in all the history of Protestant work in that country have such crowds attended the preaching services. Last

1918J SIGNS OF THE TIMES

year a revival in Mexico City resulted in the professed conversion of nearly 1,000. There is a new eagerness to read Christian literature. And the tragic events of the past seven years may have paved the way for Mexico's spiritual rebirth.

The attitude of the Government toward Protestant missions is distinctly favorable, in spite of the apparent obstacles in the constitution. Some well informed friends say that the provisions of the constitution are misunderstood by many and deliberately misinterpreted. by others. It has in no case vitally interfered with Protestant work. Missionaries are very scrupulous about observing to the letter its provisions with reference to foreigners taking part in the religious instruction of the people. The real purpose of this legislation has been to eliminate the vast numbers of foreign Roman Catholic priests who have been imported to Mexico since the Catholic Church was disestablished in France and in the Philippine Islands. While American missionaries are not permitted to serve as pastors of churches, many of them remain in Mexico to administer their work, teach in the schools, publish literature and periodicals and aid the native workers in every way possible. They leave it to Mexican pastors to administer the sacraments, preach and conduct formal religious services. This will mean a large development of the native ministry.

The largest regular Sunday congregation in the Republic of Mexico is-at the bull-ring. The next largest, out-numbering the gathering in any church or cathedral, is at the Mexican preaching service in the Methodist Church in ,Calle Gante. There never was a time in Mexico when the Gospel seemed to come so near the hearts of the impoverished and distressed people. There are seven hundred children regularly in Methodist Snnday-schools in the capital on Sunday mornings.

AMERICAN INTEREST IN RUSSIAN EVANGELIZATION T HE unfortunate breaking down of law and order in Russia, with the consequent menace to the allied cause, and to the freedom of Rumania and Persia, has not lessened the interest of American Christians in the spiritual welfare of Russians. This is shown not only in the efforts of various religious organizations to call attention to Russia's great need in this crisis, but has a practical expression in the Russian Bible and Educational Institute, established by Rev. William Fetler in Philadelphia. This school has now one hundred students and is preparing Russians for service in their own country.

A special call has been issued for conference and prayer on behalf of Russia, to meet in the Moody Bible Institute, Chicago, from June 24th to 28th. This call is signed by some of the best known Christian leaders of all Evangelical denominations in America. In the call the

following statement is made as to the great problem of Russia's evangelization: The Revolution in Russia has resulted in throwing open to the Gospel the largest country, with its largest population of white people, in the world. There are 182,000,000 people in Russia, and yet there are not as many evangelical workers there as in the city of Chicago alone. Any adequate evangelization plan must embrace not only the hundred million native Russians, but also the seven million Jews, the twenty million Poles, the thirty million Ukrainians, millions of Mohammedans (Tartars, Kurds, Kirghiz, etc.) Armenians, Roumanians and Greeks, and besides these the Bulgarians, Servians, Croatians, Montenegrins and other related Slavonic peoples.

The propaganda of atheism and materialism is already assuming a wful proportions. There is no time to lose. The Greek Orthodox Church is rapidly losing its grip upon the hearts of the people, and before long large masses of simple religiously inclined Russians may be led astray into complete infidelity. Millions of the people are looking for something different.

The greatest immediate need is the printing and circulating of at least a million copies of the Russian Bible, three million copies of the New Testament and a large supply of the very best Russian evangelical literature. Then several hundred evangelists, colporteurs and Christian workers must be trained and equipped for Sf'rvice in Russia. Already one hundred lRussians in America have offered themselves for soul-saving service in their native land and are now in training, and there are also hundreds of converted and educated men in Russia who haye suffered for their faith and who now need to be rallied and encouraged.

A vital factor in the realization of a comprehensive plan for Russia must be the evangelization of the Russian and other Slavonic people in America in order that they may return to their native lands fully equipped for effective service. The united prayers of God's people everywhere must be offered up in behalf of these long neglected multitudes.

'J'lle Conference will be led by Rev. William Fetler and a choir of about fifty students from the Russian Bible Im:titute of Philadelphia are expected to sing their Russian hymns. Russian and other Slavonic evangelists and missionary workers of the Chicago Tract Society will also assist. 'J'his conference may mark an epoch in Russian history and in the progress of Christianity.

What will be reserved for the Russia of the future? Will she lose her body and gain her soul? Already she has lost the Ukraine in the South, Poland, Finland, Courland, Livonia and Eshonia. 'With the setting of her political sun, may the Sun of Righteousness arise for Russia with healing in His wings.

~~————~–~==

ARE WE READY FOR VICTORY?

PRESIDENT 'VIIJSON has rendered a real service in issuing a proclamation calling on the American people to observe May 30th (Memorial Day) as "a day of public humiliation, prayer and fast· ing." This follows the Congressional resolution passed on April 2nd: "It being a duty peculiarly incumbent in a time of war humbly and devoutly to acknowledge our dependence on Almighty God and to implore His aid and protection, the President of the United States is hereby respectfully requested to commend a day of public humiliation, prayer and fasting, to be observed by the people of the United States with religious solemnity and the offering of fervent supplications to Almighty God for the safety and welfare of our cause, His blessing on our arms, and a speedy restoration of an honorable and lasting peace to the nations of the earth."

The President, in his proclamation, calls upon all American citizens to assemble "in their several places of worship and there, as well as in their homes, to pray Almighty God that He may forgive our sins and shortcomings as a people and purify our hearts to see and love the truth, to accept and defend all things that are just and right, and to purpose only those righteous acts and judgments which are in conformity with His will; beseeching Him that He will give victory to our armies as they fight for freedom, wisdom to those who take counsel on our behalf in these days of dark struggle and perplexity, and steadfastness to our people to make sacrifice to the utmost in support of what is just and true, bringing us at last the peace in which men's hearts can be at rest because it is founded upon mercy, justice and goodwill."

There is need for personal and national humiliation and prayer. The crisis demands it. The chaos in Russia, the destructive power of . enemies' forces, the desperate struggle for mastery in Europe, and the tremendous sacrifice of life, practically the whole ,,'orld at war-are enough to banish any false optimism. Those most familiar with the situation view it with most concern. The struggle is gigantic, the sacri· fice is staggering, and military authorities talk of from five to eight years more of exhausting war.

There is one Power and only one that can bring speedy victory and lasting peace-that power is Almighty God. He could, in a moment, with the exercise of His will or by natural laws, sweep an army' out of existence, bring confusion into the councils of the enemy or cause sudden, withering fear to seize upon them. 'Would such divine inter· position be a blessing to the world? Are we ready for victory?

None can doubt that God wills the triumph of righteousness and Americans have good reason to believe that their cause is righteous. President Wilson rightly calls on us to pray to Almighty God who can give the victory. But we may well ask ourselves, "Are we ready for the answer to this prayer?" It may be that God cannot grant the request

because victory for the Allies at this time -would not accomplish His good purpose. Have we as yet learned the lessons from our failures that have produced the present crisis? We wish for victory and peace but the desire may be selfi~h, to avoid further sacrifice. vVould we as. a nation use victory and peace to extend the Kingdom of God on earth?

As our President declares, we need first of all humble confession of sins, personal, family and national, with a true repentance and turning to God. We need it because men are still putting their trust in material things and in human strategy. While doing their utmost they have not yet learned to say truthfully "Some trust in armies and some in ammunition but we will remember the name of Jehovah, our God." This does not cut the nerve of effort but it gives a new basis for confidence. Liberty bondsf food, the Red Cross, ships, munitions will not win the war. They are needed, but our confidence must not rest in them.

There is need of humiliation and confession because of the sins that have eaten away the strength of the nations. It is weakness and foolishness to shut our eyes to these faults. They must be acknowledged and corrected. We have neglected God's laws. Call to mind the unrebuked profanity and the impurity in camp, city and country; the intemperance, the disobedience of children and the low standards of family life; the selfishness and dishonesty in business and politics; the worship of gold and the mad rush after pleasure. Note the disregard of God's Day, the neglect of His worship, and the disobedience to His Word as the rule of faith and practice. Above all there is a dishonoring of God's Son in word and deed and a general disregard of His program for the world.

It is not enough to say that other nations are worse than we. Our privileges have been greater and we therefore have greater cause for. confession and contrition. Many in Britain and America are conscious of these faults and are eagerly seeking the remedy. A national repent- _ ance is needed. ' Those nations that are ready to acknowledge God's sovereignty and obey His laws are the one's who have a right to pray for God is able and ready to give victory. Are we ready to Co-olJcrate with Him in all His good plans for the world?

DR. JOWETT'S MINISTRY TO THE MULTITUDES.

AFTER seven years of service in the American metropolis, Dr. John Henry Jowett, one of the most honored and loved of Christian ministers, has returned at the call of his country to the world's metropolis. His service in America can never be adequately measured. As a preacher of the Word of God he has fed multitudes who, Sunday after Sunday, thronged the Fifth Avenue Presbyterian Ohurch. They came from every part of America, and from all over the world. They came hungry and went away spiritually fed. Dr. Jowett greatly influ-

EDITORIAL COMMENT

enced his fellow ministers, and set a new standard of preaching for thousands of other pastors.

Statistics cannot indicate the result of Dr. Jowett's service, but it is interesting to note that the membership of his church increased from 2,280 to over 2,800 in the seven years. Among these were seven hundred who united with the church on confession of faith and five hundred by letter. He solved the problem of the mid-week service, which was crowded to overflowing. His audiences were not so much charmed by the beauty of his diction and his intellectual keenness as they were helped by his spiritual insight and the practical value of his message.

In giving, the congregation made a remarkable record. The gifts reported to the General Assembly increased from 1911 to 1917 nearly three hundred per cent for home missions and four hundred per cent for foreign missions. The congregational expenses remained almost stationary, while the miscellaneous gifts increased from $4,679 in 1911 to $763,270 in 1917. Altogether the seven years brought in over $425,000 to home missions, over $380,000 to foreign missions and $2,475,000 to miscellaneous causes.

Dr. Jowett served efficiently as a member of the Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions, but he thrust aside thousands of invitations for social and ecclesiastical diversions in the way of addresses, committees and conferences. He made preaching the Gospel his one business. America is more Ohristlike because of his ministry_ He interpreted Ohrist to his American hearers and to his much larger circle of readers. He led them faithfully and reverently into the presence of God throughout his ministry as he did in his closing message to his people on April 14th. His final words were: "I lead you where I have sought to lead you for the last seven years. I lead you to Jesus, the Ohrist, the risen Saviour, the reigning King of Glory. All my hope on Him is stayed. I believe in the morrow, because I believe in Him. Let us revere Him! Let us love Him! Let us follow him! In this closing moment of my ministry I exalt Him as King of Kings, Lord of Lords, the undefeatable Saviour, the incomparable Oompanion, the Friend who sticketh closer than a brother. I exalt Him as the Lord of life, the Oonqueror of death, and the Fountain of deathless hope."

DR. JOWETT'S FAREWELL MESSAGE TO AMERICA.

I return to my native land a great debtor to the American people. These last seven years have been to me a time of continual enlargement. One could not be contented with a parish or with a country; one had to seek the message that engirdied the world. I have also gained immensely by being in America during the early part of the war. I have been able to look upon the great conflict, not only through English eyes, but through American eyes, and therefore with a broader and healthier vision. The American and British peoples are now in positive and sacred alliance, and our fellowship is baptized in common sacrifice. I believe that this community of purpose and of action will be permanent, and that the two peoples are being drawn together into a fraternity which will bless the whole world.

REV. EUGENE P. DUNLAP, D.D

American Presbyterian Missiona ry to Slam. 1875 to 1918

BY ELEPHANT EXPRESS IN

A Modern Apostle of Siam A SKETCII OF THE LIFE AND WORK OF THE REV. EUGENE P. DUNLAP, D.D.• BY THE REV. ARTHUR J. BROWN, D.D., LL.D., NEW YORK CITY Author of "The Foreign Missionary," etc.

F E'V missionaries of any age have. had such varied experiences and such influence upon the people among whom they labored as had Eugene P. Dunlap who, for forty·three years, went about doing good in the kingdom of Siam. Few men have been more signally characterized by beauty of spiritual life and fidelity of Christian devotion. Some other workers, both at home and abroad, have surpassed him in the number of converts, though these often resulted from his preaching. He baptized men and women in everyone of his tours, and it is doubtful whether, when he was on the field, a month ever passed without conversions. But Siamese Buddhism does not yield so readily to the Christian appeal for outward confession of Christ as the more emotional peoples of animistic faiths. And yet no one can read Dr. Dunlap's letters and reports without noting the frequency of such passages as the following: "One day, when preaching under a large shade tree on the seashore, I noticed one man who gave very close attention, After service, we gave him a copy of the Gospel according to Luke, saying: 'This book contains the precious stories of the life of Jesus; take it and read it.' That night he sat up almost all night to read it through, and before leaving the island, it was our privilege to baptize him, On the island lives a nobleman who was baptized some ten years ago. All these years he has kept the faith, the only Christian • Dr. Dunlap, one of tbe great apostles of tbe modern Cburch, an bonored missionary ot the Presbyterian Cburch, U. S. A., passed away in Tap Teang, Slam, on April 4th, 1918.

on the island. Our most precious service was held in his home, when his wife, son, daughter, nephew and three neighbors were baptized. It was the happiest day of his life. Nine more of the islanders were then placed on probation. This happy company of believers were formed into a Christian band, with the disciple of ten years, and the above-mentioned lover of God's Word as their leader. They promised to meet in the two homes to worship God and study the Word. We recommend this little company of disciples of Jesus to the prayers of God's people.

"Our farewell service was held under a large shade tree on the beach. The Governor, other officials, all the disciples and inquirers and many of the villagers were there. * * * It was not easy to say good-bye to the beloved disciples. Were it not for the regions beyond, one would gladly spend his life with them. They followed us to the little boats waiting to take us to the ship, and they fairly loaded us with baskets of luscious fruits, tokens of their appreciation of our visit. As we steamed out of the harbor, they lingered on the shore waving to us their affectionate farewell.

"Our last service with this company [a group in another place] of beloved disciples was the celebration of the Lord's Supper. This was a solemn, precious service, held in the bamboo hut under the cocoanut trees. Six persons made profession of their faith in our Lord Jesus Christ and were baptized. On the following morning, the disciples escorted us through the jungles to our sail boat. They brought trays of fruit, rice, fish, and other supplies for the missionaries and their crew. After farewell words of counsel and encouragement, we sailed away to Nakawn."

Dr. Dunlap was an indefatigable itinerator. I know of no other missionary in any land who spent a larger proportion of his time in country work. Siam is not an easy country in which to itinerate.

Until near the end of Dr. Dunlap's missionary service, there was no railway in that part of Siam which constituted his special field, and the one that was built then traversed only a small part of the region through which he journeyed. Very seldom was it of any assistance to him, for he toured among the villages far in the interior. Nor were there any wagon roads; nothing but mere paths, u~ually rough ones at that.

lIe had to travel on elephants, or on ponies, or afoot, through vast jungle forests, over mountains and through rivers. The climate is hot, humid and debilitating. Such tropical diseases as cholera, dysentery and malignant malaria lurk on every hand. Mosquitoes swarm in millions, and while the people are uniformly kind and hospitable, the jungles through which he traveled, and amid which he often camped at night, abound in tigers, serpents, wild elephants and various other unpleasant prowlers.

But nothing could daunt the evangelistic zeal of this devoted mis- sionary. Note the following extracts from his letters: "We spend about one month of the year in our home. The remainder of the year we lodge in boats, Buddhist temples, market places, bungalows, bamboo huts, court houses, and the homes of the people. There are no inns, no hotels, in the interior of Siam. In all our itinerating field we do not own a lodging place, and yet we have never had to sleep on the ground or out doors but once. That speaks well for the hospitality of Siam's people. For weeks at a time we do not see a chair, bedstead or table; Siamese homes, as a rule, do

A MODERN APOSTLE OF SIAM

not have these 'uncomfortable things.' When we are their guests, we, like our host, sit, eat, and sleep on the floor.

'· We proceeded up the river one day, and there had to get smaller canoes, for the stream became narrow, very rocky, and current swift. On the second day we reached another large settlement. We disposed of many good books to the people, and cared for a large number of sick, among them several officials. We were glad to see many of them get clear of the fever which was epidemic. At this point we had hoped to get elephants for our party and baggage, but could secure only three elephants. When I tell you that we RIVER TRAVEL IN SIAMESE CANOES [Dr. Dunlap traveled thousands of miles in this way) carried more than two thousand books and tracts, five cases of medicines, stereopticon outfit, clothing for six months,· camp outfit, provisions, cooking utensils, beds, etc., you will know that we have no small amount of baggage. The elephant that we were to ride had such a bad temper that we were afraid to mount him, so I said; 'Wife, what shall we do?' With her usual courage she answered by taking off her shoes to wade the first stream and said: 'Let us walk.' And walk we did for thirty miles, through jungles, over mountains, through streams and broad plains. On the second day we reached a camping place and were soon surrounded by people eager for medicines and to listen to the teachings, to whom we ministered until after dark. There for the first time on our touring we slept on the ground<; we were so weary that we rested just as well as though we had been in comfortable home beds. The next morning, we secured elephants for ourselves and baggage, and after one day's ride we reached the head waters of the Panga River. We were glad to exchange elephants for canoes. This was the seventh time that we had

crossed this peninsula. We were able to reach many places never before reached by the Christian missionary. In this six months' tour we traveled on ten steamers, twenty elephants, numerous buffalo carts, and canoes, and walked long distances without serious mishap. For the greater part of the time we were in the heart of the Peninsula, cut off from all communication with the outside world; no telegrams, no newspapers and no post offices. We have learned to do without such facilities."

Dr. Dunlap was a keen lover of nature. Siam is a land of wonder· ful beauty-forest·clad hills, cultivated valleys, rare flowers, and rush· ing streams. His sensitive soul eagerly responded to the beauties of the worM about him and his let· tel'S abound in graphic -descrip· tions, as witness the following: "The scenery of this island-en- ticing harbors, broad cocoanut groves, waterfalls, and lofty' moun· tains-was simply charming.

"The Governor of the island proved an attentive host. He led us in many interesting walks through DR. DUNLAP'S BOAT~Tbe "Kalam!,zoo" the cocoanut plantations, up roman- tic ravines, over lofty mountains, to charming waterfalls, where we saw a great variety of ferns, rare orchids, graceful palms, and many other attractive tropical plants.

"Securiiig two well manned canoes, we were soon paddling up the broad river Looang, leaving all signs of civilization behind. We greatly enjoyed the beauties of nature, graceful bamboos and palms, here and there, forming charming archways; most beautiful vines draping the large trees, and orchids in charming varieties. We mounted the elephants at the foot of a beautiful mountain.

"On our third day we followed the elephant path through wonderful forests and were much interested in the plants, ferns and orchids in charming variety, palms, sago and tapioca plants, rubber trees and valuable hard woods.

"In its natural scenery this island is very attractive. Mountains about three thousand feet above the sea, charming valleys, ravines and waterfalls. It is rich in cocoanut groves, attractive, shady retreats from the hot sun."

He journeyed by sea as well as land. :Many years ago, friends in Kalamazoo, Michigan, presented him with a schooner which he called "The Kalamazoo." In this little boat he and his equally devoted wife, and a few Siamese attendants made long journeys along the coast line and among the adjacent islands, carrying the Gospel to peoples who could not have been reached through the pathless jungles which bordered their villages. This part of his itinerating also brought him many inter· esting experiences. He wrote: "Ve travel in the Mission schooner 'Kalamazoo' from two to four months of the year; by coast steamer, often going deck passage because there are no cabins; by native sail boats, canoes, buffalo carts, on elephants, and on foot, long distances. * * *

1918J A MODERN APOSTLE OF SIAM

THE HO:fE OF DR. AND MRS. DUNLAP IN TAP TEANG, SIAM "During our annual tour in the Mission schooner 'Kalamazoo', on the east coast of the Gulf of Siam, we stopped in all the principal harbors on the way. We sailed about four hundred miles, traveled in canoes about one hundred miles up the creeks, and rivers, and took long walks over the plains to visit inland villages. We found here and there a good number of people who were believing in God as the result of teaching on former tours, and the reading of Christian books, and were praying to Him.

"In one of our tours on the west coast of the Gulf of Siam, at Nakawn, we hired a native sail boat, a long dugout with roof over the centre, and sailed thirty miles along the coast to visit some disciples. We had very pleasant sailing, but one night we were caught by a sudden northeast squall, and the mast was twisted off and the sail blown into the sea. For a time there was no little excitement, but our sturdy helmsman soon righted things and we made our way into a .small river, on the banks of which the disciples gave us a hearty welcome. They conducted us to their home in a beautiful cocoanut grove, lodged us in a little bamboo hut that they had prepared for our entertainment,. and showed us no little hospitality. They gave Us the best bananas, cocoanuts, sweet potatoes, watermelons, fish, fowls and eggs that could be found. The ordinary rice they did not consider good enough for the missionaries, so the sisters were soon busy polishing nice white rice for their teachers. Willing hands arranged a place for services, and messengers were sent throughout the plantations inviting their neighbors to come and hear the Gospel. We began each day with a preaching service in the early morning, and close attention made it easy to preach. Then the medicine chest was opened and an hour or more spent in ministering to the sick. The remainder of the day was devoted to teaching

from house to house. At times we walked to distant settlements to hold services in homes of disciples to which all the neighbors were invited."

With faithful and loving ministries like these, the good missionary and his wife were unceasingly occupied. No opportunity to testify for Christ was ever slighted. I have never known a Christian worker who had greater joy in his ministry for souls. His letters and reports fairly glow with it. I could quote scores of sentences like the following: "There was great joy in telling the precious stories of our Lord to those who had never heard."

"To attend upon the poor little fe- verish children of the homes and see * a large number *re*c over was a delight Our daily services to our hearts. with the twelve disciples of this island were precious indeed, and we had the joy, too, of baptizing several other islanders and a number of little chil- dren."

"None of the tradesmen knew about Jesus. They were friendly and list- ened very closely to our stories about the Saviour of sinful men. It was a pleasure to place His precious Gospel in their hands and know that they would carry it to distant homes."

"In this settlement most of the peo- ple had never heard the Gospel. It was a joy to publish the Glad Tidings to them, and the night was well spent MRS. EUGENE P. DUNLAP in showing them the Bible pictures by means of the Sciopticon. * * * "I was glad to minister to so many sufferers as we passed along. 'Jesus went about doing good.' Let us follow in His steps."

"Some roughing it, 'tis true, but the joys of the work held us over the rough places."

Near the end of a furlough in 1909, he wrote: "vVe are now pack· ing for Siam. 0, but it will be joyful to return to the Master's work in beloved Siam!"

Bits of humor often illuminated his letters. After a nerve-racking experience in a bullock cart over rocks and ruts, he gOOd-naturedly wrote: "The jolting keeps us from having dyspepsia." Of another tour, he says: "We dismissed our elephants and spent five days in a border town. On the Sabbath I preached in the court house, which was our lodging place. The people of this settlement were the most indolent set that we have seen in Siam. Even money could not persuade them to hull rice for our party, and the question of food grew serious. Seeing the condition of their little children, I prepared a lot of worm powders, which I handed to the mothers with directions. The remedy worked so effectually that the mothers out of gratitude each prepared a large bowl of beautiful white rice for the missionary table. This

A MODERN APOSTLE OF SIAM

is not the first time that we have 'wormed' our way into the hearts of Siam's people."

Dr. Dunlap gained large influence over the Siamese people, both individually and collectively. He loved them and they in turn loved him. "Wherever he went, he was welcomed by men and WOl,nen of high and low degree alike. "We travel in safety," he said, "are always kindly received by the people, and have perfect liberty in our work." The following were common experiences: "The Governor of ·this province, a .leading Siamese noble, is one of our schoolboys and a staunch supporter of our Mission work. You may be sure A SLUfmSE FAMILY AT DINNER that he extended his old teachers a hearty welcome, introduced and commended us and our work to all the officials of the province. He entertained us in his own home and furnished us boats and other facilities for our work. Frequently he said in the presence of the people: 'I owe my position and all that I am to the labors of these American missionaries.' There are many officials throughout Siam who might truly say the same; another indirect result of Mission work."

"The High Commissioner of the district, having been informed of the arrival of the missionary party, sent his own steam launch out to meet us and convey us to a beautiful little cottage that His Excellency and lady had prepared for our entertainment. They showed us no little kindness. His Excellency manifested special interest in the medical mission work, and two places were granted for the work: a cottage in his garden and a house in the market place."

He was personally known to and held in high esteem by His Majesty, the King, one of the most enlightened and public·spirited of rulers, always eager to promote the welfare of his people. His relations were particularly close with the father of the present sovereign vho frequently counselled with him. I was told when in Bangkok that Dr. Dunlap had easier access to the Royal Palace than anyone else in Siam outside of the members of the Cabinet, and that the King and his Ministers frequently summoned him to conferences. They knew that this missionary, through his extensive travels in various parts of the country, knew conditions in Siam better than anybody else, and they knew too that he was not only intelligent and wise but absolutely un· selfish, seeking nothing for himself and thinking only of good for the people to whom he had consecrated his life. He never compromised his missionary message or convictions. He spoke plainly of current evils. Gambling is the national vice of the Siamese. It was licensed and even encouraged by the Goyernment. The monopoly in every town was auc· tioned off to the highest bidder. The successful concessionaire erected a large building in a central location. Music and theatrical perform· ances added to the attractiveness of the place, and, in the evenLngs, almost the whole population assembled. There were one hundred and three large gambling houses throughout the interior, besides a great number in the capital. The demoralizing consequences can be readily understood. Dr. Dunlap, cordially aided by the Hon. Hamilton King, then American Minister, frankly represented to the late King that gambling .was inimical to the best interests of Siam and that the money that the Government derived from it was obtained at a ruinous cost to character and legitimate industry. The King, a wise and progressive monarch, listened, and the result was the issuance of a royal decree in January, 1905, ordering the abolition of these gambling concessions everywhere outside of Bangkok, where the question involved the revenue in relation to import duties. These could not be changed without the consent of other governments. In itinerating tours, Dr. Dunlap made it a rule to visit prisons and to observe sanitary conditions. Some of the credit for the prison reforms in Siam belongs to him. In his report of one of his long tours, he wrote: "In Ban Don, the largest market town of this coast, our hearts were made sad by the ravages of that dread disease Asiatic ,cholera. One day, seven died in the prison. The Governor sent for me and requested that I should try to find the cause of the spread of the disease. I found the prison in good sanitary condition, but traced the trouble to the fact that the prisoners while out on public works were drinking the filthy river water, and recommended that all drinking water be thoroughly boiled and prisoners permitted to drink that alone when out at work. In a few days, the disease disappeared entirely. Thus, humanly speaking, many a poor prisoner's life was saved."

'While, however, he asked nothing for himself he did not hesitate to ask for contributions toward the property which was to be used by

A MODERN APOSTLE OF SIAM

.

A SIAM E S E COU NTRY HOME ON STILT S A t ypical group coming out to s ee the foreig ner the Mission for the benefit of the Siamese people themselves. So great was the confidence in him that these appeals met with generous response. The King and Queen, members of the Oabinet, and many Siamese in various official positions contributed toward the purchase of land for mi ssion schools and hospitals, and in other instances the Government assigned land for mission purposes at a merely nominal rent.

As a speaker before American audiences, Dr. Dunlap had remarkable power, and whenever he was known to be at home on furlough, the calls fOl' his addresses were numerous and insistent. Few missionaries of this generation had a wider hearing or stirre~ his hearers more deeply. Multitudes will never forget his eloquent wordS, and his graphic description of "How a Governor in Siam found Christ," went all over tIl e country.

In spite of his fame and popularity Dr. Dunlap was as modest as he was devoted. ·When he was in America in 1908, one of my colleagues showed him a sketch of his career which had been provided for the newspapers in connection with some addresses that Dr. Dunlap was to deliver, in which he was characterized as "easily the foremost foreigner in the Kingdom of Siam, everywhere welcomed by governors, merchallts, farmers, and the poorest leper, frequently closeted with King or ministers who can learn from him as from no other tIle true status

of remote jungle dwellers; or it may be adjudicating cases which by common consent of judge and litigants had been reserved for his arbitra- tion." At the bottom of a copy of that sketch I note the following sentence in Dr. Dunlap's handwriting: "Would it not be better to say: A sinner saved by grace and privileged to preach the unsearchable riches of Christ in Siam."

In a pamphlet published some years ago, entitled "How Shall We Persuade the Siamese to Accept the Gospel," he opened his heart to his missionary brethren. The following extracts eloquently testify to the spirit of the man.

"The word persuade is a fit word. To win the people for the Master, an ounce of persuasion is worth more than a ton of compulsion, ridicule, or sarcasm. The Siamese after all are not very unlike ourselves. You can persuade them a mile, but you cannot drive them an inch. In making up the * * * formula, I would say: about one ounce of argument to every pint of entreaty, well flavored with love. If we would persuade this people to accept the Gospel, we must live the Gospel. How much we shall achieve, if we can truly say to them: 'Follow me as I follow Jesus.' If the love of Jesus con- strains me, then the love of Jesus working through me will constrain others. That's a sure rule. * * * A very good way to persuade men to accept the 1 love to do Gospel is to beseech them by the merciesof God*. that-to dwell Jesus desires to go, through ** on the mercies of God in the Lord Jesus. * * * us, into the homes of this people. Then l~t us keep this high ideal before us: 'In Christ's stead.' That means that we are to talk to them in the same spirit in which He talked. So must we love to tel1 men about Jesus far more than we love our meat and drink. No half-hearted entreaty wil1 persuade men. * * * We should not turn away from the most sinful. We may be weary, but we should love such souls more than we love ease in our long verandah chairs. We may be hungry, but if we would persuade poor sinful ones to accept the Gospel we must love them more than we love our good food and luscious mangustines. If you would persuade the Siamese people, espe- * cially the very si*nfu*l ones, then follow our Saviour's nile as recorded in John Tact is absolutely essential in persuading men to' accept 4th chapter.

the Gospel. No matter how perfectly you may have learned the language, if you lack tact, then your efforts may drive the Siamese people away from the Gospel. And necessary to tact is a close sympathetic contact with the people.

Therefore I say, study the people just as closely and with as much interest, as you study the language."

"Jesus was never rude, Jesus never needlessly spoke a harsh word. Jesus . never gave needless pain to a sensitive heart. Jesus was most considerate of human weakness. Jesus was most gentle toward all human sorrow. Jesus never suppressed the truth, but He uttered it in love. Jesus' whole life tells of most considerate thoughtfulness for others. So I believe, that if we would persuade this people to accept the Gospel we should try to change our bluntness and rudeness into true gentleness."

"A cripple, who was tDld by a disciple of Jesus to call for the medical missionary, replied: '0, he will not take any notice of a poor loathsome creature like me.' But the disciple answered: 'Yes he will, just try him.' The writer went to that little bamboo hut with the medical missionary, and it was so filthy that it took great effort to enter it. The poor man was covered with foul ulcers. The medical missionary, moved by the spirit of Him whose hand touched the leper, with warm water cleansed those ulcers and I read to the

A MODERN APOSTLE OF SIAM

cripple the wonderful stories of Jesus' love and healing power. The tears ran down the old man's face and he exclaimed: '0, missionary, I have never seen love like this!' 0, the love of Jesus! It broke and won his heart. He became a happy Christian and was bap- tized in the little hut. We car- ried the elements of Jesus' broken body and shed blood into that little hut. And there the three of us commemorated His dying love. His love passeth all understanding!"

"It is not science nor intellect nor eloquence that wins souls, but love to Christ pouring over in love to men. Love will give you a delicacy of perception and ingenuity of. persuasiveness which no heart shall be able to resist. Love will reconcile the profound scholar to a life among savages and it will carry us through the jungles of Si.am to the regions beyond. It will carry the refined and cultured woman with the precious tidings into the most unattractive homes.

Love will bear all, believe all, hope all, endure all, if only it may win men for Christ. The true secret of endurance is love. May the ·Iove SIAMESE CHRISTIAN WOMEN OF BANGKOK IN of Christ constrain us! May we NA'J'IVE COSTUME be rooted and grounded in it, so that we shall be well prepared to TEACHERS IN THE HARRIET HOUSE SCHOOL. persuade the Siamese people to accept the Gospe1." The one on the left had four years' preparation in America and now has charge of the first Kindergarten ever opened in Slam. The second instructs in academic, sewing and gymnastic work. The third teaches and conducts the home nursing department.

In spite of Dr. Dunlap's arduous labors in a tropical climate, and his constant exposure in itinerating tours, he enjoyed on the whole good health until 1907 when, in climbing a bamboo ladder to visit a sick man (Siamese houses are set upon poles eight or ten feet from the ground), the ladder broke and he fell and severely injured his leg. He suffered much from this injury and never fully recovered from it, al- though after a time he continued his work as resolutely as ever. But when he returned to America on his last furlough in December, 1915, it was evident that his physical strength was seriously waning. In Feb- ruary, 1916, while on a journey from Wooster, Ohio, to visit an invalid son in Louisiana, he had to change cars late at night in Alliance, and while quietly waiting in the railway station for his train, he was wantonly attacked by three men who beat him, threw him upon the ground and robbed him of all the money he had with him. "Thus the

American heathen," he wrote, "handled me more roughly than I ever suffered from the Siamese heathen and embarrassed us somewhat in the beginning of our furlough."

As the end of his furlough drew near, his physicians frankly advised him and the Board that his remaining time on earth was likely to be short, but he pleaded to be allowed to return and to die among the people whom he loved and for whose evangelization he ha.d consecrated his life. 'Ve bade him good-bye, sorrowing that we should see his face no more. ·When he reached Bangkok, he was welcomed with glad acclaim by the ·whole city. Missionaries, foreigners in diplomatic and commercial life, and Siamese, from the King to the man in the street, showed him signal honor. His Siamese friends of their own accord had raised a fund with which they had purchased a comfortable residence for him in Bangkok, and they besought him to make that his home for the remainder of his days. But to all pleas he replied: "Yes, but I must be at liberty to visit the jungles when I feel that I must carry the Gospel to regions beyond"; and he insisted on at least visiting Tap Teang, near Trang, the station which he himself had founded in 1910 and. for which he had secured the funds during one of his furloughs. At this writing we have not heard where he was when he died, but it probably was at this station.

Newcastle, Pennsylvania, where he was born June 8, 1848, 'Vestminster College and ·Western Theological Seminary, at which he was graduate9- in 1871 and 1874, respectively, have reason to count themselves honored in sending forth this great apostle to the Gentiles. The Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions, which appointed him a missionary in 1874, and the Siam Mission which he joined the following year, will always revere the memory of this noble servant of God who was associated with them for nearly half a century. The people of Siam will long remember the man who labored for their temporal and spiritual welfare with such distinguished efficiency and unselfishness; and the bereaved wife and children have a rich heritage of blessing in the memory of such a husband and father. It was a gracious privilege to be permitted to walk with such a man to the very edge of the valley, which was shadow for us but not for him, and to realize that, while we stand wistfully upon its brink, he journeyed calmly on to see face to face the King in His beauty whom on earth' he had so tenderly and so devotedly loved.

·What a welcome must have been his as he entered the gates of the Heavenly City! After all his toils in this world, he is now "* * * Walking close with Him In festal robes beyond the sunrise fair, And dowered with the beauty of the Lord.

*** From all his toils for Him he rests in Him, And all his works for Him do follow him."

The Situation in German Foreign

BY REV. K. A. MODEN, STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN BEFORE the war, the Evangelical Societies in Germany conducted prosperous missionary work in China, Japan, India, in the South . Sea Islands and in the English and German colonies in Africa. During the three years of war the various societies have, naturally, sustained heavy losses, and the hardships and sufferings of the missionaries have in certain cases been severe. Nevertheless, the work in these fields has not been entirely destroyed or discontinued.

At the outbreak of the war the connection between the missionaries and their native land could be kept up with difficulty and in certain cases it was impossible. The missionaries were for the most part removed from their stations and interned or sent home to Germany. Many of them were by and by permitted to return from the places where they were interned to their mission stations, where they now are allowed to continue their work.

The experiences of the German missionaries in India were all the more pmnful, as German missions have been prosecuted there so long. From there all the mission workers who were German citizens were sent away. There were 137 missionaries, 116 wives of missionaries, 36 lady missionaries, and_179 children. Eight missionaries are still kept interned there. Then there remain only 26 missionaries, 18 wives of missionaries, and 8 lady missionaries to continue the work. These are not German citizens, although they have been engaged by German societies.

In Japan the missionaries have been permitted to remain at their stations, and under strict supervision are permitted to carryon their work According to recent information, they_ are not allowed to send letters abroad or to receive such from other lands.

In a recent publication ("Das Kriegserlebnis der deutschen Mission im Lichte der Heiligen Schrift"), Missionsdirektor Carl Alenfeld, Berlin, describes the present situation of the German missions as follows: "If we sum np the whole in order to get a vivid picture we must say that the work is greatly handicapped, nay almost ruined in Kamerun and in the greater part of German East Africa, except in the northeastern part of this colony and in the northern part of Togo. In the other German colonies, however, the work goes on, though embarrassed through -many restrictions; for instance, in South Togo, German Southwest Africa, Kaiser Wilhelms Land, and Kioochow (China). Among the great mission fields in the British colonies, India has suffered most. But there it has in all the mission fields been possible to gC't substitutes, at least w11ile the war continues, for the German missionaries, so that t11e existenre of the congregations and the churches which are being constituted seems not to be seriously menaced. From some smaller English colonies the German missionaries have

been sent away, as from Hongkong, North Borneo, and Volta Dreieck. But here only a few missionaries are concerned. On the other hand, mission work can still be prosecuted, although with many restrictions, in the whole of South Africa, on the Gold Coast, in the North of Aus- tralia, and all American colonies of Great Britain."

Lately China has declared war against Germany. The conse- quence of this must be that the troubles of the German missionaries there are increased. They number 324, wives of missionaries and lady workers included. Before China's declaration of war they had great liberty to prosecute their work. What has happened since is still unknown.

The war has caused the mission a heavy loss also in another way. Among the missionaries who were summoned to military service there were already a year ago 42 prisoners of war, 167 wounded and 157 killed. In addition, 52 sons of mission leaders and missionaries were killed. According to later information, about 400 missionaries and missionary volunteers are summoned into military service, 68 are in hospitals, and 120 are prisoners of war in various countries, viz.: 25 in France, 12 in Russia~ 9 in England, 1 on ~faIta, 41 in Africa, 30 in Asia, and 2 in Australia.

But after all storms that have swept over the missions about 1,000 German missionaries are still working in the various fields. And nearly 200 of the missionaries who now are in Germany are given opportunity to preach the Gospel among their fellow-countrymen and to the prisoners of war. For the support of those who are still in the fields and a great many of those who have to remain home, the several mission societies are responsible. To solve this problem the boards and the mission societies are compelled to give themselves to incessant work, great selfdenial and fervent prayers. As an example of what they are doing for the mission under existing circumstances, we may mention that of the J~eipzig Society, whose work in India and German East Africa suffers from great disturbances, yet in the year 1915 collected 536,000 marks and during 1916, 614,000 marks. Last New Year the society, strange to say, had a balance in its funds. This surplus is, however, outweighed by the loans which the missionaries in Africa were compelled to take because money could not be sent to them from their society. Besides, the mission societies have had troubles on account of the great sinking in value of the German mark.

But the friends of the mission have not been without encouragement in: their work. Very joyful reports have come from South Africa. The missionaries of the Hermannsburg Society, who are working there, could complete church buildings during the year 1916 and pay debts on them. A great many converts have joined the churches organized by the Rhenish Society. The mission work which this society carries on in the M:entarvei Islands and Kaiser Wilhelms r~and seems now

THE SITUATION IN GERMAN FOREIGN MISSIONS

to be leading to the result that paganism there is ready to collapse. And among the Battak tribes in Sumatra there have been great revivals. These occurrences are rays of light that penetrate the darkness, which the shadow of the war cast over the German mission work.

To arrange for the work in the churches from which the mis· sionaries had been sent away was not an easy task. But mainly this problem has been solved satisfactorily. Thus the Leipzig Society has entrusted its old field among the Tamils in India to the Swedish State Church Mission. The churches on this field have about 21,400 memo bers. The Swiss missionaries who were in the service of the Basel Society are still at their stations; but recently steps have been taken by this society and friends of the mission in Switzerland to organize a new society there with its seat at Berne. This new society will engage the Swiss missionaries in its service. In many places the native pastors are entirely responsible for the care of the churches. This for instance is the case in that part of India where the Gossner Missionary Society is working among the Kols. The churches, which have about 80,000 members, are now ministered to by 43 native pastors. The important educational work of that society has been put under the leadership of the Anglican Bishop Westcott at Chota Nagpur.

In the autumn of the year 1913 a society was constituted in Ger· many which is called Deut8che Evangeli8che Mi88ion8-Hil/e. Its aim is to unite the German societies in mutual support. It may be said that it was organized at an opportune moment. After the outbreak of war most of the societies have joined it, so that it now consists of almost aU societies in Germany. Missions-Hilfe has no mission of its OWIl, but its aim is to awaken, tend and promote a common interest for mission work. In its report for the year 1916 Missionsdirektor A. W. Schreiber, Berlin, who has written it, says that an Oriental and Islam Committee was constituted March 1, 1916, which comprises all German charitable work in the Orient, and that a Committee for East Asia was appointed September 28, 1916. Of the first committee, he says: "The greatest and most important work has been ·done by the Islam Committee, the existence of which is due to the Oriental confer· ence of October 9, 1915, which was arranged by the Missions·Hilfe, and at which it was decided to present a petitioIl to the Chancellor of the German Empire with regard to the situation of the Oriental Chris· tians, especially the Armenians. The circumstances in the Orient put the charitable work there face to face with very difficult problems handled with great discretion in view of the current opinion 'about German Christendom abroad and the political import of the questions concerned. But that did not hinder some members of the committee from sending out an appeal calling for aid to the Armenians, in which they, without regard to merit or worthiness, begged for a Samaritan service to the dying Christian people. Funds were collected under the

auspices of the Missions-Hilfe_ At the end of the year 1916 a sum of 36,000 mark had been raised, to which 1,577 donors had contributed."

As this autumn 400 years have elapsed since Martin Luther posted his 95 theses about the indulgence, which gave rise to the German Reformation, the Missions-Hilfehas sent out a proposal that the memory of the reformation might be celebrated in the mission fields as well as in Germany October 31st or November 4th. Many societies responded to the proposal, so that the jubilee was celebrated generally in the German evangelical mission fields.

The contributions to the societies are naturally reduced on account of the war. Tens of thousands of mission supporters have been killed, made invalids or prisoners of war. And great numbers of persons who regularly used to contribute to the missions are at the fronts and can give only very little or nothing.

The German missions are now struggling hard to maintain their future existence. And one cannot watch their efforts without being reminded of a word by St. Paul which may be applicable to our German mission friends. Like him, they can surely say': ""Ve are troubled on every side, yet not distressed; we are perplexed, but not in despair; persecuted, but not forsaken; cast down, but not destroyed."

There are now dark days for German missions; but after the night passes we believe that a day of hope will come and German missions will once more be permitted to. carryon the work that they so efficiently conducted in the past.

A PRAYER.

(Found on the fly-leaf of the Bible of a missionary, who died in Africa.) Laid on Thine altar, 0 my Lord Divine, Accept this gift today for Jesus' sake.

r have no jewels to adorn Thy shrine, Nor any worId-famed sacrifice to make: But here r bring within my trembling hand This will of mine, a thing that seemeth small- And Thou alone, 0 Lord, canst understand How when I yield Thee this r yield mine all.

Hidden therein Thy searching eye can see Struggles of passion, visions of delight; All that r have, or am, or fain would be; Deep loves, fond hopes, and longings infinite. It hath been wet with tears and dimmed with sighs, Clenched in my grasp till beauty hath it none! Now from Thy foot-stool where it vanquished lies, The prayer ascendeth-may Thy will be done! Take it, 0 Father, ere my courage fail, And merge it so in Thine own will that e'en If in some desperate hour my cries prevail, And Thou give back my gift, it may have been So changed, so purified, so fair have grown, So one with Thee, so filled with peace divine, r may not know or feel it as mine own, But gaining back my will may find it Thine.

Jews in The Present

BY REV. SABETI B. ROHOLD, F.R. G. S., TORONTO, CANADA. President of the American Hebrew Christian Alliance and Superintendent of the Christian Synagogue, Toronto, Canada N o people have been so greviously affected by this world·war as have the Jews. The sufferingA of Belgium and Servia, and even the massacres of the Armenians., hav£> not exceedea, if they have equalled, the misery of the Jews in the Eastern and Southern war zones. Among all the pressing calls which crowd upon the Christian, none more deserves sympathy than that which comes from Israel. Scattered throughout. the world, and again massed in the very crater of the world-war, they are passing in truth through the "Valley of the Shadow." At the same time the world-struggle is 'searching the very vitals of the race, stirring its energies, revolutionizing its life and transforming its outlook. Seven hundred and fifty thonsand Jewish soldiers are engaged in the contest, Jew being often engaged in mortal combat with Jew. Foul' millions of them, men, women and children; strong .an~ weak, are haunted hy the thundering cannon and driven into the wasted roads, marshy fields and wild forests. They ha.ve been terrorized into abandoning land, stock and treasure in order to save their lives. Starvation faces them everywhere and until the recent capture of Jerusalem there was no "Promised Land" in sight. Even now it may be a long way off. Is Israel's tragedy "nothing to you, all ye that pass by?"

The American Hebrew of September 29, 1916, published an article by that brilliant Jewish savant, Dr. Max Nordau, in which he w~rns his people not to be deceived by false hopes. He says: "Anti-Semites of every country are constantly casting in the teeth of the Jews that they have no home country. Of these 'homeless' people about 700,000 are afield in the'different belligerent countries, According to a rough estimate, some 60,000 of them have died in. battle.

"In France and in England they are officers by the hundreds, attaining in many cases high positions. Even exclusive Germany has widely opened to them the ranks of her body of officers. They have earned more than 2,000 crosses of the Legion of Honor, war crosses and military medals in France, three Victoria Crosses (V. C.), besides nUmerous Distinguished Conduct Medals (D. C. M.), in England; more than 8,000 Iron Crosses in Germany, where the civil authorities forbid papers the publication of the names of the heroes to whose breast the military commanders attach the sign of valor. * * * "Each of the belligerent peoples promises itself, as the outcome of victory, territorial gains, enrichment, power, domination, fame. The Jewish people alone has nothing to expect for itself from the heroism of its sons, not even the acknowledgment of the fact that everywhere it has proved itself exemplarily state-supporting, that everywhere it has shown itself loyal and faithful unto death to its native country, even there where it had always been cruelIy and abjectly persecuted."

This was, however, before the declaration of the British Government concerning the return of the Jews to Palestine. Another Jew, the Hon. L. D. Brandeis, tells us that no less than 500,000 Jews have lost their lives since the war started, either on the battlefield or by the invading armies, or through exposure and starvation. By the devastation of the Jewish colonies hundreds of thousands have lost their business and properties.

The Jewish people, however, look upon the year 1917 as "the year of liberation." Writers and thinkers of international repute have declared that the sudden fall of the Romanoff's, the unexpected ava- lanche that leveled the walls of the greatest of Ghettos-"is a freedom from bondage, greater than that of Egypt." They believe that it is the beginning of the real emancipation of the Jewish people, which will result in their attainment of national aspirations, and some even believe in their '(na-tional independence."

Dr. S. M. Melamed, editor of the American Jewish Ohronicle, in a review of the "Past Years in Jewish History," says: "When the sun rose on the first of Tishri, 5677, it saw a vast valley of tears in the east; it saw a people hemmed in between two long rows of fire· spitting guns; it saw a people struggling in its own blood and fighting desperately for a last breath of life. Nothing indicated that the future had relief in store for that agonized people. The arch-enemy of seven million Jews-Czar- dom-was as strong as ever; its criminal agents continued to oppress our brethren mercilessly and heartlessly, persecuting them with the passion of the angry beast, and making their miserable lives one long agony. When the sun rose on the twenty-eighth of Ellul to bring light and warmth on the last day of the year 5677, it saw an entirely different panorama. The great valley of tears, horrible and terrible to see, was turned into a valley of hope and expectation; Czardom was broken and crushed; its criminal agents wiped out and pushed aside; the light of freedom kindled; and millions of our brethren, living corpses only a year ago, full of activity, full of life, full of hope and action."

The same view is taken by.practically the whole of the Jewish press. Of course, no one can attempt to prophesy the future of Russia. Occupying more than half of Europe, and nearly two-fifths of Asia, its sw~ep includes the cradle of the A]'yan race and the home lands of Oriental civilization-Slav, Pole,Lithuanian, Latin, Iranian, Kuranian, Armenian, Finn, Samoyed, Turko·Tartan Tingutz, MangolD. Geor- gians, Yukaghirs and Chukchio are all living on native heath. These all have the mark of a thousand years of Czardom.

Under the old regime in Russia, Zionists were treated as enemies. They could not hold meetings and its propagandists were severely dealt with. What a wonderful change took place in the first revolution, when not only leading ministers, including Kerensky, sent messages expressing their good-will, but an order was issued permitting Jewish soldiers to send delegates to the Zionist Congress and offering them free transportation and monetary aid.

A year ago Jews were not only barred from all public offices, but were even refused' the right of citizenship. Now note the change:

THE JEWS IN THE PRESENT CRISIS

"Homel elected 37 Jewish Councillors;; Slutzk, 19; Zhitomir, 12; Krelllenchuk, 14; Tchernicoff, 11; Poltava, 8; Veliz, 8; Mosir, 5; Alexandrovsk, 10; Kertch, 4; Tambave, 3; Unman. 5; Tiflis. 4; Tula, 3; Starikin, Tashkent, Revel and Walki all elected Jewish Council- lors. Even Kiev, where Jews were excluded under the old regime, has so completely repented that she, too, elected eleven Jews as Coun- cillors. A number of Jews were appointed Judges. The universities, from which Jews were excluded, unless men apostatized and women secured the yellow ticket, not only opened their doors, but many Jews were appointed as professors. The revolutionists recognized that there are Jews in Russia of high calibre and education who are able to fill the most important offices of State.

Nevertheless, all is not well with the Jew in Russia. Since the counter revolution took place there have been reports of more pogroms in which life and property were lost. The Black Hundred are still busy with their nefarious work of maligning, slandering and mali- ciously inciting the ignorant peasants against the Jews. The Jew is still the "scapegoat" and has to suffer untold agonies. The severe Russian winter has now claimed a large toll from a people whose nerves have been shattered by these three and one-half years of fright- . tulness. The condition of the Russian Jewry is too horrible to describe.

THE JEWS AND PALESTINE The catastrophe that befell Palestine as a result of the war is hard to realize. A century's aspirations, labors and fortunes of Jew- ish colonists were annihilated in a brief time. This was enough to break the spirit of any people, and yet the possibilities of the Jewish hope in Palestine have never been brighter. A great change is com- . ing, but the Jewish attitude is pitiable, for they have no "Morning Star" to guide them.

A very conservative estimate is that during the past century not less than $500,000,000 has been spent on Palestine. Besides the millions spent by the merchant princes in Israel, the Rothschilds, the Montefiores, the Montagues, the Moccattes and by the Jewish Colonization and other Zionistic societies, practically all Jews in the world have a little box with "Great Alms for Palestine" written Qn it. It is looked upon as a meritorious act to put money in that box, which goes towards keeping .of the Jewry in Palestine. '

The emigration into Palestine was on an average of 2,000 Jews a year during the past fifty years. The cruel destruction of the Jewish colonies is revealed by eye witnesses. And Dr. Glazebrook, the American Consul at Jerusalem, who had charge of the Relief Fund, said: "The Jews of Palestine knew not where to look for help, except to America. The need today is greater than it ever has been before, necessarily so because of the economic condition of Turkey and the civil condition of Turkey must become necessarily more and more desperate. The acreage of Turkey under cultivation last year was about sixty per cent. of its usual acreage.

That sixty per cent. was diverted to the support of the Turkish army, so that help must come to the population from some other place than Turkey. There are about forty thousand Jews in Jerusalem (before the war there was double that number). One-fourth of the population of Jerusalem died from starvation, and from disease."

But the suffering of the Jews in Palestine has not shattered their hope to establish a national home in the Holy Land. The outlook for this bas never been brighter and its possibility was never nearer actually being attained than it is tOday. The encouragements received from leading statesmen have made them bold to put their demand in a concrete form. Almost from the moment when Turkey entered the war the conviction came to the Jews the worlu over that the end of their exile ,vas drawing nigil. TIle Jewish Chronicle of October 12, 1917, tells us: "Jewish Nationalism-is no secret-has been the subject of discussion in Allied Governments and has, in particular it is known, engaged the attention of the Government of this country, with what result-even it any has been reached-is, however, not known. But it is obvious that every success of the Allies over Turkish arms must be of supreme interest to Jews. For Palestine, the disposition of which as part of the Turkish Empire the war is deciding, is bound up with Jewish destiny and Jewish destiny with Palestine. * * *"

Two great events have since then maue Jewish hearts beat very fast. The British army has actually captured Jerusalem as well as the historic and almost impregnable city of Gaza, and the sacred shrines of Beersheba and Hebron. And last November, two Jewish rabbis who had never spoken to me before be,cause I was a Jewish missionary, stopped me with these words: "Kumt-Aherrl (come here). You are from Jerusalem anu we have heard you know all about Palestine. ""Vill you tell us where Gaza and Beersheba are, and how far is the British army from our Holy City? And will the British drive dem Turkish Amalak out,?" I brought Armstrong's large map of Palestine and for nearly an hour I explained the map to them. A crowd gathered around and listened, forgetting that I was a missionary. This incident shows where the Jewish heart lies.

The momentous letter written by the Right Hon. Arthur J. Balfour, the British Minister of Foreign Affairs, to the Right Hon. Lord Rothschild, has already been quoted in these columns: "The Government views with favor the establishment of Palestine as a national home for the Jewish people, and will use their best endeavors to facilitate the achievement of this object, it being clearly understood that nothing will be done that may prejudice the civil or religious rights of existing non-Jewish communities in Palestine."

Mr. Balfour adds that this declaration of sympathy with the Jewish Zionist aspirations has been submitted to and approved by the Cabinet. The Jewish Chronicle commenting on Mr. Balfour's letter says: "With one step the Jewish cause has made a great bound forward-it is the perceptible lifting of the cloud of centuries; a palpable sign that the Jew-condemned for two thousand years by unparalleled wrong-is at last coming to his right. He

THE JEWS IN THE PRESENT CRISIS

is .to be given the opportunity and means by which in place of being a hyphen- ~tlOn he can beC~)I11C .a n.atio~l, in ~)lace of being a wanderer in every clime there 15 to be a home tor hlll1 111 h15 anClent land. The day of his exile is to be ended." Ye~, poor Isnlel, thy leaders say "The day of exile is ended!"

but thpl'e il-l none to guide thee. The internal difficulties are by far greater than the external. 'Vhile leadiug statesmen in different coun- tries have shown sympathy to the national tendencies of the Zionist, SHell ,Jewish leaders as Claude G. Montefiore, D. L. Alexander, Dr.

IsraPl Ahraham and Sir Philip Magnus have printed pamphlets de- nouneing these nationalists as dangerous to Jewry.

The two factions are so distinct and determined that it wil'l prove a very delicate problem to settle. One faction holds that Judaism is a religion, a system of life and thought, and nothing else; that it no more interferes with full absorption into the nationality of any coun- try than the profession of Catholicism, Methodism or Presbyterianism interferes with a man being an Englishman, a l"renchman or an Ameri- can. Another powerful body, large in numbers and intelIt'etually strong, insists that Jewry is not a religion, but a nation which has lost its fatherland and is a wanderer on the face of the earth. These look for the return to Z;ion, and hope that the issue of the war will restore them in some measure to the patrimony of which they· were disinherited nearly two thousand Yl'ars ago. There is still another powerful faction, the assimilators, who do not want either ~ionisll1 or ,Tudaism.

A cOlllment of· the Dail:1J N ow·~ is illuminating: "Down the centuries the stream of Jewry flows through all nations, preserving a separation, an identity of physical and mental characteristics and an individuality of outlook that has no parity in the story of any other religion.

We understand that those who are opposed to setting up anything like a Jewish State in Palestine are afraid that it will tend to denationalise them in other lands. They want to preserve their religion, they do not want to preserve their racial exclusiveness. They wish to disappear racially and to be simply English- men or Frenchmen or Germans or Americans, professing a particular faith and preserving an ancient scheme of life. .. But the Zionists in all lands are pressing upon the Allies their claim to be a nation and their desire to see the land of their fathers, albeit their remote fore- fathers, restored to them, if not absolutely, then under such guarantees of good government and just control as will secure to them freedom of life and liberty of worship. They believe that a nation without a fatherland is an anomaly that is good neither for the nation nor for the world, and that much of the antagonism which exists towards the Jews would disappear if the race had "a local habita- tion and a name." This is probably true, and it is not unlikely that the rehabili- tation of the nation would tend to hasten the disappearance of the merely re- bli<~Ytwioeues ncurletmoafinJiundgaiJsemwsinanodthbeer ilnagndfsu.llyJeawnds would have to make their choice completely absorbed in other na- tional communities. In a word, we are not sure that Zionism would not prove the solution of that obstinate problem of this wandering race that has perplexed the world for so many centuries. Whatever the decision of the Allies in regard to Palestine, it can hardly fail to improve the conditions and enlarge the lib- erty of life in Palestine, and if the Jews in large numbers choose to take advantage of the fact, the object of Zionism will in due time be accomplished

and the Jewish nation will live again under its own vine and fig tree. When that happens, the Jewish problem that afflicts the rest of the world will tend to disappear." .

For nearly three years the American Jewry was in a turmoil over the seemingly burning question of a .Tewish Congress. Literally, tons of literature was printed, with most wonderful hair-splitting argu- ments, for and against, denouncing, abusing and threatening. At last a peaceless peace was patched up, with the great result (we are told by a Jewish editor) that {(the Congress was buried alive/) The editor, Herman Bernstein, of the American Hebrew) says in despair: "The Jews of America, talking of their duties and responsibilities to their brethren abroad, are split into many groups, groping in the dark, denouncing one another, belittling one another, shouting for unity and working against it. In the conflict between Zionism, Nationalism the Congress movement, the National Workmen's Committee and the American Jewish Committee, the Jewish people remains the victim. The Jewish people will be the sufferers because of these internal quarrels, disputes and attacks."

The voices which we hear from within Israel are strange, but they are of utmost importance. Chief Rabbi Dr. M. Gaster made this remarkable statement: "The problem in future for the Jew is involved in this enormous revolution which the war is going to effect. Where will the Jew, alien in nationality everywhere, find his niche? There must be a difficult situation created for the Jew, and the alternative that events are bound to place before him will be the alternative of assimilation or annihilation. The difficulty of assimilation, on the one hand, and the unthinkableness of annihilation on the other create a terrible dilemma for the Jew after the war. You see how enormous and far-reach- ing is the Jew's problem. * * *"

"If there have been forces attracting Jews from devoting their minds, their spirits, their energies to Jewry, so there have been forces within Jewry repelling those men and inducing them to devote themselves to the services of peoples outside Jewry. If you start killing your prophets in the Temple, it ought not to be astonishing that those who are able to prophesy do so elsewhere than in the Temple. It seems to me, however, that one of the essential things for Jews to understand and appreciate, to recognize and face, is the impossibility of absolute unity in Jewry. We constantly prate of Jewish unity. We constantly urge unthinkingly that the voice of Jewry should be one. The thing is impossible. Let us realise facts. There are two separate camps in Jewry, two separate cultures, two diverse aspirations, one of the East and one meandering along the shallows in the West."

We need not comment on the above. What a sad state of affairs!

One of the greatest changes that should come in the Jewish world is in their attitude toward Hebrew Christians. They too need to learn the meaning of toleration and of religious liberty.

JUDAISM AND LIBERTY The old notions about the exclusiveness of the Jew and his power to withstand all the forces of assimilative influences, do not now hold good. Mr. Israel Zangwill made a remarkable statement:

THE JEWS IN THE PRESENT CRISIS

"If the Jews were left to themselves-if the Christians granted to them freedom-they (the Jews) would, in the course of a few generations, merge into Christianity. * * * But for this, Christianity is not Christian enough."

But here is something more remarkable. The well-known Jewish philanthropist, Mr. J aoob H. Schiff, was one of those "Americans of the Jewish persuasion" who opposed Zionism because of its national aspirations. Not long ago, while delivering an address before the League of Jewish Youth, at New York, he claimed to be converted to Zionism. Dr. David Philipson, of Oincinnati, one of the great Re- formed Jewish leaders, after reading reports of that address, wrote to Mr. Schiff in great alarm, expressing dissension from the idea that Judaism would disintegrate in a free country. He says: "If England should conquer Palestine, it is a wild dream to imagine that the Christian nations of the world will permit the establishment of an independent Jewish State in Palestine and give to the Jews the most sacred Christian places associated with the life of Jesus of Nazareth. Palestine at most will be free and open to Jews and all others who desire to settle there under a joint protectorate of Allied Powers, but an autonomous Jewish Government is most unlikely. The modern spirit will transform life in Palestine also, and the Jews and Judaism there will be subject to influences similar to those at work in other free lands. If Judaism cannot survive in a free Russia, it will not be able to survive in a free Palestine."

Mr. Schiff replied that the history of Judaism in the midst of political and religious freedom showed a steady decline in Jewish customs and religion. He continued: "Feeling in this respect as I lio, and hJ.vin6" come to the conclusion that a remedy for existing conditions may possibly be found in the repopulation of Palestine by the Jewish people, I continue at the same time of the opinion that no effort should be made to re-establish a Jewish nation. because I believe were thi.s done, the very purpose which is in my mind would become destroyed. I believe that from 50 per cent. to 75 per cent. of the so-called Jewish Nationalists are either atheists or agnostics, and that the great majority of Jewish Nationalist leaders have absolutely no interest in the Jewish religion. Conditions in this respect are already-before a Jewish nation has actually been established, as is the desire of the Jewish Nationalists-the same as those which existed when the Jewish State was an actuality and when priest and prophet were ever in disagreement and feud with kingdom and State, and which led in the end to the State's destruction. This would surely happen again were a Jewish State again established."

ISRAEr/s SPIRITUAL CONDITION Here are proofs of the confusion, the sad and hopelessly chaotic outlook, even of the Jewish leaders. The conviction grows that the war has brought before the Christian Ohurch a very great missionary problem and a supreme opportunity for Jewish missionary work. Even before the war Jewish literature contained many frank and startling admissions about the inroads being made by Ohristianity into Judaism. We are told that the synagogue has lost its power, that the fate of Jewish orthodoxy is sealed, that the de-Judaizing tendency has gone too far to be stopped.

The war is intensifying all that, and the Jewish press of the day gives evidence of a growing conviction that Jewish destiny is in the balance; it shows that official Judaism and Jewish leaders are conscious of what is at stake and alive to the disintegrating forces let loose by the war on the Jewish world. To quote a Jewish writer: "Jewish education, culture, mental energy and spiritual expanding, and all that goes to comprise Judaism-these have been battered well nigh to death by the war, and in that has the war hit us Jews above all peoples terribly."

Sir Francis Montefiore, who has been president of the English Zionists since the inception of the movement, remarks that Judaism is a mere question of sect and the present political crisis is more important than Judaism. He confesses that While he was president of the Zionist Association he did not lmow what it really was.

THE OUTLOOK The world has not yet learned any great lesson out of this groaning agony and flood of blood; and suffering and bleeding Israel has not changed. 1'he "Rock of Ages" is still to them a stone of stumbling and a rock of offence. The stubborn, persistent cry still is: "We will not have this Man to reign over us."

But there are unmistakable signs of momentous importance and imminent changes. There is a growing tenderness, sympathetic interest und kindly feeling towards the Jewish people throughout Christendom. 1'he Spirit of God has touched the hearts of many of His children. In many cases prayer circles have been established and at least three new missions have been organized: one in London, England; one at Seattle and one in Brooklyn. The British societies are I)1aldng great efforts towards preparing themselves for extensive work amongst the Jews as soon as the war closes. A volume of prayer is now ascending to God on behalf of Israel, the result of which can hardly be overestimated.

The Jewish people as a whole seem to have given up their usual lightheartedness-the so-called Ghetto humor-and have become a little more serious when speaking of the things of God. The wild cry that filled the Jewish press at the beginning of the war, proving "the failure of Christianity," because Christian nations are warring, has entirely ceased; and instead, the failure of man is now being admitted by them. The open reviling and slandering of the name of Jesus is disappearing, and is entirely gone among the more enlightened: The spirit of honest inquiry and seeking after the truth has not only increased a hundredfold, but it is nothing short of a phenomenon. There has never been a greater demand for the Bible than at the present time.. The a.wakening of the Hebrew Christians to the momentousness of the times and to Israel's great needs, their longings and efforts to be united in a definite testimony, are indeed epOCh-making.

Children of Kansas Mining

BY REV. ]. T. HARTMAN A Sabbath School Missionary in Kansas . THE mining camp has furnished the scene for many thrilling stories, and the setting for many books of fiction. In the mining camp of fiction, children play no part, but in the Kansas mining camps, cllildren are a conspicuous reality. They fill the little homes and crowd the schoolhouses. To the credit of the great State of Kansas, it may be said that she proyides the best of school privileges, the best of teachers, and modern buildings and equipment for every camp. But to meet the religious needs of these communities is an acute problem.

Up to three years ago practically nothing had been done. It is in- consistent with the progressive development of Kansas that such spirit- ual neglpct should characterize this section of the State. But recently with the help of Mr. A. A. Hyde, the well-known ,Yichita manufacturer of "lIentholatum," a more hopeful story can be written. 'Vith that fore- sight and insight which mark all of his many benevolences, :Mr. Hyde projected a plan which proved practicable, and gave promise of imme- diate and lasting results. Sabbath schools were to be organized wher- ever needed, and then attached to the nearest evangelical churches, which were to foster them, and provide leaders and teachers. In Neosho Presbytery, southeastern Kansas, the rapid growth of the coal mining industry has brought many new towns into existence. This was chosen as the field for introducing the plan.

Good results work both ways. Primarily, the purpose is to help the needy field, but in doing this the church which is interested is itself benefited. Many churches have capable young people and efficient lay- men, whose talents lie idle and unused until brought into contact with the scores and hundreds of needy people of many nationalities among the mine workers and their families. An illustration of the results such efforts bring is found in one church organization which was doing a half-hearted work, but as they came in touch with a school organized in a nearby field, the church was revived, new enthusiasm was aroused, and the spiritual life of the church was deepened. The building was moved midway between the two points, and is now reaching both com- munities, doing triple its former work.

Another city church which was not noted for activity either within or without its own walls, adopted a new policy in line with the above plan. The following clipping from a daily newspaper reveals something of the transformation which followed: "The Good Fellows Class, an organization of one hundred men of the church, will provide Christmas trees for the various missions. Between eight hundred and one thousand children will share in these treats. The church now has six out-stations, two community centers and two employed helpers."

A Sabbath school was organized in a small needy camp, but the interest soon ceased and the school died. At last, after long persuasion, a neighboring church was induced to send workers there. The school took on new life and about that time a new mine was opened. The camp grew, the school prospered, preaching services were provided, and as a result of revival meetings more than fifty people made a profession.

'rhey were organized into a church, which is doing a much needed work in the community.

In a new town which was found to be without a Sabbath school there was no suitable meeting place, as the nearest school building was two miles away. A store-room, used for storing a family's house- hold goods, was at last discovered, and was secured for Sabbath-school and week-night services. The weather was cold, so a kitchen stove was pressed into service. The family chairs, supplemented with boxes, nail- kegs and counters were used for seating the audience. Family lamps supplied the light. A cottage organ furnished the music, and a refrig- erator was used for the pulpit. There was no Presbyterian church with- in miles, but a church of another denomination a few miles away was easily induced to foster this promising field. They now have an enthusiastic Sabbath school and regular preaching.

In another small village a school was organized and placed in charge of a young man from a distant city church. He was faithful for a whole year, through the heat of summer and the cold of winter. Then he decided to give his entire time to the Lord's work. He resigned a good position, reluctantly gave up the Sabbath school, and entered a training school. During his superintendency of the school he had trained a few workers who were able to keep the Sabbath school going during his absence. The young man finished his course, and is now pastor of a good church. Recently some Mormon teachers visited the little village for the purpose of spreading their belief, and the residents, in haste, 'phoned the Sabbath-school missionary to come out and hold services to counteract the Mormon influence. The meetings were at- tended with a lively interest, and now they have asked for the organi- zation of a church. .

Southridge, Kansas, was a new town, with no schoolhouse. When . one was completed, the Sabbath school was held there, and occasional preaching services were conducted by the missionary until more regular services could be arranged. The mother of one Ohristian family was elected Superintendent of the Sabbath school and the daughter, an ac- complished young lady, was appointed the primary teacher and organ- ist. Soon a church organization was needed, and was duly organized with thirty-three charter members. They are now completing a beauti- ful bungalow church building at the cost of $4,000, and have their own regular pastor.

In this work of linking these needy fields with neighboring churches, one of the most encouraging results is the direct influence it

THE CHILDREN OF KANSAS MINING CAMPS

has upon the workers who go out to lead and teach. They become wonderfully enthused and strengthened in their Christian lives and service. They carry this spirit back into their churches and inspire others by telling their experiences. Three such workers are now studying for the ministry, one has actually taken a pastorate, and two others have taken up active Christian work, devoting all their time to it.

It is a source of much comfort also to see dozens of automobiles, formerly used for pleasure riding on the Sabbath, now used every Sabbath in taking workers to out-stations and missions; and one of the best features of this sort of service is to observe the genuine pleasure which it seems to give the owners of the cars.

In the past three years. a marked change has taken place in the moral condition of the mining camps; so much so, that it is the cause of comment by traveling men and others who make periodical visits to these places. These changes are noticeable in the decrease in the number of saloons and other evil resorts, and in the restraint put upon various forms of vice. The night crowds on the interurban cars are quieter, the numerous "movies" are giving a better grade of pictures, the neighborhood and public hall dances are not as disreputable as formerly, and the conditions in general are greatly improved. As light dispels darkness, just as truly does the coming of the Sabbath school cast a benign, helpful, enlightening influence over the life of a community.

OUR PRESENT OPPORTUNITY.

FROM AN ADDRESS BY DR. JOHN R. MOTT.

"For the twelve months following the entry of the United States into the war the gifts from this country for absolutely unselfish ob- jects, such as the Red Cross, the Christian Associations, relief of stricken nations, welfare funds, but not including national loans, de- nominational gifts or education, will be at least $330,000,000. In no year before the war did America give for such causes as much as $30,- 000,000. We have nothing to boast about. That is only aoout three dollars and a little more per capita, whereas I visited cities in Canada within a few weeks where they were giving now, in the fourth year of the war, fourteen dollars per capita for every man, woman and child." *** "The very fact that everything is up-heaving means we are going to have a period of unexampled reconstruction. The very fact that the world is bearing impossible burdens means that we are going to have the chance of our lives to lift loads. The very fact that people are suffering is going to make our generation unique in the development of heart power. The very fact that this world is embittered is going to give Christianity its chance.

"All Europe is in the melting pot. And if somebody had said to me twelve months ago, even, after my visits to Europe every year now for over twenty-five years, if somebody had said to me a year ago, 'Name the country that will be least plastic at the end of this war of the countries now in the war,' the country I would have named is the country that I will now say is the most plastic. That is Russia. The distressing events, from one point of view, that we have been observing in these recent days prove as nothing else could have proved my point, that it is the most plastic."

*** "The range of our influence and lea.dership in the world of reconstruction will be determined by the genuineness and the fullness with which we enter into fellowship with the sufferings now. In vain is it for the students of Canada and the United States to put their lives over there in Flanders and down there between Verdun and Switzerland unless we have Christian men that will build on those foundations. Shall these sacrifices, these unparalleled sacrifices, be in vain? Shall the foundations lJave been laid for a new world, and we be found unworthy or unwilling to build the structure. Certainly not. We will enter into fellowship. Of what value is it for a man to die for my sake if I do not enter in? The meaning of the cross of Christ has become more vivid and appealing to tens of millions of men in these late years. Help us to enter in. 1lay such livps of sacrifice and of reverent use of the imagination and of heroic effort be lived by uS that they will become contagious in these colleges and schools and seminaries, and then through us out in the churches and these nations."

*** "Nothing has happened in this war which has invalidated a single claim ever made by Christ or on behalf of Christ. Not a thing has taken place in the world which has weakened one of Christ's prin- ciples. Christ never was so necessary, never more so; never more unique and never more sufficient. It is a great thing by an infinite process of exclusion, like this war has been, gradually to rivet t~e attention of the world upon the Unchangeable One, tlle One who IS tlJe same yesterday, today and forever. He came not only to proclaim a message but that there might be a message to proclaim. Thank God for tile chance of tIle ages to go back into our colleges and jnto our homes and into non-Christian nations and fix attention on the Only One that has not slipped and fallen. There He stands other tllan aII ,the rest, strona amonO' the weak, erect among the fallen, cdl"ean h h • among the defiled, living among the dead-Jesus ChrIst our Lor .

BUTLER WITH HIS CHRIS'fIAN AZTEC

Tbis girl was trained by the Metbodist Mis.ion Dr. John W. Butler of Mexico"

Forty-four Years as a Missionary in Mexico BY MISS CLEMENTINA BUTLER, PROVIDENCE, RHODE ISLAND J OHN WESLEY BUTLER went to Mexico at the age of twenty- . three, one of the youngest missionaries ever sent abroad by llis Board. For nearly half a century he devoted himself to the Mexican people with a whole heartedness which won their love and confidence to a marked degree. No question of advancement 01' honor could swerve him from his devotion, and the consciousness of this dedication is recognized by the people whom he loved as in their lament to day they say "He understood us."

At a time when misunderstanding between the United States and Mexico would have been a most serious menace to peace, the presence of such a man representing a great Evangelical Church, known and trusted by both nations, was a benediction in the capital of the troubled land. Knowing personally all the presidents of Mexico since Lerdo de Tejada, he was fortunate in being able to keep their regard without entangling himself in the politics of the country. All classes felt that his interest was for the welfare of the nation and that his wide influence was never exerted in political affairs. Zion's Herald says of him: • Dr_ Butler's earthly service closed in Mexico City last M<lrcb, after a term of forty-four years as a missionary of the Methodist Episcopal Church. .

"Dr. Butler was unquestionably the most influential foreigner in Mexico. This place of power he had won by his sterling character, his unselfish devotion to the people, his loyalty to the principle of the religion which he professed. He was in Mexico to help the people find Christ, to help save them from irreligion and the vices that follow in its train. The people knew this and loved him; the leaders knew it and trusted him. The place of Dr. Butler in Mexico was in consequence of this and of the pecularities of national conditions unique in many respects in the history of Methodist Episcopal missions."

Dr. William Butler, his father, was the founder of the Methodist missions in India and Mexico. When he left for India in 1856, his greatest trial was the separation from his little sons, John and his older brother William, who were left in a boarding school in Wilton, Connecticut. Almost ten years elapsed before he again saw John, but after that son and father were seldom parted.

John W. Butler was graduated from Boston University School of Theology in 1874, and proceeded immediately to Mexico where his father had opened a mission the previous year.. Entering the country so soon after the downfall of the so-called Mexican Empire, in which Maximilian of Austria was supported by French bayonets and papal prestige, and almost immediately after the death of Benito Juarez, he witnessed the strenuous efforts of the nation for the reestablishment of the republic. He stood in the railway station and saw the last of the Jesuits depart from the country which cast them out as too active in political affairs to the neglect of their spiritual duties. A nation with ninety-seven per cent. of illiteracy was not a credit to the Church which for three hundred years had controlled the schools and religious life of the people.

The Methodist mission was still persecuted, for the masses failed to understand the real motive of the American missionaries. The services were watched to see if any political propaganda was preached, but after some time Dr. Butler had the satisfaction of hearing from the lips of the President of the Republic, that after having heard the witnesses who attended the services at the Mission, they found that the Evangelicals were teaching their people to pray for the government of the nation-a course quite contrary to what they found in other gatherings.

The Mexico of that day was in need of a message of hope. Its treas- ury was almost exhausted in the struggle with Maximilian; its country divided by political parties, chief of which was the reactionary clerical party largely composed of representatives of the Roman Catholic hierarchy which held such a strong hold on the resources of the land. In 1850 Senor Lerdo made a study of the conditions, and declared that the property of the Roman Catholic Ohurch amounted to the sum of $184,000,000, with annual salaries of the priests reaching· $20,000,000_ Small wonder that Juarez stated, -after reviewing the sit- uation, that "Upon the development of Protestantism largely depends the future happiness of this country."

About this time a delegation of prominent Mexican men came to

DR. JOHN W. BUTLER OF MEXICO

New York and pled with the representatives of different Protestant Mission Boards to send missionaries to their land lest, having lost con- fidence in the present religious leadership, it should slip into irreligion.

In response to this can various societies entered the field. The Metho- dist Episcopal Mission made its headquarters in the Capital, and was fortunate enough to secure a part of the great monastery of San Fran- cisco, which covered a space equal to four city blocks, and which when sequestrated by the liberal government was found to house only sixteen monks who enjoyed aU the resources of the wonderful establishment with its great en- dowments. It was placed at the service of the people and sold in sections for various uses. The part secured by the Methodist Mission was once the pleasure palace of the Aztec Emperors. I ts varied for- tune was to become in turn a the- atre, next the temporary home of the Mexican Congress, and then a circus which failed because of the superstitious feeling of the people for its former religious use_ This varied history made its acquisition by the Mission a notable event, which,applauded by tne Liberal press, was greatly deplored by the .THE METHODIST HEADQUARTERS IN reactionary editors as a "desecra- . MEXICO CITY tion." At this hour John W . Butler came right from his theological course determined to understand the situation, and to help Mexico to rise to its high mission as a leader among the Latin-American republics, it being the first to shake off the European yoke, and to follow the United States into the democratic form of government. The influence of Mexico at that date was potent among the other countries of Central and South America.

At that time Mexico was not well understood by the people of the United States and the opinion prevailed, as it still does now, alas!

that Mexico was a land of bandits. A generous Methodist friend pre- sented the outgoing missionary with a fine pistol, but it ,,;as never used and was soon disposed of. Dr. Butler's opinion was that missionaries have no business with pistols, and his belief was justified by his more than forty years among the Mexican people.

His trips on horseback or in the old-fashioned stage coaches, which supplemented the single railway of those days, took him through the

hot country of the coast, and then up into the mountains where the Mission has stations at over 10,000 feet. He was in perils oft, and yet never received any harm from the people. On one occasion he entered late in the evening a friendly ranch, only to find soon after that it was surrounded by thousands of hostile Indians-all armed. The little company expected every moment an attack, but it turned out to he a misunderstanding, and when the Indians came to know that the foreigner who had entered was a missionary they quietly dispersed.

Dr. Butler's catholic spirit made him the friend of many priest.s who came to him, sometimes under cover of darkness, to talk of their dissatisfaction with their present teachings, and to ask for guidance. To such the Mission could hold out no promise of remunerative positions, but the Word of God was freely given, and during the years several such le(t the old Church and came into the Evangelical ministry, becoming indeed fathers to their people, though they no longer demanded the title. The friendship with Gen. Porfirio Diaz which Dr. Butler enjoyed during the 30 years of his active political prominence in Mexico, was a remarkable feature in the life of a missionary. Bishop McCabe used to relate an incident to the effect that when he accompanied him to the palace to call on the venerable President, Don Porfirio placed his hand on the shoulder of the missionary saying, "Friend John, you have not come to see me for a long time.'" Equally cordial was his relationship with the Indian people-eating their food and living in their homes on his long trips. One of his great friends among the Indians was Prince Prez, an aged Indian, a direct descendant of the Aztec Emperor Moctezuma, who now as an active member of a little Protestant church in the State of Oaxaca was a most happy Christian. His response to the invitation of Maximilian of Austria to come to Mexico City to accept a position of honor in the so-called Empire, had been, "When I go to Mexico to see an Emperor, it will be one with Mexican blood in his veins." This was often quoted by Dr. Butler as a testimony to the loyalty and patriotism of the indigenous people of Mexico.

In contradiction to the uninformed and careless newspaper writers who picture Mexico to us as a nation of bandits, some going so far as to say that 14,000,000 of them may be counted in that class, it was Dr. Butler's firm belief that only about a quarter of a million were actually engaged in the revolutions, and that the remainder of the 15,000,000 are peace-loving, law-abiding people.

Besides work in Spanish, Dr. Butler was at the head of an English-speaking church and his ministry to the young Americans who went down in thousands for the industrial enterprises which unfolded so rapidly during the last quarter of a century was a large part of his work. When an American was taken ill at the hotel and was sent to the pest house, and it became known that he was ill with black smallpox, it was Dr. Butler who went to him, when none else would approach.

DR. JOHN W. BUTLER OF MEXICO

One particularly pathetic case of this kind resulted in the establishment of an American hospital, where to-day English-speaking people may have physicians and nurses who speak their tongue. The following incident occurred in California about ten years ago, when a man with his arms full of flowers came on to a sleeper in which it was an- nounced that he was traveling, and called out "Is Dr. Butler of Mexico here?" 'While all'looked on he came forwar-d and filled the arms of the missionary with his burden of flowers. Then without a word of explanation to him, he turned and addressed the people in the car, saying, "This man placed flowers on the grave of my boy in Mexico." Everyone in the car min- gled their tears with his. The ac- count of this incident which Dr.

Butler wrote to his aged mother, closed with these words, "If man's recognition is so sweet, what will heaven be?"

The railroads employed in the early days of their great develop- ment in Mexico far more Americans as engineers than they do at present. In case of accident, Dr.

Butler was always in the relieving train and the men of the line came to love him devotedly. One morn- A METHODIST VILLAGE CHAPEL IN ing a letter came to the mission MEXICO house from a pastor in Canada whose son, a brilliant young fellow, had left college in a spirit of adventure, and had not been heard from for two year's, the last news of him being in Japan. He wondered if by any possibility the boy had drifted to Mexico. It was characteristic of Dr. Butler to respond to such an appeal immediately and leaving all other duties that morning he went down to inquire among the railway boys for the prodigal. Within two hours he had found the young man, then almost dead from starvation and neglect, and was able to restore him to his father and a career of usefulness and honor.

His friendliness with the representatives of the press in Mexico became an asset to the Evangelical cause. Indeed at one time they gave him unmerited praise, when on the occasion of a great memorial serv- ice in the large auditorium of the church at No.5 Calle de Gante, they reported his remarks as of unusual eloquence. No wonder, for he was reading from the ritual the sublime passage from St. Paul, "0, grave

where is thy victory!" words unfamiliar to Catholic reporters of the day.

Besides his preaching and pastoral work, Dr. Butler found time to edit for years the El Abogado Cristiano, the mission weekly which has never been suspended even during these years of revolution, and to administer a large mission press which publishes millions of Sunday school helps and tracts.

It had been the dream of his life to see the field in which his father had laid the foundations of another mission, so in 1906 he accompanied his venerable mother, who in her 86th year went with the Jubilee party to celebrate the 50th year of Methodist work in ,India. The joy of the great results manifested on this occasion gave him courage for the greater day for Mexico which will soon dawn. He was not permitted to see his own jubilee, but God spared him to see the work begun in 1873 grow until it numbers over seven thousand communicants, and more than 22,000 adherents, with 5,000 children being educated in the schools of the mission. On a recent Sunday, in Mexico City alone, more than 700 were present in the two Sunday Schools of his'Mission, and as many as 1,500 attended one of the church services. From seeing the Bible a prohibited book, and recovering portions of it which were burned in the streets as recently as six years ago, he lived to see the agents of the Bible Society sell, in one of the cities of the land, in the brief space of one month, more than 10,000 copies of portions of God's Word, while one of the Bible women of his Mission sold in Mexico City over 2,000 copies in a few weeks. His hope for a union of the two Metho· dists is not yet a reality, but the action of seventy representatives of the various Mexico missions gathered in Cincinnati in 1914 for a pro· gram of readjustment of territory was a great joy. The Union Hymn Book which has been used by practically every Evangelical mission is to be followed, according to the plans of this conference by a Union College, a union publishing house and Christian periodical, and the great Union Theological Seminary, which already at work, places Mexico in advance uf all other fields in this respect. For the first time to the one Catholic Church, the Evangelical Church presents thus a united front which, allowing for diversities of opinion, manifests clearly our one faith and purpose.

The burden for his work in this time of loss in exchange was keenly felt by Dr, Butler. The deprivations which the war prices brought upon his ministerial brethren burdened him like the deprivations of his own children. The love he bore to these brethren was like that of a father, and indeed the younger men almost universally gave bim the affec· tionate title of "Uncle John." .

The spirit in which Dr. 'Butler viewed the outlook for Mexico, is shown by his letter to the Secretary of the American Bible Society, written from Mexico on January 30, less than two months before his death. In this letter he said:

DR. JOHN W. BUTLER OF MEXICO

"The facts are that the country has been shaken from center to circumference and the Mexican people have their eyes open as never before, Their minds are full of inquiry. The number of these is constantly increasing. The rising generation will be educated as no previous generation has been. This is a golden opportunity to put into the hands of this people the Word of Life.

"It is just fifty-two years since Maximilian permitted the opening of the first Bible Agency in this country, and up to date something like 1,000,000 copies of the Bible or portions thereof have been distributed in the country. But, 'What are these among so many?' Sixteen million men, women and children await the entrance of the Word that giveth life and light. Will we withhold it or will the people in the United States awake to the significance of the opportunity and give you the means that will enable you to scatter abroad the Book which contains the infallible remedy for all the ills which have afflicted these oppressed people in generations past?

"Your Society can send a book ahead of the missionary, and in the many places where we cannot go as yet, but to which we will surely be called if the Book is first sent out. As I go about the country and look upon the mass of the people, especially of the humble class, I am more and more impressed with the thought that thousands, if not literally millions, about us can truthfully say, 'No man careth for my soul.' The Bible will teach them differently, and if given generously will bring, in the near future, out of all our disorder, a happy and prosperous Mexico, the best of all neighbors lying to your south."

The closing word of Dr. Butler's "History of the Methodist Mission in Mexico," just from the press, shows a similar confidence: "In 1865 the immortal Lincoln at one of Mexico's darkest hours wrote to the' exiled President, Benito Juarez: 'Be of good cheer my friend. Mexico will rise again.' Shortly after this the foreign invader withdrew from the country and Mexico did re-rise and with the aid of her marvelous resources came soon into a prosperous condition. In last days she has been passing through deep waters but we trust that she will soon emerge into better days. Her country pacified, her farms and factories, her mines and mills will bring her prosperity and her people will be educated and industrious. Protestant Christianity will have her part in this good work. Possibly the historic church, learning lessons from the past, revitalized in some measure and provoked to good works by the Evangelical bodies, will purge itself of idolatry and dedicate its tremendous influence to the uplifting and Christianizing of the masses. What power that church would exercise if Jesus Christ were given the preeminence."

We close with a few words of appreciation of Dr. Butler from one of the missionaries in Mexico: "His saintliness was of the attractive variety and his whole life dominated by one great purpose-to know and to do the will of his Father. Dr. Butler also loved folks, he wanted his friends around him and the beauty of his spirit, his sparkling humor, his interest in everything worthy of a man-made him attractive to them.

"Dr. Butler had the international mind. He loved the land of his fathers, England; he loved the land where his father labored first-India; He loved America, his own land with the fervor of a true patriot and HE LOVED MEXICO. A better friend she will not find or one who saw her needs more clearly and strove more faithfully to bring in the day of her glory. He did not live to see that day here but we believe that he may, -from 'beyond, view the Mexico that is to be, built in no small degree on foundations which he himself laid."

Church In Time of

BY REV. J. H. JOWETT, D.D., Pastor of Westminster Chapel, Buckinghamgate, London, England "I fill up on my part that which is lack- most parts of the earth. In the Chris- tian redemption our sufferings are not ing of the afflictions of Christ" (Col. I :24). elemental or fundamental; they are supplemental. Sacrificial disciples are That is a very startling claim. There needed to proclaim the unique sacrifice is an apparent audacity about it which of our Lord. "I fill up on my part almost takes away one's breath. "I fill that which is lacking of the afflictions up that which is lacking of the afflic- of Christ." tions of ChrisL" But was there something lacking. in Jesus which had to be The Crimson Thread supplied by Paul? Was there a defect in the sacrificial ministry of our Lord? Now, wherever we touch the life of Was there some fatal gap in the sacred the Saviour we touch the spirit of sacsecurities of the Cross? Was the green rifice. Nothing is cheap; nothing is hill outside the city wall the site of done as a mere incident; nothing is a an unfinished redemption? Was Paul bloodless fragment which has no reneeded to perfect the efficacy of aton- lationship to the eternal purpose. In ing grace? This was surely not the the life of Jesus everything is the gift meaning of the Apostle's claim. More of blood. We cannot break into the than any other man he continually life anywhere without finding the crimgloried in the perfected wonders of son thread. Let us try it here and the reconciling sacrifice of Christ. there, and we shall see how, in every Love's redeeming work was done. place, the sacred passion is revealed. Paul could add nothing to the Cross. Open the Word in this place. Here And yet, here stands the strange as- is the Lord beset by vulgar men. A sertion: "I fill up on my part that callous crowd, wearing the trappings which is lacking of the afflictions of of religion, has dragged a fallen wom- Christ." The Apostle evidently brings an into His holy presence. "Jesus some suffering of his own, and adds stooped down and with his finger it to the sufferings of his Lord. For it is wrote upon the ground." And are we possible for us to supplement the mir- not looking at the crimson thread? acle we cannot perform. When the That stooping down, that hiding of Saviour has multiplied the loaves, we the face, is the symbol of suffering; it ca'n distribute the bread. By no man- is the sign of exquisite spiritual refinener of possibility can we enrich the ment in contact with the brutal vul- Cross of Christ by any treasure of our garity of men. own; but we can take up our own cross, and we can willingly yield our Break into the Life at another own strength to the glorifying of His point. One day His disciples came to Cross and to proclaiming its virtue Him and introduced a number of throughout the world. We cannot young Greeks, who desired the Lord's make His sacrifice more effective, but acquaintance: "Sir, we would see by our sacrifices we can make the un- Tesus!" For one moment His soul is shared sacrifice known to all men. And exalted in the vision: "The hour is so our filling up of the sufferings of come that the Son of man shall be Christ is not done on the hill called glorified." And then we see the crim- Calvary; it is done on that long road son strand again and the suffering in which begins at the empty tomh and which the redemption of Greek and which stretches through Jerusalem Gentile is' to be accomplished: and Samaria, and reaches the utter- "Now is My soul troubled." It is a glimpse at the afflictions of Christ. And So' is it everywhere in all the the immoral mire af their surround- varied aspects af His labaur. Christ ings. Others are like Sherwoad Ed- never gave anything that cost Him dy's soldier-friend, who said that in the nO'thing. Through every deed there direst surroundings he felt as if he ran the current of holy passion. His were "in some great cathedral with the whale life was a travail far eternal presence of God all abaut him." So' it ends, and therefare everything was is· very clear that while one man finds the gift of blaad. only the devil in warfare, another man The Apostolic Fellowship of Suffering may find his Lord. And as it is with soldiers, so it is When I turn fram the life af the Master to' the life af His Apastles I with peoples. War will nat necessarily find the fellowship af His sufferings. crown a people with a diadem of spirit- We can see the crimson line. The ual grace and moral nobility. Great Apostles entered the Kingdom af changes will be effected by this War. Heaven through tribulatian, and they The transformation is taking place becanquered new daminians for their fore our eyes. There will be social and Lard as trenches are taken on the bat- economic adjustments of an incredible tle-fields of Europe, by casting every- range and order. There will be thing into the venture, and by climbing changes in literature. There will be the steep ascent thraugh peril, toil and changes in the standard of Jife. And pain. They filled up on their part that yet, amid all these changes, and in spite which was lacking of the afflictians of of them, there may be amang the great Christ. masses of the people a deadlier moral apathy and a benumbment of the And so it has been all through the nerves of spiritual correspondence and histary af the Christian Church. The a cansequent lessening of our com- Cross has won no victory by the hands munian with God. of sluggish and unbleeding heralds, and Calvary has· never tald its convinc- Mighty Wrestling ing story thraugh the ministry af Haw is this fatal issue to' be avaidfrozen hearts. The blaad of the mar- ed? I believe it is largely to' be tyrs has been the seed of the Church. avaided by the saving ministry af the Will the Church Do It Now? Church of Christ, and by her eager willingness to fill up on her part that Here we are, at the end of the ages, which is lacking of the afflictians of and we are set in a big and momentaus Christ. For great spiritual births there time. How is it with us and with all . must be great travail. The Church of our fellow-believers in the Church? must be like her Lord and like the In what spirit is the present crisis Lard's apostles in the early Churchfaced by the Church of God? Is she she must aganize for the moral and the kinsman of the Apostolic Church the spiritual redemption of men. and the kinsman af the Church of the "Agonize"-it is a great New Testagreat travails? If we break into the ment word, and it was barrowed from Church's life, any time ar anywhere, the athlete; it was taken from the shall we find the crimson strand? Can mighty wrestlings in the arena. The she truthfully say with the Apostle Church is to agonize in the tremendous Paul: "I fill up On my part that which exercise of spiritual wrestling. She is lacking of the sufferings of Christ"? is to' wrestle with God, as the patriarch My brethren, it is imperative that wrestled with the angel unto the cam- we remember that war is not neces- ing af the dawn. She is to wrestle sarily an ennobling experience, even with herself, treading upon the lion if it be faught in a sacred cause and and the adder within her own life, and for righteaus ends. Some men find ·in trampling the yaung lian and the the trenches anly profanity and ob- dragon under her feet. And she is to scenity, and they clothe themselves in wrestle for the ~edemption of the

world, generously and bountifully affected by the flag or boundary line. spending her blood that she might win She must be zealous to defend her the world for Christ. humanness, her Christianness, her wells and fountains of life, and she Well, do you see many signs of this must keep them deep and pure and wrestling? Would you say that the sweet. She must fight against the sub- Church of Christ has intimacy with the tle encroachment of all moral opiates apostolic agony, and is entering into and aru:esthetics. The Church must the fellowship of her Saviour's suffer- keep herself awake and vigilant, and ings? How is it with her men? How in this most appalling time she must is it with her women? Said one sol- remain the eye, and the ear, and the dier in a letter he wrote to a woman mind, and the heart of our Lord. from Flanders: "I want to tell you that if you.were here you would feel Wrestle in Prayer that a woman who frivols has ceased to exist for anybody who is up against And secondly-The Church must the stark facts of death and life. . . . agonize in the labour of intercessioll. Can you guess how I feel when I see You remember the word of the apostle in the papers a picture column adver- Paul, "I would have you know how tisement of outlandish hat shapes greatly I agonize for you!" It is a flanking the very letters describing an glimpse into the strong intercessory army in its agony! It flaunted us, if wrestlings of the great Apostle. It is you please, when we still had in vision a glimpse of the crimson strand. His the broken but unbandaged heads of prayers were like the muscular contenglorious men, smashed all about us in tion of an athlete in grips with his a great assault on our line." antagonist. "Agonize" is not a popular word in the modern Church's vocabu- Wrestle to Keep Spiritually Sensitive lary. "Organize" appears to have the supreme place. We organize more than Well, are we frivoling? What shall we agonize. Weare more intent upon we do? What is to be our line of multiplying machinery than we are sanity and salvation? How shall the upon enriching our fundamental pow- Church agonize and "fill up on her er. Weare more eager in riveting the part that which is lacking of the afflic- organization than in strengthening the tions of Christ" ? Well, first of all- organism. Weare more concerned to The Church of Christ mt~st agonize in confer with one another than we are the guarding of her own sensitiveness. to hold great communion with God. In times like these the realm of the But it is in agonizing intercession that insensitive is continually enlarging its the real conflict in our time is to be kingdom. One nerve after another is won. Rivers of vitality have their rise benumbed, and ceases to have any cor- in souls that are on their knees before respondence with the naked reality of God. The deep and mighty prayers of things. Our range of feeling is re- the Church are the real birthpangs of duced. Some of our elemental in- the race. stincts go to sleep. The fine perception of vital differences is blunted. Well, how is it with the intercessions Love and hatred mingle in strange of the Church? If we could look into confusion. We lose the glaring con- them, should we find the red strand? trast of right and wrong. Weare Is there anything in our prayers in robbed of the Christian sense of sin. these momentous days which can in any way be regarded as supplemental And therefore do I say that the to the tremendous work of Calvary? Church must agonize to preserve her Is there anything of wrestling? Is own sensitiveness; for if her moral there anything of the athlete's agony and spiritual intuitions become dull for the prize? Let me ask a very chaland dim, one of the greatest hopes of lenging question, a question which the world is gone. The Church must smites me to the very ground as I ask labour to keep her sense of right urt-

1918j THE CHURCH IN TIME OF WAR

it, and let me ask it in great reverence: constrained to worship Him as the If you were God, would you answer supreme Hero of heroes and the Capprayers such as we toss so lightly and tain of their salvation. easily into the sacred Presence? . . . How our Master prayed in Geth- And that, too, must be the primary semane in the birth-hour and birth- work of the Church at home, to preach throes of the world's redemption! the Gospel, to proclaim the ma.rvellous "And being in an agony he prayed realities of redemption, and to do more earnestly, and His sweat was as it with the very blood of lives which it were great drops of blood falling are eagerly surrendered to the Lord down to the ground." Such was the who bought us. Saviour's suffering intercession. And His own Church is called to supple- The world is aching for a Gospel ment those sufferings; she is called to and it is the labour of the Church to agonize in our own day, and to wrestle present a gospel that can reach the with the angel until the break of day. world's most awful need, that can get We are to "fill up on our part that down to its deepest depravity, and which is lacking of the afflictions of bring cordials and balms to its most appalling sorrow. And the old Gospel Christ." can do it! Yes, the old Gospel, in working attire, proclaimed by a Wrestle in Preaching Church which believes it, is gloriously efficient to meet the most tremendous And in the third place, the Church needs of this most tremendous day. must agonize in the proclamation of "God so loved the world that He gave the Gospel. Nothing, even in these ex- His only-begotten Son, that whosociting days, must supplement the ever believeth on Him should not preaching of the Gospel-and it must perish, but have everlasting life." That be the Apostolic Gospel, not trimmed Gospel, preached by a Church that beto meet the superficial fashion of the lieves in it, a Church that is redeemed passing hour. We must not play with by it, a Church that will give its blood the Gospel. We must not trifle with for it, is the sure and ·certain secret of it. We must not toy with it daintily a comforted, purified, unified, regenerlike effeminate loiterers who have no ated and transfigured world. In her great and immediate business in hand. preaching of an atoning Saviour, the We must hand it out to the world with Church must on her .part fill up that the very blood of men and women who which is lacking of the sufferings of have been gloriously redeemed by the Christ. precious blood of Christ. There must be blood in the proclamation of the So must the Church supplement the Gospel to all our soldiers, whether sufferings of Christ in all the ways I they are in the training-camp or in the have named, by guarding her own trenches in the actual field of war. moral and spiritual sensitiveness; by Our services among the soldiers are the wrestling ministry of intercession; nqt always impressive. Here are three by a lavish proclamation of the Gos~ sentences from the letters of three pel and by every form of holy and soldiers at the Front: "Army religion sacrificial service. In everything she is the limit;" "The service is a perfect does the Church must reveal the crimfarce;" "Church parades arouse my son strand. She must shed her blood worst passions." Our military chap- for her Saviour. And she must do it lains must be more than prim and all with sacred joy. She must rejoice superfine spectators: they must be that she is counted worthy to suffer for splendid soldiers of the Lord, and their His Name. And indeed we have someservices must be as real as the most thing and everything to make us sing. urgent realities on the field; and when We have our risen and present Lord, men hear them proclaim the Gospel of and we have the boundless resources the Lord Jesus Christ, they must be of redeeming grace. "He loved me, and gave Himself for me."

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METHODS .. ~O !Sh'WUU…h.dW' ·..- BY MRS. E. C. CRONK, RICHMOND, VIRGINIA Chairman of the Committee on Methods of Work of the Federation of Woman's Foreign Mission Boards METHODS OF PRESERVING MISSIONARIES.

WE READ many advertisements sails means opportunity for enlarging and treatises in these days on the interest of those who stay.

the proper care and preservation of Steamer Letters.-Oh, the dreary things of value, from teeth to forests, days unenlivened by whistle of the but the care and preservation of one postman! Everybody thinks everybody of the most costly and valuable of else is sending plenty of steamer let- world factors receives scant attention. ters so the missionary may pass letter- Missionaries are a valuable invest- less days. A little thoughtfulness on ment. From a monetary standpoint the part of some one in passing on to alone they represent millions of dol- a circle of friends and interested work- lars of the church's capital. Entirely ers the steamer address of outgoing aside from either a sense of honor, or missionaries will mean that when the feeling of sentiment, they represent missionary is on board there will be de- too large an outlay to be disregarded. livered to him such a stack of mail as Even if there were no grateful appre- will make his fetIow passengers regard ciation of their work it is good busi- him with respectful admiration. The ness policy for the Church to surround assurance that these letters do not re- them with conditions under which quire a personal answer whets his they can give the best returns in relish for them. True, there are some effective .service and can extend that steamer letters which make one won- service over the longest possible term. der whether a stereotyped form for Our Mission Boards are taking care "A Correct Letter to be Sent to a of the big propositions in salaries and Missionary" has been printed in some equipment but, since missionaries are "Letter Writer's Complete Guide."

decidedly individual and human, there Somehow a foreboding cheerfulness are some things, usually reckoned lit- seems to be forced into them as if tle things, which nevertheless mean the writer felt perfectly sure that the much, and which no Board can handle recipient was likely to appear at any as official business. time on the breakfast menu of some For the Outgoing Voyage. cannibal island, but was trying to be heroically reassuring over it. The No matter how much enthusiasm spice of variety and an element of the missionary has in his heart, no real worth may be easily introduced matter how eagerly he has set his into steamer letters if some one will face. to his field, there comes a sinking give time and thought to them and of the heart as the last glimpse of the pass suggestions on to others.

home-land fades away. Some one has A Bouquet of Roses.-At a farewell said that "no peculiar brand of piety reception an outgoing missionary was is developed by an ocean voyage." On presented a bouquet of roses. To the the other hand, the piety already de- stem of each rose was tied a note writ- veloped, the courage and the deter- ten by some friend. The notes were mination of many missionaries meet dated, one for each day of the voyage.

days of testing in these days of voy- The missionary wrote back that she aging. From the side of developing had eagerly waited the coming of each the home base every missionary who new day, and that, while she had con-

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scientiously held the notes until the a longing that Livingstone's friend proper dates arrived, she became so in- might be at hand as each missionary tensely interested that she did get up one night as soon as the clock struck sails, or that her mantle might fall twel ve, to read one. on a host who would remember that many times there are when a mission- A Promise for Every Day.-Select ary might save his strength and insome of the rich promises of the crease his efficiency if he had com- Bible. Write them on cards and put paratively small sums at his disposal. in dated envelopes, one to be opened Farewell Showers.-Not all the each day. missionaries who sail are of the stern- A Daily Prayer.-Write on cards a ly heroic type who are determined to leave behind every earthly comfort. prayer for every day of the voyage, There is no reason why they should. with the assurance that on that day you will join in the same prayer. Every bit of cheer and comfort they A Gem for Every Day.-Select can carry with them will be sorely some gems of poetry and copy or needed during the days that they must mount on cards, one for each day. face on the field. For the girl who is Look Pleasant, Please!-He who makes the missionary laugh has going to Japan comes this shower suglengthened his days and strengthened gestion: his work. Select choice bits of humor, from Mark Twain's ocean voyage or "For invitations fasten cards to the tiny the funny column in the daily and Japanese umbrellas which may be bought by the dozen at the ten cent stores, or cut prepare one for every day of the designs from paper napkins and fasten on voyage. cards. Circulate among the girls a list of the things the missionary really wants and Daily Surprises.-A bright group have each of them select the thing she will of young people prepared a surprise give and check it off, to avoid duplication. box for each day for an outgoing mis- To give a real cherry blossom effect in sionary. In each box was some gift. decorations, pop corn and dip it in pink The reflex influence on the .young dye. Then glue the grains of corn to the folks would have made the work bare branches of a tree. The partially worth while, even if the gifts had been popped grains make perfect opening buds. worth nothing to the missionary. Have the guests received by daintily kimonoed maidens. The presents may be A Parting Gift Saved Livingstone. brought in by the same little maidens who -Just before Livingstone sailed for bow to the ground as they present them. Africa a woman gave him a parting Provide entertainment by having tables gift in cash for his personal use. This which have on each six questions about gift enabled the overworked mission- Japan for a progressive contest. Favors ary to employ Melbawe, who became may be bought at a Japanese store or may his ever-faithful servant and friend. be made by the artistic girl. A kodak pic- When Livingstone was attacked by ture of the missionary, pasted on a tiny the lion he was saved from the very Japanese flag, makes an attractive souvenir. jaws of death by the screams of this Before the guests go, give the missionary devoted black man, who thus diverted an opportunity to enlist them as intercesthe attention of the enraged beast sors, and in any other definite service posfrom his master to himself, and pre- sible in her work." served to Africa and to the world the life of that princely missionary. Showers need not be confined to the feminine gender. Things masculine When we think of such a man as Dr. John Scudder, every hour of which are not supplied by any Board, whose life meant so much to India, breaking down completely as a result yet which make much more complete of a long walk under a burning sun the equipment of missionaries, have for lack of the trifling sum to pay been supplied by energetic leaders who for a sedan chair, there comes to us have noted the needs and had them supplied by individuals or organiza- tions. Aside from the value of the equipment there is great gain in the increased interest of those who supply it. Prayer Leagues.-The sailing of

each new missionary is another oppor- at the front in the war, are making tunity for the forming of new prayer some of us realize that we have done leagues or the strengthening of those almost nothing to follow the mission- already formed. Among the most aries who are out on the firing line in cheering of steamer letters are those a still greater warfare. The "Follow signed by a group who have agreed the Flag" Scrap Book Letters offer a together as touching the work of the splendid suggestion for a weekly letter missionary to pray for him, not only to a missionary. The stationery for during the days of the ocean voyage, these letters may be secured in boxes but every day, for his work on the field. containing fifty-two sheets. The first As the Days Go By page is blank for a personal message Satisfactory explanation has never to be written by the sender. The two yet been given of the delay in writing inside pages are prepared for clippings to be pasted in-choice bits of poetry; to missionaries and in answering letters a good joke, happenings in the home from missionaries. Possibly because church, or striking lines from dailies the letter must go so far we feel or magazines enriched by marginal that it should not be written with undue haste, or perchance we want comments from the sender. A Sundayto make sure of full value received for school class would become keenly inthe additional foreign postage. What- terested in gathering clippings for ever the cause the result is that the such a scrap book letter to be sent lapses between communications from every week to a missionary and lastthe home-land grow longer and longer ing ties would be formed between the as the days go by. After seven years young people and the workers at the in Japan a missionary said: missionary front. The churches that are having these letters sent to their "When I was going to Japan the boys from the college and the seminary slapped members in service during the war are me on the back and ~ajd, 'We're not going finding it an excellent plan. Try it in to forget you, old chap. We'll keep the your church and include your missionmail pouches heavy. We'll keep you in aries in the list of those at the front. touch with what is going on in the world so you will not fossilize on the other side.' Personal friends who let the weeks Many friends and relatives at different lengthen into months between letters, may find here first aid to a weekly places there were who promised with a letter. fervent grip of my hand to 'Write often.' In trusting innocence I sailed forth picturing a staggering postman before my door. After Post Cards.-It costs only two cents a time a few straggling letters came in. to send a post card to missionaries. The second month brought a few, the third The spontaneous greeting of cards is sometimes more to be desired than month, fewer. In a year a letter was a very occasional event. In two years most of them had dropped off. After three years the long delayed and carefully studied about the only envelopes that came to my messages we think must be prepared address were those which bore the familiar for such an important communication that must make an ocean voyage.. stamp of the Board of Foreign Missions. Five years passed and I had to struggle against a feeling akin to bitterness as I Missionaries Like a Glimpse of Our realized that I had dropped out entirely of Lives the old life at home. At the end of the A Magazine Club.-A woman startseventh year when my furlough was due I had only one correspondent in the home- ed a missionary magazine club, reland, notwithstanding my eager answers to cently, the purpose of which was not the circulation of missionary magathose who started out so bravely to serve a zines, but the circulation of magazines seven-year term in the prevention of fossilizing."

Scrap Book Letters.*-The many among missionaries. Membership in plans that are suggested for following the club was conditioned on the send- our boys who are fighting our battles ing of a magazine to a missionary.

• A box (}f this Follow tbe Flag stationery Members could have the magazine sent for the Scrap Book Letters may be secured directly from the publishers or they from the Duplex Co., Richmond, Virginia, for could send their own copies as soon 50 cents.

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as they had read them. In this way the would give anything in the world for club manager secured at least one something that would make me relax.

magazine for every missionary in the We live such tense lives. We see and force of her denomination. The N a- hear, and are surrounded by such ter- tional Geographic Magazine was rible things that we get in a state of placed in the reading room of a mis- depression that I can scarcely express.

sion school, and the Youth's Compan- If there is anything to give a man ;J ion and Everyland went to fam,ilies of laugh the missionary is the man above missionary children who welcomed all men who needs it."

them eagerly. *** Form the habit of passing on to She was a quiet, saintly little mis- your missionaries the things you en- sionary who looked as if no worldly joy especially. A Home Base Secre- thought ever entered her mind. Was tary bought Harper's last August on a there a magazine which would be in train. The clever short stories in that her realm? "What magazine would number provided such delightful rec- you prefer?" I asked. "I wish vou reation for her in the midst of the would send me some fashion maga- heavy convention schedule for the zine," she said. "I know that sounds summer that she wondered if they terrible coming from a missionary, but would prove just as relaxing to the we get desperately hungry to know workers on the other side. She what people are doing and wearing in wrapped the magazine and mailed it America. At the summer places we to a missionary friend in Japan. This like to know enough to be able to tell friend read the stories with keenest in what year a woman came out to the enjoyment, and, thinking of what a field by the make of her clothes. Then treat that magazine would be to a mis- when furlough time comes around we sionary in a Korean hospital, she has- can make some things over and get tened to send it on to her. There it near enough to the prevailing modes was passed around to do still further that people do not 'stare at us as if we service. What joy-givers our maga- were "the wild man from Borneo just zines passed on in this way might be- come to town,' when we step out in come! Likewise books. Instead of America. When I try to make clothes adding them to your library, mail to for the children, I just wish I had even some missionary the new books you the fashion sheets the American stores read from time to time. Far better give away."

this than that they should lie on your SPeaking of Clothes.- I was talking library shelves, untouched from one with another missionary about her year housecleaning to another. in America. She had spoken at many The Human Streak in Missionaries conferences, and at all of them her messag-es had made the deepest spirit- He was an especially dignified 'mis- ual impression. Countless young sionary of solemn mien. I wondered women had heard and answered her what magazine we could send him. . call to a more complete consecration Possibly he might take his valuable in service.

time to scan the pages of the I nter- Now she was worn out and needed national Review of Mis{ions. Per- rest.

chance he did not live so far above "What has been the most wearing earth but that he might still be in- thing in your work?" I asked. terested in the events of the passing "Clothes," she whispered, as she days, and the interpretation thereof smiled whimsically. HI hate to bother as recorded in the Literary Digest. with them. 1£ there were only some When I asked him what magazine he one who would see that I always had most wanted, I fairly gasped at his something suitable for my work ready monosyllabic answer,-"Life." Then to wear, that individual would surely he added, "Sometimes I feel that I increase my efficiency. Few people

have any idea of how hard it is to dear child sent me a box of worn riblook presentable when traveling thou- bons. Thinking that I might not propsands of miles on dusty trains, and erly appreciate them, and evidently speaking every day, seven days in a making adequate provision for the week." highest claim possible in the event of their loss in transit, she wrote 'value A missionary on the field, as well as $5.00' on the box. That brief super- scription cost me $2.50. I could have those on furlough, could have much invested that two-fifty to much better valuable time released for service if advantage h~re, and she could have some stay-at-home would be her Dor- sent her package without any duty cas. American mothers who have charges if she had declared it 'worn daughters about the same age as ribbons.' daughters of missionaries might make double outfits and send one to the "Of course we love the thrill of mother at the front. Women who opening packages from home, but this have no daughters might busy their luxury is not for us. Unless the folks needles for the children of the mis- at. home accompany the package with sionary mother, upon whose time the the money for duty it is far .better that women and children of the mission presents of value should be in the form make such heavy demands. One Am- of drafts, or of books and magazines erican mother who has a daughter a which are free from duty." few years older than the daughter of a friend on the mission field, sends all Another tragedy of Christmas on of the dresses her little girl wears one the mission field is that the Christmas season to her friend for the next sea- spirit does not begin to operate in son. She sees that they are in such America early enough. Usually Christgood condition that they are of real mas day arrives at the mission station value, and she gives them with sl1ch long before any Christmas messages or charming graciousness there is no sug- packages arrive. Our missionaries gestion of second-hand clothes in the often spend the day without a single transfer. Another advantage secured greeting from the home land. Then all is that these things may be sent as during January and February, and "worn clothing," and are thus free sometimes even in March the timelv from duty, or subject to a very small wishes that "This Christmas day may. charge. be filled with truest Christmas joy" straggle in. Invest in some, "Do not Christmas Protection.-"Save me!" open until December 25," stickers, and wrote a missionary frantically, "from mail your Christmas greetings to mis-· my Christmas friends. I have cashed sionaries in time to insure their reachin everything available to get enough ing their destination before the dav is duty money to pay on Christmas pack- a date of ancient history. Many IJeOages. I tremble at every coming of pIe think of their missionary friends the post man for fear I am about to on Christmas day, on Easter and on be the recipient of another gift with Thanksgiving day, but few begin to duty due on it. Plead with my friends think early enough for the friends to to pass over next Christmas. Entreat receive an expression of the thought them not to send me any presents- on these and other festival days. unless in some way you can make them understand that money to pay Anent Furloughs the duty should accompany the gift. It sounds pathetic, but we really can- If you want to call forth on the not afford to receive any more pres- countenances of a -group of missionents. Starvation faces us if we do. I aries an inscrutable expression which have had to draw on all my house- no man can fully understand or comkeeping fund to pay duty on presents. prehend the full meaning thereof-just We have to pay at least one-half the speak of furloughs. Of necessity there valuation of each package in duty. One must be much o.f hardship in the mis-

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sionary furlough, but much of joy and tend the building of a college, the plans real benefit could be added, and much for which I had already prepared. I of hardship subtracted if more of the was so weak when I returned to the people. who are not members of Mis- field that an aged missionary who met sion Boards gave thoughtful consider- me said: 'Why, man, you look more ation and help in making effective the like a man who ought to go to America f~rlou~h plans of Boards for their mis- on furlough than one coming from slOnanes. America after a furlough.'

The Committee on Furloughs, ap- "After a short time I had a complete pointed by the Board of Missionary break-down which has debarred me Preparation, reports that' the furloughs from any further service in the field.

of American missionaries represent an- If my furlough had been properly safe- nually 1,429 years of missionary life, guarded I might have served for many and an investment of $572,000 of years to come."

American missionary money. Again, Missionarv Honles-The first home- as in the case of the years of service on coming problem of many missionaries the field, here is an investment large is that they have no home to which to enough to demand the most careful come. Many who looked forward thought of the home church. as well eagerly, during the first years of serv- as of the missionary himself. The fif- ice, to the home-coming, must face a teen months allotted to the average broken circle and a desolated home on furlough must be made to mean as their return, and find no place that is much as possible in serving five ends really home to them. Many Mission as stated by the Committee on Fur- Boards now include in their equipment loughs: (a) Health, (b) Study, (c) furnished homes for missionaries on Spiritual Stimulus, (d) Social Pur- furlough. There is still room for in- poses, (e) Cultivation of the Home dividuals to give homes for this pur- Church. pose, and for summer homes in the Because there is so much to do, and mountains and on the shore and for so little time in which to do it, many winter homes in the south to be put at missionaries are in even more need the disposal of Mission Boards for of a furlough at the end of the fifteen their missionaries on furlough. One months than at the beginning. A great giver spends much thought as gifted missionary who looked forward .well as much money in arranging for to many years of service in the for- really restful vacation periods for worn eign field is now back in America, per- workers.

manently retired from the field on A Reception Without A Receiving medical certificate. This is his ex- Line.-A missionary family was in- planation of the shortening of his term vited to spend a furlough year in a of service and the blighting of his southern city. A house was secured hopes: for them and made ready by the wom- "While I was on furlough I en of the churches. On the dav of their preached twice or three times each arrival the pantry and store r~om were Sunday, and sandwiched addresses to well stocked and a good meal prepared.

Sunday-schools and Christian Endeav- When the train arrived the mission- or Societies in between; delivered ad- ary's tired little wife heaved one long dresses every night except Saturdays, apprehensive sigh. Her four children always at a different place; went to were completely worn out by the long churches in four conferences; had a se- cross-continent journey. She was sure vere attack of grippe which brought they were going to balk at being. dis- me very near death; while still sick played before the reception committee in bed my railroad a'nd steamer tick- and she mildly considered the wisdom ets were secured, and I was impor- of bribing them beforehand to promise tuned to go to the foreign field at the to say the Lord's prayer ill Japanese earliest possible moment to superin- on demand, without protest or com-

plaint. She would gladly have given sionary guests. It is the policy of some all she possessed at that moment to be of the girls' camps to entertain at least able to gather her cross and wearied one missionary as a camp guest, and little brood together at a quiet table, an increasingly large number of farfar from the critical eyes of a waiting seeing individuals are giving missionreception committee, and then to tuck aries such conference privileges as them safely into their own little beds their guests. without display. She braced herself for the ordeal and plead with the chil- A Typical Missionary Experience.- dTen to be good. When the automobile, HIn the midst of a strenuous series of which met them unloaded them at their conferences I received an invitation to own door, they were met by one wom- address a missionary mass meeting in an who gave them a greeting hearty a large city. The opportunity seemed enough to leave no doubt as to whether so great that I rearranged my schedule they were really welcome. so that I could accept that invitation. I made a long, hard journey to do so, "Dinner is all ready," she said, "and but the weariness of travel was all the house is as nearly like we thought gone when I walked to the platform you would want it as we could fix it. and faced that magnificent audience. All the other women would like to With all my heart I thanked the Lord have stayed to meet you but we knew for this chance of presenting the work you and the children would be worn to that great throng. There was a out so we told them to wait until to- little confusion and delay in getting morrow to meet you. I wi1l show you things started, but I had been told that where everything is and then you can I was the only speaker, so I was not have a good quiet evening all to your- especially concerned over the ten minselves." utes we lost at the start. Then a musical program was rendered. I The missionary's sigh of apprehen- looked cautiously but anxiously at my sion changed to one of fervent grati- watch as one number followed another. tude for the quiet peace of that even- At 9 :05 the musical program was coming alone, with such a thoughtfully pleted and I turned my thoughts to prepared reception by a vanished re- the great need of our field and prayed ception committee. for strength to present them with power. Then the chairman introduced Spiritual Stimulus.-All during the the chairman of a local committee who years on the field the missionary has had an announcement to make. That been giving out constantly of inspira- chairman took exactly eleven minutes tion and help. Scant chance has he of precious time with pleasantries prehad for study or for stimulating fel- ceding and following his announcelowship with other workers. Sur- ment. Again I prepared myself to rise, rounded always by the deadening in- just as a violin solo by an especially fluences of heathenism his own faith fine violinist, who chanced to be in has been sorely tired. He feels drained town, followed. With a hurried survey to the very dregs, yet he is expected to of what I could best leave out of the be the enthusiastic, irradiating, center many things I had hoped to say about of every meeting he attends. our mission, I listened to the last ling- ering notes of the violin. But not yet Every furlough should give the mis- was I to speak. sionary some opportunity for study at one of the many schools with courses "The chairman again arose to introplanned especially to meet this need duce the pastor and entrl1sted to him and an opportunity to attend some con- the task of introducing me. How I ferences from which he may get as well longed for every moment of that time as give spiritual stimulus. Individual for my messag-e! The burden of all gifts can make this possible when fur- tbat great waiting throng back there lough salaries are inadequate. A num- at the doors of my mission station in ber of summer conferences include in their plans the entertainment of mis-

BEST METHODS

India was on my heart. The pastor ed at the altars of our churches and spoke about the first beginnings of mis- as we kneel in our homes.' sionary activity, then very gradually led up to the operations of the present We may employ all other best meth- ._ day, and finally to me whom he was to ods for caring for our missionaries and introduce. At 9 :30 I arose to address rendering their work as effective as that great audience most of whom had possible, but powerless and fruitless confidently expected the meeting to ad- they must be unless above them all is journ at nine o'clock." prayer.

Above All Prayer Let those who are searching for the best of all methods pray fat: their mis- Whether on land or on sea, whether sionaries daily and specifically in their at the front or on furlough, the one own closets of prayer; let them band supreme· cry of the missionary to the together with them groups who shall church at home is "Pray for Us." make regular, earnest intercession; let them call special meetings for prayer Pantiita Ramabai voiced the plead- and enlist their churches in the limiting of every missionary when in less work of intercession. answer to the question "What message shall I take for you to the church at "Do you hear them pleading, pleading home? What are your greatest Not for money. comfort, power, needs ?" she said simply, "Tell them to 'pray for us. Prayer will meet all But that you, 0 Christian worker, our needs." Will but set aside an hour A great light shone in the eyes of Wherein they' will be remembered, another missionary as he spoke about Daily at the Throne of Grace, . the things that had put new courage into his work. "The one message that That the work which they are doing stands out above all others received In your life may have a place? while I was on the field was this one which came from one of our con- "Do you see them seeking, seeking ferences: For the gift of priceless worth 'You and your work are remember- That they count of more importance Than all other gifts of earth?

Not the gold from rich men's coffers, Nor relief from any care;- 'Tis a gift that you can give them,- 'Tis the Christian's daily prayer."

The Furloughed Missionary By MARY ELLIOT FITCH TOOKER, in Woman's Work.

Ah! the home land fields are bonny, and the woodlands lush and green, With the white birch and the fir-tree and the elm-they call their queen. I love them all and know not which one I love the best, For I'm at home on furlough and there's home within my breast!

I've longed to see the straight pine on the snowy mountain tops; I've longed to see the canyon, with its red and golden rocks: But what I've wanted most of all was to see my mother's face, And to sit with her at table in myoId accustomed place.

And when I go to God's house and sit among the rest, And sing, "My Country, 'Tis of Thee"-the tides surge in my breast. For there's not a flag beneath the skies so glorious as our own; There's not a country in the world like our dear, sweet home.

Ah, the Chinese streets are dirty, and the Chinese people queer; But after all, they're just like us, and the Master holds them dear. You ask if I am going back to face the guns again? Like soldiers nome on furlough, my only thought is when!

I'm going back to the trenches to get another shot. I fight beside my Captain-if I fall it matters not. So I'm going back to China, and over the seas I'll fare, My home is in the homeland, but my heart's out there.

Women's Foreign Mission

EDITED BY MRS. WILLIAM H. FARMER, MONTCLAIR, N. J.

FEDERATION OF WOMAN'S BOARDS OF FOREIGN MISSIONS OF NORTH AMERICA President-Mrs. H. R. Steele, 810 Broadway, Nashville, Tenn. Vice-President-Miss Alice M. Davison, 574 Madison Avenue, New' York, N. Y.

Secretary-Mrs. Fennell P. Turner, 75 Midland Avenue, Montclair, N. J.

Treasurer-Mrs. De Witt Knox, 216 West Fifty-sixth Street, New York, N. Y.

COMMITTEES Methods of' Work-Mrs. E. C. Cronk, Richmond, Va. Summer Schools and Conferences-Mrs. Mary Clokey Porter, 2828 Perrysville Avenue, N. S., Pittsburgh, Pa. Student Work-Mrs. Frank Gaylord Cook, 14 Beacon Street, Boston, Mass. Publications and Literature-Mrs. Henry W. Peabody, Beverly, Mass. Christian Literature for Women and Children in Mission Fields-Miss Alice M. Kyle, Congregational House, Boston,' Mass. Interdenominational Institutions on the Foreign Field-Mrs. William Fraser McDowell, 1509 Sixteenth Street, N. W., Washington, D. C. Field Representative-Mrs. Paul Raymond, 1370 Sacramento Street, San Francisco, Cal.

IN THE EDITOR'S MESSAGE and spoke informally anq tenderly' of these days when "missionary wom- "The Cost and the Reward of Being a en" are longing for more brown hair and new life in the monthly pro- Foreign Missionary"; Dr. J. C. R. gram meetings, and when all the Boards are longing for recruits for Ewing presented India and Educaforeign service, it is refreshing to attend such a conference as was held tional Work; Dr. W. J. Wanless treat- April 19, 20 and 21, in Montclair, N. }., under the auspices of the Volun- ed Medical Work; Dr. Robert P. teer Union of Greater New York. This Wilder, Evangelistic Work; Rev. S. was the second annual missionary Ralph Harlow, The Near East and gathering for the Christian students of Industrial Work. Latin America was New York to show them the signifi- illuminated by Mr. Chas. D. Hurrey, cance of the opportunity now facing Africa by Dr. H. K. W. Kumm. The conference opened Friday evening Christian missions and the importance with an address by Mrs. William Far- . of missions in the solution of our pres- mer on "Fundamental Factors in Life ent world problem. Work Decision," and closed on Sun- . The delegates numbered 120, and day evening with a stirring message brought an inspiring supply of youth- from Dr. Ewing on the "Immediacy of ful enthusiasm and earnest purpose. the Call to Mission Service." Vassar and Teachers' College had the largest delegations (30 and 32 respect- The most unique session was Satively)" and the other students were urday evening when three Oriental from Barnard, Columbia, Cornell Med- Christian students of marked ability ical College, Hunter, College of Physi- discussed the theme: "What Foreign cians and Surgeons, Union Theologi- Missions Mean to My Country." cal Seminary, Methodist Training School, and Bible Teachers' Training CONVENTIONS FOR WOMEN School. By Mrs. Paul Raymond, San' Francisco. The program was full of famous names and great topics. Dr. Harlan P. CONVENTIONS for women, Beach preached on the meaning of paralleling the familiar type of missions in international relationships, three-day conventions for men, suc- cessfully standardized by the Lay- men's Missionary Movement, were made a tentative experiment in a few cities during the National Campaign of the Movement two years ago, and this year a deliberate part of its field was organized, or the existing one program on the Pacific Coast. strengthened and a uniform policy suggested, involving a united, syste- Ten of the smaller cities in Cali- matic membership campaign in womfornia, where the Movement had en's societies and a program of educanever before held conventions, but tion and effort in prayer and in the from which it was possible because of their location to touch practically the stewardship of .life and possessions.. life of the whole state, were chosen as centers for the fall campaign. In the series just concluded in Washington and Oregon, the principal centers of the Northwest have been similarly reached.

In California alone, nearly nine thousand regular delegates paid the registration fee, over five thousand of these being women, while several thousand more attended one or more sessions. The interest was intense and sustained, the practical character of the meetings noteworthy and their spiritual power inspiring.· In addition to the official team of men who divided their time and interest equally between. the meetings for men and women, a group of representatives of the various Vomen's Boards, both home and foreign, gave counsel and direction in the discussions of women's work.

In both men's and women's conven- tions, a plan of conservation and ex- MRS. PAUL RAYMOND tension was adopted, which, under the joint. guidance of the Pacific Coast NEW YEAR IN CHINA Committees of the Laymen's Mission- ary Movement and the Missionary [These extracts from 0 recent letter of . Education Movement and of the rep- Mrs. Stewart of Nanking describe a most interesting work for the wives of Chinese resentatives of women's work, aims officials. Some of you enjoyed knowing Mrs. Stewart (0 sister of Mrs. John R. to provide normal training in mission Mott, of Dr. W. W. White, and of Dr. !. study for men, women and young peo- Campbell White) at the Northfield and pie; followed by a mission study drive Wilson College Conferences last summer.

in all the churches of the community, -EDITOR.] for the promotion of missions in A CCORDING to the Chinese the Sunday-school, for the training' calendar, New Year comes this of canvassers for a thorough and uni- year on February 11th. This is the fied financial campaign in the whole busiest and the gayest time of the church and for a series of meetings year. Schools close for their long vaconducted by the Convention Commit- cation, all business is suspended, debts tees carrying. the spirit and program are paid, houses are cleaned, feasts of the conventions, with their plans are given, friends exchange calls, for united advance, into the leading parents are reverenced, ancestors centers of the convention territory. worshipped, the old kitchen gods are In all the convention cities, a feder- burned and new ones put up in their ation of women's missionary societies places. But best of all it is giving us

a breathing space, for while we may General for Defense in Nanking. have more going on in our home, we This Tai Tai is an exceptional one, for will have a rest from teaching. she neither plays cards nor gambles, and has plenty of time on her hands. It is four and a half months since She is most cordial and gracious and we landed in Nanking. During that seems to enjoy having us call. She is time the aggregate attendance in my the key to the situation among her Bible classes has been 1,060. I have class of ladies. also taught English classes at the Y. M. C. A. two afternoons a week. At At our last meeting one of the Tai the same time our home has been a Tais askedamissionary why it was that factor, which you will readily believe the American woman was so much when I tell you that in this time we more capable than the Chinese womhave had 115 guests to meals, and had an. The missionary seized the oppor- 267 in for tea in the afternoon. Vie tunity and told her that the American feel that our home is one of our big woman and the Chinese woman are assets, and I am sure it has been a exactly alike, that the only advantage help to some who were weary and the former has over the latter lies in needed rest; some who were in the the fact that she has the Gospel of dark groping for light, and some who Jesus Christ. This meeting was held were discouraged and needed to be the Friday before Christmas, and we cheered up…. were anxious to have the Christmas story in picture. We hunted Nanking I am planning to do less teaching over, and only after dark the night during the coming months,in order to before did we find that one friend had do some constructive work among the a lantern we could borrow, and an- Tai Tais of the city. A Tai Tai is the other had slides on the life of Christ wife of an official. The officials are that we borrowed. It was the first very mucJ:t interested in the Y. M. C. time some of them had ever heard the A., and have asked Mr. Stewart re- story, and it was an added pleasure to peatedly if something could not be us to have them hear it in our home. done for their wives. They are really Only a few days ago I met a young the neglected class. A few of us have man from the Naval College who was been caIling in their homes, and invit- converted by seeing these same picing them to ours, and we have been tures. We find it a most effective way sarprised and delighted with their re- to present the Gospel. sponse. We always invite some Christian Chinese women to come when SUMMER SCHOOLS OF MISSIONS· they do, and at one of the meetings one of the Tai Tais invited one of "TO THE FORE" AGAIN them to teach her music, and she has been going to her home once or twice The Universal Motto :-For Christ a week ever since. She very tactfully and the W orId. introduced the subject of Christianity, and found the Tai Tai's mind a blank The Universal Aim for 1918:-Best with regard to the matter. But in- Programs, Best Text-books, Best Instead of meeting opposition, she was structors, Best Methods, Best Commet with an interest and an eagerness panionships, Best Recreation. to hear. She next presented her with a Bible, and each time she goes now Best Vacation:-To last all the year she finds the Tai Tai reading it. Later in its influence. she presented the husband with a Bible, and the Tai Tai was very The Pre-view:-It indicates a great pleased and said that they both want- season for "Study Classes," "Coned to read the Bible at once, and it ferences," "Search Lights," "X-Ray was not convenient to have only one Clinics," "Pageants," "Poster Concopy. The husband, by the way, is tests," "Flash Lights from the Bible," "Travelogues," "Curio Exhibits," "Stereopticon Pictures," "Literature Stimulants" and "Recreation" hikes, WOMAN'S HOME MISSION BULLETIN 1918] athIetic sports, tennis, croquet, boat- and it is wise to purchase them early ing, swimming, etc., etc. and read them at once.

Practical Hints :-Study the dates of Miss Burton has given us a 'carefully Summer Schools of Missions: Select prepared, valuable and readable mes- one or more that best suit your vaca- sage. Her travels and research bring tion plans. Heavily underscore the us face to face with the industrial prob- same on your library "Wall Calen- lem as it affects onr Oriental sister.

dar." Call the attention of your spe- With her we shall visit China, India, cial friends to your plan, and inspire Japan and Moslem lands. Following them to accompany you. 'her excellent outlines, and suggestive Query:-Was there ever a year in questions we can plan most interesting your life that you needed this helpful program meetings.

diversion more than the present one? "The best vacation is one which has INTERNATIONAL FRIENDSHIP a definite purpose, and which sends one THE World Alliance' for promoting back to the work of the year with international friendship through broadened vision and renewed vigor." the churches is carrying on a valuable Wanted-Notices of Summer Schools of campaign of education as to the moral aims of the war, and the responsibility Missions and Conferences, with places, of Christians everywhere to provide dates, names of leaders and instructors, an antidote for pernicious doctrines.. samples of programs, advertising bulletins, etc., and reports of same at close of the Schools sent promptly to Mrs. Mary Clokey . Internationalism – the Christian Porter, 2828 Perrysville Avenue, North Church contains many members of all denominations who scarcely know how Side, Pittsburgh, Pa., chairman of Summer to spell the word. There is a vague School Committee of Federation of Women's Boards of Missions.

Mission Summer Schools and Con- suspicion that our relations with for- ferences–for 1918 eign nations are not entirely Christian, but only the inner circle of those in- [The following dates should be ad- terested in the tremendously imporded to the list published in the May tant foreig-n mission enterprises know REVIEW.] how much need there is of discussion Chambersburg, Pa., June 27-July 3. of topics pertaining to international Northfield, Mass., July 9-17. friendship.

Montreat, N. C., July 14-21. Nationalism has been the ruin of Princeton, N. J., July 20-28. Germany; unrighteous attempts at Tarkio, Mo., July 26-Aug. 4. democracy have made chaos in Rus- Lakeside, 0., July 25-28. sia; and Dr. R. A. Cram makes us New Wilmington, Pa., Aug. 9-18.

Sterling, Kans., Aug. 16-25. dread the possibility of "a victory in Xenia, 0., Aug. 10-18. the field for the allies that is followed Monmouth, III., July 19-28. by no attainment of a new vision." Wooster, 0., July 27-Aug. 3. (Mrs.) Mary Clokey Porter, Chairman, Face the facts presented in Doctor Summer School Committee of Fed- Gulick's stirring, prophet-like address eration of Women's Foreign Mission at Garden City Conference. You can read it in the April copy of the MIS- Boards.

OUR NEW STUDY BOOKS SIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD. Go IN THE Central Committee report to the summer schools of foreign mis- (page 298, April REVIEW) the gen- sions at Northfield or Chambersburg eral topic for the year, "The Message and enter a discussion class on this of Christianity to an Industrial Age," topic. Arouse your church to join the and the books, "Women Workers of World Alliance and to become a vital the Orient," by Miss Margaret E. Bur- factor in the Christianization of our ton, and "Jack and Janet in the Philip- international treaties. And adrvocate pines," by Mrs. Norma Waterbury world missions and 'Xorld friendship Thomas, are mentioned. These books as most powerful influences in the re- will be studied at the Summer Schools, construction' of our new era.

News Of War

MANY CHURCH ARMY HUTS LOST the battle-swept areas. This one socie- THE Church Army's place as a hut ty alone has distributed more than 7,- provider in the very closest proxim- 000,000 Scriptures among those in- volved in the great struggle, and the ity to the front trenches has been prov- Bible House still remains open at Bered by the loss of fifty-two of its recrea- lin, Vienna, Budapest, and even Contion huts, tents and centers in the German advance, and the almost certain stantinople. loss of five others, under heavy shell- Men face to face with death are ing at the time of information. This loss includes all the stores and equip- searching the Scriptures for realities ment. The staffs of these huts and as never before. Between 800,000 and tents are safe so far as is known, with 900,000 Jews are among the fighting the exception of those who stayed be- forces-two-thirds of these being with hind to help the stretcher-bearers. the Allies, and thousands of these men, free from the restricting influences of the synagogue and ghetto, are tead- WHAT THE SOLDIERS READ ing the New Testament for the first THE quality of the reading distribu- time. DR. MOTT IN ITALY ted at the army camps in America THE Young Men's Christian Asso- .ciation has recently established huts is indicated by the· report made by Robert E. Speer, of the literature com": and welfare work in the Italian camps and battle line. To investigate and mittee of the War Work Council of promote this work, Dr. John R. Mott the Young Men's Christian Associa- and Dr. Charles R. Watson have been visiting the Italian front. King Viction. Prior to January 11 there were tor Emmanuel received Dr. Mott at distributed free more than 265,000 his headquarters and. the Duke of New Testaments; 39,S76 Who Is Jesus Aosta. entertained the American party at headquarters. Christ? by Charles R. Brown; 56,216 'The meetings gave Dr. Mott an op- Beloved Captain, by Hankey; 32,472 Character of Jesus, by Bushnell; 44,- portunity to explain·American co-oper- 4S0 Christian Witness in War, by Bos- ation- in the Italian Case del Soldato, worth; 40;428 How to Know the Will which corresponds to the "huts" in the of God, by Drummond; 42,207 Second British and American armies in· Mile, by Fosdick; 39,208 Fight for Character, by King; 9,403 For France France. The work has been proceedand the Faith, by Casalis; 29,746 Prac- ing favorably under the direction of tice of the Presence of God, by Lawrence. Five hundred sets of the books recommended by the Young Men's John S. Nollen, President of Lake Christian Association committee were Forest University, with a staff of thir- distributed, 300 sets in the camps here ty Americans, which soon will be in- and 100 sets abroad. creased to 200.

Thousands of footballs and other BIBLE VERSIONS FOR THE WAR American games have been purchased DR. J. H. RITSON, of the British for the soldiers. The Y. M. C. A. has and Foreign Bible Society, states also established libraries, invested in that the actual combatants and labor musical instruments, and is directing battalions on the field of war speak physical training on a large scale. An- at least seventy-two languages. The other important branch is the establish- Society was ready with versions of the ment of courses in hospitals and con- Scriptures in all these tongues. It is valescent homes for instruction in cor- a remarkable fact that no Government, rective gymnastics.

friendly or hostile, has deliberately put Tools and implements are being sup- hindrances in the way of replenishing plied for the training of wounded sol- and maintaining stocks of Scriptures diers in woodworking and other useful for the sailors, soldiers or civilians in manual trades. VSOLDIERS TEACH BIBLE CLASSES ing room to all women who are doing ISITORS to every army camp tes- war work. Among the guests of the tify to the efficiency of the Y. M. house are canteen workers, office em- C. A. in organizing Bible classes ployees and nurses.

M among soldiers. "I recently had the A Y. M. C. A. PARTY TORPEDOED pleasure," writes John Talmadge Ber- R. ARTHUR E. HUNGERgen in The Continent, "of spending FORD, and a party of fiftysome days at Camp Lewis, where N. F. Coleman is in charge of the re- seven Army Y. M. C. A. workers were _.on the British India Navigation Comligious work. pany's steamship, Orissa, when it was The usual method is to address the torpedoed on April 28. All the pasmen as soon as the evening meal is sengers and all except three of the finished. The Bible study plan is pre- crew were saved. Destroyers which sented and opportunity taken to secure were sent to the rescue picked them the signatures of men who care to up within half 'an hour and landed join the classes. They are told that them at a British port after a five the final object of the drive is to bring hours' trip. Upon their arrival in Lonthem to a saving knowledge of Jesus don they were taken in charge by the Christ. Men from all walks of civil life American Y. M. C. A. and the Red and of a great diversity of education . Cross. Although the vessel sank in . and social position at home unite in twelve minutes. after being struck, these classes. there was no panic, and the men were able to get off the ship in an orderly There are 8,000 lined up in the manner. Bible study drive at Camp Lewis and ready for class organization. Eighty The Orissa left an Atlantic port on classes are already ip operation from a April 12, with about two hundred and previous effort, fifty persons on board.

In the 362nd Infantry there are . twelve classes in active Bible study. MANY MORE CHAPLAINS Eight teachers, all from the ranks, THE new legislation, recently have charge of these classes. passed by Congress, at the request THE WOMEN AT THE FRONT of General Pershing, increases the ratio of chaplains in the Army to one "AMERICAN Hostess House"- for every 1,200 officers and men. The the second house in France to law which this bill amends had pro- bear this sign, is now in operation at vided for one chaplain to every regi- Tours. The first was the Hotel Pet- ment, but in May, 1917, the number rograd in Paris. of men in an infantry regiment was With the opening of the house at increased from 1,200 to 3,600. Tours, work is being carried on by the At the beginning of the war there War Work Council of the Y. W. C. A. in five cities in France-Paris, Tours, were sixty-seven chaplains in the St. Etienne, Bourges, and Lyons. Be- Army. At the present time there are sides these, Y. W. C. A. secretaries are 666, of whom 199 are Roman Catholic in charge of the social rooms for chaplains, 457 are Protestants and ten nurses in the Red Cross huts at Ameri- are of other groups. The new law can base hospitals. will permit the appointment of an ad- ditional 800. Here is the opportunity of the Church. If the Church will Regarding the opening of the Host- give them the backing they need in ess House at Tours, Miss Mabel C. personal interest, moral and spiritual Little writes: "All our rooms are tak- support, and additional equipment, the en and we could fill several more ministry of the Church to the young houses of the same size with Ameri- men of the Army will be of incalcula- can women. We have opened the din- ble result.

fROM l1fANY 1ANJD)S

SIAM AND MALAYSIA Laos Ready to Listen Opium in Siam THE people of Northern Siam are T HERE is an increasing need for expectinga Saviour to come to them anti-opium legislation in Siam-as and are therefore all the more ready to listen to the missionary message. is remarked by a Siamese writer in When Dr. Claude W. Mason went the White Elephant: . on an exploring expedition to find a During the year 1916-17 the value site for a residence at the new station of Chieng Rung, he pitched his tent of opium imported into Bangkok was under a tree, reported by the natives Ticals 2,772,024-(a Tical is equiva- to be the abode of an evil spirit. The lent to 37 cents). The following letter concerning the opium traffic, written fad that the spirit did not hurt the white man helped to dispel the' fear by a Chinese, appeared a short time ago in the Bangkok Times: "Sir:-In your leader of the 11th which the people had of him. Dr. Mason says.: inst. you stated that after the war the "We were especially guided here at opium question will be tackled. I need not refer at any length to the injury the Governor's birthday, when princes done by opium to the unfortunate Chinese, who are the principal consumers from all over the provinces have come all the world over. I and many others in to celebrate. Consequently we have will be very pleased and thankful to reached people from every district of the local Government if females are our new field. Many have called at the not allowed on the smoking premises, tent to see the wonderful sight of a either as 'maids' or perhaps as em- white man who can talk their lan- guage."

bellishments to the already brilliant MAgainst the Law in Borneo dens well illuminated with the numer- ANY a worker on the mission ous tiny opium lamps. In Singapore, field has had to remember the the British Government is doing its injunction to be "wise as serpents." utmost to close down shops that break Such a one was a certain Methodist the law. missionary who had been engaged to teach English in a Chinese school in "I hope the Siamese Government Borneo. His contract forbade his readwill fram~ a law for the earlier clos- ing the Bible in the classroom. More ing of the shops and forbidding of than that, he was told he could hold no girls on the premises, as a preliminary relig-ious services outside of school. to the abolition of opium smoking after the war." "What do you consider a religious APicturesque Definitions service?" he asked a high government officia1.

CERTAIN Siamese teacher is re- "Standing up in a house or under membered by a former mission- any roof with an audience of ten or ary chiefly because of his unique defi- more people," he was told.

nitions of English words. Some of "Thank you," he said and departed.

these are the following: That night he held a meeting. He Kick-A verb of the foot. gathered his band about him. Then he Hop-A verb of the frog. sat down on the floor.

Liar-A bad adjective for boy. For eighteen months he conducted Flattery-A good kind of curse services in this fashion, seated always word. on the floor with the Bible in his lap.

Wig-Hypocrite hair. At the end of that time, the g-overn- Bullet-Son of a gun. ment relented. Missionaries now stand Whiskey-Sin water. up and preach anywhere. Interest Among Javanese Moslems time to Red Cross work; hundreds AMONG the Moslems in Java there have started and maintained sewing is reported to be an increased in- meetings for medical or war purterest in the Gospel. A missionary in the town of Solo writes: poses. Missionaries have lectured on "Everywhere we find open doors. war themes in most of the principal Last year we baptized 65 adults and children. This year the number up till languages of the country; they have now is 48. We have Communion services four times a year, and baptisms as provided entertainments for the a rule just before. That means that there will be two more occasions for wounded; they have shown hospitalbaptism of adults this year. ity to soldiers from all lands. The "The trouble now is, that the cost of our station, because of its success, is Indian Sunday School Union has rapidly increasing. Also, as there is an increasing need of Dutch schools raised Rs 25,000 for the Belgian Chilfor the Javanese, we are opening as quickly as possible a number of dren's Relief Fund. Besides the help schools here, some for boarders, as the missionary influence in a boarding given in these and other ways there school is so much more effective. have been the magnificent efforts of "Mohammedan propaganda is increasing here. Two Moslems from the Y. M. C. A. in its war work de- British India came to us recently for a Malay-English New Testament, as partment." ' they wanted to learn the Malay language. They were acquainted with Bi- Theosophists' Idols ble stories, and told me that they did not consider the people here Moham- WHEN Kenneth]. Saunders of the medans." Y. M. C. A. of India visited the INDIA, BURMA AND CEYLON headttuarters of the Theosophical So- ciety in India at Adyar, he found there Indian Missions in the War a beautiful shady room in which the central object is a shrine containing "THE help which Indian missions colossal marble figures of Madame has given to the Allies is greater Blavatsky and Colonel Olcott, the lat- ter in an American frock coat. He than is commonly supposed," says the says: "These people are the central' C. M. S. Review. "Hundreds of In- objects of worship; before them is a dian Christians have joined the labor vast copper vessel upon which the sacorps, and ten or fifteen missionaries cred lotus floats, and above them burns are "', [h them as' supervisors or assis- a dim lamp. Round about them are tant commandants. Much of the re- the lesser figures of the world's other cruiting of Indian Christian labor has prophets-Confucius, Gautama, Mobeen through mission agency. Many hammed and Christ. Above them is a Indian Christians, chiefly from the frieze in which the Cross, the Crescent Punjab, have enlisted in the army. No and the lingam stand side by side and fewer than a hundred missionaries are over the doorway is the motto, 'There engaged on active service as soldiers, is no religion higher than truth.' " chaplains, doctors, or nurses. and many other doctors and nurses have ABoy Scouts for India offered themselves to the Government MERICAN boys are not the only for local service, thus enabling others ones benefited by membership to go to the front. Missionary insti- in the Boy Scouts. The boys of India tutions have aided war funds liberal- need physical and moral discipline and ly. Women missionaries have given development such as Scout work brings.

Plans are under way to introduce the Scout Movement into India. The Marathi Mission of the American Board has taken the lead in the Bom- bay Presidency by the appointment of a council which will endeavor to do within its area what the National Council of the Boy Scouts of America

does in this country. The Council of leges, and the lower house of 401 the Mission is proposing to organize a members, one for every million of training sLhool for Indian scout mas- population. The Peking Daily News ters. The Y. M. C. A. of India, which says: is also awake to the value of this or- "The adoption of the revised provis- ganization to the boys, is in cordial ional constitution and the issue of co-operation with the Mission, and presidential mandates fixing the dates indeed has offered to one of its mis- for the elections to the two houses of sionaries, Mr. L. Henry Gates, the parliament clearly indicate that with- position of organizer of Boy Scouts in a very short time the country will for the Bombay Presidency.-The have a new legislature. Not only will Congregationalist. it be new in membership, but it will Self-Support or God's Support? be only a little more than half that of the unwieldy body twice sent about THE INDIAN WITNESS quotes, its business, and the basis of the fran- as "worthy of trial anywhere," the chise on which it is to be elected will be experience of Rev. George N. Thoms- slightly different. The old bodies un- . doubtedly w~re too large for the effectsen, who says: "After forty-five years of experience ive transaction of business, and the re- in India, I hate that expression 'Self- sult was that they actually transacted support.' It makes people self-ish. I an irreducible minimum of business.

have a church of 700 members. From The late parliament was too radica.l to the very beginning we chose the 50th be a safe body. The new body will not Psalm, with emphasis on sacrifice and have quite the same powers in the praise. I have learned that the way to drafting of the constitution as the old get money is by thank-offerings. Every body had, and this is a gain. It is al- Sunday after the usual collection we most without precedent for the legis- give an opportunity for thank-offer- lature to be entrusted with the draft- ings.. It is pathetic to see the people ing of the constitution."

bring their thank-offerings and hear Earthquake Damage at Swatow T them tell why they are thankful. HE disastrous earthquake,. whi~h "We have also a criminal settlement.

Those people come every Sunday and occurred at Swatow, Chma, m one will lay down his thank-offering March, involved a property loss to the and say, '0 Lord, we have been free American Baptist Foreign Mission So- and every policeman could catch us. ciety amounting to about $60,000. Of Now we are safe here, and we thank this amount, approximately $27,000 is Thee for it: and leave his gift. needed to replace three mission resi- "Since 1899, in our last station, we dences which have apparently been to- have had no preacher or teacher who tally destroyed. The missionaries rec- has received a salary from the Mis- ommend, upon advice of an arcHtect, sion. How has it all been accomplish- that these ought to be constructed of ed? We have laid the emphasis on reenforced concrete in order to pro- God's support, not self-support. That vide additional security.

is faith." Here is an unforeseen emergency in CHINA the work, a critical need for which no The New Parliament provision has been made in the cur- rent budget.

CHINA'S new parliament, to be convened June 10, will consist of Foochow College Stirred S two houses, the upper house to be EEKING to prepare the way for Sherwood Eddy's campaign in composed of 168 members, 30 of whom are to be elected by the differ- China, a number of American ent national organizations and the oth- preachers and educators visited vari- er 138 by the provincial electoral col- ous cities, holding meetings which

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have been productive of encouraging nese teacher, twelve workmen, and results. President Beard, of Foochow over 150 Christians who pledged them- College, tells of the visit there of Pro- selves to more earnest service.

fessor Buchman, of Hartford Theolog- As a result, every student in the ical Seminary and his two compan- College, above freshman year, is a ions. He says: "There was no large Christian. Many of them have al- meeting. All the work was of a quiet, ready suffered persecution and others personal nature. But it was' deep and are ready to "endure hardness as good searching and it brought men bce to soldiers of Jesus Christ." The con- face with themselves and: with Jesus. verts are joining various churches, There have been many confessions by personal work is being continued, and: both teachers and students. Conver- the Christians are being enlisted for sions followed. In the graduating various fonus of service. This has class nine men, who had not joined been a great year for Canton Chris- the church, all asked admission to tian College.

A the church on the first Sunday in J an-Morphine Trade Stopped uary. The Sunday previous they each spoke in the Christian Endeavor meet- TTENTION has been called in ings and told why they had decided to the REVIEW to the way in which confess Christ pUblicly. both opium and morphine were being "In the classrooms there have been shipped into China through Japan.

many confessions, and many hard Now it is reported that the British feelings have been put aside. In one Government has taken steps to prevent classroom, instead of the regular reci- the introduction of morphine into Chi- tation, there was confession of wrong na by re-export from Japan. The di- done. That resulted in one of the stu- rector of the War Trade Department dents, who for three years had refused gives notice that applications for li- to believe in God, saying: 'I am con- censes to export morphia or cocaine vinced that Christianity is true. I am from Great Britain to Japan cannot be going to be a Christian.' His manner considered unless they are accompan- and his happy face showed that peace ied by certificates obtained from the had come to him when I met him a few Japanese Home Office or from the Jap- days after." anese authorities of the Kwangtung Sherwood Eddy at Canton leased territories, that the morphia or cocaine is for actual consumption in I N February Dr. George Sherwood Japan or in Dairen and its vicinity, Edd) again visited Canton and and is for medical purposes only.

held special services in the College In Spite of Brigands with remarkable results. Preparation was made during several months, and THE Kochau field of the South included a visit from Mr. Buchman, China Mission of the Presbyterian and prayer meetings by faculty and Church has seen a year of unrest, ow- students. A spirit of expectancy was ing to organized brigandage which aroused, and when Dr. Eddy came on has been rampant. Business in many February 27th, the students were places has been reduced to small local ready. By means of large charts the dealings as the transportation of speaker showed China as it is and as goods is unsafe. Traveling is done it may be, impressing the need of only in small companies or with a Christian ideals, and the power of guard.

Christ in the life. When he appealed The direct effect of this on mission for a decision on the qU,estion, "What work has been great difficulty of trav- shall I do with Jesus," 250 in the audi- el for both the missionary and the Chi- ence arose to express their decision or nese Christians. "We ourselves,"

reconsecration. This number included writes Rev. Charles H. Patton, "have 88 boys and five girl students, a Chi- been unhindered, though at times

seemingly in peril. For our members Robbers Being Refonned and inquirers it has been much more L INCHOW, CHINA, is richer by difficult. They dare not leave their having six hundred fewer robbers homes unguarded and any travel is to report. At the invitation of the properilous. In spite of it alI, however, vincial government they came from all one group at its own initiative held a over the province to begin life anew. week of special meetings, three ses- Some of them could not resist the sions daily, for Bible study and work temptation of one last fling when the conferences. One other group hearing opportunity presented itself, and as a of this has asked for workers to come result several scores of people are the and assist them in a similar week. poorer. They have been given a free Three groups are also raising funds pardon and those bearing guns were for the purchase of buildings for enlisted as soldiers. This plan of parchapels. Another celebrated the com- don was tried before in the early days pletion of remodeling its ,chapel by of the republic, but the pull of the old three days of meetings which were wild life proved too strong, and the robbers went off on little adventures, crowded and attended by alI the local until, when the government put out a gentry and officials. The work cost the restraining hand, they rose in insurrec- Mission nothing save indirect assist- tion. In consequence the whole counance."

tryside suffered from three years of The Insane in North China terror, nevertheless the government is "THE need of an institution for the willing to give them another trial at a insane in North China can less adventurous life. There are more than a' dozen ex-robbers in the Linscarcely be overestimated," says Dr. chow church now, and at the invita- James H. Ingram, of the North China tion of the local magistrate preaching Union Medical College in Peking. "At has begun in the Linchow prison.- present the insane are cared for by The Continent. their families. No allowance is made for the diseased condition of the mind. JAPAN-CHOSEN They are regarded as accountable for A Meeting of One Plus their actions, and are jeered at, scolded, tied up, starved and tortured. AJAPANESE Christian, of whom a According to modern theories of the certain missionary tells, probably treatment of this class of patients, never heard the expression, "One and such treatment only increases the mal- God are a majority," but he had some ady and hastens mental deterioration. ideas of his own when it came to I knew of one man who was violently making out a report of the work which insane. His mother hired ruffians to has been begun in his village. The break a leg and an arm of her son, in missionary, after a tour in the counorder that he might not be able to ter- try, writes of this village, Mivato: rorize the neighborhood. The poor "From October 11th, when the wretch's sufferings were so great that Branch was organized, until the end he managed to commit suicide. of the year, they held nine meetings, "The only institution in China run with an average attendance of four.

on modern principles for the care of I must tell you of the first meeting.

the insane is in Canton. This institu- We had organized on a week day, and tion is overcrowded and is 1,500 miles the members had promised faithfully distant from Peking. The place in to rpeet every Sunday, but it seems Peking sometimes calIed an asylum for that, with one exception, they had not the insane is nothing more nor less got it clearly in their heads that they than a prison where the insane are were to begin the very next Sunday.

confined, and put in chains when nec- At the appointed time the young man essary."-Missionary Herald. referred to, whose name is Kira Hat-

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sumi, went to the place of meeting, but gratitude." So says Baron Yun Chi no one else came. He was intensely Ho, the distinguished Korean Chrisinterested in the success of this work, tian. He goes on to give his ideas of and it evidently cost him a struggle to the sort of education which Korean reconcile himself to this disappoint- girls need; ment, but he did not forget the rule that there must be a prompt report of "The Korean girls who are being every meeting. He sent one in, and educated in mission schools are to live it contained this item: 'Members pres- and work in Korean homes, many of ent: The Father, the Son, the Holy them in poor homes. So to educate Ghost, Kira Hatsumi, and the Devi1.' " them as to make them unsuitable to a Korean home would be a great mis- Y. M. C. A. in Japan and Korea take. For instance, to prepare food and to make dresses have been the ex- THE Tokyo Y. M. C. A. has been clusive province of the Korean woman. pioneering in the industrial field The inability or unwillingness of a newly educated girl to take up these under the leadership of Secretary duties does more than anyone thing to Merle Davis and his colleague Ara- prejudice the Koreans against female kawa (who studied sociology in New edu{:ation. It is my firm belief that it York University). So convincingly is more useful for a Korean girl to have they set forth the need of Chris- learn to cook and sew well than to tian work in this neglected third of play on a piano. By all means emphathe capital that two missionary socie- size domestic science in the curricuties have already decided to open work lum Cultivate the taste for flowers among them, and the Association di- and pictures, rather than waste time rectors and a group of Christian manu- in dabbling in astronomy and botany" facturers have shown remarkable keenness of desire for Association ex- Drafting Pastors for Missionary Work tension work among these artisans. T HE foreign missionary work con- For years the Seoul Korean Asso- ducted by the Korean Church in ciation has been unique in its indus- Shantung, China, was recently in trial department and its crowded relig- great need of workers. The matter was ious meetings gnder the leadership of presented to the Korean General Asthat young-hearted veteran, Yi Sang sembly, and the foreign mission board Jey. The Hon. Yun Chi Ho, as gen- searched and prayed for the men to eral secretary, has· effected long-de- recommend to the Assembly. They sired reforms. Even if he were not of might have called for volunteers, but noble lineage, he would deserve to be the Korean Church drafts its missioncalled a prince of a secretary. The ooys' aries. Every drafted man has gone division, founded only a year ago, thus far. leaped at once to a membership of 550, which it has maintained. A Korean The hoard finally came in before the secretary, oorn to work with boys, has Assembly with the name of the pastor carried the details of the work. Gvm- of the First Church in Taiku City, Rev. nasium classes enrolled 800 and had a S. H. Hong. They chose one of the weekly· attendance of over 1,400, big, well-known men-a man the whole among them Japanese and missionar- church of Korea would trust and love. ies, as well as Koreans of all ages from twelve to fifty.-Foreign Mail. Liked within and without the church drc1es, gradually he has grown in in- What Korean Girls Need fluence and authority in the Korean General Assembly, in which he has "I F the Christian missionaries had held important offices year after year. accomplished nothing else in Korea, the introduction of female edu- In Taiku, consternation reigned for cation alone deserves our lasting a time but all gave in happily at the last. Presbytery and the session of

First Church gave their consent, and December 31, 1916, the total church Pastor Hong soon started on his way membership in the United States in- as a missionary to China. creased twenty per cent, from 35,068,- 058 to 42,044,374; the number of Lepers Much at Peace churches 7.4 per cent, from 212,230 to WHEN W. M. Danner, American 228,007 ; the number of ministers, 16.3 per cent, from 164,830 to 191,722; the se~r.etary of the Mission to Lep- number of Sunday-school scholars, 34.1 per cent, from 15,337,811 to 20,- ers, vIsited the Leper Asylum at 569,831; the number of Sunday-school Kwangju, Korea, he saw 200 lepers, officers and teachers, 17.4 per cent, from 1,746,074 to 2,049,293. These all well clothed, clean and looking hap- facts are reported by the Census Bu- reau's recent inquiry relating to reIigpy and contented. At a service held i~u.s bodies, compiled under the super- VISIOn of Mr. William C. Hunt chief during his stay, seventeen outcast beg- statistician for population. '

gar lepers appeared! begging to be The distance American Christians are removed from church union is taken in. The Christian lepers plead- shown by the fact that the total num- ber of denominations covered by the ~d that they might be received, offer- statistics was 201, an increase of 13 mg to share their own food and cloth- over !he number reported for 1906, droppmg out of 16 small denominaing with them. Mr. Danner says: tions, and adding of 29 small denomi- nations, some of which have come into "Here was the crisis hour in the lives existence since 1906. . All religious denominations in of these seventeen persons. To be re- America include only one-half of the fused admission meant to each of them population in their membership, and' of these 15,742,262, or 37.4 per cent are months or years of weary, painful, out- Roman Catholics, and 61 per cent. or 25,691,774 are Protestants. It is worth cast beggary. To be received would while to notice the non-Christian sects mean food, care, companionship, love, that are growing up in America, 359,· and home, and, above all, a knowledge ?98 are Jewish men, which probably mclude 2,000,000 Hebrews and their of God. Who could refuse such an ap- families. Roman Catholics include chil- dren in their figures, while Protespeal? tants enumerate only communicants.

"The next day we again visited the Asylum and, on looking over the con- gregation, failed to recognize the out- cast friends of yesterday. Their white garb and cheerful faces were in marked contrast to their condition of the previous day. On being asked if they were in comfort they replied, 'We are very much at peace.''' All of the ~OO lepers in the Asylum are Chris- tians. save the newest tchoemseerss~veanntdeeint is wholly probable that persons will become Christians also.

NORTH AMERICA Among the other non-Christian Growth of American Churches sects reported are Mormons, 462,332. Buddhists have not reported since 1906 M:)RE accurate than Dr. H. K. Car. when they claimed 3,1,65 members, and roll's statistics are those of the 24 temples. Evidently there is work to be done in America before it can U. S. Bureau of Statistics. So that claim to be a Christian land. These rewhile church growth does not always cent statistics are more complete than mean Christian growth, and statistics those published in the May REVIEW. do not always indicate life, it is important that we have accuracy so far I as possible. A Southern Methodist Program The progress in the church member- N harmony with the recent action ~hip of America in the past ten years of the CNhourrtchherSnouMthethhaosdisatds~ptthede IS encouraging, if not satisfying. . Methodist During the ten-year period ended a world program, and assumed a budg-

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

et of $35,000,000 in order to carry it During the past year, 21,847 persons out. Commenting on this, the Centen- were placed on probation by courts of ary Bulletin, which is issued by the New York State, an increase of 13 Methodists of the North, says: per cent. over 1916.

"The Centenary W orId Program has The commission recommends the been too big from the beginning to employment of efficient, salaried pro- leave conspicuous place for personali- bation officers, men and women, ap- ties. Likewise the conception and the pointed under civil service in every world need which we face are too big city and county of the State.

for any sectarian spirit. We do not have before us two Methodist pro- "God's Language" grams but a WorId Program. The common Centenary of our missionary THE native name for the new Nav-. aha Bible is God Bizad, God's work becomes not an opportunity for denominational self-glorification, but Language. Surely no greater service for the framing of a new and more than this work of translation could comprehensive program of conquest have been done for the Navaho people, for Christ which will make the next who number over 30,000, and whose hundred years even more worthy of 93 per cent. of illiteracy makes their country "the darkest spot in the Unit-:- celebration than the last." "If this program takes shape," said ed States." Dr. JQhn R. Mott at the conclusion of The Rev. Herman Frijling, mishis great address before the Board of sionary of the Christian Reformed Foreign Missions last November, Church located at Fort Defiance, Ariz., "mark my word, it will bring new now among the Zuni Indians, was the life to Methodism. We need some- pioneer in reducing the language to thing which will stir our latent capaci- writing in 1905. ties' for sacrifice, heroism, adventure, Rev. F. G. Mitchell, of Tolchaco, leadership and cooperation within our Ariz., one of the present translators, great communion; that will lead us writes: to join more closely to other Christian "The Navaho young people in the bodies as this program evolves; above Training School at Tolchaco, Ariz., all, that will lead us to seek His Face were very happy indeed when the beautifully printed Scriptures in their and be found in Him." own language came from the Amer- The War and Juvenile Delinquency ican Bible Society, and the mission- aries at the various stations are ex- SINCE the early days of the war, re- ceedingly grateful for this much-need- ports have come from various bel- ed help for which they have waited so lang." ligerent countries of fne increase of delinquency among the young. Now the United States is beginning to see LATIN AMERICA similar consequences of the war. The A Doctor in Mexico annual report of the Probation Commission for 1917, which was presented SINGLE-HANDED as a doctor and to the N ew York State Legislature with very little help from his in April, shows the need, not only for church Dr. Salmans, who has been probation officers, but for the protec- working as a medical missionary for tive work on which the Young Wom- twenty-five years ,in Guanajuato, Mex- en's Christian Association has laid ico, has built up a large hospital and such stress in its war activities. won the confidence of the people. In, The commission points out the need the summer of 1916 he broke down for extended supervision of amuse- from overwork, and for six months ments, and the prevention of the pro- was recuperating in California. In miscuous meeting of young girls and January, 1917, he returned to Guana- soldiers. juata. He found the popUlation de-

C cimated in a way that is almost impos- Delivered From Image Worship sible to believe. "Of our accustomed ~ popUlation of 97,000, we found there O NE of the recent converts of the and alive only ab<>ut 10,000. Many Guatemala mission is an old had emigrated to other parts on the woman, who all her life has worship- closing of the mines and other large ped images. enterprises, but a much larger num- ber had succumbed to the terrible ty- A faithful Bible woman gave some- phus, famine and other causes, it being thing of her experience both as an probable that a larger proportion of image worshipper, and in her life as those who fled perished than of those a Christian, and taught the aged who remained in the city. woman how to pray direct to God. Praying directly to the Heavenly "God has made tender the hearts Father in the name of Christ was a • of the Guanajuatensians, so that we new and wonderful experience. Car- find them more accessible to the gospel rying all her troubles, which were invitations than ever before. We have many, directly to God soon brou~ht more children and youth matriculated joy and peace. When the BIble in our schools than ever, and more woman again entered that home, she people are seeking baptism and ad- was met by the wife and! mother, mission to membership in the Church whose face was beaming with a new than ever in former times. The de- joy. She was hungry for more Bible mands for our medical services have study, and has been growing rapidly also been insistent as never before." in her Christian life. -Medical Missions. Prospect in Paraguay A Dispensary in Vera Cruz T HE section of unevangelized ter- T HE opening of Presbyterian med- ritory in South America allotte? to ical missionary work in Vera Cruz was due to the enterprise of the Disciples in the interdenomma- the Mexican pastor, Rev. Jose Coffin. He first interested a young druggist tional agreement which grew out of and then the Christian Endeavor So- ciety of the church. The dispensary the Panama Congress, comprises Par- was begun in the church building with a big bottle of quinine and great aguay and the three adjacent Argent- faith. Through the kindness of the Superintendent of a big oil company, ine provinces of Entre Rios, Coo:- a building site was secured and a new building was erected, for which the rientes and Misiones. Parag-uay IS people gave largely of their time and labor, as well as of money. Thirty at present a great undeveloped terri- firms and drug stores contributed to the cause and the dispensary was tOry with unlimited natural wealth ready for work and reports. 721 -pa- tients treated in a period of about six and boundless future possibilities. months. Only two drug stores re- fused to contribute, but the labor and Since it is nearly as large as Spain material contributed amounted to $3,- and has a much richer soil with 500 and the lot, building and equip- scarcely any waste land. it bids fair ment are valued at $10,000, Mexican, within the next few decades to be- all free. Four Mexican physicians come the home of many millions of give their services and the patients peoole. represent many nationalities, ranging from four years of age to over eighty. But it is also a country of great des- promisin~ ftiietuldtiofno~ such as make,; it a missionary effort. The uni- versity has but one college, the col- lef!e of law. Out of a national popu- lation of nearly 1.000.000. there are only 288 teachers in training. Some of these must take the place of those now engaged in teachinfT. The illiter- acy is appalling. In the cities and towns the percentage is above sixty.

In the rural districts it is much worse.

Out of a school population of nearly

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250,000 only 80,142 go to school. In ultimately it is a moral world, and that 1916 there were thirty-eight schools a nation that deliberately thinks that less than the year before. In the whole men and munitions are the only things country there are only 477 schools for that matter will never win the war. boys and 473 for girls. The only leaders who have had the vision and the courage to say so plain- The morality of the country leaves ly are two men who have stood most a great deal to be desired. In one dis- closely to the stern realities of the trict the percentage of illegitimacy war-Sir David Beatty and Sir Wilreaches the shocking figure of seventy- liam Robertson. For the rest, we two per cent. are invited, e. g., to listen to minis- terial talk about reduced meals at resf ~' taurants, whilst we know that hun- dreds of thousands of tons of grain EUROPE and immense quantities of sugar are still to be retained to provide a prodL. A Gift Before Going Down uct that diminishes genuine efficiency and clogs the wheels of victory. How M ANY people have grown accus- can a people nu.rsing such insincerities tomed to reading the "total at its heart expect to overcome? To shipping loss for a week" without believe that it can be so is to believe thinking of the men who have gone in an irrational, unmoral wot:ld. We down with the merchant ships which think we can make our studied calhave been "torpedoed and lost." But culations about men and munitions and the tragedy comes home very close to shut our eyes to the inconvenient the workers of the Scripture Gift Mis- moral issues. We think we can drink sion, who give copies of the Word of strong spirits and at the same time God to the sailors at the various ports win the war. We cannot. Vision for touched by the ships, often for the victory will not be vouchsafed to us in last time. our cups, but on our knees.-J. Y. Simpson of Edinburgh. A seamen's missionary in a western port writes: Work for French Wom,en "I do not know how to express in M ISS MARY DINGMAN, induswriting my thanks for the supply of trial expert and Young Wom- Gospels your Mission has sent me en's Christian Association worker in for distribution among our sailors, France, in a recent letter says: "More but you will, I know, excuse any un- than 13,000 women are working in ofdue words. I can only bless God and fices in Paris and vicinity. This is an take courage. Two ships, one French. indication of the needs created by the other English, were torpedoed the great exodus of women out of within the last fortnight. I gave away their homes into commel'cial and in- Gospels to both crews-sad! The dustrial lives. I visited a factory on French were delighted with them. but the outskirts of Paris where the out- put is 45,000 shells a day, and where r understand they all went down. This many thousand of men and women are employed. I also made a trip to shows additional evidence of the sol- Lyons to see a new plant whose manemn responsibility of a missionary agement was willing to give space to and the inestimable value of your a foyer for women. In Lyons, a city mission." of more than a million inhabitants, there were motley crowds. Some of Prohibition for Britain the men and women work in chemical factories where the acids turn their I N the spring of 1915 the British hands, faces, hair and clothing yellow. government faced the liquor traffic situation, but shrank from the issue. And ever since that date the allied cause has gone steadily back. To some it is a mere coincidence; to oth- ers it has become an intimation that, after all, whether we like it or not, we are living in God's world, that

When you realize what they are doing, the wives and daughters of preachers you know that they are as essential to are taking their places in the pulpits the war as the men at the front-yet and are carrying on the regular almost nothing has been done for their church work which now consists chief- physical, moral and spiritual welfare." ly of war relief. Just at present they are bending their energies to furnish- German Care for English Prisoners ing warm garments for the soldiers in THE war has brought many illus- the North. There are splendid or- trations of the way in which in- ganizations in Rome, Genoa, Naples, Florence and Milan where women are dividual Christians in all the belliger- rallying heroically to the service and ent countries have shown a true re- are being given proper recognition for gard for those who are politically their sacrifices." their enemies. Among these is the following item from Germany: Y. W. C. A. Pioneers in Russia "An arrangement for the religious welfare of the English prisoners is HAVING stuck by their guns all found in Paderborn where Chaplain- through the turbulence in Rus- Superintendent Klingender includes sia, the eight representatives of the this work in his parochial program. National Y. W. C. A. report Associa- Every fourteen days an English serv- tion work opened in four places in ice is held in the old 'Abdinghuf' that country. Miss Clarissa Spencer, church, led by the superintendent. It who passed through one revolution in is only since the war that he has learn- Moscow, remains at her post in that ed English. One of the soldiers is the city, and Miss Helen Ogden and Miss volunteer organist. In addition to this Clara 1. Taylor, who were there until service the superintendent delivers recently, have gone eastward 900 miles regularly sermons in all the hospitals to the city of Samara, where they in his town, where English prisoners have launched Association work.

are. He also takes the English Evan- Miss Katherine Childs and Miss Mur- gelical prisoners into the church and iel Heap, who were held in Vladiv- the names of those who die in the bar- ostok, en route to Russia, are still in racks or town of Paderborn are men- that city and they, too, report having tioned at the church service. The begun Association work for women Dean, as the superintendent is called and girls of that city.

by the English soldi~rs, has a warm No word was received for some . place in the hearts of the prisoners." time from the three secretaries who were obliged to abandon the work they War an Emancipator in Italy had begun in Petrograd when the American Ambassador left that city. "T HIS great war, terrible as it is, But the last letter from one of them, might be called the Emancipator Miss Elizabeth Boies, tells of the beof women in Southern Italy." So ginnings of educational classes, gymwrites Rev. B. M. Tipple, Superintend- nastics and social gatherings in Mosent of the Methodist Episcopal Church cow. in Rome, who has recently arrived in America. MOSLEM LANDS He continues: "The old feeling Why Not War With Turkey? prevalent in Italy that her women should be cloistered is losing ground M ANY are puzzled to know why and the ideals of Great Britain and the United States, which is now America are rapidly coming to the at war with Germany and Austria, has front. Today woman is taking her not declared war on Turkey. The ex- stand beside man and, in many cases, planation is given in an important she is carrying on his work. We' see memorandum presented to Senator this particularly in our churches, where' Lodge by Dr. James L. Barton, secre-

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

tary of the American Board, who recently wrote the following letter to shows that both Turkey and Bulgaria a friend in New York: are under the military rule of the Germans, and have no power to throw "I am surprised today that I am it off. The main body of Turkish 0.£- still living to write friends and relaficials, and the people themselves, are tives. About 15,000 died of typhus in friendly to the United States and hos- Beirut alone. I wonder if after a year tile to Germany. Leading Turkish of- you can find 10,000 men left in Beirut. ficials have repeatedly declared that Hunger, poverty, disease and the Turkey had no chance of winning by atrocity of Turkey will hardly leave this alliance, and is running the risk men in the city. I am now under the of losing everything. If Germany English rule in Jerusalem and am very wins, Turkey's soyereignty will be happy that I am free." sacrificed. If the United States should now declare war on Turkey, German British Justice in Palestine officials would at once seize the large plants of American colleges and insti- CONDITIONS in Palestine today tutions in Constantinople, Smyrna, are in marvelous contrast with Beirut and elsewhere and put them to military uses. Furthermore, with those which prevailed before the Brit- America in friendly relations to Turk- ish General, AlIenby, set up a military ey there is some opportunity for Amer- administration in Jerusalem. An ican missionaries to continue their re- American resident of that country lief work among the Armenians and writes to the Associated Press: Syrians. "The removal of the old ·Ottoman American College Relief Work regime which had for its primary ob- ject setting one class against another, ONSTANTINOPLE College for the complete respect for the feelings C Women has' about 350 students and rights of all religious sects, the this year, including Greeks, Armeni- establishment of really equitable judians, Turks and Bulgarians. Today cial tribunals and the excellent bethe institution is not only a college havior of the British troops have alof high standing, but it is also ·a re- ready had a marked effect, not only lief station. It ha,rbors needy and des- on the people of the towns, but also titute girls who have felt the pinch of on the wild Bedouin. All through the war only too keenly, and the bitterness liberated districts the British authorof persecution. While it educates its ities have been afforded every possible students, it shelters and protects them assistance, and the British methods of at the same time. It has made of it- dealing with religious questions are in self a center for the poor of the im- general approved by the various religimediate neighborhood, where they can ous communities. come for help and work, where they know they will meet with kindness "On all sides it is evident that the and sympathy. The college at one new administration is regarded as a time volunteered fifteen hundred gar- great relief after the tyrannous corments for the hospitals. The money ruption of the Turk." for' this' scheme was collected by a committee made up of representatives All Christian sects pledged to obof the student body and the faculty. serve Easter at the holy places with concord, burying ancient strifes. About 4000 Jews held an open air meeting on the Mount of Olives on April 11th, when British Zionists mad~ addresses.

First-Hand News from Beirut Relief Needs in Palestine A BEIRUT man, formerly a student REV. STEPHEN TROWBRIDGE in the Syrian Protestant College, now escaped from Syria to Jerusalem, in February left Cairo for Jeru- sa~em, to act as secretary of the relief

committee which has been established, carried them, was the gift of loyal with Bishop MacInnes as chairman. natives of India. The fact that on one The Committee for Armenian and day, the second year of the .war, 6,- Syrian Relief received the following 000 beds in the Bombay hospItal were cablegram from him soon after his occupied by soldiers, gives some idea arrival: of the staff of Indian and European "Your first remittance bought 200 nurses required.

tons rice, wheat, medical supplies.

Thousands thank America. Workers A War University now in Jerusalem. Bethlehem clinic, THE Indian Young Men's Christian Hebron Hospital, Jerusalem Dispen- Association in Mesopotamia is sary and Orphanage, with one hundred children opened. Over 250 in Jaffa operating a university in that historic orphanage. Food very scarce, also land. Makinah University (in confuel and clothing. Furniture, clothing, everything being sold, sacrificed nection with the Makinah Y. M. C. for food. Fifty thousand sufferers A.), which was first opened in N0directly accessible Jerusalem, and 1,- vember, 1917, was after a week of 600 destitute Bethlehem. Refugees flocking to Jaffa. Relief camp neces- vacation reopened on January 2nd. sary. Sickness, destitution serious, Classes are conducted in Anatomy, especially in cities. Funds in hand Engineering, Theology, Chemistry, very inadequate. Refugee hospital Mohammedanism, Arabic, Hindu- Gaza crowded. More required. Seed, stani, Electricity and Magnetism, etc. grain, clothing, medical supplies can be secured in Egypt for Palestine. [why not in Christianity ?l. Th~ plan British military authorities offer all possible transportation facilities and is to offer each man five mghts In the urge immediate action. week five different subjects. Arrange- ments are being made for lectures in continuous series for Permanent Base Men. Five small tents are often un- able to accommodate all the men who choose certain subj ects for the even- Y. W. C. A. in Mesopotamia ing. Offi·cers, privates and Y. M. C. A. secretaries are the lecturers.-The I N Busrah, Mesopotamia, is a Y. W. Student W orid. C. A. Club for war nurses, started by special request of the British Gov- New Schools in Mecca ernment. A MONG various· reforms intro- "It is difficult for us to realize how duced by Sherif Hussein Ibn Ali, much this club means to the nurses," the King of the Hedjaz, into that porwrites Miss Alice Shields. "Mesopo- tion of Arabia which he has liberated tamia is one of the dustiest places on from Turkish misrule has been the deearth. The heat during the summer is velopment of education. Five or six intense-this year's record reached primary schools and a military school 130'-besides which sand flies, mos- have been opened at Mecca and two quitos, house flies and other things primary schools at Jiddah. The saniinnumerable combined to make life a tation of Mecca is being improved and continuation of hardships. Into this its streets widened; orders regUlating place the club has gone with cool, pret- the charges on pilgrims for the camels ty rooms and good piano, nice food for the journey from Jiddah to Mecand home comforts." ca, and for l,odgings in the holy city Until recently, soldiers sick and are strictly enforced; and travelers bewounded in Mesopotamia have had a tween the two towns are accompanied voyage of three and a half days to by Bedouin police. The wholesale ki~­ reach the nearest hospital relief. It napping of Sudanese women and chIlis interesting to know that a fleet of dren has been almost entirely stopped, seven splendid hospital ships which -C. M. S. Review.

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

Suffering Greeks in the Caucasus American flag in the mission com- A GREAT number of Greeks have pound in 1915. been deported from the coast regions along the Black Sea, the Mar- The Gospels and the Koran mora and' the Aegean into the inter- THE sacred books of the Mohamme- ior, especially into the villages of Ko- dans and of Christians both claim nia, Tocat, Sivas and Angora. Thou- to be revelations from God. Moslems sands of them are in a pitiful condi- have, however, always refused to tion, especially the women and chil- translate their Koran into infidel lan- dren. The American Committee for guages, claiming that it was originally Armenian and Syrian Relief is doing dictated in Arabic, which is the lan- all in its power to relieve the terrific guage of heaven. Moslems, who wish suffering. During the recent fighting to be versed in their scriptures must in Trebizond many of the Greeks es- know Arabic, but although they mem- caped to Batoum and other places in orize, and can quote the Koran, and the Caucasus and 50,000 or more are use it to uphold their theological reported in flight to Crimea. Trebi- views, it is not a book which the com- zond, when it was in the hands of the mon people can understand. Not long Russians, was a place of refuge for ago an Arab, who had received a copy thousands of exiles from the Black of the gospels, began to read it. He Sea coast towns and villages. turned to Mr. Van Ess, the mission- ary, and said, "This is not the Gos- The Refugees in Urumia pel." Being assured that it was, he replied, "This cannot be the Gospel, A GAIN the American Mission com- because I can understand it, and I can- pound in Urumia, Persia, may be not understand the Koran." He conthe refuge for pursued Assyrian tinued to read the Christian Scrip- Christians. tures until he was convinced of their truth as a revelation from God, and During his recent visit to Persia he became a Christian. Mr. William T. Ellis was present one Sunday morning at the regular church The Bible shows its divine characservice in the village of Geogtapa. ter in its adaptability to all peoples Dr. William H. Shedd of Urumia and languages. It carries its mesasked all those present, who had sage to the Arab, the European, the stayed in the American compound African and the Chinese with equal during the siege of Urumia, in 1915, force, to arise. Almost the entire congrega- Recently Christian literature societion stood up. ties have been asked to publish the It was not easy to realize that this Koran in Chinese for Chinese Moslarge company owed actual life itself lems. The reason is that the best evito the American flag; and that had it dence that the Koran is not comparnot been for the resourcefulness of able with the Bible as the word of God the American missionaries, all those is found by reading them both. A women would have been violated, and comparison of their contents has led all, or most of the men killed. More- many a Mohammedan to acknowledge over, less than two years ago not a the truth of the Christian Scriptures. person in that church had possessed To show this contrast more clearly anything but the clothes he or she had Dr. Samuel M. Zwemer has published worn in flight from the village, but a leaflet in which passages from the thanks to American relief funds, the Koran and the gospels are printed in parallel columns, "The word of God village has been rehabilitated, and is on a self-supporting basis. Those 500 is quick and powerful, and sharper Christians were but a fraction of the than any two-edged sword, piercing 15,000 who took refuge under the even to the dividing asunder of soul

and spirit and of the joints and mar- day, 'Sahib, the bread won't go row, and is a discerner of the thoughts down. 1 soak it in water, but it sticks and intents of the heart." (Heb. IV: in my throat.'

12.) They are hungry and dying, and there are more dead than are buried.

Mar Shimun of Persia Killed Men and women once in good circum- M AR SHIMUN, who has been stances, self-respecting and respected murdered in Persia, is said to be by others, now hungry, helpless and "the first political head of a nationality friendless crawl away out of sight, die who has paid the supreme sacrifice unseen and lie unburied.

in this war." Mar Shimun was the AFRICA civil and religious head of the Assy- How Much Is a Wife Worth? rian Christians, a people who, includ- ing 35,000 in Persia, number alto- ONE difference between those gether about 125,000 souls. whose lives conform to the teach- Mar Shimun was a man of marked ing of Christ, and those who are still and attractive personality, and brave- under the influence of Islam is seen in ly led his people through the suffer- the following incident: ings and perils which have beset them A mission in Kabylia once employed since the Turks took Urumia in 1915. a doctor to come from Algiers at regu- Now "he has given his life, and he is lar periods to treat the sick of its vilbeing mourned not only in Persia, but lages. Hundreds of Kabyles suffering also by the 5,000 Nestorian Christians from all sorts of maladies, presented in America. themselves at the mission house for treatment:-receiving at'the same time To his people he was both a King Christian balm for sick souls. Albert and a Cardinal Mercier, and the Assyrian Highlanders who mourn his One day a sturdy mountaineer arloss are a gallant remnant who are de- rived after having walked forty kilofending their women and children meters from his village, carrying his against armed Mohammedans. Se- wife all the way on his back! After vere famine conditions also prevail, making an examination of the womand it is feared that most of the As- an, the doctor declared that an opera- tion would have to be performed, of syrian men may be killed and the too grave a nature to be attempted women and children left unprotected.

" IA Dark Picture from Persia without proper aid and nursing. But if the man would consent to send his WANT to state some startling wife to Algiers, the doctor would see facts and to paint a black pic- that she got into the hospital and was ture. 1 only fear that being a mission- well cared for.

ary, and therefore not a pessimist, 1 "How much would that cost me?"

cannot paint it black enough." So an asked the Kabyle.

American missionary in Persia begins UNot over two hundred franc~," the a recent letter. He continues: doctor told him. "And without the "1 fear it is not generally under- operation she will live only a short stood in America that the bulk of the time."

people we are helping get nothing in The man thought for a space, then the way of food but dry bread; no replied: "I am very much obliged to meats, no soups, no vegetables, no su- you for your advice, but it is not worth gars; less than a pound of dry bread the trouble. I can buy a new wife with daily-that is all. It gets monotonous, two hundred francs."

to say the least: An old woman, a good He loaded his suffering help-mate old friend of mine since years before onto his back and started off on his the war, and one who was in excel- wearisome homeward journey.-Mis~ lent circumstances, said to me the other sionary News.

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

Human Boys in Africa "Her husband bought her with ivory or a woman, or what not, and this soft I T takes more than technical skill to answer from a thing so bought out- conduct a printing plant successful- rages her owner to a frenzy. In the ly in Africa. John H. Bradford, who wind of that frenzy Mendana goes is in charge of the Presbyterian mis- down the Metet hill before her hussion press at Elat, West Africa, shows band. If she is strong she will wear how well-equipped he is with the es- him out, and will hold her place in the sential quality of sympathy. He Tribe of God. Many wear their huswrites: bands out, and many more do not."

"To people at home who seem to think we are laboring among a lower class of human beings, I can say that Islam in Nyasaland in all essentials the African scholar is SCOTCH missionaries in Nyasaland a duplicate of the American. He is just as mischievous, just as full of feel that they are "up against the tricks, just as full of fun and obsti- outmost edge of the Moslem advance." nacy, and hates to be compelled to One of them writes: "Nyasaland is so truly on the outer work, just about as the average Ameri- ring of Islam that the bounary practican boy would rather go fishing, hunting or playing than work. Twelve cally runs between Blantyre and Zomhours' work a week pays the African ba. Around Blantyre and south of it boy sufficient money to buy his food we find a few Moslems here and there. for the following week, but like the Around Zomba they are in evidence, American boy he is apt to spend it all and north of Zomba, at the south end on Saturday on a delicacy, or a piece of Lake Nyasa, they swarm. We thereof apparel, and count on living off the fore experience here the 'lappings of other fellow, or taking what he wants the first waves of the rising tide of from the gardens." Islam that is steadily advancing all over Africa. Islam, in the sphere of the Church of Scotland Mission, pre- An African Wife's Testing sents itself not as a local item of re- M ISS JEAN MACKENZIE, who ligious belief, but as a challenge, where has just come home from West two empires meet, as to whether that Africa, gives !the following picture of Muhammad or that of Christ is to from Metet, West Africa. "Metet is. prevail. Locally, Christianity has ena settlement among the Bene tribe. It tered Nyasaland via the Zainbezi and cannot be said that this tribe is gener- Shire rivers. Islam has followed the ally interested in the Word of God, or old slave routes from Zanzibar inland. that there is any conspicuous softening At the south end of the Lake, where of Bene manners as a result of the these routes meet, Islam is thickest, Mission settlement in their midst. The and the Universities' Mission of the Bene response to the Gospel is indivi- Church of England, there established, ual, and not tribal; there is a tribal has the hardest task of all. To ap- proach Moslems here is easy, for there indifference, and property rights in is little fanaticism, if any, and they women make for much cruel perse- tend rather to apologize for themselves cution of the girls and women who on the score that they are as good as have given themselves to the Tribe Christians." of God.

. "'Whom do you want to love?' asks The Malagasy Bible Mendana's husband, as they stand in the moonlight before the little group TWO devoted Welshmen, David of Christians, black and white. Men- Jones and David Griffiths, the pio- dana, speaking for such women, says: neers of the London Missionary So- 'I want to love God and I want to ciety in Madagascar, began to trans- love my husband.' late the Scriptures, and in 1830 the

New Testament was issued from the utation. He made his influence felt mission press in Antananarivo. Such in many spheres, and won many was the demand that not one in twenty friends in America and other lands. who applied for Testaments was able Dr. Mabie was long identified with the to obtain a copy. The version of the American Baptist Missionary Union. Old Testament was nearly completed He was born in Belvidere, Illinois, in when in 1835 a storm of persecution 1847, and after his graduation from broke out, and by royal edict to possess the Baptist Theological Seminary at Christian books became a crime pun- Chicago he served as pastor of several ishable by death. By great exertion churches in the Middle West; later he the missionaries contrived to finish traveled in Japan, China and India to printing the Bible and to place it in visit the mission stations. He died at the hands of their converts before his home in Boston on April 30th, at they were driven from the island. 71 years of age. Among his best When the missionaries returned in known books are: "The Meaning and 1862, they found that the little band Message of the Cross," and "Methods of Malagasy Christians had multiplied in Soul Winning." An autobiography fourfold. of Dr. Mabie has recently been pub- lished under the title – "From Ro- The Malagasy version has been mance to Reality." more than once revised, and its present form is largely due to the labor w. M. Morrison of Africa of the veteran L. M. S. missionary, W. E. Cousins. The news of the death of Rev. W. M. Morrison, D.D., at Luebo, Congo ISLANDS OF THE SEA BeIge, on March 14th, in his fifty- The Indians in Fiji second year, has brought to the South- ern Presbvterian Chul'ch and other CHRISTIANS in Australia are feel- friends o( missions in Africa a sense ing keenly the problem introduced of irreparable loss, for Dr. Morrison's was one whom those who knew his into Fiji by the extensive immigration work ranks with that of Livingstone. of Hindus and Mohammedans from He reached Luebo in 1897, and in his India, who now constitute seventy-five twenty-one years in the field he travper cent of the population. Rev. F. C. eled thousands of miles on foot and Andrews, of India, in an address be- by hammock in missionary itineration. fore the Methodist Mission Board of For a number of years he was the Australia, described the lamentable im- business representative of the Execumorality and crime prevalent among tive Committee of Foreign Missions the Indian community in Fiji, pointing in all its dealings with the Congo Govout that a root cause was the dispro- ernment and in the administration of portion between the sexes (forty wom- the work on the field. en to one hundred men) among the indentured labor imported from India. His most abiding service, however, The consequent degradation of the lay along two special lines: first, in Indian women and children, and the reducing the Baluba language to writwidespread vice is becoming a constant ing and translating into it the Shorter menace to the moral safety of Fiji and Catechism, portions of the Bible and of all Polynesia. other Christian literature, and second, in delivering the people of the Congo OBITUARY NOTES State from the cruel oppression of the Foreign Trading Companies, which Henry C. Mabie of Boston worked under the protection of King Leopold, of Belgium. As a pastor, missionary secretary, lecturer, traveler and author, Dr. Henry C. Mabie had a world-wide rep-

Historical Development of Reli,ion the weaknesses of these faiths

he calls China's family religion, Budd- in China. By W. J. Clennel1. 8vo, 260 hism, he condenses in its attractive- pp. $2 net. New York: E. P. Dutton ness for the ascetic in a sentence more & Company, 1917.

Enlarged in 1914 from an address than a page long (pp. 94-95), while delivered to Caermarthen Presbyter- its lure for the common people is poetian College, this volume is still too ically set forth in the following three brief to do justice to its theme. The pages, a laudation that is hardly true author has been for many years a Brit- to facts, especially in North China. We ish consul in China and is apparently wish that we Could fully believe the well acquainted with the course of re- roseate view of pages 109-110. ligious history there, even though "The Mingling and Decay of Faith" there is little evidence of his having chapter lacks sufficient historic facts used the classical texts of any sacred to make it evident to the reader just canons except the Confucian. Unlike what had happened, and while a simimany volumes on the subject, which lar decay in Christianity can be cited, . seem to be excerpts from Dr. Legge's the two are hardly parallel. That chapwritings, this book discusses the theme ter really extends down to the middle from an original point of view. Be- of the last century, and it accounts ginning with an interesting chapter on very well for the present melange of general characteristics and primitive Chinese religion.

conceptions of the Chinese, he supplies The nineteenth century has been one the background of later religious de- of great significance religiously to velopment-not a golden age, but a China, as the last two chapters clearly period of cruelty, of barbaric display show. Protestantism and modern civiin deaths and burials, and of religious lization have made many things new; eclecticism before the era of modern yet there is still need of ~ firmer moral devotion to the trinity of teachings, basis for national life, a topic which China's "Three Religions." Human closes the volume and which is weakly sacrifices in antiquity and the colossal discussed. The entire book is an ad- tumulus of Ch'in Shih Huang Ti, the mirable example of tolerance and sym- Great Wall builder, are sample facts patheti.c approach, but the author fails overlooked in most discussions of this to see and to make his readers realize portion of the history. that in these four thousand years of The chapter on ancient Confucian- religious history God has been seen ism is disappointing, and extends be- in sections and adumbrations only, but· yond the bounds of its title. Yet it not in His fulness and majesty. and gives a few unusual facts about the power, least of all in His love.

Sage himself, and its final note is a A Prince of the Church in India. By useful reminder of the context of an oft-quoted proof of his ignorance of Rev. J. c. R. Ewing, LL.D., D.D. life after death, a setting which greatly modifies Dr. Legge's 'criticism of 12mo. 75 cents. Fleming H. Revell Confucius. The author's treatment of Co., 1918. Taoism contains too much concerning fengshui, or geomancy, and too little A noble life is the seed corn of the of Lao Tzu's brief "Canon of the Way coming Kingdom. Plant its story in and of Virtue," which is hardly in ac- human hearts, and it will bring forth cord with the author's general plan of fruit after its kind. Such a life is that emphasizing the good and justifying of Kali Charan Chatterjee, one of the outstanding Christian leaders of India. In his biography, written by the presi- dent of Forman Christian College, La- hore, a strong presentation is made of the influences which led the thoughtful who cannot read the larger life of and devout Hindu lad to become a Mary Slessor, this brief account will Christian, of his courage in seeking be a good introduction. The line cut baptism, the ensuing ostracism and illustrations are not by any means persecution, and his life as a student equal in quality to the text of the under the renowned Dr. Alexander book. Duff. Primary and Junior Mission Stories. Dr. Chatterjee's statement of his By Miss Margaret Applegarth. 12mo, reasons for renouncing his ancestral 343 and 406 pp. $l.00 net each. Board faith and becoming a Christian as of Publication, 25 East 22nd St., New formulated by him in 1910, when an York. 1918. old man (p. 34) are a moving testimonial to the power of the Cross over A LL around the world for a dollar men of the highest intellectual gifts. or two, with stories, pictures, rhymes and puzzles, handwork and in- One feature of the book of greatest spiration! Wouldn't you like to make practical value to present-day students the trip? Then buy two new books of missions is its presentation of the by Margaret Applegarth. The titles reflex influence upon this able and sound like bread, but the stories taste cultured Indian Christian of the policy like cake with orange frosting. of the Mission of the Free Church of Scotland, which prevented ordination Each volume contains 52 short of Indian Christians on a parity with stories planned for Sunday-school preforeigners. sentation, a few minutes each week, making a cumulative effect full of Mrs. Chatterjee shared her hus- charm and value. The books would band's labors with such devotion and be equally fascinating for home or ability that her influence was felt al- Kindegarten use, and should find ready most as much as his own during the sale for gifts to mothers and teachers forty-eight years in which he was a as well as to children. missionary of the Presbyterian Board in Hoshyarpur. _ Religions of the Past and Present. A series of lectures delivered by mem- Lives like theirs are the best evi- bers of the Faculty of the University dence of the transforming power of of Pennsylvania. Edited by James A. the living Christ. Montgomery, Ph.D., S.T.D. 425 pages. Philadelphia, J. B. Lippincott Com- The White Queen of Okoyong. By Wm. pany. $2.50 net. 1918. P. Livingstone. Illustrated, 12mo, 208 pp. $l.00 net. George H. Doran Co., Six living religions and eight no New York, 1918. longer held are here discussed by eleven members of the Graduate Fac- Mary Siessor, of Calabar, was a re- ulty of the University of Pennsylvania. markable woman whose life was full When one recalls other similar collecof service and adventure, and not with- tions, like "Religious Systems of the out humor. She was the "boss" of WorId," addresses by some of Eurchieftains, and a real queen in char- ope's most eminent specialists, albeit acter and power. Her life told here a bit antiquated now, the question for young people will fascinate them about its right to be might arise. A while it inspires them. Mary Slessor careful study of the volume will abunwas original and indefatigable. When dantly satisfy the reader that the reshe feared she would oversleep and ligions here treated are discussed in so needed an alarm clock, she tied a roos- fresh, accurate, comprehensive and inter at the foot of her bed; when she teresting a way that the editor is perwished to stop cruelty she defied and fectly justified in presenting to the commanded African chiefs; when she public what he and his co-laborers did not wish to leave behind four bJack made so attractive to their University girls whom she had adopted, she took auditors of 1916-17. them to England with her. For those The collection is both full and in- the leader of the German people in complete. Thus Confucianism, Tao- this war.o-a Wodan, one-eyed because ism and Shintoism do not appear at he was willing to give the other as all among the living religions, while the price of drinking of the spring of Zoroastrianism, held by only a few wisdom, on his arm a heavy gold ring, more than 100,000, is admirably treat- draupnir-dripping,-two wolves at ed. This is accounted for by the de- his feet and two ravens perched on sire not to entrust a religion to anyone his shoulders; his second wife's hand- not a specialist and to confjne the maid, Var, who "guarded over the speakers to the University staff; Yet promises and oaths of men and women this rule permitted the separate treat- and punished all those who broke their ment of Vedic religion and Brahman- troths"; his eldest son, Thor, broad- ism and Hinduism, and gave the public shouldered, red-haired and fierce- the two themes of Early and Medi.eval eyed, possessor of the hammer Mjol- Christianity, subjects rarely included nir, the crusher, and of a pair of iron in such a collection. In general one gloves always worn in battle; and the may say that each address has a de- world snake thrown by Wodan into cided individuality and a directness the sea where it grew until it finally sometimes too condensed, as when Dr. encircled the earth and bit its own tail.

Edgerton writes: "To state in words Drs. Hyde and Hadzsits make the old a generalization of Hinduism may be Greek and Roman religions live and bold. Yet I will venture on the fol- fill one with regret that such discus- lowing as an expression of what seems sions were not available for the classi- after all to come out of Hinduism- cal student of former days. Zoroas- sometimes plainly stated, perhaps trianism is perhaps as interesting and more often vaguely felt: You may unusual as any of the chapters. But call God by whatever name you will; the entire volume is well worth read- but in truth God is One." All the ing-perhaps more so than any other writers have the gift of teaching as of its class and limitations.

well as of lecturing, and each address . has in it not only the modern approach The Religious Foundations of America. to religion, but makes use of the latest By Charles Lemuel Thompson, D.D.

discoveries and discussions in connec- Bvo. 300 pp. $1.50 net. Revell, New tion with a given faith. York, 1917.

To differentiate one or more of Dr. Thompson, President of the these chapters from others might be Home Missions Council, has been reinvidious when all are so excellent. garded for many years as one of the The conservative reader will be some- far-seeing and clear-thinking stateswhat disturbed by a few statements men of American Christianity. He is made in the lecture upon the Hebrew not unknown as a writer on home misreligion, and perhaps also by what is sion topics, and his literary gifts insaid about Christianity, especially that clude, among others, the charm of of the early period-a treatment poesy. This book, however, is hisunique, however, and very stimulating tory, prophecy and keen analysis of to thought. The chapter on Moham- the present religious situation. More medanism is admirable, though one specifically, it is a study of origins. may be surprised that so little is said The author traces the varying streams about New Islam, and even more by of moral and religious influence which, the brevity of its treatment of the from the earliest colonization of Koran. Professor Johnson in his in- America, have flowed from Spain, tensely interesting lecture on the re- from Holland, from Germany, from ligion of the Teutons has given the Great Britain, from France, from Jewpublic historically all the essential ish sources in innumerable lands.

features of the god whom the Kaiser In his preface, Dr. Thompson reprints with a capital and proclaims as minds us that social evolutionists base their hope that America may yet de- honors in competitive examinations velop the highest type of man upon the and have already done great things interaction of the manifold elements for their countrywomen. which have entered into the making of this Republic. The contents of this The biography is too personal in volume afford the reader a luminous many places for a volume of general and comprehensive view of the main and permanent interest. For a mismoral and social constituents of a civil- sionary volume it tells too little of ization which labors to secure the the actual spiritual needs of the Span-. peace and safety of the body social ish people. The ideals of the instiand politic through a unity in diver- tute were those of Constantinople Colsity which is the highest proof of the lege for Vomen, but Mrs. Gulick was perfect functioning of a composite like a mother to her students as well organization. as their teacher. Her personal Chris- . tian influence counted for even more Dr. Thompson is at his best in the than her intellectual ability. The spirtwo chapters on Pilgrims and Puri- itual side of the work and its results tans ~nd in his chapter on the Scotch- in the religious regeneration of the Irish element. He quotes Mr. Roose- handicapped daughters of Spain are velt, who described the Scotch-Irish not emphasized as much as one might as a race "doubly twisted in the mak- expect from a work under the auspices ing, flung from island to island, and of the American Board of Commistoughened by exile," and who pays sioners for Foreign Missions. high tribute to the influence of the Scotch-Irish in America. The great The Fundamentals-A Testimony to the war has not blinded Dr. Thompson to Truth. 4 vols. 12mo. Preface by the value of the thrift and industry, Rev. R. A. Torrey. Los Angeles Bible the religious teachings and missionary Institute, Calif?rnia, 1917. activity of Teutonic immigrants represented by people of the Lutheran, Mo- Some of the most able and most ravian and Reformed faiths. famous Christian teachers have con- tributed to this series of papers on Alice Gordon Gulick. By Elizabeth Put- the Bible, Christian Doctrine and Ex- nam Gordon. IIIus. 12mo. $1.50 net. perience. Among the authors are Dr. Fleming H. Revell Co., 1918. Geo. F. Wright of Oberlin, Sir Robert Anderson of London, Prof. James Spain is a country better known to Orr of Scotland, Arthur T. Pierson, historians, travelers and romancers Charles R. Erdman of Princeton, and than to missionaries. Yet it is a land Dr. M. G. Kyle of Philadelphia. as much in need of enlightenment in Christian truth as is South America or Presbyterian Pioneers in Congo. By Mexico. The story of the life and William H. Sheppard. Introduction work of Mrs. Gulick gives less about by Dr. S. H. Chester. IIIus. 8vo. 157 the country and its needs than we pp. 35 cents, paper. Presbyterian could wish, but it is a beautiful pic- Com. of Publication, Richmond, Va. ture of a noble woman who, with her husband, William H. Gulick, was able The author of this little volume is a to build up a great educational in- colored man, born in Virginia, edustitution. Mrs. Gulick was a rare and cated in Hampton and sent out to queenly woman and did, through the Africa by the Southern Presbyterian International Institute, for the girls of Board. Mr. Sheppard did a good Spain what Mary Lyon did for the work and here describes in his own girls of New England. She founded picturesque style the things that· he and built up, on Protestant Christian saw and did. It is not a careful study lines, an institution that astonished or consecutive history of these piothe leading educators of Spain. The neers but is rather a series of disjointyoung women graduates took high ed snap-shots, each throwing light on the people, their beliefs and habits and on the work of the missionaries.

The Missionary Review of the World — January 1917

EXTENT OF THE WORLD

This remarkable map deserves study. It shows the number of races and nations engaged in the great European War. These people and religions, divided by worldly strife, are being united by the Christian Campaign for Winning the World to Christ.

MISSIONARY

EVlEW~ VOL. JANUARY, 1917 NUMBER. ONE XL SIGNS OF THlE TIMES GOD'S VIEW OF THE WORLD I F men could but view this world as God sees it nineteen hundred years after the coming of His Son to save the world, the vision would be illuminating and transforming. We might be unable to endure the sight of the degradation, cruelty, selfishness, the worship of mammon, such as prevails not only in Africa, in India and China, but in Latin lands and Russia and among the multitudes in more enlightened Germany, Britain and North America. What would we learn of God's view of the war which is drenching three continents in human blood? What would be our transformed vision of commercial warfare and of social standards? How changed would be our views, even of much of the so-called religious activity of the day. If we saw only the vice, the selfishness, the enmity, the ignorance and formalism of the world the result would be pessimism and despair.

The world is sick unto death. Without some outside help, there is no hope. But, thank God, there is a remedy proyided. This remedy is committed to the custody of the followers of Christ, the Great Physician. God Himself is applying it to the healing of the nations.

In a vision of the world as it is there is despair and death; in a vision of God and His Gospel there is hope and life.

A glimpse of the nations as they are to-day shows the unspeakable need of all mankind for the transforming remedy of the Gospel, but it also shows that men are hungry for life and many are Christlike.

THE SITUATION IN EUROPE O N the Continent that has longest been considered Christian, we see, on the one hand, twenty millions of men fighting one another with all the deadly ingenuity of their God-given intelligence. There are nearly another twenty million dead on the battle-fields,

wounded in hospitals or prisoners of war. There are widows and orphans without number-enough to stir the hardest heart to pity. The war has brought untold loss to Christendom in the $75,000,000 a day wasted; in the millions of men turned from pursuits of peace to those of war; in the depopulation of institutions of learning, the missions closed and missionaries deported or killed. One British Society alone has thirty men in the trenches, and many German Societies have more.

But, in spite of the awful results of the conRict, there is a brighter side. The hearts and pocketbooks of men have been opened as never before to relieve human suffering. America has sent over $40,000,000 for relief, and Britain has given much more, while little Holland has become one vast guest house for the Belgians. The Y. lVl. C. A. huts are helping hundreds of thousands of soldiers in the field and prison camps. Ten million Testaments and Gospels have been given to soldiers, and multitudes in the face of death have found the Way of Life. The work for Belgian soldiers and for Russian prisoners in Germany is especially noteworthy. The Gospel work in France has been hindered by the Roman Catholics, but in Italy the Waldensians have borne faithful witness, and Scriptures have been freely distributed. A Christmas ship bearing hundreds of tons of food and other necessities sailed from America on December 18th for the relief of Armenians and Syrians.

Another bright spot in the dark picture of Europe is the movement against intoxicants. Russia has already reaped untold benefit from the prohibition of vodka. In one year the amount in savings banks increased tenfold, and last year .three times as much was deposited in one month as the total in the savings banks before the prohibition. Banks have now been opened in Russian churches. The effect is also seen in the physical, mental and spiritual betterment of the people. France has benefited by her edict against absinthe and is now planning to prohibit all strong drink except beer and lig.ht wines. Naturally this is arousing oppOSItIOn. It is rumored that the new Cabinet in Great Britain may at last take steps to bring about national prohibition. A petition eleven miles long in favor of such action was recently presented to Parliament. It was signed by two million Britons, many of them laboring men who have been reputed to be opposed to such a measure.

The British missionary societies have wonderfully maintained their work in spite of the drain imposed by the war, and some of them have, in addition, taken over the care of German missions in India and elsewhere.

As Christmas draws near the rumors of movements toward peace are renewed. Germany has signified her readiness to enter into negotiations and to join a movement for the maintenance of world-wide peace. Another European government has set an example of foresightedness for Denmark has appointed a commission to study the effects of the war. It would he well if missionary societies would follow this example.

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CONDITIONS IN AFHICA E VERY part of the Dark Continent has been affected by the Euro- pean conflict. Egypt has been the home of hundreds of thou- sands of soldiers, of 5,000 Armenian refugees, and thousands of Jews from Palestine. In the midst of restlessness the missionary work has continued unabated. Dr. Zwemer and Rev. Stephen Trowbridge 11ave conducted evangelistic services for soldiers and refugees. The work for Moslem students has been increasingly fruitful through newspapers and public addresses. One daily paper has even consented to publish without cost the weekly expositions of the Sunday School lessons. At Khartum the head of Gordon College has resigned, and one result may be a change in the policy which has made it practically a Moslem institution to the exclusion of Christianity.

All of North Africa has naturally been disturbed by the Moslem unrest. German colonies in the west and southwest have been captured by the Allies and German mission work interrupted. German East Africa is as yet only partially occupied, and the desultory warfare continues.

While the political situation in Africa is unsettled, the religious future also hangs in the balance. Islam and Christianity are struggling for the mastery of the pagan tribes. Already one-third of the Africans are counted as Moslem, 4,000,000 of whom are south of the Equator. The Moslem merchants spread their religion, while those from Christian lands too often spread deviltry. Great stretches of land and millions of Africans are still untouched by Christian missionaries, and a few years will determine whether Christ or Mohammed will prevail over African ignorance and fetishism and sin. The people will be more difficult to win as Moslems than as pagans.

There are also many bright stars in the African night. In Uganda the great work still continues, and the native Church grows in extent and power. In West Africa the mission of the Presbyterian Church, U. S. A., in spite of the war continues to grow. At one station 8,000 attended communion service, and in the church at Elat 7,500 confessed Christ in one year. Of these, 5,000 were won by native workers. There are also 15,000 reported on the "waiting list" in catechumen classes. In British Central Africa, also, Rev. Donald Fraser, of the United Free Church of Scotland Mission, reports large ingatherings.

THE WAR AND ISLAM O NLY two religions have been vitally influenced by the war, Chris- tianity and Islam. The followers of these two religions num- ber nearly one-half the population of the world. As to Christianity, the war has revealed the fact that had all Christians lived up to the full measure of their profession, the war would not have occurred.

The world for the first time has come to realize that Christianity possesses that which, if properly and effectively applied, would prevent war.

Islam, on the other hand, has been brought face to face with the fact that its boasted unity no longer exists.

Mohammedans are to-day fighting in the armies of all of the contending nations and upon both sides. However much the excuse of a "holy war" may be cited as the reason why good Mohammedans are facing each other in deadly conflict, the leaders know that no holy war exists, and that Moslem is fighting Moslem simply because he owes allegiance to countries that are at variance. He regards his national allegiance as more binding than the commands of his religion.

It has been taken for granted that a call to a holy war issued to the Moslems of the world by the Sheikh of Islam and the Caliph of Islam would precipitate a religious conflict surpassing in extent and cruelty anything recorded in history. Two years ago, however, when this call was given from Constantinople, there was no earnest response, even in Constantinople itself. Protest arose from the 67,000,000 of Moslems in India, from Morocco, from Egypt, from Abyssinia and other countries, while the Mohammedans fighting with the Allies in France and with the armies of Russia continued as before, and the Moslems of Egypt and India reaffirmed their loyalty to England.

The most severe blow to Islam comes from the uprising of the Grand Sherif of Mecca, the keeper of the sacred shrines of Islam, who, with a strong body of Arab followers, has captured the' sacred shrines and issued a proclamation to the Moslems of the world that the day of independence and freedom has dawned, and that Mecca and Arabi:! are free from Turkish dominion.

The Moslem dream of world conquest and of universal rule has already vanished, as they become conscious of the fact that there is not sufficient power in their religion to hold them together in a united body when other and conflicting interests invite to division.

Extensive quotations might be made from Mohammedan writings showing how widely extended is this disaffection among Moslems. Aga Khan, speaking as the head of the Moslems in India, nearly one-third of the Moslems of the world, said: "Now that Turkey has so disastrously shown herself a tool in German hands, she has not only ruined herself but has lost her position as trustee of Islam, and evil will overtake her." A Zanzibar paper (Arabic) says: "The pillars of the East are tottering, its thrones are being destroyed, its power is being shattered and its supremacy is being obliterated. The Moslem world is divided against itself." The most influential Moslem daily paper in Cairo, Egypt, said: "The interfering on the part of Turkey in the present conflict was uncalled-for foolishness, and by her actions Turkey has forfeited her right to the Caliphate."

Owing to the divisions cast into Mohammedanism through events connected with this war, Moslems recognize no central Mohammedan

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power, no caliph, and have lost their cherished hope of ultimate Moslem triumph as the ruling religion and natural force in the world. No one can estimate the full import of the present breaking up of the unity and solidarity of Islam.

SOCIAL CHANGES IN PERSIA SCENES are being enacted to-day in Asia and Africa that seemed impossible a generation ago. The Moslem women were rigidly secluded and Moslem homes were closed to Christians. Women and girls were left illiterate, as their education was considered useless and dangerous. To-day many Moslem girls attend Christian schools, and among some Mohammedans there is a growing sentiment in favor of the abolition of the zenana and the veil.

One evidence of a social, if not of a religious change, in changeless Persia is mentioned by Rev. E. T. Allen, of Urumia, in a recent letter.

"Not long ago," he writes, "the whole of the station force was invited to the Moslem home of the late Nasr-il-Mulk by his daughter, who is a graduate of the Moslem department of Fiske (Presbyterian) Seminary. Gentlemen and ladies mingled freely with the oldest son, now head of the house, and with the daughters and other Moslem women of the household. All sat together at dinner, spread on the floor in true Persian fashion."

In this connection it is interesting to note the celebration of the first anniversary of the return of the Russian army to Urumia after the defeat of the Turks. In the city and in many of the villages the Christians gathered to hear eulogistic speeches and long home-made poetry prepared by local rhymsters, to sing folk songs and dance folk dances. All the missionaries were invited to the village of Geoghapa, where the gala day was held largely in honor of the salvation of the village through the efforts of Dr. Packard, who, in January, 19 I 5, interceded with the Kurds for the life of the people of this village in U rumia plain. He prevailed and saved one thousand lives.

JAPAN'S NEED AND RESPONSE I N Japan the need is increasingly felt for a religion that gives moral stamina to the nation. The scandals in the Government have led many to distrust the power of Buddhism, and the infidelity and immorality among students and among public officials reveals the need of regeneration. Captain Bechel, who has been for seventeen years traveling about in Japan, investigated I07 districts, and found 96 of them pestilentially immoral. He reports that phallic worship is still practised in many Buddhist shrines, and that in some districts almost all the adults are tainted with immorality. He continues: "Where the priests, of whom I personally know many, are acknowledged to be worse than blind leaders of the blind, how shall they help? Where a principal of a school can marry and divorce three wives,

his first having died in eighteen months; where another can have several paramours with the knowledge of parents and children alike; where another man can put away his wife because she is ill and take as wife a paramour inside of two weeks, with the assistance of his colleagues, how shall the educators protest? Vhere a leading doctor is publicly known to have several paramours and literally kicks his accomplished Christian wife about the house and out into the street, and still holds a large practice; where the local member of parliament has publicly two concubines; where the member of the provisional assembly has two wives and two homes and children in each, and travels with geisha; where the leading men, including the priests, sancho (chief of village), doctor, principal of the school, and leading business men can sell a girl of twelve years for ten yen, because her parents cannot support her and she may become a charge to the village, and no one but the one local Christian protests, who shall help ?"

At the same time, the evangelistic campaign has revealed unusual opportunities for the Gospel. Japan is electric with new life, and is more than ever responsive to a spiritual message. Now is the time for advance, when the Protestant missionaries are united in a forward movement and call for 500 new missionaries to "buy up the opportunity." The three years' evangelistic campaign of the Christian churches has been timely and effective. Missionaries write that evangelism in rural districts is especially hopeful and greatly needed. There are twenty-five' thousand villages in Japan, each with schools and in touch with the world through newspapers. There is intellectual progress but moral decay. Morality is pitifully low and the spirit of worldliness is supreme. Intemperance is growing, and many social evils are unchecked. The Christian forces in Japan are calling loudly for more help from the Church in America to help evangelize rural Japan.

In connection with this call, it is encouraging to hear from a missionary, Rev. H. P. Jones, of the thousands that are crowding to hear the Gospel in some districts where the opportunity is presented. He says: "In Kobe a few weeks ago I had the privilege of attending a number of meetings of the National Evangelistic Campaign. The first night, at the Congregational Church, the house was filled to its fullest capacity, and many were turned away. It seats nine hundred. The next night one of the largest theaters was filled-its seating capacity is two thousand-and the aisles were full, and many were turned away. Mr. Ando, the lay leader of the temperance movement in Japan, spoke for one hour. Then for another hour that packed house listened to Dr. Ebina, of Tokyo, quietly and without the least evidence of weariness. On the next day, which was Sunday, the Y. M. C. A. building, which seats 900, was filled to the limit in the morning, afternoon and evening. In a club house nearby a meeting was being held for children. By actual count there were over three thousand five hundred children in the building, a very large number of whom were not Sunday-school pupils. On Monday night, in the largest and most elegant theater, I found the people literally jamming

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the door trying to get in, and what was still more astonishing was a sign requesting Christians not to come into the building, so that non-Christians could have their seats. The seating capacity is two thousand, and many stood in the aisles. The police ordered the doors closed, pronouncing the house full. People kept coming for more than an hour and demanding entrance. Nothing like it was ever known in Kobe before.

"It is easy for one to overestimate the results of such meetings, but these big crowds without doubt indicate a decided change in the popular attitude toward the Gospel. Pray for strength for the workers in Japan."

To combat this impact of Christianity, the Buddhists have recently devoted one million yen ($5°0,000) to establish Buddhist Sunday Schools. They have in six months started over 800 such schools and. enrolled 120,000 children. They imitate Christian methods, adopt Christian songs to the praise of Buddha, and adopt Sunday-school programs.

THE PROBLEMS OF CHOSEN KO REA, the Japanese province of Chosen, is in a critical situation. Many material, judicial and educational improvements have been made that have put new possibilities before the people. They have been passing through the discipline of national sorrow and disappointment, but it may turn out to their spiritual advantage. Thousands of Japanese are pouring into the peninsula, and everywhere new life is manifested. The Japanese Christian Chul'Ch is taking Korea as a missionary field, and is also establishing churches among the Japanese colonists.

In the days of Korean independence the missionaries were given a free hand in the establishment of schools and in religious as well as secular instruction of pupils. Since the Japanese annexation, however, many difficult questions have been brought before the missionaries and Christian Koreans, because of the Japanese policy of J apanizing Koreans. The Japanese government order forbidding Christian instruction in mission schools is clearly intended to separate religion and education. Nominally ten years was granted to the mission schools to comply with this order, but apparently the Japanese government did not expect the missionaries to take advantage of this. Since the Protestant mission schools are fundamentally Christian, most of them have not seen their way clear to omit Christian instruction from the regular curriculum, and two Southern Presbyterian schools at Soon Chun and one Girls' Academy at Syen Chun have been discontinued. This is a great loss to the Korean Christians.

Another difficulty which has now arisen is in the Japanese regulation that ceremonial worship shall be observed by the schools before the picture of the Emperor annually on his birthday. To the Korean Christians this is looked upon as equivalent to ancestor worship, though the Japanese claim that it is simply a patriotic ceremonial. In the government schools teachers are required to bow daily before the picture of

the Emperor and the imperial rescript. Last year the order was sent out by the Japanese officials that the anniversary of the late Empress Dowager's death be celebrated in all the mission schools on Sunday by fitting ceremonies.

Another difficult question arises in connection with the use of J apanese text-books. The government has issued a small "School Text-Book on Morals," which every mission school has been ordered to use for instruction one hour a week. There are many excellent moral lessons in this text-book in regard to honesty, courtesy, etc., but there is also a chapter requiring worship at the graves of ancestors. In this chapter the Christian children are told that they must make an offering at their ancestors' graves and bow down before them. While reverence for ancestors is commendable, an act of worship such as would be rendered to the Deity is, of course, against the conscience of Korean Christians.

The students in Korean mission schools of academy grade of the Methodist and Presbyterian Churches number about 3,500, less than onetenth of whom are non-Christians. It would seem, therefore, that it would be a wise policy for the Japanese government to consider their conscientious scruples and to win them over to friendly loyalty to the Japanese government by avoiding any unnecessary conflict on religious grounds. It is earnestly to be hoped that the Japanese will favor a policy of friendly co-operation with missionaries, developing strength of character, coupled with loyalty to the Imperial government. The Christian missionaries are in the land to help make better citizens-more intelligent, more unselfish and more moral because more Godlike. It is hoped and believed that the Japanese government will put as few obstacles as possible in their way.

THE AWAKENING OF CHINA " CHINA," says Bishop Bashford, "is not only a giant awake, but is pacing the floor with growing pains." The whole nation seems alive to the need for modern education. Universities and lectures are crowded, and many of the leaders have been educated in mission schools. This gives Christianity an advantage. The death of Yuan Shih Kai and the accession of President Li Yuan Hung has brought a degree of quiet, and there is hope that the mighty nation will settle down to solving its problems. President Li is favorably disposed to Christianity, and since the modern ideas of politics and education are from the West, many are inclined to look favorably on the Western religion also. One student writes : "We accept the Western system of education, of science, and history and mathematics, why should we not also take the religion of Jesus Christ which comes from the West?"

The Bible classes started by Mr. Sherwood Eddy continue to flourish and to win Christian converts. The news of revivals come from many parts of the Republic. Mr. Arthu~ Polhill, of the China Inland Mission, writes, for example, from Eastern Szchuen, that in the dis-

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trict of Chengkow (still unoccupied) many of the wealthy are destroying their idols and are becoming inquirers. Temples in many parts of the Republic are being abandoned, and some of them are used for Christian Bible schools and evangelistic services.

Out of the bewildering confusion of political, social, industrial, intellectual and moral upheaval will come a new China, no longer facing the past but open-minded to the truth. A million school teachers are needed to teach China's sixty million pupils. What university will train them? An army of physicians and nurses is called for sanitation and healing ministry. The Christian Church has an unparalleled opportunity to supply those who will train these and other leaders of China's onward march. The best schools, colleges and medical schools are in the hands of the Christian missionary forces. These are in a unique position of power to mould the future of China.

THE MOVEMENTS IN INDIA THE war has seriously affected the work in India. Not only have some two hundred German Protestant missionaries been forced to leave the country or give up their work, but many British and Canadian missionaries have gone to the front as soldiers, physicians or to assist the Young Men's Christian Association work. Thus many of the mission stations are short-handed and the work suffers.

The term "mass-movement" has become a household word in mission circles. Large numbers of the low-caste and out-caste people are seeking relief from their intolerable condition by applying to the Christian Church for baptism. The pyramid of social structure in India is becoming unsettled at the base. Thousands are being born in a day, but need instruction and nurture to build them up into intelligent and useful Christians. There are signs of the gradual disintegration of the old social system, and one of the greatest object lessons to the higher castes is the transformation wrought by the Gospel in those whom they have despised as "untouchable."

The native Indian Church is growing in numbers and power, and union movements have been organized in South India and other districts to conduct evangelistic services and to carryon missionary work.

IN LATIN AMERICA M EXICO is still torn asunder by revolution and riot. In spite of the earnest efforts of the American-Mexican Commission, it seems that the time of peace has not yet fully come. When order is restored there are indications that a time of awakening will come such as Mexico has never k.nown. Already many of the people are eager for better things.

It may be that the leaders of the United States and of Mexico will not find the way of peace until they have exhausted the resources of war. It is to be hoped, however, that saner councils will pre-

vail. One effort in this direction was made by Manuel Rojas, Director of the National. Library in Mexico City, and other prominent Mexi- cans, together with representatives of the Peace Societies and social interests, in the formation of the Mexican-American League, with the following aims: To help bring about a new and constructive era 6f friendship between the people of Mexico and of the United States; to interpret and promote joint negotiations between the two governments with respect to border control and all other questions of public policy; to promote common understanding between the peoples of the two coun- tries, by giving publicity to the facts about Mexico and American rela- tions with the Mexican people; to secure an exchange of teachers and students, and to encourage the American universities and colleges to grant scholarships to Mexican students; to promote industrial and agri- cultural education in Mexico, and institutions for the training of com- petent teachers and leaders. .

This league has endeavored to increase confidence in the present de facto government in Mexico by calling attention to the social and economic reforms instituted by the Carranza government. The first decree issued by Carranza was one returning to the Indians the com- munallands of which they had been dispossessed. In the various states new agrarian laws now establish small land-holders, re-value properties condemned and purchased at a just value, and levy equitable taxes. One of the next steps was the restoration of free municipalities. Most of the states have passed labor laws establishing the eight-hour day and the forty-four-hour week, with a minimum wage and boards of con- ciliation and arbitration. Children under sixteen are not allowed to work in factories. In "many stat~s" the sale of alcoholic drinks has been repressed, and "in the whole of the republic bull-fights and cock- fights have been supplanted by popular games such as baseball, pelota, etc." It is asserted that there are twenty times as many schools as in the last term of Diaz, and Carranza has sent 500 school-teachers to the United States to learn modern methods.

Many Christians in the United States are firmly convinced that the most efficient and inexpensive army for the pacification of Mexico would be "a force of educators, teachers, doctors and sanitary engineers, farmers and agricultural experts, who will volunteer for terms of two or three years in the spirit of service such as we rendered Cuba at her time of crisis." An open letter issued by the Peace Committee of the Phila- delphia yearly meeting of Friends urges the press "not only to exert their power in supplying trustworthy information about Mexico, but also to take their true place in guiding the thought of America and the world along constructive lines of international service and good-will."

The Latin American Congress in Panama last February marked the beginning of a new era for South America. The remarkable "find- ings" of the regional conferences will be published in our February number. They are worthy of notice.

THE VAR HINDER MISSIONS?

T HIS question ought to be frankly faced, for it indicates an attitude toward which many seem to be drifting. Some considerations would seem to suggest holding in abeyance any aggressive missionary effort.

It is claimed that in these days of emergency every dollar of philanthropy not absolutely required for the maintenance of existing work should be diverted to the relief of physical distress occasioned by the war. But is it true that our Western world has reached the point where it must deal with its philanthropic activities in terms of mutually exclusive alternatives? Do the amounts contributed from America to Europe's need measure the limits of philanthropic duty or ability? The price of war to Great Britain alone is $7,444,000,000. Is a hundredth part of that amount a fair thank offering for an equally wealthy nation to give as the expression of its appreciation of peace? The appeal of Europe's need has brought considerable response, but this appeal has been to a wide constituency, unmoved in the past by special missionary motives, so that the loyal supporters of the missionary movement may still carry their peculiar obligations toward an enlarged missionary op-, portunity.

Some have interpreted events as barring the way to missionary effort. Is not Turkey inaccessible? Is not Persia in political upheaval? Are not the Armenians hopelessly scattered and disorganized? But do these facts spell retardation in missionary effort or only such readjustments of method as the temporary situation requires? This determination of courageous workers to "hold fast" in war-swept areas will yield rich values when the days of reconstruction come. But should there not also be a missionary preparation for a forward movement after the war?

It has also been urged that the very fact of war within Christendom is such a reproach that aggressive missionary effort may well await the rolling away of this reproach to Christianity by the cessation of war. A missionary among Moslems was asked recently, "How do you meet the reproach caused by war between Christian nations?" His reply showed that the very conception of war being a reproach was a Christian conception, the result of Christ's higher standards of love, 'and that to the Moslem no inconsistency or moral lapse was suggested by the war. If there be reproach, however, it is a reproach against man's application of the Gospel, not against Christianity or Christ. In the missiona ry propaganda we preach Him, not the virtues of Western nations; His teachings, not om! imperfect obedience to these teachings; Christianity, not vVestern civilization. If the Christian Church is to

wait until the reproach of warfare has been securely rolled away, how long shall she have to wait for the proclamation of the Gospel? The prophecies of our Lord do not identify the era of evangelism with some millennial era of peace, but urge the more zealous proclamation of truth in the very proportion in which existing conditions may belie the truth.

Has political uncertainty as to the future of the Near East suggested the temporary arrest of missionary activities and plans? It is true that the war has forced us to face at least the following contingencies as to political rule in the Near East: political control by Turkey, Germany, Russia, France or England. Would any of these mark the end of Christian missionary effort? There might be difficulties, such as the requiring of the language of the nation in power in all schools where a foreign language is taught. But, whatever the political rule and its regulations, excluding, of course, the (incredible) exclusion of all missionaries, is it to be supposed that the Church of Jesus Christ will consent to abandon her missionary work and deny to her Lord the obedience He demands to His great commission?

A CHALLENGE TO ADVANCE BUT weightier and more numerous facts challenge the Church to a forward missionary movement in the Near East. Look at the political debacle within Islam. Within a few decades, a series of divine providences, operating in the Near East, has brought about an almost complete overthrow of Moslem political power. In the past, Moslem political prohibitions have severely checked the desired extension of missionary operations in Moslem lands. Even when missionary effort was permitted, the fruitage of that work has been blighted or obscured by political penalties. Witness now the lands that have passed from beneath Moslem political domination within the past eight decades: Greece, Servia, Algeria, Montenegro, Bulgaria, Rumania, Cyprus, Tunisia, Crete, Egypt, Tripoli, Morocco, and now parts of Arabia and Persia. Do not such political upheavals challenge a forward movement which the Church should even now undertake?

Paralleling these external providences in the political sphere, there are most significant activities of the Holy Spirit moving upon the heart of Islam. Back of political prohibition, every missionary to Moslems has found religious fanaticism and hostility acting as a barrier to the progress of the Gospel within Islam. Reliable reports, however, bespeak a change in the attitude of Islam. A missionary in Egypt expresses it thus: "In days gone by we sought to gain a hearing and were refused. Now it is as if the Moslem himself were seizing the missionary by the coat, saying, 'What was it you used to want to tell us ? We want to have it explained.' "

A missionary from Turkey says that "eighty per cent of the Mos-

COMMENT

lems of Turkey are in sympathy with the missionaries, and are wholly opposed to the present Turkish administration."

The spirit of inquiry is also manifest in the number of Moslem children crowding to mission schools. Social customs in which Islam's ideals were entrenched are passing away. There is a fast-growing public press, which moves, for the most part, in the direction of Western ideals. These facts are full of significance. A new day is dawning, ushered in by the invisible yet irresistible operations of the Spirit of God upon the heart and life of Islam. Where God is and works, shall not His followers keep step with Him?

How, then, may we keep step with God? First, there should be the most determined holding on to every strategic position now occupied, the most insistent maintenance of every missionary activity in operation before the war.

Second, there is a clear call to missionary preparedness. A forward movement of unprecedented seriousness and commensurate with the need must be planned now for the evangelization of the world, if the opportunity impending at the close of the war is to be seized. This calls for the thrusting out of new missionaries who may put the present to good use in the study of the languages of their prospective fields, at suitable and secure centers. The Boards and Societies will gain from conferences both at home and on the field. Thus will each agency become enriched by the other's experience, and they will stimulate each other to worthier effort.

Above all, they will be able to do what has not yet been attempted in the history of missions in the Near East-align their forces and plan for a concerted and co-operative missionary effort. Especially is there need for conferences for prayer.. Fresh discoveries of spiritual power are imperative for the accomplishment of the task. A Christian consciousness of God and of His will must be experienced, which will produce, on higher and worthier spiritual levels, something of the passion and devotion which characterized the fiery apostles of Islam's fai~h in the bright morning of its early extension from Asia to Africa and from Africa to Europe.

JAPAN AND AMERICA-FRIENDS F OR more than half a century there was nothing but good will and friendship between Japan and the United States. But for ten years there has been growing up in each land a small body of men who have felt and fomented distrust, and there have been times when these men were able to communicate their distrust so that large sections of the press and many of the people began to fear that the two nations might even drift into war against all their best interests and true desires. How can we preserve fellowship and right understanding between the United States and Japan?

I. By resolutely determining both in Japan and in America that

we will preserve it, and that we will keep our heads and not be coerced by any circulllstances. There are some, like Congressman lVlann, who decl~re that destiny will bring on a conAict between the two nations. Destiny will set llS at each other's throats! But what is "destiny"? Is it the God of Peace, who made all mankind of one blood, to live as brothers on the earth? Is it our own wills? vVhy do we need to surrender to our own deeds? Why not will that we will not drift into the madness of hate and war? vVe do not need to be slaves to our own stupidity. We can will to be rational and to deal justly and to preserve friendship. The Japanese also can will this. We can tell each other, and all the marplots and weak-wills who think that men cannot restrain their injustice, that we mean to have peace.

2. By believing good and not evil about each other. We can begin by believing and saying both in Japan and in America that the honest and earnest people of each land want only peace and friendship. Judge Elbert H. Gary, who was recently in Japan, was a true messenger there and is a true messenger in America. At St. Louis in October he said: "I said repeatedly (in Japan) that a large majority of the people of the United States did not desire, but would deplore and stubbornly oppose, war with Japan, except in self-defense, and that they were of the opinion there is not now nor will be any cause for serious trouble or disagreement; that there need be no conflict of opinion which could not be finally and satisfactorily settled by mutual negotiation and consideration. I also expressed the belief that our Governmental Administration is and would be inclined toward this most desirable exercise of authority.

"And now I am here to say in words just as emphatic and in a belief no less absolute that the leading and controlling men of Japan are equally anxious to have a continuance, permanently, of the peaceable and friendly relations now existing between these two countries. That there may be exceptions may go without saying; it would be usual, and need excite no surprise nor fear if such is the fact. . . . The most prominent and influential men in Japan are outspoken in their profession of friendship toward the United States."

This is the way all responsible men should talk about our relations to Japan.

3. By acting justly in each land toward citizens of the other, the Japanese treating Americans justly in Japan and Americans treating J apanese justly in America. All we need to do is to do right. And we need to do right for our own sake. It will profit us nothing to try to benefit ourselves by wrongdoing. It cannot be done. What is right is a question to be considered calmly and without prejudice; but the problem of the rights of Japanese in California to own property, their right to acquire citizenship, their right of justly regulated admission to the United States, is a problem to be considered without racial prejudice or bigotry and on the basis of moral and economic justice to both Japanese and Americans.

4. By judging each other as we ourselves are willing to be judged. The trouble is that countless people apply one standard to themselves and to their own actions and another standard to the Orient. Conduct which we justify or excuse in a Western nation we reprehend in an Eastern. But

there are not two moral laws, one east and the other west, of Suez. Japanese and American conduct should be judged by the same laws, and whatever allowance is expected for one should be conceded to the other.

5. By each crediting the best in the other. We are accustomed to live up to other people's expectation of us. If they believe the highest of us we are uplifted to justify their judgment. If they think meanly of us we can too easily drop down to the level of their estimate. Americans can believe the best about Japan and see in and for Japan her own noblest possibilities. That is the best way to help Japan to be her best self and to realize what, by the grace of God, she can become. And Japan can help Americans by believing the best about American desires and purposes in spite of all the worst that obtrudes itself.

6. By doing right toward the neighboring nations, America toward Mexico, and Japan toward China. Any sinuous or insincere or selfish activity by either nation is injurious to good will and right understanding. If Japan or the United States is not ingenuous and generous and fair toward the nations nearest, each will suspect that the other may have the same disposition secretly-America toward Japan, and Japan toward America.

7. By carrying out the recommendation of the gathering of friends of Japan and China which met in N ew York in September (referred to in the November REVIEW), and which voted to ask the President of the United States "to recommend to Congress the creation of a non-partisan commission, of not less than five members, whose duty it shall be to study the entire problem of relations of America with Japan and with China, and further to recommend to Congress that it invite the government of China and the government of Japan each to appoint a similar commission," the American commission to meet the commissions of China and Japan in their respective countries.

8. Lastly, friends in the United States can help by showing kindness and courtesy to all Japanese visiting or living in America and by increasing the number of Christian men and women who go out to live in Japan to commend Christianity to the Japanese as the one religion which proclaims a God and Father of us all and which can make all nations one in the fellowship of Christ.

THE CALL TO NORTH AMERICA SOME outstanding characteristics of the year in North America have been the financial prosperity, the high prices and the unrest due to Mexican troubles and diplomatic controversies with European governments. The Christian forces have continued their usual work and gifts to European sufferers have been increasing. Hundre,ds of young men have gone to the Mexican border and to camps in Europe and Asia to work for the soldiers and prisoners. The Laymen's Missionary Movement has celebrated its tenth anniversary by over seventy conventions with an aggregate enrollment of over 100,000 men. They are planning a series of anniversary dinners for 19 I 7 to touch the

main centers in all parts of the United States. Most of the missionary boards report for last year increased gifts to missions, many of them having been able to wipe out entirely the past deficits. The total foreign mission receipts reported by one hundred and thirty societies in the United States was $24,688,728, and for sixteen Canadian societies was $1,266,040. This is an advance on last year.

N ever was there greater need for consecrated lives, for prayer, for sacrificial giving, for earnest study of the world from God's viewpoint. Pulpits should ring with the missionary call and hearts should be stirred by the accounts of the wonder-working of God's Grace. Unprecedented opportunities promise to follow the proclamation of peace and Christians must be ready to take advantage of them. Half a million teachers are needed for the new primary schools in India. Shall they be Christian or non-Christian? China needs 50,000 physicians. Christians have an opportunity to train them. Moslems have lost faith in their Caliph and the solidarity of Islam is broken. Peace will bring unheard-of opportunities to reach 200,000,000 Mohammedans. The great conflict for the possession of Africa for Mohammed or Christ calls for a whole-hearted advance "on our knees." Mexico and South America are to be occupied with a statesmanlike policy. Churches are beginning to realize the necessity for closer cooperation and for the kind of sacrifice that has characterized Europe during the war. Now is the time for the Church of Christ to prepare for an onward movement, giving largely of men and money, but relying not on these physical forces, but on the spirit of God moving with the hearts of men.

THE BRITISH MISSIONARY STATISTICS WE have inserted in this number a statistical table giving the figures for British Foreign Missions for the year 19 I 5-I 9 I 6. It has been a difficult task to gather these during the disturbed times in Europe. The same omnipresent reason-the war-has made it impossible to collect and tabulate the statistics for the continent of Europe. Letters of inquiry are not answered.

Many of the British societies have failed to respond with their statistics, so that in the case of 16 societies we have been obliged to have recourse to the latest figures available. The result is not entirely satisfactory, but since the leading societies have courteously furnished the desired information, the totals are approximately correct.

It will be noted that in spite of the heavy drain caused by the war the decrease of income in British societies has been only about onetenth. There has been a natural falling off in the number of male missionaries, but the number of adult converts reported by English societies as baptized during the year has increased from 42,966 to 48,580-or over ten per cent. Pupils in mission schools have also increased from 117,497 to 464,499. The table is worthy of study. When peace again reigns there is hope that complete and contemporary statistics may again be secured from all the continental societies.

Fifty Years Ago, and

BY EUGENE STOCK, D.C.L., LONDON, ENGLAND Dr. Stock was fOl' many years the efficient secretary of the Clzurcli Mission- ary Society of England. He fIGs placed all in his debt by his four volumes on tlte History of tlte Churclt klissionary Society and by his other writings. His view of the contrasts noted in fifty years is worth reading.-EDIToR.

I N endeavoring to indicate the changes in the missionary situation in the past half-century, I must confine myself mainly to Great Britain and British Missions.

1. CHANGES IN TIlE POSITION ABROAD AND AT HOME Fifty years ago takes us back into the middle of the sixties; and a better period could not be chosen for comparison with the present time. If we went farther back a few years, we should come to an era of great animation and advance. It will be remembered that Dr. A. T. Pierson used to refer to 1858 as the annus mirabilis of the century. I will not now stop to show why he chose that date. I will follow my instructions, and come at once to the next decade.

Now the sixties were, on the whole, a period of disaster, of discouragement, of decadence. This was emphatically the case in Africa. In the "Vest, the promising Yoruba Missions were suspended, the agents being expelled; and the Basel men in Ashanti were seized and imprisoned. So were the missionaries to the Jews in Abyssinia. On the East Coast, Ludwig Krapf's great schemes of advance into the interior had come to nought, and the "fort" was "held" by one German, John Rebmann. Livingstone's plans for the Nyasa district failed in the early years of the decade, and in the later years the great traveler was lost, until Stanley found him almost broken-hearted at the horrors of the still rampant Arab slave-trade. In the South, the Kafir wars, the gold fever, the Colenso controversy, caused confusion, and the London Missionary Society's Missions faced disaster and defeat. And let it be remembered that not a single one of the present great Missions in Central Africa had yet been born or thought of.

In Asia there was less of disaster, but much slowness. In the Turkish Empire, the hopes enkindled after the Crimean War had not been fulfilled. Persia was not yet really open. In Japan, Christianity was still prohibited. The great days of Korea were in the future. China had been devastated by the Tai-ping Rebellion, which had much impeded the Missions. They had, in fact, not yet advanced beyond the maritime provinces; and the China Inland Mission only started its great pioneer work at the end of the period. In Malaysia the work

was in its early stages. So it was in Burma, despite Judson's heroic carcer; while in Ceylon there was actual retrogression.

India, on the other hand, ought to have presented a different scene. For never at any other time has there been such a noble band of fearless Christian men among the British rulers and administrators. It was the age of John Lawrence, Robert Montgomery, Donald McLeod, Herbert Edwardes, Bartle Frere, William Muir, and a host of likeminded men under them. While entirely loyal to the just neutrality of the Government, they knew well that Hindus and Mohammedans alike accord special confidence and respect to rulers who are not ashamed of their own religion and who desire to see it spreading in legitimate ways. They were the cordial supporters of Missions, and would have welcomed unlimited re-enforcements for the gospel enterprise. When the first of aU the United Missionary Conferences in India was held at Lahore, in 1863, the civil and military officers present actually outnumbered the missionaries. But the re-enforcements failed to appear. The missionary recruits sent to India in the sixties by some of the larger societies were in number only half those sent in the fifties. And America was crippled by the Civil War.

In fact, the only Missions that presented a really bright outlook at the time were Madagascar, where the great revival was in full swing, and some parts of the South Seas, where it was the period of Patteson and Paton. It was a discouraging time also at home. Henry Venn, the great C. M. S. director, said in 1865 that missionary interest and zeal had distinctly retrograded. R. W. Dale, the distinguished Congregationalist, used similar language. It was even proposed to drop the evening meetings at some of the anniversaries because so few attended them. Some of the larger societies had actually fewer missionaries on their staffs in 1870 than they had in 1860. This was the more remarkable because it followed immediately on a memorable season of religious awakening. The revival in America in 1858 was succeeded by that in Ireland in 1859, whence it spread to England in 1860. Indeed, even before that, there was a marked increase of life and energy in home mission work. But the result apparently was that Christian effort was for a time so absorbed in the new philanthropic and evangelistic schemes that Foreign Missions secured less attention. Moreover, that decade was a time of bitter controversy, political and religious, which drew away the thoughts of good men from the needs of Africa and Asia. However, I must admit that these controversies continued with no less acuteness into the last quarter of the century, and yet that quarter was a period of unprecedented missionary extension. Moreover, the home missi on and revival movements of the seventies and eighties (including the great Moody and Sankey campaign) did not hinder but rather helped that extension. The causes of the difference I do not pretend to explain.

But observe the startling changes in the world of Missions as we

FIFTY YEARS AGO, AND NOW

see it to-day. lfrica, north, south, east and west, is mapped out among the missionary societies. The Nile, the Niger, the Congo, the Zambesi, and the great Lakes Nyasa, Tanganyika, Victoria Nyan;r,a, are now the familiar fields of large and growing Missions. Khartum, where Gordon fell, and IIala, where Livingstone was found dead on his knees, are in the heart of wide regions now frequently traversed by the messengers of Christ. The division of the Dark Continent among the European Powers has not hindered missionary progress, and indeed in some ways has helped it. Passing to Asia, Arabia and Persia have failed to shut out the Gospel. In China, only sixteen years ago, missionaries and native Christians were massacred wholesale; and now, in everyone of the provinces, the preacher of Christ finds a cordial welcome. Both China and Japan have witnessed the rise of powerful native churches. Korea is the marvel of Missions. In India, medical and educational Missions have developed at a rate no one could foresee, and the mass movements of the low-caste and out-caste populations are bringing tens of thousands into the Church of Christ. New Guinea is a young and hopeful field. South America, the "Neglected Continent," is engaging a large share of the sympathies of the Christian world. Perhaps the most conspicuous change everywhere, and really the most fruitful of all developments, is the immense increase of women's work. 'Vomen in the missionary ranks now far exceed the men in number; and one-half of the population of the globe has a new chance of hearing the message of salvation.

Not less important are the changes at the home base. No longer is the advocacy of the cause left to the ministers of religion and their wives and a few godly spinsters. The young men, the young women, the still younger people, are enthused. Even business laymen, the hardest of all to reach, are beginning to see that the evangelization of the world is the primary duty of the Church. Summer schools, study bands, missionary exhibitions, unions and guilds of all sorts, are multiplying, and spreading the knowledge of the work in all directions.' The largest public halls are crowded, not to hear eloquent orations, but to receive plain and unadorned accounts of practical work done, or to bid farewell, with prayer and simple addresses, to brothers and sisters either returning to the field or going out for the first time.

II. CHANGES IN THE PROBLEMS In the early stages of the enterprise the work was comparatively simple. Even in the sixties it was quite of an elementary type in the large majority of the mission fields. But the great extension and development of Missions in the past fifty years has brought many problems to the front which have in our own day been freshly and diligently studied. It is widely felt that there is such a thing as a Science of Missions, which should be at least recognized and as far as possible mas-

tered, both by those who administer the enterprise and by those actually engaged in it. For instance, the increased interest taken in the whole subject of what is called Comparative Religion has exercised much in- fluence in Christian circles. It is realized that the non-Christian world must not be thought of as consisting in the main of hordes of ignorant barbarians; that missionaries need to study the religions of the people among whom they work, in regard both to the origins and histories of the religions and to their practical influence on the lives of their votaries. N at only in such great non-Christian systems as Brahmanism and Budd- hism and Islam, but even in the folk-lore and superstitions of uncivilized tribes speaking unwritten languages, there may be fragments of divine truth embedded. Perhaps there is a tendency now to press this consid- eration too far. After all, our work is not so much to compare our faith with other faiths and to prove that it is the best of them, as to set forth a Person, a Divine Person, who is by right our King, and who is ready to be our Saviour and our Friend. Our business is not to prove Christianity but to proclaim Christ. Where is there a rival to Him? However good other religions may be, we have a direct message from God to deliver, the revelation of incomparable blessing freely offered to all men. At the same time, we do need to remember that the races of mankind differ widely, not only in external environment but in the char- acter and tendencies of their minds, and that everyone of them may have a real contribution to make both to theological science and to spiritual experience. So it is rightly felt that the open-minded study of their religious beliefs is a good thing, provided that we do not forget the uniqueness of the Gospel.

Then, in the actual work of Missions, the question is raised as to which of two principles should govern their plans, diffusion or concen- tration. The extensive inquiries of the Commissions that prepared the way for the World Conference at Edinburgh revealed wide differences of opinion 0.0 this point; but the conclusion was thereby suggested that circwnstances alter cases, and that both principles are good, in different fields and at different times. Certainly the history of Missions supplies good arguments for both. Diffusion has justified itself in the story of the China Inland Mission; and concentration has justified itself in the . splendid educational institutions of the United Free Church of Scotland in India.

Much more urgent and important are the many questions touching the organization and development of the native Church, questions which could not arise in the early stages of missionary effort. Here the prob- lems are manifold. Different fields differ entirely. Great independent nations like the Chinese and the Japanese cannot be treated like the remnants of once warlike races in countries dominated by white colonists, as in New Zealand or Northwest Canada. South Africa, where the subject native tribes exceed their white rulers in number, has grave prob- lems of its own. So has India, on a much larger scale, and more com-

plicated. In Moslem lands, like Egypt and Persia, where converts come out one by one, the native church question is quite different from that presented in the districts of Tndia where the mass movements are bringing tens of thousands into the churches. But one conclusion is now pretty generally accepted, that the old system of a settlement of native Christians under the mild despotism of the missionary could only be suitable in the stages which most Missions have now passed. That system was effectively worked by the fine old German missionaries once so prominent j but it is now recognized that the Christians must be thrown more and more upon their own resources, and trusted more generously to manage their own affairs. Yet even when this is done, the further question arises, 'Vhat is the relation of the Mission to the Church? Are they to work on side by side in the same area but mutually independent? If not, and if the Church is not to be subordinated to the Mission, in what way can the Mission be best associated with the Church? Again, native church organization involves denominational questions. llissions that pride themselves on being "unsectarian" find little difficulty while they are merely preaching to non-Christians j but as soon as they.gain converts, and desire to teach them to worship God, to give their children Christian instruction, to manage their church affairs, differences are inevitable, and may become very acute. Anglicans, Presbyterians, Methodists, Congregationalists, have each their own difficulties to surmount, their own problems to solve.

Meanwhile, the question has been raised in recent years, Is it a matter of congratulation that missionary societies are so numerous? Would not an organized army-or, as in the case of allies in a great war, three or four organized armies working in partial concert-be more effective than a hundred regiments marching and fighting quite separately and under independent commands? Ought not, for instance, the various Presbyterian or Methodist or Anglican Missions to be at least combined under their own flags respectively? And, when that is done, cannot there be further such intercommunication between the different groups as may promote the practical unity of the great campaign? Some would go even further than this and aim at intercommunion, a totally different thing j and some would plead for nothing short of complete organic union, urging that nothing short of that can be the oneness which our Lord said would induce the world to believe in His divine mission.

III. CHANGES IN PUBLIC OPINION Perhaps a single illustration of what I may call newspaper opinion nearly half a century ago may help us to realize the changes in this respect. In 1872, only forty-four years ago, the Anglican Archbishops, conscious of that very depression and decadence to which I have alluded above, proposed a Day of Intercession for Missions, to be observed

throughout the Church of England and its sister and daughter churches. When the day came, the Times, in a leading article, cast scorn and contempt on the plan, expressing surprise that so many simple souls could be found to join in so useless and fatuous an observance, and doubt as to the very existence of any number of missionaries or converts. "An ordinary Englishman," it said, "has seen almost every human or brute native of foreign climes, but few can say that they have seen a missionary or a Christian convert I"

It is amazing that such an article should have appeared in I872; but it is good to be quite sure that it could not appear now. When the Church Missionary Society celebrated its centenary in 1899, the Times' comment was very different. For one thing, it went to the root of the matter by acknowledging that men who ask what is the good of Missions "display a strange blindness to the real character of the Christian religion"; and it reminded doubters that the particular society in question was "a civilizing and informing power, which would be still more powerful if the lives of most Englishmen abroad conformed more closely to the conventions of the Englishman at home." Of course, there are still papers of the less reputable sort which occasionally display their ignorance in similar ways; and there are still men like Sir Hiram Maxim, who affirmed, so late as I9IO, that missionaries had done "an infinite amount of harm in China without making a single convert," and that "they were, and always had been,- the greatest liars on the face of the earth." But this does not represent intelligent public opinion. As regards China, the Boxer massacres of I900, when thousands of converts faced torture and death rather than deny Christ, satisfied the average journalist; and Dr. Morrison, the Times correspondent at Peking, declared at a meeting of the Authors' Club in 1910 that "the more he saw of the missionary work in China the more he admired it." When members of the British Cabinet, like Mr. Winston Churchill and Mr. Herbert Samuel, publicly praised the Uganda they had seen with their own eyes, and when a greater man than they, Colonel Roosevelt himself, told the Daily Telegraph that the results he had seen there were "astounding"; when the Commission appointed to inquire into the so-called "Black Peril" in South Africa reported in 1912 strongly in favor of missionary work, which, they said, was exercising "an enormous influence for good," and when Viscount Gladstone in 19 I 5 declared that "missionary effort was the greatest possible help to the civil government," they did but put into words what the vast majority of thinking men do not now dare to dispute.

Nevertheless, while opinion has changed for the better, I cannot say that the more vigorous action which should naturally issue from it is very conspicuous. Both our ministers and our laymen need to take up the words of Shecaniah to Ezra, and say them mutually to one another: "Arise; for this matter belongeth unto thee: we also will be with thee: be of good courage, and do it."

in Foreign

BY DWIGHT II. DAY, NEW YORK The treasurer 0/ the Presbyterian Bomod of Foreign Missions, U. S. A., Itas recently returned from a 'Very interesting tour in Asia and reports tlte result.-EDITOR.

"TELL your countrymen that what we need is an increase in the number of men who will sacrifice for China. Tell the friends there, please, to have patience with us. The leaven has been put into the flour; progress will continue to be made. We thank the good friends in America for what they have done, and in due time these friends will see the results."

Dr. Seng, of the University of Nanking (China), thus expressed the gratitude of the Chinese for what American Christians are doing for his people, and pleaded for their confidence and help to be continued.

CHINA'S PRIMARY NEED An overpowering need and an unrivalled opportunity to meet the need has lately developed in Shantung province, North China. Here is a population of thirty million people, and eighty-one out of one hundred and sixteen walled cities are without any missionary resident. In many of these cities there are just now large brick or stone pawn-shops for sale. Changed economic conditions have made the business of the pawnbrokers unprofitable, and these warehouses can be purchased for about five thousand dollars and easily transformed into centers each containing an auditorium, chapel, guest rooms, school rooms for day and night schools, etc. In charge of each such center will be placed one of the strong young leaders of the Chinese Church, who will have not only the responsibility for all the work in the walled city radiating from this central lighthouse, but also for the surrounding country district. Such an institution will at once command the respect and interest of the gentry who are not apt to pay much heed to an insignificant street or country chapel (any more than the well-to-do at home would, to the unpromising quarters of a strange sect), and would establish at the start the pastor in charge on a substantial basis. It is estimated that five hundred dollars a year for running expenses would need to be provided until the center can be made self-supporting. Thus $5,000, and $500 a year for, say, five years, would compass the following: I. It would occupy strategic centers. Formerly the cities have been most difficult of approach. N ow they are thrown wide open, so that evangelistic work, hereafter, must not be prosecuted so exclusively in the country districts.

2. It furnishes an attractive field for able Chinese leaders. With

an inspiring program planned, doubtless all the men that will be needed as leaders will become available.

3. The plan makes use of available resources and looks forward to a new and permanent method of work.

4. It promises Chinese and foreign co-operation, giving the Chinese the positions of evangelistic prominence while the mission retains a directing influence.

s. It eliminates the idea that a foreign church is being foisted upon China, which impression is a serious drawback. 6. It is commended by its plan of approach. Bible preaching and teaching is to be supplemented by lectures, schools, woman's work, medi- cal work and the Young Men's Christian Associ- ation, thus opening many different avenues to mind and heart. 7. The project has passed the experimental stage, for already there are three men at work in three different cities, with splendid results to show. 1t would be difficult to find an investment in foreign mISSlOns that combines so many attrac- tions and impelling con- siderations.

OUR P HTLIPPINE WARDS No patriotic American can visit the Philippine Islands without feeling a pride in the achieve- ments of his country there. Stable govern- ment, good roads, sani- INTEREST OX THE PHILIPPINES' INVESTMENT tation, schools, all bear Three teachers and Salvador, a young Mora boy. in the Silljman Institute. testimony to a piece of All the members of his family were murdered in a tribal fight.

colon i a I development that has no rival. But Protestant Christians cannot but ask anxiously, "What is being done to lead the young life of the islands to God?"

Christian missions must supply what the Government fails to supply, and so there is Silliman Institute at Dumaguete, in the province of Oriental N egros-a big school of seven hundred boys, "a fountain of living waters," for the islands. Three hundred boys were turned away last

IN FOREIGN

year because of the lack of accommodations. A new dormitory is needed, to cost $ r 5 ,000; a Science Hall, to cost $ r 5,000, and other buildings and equipment totaling $roo,ooo. The Filipinos will give one-half the money, and they look to this country, their rich friend, to help them with the other half. Aguinaldo's son is there, and the future leaders of the islands are coming from this, their most famous school. Are we going to give these leaders the Christian training we know they require if they are to be true leaders?

IN THE KINGDOM OF SIAM One thousand dollars a year will put a missionary into evangelistic work in Siam, where the present force is entirely inadequate to bring the Gospel to the 8,000,000 people of the country. Up to this time there has been no missionary free to preach in the great heathen city of Bangkok, the capital of the country, where 800,000 Siamese and Chinese are living in spiritual blindness.

Fifty dollars will suffice in most fields to support a child in a mission school for an entire year, lifting him out of ignorance and neglect into the light and hope. of an expanding mind and into the happiness produced by kind treatment. And who can fix limits to the possibilities for such rescued lives? Anyone of them may grow to be a true leader for his people, as many a one has become, and all take their places in the life of the nation, to leaven it with good.

In the Laos country of Northern Siam, at the old capital of Chieng Mai, is located the Prince Royal's College, where, under Christian auspices, the promising youth of the north are being trained. Here are boys of all classes and conditions, from the humblest to the sons of the governors, or chows. Any investment in this Christian college will be an investment in life, to be released among the Siamese people long held in the deadening influences of Buddhism and Animistic superstition. The boys take entire charge of the buildings and grounds, and they expect to render valiant service in fighting the floods from the Me Ping River when they threaten the compounds. From such material come the Boon Itts and the Komais, men who have lived powerful, Christ-filled lives among their people. In this college $100 will support a student for one year. $1,000 will support a missionary teacher for a year. $8,000 will build a college chapel and church edifice, very much needed.

Siam can be evangelized and our Lord's command be fulfilled at no distant day if the favored ones in Christian lands will invest their money and their prayers in the enterprise. One million dollars established as a fund for the evangelization of Siam will produce between $40,000 and $50,000 annually, a sum sufficient to warrant embarking upon an adequate plan not only for taking the gospel message throughout the limits of the country, but to permit the opening of one or two centers to the north, across the boundary in China, where the' mass of the popu-

lation, the Tai, are of the same race as the Siamese, and who understand the language and literature of the Laos people in the north. This great population to the north have scarcely been touched, but tricklings of Christianity have reached them and they have for several years been sending messages to missionaries in Laos to come over and help them into a knowledge of the truth. Insufficient funds have up to this time prevented answering this appealing call. What a chance for an Amer- ican to make possible the evangelization of the Tai race!

TRAINED LEADERS REQUIRED It has long .been recognized, of course, that foreign missionaries <'annat do the work necessary for the evangelization of the world. Most of the work must be done by the races themselves. Educated leaders must be raised up, to lead their own people, to shepherd them and teach them. Without these, Christianity can never spread widely, nor can it seem more than a foreign religion, led and supported by foreigners. Perha.ps the chief concern, therefore, of missionary administrators, es- pecially during recent years, has been to lay adequate plans for develop- ing men for the ministry worthy of the calling. Nothing is more important than to strengthen the schools for theological training. A young man in such a school in Osaka, Japan, said: "I love my native city of Osaka (which you Americans say is the Pittsburgh of Japan), and I want to study and train myself so that I may become a preacher-evangelist to my native city. It is my ambition to bring Osaka to Jesus Christ, and I do not care about anything but making Him known to my city." He made this statement in connection with a word of greeting to some visitors from the United States, and also took occasion to express the thanks of the students for books which had been sent out from America as a nucleus for a seminary library. Are not such students worth while? They realize the value of what they have in Christianity (as we in more favored circumstances often do not) , and they are anxious not only to enter the Christian ministry but to make sacrifices in it and for it. No American Christian can make even a casual study of the possibilities for good bound up with the future of the Japanese people without having at the same time the deepest longings that Japanese leadership shall be truly Christian.

One hundred dollars would enable a student to take a year's study in the Osaka School. Five hundred dollars would greatly strengthen the school in its teaching staff and equipment. Some young men will not be able to take the course because they cannot afford it, and they will drift into business or into government service. Or perhaps some Japanese professor in the school will be compelled to seek other teaching work because he cannot live on the salary which the theological school is able to pay.

SOME EXCEPTIONAL ITEMS One thousand dollars will put a missionary, qualified in accounting, on the field to take charge of the treasury work and financial matters

IN FOREIGN

SOME RETURNS FROM THE MISSIONARY INVESTMENT IN CHINA Chri.'it ian young men in front of a walled city, lined up t o send a message back, to America by their visito rs of a big mission, thus setting free for preaching, teaching or medical work other missionaries who went out to do the latter and who are not qualijied for the more technical duties of a field treasurer. Any man at home making such an investment as a foreign mission contribution may well feel he is aiding the work of world evangelization in a most effective way.

Here is a chance for investment that would increase the capacity of a hard-working young missionary in Japan about threefold: "If yon see anybody who has an antomobile, small size, who wants to put it to the very best use in the world, tell him to send it to me. I have fourteen preaching places, covering a thousand square miles of territory, and want to open more, but can't do it till I get a better way of locomotion than a bicycle. An auto would be fine in this territory."

Every American may not know with what sus- picion and even hatred the United States is re- garded by the average Latin – American. The small number who know our missIOnaries, of course, have learned that our people have no thought of aggression ONE RESULT OF FINANCIAL INVESTMENT IN CHINA against any of the coun- Crowds of Chinese and Robert E. Speer looking at arailway wreck outgide tries to the south of us, Peking but they are almost a negligible part of the total population. Any increase in the work and power of evangelical Christianity tends by just so much to dispel this suspicion and to promote fraternal relations. Therefore, to strengthen the missions and missionaries in their work, aids directly in promoting good relations between the United States and her sister American Re- publics. Any amount invested in well-organized mission work in Latin- America, from $25 for a child in a mission school to $500 for increas- ing the evangelistic work in a district, will be most opportune.

While everybody has not made unusual profits during the past year in the United States, a great many Christian people have prospered ex- ceptionally, and the call comes to them with great force just now from our needy brothers in other lands. If Americans (as citizens 'of the United States are called all over the world) could but realize how Ori- ental nations are looking to them for help, material and moral; how they regard the United States as their champion, and as the home of those who love them, and are willing to do for them, their pleasure and pride in the imputation would lead them to live up to it. '

It is still true, as it was in Christ's time, that where a man's treas- ure is there will his heart be also, and if a man invests part of his treas- ure in the mission field abroad his heart will grow with a love for the brothers struggling there and waiting for the light.

in the Church

THE OPINIONS OF LEADING LAYMEN AS TO THE VALUE AND PLACE OF MISSIONARY SERMONS AND MISSIONARY EFFORT IN THE HOME CHURCH The editor rl!Cenlly wrote 10 prominent laymen in various denominations, asking their view.! on the objections, sometimes heard, that churches cannot afford to give to foreign 'work and that the members do not like to hear mis- sionaries and mis.!ionary sermons. The fol/o'wing statements are taken from the replies received.

By R. A. Doan, Cincinnati, Ohio After more than twenty years of business life I can truthfully say that the missionary addresses in the local churches I have attended have been the greatest inspiration of my life. I can conceive of no church do- ing a work which is worth while without frequently having the call to the missionary program sounded from the pulpit. Nothing has spurred me to a deeper spiritual life as an inspiring missionary address showing the need of the world for our Christ. Let me say, with all the positiveness at my command, that I do not believe missions can be emphasized too much from the local pulpit. I say this not primarily because of the good it will do the cause of Missions, although that is great, but because the people themselves need that kind of an outlook for their own spiritual upbuilding.

By lFiliiant f. Schielfelin, N e'w York (Schieffclin & Co., Druggists), Chairman of the Citizens' Union I think that once a month, both in the Sunday-school and in the pulpit, the missionary cause should be presented in every church. Of course, the address should be made by a man who is an enthusiastic believer in the cause of Missions and who thinks that every Christian is in duty bound to obey the commands of Christ: .that we lift up our eyes and behold the field, and that we should pray that laborers should be thrust forth into the harvest, and that we should go to the uttermost parts of the earth so that all men should have the opportunity to become followers of Christ. In these days this must be proclaimed in order that life on this planet may be worth living.

By D. lV. M'cTl'illiams, Treasurer of the Aietropolitan Street Railway, New York My judgment is that the apathy and criticism and opposition to the subject of Missions in our congregation is to be overcome and removed by the aggressive education of the people in the presentation of the facts of the case, as we would do if we were overcoming opposition to any other subject and advocating the adoption of a progressive program.

If our pastor did not preach and speak on Missions and make them a great underlying subject of his pastorate, the men and women of his congregation would institute inquiries about his avoidance. thereof.

We approve having home and foreign missionaries at regular church services and at mid-week Irleetings, to present the subject in its most attractive way and form by the best of intelligent men and women.

Missions should be constantly presented to the public. Agitate, educate are the methods to impress on the people their responsibility for the unsaved world.

Our pastors' voices in advocacy of Missions have been heard throughout the world. As a result others are preaching the Gospel to the people, building churches, hospitals, schools and homes. Now William Carey need not preach seven years in India for his first convert, nor Moffat eleven years in Bechuanaland, and China no longer waits fifty years for its first fifty adherents. Converts in non-Christian worlds are now being added at the rate of one million in twelve years. Five thousand are now added in India each year and 3,000 each week III Korea.

By John T. Stone, Mary/mId Casualty Company, Baltimore The church to which I belong is now, and has always been, distinctly a missionary church. It was formerly the center of a parish, its membership living within close distances all around it. Through the inevitable changes of city life, the membership gradually moved away, and for a period of years a few faithful ones maintained the old church, at great inconvenience, partly for sentimental reasons and partly out of a conviction that the greater the need of the community the greater the reason for maintaining the church. A few years ago the situation again changed, and we now have a growing, virile, progressive church, made up to-day very largely of people who live close by and who have been brought first into the saving grace of our Lord Jesus Christ through the gateway of conversion and then into active membership in the church.

These facts are the best evidence that in our congregation, at least, the missionary spirit and the presentation of Foreign Missions, as well as Home Missions, has not only not been a chilling and deterrent influence, but, on the contrary, if it had not been that our old church has always maintained its emphasis upon Missions, it would have long since ceased to exist. We have proven, to our own satisfaction at least, that "the light that shines the farthest shines the brightest nearest home."

By James 1'0,;1. J'vlontgomery, Treasurer of Richard Young Company, New York I certainly desire our pastor to preach at least one or two sermons each year and also speak on Missions three or four times each year at the mid-week service.

I think it desirable to have Home and Foreign Mission speakers at the mid-week meetings at least three or four times each year, and especially just before the offerings are taken for the two fields. When missionaries are strong speakers, I believe they should speak at the morning service on Sunday.

IN THE CHURCH PROGRAM

There is only one way to make the members of the local church interested in Missions-by education. This can be done by the above methods, by circulating missionary literature and books, but most effectively by personal work on the part of those already interested.

Our pastor is thoroughly interested in Missions. I would suggest that churches increase their interest in Missions by having social meetings at which missionaries from various fields can personally come in contact with the members.

By Frank L Brown, Secretary of the World's Sunday School Association As a layman I have discovered that a pastor's intensive work depends for its quality and effectiveness upon his extensive view of Missions. He cannot focus without vision. As this is true likewise of the people he serves, I count it his greatest service if he gives us frequently missionary information, outlook and emphasis in the Sunday sermons and at the midweek prayer service. 'Ve are helped most by addresses by missionaries or by laymen who have either been to the field or who can give a layman's impression of the real import of Jiissions.

The other methods which have mostly helped our church's missionary enthusiasm have been the distribution of missionary literature, the support by societies and Sunday-school classes of special objects, and a missionary exhibit, running for several days, where the societies and classes show up, by dress, information and material, a particular field or piece of work, with two evenings given over to missionary stereopticon pictures, brief reports by societies and classes doing special work at home and abroad, and a rousing missionary address and missionary tableaux.

Most pastors do little businesslike, intelligent work in keeping Missions consecutively before the people in an educational way. They are satisfied if the missionary offering does not fall below last year, and do not adequately prepare the soil for a bigger harvest next year. In these days, when big things are happening everywhere in missionary work and the whole world is reachable if we have the method, men and means, this seems almost criminal.

By William L. Amerman, Holt & Co., New York Interest in missions, like interest in any other good cause, is developed by familiarity with the facts. The essentials are: An attractive presentation, a fair hearing. It is usually supposed that, to secure these, talks by outside speakers must be arranged for at Sunday and mid-week services. But often permanent impressions are made by the remarks of individual members of the congregation tactfully enlisted in presenting the topics of the monthly missionary meeting. Systematic circulation of missionary books has won over many a doubter.

The pastor who is building up missionary interest will not merely preach in behalf of missions when there is money to be raised. The more the patient process of education is carried on at other times, the less he will need to "beg." The needs of the work and workers will often be

remembered in public prayer. Missionary illustrations in sermon and conversation will reflect the heart interest of the study and the prayer closet.

The ideal relationship is attained when the sons and daughters of the home church are representing her on the mission field, calling out her efforts, gifts and prayers. Pray and plan for such a consummation.

By Hugh R ..Monro, Fice·President Niagara Lithograph Company, New York There is among intelligent Christian laymen a growing recognition of the fact that the giving of the Gospel to the whole world is the supreme mission of the Church. If there are those who fail to recognize this reo sponsibility it is largely because the case has not been clearly stated, as the plain facts admit of no alternative. A pastor, possessed himself with the missionary spirit and using every means to bring his people into touch with the latest information from the various fields, will unfailingly discover a deepening missionary interest on the part of his congregation as well as a sacrificial response to missionary appeals.

There is a type of missionary address which fails to impress the practical man of affairs, but a straightforward statement of what is being wrought through the power of the Gospel in heathen lands, given with manly vigor and in the Spirit of Christ, will never fail of a sympathetic response. The most convincing speaker is usually the missionary direct from the field, and an active chu~ch should enjoy the stimulus of such first-hand information at least once each month, either at a regular preaching service or mid-week meeting. The mere contact with one of these earnest laborers, whose life has been given to service in heathen lands, has led many a layman to review his own career and consider its comparative barrenness.

Much ·of the coldness and apathy of which pastors frequently complain would disappear if their people were kept in touch with the vital spiritual movements at home and abroad.

The "every-member plan" of church finance has marked the most important recent steps in missionary giving. The next step should be the relation of each congregation to some specific work abroad through the support of a direct representative or otherwise.

The Late Dr. Seth Low, at one time jl,1ayor of New York and later President of Columbia University "I went to the Edinburgh Conference in 19IO thinking that Christian missions are a pious undertaking; I returned profoundly convinced that Christian missions are a world force, and just as surely to be reckoned with as are the developments of commerce."

At Dr. Low's home there was always a welcome for missionaries, and he shared with his wife an interest in their enterprises. The Low family many years ago gave the building on Boone Compound, in which St. Peter's Hospital, Wuchang, China, began its work.

RALPH C. NORTON AT THE TRENCHES" SOMEWHERE 1N FRANCE"

Lo' Peter.'! A Belgian major. Mrs. Norton. Commandantc LeDuc Evangelizing the Belgian Soldiers BY MRS. RAJ,PH C. NORTON, LONDON, ENGLAND British and Allied Soldiers' Evangelistic Campaign THE Belgian soldiers are men without homes. Their country is occupied by the enemy, and they cannot return there on furlough. Consequently, thousands of Belgian soldiers come to London to pass their short six days' leave with relatives or as guests of the British or their own home government, in clubs and hostels provided for the purpose.

In the summer of 19 15, Mr. Norton and I had returned to London after spending some time in especial evangelistic work among the British soldiers, and planned to devote our time among the soldiers of the allied armies.

There it was that, in the good providence of God, our attention was directed to these Belgian soldiers. They roamed the street, often friendless and helplessly alone, like sheep needing a shepherd. One night we met one young soldier who accepted a French Gospel with such eagerness that almost from that hour we felt that our spiritual ministries should be devoted to the Belgian soldier as long as the war might last.

This soldier, little Pierre, left us for the front, carrying a package of Gospels in French and Flemish for his comrades of the trenches.

These were soon distributed, and he wrote for more. He was the forerunner of many others, who also found the beauty of the Gospel of Christ as revealed in His Word, and became apostles to the trenches, carrying the message of eternal life to their fellows, who were as yet ignorant of its power.

We met Peter on the street a week or so before we had met Pierre. It was not chance that led us to Peter Van Koeckhoven-it was God. How often has the wonder of God's promise of leading been proved: "I, being in the way, the Lord led me. . . ." Peter from'the start displayed an eagerness to know the truth as it is in Christ. He accepted a Gospel, and besought us for others for his comrades in the trenches.

Peter began to study the Scriptures in the trenches, in barn or barrack back of the lines, whenever he could find a leisure moment. He had soon completed the reading of the Gospel, and a week or so after his return to the front he wrote for a complete Bible. As he read he found what a simple thing it was to accept Christ, so he opened his great heart to the Saviour. Then, as Peter read, he found the command, "Go ye . . . and tell." His own heart's impulses seconded the Divine command, and he became a soul winner. He distributed Gospels to all who would take them. He also enlisted in ~his service other friends, especially those whom he was leading to the knowledge of Christ. Two of his first converts, Arthur and John, became his staunch helpers, and were partakers of his zeal and devotion.

In January of 19 I 6 we met John in London, and asked him how Peter had managed to distribute nearly 10,000 Gospels.

"Oh," came his response, "he has many friends in other regiments, and to these he entrusts quantities of the Gospels for distribution, after our own soldiers are supplied."

He smiled as he spoke of Peter, whom he loved with a singular devotion.

"He is the strongest man in the regiment," he continued, "and you should see him swing a parcel of 600 Gospels onto his back, already burdened by his heavy pack, and start off for a four-hour march to the trenches. "

As time went on Peter began to feel the need for some organization which would bind his "Bible readers" together, and he formed the "Ligue des Saintes Ecritures," or "Scripture League." We sent little membership cards for the men to sign, and at his request we had them printed in both French and Flemish. The card was perforated, the smaller end to be signed with the soldier's name, military address, and home address, so that we could keep in touch with them in Belgium after the war, and perhaps form some permanent organization. The larger end was to be signed also and to be retained by the men. Peter, Arthur and John have kept additional lists of all the "members," and each man is given a number. The stubs are sent to us by the new members themselves or by the workers, and each member receives a com-

THE BELGIAN SOLDIERS

plete New Testament in the language of his choice. The Gospels are given generally, but the Testaments only to members of the League. fhe pledge of membership was made simple, merely a promise to endeavor to carry a Testament or Gospel daily, to read a portion of it, and to meditate carefully on what was read. The success of the "Ligue" was immediate. Scores of other Belgian soldiers, whom we later met in London, became fired with something of Peter's zeal.

Since the time of our first meeting with Peter hundreds of Belgian soldiers have been met by us, often picked up off the street, taken to lunch and afterward to our hotel, where they have been introduced to the Word of God. After a time of instruction and prayer many have been led to accept Christ and have returned to the trenches to evangelize their fellows. Often it has been possible for us to entertain soldiers during all of their furlough, thus having a longer time in which to instruct and strengthen these babes in Chnst.

Since those earlier days the knowledge of our interest in the spiritual welfare of the Belgian soldier has spread throughout the army in a marvelous way, and each day's mail has brought scores of letters from these men. Some have appealed for temporal aid, and these have not been ignored, for we have found that temporal assistance has often been the best means of reaching their souls. Our business has been fishing for the Belgian soldier-"taking him alive"-and we have baited our hook with kindness and love and sympathy, and we have found him responding in a wonderful way, and we have found him looking past us to the Master.

Most of the letters that have reached us, however, have contained appeals for spiritual help. We have been amazed to find the number of men in the Belgian army who professed themselves to be infidel before the war, but who now are turning eagerly to the truth as it is in Christ Jesus. Perhaps they are among the number who leave one of the great London stations daily on their return to the front, when my husband distributes Gospels to these outgoing hundreds of men. In the Gospel that they carelessly accept they find our name and address, and after their hearts have been stirred by reading the Evangel, perhaps for the first time in their life, they write for further instruction. In the months that follow it is our joy to record the daily growth of these disciples as they yield to the Spirit's teaching. Invariably they ask for packages of Gospels, Testaments and League cards, which they find the best assistance in personal work.

Thus the work has spread, life touching life, until now, a little more than a year after the beginning of the work, over one hundred thousand Gospels and many thousand Testaments have been distributed among these soldiers. League members are counted by the thousand. To each new League member are sent League cards for his comrades, and tracts and booklets which will aid and instruct him in the Christian faith. These latter have in large measure been donated by the Religious

1 ract Society of London, the Drummond Tract Depot of Stirling and other societies.

We have now the names of over one hundred Belgian soldiers who are faithfully and intelligently working for the spread of Christ's King- dom through the distribution of His Word. '1 hey are seeking to lead their comrades to the knowledge of salvation through Christ. With these men we are in constant correspondence, answerIng their queries, supplying them counsel and encouragement, and keeping them supplied Wltn the ~criptures with which to carryon their work ot evangelization.

N ow, when letters reach us carrying pleas for spiritual help, often we are able to direct the soldier to another man in his own battalion or regiment who will be able to meet with him personally and aid him in hiS spiritual needs. – In a marvelous way the Seed has been scattered. A Gospel left with a gendarme of military police, at a military base in France, led to his writing us tor counsel. Now over fifty gendarmes at this base have become members of the League, among whom are the two chiefs of the different gendarmeries.

The work has also been started among the interned Belgian sol- diers in Holland. One man, who has found how precious the life of Christ can be, is a flame of fire, and writes for a thousand Gospels at a time. Also in hospitals in France and unconquered Belgium the work is going on, and almost each day brings us news of the spread of the tide of blessing.

N at long ago an appeal came from Malta from an interned Ger- man prisoner, who in some unknown manner had come across a little Belgian League card. Enmity born of the world conflict was forgotten.

He only considered that he needed the comfort and help of the Book of books, and he filled out the card and sent it to us. We sent him the Testament, and now we receive almost daily appeals from other men in that camp. The British Government kindly allows us to send the Scriptures freely to these men, so that to this camp alone have gone Scrip- tures in Arabic, Italian, French, Croatian and German.

Our Belgian soldiers write to us as their "Father and Little Mother," and tell of their progress in the Christian life. One dear boy, Rene, made a slip after his conversion. He told us a lie, which to him formerly had not seemed a gross sin, but when we pointed this out to him his grief knew no bounds. His first letter after returning to the front was most touching.

"My Dear Parents," he wrote, in his own quaint English, "I have received back safe, and am in a healthy condition, but parents, I feel a little lonesome yet, for what I have been doing wrong with the Lord, and with my dear parents. I know, mother and father, I have not been doing the right way of a Christian boy; but I trust in the Lord and hope He will forgive me for what I have done wrong. He is so sweet and kind, and since I have known Him, have I felt so happy; hut not those

days in London, because the devil was getting after me; but for him there is nothing to do any more, and when he should try again to have me again on the wrong way, I should fight against him, because I know the difference now more and more between the dear Lord and the bad devil. I hope, dear parents, everybody will be as I was, sorry when the devil gets after them; but I have myoid Teacher back again, the Lord, and hope He will watch me and keep me in the right way. Lord, oh Lord, help me, watch and forgive me! Am longing for more Testa- ments so I can do some more work for the Lord."

On a recent visit which we paid to the Belgian front many of our boys came to visit us, just back of the lines. Some tramped for twenty miles through mud and over almost impassable roads to spend an hour and a half with us. Then they tramped the twenty miles back to their post. Among the number were several LJniversity men, who came to inquire more perfectly the way of salvation. We find the same spiritual interest among the high and the lowly of the Belgian army. Peter him- self is the son of a Baroness, but counts his noble birth, as well as all things else, "but loss for the excellency of the knowledge of Christ."

There are many evidences of the changed lives of these men. One man wrote: "For many months I have had an intellectual belief in the Gospel as presented in the Bible, although I have never felt any new- ness of life. I have even defended the faith in the presence of my com- rades, althou?;h I had myself never fully accepted it. But my cousin (who received a Gospel and signed the declaration of faith) Game to visit me back of the lines. I found him so changed from what he used to be before the war, that I could only marvel. He tells me that he has found Christ, and I am writing you, asking you if you would help me also to find for myself that which he has found."

These boys who have found Christ have little meetings in the trenches. "They threw things at us first," one of them confided to me, "but now they all gather around and listen to us as we read the Bible and explain it." .

So the arm of the Lord is revealed in the midst of the terrible wel- ter of the greatest war in history, and many who perhaps might not oth- erwise hflve been reached by the truth are to-day trustine: in Christ as Lord and Saviour. Others resting: in the same blessed faith, newly re- ceived by them, are to-day with Him in Paradise.

-~—— With the help of American and British friends, Mr. and Mrs. N orton are sending boxes to these Belgian soldiers who are so out of touch with home and friends. Each box costs one dollar and contains some dainties, some comforts and a copy of the Gospels. The kindness and the message are bearing rich fruitage.-EDIToR.

THEY COME TO THE COMMENCEMENT EXERCISES AT TUSKEGEE

This is a gala day for the rural folk of Macon County. The campus is crowded with hundreds of vehicles that have brought thousands of negroes who seek better things

Tuskegee's Ideals for the

BY ROBERT R. MOTON, TUSKEGEE INSTITUTE, ALABAMA T USKEGEE'S ideals for the Negro are, like those of its founder, high and progressive. Much is said about the "acid test," and at Tuskegee the Negro has passed through the acid test. From the day he first landed at Jamestown to this hour the black man has been under the physical test. He was brought from a hot cli- mate to a colder one, and yet practically no additional clothes were put on his back. The fact that all the Negroes did not die is the first great proof that the Negro had the physique to survive. But to make assurance doubly sure more acid was added. He was put to sleep in shanties with dank earth floors. He was given food that scientific feeding now would hardly give to any creature to work on. He was worked from dawn till dark. All these were in striking and shocking contrast to his former life of ease and roving, of feeding on fresh fruit and the flesh of wild beasts and fowls.

To-day the test is still applied. The Negro lives as a rule, that is, the masses, in and around the ditches, the dark and damp places in the city. In some towns and cities there are even being enacted laws to keep him there. I know of no grosser misunderstanding existing between the two races to-day than such as grows out of just this matter of segregation. The white people appear to think that the Negro wants to mix socially, when really all the Negro wants is a better house on a cleaner street, with water, lights, adequate police protection and a decent environment for his children. The majority of Negro families live now in a one-room house either in the city or in the country, and they live on meagre fare. His spirit or courage receives a daily or even more frequent jar through the reminder that the color of his skin, for which he can hardly be held accountable, is a barrier to his progress. Yet the black man lives, smiles, rears his family, gives his children a little better clothes, and a little more education than he has had, puts his shoulder to the wheel in peace or in war to push forward the good work of- his state or his community, and above all harbors no envy or revenge. This does not refer to the criminal, shiftless Negro, who is already spoken of too much. But for the worthy Negro thus surviving and increasing, facing even the most trying difficulties with chee:-, I repeat, our ideals for him are high and progressive.

To make the Negro a Christian citizen is the passionate dream and fervent effort of Tuskegee. First and always Tuskegee is dedicated to lifting the masses. 'iVe believe that only as the people at the bottom are drawn up can the race be recognized as deserving larger opportu-

THE HOME OF WM. HOLTZCLAW, A GRADUATE OF TUSKEGEE He was the Founder of Utica Normal and Industrial Institute, l>.'lississippi, a School begun under the trees and now valued at $100,000.

nltles. Perhaps I can best explain by giving in some detail the Tuskegee process of moulding men and women. With the late Dr. Booker T. Washington, religion and duty, religion and clothes, religion and food, in a word, religion and environment, were one and the same. He believed that no man could be a Christian and give a half day's work for a whole day's work. He rather believed, as he so often said to his students, that a man should always do more than his assigned duty: that he should do a day and a half's work for a day's work. He believeq that such was Christlike, and that no man could render such service without being and becoming a good deal of a Christian.

Thus Tuskegee's first ideal is to take religion out of the air and put it within the daily reach of men, not a religion for the Sabbath merely. Thus we teach or try to teach that to report to work at a certain hour, to report to meals at a given moment, to keep the clothes neat and clean, "to walk erect as if you are going somewhere," are attributes of a Christian just as much as, or even more so, than preaching a loud sermon or shouting and "moaning" in church on the Sabbath.

I was rather amused as well as gratified at the remark of an Alabama County school superintendent who visited Tuskegee during the past summer. Said he: "You Negroes walk. You pick up your feet. I've seen colored folks loll, shuffie and stroll, but not walk."

In addition to inculcating religion into daily duty and duty into religion, Tuskegee gives its students courses that they may go out and teach others.

The Tuskegee Institute puts as much stress upon the by-product of training as it does upon special courses. That is, no matter what trade a man has learned, what profession he may afterward enter, Tuskegee expects him to engage in community service or uplift work. Whether a student is a blacksmith, carpenter, tailor, tinsmith, school teacher, doctor or minister, he is expected, by his life and work, to go out and be an example to his community. He is expected to go into the church and teach Sunday school. If there is no Sunday school, he is expected to organize one. He is to organize clubs for community improvement, mothers' clubs, sanitary clubs, boys' corn clubs and girls' tomato clubs, if in the country, and garden clubs and community improvement clubs if in the city. He is expected to become interested in the public school, to help build a school if need be, to see that good teachers are secured, to use every effort to extend the school term from two or three months to six, seven or eight months. And above all, everywhere, at work, in meetings, he is not to whine, but to teach optimism to his people, to give the people greater hope, larger faith and a stronger belief in themselves and mankind generally.

ONE OF TIlE STUDENT FORCES FOR THE UPLIFT OF SOUTHERN NEGROES Y. wI. C. A. Cabinet at Tuskegee Institute. Training for Social Service and uplift work is given at Tuskegee in addition to literary and industrial schooling.

Our courses, or rather the Tuskegee life, seek to give students this sort of training. I say Tuskegee life, because the Tuskegee idea is that always you are living in the present, not in the future. This is true for both students and teachers. In our Phelps Hall Bible Training School we seek to train Christian workers, not ministers. Our students go out . into the country and teach Sunday school, visit the sick and destitute, organize various community clubs, plant gardens, teach the people to whitewash and to clean up. If they wish to pursue courses looking to the ministry afterward, that is all right. Tuskegee's idea is that whether they go further or not, this kind of training they will always need.

Our Y. M. C. A. and our Y. V. C. A. are schools in which our boys and girls gain valuable experience for this uplift work. Both of these organizations have student cabinets, and committees, which are responsible for religious service, socials, athletics, and much of the de· portment of students.

In this work, as in all other work of the school, Tuskegee says to the student, "The school is yours. The teachers are your guides only. Live now. Learn by doing." 'Vith allowance for youth and individual shortcomings, this idea is very well carried out. I f the teacher is absent in the blacksmith shop, in the kitchen, in the arithmetic class, the students take hold and shoe the horse, serve the meal, or solve the problem as the case may be. Tn this way we teach him to lend an influence that is positive and aggressive rather than negative. This Tuskegee is trying to make a habit with him before he leaves her doors.

While Tuskegee continuously drives home this ideal of service to others, she also lays strong emphasis on beginning with self. Nothing is quite so convincing in the Tuskegee scheme as the outstanding, concrete example. If a student would convince people that land owning and property owning are a desirable asset of a good citizen, he must blaze the way by owning property himself. If he would teach that a beautiful home, flowers in the yard, a happy family are the ideals of citizenship, then he must .set the example by having these himself. In all this, however, he or she must be simple and modest; the clothes, the home, the speech, must all exhibit the quiet, unassuming worker, not the man of vanity and show.

This is the ideal as Tuskegee tries to impart it to her students. Through pamphlets, through agents, through gatherings at the Institute, she seeks constantly to reenforce this. Through the kindness of a friend, Mr. Julius Rosenwald of Chicago, she has tried to bring home this ideal to the colored people in rural communities, by building a model school building. In many cases the effect has been almost instant, in that farmers have put up hetter homes or improved on those already built. Once or twice a year the school issues pamphlets telling farmers what to plant in a given season, how to care for cows, pigs, poultry and the like. These leaflets are usually the work of Prof. George V. Carver, of the Agricultural Department, who has contributed much during

TUSKEGEE'S IDEALS FOR THE NEGRO

his twenty years' service at Tuskegee to advance the standard of the life of the rural colored man.

Many white men are still skeptical about negro education. Prof. Carver's work is an example of how a serviceable act blots out the race question and gains friends for negro education as well as personal friends. Only a short time ago, under the direction of the Institute, he issued a bulletin entitled "How to Live Comfortably in Winter." Now, of course, the Southern white man as a rule would not think of taking instruction from a Negro. It chanced that one of these pamphlets fell into the hands of the State supervisor of canning clubs. In a letter saying "I know you wrote this for colored farmers, but it will help white farmers as well," this lady asked that several copies be sent to each of her twenty-seven subordinates in the different sections of the State. This she requested in spite of the fact that'a pamphlet purporting to contain the same kind of instruction had just been issued to the white farmers of the State.

The frequent assembling of farmers and their wives and children about the school has done untold good in keeping the people spurred on, in giving them new ideals b'oth of work and living. At these gatherings the mothers learn how to cook, to care for poultry and milk, to keep neater homes and to care for their children: Of course, not every graduate nor every ex-student has been a conspicuous success in applying our ideals. Yet when we consider how new all things in civilization are to the black man, and under what odds he often labors we have every reason to be encouraged.

Our students have carried the Tuskegee ideal into every walk of life into which they have gone. In some instances it is the doing of the big things, in others it is doing the humble, little thing in a modest way; in still others, it is doing the every-day duty in an unusual but very satisfactory way.

Probably the biggest way in which Tuskegee has had her ideals reenforced is through reproduction. Dr. Washington saId, "Go forth into the woods and barren places and build up schools." Of the number of students who have gone out from Tuskegee during the last thirty-odd years since its founding thirty-three have founded industrial schools. The record of these schools, as compiled in 19 IO, shows 142 teachers employed, 62 of whom were Tuskegee graduates or former students. Through these offshoots 4,000 students were being trained and 73,000 people were being reached by the method of extension work taught at Tuskegee, that is, through farmers' conferences, mothers' meetings, boys' and girls' improvement clubs and the like.

One founder of a rural school wrote some time ago, "I accept my salary in syrup, meal, corn or anything I can use in my family." This teacher soon discovered that he needed a mule and farm tools to teach agriculture and gardening. To buy these he got the friends and patrons to give IOO ears of corn apiece.

MISSIONARY I<.EVIEW Or< TIlE WORLD [J al1uary

One of the most successful of Tuskegee branch schools was founded in Florida· from the proceeds of I % acres of sweet potatoes; another in South Carolina was established by a young woman who entered Tuskegee almost destitute and very frail of health. She started her institution in the upstairs of an old storehouse, borrowing chairs, benches and other requisites of the schoolroom. This school now has a valuation of over $60,000. Another graduate started a school in Mississippi with only trees for a shelter. This institution to-day has property valued at $ I 00,000.

The same spirit of service has animated students in other walks of life. A former student, who is farming, has also built a school, established a farmers' conference, and in winter holds a three-days' school for farmers. A public school teacher in one of our small cities is church organist, superintendent of the Sunday school, a member of the deacons' board and president of the Baptist Young People's Union. All of these posts he has held from fifteen to twenty years.

Some years ago a young lady came to Tuskegee and learned dressmaking. Unable to remain until she could get a diploma, she went away and set up business for herself. But' she had caught the Tuskegee spirit. She organized a girls' industrial club. Through this club she secured employment for 132 girls and established prizes to be awarded to the best seamstress.

Among those who have gone out from Tuskegee none have rendered finer service than our trained nurses. In one city in the North one of our nurses asked to be allowed to work in the colored slums. As she was the first Negro nurse to make such an application she had endless difficulty in securing appointment. She worked five months without salary. She went into the homes of fallen girls, corrected the unsanitary habits of mothel:s and children, and even broke up gambling resorts of the Negro men.

These, then, are some of the ideals of Tuskegee for the Negro. First, last and always, he will serve his fellow men in any way his ability may direct. He shall pick out a place, settle down, own property, pay taxes and become a model citizen. His house, his dress, his life while at work or at play shall be an example and an inspiration; they shall inspire his own race to emulation and the white race to belief in Negroes and in negro education.

Tuskegee has not thus far concerned herself with what is called political rights. Her ideal has been to make the Negro deserving, to make him show to the white race that he is deserving. Though many discouraging setbacks occur, as when black men are lynched or driven out wholesale from communities in which they have property and pay taxes, keep thc law and serye thcir people; yet, with that strong buoyant hope and optimism so characteristic of her founder, Tuskegee feels sure that the sense of fair play in the white man and the justice of God will finally give us our place of full citizenship in America.

A YILLAGE WHERE THE MISSIONARIES ARE WORKING IN CAMEROON, WEST

War Experiences in West Africa BY REV. WILLIAM M. DAGER Missionary of the Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions, U. S. A.

THE German Cameroon colony in West Africa lies between British Nigeria on one side and French Congo on the other, with diminu- tive Spanish Guinea touching its southern border for about one hundred miles. Vhen war broke out two years ago, this short strip of neutral border land was the only outlet to the outside world. Allied war vessels controlled the sea coast, and all the other parts of the boundary line were soon the scene of desperate fighting. The troops on both sides were almost all Africans, but they were officered by Europeans.

The American Presbyterian mission is in South Cameroon, where forty-five missionaries were stationed at the outbreak of the war. ];10st of them were at the coast for the annual mission meeting, and sixteen, who had completed their three years of service, were planning to sail for America on a German steamer in the middle of August. The enervating climate of tropical Africa rendered these men and women physically unfit to endure any added strain. The German steamer did not sail, but God provided another way. Through the kindness of the Germans they crossed to Fernando Po, where Spanish hospitality provided for the necessary stay, and they were able to borrow money for passage on a Spanish boat. An English cargo boat took care of four of the party from the Canary Islands, so that all enjoyed their muchneeded furlough, and are now back on the field. They are taking the

places of those who passed through the strenuous months dU'ring which they were working with fighting on every side of them.

In July, 19'4, just before the declaration of war, a group of missionaries were standing on the beach at Batanga, interested in a promiscuous assortment of boxes. These had just been carried from the surf boat by the natives and deposited beyond the reach of the waves. The steamer from which this surf boat was discharging its cargo was anchored about a mile out. She was the last steamer to land cargo before the blockade. That group of missionaries did not know the future, but God did, and He had sent the supply just before they were to be almost shut off from supplies for eighteen months.

The neutral Spanish border prevented an absolute blockade. Entrance through this border was, however, roundabout, difficult and dangerous. One man from America, who was at home on furlough, returned to the mission that way in January, 19 I 5. He came with letters, papers, and first-hand news. There were malted milk and oatmeal for the babies, and limited quantities of butter, milk, sugar and flour, to be distributed among five stations.

Native foods were used by the missionaries to a large extent. Of corn, sweet potatoes and peanuts there was no lack at any time. The sugar cane furnished us with molasses. Bananas were not difficult to procure. Pineapples and oranges could be had in season. Some who had their own chickens had eggs all the time; those without could buy them part of the time. A small amount of goats' milk was available when it was possible to get possession of a goat. Potatoes, beans and small onions were grown, and some other European vegetables. For these, however, best results can only be secured with fresh seed which has been specially prepared and packed for the tropics. Seed was sent, but before it could reach the end of this long journey the tins were no longer moisture·proof, and most of it failed to germinate.

Other foods not so familiar as the above to Americans were a great help to us. The papaia and avagado pear supplied us at all times with fruit. For vegetables we had the plantain and cassava, from both of which we also made flour. The mikabo (known here as the caladium or elephant ear) was a good substitute for potato, and made a nourishing soup, and its young leaves could he cooked as greens. There were also several other varieties of greens, and the bread-fruit trees helped out when they were in season.

Nor were we without meats, for a native hunter brought for our use the antelope and wild hog. In some stations the supply was ample; at others the game was scarce enough to make the bringing in of an animal a real treat. Four or five months without sugar, flour, butter or milk, and eighteen months with only a very limited supply of the same led us to appreciate those essentials as never before.

God not only cared for us during the eighteen months, but taught us to value and use the native foods to an extent we had never done

WILLIAM M. DAGER TRAINING CHRISTIAN WORKERS IN WEST

In this field in West Africa. where there have been such remarkable results from Christian Missions, the territory has passed from the Germans to the Allies. III spite of the war the remark.able work. goes on . and Miss Jean Mackenzie, author of "Black Sheep," has iust been recalled from America to the;!ield.to.help:meet the crisis.

before. The entire period was one in which God's mercies were new to us each day. The absolute necessities were always provided. Quinine, so essential to the health of the missionary, held out till the last. The babies of the mission could not live without milk and oatmeal. There were times when the last tin had been opened, but the new supply was sent just when needed, and the babies were provided for by Him who knew our extremity.

In August, 1914, there was no missionary doctor at Elat, and the Government doctor had been sent to another post, but in that month of mobilization, a German surgeon was sent to the Government post near Elat, and two of his earliest cases were operations for appendicitis upon missionaries of our mission. In January, 19 15, when the black water fever attacked another of our force, and his life hung in the balance, another German Government doctor was the one able to give the immediate attention necessary. Even though some of the stations were without a missionary doctor, military physicians were available for every emergency. vVhen the Germans had gone the French came, and very soon one of their physicians had under his care as a patient another one of our missionaries, and in a short time effected a cure.

Even more apparent was God's care of the missionaries when the war zone encroached upon their field of labor. On one occasion a war vessel was steaming up the coast, firing as she came. Seaside cottage at Batanga was in full view on a bluff facing the ocean. When it was seen to be necessary, the neutral flag was displayed and the firing ceased within half a mile of the house within which were four of our missIOnaries. On another occasion two of the missionaries were making a necessary journey through the German outpost. A French attack was expected, and scouts were watching the roads. Their path should have turned to cross a stream, but talking as they rode on their bicycles, they missed the turn and went straight ahead. Later they learned that they had been mistaken for Frenchmen and the scouts had retreated to the other side of the river, taking the canoe with them, without which a crossing was not possible. When the missionaries returned and called for the canoe they were recognized by the natives. God had led them out of their way for their protection.

The time came when the battle lines drew nearer to our stations and work. Two of our missionaries were in a native village with one hundred and fifty evangelists and teachers, who had with them their wives and children. On sloping ground they all crouched behind stumps and trees, where the missionaries waited while the Germans retreated and the French advanced. The bullets flew overhead and a stray bullet found its victim in the next village, but not one of our people was touched.

There were critical situations in those first days of occupation by the Allies. The missionaries were not known to them, so that a strange white man could be easily mistaken for a German. This did happen

EXPERIENCES IN WEST AFRICA

in four widely separated places. Guns were pointed at them, and for a time they were prisoners, but through it all no one of them experienced the slightest hodily harm.

SOME RESULTS OF THE MISSIONARY'S WORK IN WEST AFRICA Girls' school at MacLean Station) Lolodorf. Mrs. 'V. S. Lehman in the rear.

Looking after refugees took the missionary through the German lines one hour before the French forced them to retreat. His threemile run on the bicycle occurred in a lull of the firing during which new positions were being occupied. Who else timed that journey but God, who was answering the prayers of those at home who were remembering the missionaries shut up in Cameroon?

MISSIONARY WORK IN WAR TIMES And God was not unmindful of His work. The story of sickness, starvation, suffering, temptation, sorrow and death, which came to natives through the war, can never be fully told. With war on every side it was certainly only of God that the educational and evangelistic work of the mission could be maintained for eighteen months with but little interruption, and then go On practically undisturbed through a transfer from German to French control of the colony. We have only the reports from three of the shut-in stations, but these report 1,880 additions by confession of faith in 19 I 5, and contributions aggregating to $8,901, which is just about double what was contributed in any previous year. Evangelists and school teachers remained loyally at their posts, even when the missionaries were removed, because they were not permitted to remain within the war zone. "Let whatever

comes find us and our people together," was the way they expressed their desire to remain at their posts of duty.

Can we ever forget the boy killed by deserters? At the last, when German defeat was certain, many soldiers deserted, and with their guns and ammunition went plundering about the country. They met two men sent on by a by-path to our station at Metet with provisions and mail, because the Allies were coming through Metet and the main road was closed. The loads were stolen and plundered and the mail was thrown into the bush. The carriers were taken as prisoners. Then a school boy of the town, knowing how the missionaries longed for mail, took the letters, intending somehow to get them to us. A second contingent of deserters found him with the letters, and lest through him it should be discovered who stole the boxes, they cruelly killed the boy. The people of the town reported it at once to the advance guard of the French, and part of the mail was recovered and the prisoners released. Precious letters; but spattered with the life blood of the boy who through loyalty to the mission was seeking to deliver them to us.

God also used his missionaries to bring relief to the suffering. It is sadly true that the great bulk of suffering could not be relieved, but much that could be done was done. The retreating Germans left in the care of the mission two thousand refugees who had been political war prisoners. They were to be .sent back to their homes when the Allies had finally come in. On Monday they were given to us, and the whole mission station at Elat was turned over to them. Every dormitory and small cooking shed was filled to overflowing. They camped under the mission dwellings and slept with no shelter at all. They were supplied with two days' rations, and more was promised on Wednesday. But on Wednesday, when the Germans retreated and the French came in, we had only about ten bushels of corn to feed them. But God proved that He can and does supply every need. When wild sweet potatoes and all else we had to give them was gone, on Saturday the people for miles around, feeling that they must make a peaceful approach to their new masters, brought food in such quantities that it sufficed for the invading army and for the refugees as well. The next day the refugees were sent to their homes.

Then, with the country wasted with war, came hunger and dysentery and death. At least four of the missionaries were taken with dysentery-one of the by-products of the war. Vie could not even estimate how many of those heavy-laden carriers were taken with it, sleeping where they could, drinking water from polluted streams, and unable to buy (even when they had the money) food sufficient to nourish them. Many were left unburied by the roadside. At all the mission stations health and succor were given to many. Some beyond help were given a decent burial. Christians entered heartily into the work, and when one missionary adopted the plan of asking in church each Sunday how many had helped any of the refugees during the week, it was

TUSKEGEE'S IDEALS FOR THE NEGRO

gratifying to see about two-thirds or four-fifths of the audience of from five hundred to six hundred rise to their feet.

God's ordering of affairs was clearly illustrated in the return of a doctor and a minister. They were home on furlough, and in June, 19 15, a request was made by the mission that these two be sent to the relief of the over-burdened, shut-in force in Cameroon. But they did not come when we expected. Had they come then they would have met the German refugees fieeing before the advance of the Allies, and the overland journey through Spanish Guinea would have been very dangerous, if not impossible. Now observe a few dates. January I9, I9 I 6, witnessed the retreat of the Germans beyond our last mission station. On January 28th the Allies were in possession of the territory surrounding all of our mission stations. February 15th, the last of the Germans withdrew across the border into Spanish Guinea and left the Allies in full possession. On January 30th the English general gave permission for the entrance of those of our force who had been shut out, and on February 1st the doctor entered Cameroon, and later in the same month the minister arrived. When they left America the Germans were still successfully defending southern Cameroon, and they arrived just as the blockade lifted and the colony was opened to them.

The God who has answered prayer will answer other prayers for these missionaries on the frontier. The transfer from German to French control calls for new adjustments. Some who were there during the period of war are still at their posts. Others have recently returned to their work. They need especially the sympathy and prayers of God's people during these days of toil and danger.

READY FOR A MISSIONARY PALAVER IN WEST AFRICA Head man seated in chair with several of his followers seated on the ground in front 0 ihis house

Chang of the Crystal Spring

BY JEAN CARTER COCHRAN, PLAINFIELD, NEW JERSEY A GRAY evening had settled in on the village of the Crystal Spring: it had rained a soft drizzle all day, and even the Crystal Spring, for which the hamlet had been called, lay deep in mud and belied its name. There was, in fact, nothing much but mud to be seen, from the narrow streets where the little pools of muddy water stood, to the walls of the houses that were plainly built of no other material, and looking out into the twilight over the fields the country also was the same monotonous muddy brown tint.

Though the Chinese are a good deal like hens in their attitude of mind toward water in general, and rain in particular, this evening it had failed to keep them indoors, for had not the village schoolmaster promised to tell them many wonderful things of the golden age of China, when sages walked the land and were able to converse not only with human beings, but with the fairy folk?

To-night the schoolmaster looked over his little audience of men and boys, wondering which story to tell them; they waited in a respectful silence, for he had taken his degree, and the only one in the village who did not stand in awe of him was his wife. If Mr. Chang had known Greek his feelings would have been drawn to Socrates and his home life.

Slowly he began, * "lEans ago, almost at the dawning of our golden age, there lived on the edge of a lotus stream a mussel contented and happy. One spring morning, when the apricots were in bloom, tempted by the beauty of the day, he went out on the river bank to sun himself. A bittern passing by perceived the mussel and, with none of those courteous ceremonies customary in polite society, pecked at the unwatchful shell-fish. The mussel realizing that he who hesitates is lost wasted no time but nipped the bird's beak. The bittern, surprised and frightened, exclaimed: 'If you do not let me go to-day, if you refuse, to let me go to-morrow, there will be a dead mussel.' His would-be victim rejoined: 'If I stay indoors to-day and if I don't come out to-morrow, there surely will be a dead bittern!'" Suddenly, at this climax, a wild face was thrust into the door of the schoolroom and an excited voice shouted: "There is a foreign devil arrived at the inn, and you had better all be quick, for we think he is going to undress I"

Magic surely cannot have disappeared from China; the speed with which the room was emptied of all but the schoolmaster and the necromancer was simply miraculous. The necromancer felt it incumbent on his dignity to move more slowly;, the schoolmaster, who was at heart *This fable is quoted from W. A. Cornaby's "String of Chinese Preach Stones." He claims it is the oldest Chinese fa bIe in existence. SCENE AT A CR YSTAL SPRING VILLAGE WELL IN CHINA a gentleman, turned toward his home; he would call with ceremony later, when the rude villagers had left. Curiosity soon got the better of the necromancer, however, and murmuring: "I have heard it said these foreigners have a hole in their chest through which a stick is run by which they are carried by coolies; I must see if it is true." He turned and hurried to the inn.

The scene at the inn was amusing enough; every door and window was full of heads, and those who had a few cash with which to buy tea had even entered the house itself and were drinking, with their eyes glued on the unfortunate foreigner. The inn was a poor place; the only thing that could be said in its favor was that it was dry. It consisted of one long room, where all the guests ate, dressed and slept. At one end was a fire of stalks burning; there was no chimney to let the smoke escape, so the foreigner sat beside the blaze, with the tears running down his face from the suffocating smoke, trying in vain to get dry. He had removed his coat, which was dripping, and beside him, on the floor, lay a bicycle, covered with the prevailing mud. The man's sense of humor had almost been washed away, but when he saw the amazement painted on every countenance as he started to clean his wheel he could not suppress a smile. He had been forced to walk a long distance on account of the rain, and the consequence was none of the Chinese knew what the bicycle was for, so they kept at a safe distance. As he thoughtfully spun

around each wheel, the eyes of the crowd grew as large as saucers; one of them whispered: "It's a new kind of gun!" Some of them put their fingers in their ears, expecting a loud report, others withdrew to a still greater distance; nothing happened, however, and at that moment the necromancer entered and speedily drew his own conclusions; this was evidently some foreign magic, and it was clearly to his advantage to get in with the foreigner and divide the profits. He went directly up to the stranger and started conversation.

"You have come a long road to-day?" "Yes," replied the man, "one hundred Ii" (about thirty miles). The necromancer thought, "Ha! I was right; it is magic indeed; no man could walk or be carried by coolies a distance like that in such weather." So he asked still another question: "Then the coolies did not carry you by means of the pole stuck through your chest!" The foreigner was puzzled-then he remembered the ancient rumor about the foreigners and replied : "No, I rode this wheel." The necromancer was dazed, but by this time the crowd had grown bolder and felt like asking a few questions on their own account, so they drew up close, and a perfect volley followed: "Where was he from?" "What was his name?" "How did he button his collar?" "What was his vest for?" etc., etc. Finally, weary of answering so much unadulterated curiosity and remembering his purpose in coming, the stranger thought it was his turn to lead the conversation, and, turning to the necromancer, he said: "I have come to your village to tell you about one of our sages that lived many years ago." The people were too interested in the present, however, to stop to hear past history, and they would not listen. Then a bright idea struck the traveler. "1 see that this room is very large; I will ride this wheel around the place for twenty minutes and.let you all see how it works if, after I have finished, you will promise to listen to me talk for twenty minutes." This proposition appealed to his audience, and a space was quickly cleared. Amid the "Ahs,I" and "Ehs I" of the crowd, he mounted the wheel and rode around and around for a long twenty minutes, then he dismounted, and saying: "Now it is my turn I" he began to tell his story. True to their bargain, the Chinese listened quietly, with only a question now and then to help get his meaning. After he had finished, a number bought his tracts and gospels, and one old man asked: "How long ago did you say this good man lived?" "Over nineteen hundred years," the foreign replied. The old man looked very sad. "And you foreigners have known this glad news nineteen hundred years and have only just come to tell us about it now! 1 cannot understand that." Some of the more intelligent lingered for a few moments, but it was growing late, and they at last said a reluctant good-by.

CHANG OF THE CRYSTAL SPRING VILLAGE

With a weary sigh the foreigner turned to undress, when he heard a quiet voice behind him say: "Good evening, honorable sir, may I ask your revered name?" On looking around he beheld the village teacher, Mr. Chang, making deep bows of greeting. Snatching his spectacles from his eyes to show he knew the rules of Chinese etiquette, the stranger replied, with an equally low bow: "My humble name is Sun." "May I also inquire your lofty longevity?" continued the teacher. "My years are only few and small-I am only forty," replied Mr. Sun.

SOME OFI.THE MISSIONARIES' EAGER LISTENERS IN A CHINESE VILLAGE "Ah!" exclaimed the other. "I thought you were a great deaj older. Now will you kindly inform me the name of your renowned country?"

"The name of my country is America!" was the answer. At the name "America" Mr. Chang's face brightened visibly. "Why, that is the country of Washington and Lincoln," he said joyfully. Interested at once, Mr. Sun invited him to be seated, and inquired where he had heard of Washington and Lincoln. The teacher eagerly explained that, when he had gone to Nanking to pass his examination for his degree, at the door of the examination hall a foreigner had sold him a book containing the lives of Washington and Lincoln. "They were indeed great and good men; could YOll not tell me more about them?" Very gladly Mr. Sun did so, and finished by saying: "Washington

and Lincoln were true lovers of freedom and their fellow men, but their ideas were received from a still greater teacher who taught nineteen hundred years ago. Let me read you what he says," and drawing the gospel of John from his pocket he read: "And ye shall know the truth and the truth shall make you free." "Yes," said the teacher, "those are wise words, that is the kind of freedom we need in China; will it weary you too much to tell me about this very wise man?" Delighted at this wonderful opportunity, Mr. Sun told him about that most perfect of all lives, and the teacher eagerly drank in every word. At length he rose to go, saying he would return in the morning to hear more. Sadly, Mr. Sun explained that he had to hurry on at daylight to see a dying friend, but he gave the teacher a book of the Gospels, and promised to return at some future time. It was now late and, very softly, Mr. Chang stole through the deserted street and quietly opened the door of his rude home, hoping not to disturb his sleeping spouse. The hope was vain: she had lain awake on purpose. He was greeted with a volley: "Where in the world have you been? A pretty hour this, to be coming in! What will the neighbors say?" "A good deal," the poor teacher thought, "if they hear you talk," but he wisely only said: "I have been to the inn and talked to the foreigner, and he told me a most wonderful thing about a sage who came to earth to teach us to love everybody, our neighbors, and even strangers." "Foolish words they were; why, think what a difference it would make if I should love Wang Mah!" and turning herself scornfully in bed she went soundly to sleep. Difference, indeed! His wife's daily battles with Wang Mah were the scandal and excitement of the whole village; combat was waged from dawn to dewy eve, year in and year out. Having assured himself that his wife was really asleep, Mr. Chang sat down by the little flickering lamp and began to read his new book. Thoughtfully and slowly he read, in order to take in the wonderful story. Not once did he look up, until a faint streak of dawn reminded him he must retire if he wished any peace for the next fortnight. A very much puzzled necromancer arose that morning pondering over the follies of foreigners in general and this one in particular; to have perfectly good magic at one's command, and fail to make a profit from it was worse than foolish-it was madness. Mrs. Chang, too, was very much disturbed by the foreigner's visit; surely he had bewitched her husband; loud was her lamenting over th~ wasted oil; the long day through she could talk and think of nothing else. But all day long the teacher did not hear her, for his thoughts were elsewhere, walking with his new-found Master through the fields of Galilee, and ever in his ears rang the words: "And ye shall know the truth and the truth shall make you free."

on the Kongo*

BY CATHERINE C. MABIE, M.D., KIMPESE, KONGO BELGE Dr. Mabie is a niece of Rev. Henry C. Mabie, and one of the missionaries of the American Baptist Foreign Mission Society. She has recently returned to America on furlough, but sent from West Central Africa this very interesting description of medical work among the women of that region.

VE are having three days' respite fant mortality. Instructions as to its cause and possible prevention ought to from schoolroom duties following save many little lives. All expectant Easter. I had planned to spend them mothers coming to the dispensary are adas well as the week-end with a congenial vised to invest ten cents in a little sealed friend at ThysvilIe, three hours up the packet of antiseptic dressings for the line, but three of the students' wives cord and are told the danger of tetanus chose this particular week for birthday infection during baby's first week. They parties. A new baby every other day are also advised to find another ten cents down in the students' quarters excels all for a bottle of castor-oil. Practically all previous records, a girl and two boys! infant maladies occurring during the With great difficulty and after a full nursing period are attributed to mothhalf-hour with no sign of life, one of er's milk being bad, and so the mothers the boys' was finally induced to breathe. always want medicine for themselves The suscitation of the asphyxiated babe rather than for the sick infants. seemed a veritable miracle to the class of women students who were in attend- Yesterday a pear heathen woman ance. One or two were assisting me came, wanting medicine to improve the and I explained to all of them the meth- quality of her milk. She had had nine ods employed and reasons for their use, children, all of whom had died in inand tried to show them that when far fancy from one cause or another, chiefly away from a doctor in their towns, they malaria, pneumonia, and other diseases; themselves might follow the same meth- but she, poor thing, carried the double ods under like circumstances. One of sorrow of believing that she was responthe Banza Manteke women regaled them sible for their deaths! The sorrows of with stories of similar miracles per- heathen motherhood are multiplied and formed during my residence there. It grievous to bear. A man puts away his all seemed too marvelous to be true, wife because she bears him no children. but there was the baby, its little heart He puts her away because she has born thumping away! Appreciation of their him many children, all of whom have doctor has been rather keener than usual died in infancy. the last few days. Their ignorance concerning their own In our next physiology hour we shall bodies, concerning the cause and treatreview the case and its handling, and ment of the most common ailments, is I shall try further to impress upon their appalling. Their slowness in apprehendminds that no miracle was wrought. ing our teaching concerning these vital What happened was but the result of matters is discouraging. But they must the application of certain methods which be taught, and I know of no better opthey may attempt to use. Infant mor- portunity anywhere in Kongo than we tality from asphyxiation and other causes have here at Kimpese for imparting this is appalling in this country. Tetanus needful instruction. Our students are neonatorum is a common cause of m- picked men from all our own and the * From The Watchman-Examiner.

English Baptist stations in the Lower nomena of this kind are directly attrib- Kongo, and are in residence here with uted to spirit interference, never to their wives and children three years. natural or preventable causes. After Over and over and over again both the quieting their fears, I carefully explained men and the women are drilled in the the immediate cause of the convulsion structure and functions of the body. and predicted another unless the mother They are instructed as to the cause, followed my instructions as to feeding. course and possible treatment, in the ab- I knew well enough that she did not sence of a physician, of the more com- believe in my explanation. But after a mon diseases. Village hygiene, diseases dozen or more times of secretly giving due to drinking infected water, those the child solid food, after everyone of transmitted by insects, source of hook- which the dreaded symptoms reappeared, worm and other parasitic infections are it finally began to sink into the father's all discussed, and practical means of mind, if not the mother's, that possibly combating these evils are suggested. the food really had something to do with the symptoms, and so they began to co- In my judgment the time for the operate with me in the care of the child. Kongo trained nurse has not yet arrived. The mother told me one day that I was Single unattached women of twenty-five quite mistaken as to the cause of the years of age are almost as rare as ice- trouble; that it was in the child's eyes, bergs in Kongo. Most girls marry when and burning medicine should be introfrom sixteen to twenty years of age. If duced in the eyes and its. back should widowed they soon remarry. The state be burned. I t happened that this case of society is still too primitive for the developed while the men were studying entry of the native trained nurse as we nervous physiology and it served to demknow her in America, India or China. onstrate many points. As there is a I have come to the conclusion that the history of epilepsy in the mother's imteachers and their wives are the key to mediate family, the case may well be an the situation. The more intelligent they instructive one to watch during the rebecome, the more training we can give maining two years of its residence here. them in the care of the sick and in pre- All such practical excursions into the ventive measures, the better. Kimpese mysterious realms hitherto sacred to offers a unique opportunity for th.is sort spirits is one way of convincing these of training, which appeals to me as more people that back of every such phenompracticable than training classes for enon is a natural and often preventable nurses. The Kimpese men will be the cause and not an evil, vengeful spirit. leaders in the districts to which they re- I often think that instruction in physiolturn. If they and their wives can min- ogy and allied subjects may be even more ister to the physical needs of their peo- potent than Biblical exposition in freein6 ple it is easily conceivable that they them from the fear and domination of may more readily gain their interest spiritism, their evil heritage from countin spiritual matters. In the good times less generations of fetish worshipers. that are coming the trained nurse will The healing of the sick is but a part of doubtless follow in their train. But for a medical missionary's duty in lands of the present I prefer to expend my ignorance and superstition. energy in training the former, and intend to do more and more along this The months while school is not in sesline. sion here are the busiest months in the medical department. I have quite as Not only class room but clinical in- large a dispensary practise here as I had struction extending through several years, at Banza Manteke, and so I usually find it may be, is possible here. A case in it difficult to get away from the station point is that of the two-year-old child for any length of time. I would like of one of the 'new students. A couple also to get my physiology lectures into of months ago it had an epileptoid seiz- text-book form and mimeograph them for ure due to improper feeding following next session's use. an acute attack of dysentery. All phe-

Woman's Federation

EDITED BY MRS. HENRY W. PEABODY, BEVERLY, MASSACHUSETTS THE EXECUTIVE COMMlTIEE OF THE FEDERATION OF WOMAN'S BOARDS OF FOREIGN MISSIONS OF NORTH AMERICA President-MRs. W,LL,AM A. MONTGOMERY, 110 Harvard St., Rochester, N. Y. Vice-President-Mlss MARGARET HODGE, 319 So.•pst St., Philadelphia, Pa.

Secretary-MRs. WILLIAM H. FARMER, 8 Draper Terrace, Montclair, N. J.

TreaJurer-M,ss O. H. LAWRENCE, 25 East 22nd St., N. Y.

CHAIRMEN OF COMMITTEES Methods of Work-MRS. ANNE R. ATWATER, College of Missions Buildings, Indianapolis, Ind. Summer Schools and Conferences-MRs. CHARLOTTE E. VICKERS, 3 [2 N. Elmwood Ave., Oak Park, III. Student Work-MRS. H. R. STEELE, 810 Broadway, Nashville, Tenn. Publications and Literature-MRs. HENRY W. PEABODY, Beverly, Mass. Christian Literature for Women and Children of Mission Lands-MIss ALICE KYLE, Congregational House, Boston, Mass. Interdenominational Institutions on the Foreign Field-MRS. WM. FRAZER McDoWELL, J509[ 16th St., N. W., Washington, D. C.

TTbe "Bulletin" and "TIle Re-vie,,'" church. To circulate such a magazine HE BULLETIN of the Federation of as this among the men and women of Women's Boards of Foreign Mis- our churches is one of the most valuable aids to missionary interests. sions becomes, with this issue, a part of THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE Some of our missionaries out on the W ORLp. We hope, by this change, to firing line would enjoy a subscription to gain in two ways. Women who read THE REVIEW more than anything you THE REVIEW will learn about the ac- could send them. Have you heard how tivities of the Federation of Women's the soldiers in the trenches wait eagerly Boards, and the rapidly growing inter- for newspapers and letters telling of the denominational work for women in victories in other parts of the battlemany foreign fields. field? Nothing strengthens and heart- ens the lonely missionary stations in Those who have read the BULLETIN Asia and Africa like news from those will now have an opportunity to come who, like themselves, are separated from in touch with the broader field and the great army. They need the inspirawider interests represented in THE RE- tion and strength that will come through VIEW each month. There are Christian the pages of THE REVIEW. They will women of such limited vision that they thank you twelve times a year if you read no missionary periodical at all, and will give them this proof of your care so know nothing of the great world for them. movements of the Church of God. Others have gained some knowledge If the members of your Missionary from their own denominational maga- Society will contribute five or ten' cents zines. Still others long to know of the each, you could send one subscription victories of the whole army of God and to the missionary and give one to your eagerly seek such material as THE RE- own pastor. His missionary sermons VIEW offers. would take on a new flavor with the in- spiration of THE REVIEW. It has al- What could be better this year than ready proved invaluable to many. a subscription for THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD as a Christmas Miss Leavis, whom many of the present to each of our Women's Mis- women have learned to know through sionary Societies? Anyone of us can her association with the Central Comearn a copy by securing; a club in our mittee on the United Study of Foreign

Missions, has a capital plan in her "Two The present membership of this com- Bird Club." She will tell you how to mittee is: Mrs. Henry W. Peabody, secure THE REVIEW without any expense, if you will write to her at West Chairman; Miss E. Harriet Stanwood, Medford, Mass. l1rs. Decatur M. Sawyer, Mrs. Frank This month we bring you an intro- Mason North, Mrs. James A. Vebb, duction to the Federation with its manv J r., Mrs. A. V. Pohlman, Miss Olivia interesting lines of work. Next month H. Lawrence, and Miss Grace T. CoLother activities will be presented, show- burn, Secretary and Treasurer. ing the work of various committees affiliated with the Federation. For ten years the Macmillan Com- pany published the text-books. The Com- 'rbe l:llite(l Stully of Foreis'u lllissions mittee then took the publishing business into its own hands. It has also issued THE organization of the Central Junior text-books for ten years and a Committee on the United Study of large amount of supplementary material, maps, pictures, programs, cl~arts, and Foreign Missions preceded by twelve leaflets. The work of the Committee is years that of the Federation of Wom- done in its office in Vest Medford, en's Boards of Foreign lV1issions. The Mass., where Miss M. H. Leavis has Committee came into being the year of been a most valuable helper and manthe Ecumenical Council, 1900, through ager for the past seven years. The sale the thought and plan of Miss Abbie B. of books during the sixteen years has Child. Miss Child, who was a member amounted to approximately a million of the World Committee, secured a place and a quarter. for the discussion of the topic of united study on the program of one of the The plan of Summer Schools for 'omen's meetings of the Ecumenical Woman's ~Iissionary Societies was in- Council in New York. There it met troduced by the Central Committee in with cordial approval. Later a commit- the year 1904. The first experiment tee was formed with five members who was made at Northfield. There are "now were appointed as representatives of as some thirtv such schools, each under its many of the leading Women's Boards own comn;ittce, doing effective work in of :Missions. various parts of the country.

The members on this first committee The Voman's Foreign Mission Jubiwere: Chairman, Miss Abbie B. Child; lee was also inaugurated by the Central Committee, which furnished the neces- :1rs. J. T. Gracey, of the Methodist sary machinery and organization for such a movement. At the close of the Church; ~1rs. Twing, of the Protestant Jubilee in 19I1 the Committee requested Episcopal Church; Miss Ellen Parsons, that a larger and more representative of th~ Preshyterian Board: and l1 rs, organization be formed and that this N. M. Waterbury (now Mr>. H. W. Committee confine its attention for the Peabody), of the Baptist Board; Miss future to publishing books, the purpose Clementina Butler acted as secretary for which it was organized. A plan of and treasurer. Later two other boards federation ,vas drawn up and put in appointed members, the Lutheran and operation in 1912. In January, I9I5, Dutch Reformed, thus covering seven of the plans were modified and improved the great denominational divisions of the and the Federation now has under its Church. The members appointed by general direction various lines of work, these boards were: 11rs. A. V. Pohlman, vhich are presented in this issue. of the Lutheran Board, and Miss Olivia H. Lawrence, of the Dutch Reformed.

WOMEN'S FEDERATIO)J

CHRISTIAN LITERATURE FOR. OTHER WOMEN AND CHILDREN BY MISS ALICE M. KYLE, CHAIRMAN, BOSTON, MASS.

THE Committee on Christian Litera- In addition to the work in China, ture for Oriental Women and Chil- small grants have been made to Mrs. Motte Martin, a missionary in Africa dren has been lengthening cords and of the Southern Presbyterian Board, to strengthening stakes during 1916 and enable her to realize a long-cherished laying plans for a forward movement dream and to translate some simple during the coming year. It is almost stories of child life for the little folks of overwhelming to face the opportunities the Belgian Congo, and $50 has also· in the foreign field and to attempt to been sent to Rev. A. C. Clayton, of meet the needs of the women and chil- Madras, India, to aid in publishing textdren of all non-Christian lands for pure books for the Tamil-speaking women in and wholesome reading. Especially is that district. this true in Japan, where even Christian women are tempted to read salacious The budget of the Committee for stories, translated from the lowest class 1916 was $1,500, and this sum has been of French novels. received and slightly exceeded during the fiscal year. In addition to the regular The work which the Committee ini- budget, a sum has been received and fortiated in 1914 has been carried on vig- warded for the splendid work of Miss orously and with success. Happy Child- Laura M. White in Shanghai, China, hood, the magazine for Chinese children, and has been used by her for various published in Shanghai and edited by books and pamphlets which are far- Mrs. Donald MacGillivray, has now a reaching in their influence. monthly edition of over 3,000 and the subscription list is still growing. This The plans of the Committee have been little illustrated pamphlet of about six- correlated with the great movement in teen pages goes out into almost every behalf of Christian Literature on the province of China and into Chinese Mission Field, in charge of the Amerihomes in Burmah and even in America. can Section of the Christian Literature During the past year this young but Commission of the Edinburgh Confergrowing child of the Committee has de- ence, and Mrs. Henry W. Peabody and veloped so many needs that the editor, Miss Alice M. Kyle have been asked to who serves without compensation, has share in its deputation work and to arbeen compelled to employ a Chinese stu- range for a meeting of the Woman's dent as helper, and a part of the salary Boards having headquarters in Chicago, of this young woman has been paid by in order that this important branch of the Committee. This is putting into the missionary work may be presented to practice the thought which was early in the women of that city. the minds of those who planned this interdenominational organization – that The Christian Literature Society for young women should be trained to de- Japan, having in charge the movement vote themselves to the preparation of in that country, has been asked to apbooks and magazines for their own peo- point three women on its Committee ple, and that the expenses of such a plan in order that the plans made by the should be met by the budget for Chris- Woman's Committee in the United tian Literature provided by the Wom- States may be in line with its larger an's Boards of Foreign Missions of the undertakings. The same is true in In- United States. At present the funds dia, where the Committee for Christian are not sufficient to do more than make Literature for India has been approached this modest beginning in Shanghai of and where as soon as practicable steps meeting part of the salary of Mrs. Mac- will be taken to start a magazine for Gillivray's helper. students in that vas't country, possibly at first with syndicated material prepared

in English :lI1ct reproduced in the ver- Bulletins giving further details of this naculars by the various mission presses work may be obtaine(t for free distribuaccording to their desire and oppartunity. tion from M. H. Lcavis, West l1edford, lVlass., or fram the headquarters of the Nor is the crying need of South various Woman's Boards of Foreign America and her Spanish-speaking neigh- Missions, also from the office of the bors lost sight of. The Woman's Com- Foreign Missions Boards of North mittee necessarily moves slowly because America, 2S Madison Avenue, New of inadequate funds for the tremendous York. Sample copies of Happy Childcall which it is facing, to give to sister hood will he sent on application to the women, to mothers and to children, the chairman. printed page in something of the abundance and helpfulness which is true in We would urge all Christian women our Christian homes. of whatever communion to remember this appealing and urgent cause and to During the year books and magazines assist by their gifts and their prayers in in English have been sent to mission- preparing and distributing helpful readaries through the agency of the Book ing matter to those Christian women and Periodical Club, a branch of the who are shut in by the customs and work assumed by the Woman's Com- prejudices of their own national life and whO' are calling to us, their highly famittee, now in charge of Miss Lila V. vored sisters, for instruction, far uplift- ing and for joy-bringing influences. North, Bradford Academy, Bradford, Mass., whO' is alsO' the treaSUler of the Committee.

SUMMER SCHOOLS AND CONFERENCES BY CHARLOTTE E. VICKERS SO remarkable has been the grawth af pared to become leaders, teachers and the Mission Study Movement since lecturers alang missionary lines.

that memorable accasian when, in big- There has been a constantly increas- ness af faith, the missianary wamen put ing demand all over the cauntry for in- forth the first mission study text-baok, formatian regarding those who are "Via Christi," following the Ecumenical equipped to dO' this wark. TO' abtain Cauncil held in New York in 1900, that the names of thooe fitted to' supply the it is with difficulty we realize that there demand, over thirty National Mission- ever was a time when we attempted to ary Boards have been cammunicated dO' the work af arousing an indifferent with and a number af responses have and lethargic Church withaut the aid af been received. From eleven denamina- the missianary text-baok, summer school, tions forty-six names af women who can narmal class and lecturer. Truly God qualify have been registered. As soon is encouraging the wamen thraugh past as possible after the annual meeting in successes to' "expect great things from January, 1917, "The Federation of Him and to' attempt great things for Woman's Boards of Foreign Missions of Him." North America" will publish a leaflet Missionary education has made great giving all thi, information.

progress, women have seen a visian, and have made that visian practical in a IIuportant Notice thausand ways, and have pressed for- WILL leaders of Summer Schoals af ward to new endeavor, urged by the Missions and Conferences kindly unlimited possibilities in the future. send programs, registrations (by States Preparation for service-"prepared- and denominations), and any ather infor- ness," if you will-is the demand of the mation that would be of special interest, women of to-day. Summer Schools, and, if passible, dates for halding the Winter Institutes and Extension Confer- 1917 sessians, to' CHARLOTTE E. VICK- ences are supplying that need to a large ERS, Chairman, 312 N. Elmwood Ave- extent, and women are thus being pre- nue, Oak Park, Illinais.

®.. BEST

DUU. . . ~::::.'=.~.::.::.':.."".DUU.".@ MISSIONARY METHODS IN YOUNG PEOPLE'S SOCIETIES BY R. P. ANDERSON, 31 MT. VERNON STREET, BOSTON Associate Editor of The Christian Endeavor World.

TWENTY years ago or marc a great the answer will in many cases be given, soap manufacturing firm ir. England "Here am I, send me."

decided to cut down its advertising. We propose to outline some plans that The firm's name was a household word, have been tried, with good effect, in vaand the manager believed that, advertis- rious lines of missionary work in young ing or no advertising, the sales would people's societies. maintain their high level. The Prayer Plan The advertising was curtailed and the sales immediately began to drop. At The Master Himself tells us to "pray the end of a year the firm was adver- the Lord of the harvest that He will tising more than ever, engaged in the send forth laborers into His harvest," rather stiff job of trying to regain lost and Paul, himself a missionary, contrade. To sell soap they had to "talk stantly calls for the prayers of the soap." Church for himself and his work. Some societies use a missionary calendar, giv- It is the same in the Kingdom of ing the name of definite missionaries or God. If the ChUlch were suddenly to definite fields for daily or weekly stop talking about missions (alas! how prayer. Usually a week is given to a many churches have already stopped, or field, the names of special missionaries have never begun!) missionary interest being added, and a calendar covering would die in a few years, except in the three or even six months prepared. Unhearts of an awakened few. People are less, however, vivid oral information is not born with missionary interest. Most also given relative to fields and missionpeople do not even seek it. Such inter- aries, the calendar is not likely to be of est must be thrust upon them. much use. Each week the calendar ought to be supplemented by a four or The time t.J begin to talk missions is five minutes' talk by one of the memin the springtime of life. If the thoughts bers, who will give some simple facts of the young people ot our churches can about the missionaries for whom prayer be turned upon evangelizing the world, is to be offered during the following we shall train up a generation of mis- week. To make sure that this is done, sionary-minded men and women who it is essential to have a missionary inwill give not only their substance but formation committee, whose duty it is to also themselves to Christ's cause in other see that these talks are given and that lands. the society is kept informed. Leave no loose ends. Ask the members to pr::y Already work done among young peo- for definite persons and things. The ple has borne rich fruit. Many a mis- missionary boards are glad to supply masionary now on the field caught the first terial for such talks, and the MISSIONvision of his life-work in the young peo- ARy REVIEW OF THE WORLD contains ple's society. Youth is the time of just the kind of information that IS vision. It is the ideal time for enlist- helpful. ment. The life-plans of the great majority of the members of societies are I nformation by Reading not yet crystallized. These young folks, more often than we imagine, are asking Some societies have stimulated interthemselves: What shall we do with our est by a reading contest between two lives? If Christ's call, "Whcm shall I send?" can be brought home to them,

sides, the members reading and outlining to them. They want to pit their in the meeting some missionary hooks. strength against others, to test their Where a scheme of this kind seems in- knowledge and ability. It is a part of advisable, a serial missionary biography their very life. Ve may use this tenmay be introduced. One of the mem- dency and consecrate it to the service of bers who has the gift of narration reads the Kingdom. some great, stirring missionary book at home and tells the story, chapter by The Model Missionary Meeting chapter, one chapter a night, in the society. Many young people imagine that Some societies, inspired with missiona missionary book is dull reading until ary enthusiasm, have formed flying they either read or hear read the life- squadrons to visit other societies and story of a great missionary. Perhaps one present to them model missionary meetof the greatest missionary books that ings. The size of the squadrons dehas been published in recent years is pends on the number of members that a "Mary Slessor of Calabar," by W. P. society can spare, say, once a month, but Livingstone (New York; Hodder and five or six is the usual number. One Stoughton), a volume that will forever effective method of carrying on this dispel the notion that missions and mis- squadron work was developed in Boston. sionary work are vapid and colorless. The particular squadron I have in mind The story of this woman's amazing life, believed that it could better hold the inor the story of almost any great mission- terest of the society it was visiting if it ary's life, will stir the imagination, set modified the idea of giving a model misthe heart on fire and create the desire sionary meeting by getting the members for more knowledge of a tremendously of the society to take some part. This interesting field. There can be no in- was done in the following way. The spiration in any line without informa- squadron leader prepared some question. Ten or fifteen minutes given in tions to which the replies could be given each meeting, for a time, to missionary in numbers. These numbers were writbiography will work wonders in any so- ten on cards, and the cards were disciety. A brief quiz should be held at tributed among the members of the soeach meeting on that part of the story cieties visited. Other questions were told the preceding evening. prepared, the answers to which called for a brief statement, and cards with Classes in Competition such statements were also handed around. The squadron leader introduced Mr. A. LaVerne Spafford, of Grand the subject, explaining that questions Rapids, Mich., tells us of a society in would be asked to which answers were Kalamazoo, Mich., which organized one supplied on the cards, and urging each mission-study class for boys and two one caref.ully to watch and supply the classes for girls. There were fifteen answer when he believed he had it on members in the boys' class and ten in his card. The leader put questions to each of the two classes for girls. The the other members of the squadron, who classes were conducted along the usual replied to. the questions and gave each lines, but they had the stimulus of com- a short talk. Everybody was kept on petition as to the amount of knowledge the lookout, when a question was assimilated. The effect was seen in an asked, to see if his or her card gave the entirely new interest in missions in that correct answer. Some amusing mistakes society, and a larger sum was raised for were made, which served to increase the missions that year than the society had interest. The method was simple, and ever raised before. An interesting it proved both popular and practical. feature of such a scheme would be a public quiz, or missionary spelling-bee, on Missionary Standards the subject studied by the classes. We are dealing with young people at an age The young people's society will find when the contest idea appeals strongly its work greatly facilitated if, at the be- ginning of the working year, it adopts

METHODS

a definite standard for its effort. Much 2. At least twelve missionary meetof our work falls short of its full possibility because the aim is too general. ings in the year. Young people take heartily to specific 3. A missionary reading-circle or a tasks, the more definite the better, and they eagerly try to follow whatever reading-contest. definite plans are suggested to carry their 4- Provision for missionary contrihutasks to completion. Many State Christian Endeavor Unions, alive to this fact, tions in the society's budget of expenses. taught by long experience, outline a se- 5. Seventy-five per cent of the active ries of standards, year by. year, for their members to follow. members enrolled as systematic givers To illustrate: the Illinois Union has to missions. issued a series of graded policies for so- 6. Annual contributions to each of cieties in the State. The first policy suggests a minimum of work that any our denominational boards, direct or missionary committee should be willing through the church treasurer. to put through. Many societies will start with the second, or even the third 7. One mission-study class at least. policy; but the idea is to have all socie- 8. The use of group-impersonations in ties make a definite beginning, those using the first policy this year to pass on at least two of the missionary meetings. to the second next year, and so on to 9. Conduct some form of missionary the third. The policies follow: work in our community, as opportunitv offers.

10. The introduction of missionary- education material into all meetings when possible.

II. A yearly canvass of the church for subscriptions to the denominational papers, missionary magazines, and The Christian Endeavor World.

12. Systematic training in Christian stewardship and tithing.

13. The enrolment of an informal prayer band, the members of which agree to pray daily for missions.

POLICY NO. I Missionary work in young people's so- cieties cannot be made interesting or suc- Trusting in the Lord Jesus Christ for cessful unless brains and time are put strength 'Loe, the members of the mis- into the plans. These standards are sug- sionary committee, agree to attempt to gestions. They may be altered in any carry out the following plans during way a society chooses. The great thing our term: is to have definite standards, a clear and visible goal, and then make for it with I. An organized committee of at least might and main. five members, to each of whom definite duties are assigned. A Missionary Bookmark 2. At least six missionary meetings a A missionary bookmark is simply a re- year. minder. It may also be used as a mis- sionary calendar. On one side may be 3. A missionary reading-circle or a printed the names of the missionaries for reading-contest. whom prayer is desired, and the dates given to each missionary.. On the other 4. Seventy-five per cent of the active side may be printed missionary texts or members enrolled as systematic givers great missionary sayings, or the dates to missions. and subjects of the society's missionary meetings. 5. Annual contributions to each of our denominational boards, direct or through Tithing Week for Missions the church treasurer. The ideal way to secure funds for POLICY NO.2 missionary work, and, indeed, for all church work, is to train church members This is the same as the first policy, to give to God one-tenth of their inwith the addition of the following come, the sacred tenth, and to use dupoints: plex envelopes in which to place their weekly gifts. No large number of young 6. At least one mission-study class. 7. The use of group-impersonations in at least two missionary meetings. 8. Conduct some missionary work in our community, if opportunity offers.

POLICY NO.3 I. An organized committee of at least five members, at least two of whom have served on the previous committee, defi- nite duties to be assigned to each.

people will undertake to give tithes to "1 A4i.l'.I'iOll Trust Company the Lord without a very careful and persistent campaign of education. Lit- A young people's society in Galesville, erature must be secured and distributed Wis., hit upon the idea of a mission trust every two weeks or so for a period of company. Miss Ella D. Kneeland, the not less than six months.* The sub- missionary chairman at the time, issued ject must be talked up enthusiastically, shares like the following: and the blessing of tithing shown. The society, a majority of whose members No …….. Shares . …. , .. gives tithes, will never have trouble about raising missionary or any other "Go YE ,INTO ALL THE WORLD" money. This certifies that ……………… . A step in the direction of tithing may is the owner of. ~ …… shares of capibe taken by having a tithing week for tal stock of miSSiOns. This plan was tried in the South, where the Endeavorers all over THE GALESVILLE CHRISTIAN ENDEAVOR the southern States set apart the week of May 22-28 as tithing week for this MISSION TRusr COMPANY purpose. The money went into the society's treasury and was paid, not to Shares twenty-five cents each Christian Endeavor, but to the various denominational missionary boards. The Nearly every member bought one advertising was done through the local share and some took four shares. The paper, The Dixie Endeavorer, leaflets plan was adopted to help to pay a pledge explaining the plan were sent out, and to missions, and it brought in more than also special envelopes for the gifts. was needed. It may be added that the Printed on these envelopes was this mes- missionary committee invited all the sage: stockholders of the company to a party at the home of one of the members, c. E. TITHING WEEK FOR MISSIONS-MAY where a fine social time was spent. 22-28, 1916 Macedonian Call I will give at least one-tenth of my income for the week of May 22-28 to During a great gathering of young the missionary work of my denomina- people in Chicago last fall one of the tion through the Christian Endeavor periods given to missionary instruction treasurer. was entitled "Macedonian Calls for Life-Work Recruits." This Life-Work I have no regular income but I will Recruit movement originated, we believe, earn as much as I can during the week among Endeavorers in Ohio. Believing of May 22-28, to be given to the mis- that many young people were ready to sionarv work of my denomination promise the Master of men that they through the Christian Endeavor treas- would shape their studies and their lives urer. so that, if He called them, they would be ready to obey the summons and de- Sign tbis and return it to treasurer of vote their full time to His work at home your society who will make a record of or abroad, some of the leaders, a few it and return the envelope to you to en- years ago, printed a Life-Work Recruit close your offering on May 28. pledge which has won large acceptance in Endeavor circles. The idea has * Leallets and tithing literature may be spread all over the States and is now an important feature of Christian Endeavor secured from "Layman," 143 N. Wabash work. The card is given by the Min- Avenue, Chicago, III. A self-addressed nesota Christian Endeavor Union to envelope to him will bring full informa- Recruits to sign and keep. The pledge tion. See also leallet by Robert E. Speer reads: from the December, 1916, REVIEW (1 cent each).

"Feeling myself called by the Holy gram awaits the young people-Korea, perhaps, this time. The customs of the Spirit, and trusting in tlte Lord Jeslls country are shown or described, and Ko- Christ for strength, I promi.'e Him thai reans in costume are ready to give facts about their native land. Solos and reci- I 'will from this day strive to shape the tations are, of course, in order. plans of my life so that I may give my- self wholly to the service of Christ and the Church."

Thousands of young people have al- So country after country is visited, ready signed these pledges. Some of the each one in a different house, and the young folks are now on the foreign evening winds up with a social time at field; some are in home mission work; the last house. The plan may be carothers are in training. In the Chicago ried out in a single church, using differmeeting, referred to above, the "calls" ent rooms for the different countries.

were brought to the gathering by the Ii Missionary Slogan pastor's assistant of a large city church, a worker from a slum district, a home This missionary slogan was entirely missionary, a Japanese student converted home-made. In the original the large to Christianity by foreign missions iLl letters were stencilled, white on black Japan, and a busy Chicago pastor. A ground, and the small letters were Life-Work Recruit meeting in a society printed with a broad-pointed pen. Noshould form the climax of a period of tice the motto at the bottom. This is educational mission study. Information one that has stirred the hearts of many first! Who knows but Livingstones and young people to larger endeavor. Moffatts and Hudson Taylors are waiting for just such a call?

The Peripatetic Missionary Meeting C. E. MISSIONARY SLOGAN The peripatetic missionary meeting should be advertised as a personally con- For the Year ducted tour around the world. $60 After a happy sing at the place of FOR MISSIONS meeting, usually the church, the company is told that it is to be taken to a Will you do your share? strange land, the name of which each We can do it if we w;ll. one must guess when he or she gets We must do it if we can. there. The young people set forth, fol- lowing the leader, and, preferably, Ii Mammoth Thermometer marching in twos or threes. The first stop is made at the home of a member, Mr. John Sorenson, of Council or, it may be, at some other church, Bluffs, Iowa, tells how the Second Preswhere a room has been decorated to rep- resent a certain country, say China. byterian Society of that city constructed The kow-towing attendants are in cos- a mammoth thermometer for the collectume, and pictures of the country are on tion of money for missions. walls and tables. The pictures may be taken from magazines. Curios are also A piece of smooth lumber, one inch displayed. The host or hostess, or both, thick and ten feet six inches long, was give some facts about China, its mis- secured. The top was rounded off to give it the appearance of a thermome- sions, its needs, call attention to the ter, and a long, rounded groove, one- curios and pictures, explaining them. half inch deep, was cut nearly the whole One or two hymns may be sung and re- length of the wood. freshments served-but that will depend Then some glass tubes were securedon local conditions or the program at steam-gauges were used-twelve or places of call later on. more inches in length. These tubes The company again sets forth to visit were placed in the groove and fixed in another country, where a similar pro- position by small bands of brass, one-

quarter inch broad, laid over the joints who arc perfectly contrnt with the be- of the tubes and fa3tcned (0 the board by lids they already have. This is the tacks. rathcr shallow view 0ppollcnts of mis- sions often express. A study of missions, If tubes cannot be procured, get a however, shows that enormously more long strip of galvanized iron cut the important issues are involved. Chicago length of the groove and wide enough Endeavorers recently organized 193 to go around a one-half inch water-pipe, mission-study classes. Among the leaving an open space of about one- printed matter advertising these classes eighth of an inch all the way up. The the following six replies to the ques- galvanized iron may be hammered into tion, "What was the chief gain you deshape, around the pipe, with a wooden rived from the study of missions?" were mallet. Place this galvanized iron tube used. Here are the answers: ' in the groove instead of the glass tubes, and leave the opening outward so that I. A clearer realization of the probyou may be able to see the pennies, nickels lems confronting the world. or dimes that are put into the tube. 2. A larger idea at what the Chris- Pile fifty coins on top of one another tian life means. and measure carefully the space they occupy. Now mark the thermometer at 3. A wider knowledge of economic intervals of fifty coins. The figures and social conditions. may be burned into the wood with a pyrographic outfit. 4. A new idea of the glory of a life spent in leading others to a knowledge For the mercury bulb at the bottom of Jesus Christ. get a three-inch wooden ball and saw it in two. Bore a hole through the ther- 5. A realization of the superiority mometer at the place where the bulb is of the Christian religion. to be fixed and fasten the one-half of the bulb to the thermometer by means 6. A realization of unlimited opporof a screw from the back, so that the tunity in missions as a life-work. bulb may be removed when you want to take out the money. These suggest topics that any society may work up in preparing for mission- The young people endeavor to fill the study classes, or in trying to arouse intube with the coins, which are put in at terest in the larger aspects of missions. the top. They will turn over and lie flat when they reach the bottom, and Finally the figures on the thermometer indicate the amount collected. The young people's society forms one of the finest fields for the church's mis- Such a thermometer can be used many sionary educational efforts. It is a field times. It has the advantage of being often neglected in the local church. If easily adapted to the needs of a contest. there is in the church a man or woman and can be loaned to the Sunday School whose heart is afire for missions, the or to other societies. Two tubes may thing to do is to get into touch with the be placed on the thermometer instead of missionary committee of the young peoone, and two sides can try to fill each ple's society. If its members have ideas, its own tube. The thermometer may help the young people to work them out. be made a permanent affair in a society Help by suggestion and kindly advice, and used to collect any odd missionary not by dictation or by doing the work. pennies the members may have with If the young people have no ideas, sug- gest things to them. Show them how to them. make meetings interesting. Coach them. Pray with them and for them. And Why Study Missions? work with them. One successful mis- sionary meeting will make them eager Until one has made a study of mIs- fo,r more. Confidence will rise, and insions one may have the idea that mis- terest with confidence, until the whole sions concern themselves merely with society catches the vision of winning the changing the religious views of people world for Jesus Christ.

fROM MANY 1ANDS

~(JR'l'H A1UERICA tirely by the wishes of the community residents in each case. The Growth of Christian Endeavor Chicago Y. M. C. A. Missions TIfE United Society of Christian En- deavor gives new evidence of grow- FIVE years ago the total foreign mis- sionary budget of the Chicago ing strength in many directions. During the past twelve months nearly 3,500 Young Men's Christian Association was new societies have been formed. The $4,000. This was devoted to the suptwo-year campaign for 10,000 new socie- port of two secretaries in Hongkong ties and a million new members not only and to a few scattering enterprises. Last for the societies but for the churches year the total gifts from the Association will probably be successful. . . . and its friends for the foreign work and the army work in Europe reached the The reports from the South are espe- splendid total of $89,81I.50. This is cially encouraging. In this field, which larger than the total cost of the conduct heretofore has been backward in Chris- of the city Association. In other words, tian Endeavor, over 700 new societies the time has come in the Chicago Y ollng have been formed within the year in Men's Christian Association when the white churches. budget for benevolence is greater than for current expenses. With these re- A Sunday Sehoul Centennial sources the salaries of thirteen secretaries are paid and four others are partially THE American Sunday School Union supported. is preparing to celebrate its one hun- A Chicago editor, commenting on dredth anniversary next year. this, says: "We do not know of any At present it has over 230 active mis- other foreign missionary program that has been carried out within the last five sionaries at work in the United States, years with such astonishing gain In their object being to establish and equip financial resources and effi.ciency of Sunday Schools in communities which equipment." are without religious development. These schools are founded on union The Battle Creeli: Conferences principles, under which the people of each community are brought together in UNDER the presidency of Dr. James common worship. L. Barton, Secretary of the Ame;'i- The work is very frequently in unde- can Board, and at the generous invitaveloped sections of the country, difficult tion of Dr. J. H. Kellogg and the Battle of access, and many of them, especially Creek Sanitarium, the Eighth Annual in the earlier days, have experienced Medical Missionary Conference, held at hardships of almost every conceivable Battle Creek. Mich., from November kind. 29 to December 30, was a noteworthy occasion. The program was made up of During the past year nearly fifteen unusually strong speakers from prachundred new Sunday Schools have been tically every mission board and all the organized, into which over seven thou- mission fields. The motion pictures each sand teachers and over sixty-eight thou- evening by Rev. Sumner R: Vinton were sand scholars have been gathered. The remarkable, and the addresses by missociety's representatives also visited and sionaries, medical and clerical, were very rendered aid to 14,753 schools. instructive. About one hundred and sixty delegates registered, and there were, The American Sunday School Union besides, many distinguished visitors. Ilis undenominational. Its board of mana- luminating addresses were given by Dr. gers consists of laymen, representing John F. Goucher on "The Coming of seven different denominations. A large percentage of the Sunday Schools organized later develop into denominational churches, all of which is governed en-

the Kingdom," by Dr. James L. Barton spend the next year. Probably this is on "The Disintegration of Islam," by the only missionary society in the world Rev. W. R. Stewart on "Christian Stu- to adopt this plan. Hitherto large supdent Movement in China," by Rev. Jo- porters of the society have been Roman seph Clark on "Progress in Africa," and Catholics in France, Germany and Aus- tria. N ow Roman Catholics of A]nerby Dr. J. H. Franklin on the "Spiritual ica are called upon to assume a burden previously divided among older Roman Side of Medical Missions." The Con- Catholic peoples. American Roman ference would have been still more ef- Catholics gave last year some forty thoufected if there had been fewer addresses sand dollars more than ever before, and and more time for informal conference. made America's contribution more than a quarter of a million dollars. The arch- NeW' Records in Methodist Missions diocese of New York contributed $191,000, an amount almost equal to I N spite of disturbed conditions owing what France gives in normal times. to the European War, the total re- American contributors are singled out ceipts of the Board of Foreign Missions for specific mention in the report because of the Methodist Episcopal Church for of the notable growth of financial sup- 1916 were $1,933,256.31. This shows port given to missions in America within a total increase of $232,682.51 over the last century. 1915, which had held the record as a banner year. All Indian COlun1issioll IhO'g'ed This statement was made at the an- THOSE interested in the welfare of nual meeting of the Board, held in New the American Indian find in the York in the autumn. Figures were given for forty-three mission fields. This platform of the annual Lake Mohonk has been a record year, not only in the Conference on the Indian and Other amount of money raised, but in the num- Dependent Peoples the most adequate ber of workers sent out. The Board has summary of the Indian situation. The sent out ninety-four new missionaries in 1916 Conference made the following the past twelve months. Twenty-six constructive recommendation: have gone to India, twenty-five to China, fourteen each to Malaysia and South "A permanent, stable and developing America, four to Africa, three each to policy is essential. We therefore urge Japan, Burma and Mexico, and two to the creation of a non-partisan, independthe Philippines. ent commission, permanent in its charac- ter, which should make a careful exami- NeW' Buildings for Berea College nation of the mass of Indian legislation on our statute books and from it develop A T the last meeting of the trustees of an Indian law, general in its provisions, Berea College, Berea, Kentucky, comprehensive in its policy, forwardplans were discussed for new buildings looking in its purpose. Such law, when and a greater endowment for the college. enacted by Congress, should take the It was decided to create five departments, place of all existing legislation except each presenting its own type of educa- permanent treaties, and thereafter the tion, with a grouping of buildings to re- administration of this law and the applisemble that of an English university. cation of its principles to the varying con- The departments will be known as Col- ditions of the various tribes should be legiate, Vocational, Normal, Secondary, left by the Congress to the commission, and Foundation. The buidings are to be to which should be committed the entire of colonial architecture. It was also de- charge of the Indian service. We urge cided to establish chairs in forestry, rural this plan, not only to secure greater economics and rural education. economy and efficiency but also to pro- mote a consistent, continuing and devel- ROlDan Catholic Finances oping policy-a need recognized as of the utmost importance by all workers in A NOTABLE feature in the method by which the Roman Catholics conduct their missionary propaganda is that they collect one year the money they

FROM MANY LANDS

the Indian service. The ultimate object building of the Polytechnic Institute of of this policy should be to bring the pres- Porto Rico. ent abnormal condition of the Indian to an end as speedily as possible by the in- A Crowded School in Cuba corporation of the Indian in the general citizenship of the nation." FROM the Colegios Internacionales, Cristo, Cuba, comes an encouraging Russians In Canada report. The school has never been so T HERE are now about 100,000 Rus- full as at the present time. Already they sians in Canada. They have set- have 123 boarders, and many have had to tled chiefly in the west, though there are be turned away for lack of accommodaconsiderable colonies in eastern towns tions: President Routledge writes to the and cities. In the centers thev are usu- Baptist Home Mission Society, which ally laborers, working on th~ railways supports the school: "If we only had tbe or streets or in factories. In the rural $38,000 for the new buildings which you districts many of them till their own propose to give, we could fill those buildfarms, living, however, in villages, and ings almost at once. The work will clinging to the ways of the mother-coun- have to be undertaken at an early date try. There are Greek Orthodox or the opportunity will pass on and may churches and priests in these colonies. not return." From the beginning this Bishops, too, have been located in east- institution has had unusual success. The ern and western Canada. But, while college itself is of the grade of the Cuban the Greek ritual is diligently practised, provincial institutes. There is a preparalittle instruction in Bible truth is given tory department and also a normal deand the pure gospel is not proclaimed. partment, where teachers for primary The Canadian churches have done little schools receive their training, and a theofor these newcomers. The Baptists have logical department for the Baptist native a very few missionaries among them. preachers. When non-Protestant parents The Presbyterian Church confines itself are willing to pay as much as twenty-five to its mission in Winnipeg. dollars a month to send their boys and girls to Cristo College, surely the neces- 1,ATIN-A1UERICA sary room should be provided for them. The Christian atmosphere of the school Porto Rico Christian Students is fine, and each year sees numbers of its students, future leaders in Church and THE Polytechnic Institute in Porto State, brought to a knowledge of our Master as their personal Lord and Sa- Rico the past June had the distinc- vIOur. tion of graduating the first class of students from a Christian industrial insti- All Opportunity in Uruguay tution in the 400 years' history of the West Indies. Five boys and one girl I N Cerro, one of the suburbs of the composed the membership of this class. growing city of Montevideo, U ru- guay, and itself a community of about Students come to the school from all 12,000 people, an earnest Sunday School parts of the island and San Domingo, on worker, Miss Estella C. Long, has refoot, in ox carts, on horseback, in boats, cently been doing some remarkable work. on trains and in automobiles, and the When Miss Long went there, seven spirit of co-operation and service is so months ago, she found a Sunday School strong that rich and poor work side by of fifteen; to-day there are 170 in the side in the most menial or hardest man- Spanish Department and twenty in the uallabor. English Department. This Sunday School meets in her house, which has four There was an average of ninety-one rooms and two large enclosed patios. It students enrolled last year, and the in- begins at 3.30, but as early as 1 o'clock come from student labor-which goes the children gather at the door, and they into permanent improvement of the in- are all there long before the school starts. stitute-for the year ending August 31, 1916, was $4,904.20. This year 166 students are working as a unit in the up-

In Montevideo are located two of the The Pocket Testament Leag'ue at the great packing houses-Swift's and Morris Brothers. Over 2,000 of Swift's Front workmen have formed a club, with a night school, and Miss Long gives them pROBABLY no other agency is be- English lessons once a week. A class of ing more used of God among the sixty women and children come once a week for a sewing circle; two hundred soldiers of Europe than the Pocket Tesgirls and women from Swift's canning tament League. Through its instrumenfactory have asked what can be done for tality hundreds of thousands of men at them. Fifty boys and girls and yaung the front have accepted Christ. The men are gathered in the morning and League is a soul-winning, Bible reading evening classes. movement, which in the eight years since it was officially launched in Philadelphia 'J'HE BRITISH ISLES by Dr. J. Wilbur Chapman and Mr. War ArguJUents Against Aleollol Charles M. Alexander has spread around REPORTS come from England that the world. The pledge to carry a Bible the new Lloyd George Cabinet will or Testament and to read a chapter each day has been signed by over three million favor national prohibition as a war meas- members. ure. Not long ago there was presented to the British Government a petition Small khaki Pocket Testam~nts, issued eleven miles long, the burden of which by the Pocket Testament League, have was a prayer for the prohibition of tlie been sent to the military training camps liquor traffic during the war and for six of Europe as fast as the printing presses months thereafter. Every class of citi- could produce them. The result is exzens was represented, but workingmen emplified in the following incident: are said to be in the majority. Many soldiers and sailors put their names to the A few days after the Pocket Testarequest, and one sheet was entirely made ment League work began among the solup of army officers of high rank. A con- diers on Salisbury Plain, a Sergeant siderable proportion of the memorialists came to the workers and asked for "one are not total abstainers, but men who of the little Books." He said, "My feel that England in time of war cannot squad was the worst in the whole camp, afford to waste her vitality with alcohol. and I could not maintain discipline and Here are the arguments used for pro- was about to resign. This morning the hibition: men gathered round me after drill and said, 'Sergeant, don't we have better dis- I t hinders the army, delays munitions, cipline than we used to have?' I replied, keeps thousands of men from war work, 'Yes.' 'Do vou know what has done it?' makes good workmen second rate. carne from the men. Immediately they all pulled out the little Testaments, say- Hampers the navy, delays transports, ing, 'It's up to you, Sergeant, to join, places them at the mercy of submarines, too.' So I have come to sign up the slows down repairs and congests docks. Pocket Testament League Pledge."

Threatens the mercantile marine, ab- ."'- IJnite-tl Free Church of En~'lan«l? sorbing during the war between 60,000,- 000 and 70,000,000 cubic feet of space, T HE meeting of the joint committee, and retards building of ships. representing thirteen denominations, to consider proposals for a United Free Destroys food supplies; in twenty Church of England, was held recently months of war it consumed over 2,500,- at Mansfield College, Oxford, with 000 tons of food, with sugar enough to last the nation eighty days, and uses up Rev. J. H. Shakespeare presiding. Eighmore sugar than the army. ty-two members were present, and Wastes our financial strength; in the progress was made toward an ultimate first twenty months of the war our peo- working program. The committee which ple spent on alcohol 300,000,000 sterling. had in charge the basis of federation re- ported that it felt any federation of churches should admit communicants to communion at all free churches alike. It

FROM MANY LANDS

was also recommended that a federal from the appeals issued by the commitcouncil be created, "consisting of mem- tees which are seeking to raise funds for bers duly appointed by the assemblies or their relief: supreme courts" of the federating churches, and that this council should "Fourteen million Poles, including all have general advisory powers, together the children under seven years of age, with such executive and administrative have already been wiped out of existence. powers as the churches might give to it Five hundred thousand young Polish later. These suggestions were adopted girls have had their lives shattered by by the joint committee, and special com- the greatest tragedy that can come to a mittees were appointed on faith, consti- woman. More than 200 towns have tution, evangelization and the ministry. completely disappeared; 20,500 villages Another meeting will be held in the have been leveled to the ground; 1,600 spring to hear the reports of these four churches are in ruins. The loss in propcommittees, when the first-named body erty destroyed exceeds $11,000,000,000. will present a declaratory statement of The whole country is but a vast cemetery. the common faith of the evangelical free Money reaches Poland without delaychurches of England, and the committee by way of Switzerland. The embargo on constitution will outline a working concerns only foodstuffs and raw maagreement. terials."

A Sunday School Ca'lnpaign "Of the three hundred and seventy- five thousand Albanians made homeless THE London Sunday School Union during the work of devastation and con- is undertaking to raise $125,000, to quest carried on by Servia, Greece and l10nte'negro in 1913, 1914 and 1915, at be used in an aggressive campaign for least one hundred and fifty thousand have Sunday School development, to meet the died of starvation. The rest will die. crisis that has overtaken Europe, not only With them will die three or four hunin relation to the war, but in the decline in Sunday School attendance reported . dred thousand victims of the famine." from all denominations as having set in prior to the war. Of this amount, it is :Ualagasy Christians in Europe planned to use $25,000 for the extension of institute work to help the soldier I T is one of the unexpected results of boys on their return from the war; the war that French Christians $25,000 to develop the Continental Sun- should have an opportunity of seeing the day School work of the Union; $25 ,(XJo products of missionary work in Madafor extension of Sundav School teacher- gascar. training in India and China; $25,000 for aiding the weak schools of local Unions, A number of :Malagasy Christians and $25,000 for the extension of Junior have come to France as sharpshooters, or Departmental work, aiding isolated rural artisans, or employed in various branches district schools, assisting the Sunday of munition work, or as cattle drivers. School Union Children's Convalescent The Paris Missionary Society has been Homes, providing for teachers' training able to arrange that one of its missionand strengthening the general adminis- aries, M. Parisot, should be attached to trative funds of the Sunday School a Malagasy regiment as hospital orderly. Union. At Versailles and elsewhere, Protestant THE CONTINEN'r pastors have been greatly pleased to see Malagasy attending the services; and in AI,peals for Polalul antI Albania the military zone Protestant chaplains report a similar experience. One of THOSE who are familiar with the these, walking through the village where conditions in both Poland and Al- he is stationed, observed a colored man reading the Bible in a strange tongue to bania can apparently not find words to a group of fellow-countrymen; they describe the distressing plight of the peo- proved to be Malagasy drovers. Forty ple of both these countries. We quote of them attended service on Sunday, where they helped greatly in the singing.

A letter from a nurse in the French with the largest enrollment in its hiscamp at Salonika tells how a little group tory and a staff of instructors doing of Protestants, consisting of the pastor, vigorous work. four French soldiers, herself and another nurse, were cheered by the arrival of a Of the 290 girls in the college and hundred Malagasy, and by their ad- preparatory departments last year there mirable and hearty singing of hymns in were 63 Turks, 102 Armenians, 26 Bultheir own language. garians, 62 Greeks, and Russians, Per- sians, Italians, Albanians, Americans and AA. Cll.ristian Nurse in l-Ionastir Jews. Among the Turkish girls were LETTER from Miss Mary L. fourteen whose tuition is being paid by .i. Matthews, principal of the Girls' the Turkish Government and who are Boarding and High School in Monastir, expected to become teachers. Another gives an idea of the steadfastness in the Turkish student was a grand-daughter midst of changes which is characteristic of the late Kiamil Pasha, who was Grand of Christian missionaries. When Miss Vizier. Matthews reached Monastir, in September, 1915, she vas for a time in Serbian This year the enrollment has reached territory. Presently Bulgaria regained 400. Most of the girls, of course, live the city, and the missionaries received no in Constantinople, as conditions caused mail after October 18 until February 5· by the war make it almost impossible The school has not been interrupted to get into the city from outside. The at' all. college has succeeded in protecting the Armenian girls in its student body very lVliss Matthews writes: "Sister Hilda effectually, and in several cases, when (Miss Hawley), who is in Monastir, Armenian families were deported from came in the fall, while this city was still Constantinople last year, their daughters, in Serbia, and was given charge of the students in the college, were allowed to military hospital, the largest in the city. remaIn. What it meant for a young woman to go, as the only trilined nurse, into such The trustees of the college are seeka place and clean up the wards and the ing to raise $1,000,000 for additional patients until they were free from ver- equipment. min, can best be appreciated by one who saw the conditions before and afterward. NenT Ot,euing,s ill Asia Minor When the Bulgarians came, Sister Hilda withdrew, as she was not sure what the REV. ROB E R T STAPLETON new government would desire. But the sailed from America on November Bulgarian officials had heard of her efficient service, and gave her a cordial in- 9 to resume his work at Erzroom, which vitation and a welcome back to the hos- is now, with four other stations of the pital. She has been there for months, American Board in Eastern Turkey, unand has done a wonderful work. She is der the Russian flag. As practically the giving an object lesson in real Christian- entire Armenian population of Erzroom [ty which will not be forgotten." has been wiped out, Mr. Stapleton ex- pects to work for the Russians and JUOSLEM LANDS Turks. There are about 2Q,000 of the latter in the city and in great need for «on~tnntinoI,]e Colleg"c for Gi1'lH .food and clothing. These peasant Turks have been friendly all along, most of THE return to America of Dr. Mary them deprecating the brutality of their .Mills Patrick, President of the Con- government toward their Armenian neighbors, and now they are so tenderstantinople College for' Girls, has di- hearted toward our missionaries that it rected attention to what has been called should be possible to reach many of them "one of the miracles of the time," with the Gospel. President White, of namely, that the college could pursue its ::'vlarsovan, also reports that fully 80 per work during the wars of the last few cent. of the Turks of Anatolia are kindly years and come up to the present year disposed and deeply regret the Arme- nian atrocities. The bearing of this fact

FROM MANY LANDS

upon the future of the work in Turkey Rey. Alden H. Clark, of Ahmednagar, is highly significant. If the war should wTltes to the donor as follows: result in taking up work for the Moslems, it will be a return to the original "I must tell you of the inspiring way purpose of the missionaries when they in which this campaign has opened. A went out to Turkey in I8Ig. The doors village named Chikhale has often excited of opportunity are now swinging in that my interest and desire. Last Saturday direction. I 'learned from one of our Marathi pas- tors that some of the people were eager ""- Call from Persia to come out as Christians and that he had made an engagement for me to meet BISHOP STILEMAN, of the C. them. On the way the pastor told me ]Vi. S., who has been at work in many interestin!!: things about the Ma- hars of this village. There are twenty- Persia since 188g, writes: "We have five households containing over one been eagerly awaiting the signal to ad- hundred people and they appear far vance. The preparatory work has been more energetic and intelligent and far satisfactorily done in Ispahan, Kerman, less poverty stricken than most Mahars. Yezd and Shiraz. Our medical missions This whole community had urgently have prepared the way. They have begged the pastor to send them a Chrisseized and consolidated important strate- tian teacher. If we would only send gic positIOns. Prejudice against the re- one who could instruct them and their ligion of Christ has been, in great meas- children in Christian things they would ure, removed. Hearts have been soft- come out as Christians in a body." ened, homes have been won. Friends have been raised up everywhere. A new Bombay Wo:m.en Enlist era seems to have dawned. There is more religious liberty than ever before, FOR many years there have been anand doors are thrown widely open in all nual meetings in Bombay for Maradirections. A great demand for education has arisen, which at present can thi-speaking Indian Christian women. be met only by Christian teachers. How This year it was decided to use the opare we meeting the crisis? Alas! we portunity to bring before the women the have met it thus far by hauling down evangelistic forward movement, and to our colors and retiring from Shiraz, encourage them to take their share in it. which had been occupied and held at A series of addresses was given on "Our considerable sacrifice. In that city, sa- responsibility, as women, in respect to the cred to the memory of Henry Martyn, evangelistic forward movement." Spethere is no longer any Christian mission- cial emphasis was laid on the building arv. The Stuart Memorial College in up of personal spiritual life by means of lspahan is awaiting completion, and Bible study, prayer and praise, and by would have already been occupied had service for others. the necessary funds been available. Two new hospitals and the church in Ker- On the last day a hundred and eighman have their sites waiting for them, teen women enrolled themselves as but they cannot be erected until the members of small Bible Circles, to meet money is forthcoming." for weekly discussion on their daily private Bible study. Sixty-six promised INDIA, BUR1UA, CEYI,ON to pray daily for one or more individuals and to seek to win them for Christ. r.rbe F'iffy-If'ifty IJlan Twenty-eight promised to try to teach one woman to read her Bible, within a I T will be remembered that aNew year. The results ought to be far-reach- England business man last May gave ing and full of blessing for Bombay and $10,000 to put fifty native pastors and even beyond it. teachers in fifty hitherto un reached villages in India. The plan has been put oWJlat It Means to Close a School into operation in the Marathi and Ma- WING to the shortage of Indian dura Missions of the American Board, teachers, due to lack of funds, the and already the returns are coming in. missionaries in the Ellore district of the

Telugu Country have found it imprac- CHINA, MANCHURIA, MONGOLIA ticable to forge ahead as they would like to do. There is no lack of openings, Refuge in Mission CompoundM and several new centers have been oc- cupied. Rev. E. S. Tanner, of the IN the opinion of Mr. Burt, a mIS- Church Missionary Society, writes: sionary in China, the work of mis- "All our village schoolmasters are sions has been less retarded by the war also quasi-pastors; each being in charge than by the internal troubles. In Shan- of one or more congregations. He pre- tung looting had been rife, and life and pares the candidates for baptism and property very insecure. Bands of brigconfirmation, conducts the daily prayers ands were still roaming about-a state and the Sunday services, and gathers the of things very disadvantageous to the various church collections, often given work of evangelization, but not directly in kind. Not only is he the quasi-pastor, antagonistic to Christianity. In the rebut he is also the evangelist, and it is cent troubles in various provinces, the usually by his efforts that new village officials and the gentry sent their ladies congregations are formed. Government to take protection with the missionaries. pays roughly nearly half the teacher's sal- Whereas formerly the missionaries had ary; therefore to shut up a little village to take shelter in the official yamens, now school means to rob a congregation of the missionary compound was the safest their spiritual teacher, the village chil- place. Banks would remove their valdren of their education, the non-Chris- uables at dead of night to the missionary tians of their evangelist, the church hospitals. council of its financial support and the Society of the Government grant." Mr. Burt believes that the general outlook for missions was never brighter. The PrOSlJects ill Intlia. Access to all classes is now possible and actual. Formerly the work of evan- DR. WHITEHEAD, the Anglican gelization had been almost entirely con- Bishop of Madras, declares that the fined to villages; the Christian Church in China was largely a peasant commupresent is more hopeful for Christianity nity. Now, men of business, the offiin India than any time during his thir- cials, the gentry and the students are ty-two years of service there. After two being touched and reached. years of service, Bishop Azariah, of DornakaI, has been even more successful than The OpiulU FIght In China was hoped, having brought to the work of the Church elements of untold value, CHINA has accomplished great things and of great hope for the future. 'Dur- in her fight against opium, but the ing the last two years the prospects of the great movements toward Christian- anti-opium war is not yet over. President ity in India have become brighter. Yuan Shih-kai, in the last year of his life, in order to gain money to carry out Furthermore, there is a widespread his plans, turned to the opium trad~rs, movement among the Christians to pre- and for millions of dollars agreed that pare themselves, by prayer, training in they might continue to sell in three Bible study and voluntary personal provinces. Some provincial governors evangelism, to reach the non-Christians. were not slow to follow the bad exam- In all India to-day it is this arousing of ple of the President. They, too, arthe Christians that is the most encour- ranged to make money ou t of the soaging and promising sign. Given an called "last stage of opium prohibition." awakened Church, and the future of India is assured. Without it no meth- Another blow to the anti-opium camods, meetings or men can hope to win paign was the action of the foreign many or solve the problem of India's municipality of Shanghai, in voting for evangelization. It is this awakening of the continuation of the sale of opium for the Church that is the greatest hope of smoking. The opium monopoly of Can- India. ton, arranged by Yuan Shih-kai's men, was another setback.

President Li Yuan Hung has issued an edict prohibiting the planting, smok-

FROM MANY LANDS

ing and selling of opium, and opium trade, pass through their hands. About burnings have been reported from Kal- a million workers will be affected by gan and Peking. There are, however, the new regulations, which prohibit the reports of opium planting in Yunnan employment of children under the age .:md Szechuen, and a despatch states that of twelve in any heavy and laborious many opium dens have been reopened in work j and further, of boys under fif- Szechuen. teen, and women of any age, more than twelve hours a day. Friends of China need to take a fresh hold of the anti-opium crusade to offset A number of factories have employed the plots of those who have taken ad- Christian matrons to look after the girl vantage of China's political disturbances employes. Presbyterian missionaries to give opium a new lease of life just have done some successful evangelistic when the evil was almost suppressed. work in the factories, especially in the cotton mills. Federated Work in Nanking A Builder of tIle Ii:ingdolll in Japan TWO former prisoners of the Nan- THE chief of the Government rail- king jails were baptized on a re- ways in the province of Kyushu, cent Sunday as the result of work conducted in the prison by the federated one of the few posts in the Imperial churches of the city. Several others of Railways which are tilled by direct apthe twenty-eight political prisoners recent- pointment from the Throne, is Mr. ly released by Government order have Nagao, who is as noteworthy for his expressed a desire to join the Church. Christian character and for his influence After liberation they held at their hotel over men as for his technical skill. He a reception to the Christians in gratitude became a Christian in his college days, for the kindness shown them. At an en- and has not hidden his Christian light. tertainment which followed the Chris- When he held a government post in Fortians presented each released prisoner mosa, he was the mainstay of the pioneer with a Bible as a lasting memorial. Part Japanese Church, and the founder of of the work of the federated churches the Young Men's Christian Association during the summer included distribution there. • of fans, tea, disinfectants and other articles which would make prison life in hot The phenomenal growth of the Assoweather more comfortable for the politi- ciation work among railway men is due cal prisoners. largely to his aid j and the mouths of critics are stopped when the Premier Chinese Christians interested in the himself pronounces the Kyushu railways building of a new church at Nanking under Nagao to exhibit the finest morate are retelling the story of a nameplate among the men and the highest efficiency erected over the door of the original in operation of any section of th~ Empire. Presbyterian Church. The plate bore the title "The Society of Jesus."-The Nagao is an ardent champion of Continent. Church union, and since he was ap- pointed to Kyushu, with headquarters at JAPAN Moji, he has brought about the amal- gamation of the six weak churches in Conditions in Factories Improve one strong, well-equipped church. AI-' most single-handed he has raised, entirely JAPAN'S new factory law marks the in Japan, enough money to buy a fine first step in the emancipation of site and put up a City Young Men's Christian Association building in Moji. women employes in Japan. From sixty All but $1,000 of the amount was given to seventy per cent. of the factory work- by non-Christians, for they have confiers in the Empire are women. Raw dence in Nagao and in the kind of religsilk, cotton, yarn, fabrics, tea, matches, ion he represents. towels and straw braids, which hold an important position in Japan's export Wise in counsel, fearless in execution,

it is not strange that Nagao has been OHl'l'UARY asked to become an official Christian Hr. WID. N. BreW"ster, of China worker, but he has conscientiously dedined, believing he should "remain in DR. WILLIAM N. BREWSTER, the vocation wherein he was called." who lIas been a missionary of the Methodist Board in China since 1890, AFRICA died at the Presbyterian Hospital, Chi- Boys' Cillb in Tunis cago, November 22, after a short illness.

REV. STEPHEN TROWBRIDGE, Since the organization of the Hinghwa Mission Conference in 1896 he has served of Cairo, Secretary for the World's as its superintendent. In addition to the Sunday School Association, writes of work of district supervision, Dr. Brew- wonderful work among the street lads ster has been principal of the Hinghwa of Sfax, Tunisia. H. E. Webb, a mis- Biblical Training School, and has also sionary, has gathered these boys, all Mos- directed the work of the Mission Press lem, into a Bible Club, with many ac- in that city. He served as mission treas- tivities. Although many of these little urer over ten years. For some time he fellows cannot read a single word, he has was editor of The Revivalist, a paper taught them with pictures and with oral published in the Hinghwa colloquial dia- lessons, and they are keenly interested in lect; and into this tongue he translated what they are discovering about the Bible the Bible. He wrote two other Chinese from week to week. This special work works, "A Commentary on Isaiah" and requires a great fund of patience and a book on homiletics. Dr. Brewster lived grace, but there seems no reason why to see the native church in Hinghwa in- the same plan might not succeed in creased from 1,000 to more than 10,500.

Cairo, Alexandria and other cities. Dr. Andre-w Watson, of Egypt These lads come from wretched homes, and many are homeless. A T the ripe age of eighty-two, having been born in 1834 at Oliverburn, The Inte…ned Missionaries Perthshire, Scotland, Dr. Andrew Wat- F OURTEEN missionaries of the son went Home from Cairo on Decem- Church Missionary Society, who ber II th, after fifty-five years of service have been interned in German East Af- on the field. He was greatly beloved and rica for two years, are free. They were honored as a man and a missionary. He found by the Belgian forces at Tabora was educated in America and was marwith others who are working in connec- ried to Miss Margaret McVicar, who tion with the Universities' Mission. survives her husband. One son is a physician in Chicago, and another son, On the other hand, the Moravian Dr. Charles R. Watson, has recently Board has received word that all the been elected president of the newly pro- German missionaries of their N yasa Mis- jected Cairo University. He was with sion have been removed from the sta- his father at the time of his death, havtions and are interned at Blantyre, Brit- ing just arrived in Egypt on University ish East Africa, south of Lake Nyasa. business. They report that they are being kindly treated, and are permitted to visit their Dr. Andrew Watson, through his conwives and children three hours every nection with the Theological Seminary day. in Egypt for nearly half a century, had the privilege of a large share in the train- The Board report says: "Of our con- ing of the entire ministry of the Synod gregations at the north end of that long of the Nile. We plan to have an illusinland sea, we only know that they are trated article on Dr. Watson in a later now left without their spiritual guides number. and ministers. Humanly speaking, that flourishing work is at a standstill. We Dr. J. L. Dearing, of Japan On December 20th the Rev. J. L. can but do what their missionaries are doing with sad hearts but trustful faith Dearing, an honored American Baptist –commend them to God." missionary, died in Clifton Springs, N. Y.

World and the Gospel. By]. the absoLute restriction of beer as

H. Oldhaus, JV1.A., I2mo, 220 pp. 2S. as vodka. . . . .. If we can arrange net. United Free Church of Scot- that for twenty or twenty-five years the land, Edinburgh. 1916. population will not have the opportunity to drink, . . . Russia will be saved." " This is a contribution to Christian thinking rather than a volume of in- Professor Simpson is not as hopeful formation. Mr. Oldham, the secre- about religion in Russia as is Stephen tary of the Continuation Committee of Graham; nevertheless he sees clearly the World Missionarv Conference and that the soul of Russia is essentially Editor of the I ntern~tional Review of mystic. He speaks of ·the poularity in Missions, is a writer of fine Christian Russia of a translation of Henry Drumspirit and intelligence. His discussion mond's book, "The Ideal Life," and of the challenge of the war to the says that religious subjects are ever Christian Church, the character of the uppermost in the Russian mind. Since Gospel and the appeal of the world is the proclamation of a "free Poland" the convincing. If this study of the theory other day, Professor Simpson's chapter of missions could capture the minds and on "The Future of Poland" is particuhearts of the rising generation there larly pertinent, and no one who specuwould be no lack of volunteers or of lates upon the changes which must come missionary givers. at the close of the present war will over- look his closing chapter on "Russia and The Self-Discovery of Russia. By Constan tinople. ff Professor ]. Y. Simpson. Illustrated. 8vo. 227 pp. $2.00 net. George H. Letters From My Home In India. Doran, New York, I916. By Mrs. George Churchill. Edited and Arranged by Grace McLeod Rog- During the summer of 1915, Professor ers. 8vo. 305 pp. $1.35 net. George Simpson of Edinburgh visited Russia, H. Doran, New York, I9I6. and as a result has given us this sympathetic study of the new Russia, whose The talented author of "Stories from soul has been laid bare since August, the Land of Evangeline" has edited these 19 I 4. The various chapters deal with uniquely fascinating letters of a noble economic, social, political and religious missionary, who had the superb talent conditions in the empire of the Czar. and devotion of work, but who could The author was permitted to visit the not write. The result is no dry-as-dust Russian armies on the Galician front tale of missionary labors. Every page and not the least valuable chapter thrills one with its vibrant life and sacriin the book is that which relates his nee. We see first in 187 I, the young girl observations while with the troops. w naively pleased because such a great There are also many illustrations, visu- joy has come when-a missionary has alizing for the reader the experiences of asked her to be his wife! war. To fit herself for this great work Professor Simpson '5 study of the effect and that she might be no whit behind of the prohibition of vodka throws valu- the men in this preparation, the young able light on the world-wide movement woman went to the Wom:tn's Medical to restrict the use of intoxicants. The College, Philadelphia. Finding that they extent to which Russia has awakened had not very long purses, and money to the economic value of sobriety is in- fairly melts away even with most caretimated in the testimony of a Professor ful expenditure, she and a friend and of Economics who said to the author, room-mate canvassed for a book. "What I have seen of the advantages of prohibition has brought me to believe in In 1873 came her wedding and the departure for India. The mere romance

faded before the reality. How did they power, in relatioll hoth to' the world stand it all ?-the ignorance, the dirt, into which the Gospel first came, and the disease, the outlandish notions of the world of our OWll day. Dr. Kirk those extraordinary people who would knows Greek and Roman history and is even try to pull apart the curtains in our equally familiar with the history of missionary's house to see what she was dogma; he has also the facul ty of separ- doing inside. ating the essential from the accidental in the study of great movements con- Only a saintly character could have nected with the development of Christian borne it, but she did not rebel, even doctrines. I t would be difficult to find when children and husband were taken elsewhere in so small a compass so com- from her by the unhealthful climate. prehensive and lucid a survey of the growth of Christianity, opposed as it A beautiful sentence comes near the was both to and by Jewish legalism, end of the book, "If a balance was struck pagan philosophies and Eastern wisdom. between our receipts of mercy and good- The author believes, and rightly, that ness through the past year, and what we the faith which conquered these, satishave repaid in love and service, what a fying the eager minds of those who were poor-showing statement we should have." grappling with the problems of life and death, of sin and salvation, of duty and Her editor, Grace McLeod Rogers, destiny, has within it still, and must gives a perfect picture of life in India forever have, the power derived alone down to the time when she came back to from God. Canada in 1914, with her sole surviving child. Here she stayed long enough to Light is self-evidencing. So is Chrisrest, and then this noble woman of sev- tianity. Gospel creed and Gospel code enty-five, lame, yet rejoicing, returned to unite to make the faith once delivered India to be among the people whom she unto the saints final. The apostle of the loves so well. Christian faith is, as Dr. Kirk says in his closing chapter, quite willing to sub- MARSHALL SAUNDERS. mit the claims of his faith to the arbitra- ment of experience. The Unity of the Americas. By Robert E. Speer, 16mo. 115 pp. 25 Nationalizing America. By Edward cents. Missionary Education Move- A. Steiner. 12mo. $1.00 net. Flem- ment, New York, 1916. ing H. Revell Co., New York.

A wonderfully compact, well arranged America the "melting pot" of nations and well digested mass of information is being welded into a homogeneous mass concerning the political, commercial, with national ideals and characteristics. educational and 'religious conditions and The war is having its influence in this opportunities in Latin America. Any direction for America is realizing its reone who masters the facts in this little sponsibility among the family of nations. volume will be ready to speak intelli- Perhaps no one could have seen and angently on Latin America. at any time alysed this process better than the and any place. There are many quota- foreign-born American, Prof. Steiner. tions from a large number of authorities on the subject. Dr. Speer faces the To be sure he calls pacifists "Mollyproblems fairly but hopefully. The evils Coddles," and refers to the "Educational of the Roman Catholic influence are not Chaos" of the United States and minimized or exaggerated but a construc- claims that everywhere nationality has tive Christian program is advocated. triumphed over religion, but while we may not agree with all of his ideas, the The Religion of Power. By Harris reader will be interested in the illumin- E. Kirk, D.D. 8vo. 317 pp. $1.50 net. ating study of the economic, educational George H. Doran Company, New and religious problems related to the York, 1916. nationalization of the great North American republic. These James Sprunt Lectures at Union Theological Seminary, Virginia, interpret Christianity as the religion of

The Missionary Review of the World — February 1916

OF THE DYING RELIGIONS OF

MISSIONA~Y FlgES 1. The Philippine Islands have made more progress, intellectually and economically, in the past fifteen years under American rule than in the previous four centuries, eSee page 110.) 2. The fifty thousand students enrolled in the intermediate and secondary schools in the Philippines constitute one of the greatest evangelistic op- portunities in the world to-day. (See page 114.) 3. China is worth winning for Christ rather than to militarism. 'Vith four times the popUlation of the United States she has in the eighteen prov- inces eexclusive of her four great dependencies) an area of one and one-half times the United States, including Alaska. eSee page 91.) 4. The Presbyterian Church in Rio Janeiro has about fourteen hundred mem- bers, who contribute an average of ten dollars each annually for church purposes. eSee page 115.) S. In Tali Fu, Yunnan Province, more converts were recently baptized in one day than had been won in thirty years of early missionary effort.

eSee page 108.) 6. The churches in South America are being drained by the war of their young men, who have returned for military service to Europe, and the problem of self-support is becoming a serious one. (See page 118.) 7. President Yuan Shih Kai has included in the classics, which he is study- ing daily, selections from the "Save-the-World Classic" (the Bible), prepared by a missionary and presented to Yuan at the suggestion of the Chief of Ceremony. (See page 123.) 8. The Buddhist priests in Tibet are so degraded and ignorant, and so closely identified with the home life of the people, that they form the greatest obstacle to Christian missionary effort among Tibetans. (See page 128.) 9. A new plan of city evangelization, which places more responsibility on resident workers, is being inaugurated by Presbyterians in the province of Shantung. (See page 141.) 10. An English missionary society is appealing for volunteers to carryon the work of German missionaries in India. who have been removed by the government from their fields of work. (See page 146.) 11. Representatives of twenty-two different nations. engaged in the work of the China Inland Mission, are finding in their spiritual service for China a bond that keeps them united even in time of war. (See page 149.) 12. Samoan women who are going with their husbands as missionaries to the wild Papuans of New Guinea, where missionaries were eaten by canni- bals only fourteen years ago, are proving not only their missionary zeal but their ability as workers. The image of Confucius in the temple at Chefoo. Shantung. ISSI RE IE Vol. XXXIX, No.2 FEBRUARY, 1916 Vol. XXIX, No.2 Old S….. Nrw Serlel m: ,51 THE PRAY FOR THE PANAMA CONGRESS The Congress will be held in Hotel Congress on Christian Work Tivoli. There will be a frank and in Latin America is to convene friendly discussion of actual condiin Panama February 10th, and about tions in Latin American lands, with three hundred delegates are expected. freedom of speech, so far as it is The difficulties of transportation and Christian in spirit and relates to vital the limited accommodations have facts, but without bigotry or unturned aside many who planned to necessary acidity. It is expected that attend, but the delegates are leading Dr. Robert E. Speer will be Presimen and women of evangelical dent of the Congress, and his preschurches and represent practically all ence in the chair will insure courthe Protestant denominations of North tesy, constructiveness, spirituality, America and sixty-seven missionaries and prayer as characteristic of the and Latin Americans. sessIOns.

The daylight sessions will be de- Among the distinguished delegates voted to the discussion of the Com- from the United States are Dr. and mission reports and the evening ses- Mrs. John R. Mott, Dr. and Mrs. sions to popular meetings, each Lemuel C. Barnes (Baptist), Prof. addrest by one North American and Harlan P. Beach (Yale), Bishop one Latin American. There will also Henry D. Aves (Mexico), Bishop be evening evangelistic meetings in Wm. C. Brown (Virginia), Miss Spanish and English for the benefit Belle H. Bennett (Kentucky), Dr. of the people of the Isthmus-North John W. Butler (Mexico), Dr. S. H. Americans and other residents. Chester (Presbyterian), Dr. E. F.

The editors seek to pre~erve accuracy and to manifest the spirit of Christ in the pages of this REVIEW, but do not acknowledge responsibility for opinions exprest, nor for positions taken by eontributors of signed articles in these pages.-EDITORS.

Cook and Bishop Lambeth (Metho- " B SPIRITUAL AWAKENING IN INDIA dist), Dr. William F. Oldham (New ElYOND all our expectations," York), Mr. and Mrs·. E. E. Olcott says Mr. Sherwood Eddy in a (New York), Dr. John F. Goucher letter, "an awakening in South India (Baltimore), Mr. Wm. N. Hartshorn has already begun. Last year Indian (World's S. S. Ass'n), Dr. Wm. I. Christian friends prayed for the cam- Haven (Bible Society), President H. paign in China and asked, 'Why C. King (Oberlin), Bishop A. W. should we not have a similar awaken- Knight (Tennessee), Dr. Ira Land- ing in India ?' As they faced the reth (Bo~ton), Mr. and Mrs. Joshua terrible difficulties of caste, the op- Levering (Baltimore), Bishop A. S. position of Hinduism, and the need Lloyd (Episcopal Board), Bishop F. of their own churches they felt it was impossible. Finally, the Execu- J. McConnell (Methodist), Dr. A. tive Committee of the South India United Church, with a Christian McLean (Disciples), President C. T. community of 165,000, proposed an Paul (Indianapolis) , Miss Ruth evangelistic campaign in India. This Rouse (World's Christian Student United Church includes all the Chris- Federation), Dr. James 1. Vance tians of the Presbyterian, Congrega- (Nashville), Bishop Luther D. Wil- tional, Dutch Reformed, and Scottish son, and President W. Douglas Mc- churches in one body, and it equals Kenzie (Hartford). There is an in numbers nearly twice the entire equally distinguished list of names Protestant community of all Japan." from Mexico, Cuba, Central and South America. In response to the invitation from this united church Mr. Eddy began Following the close of the Panama a campaign in South India last Oc- Congress, February 20th, five or six tober. After prayer and preparation, deputations will visit various parts of they united in a week of simul- Latin America to carry to the work- taneous evangelism, and when leaders ers the spirit and message of the of the church gathered at Vellore Congress, and to unite them in a for their General Assembly; all were study and plan for cooperation III astonished at what had been accomtheir respective fields. Dr. L. C. plished by the Spirit of God in that Barnes will lead the conference in first week. Mr. H. A. Popley, the San Juan, Porto Rico; Dr. Charles Secretary for the evangelistic cam- L. Thompson that in Havana, Cuba; paign, reported as follows: Dr. A. W. Halsey in South America. As soon as practicable a Mexico con- "A force of 8,288 Christian workference will be convened. ers gave themselves to proclaiming the power of Jesus Christ to build up This is a time for prayer rather a sound and lasting personal and than for criticism. The Congress is national life among the people of for conference, not for legislation, India. These workers preached in and the spirit is one of loyalty to the 3,814 towns and villages of the Tamil highest ideals as set forth by our country to audiences of over 300,000 Lord Jesus Christ. Many differing people, and won 8,503 to a desire to viewpoints will be represented- study the power and teaching of pray that the viewpoint of Christ may prevail.

OF THE

Christ, and 6,422 men and women to workers gathered and an evangelistic a determination to follow Him. A campaign was thoroughly organized. total of 14,925 people were definitely influenced during this one week to At the close of one of the meet- place themselves under the leadership ings a brilliant young Brahman stu- . of Jesus Christ. Thousands more dent surrendered his heart to Christ have been influenced, to some extent, and asked Mr. Eddy to be present at to feel that Christ is indeed the Hope his public baptism. Only at great of India. cost can a man come out from this proud caste-bound Brahman com- "Travancore tells of a demon wor- munity. shiper who deserted his shrine and declared that he would erect a temple In Jaffna, North Ceylon, 1,200 to God in its place. In the North Christians and workers gathered in Tamil field meetings were freely al- their annual meeting. They entered lowed in Hindu temples in caste the campaign, and the work will ex- villages, and the workers were re- tend during the next three years to quested to speak frankly about Christ Ceylon as well as India. During and His salvation. In another place meetings held for three days in the a devil dancer promised on the spot colleges of Jaffna more than sixty to become a Christian. In one of the high-caste Hindu students publicly Telugu churches twenty-eight adults confest Christ. were publicly baptized. In Travancore, at Nagercoil, 400 "In the Church itself the greatest workers gathered for a training con- good is that the laity have been ference, and 1,500 Christians assem- awakened to a sense of their respon- bled every night in the great Church sibility. Every Sunday afternoon to face their responsibility in the immediately after the service the campaign. Mr. Eddy delivered his whole Church goes out to preach the addresses to great congregations of Gospel. The campaign has brought a Christians in a community numbering new vision to the Church and for more than 80,000 in all in this field the first time the higher classes in of South Travancore. These Chris- the Church went and preached the tians are rising in a united evan- Gospel to the poor and deprest." gelistic campaign for the winning of their country for Christ. Already oTRAINING LEADERS IN INDIA one in four of the population of this NE of the most important and native State is a Christian. fruitful features of Mr. Sherwood Eddy's recent campaign in India has "Unmistakably God has begun a been his training conferences for In- mighty work in South India. Only dian Christian workers, conducted in this week I journeyed into distant vil- the six principal centers of South lages far from the railway to see India and Ceylon. After crowded men baptized from three different meetings in Madras, he met 200 workers from all parts of the Telugu castes, who were won in the begin- field. The third center was Erode ning of the campaign. Altho we have in the Tamil district, where 450 not yet succeeded in shaking the large cities or breaking the ranks of the Brahmans in large numbers, the campaign in India bids· fair to sur-

pass that in China in its work in the Christian progress in China can not villages, among the masses and be foretold. It will depend on the among the lower classes. It is al- personnel of the new government.

ready enlisting a larger number of President Yuan is, however, an in- Christian workers than in China, ani telligent man, favorable to religious. more widely affecting the Christian freedom and to Christian work. He Church." has given money freely to the Y. M. C. A., to missionary education, and CHANGES IN CHINA Christian hospitals. As a represen- YUAN SHIH 'KAI, First Presi- tative of the people he has worshiped dent of the RepUblic of China at the temple of heaven, but as president he has called into positions has signified his intention of "accept- of influence many avowed Christian ing" the title and role of Emperor- men. Pray for China and for Yuan he has already exercised the authority Shih Kai. -and on January I, 1916, took his seat temporarily on the imperial FROM KOREA TO CHOSEN throne. The date for his formal as- cension and the complete change back TIMES of transition are always again from republic to empire has times of crisis and often of hard- not yet been announced. ship. Korea is now in transition and The council, supposed to represent the Church and Christians there the people, met on December IIth suffer many hardships. Japan, having and voted unanimously to reestablish taken over the control of the country, the monarchy-but with a constitu- naturally is working to press Korea tion-and asked Yuan Shih Kai to and Koreans into the Japanese mold.

become Emperor. The president de- The ideas of Japan are not Korean dined the request and the next day ideas, nor are the ideals of her rulers issued a second mandate, accepting'· Christian ideals. Many officials lack the position. tact and real brotherliness and do not China is a huge country with an act with consideration. Nevertheless unwieldy, untrained mass of human- the change from Korea to Chosen, ity. A strong central government is from nation to province, seems in- still needed to control them and to evitable, and possibly the sooner it is direct affairs. of State. Yuan is gen- effected the better it will be.

erally acknowledged to be the Japan has made many physical im- strongest man in Chinese public life provements in Chosen-new high- and the people look to him to guide ways, and railroads, new sanitation the ship of state safely through the and civic advancement. Many laws rocks. There are some noble and have been enacted and are enforced intelligent young men among the with much benefit to the people. The officials who have come to the front educational system has been modern- since the Revolution, but there are ized and some moral reforms have not a large enough number of them been instituted. If Japan were a to fill the need. Christian land, with Ohristian ideals The effect of the reversion to a and rulers, there could be only thanks- monarchy upon missionary work and giving for the transition and trans-

formation from a weak and back- have found none. Even in Japan ward nation to a modernized province. proper there is no such law. They Japan is not, however, Christian in also order missions to use a book on aim or methods, and the people- ethics which teaches ancestor wor- especially the Christians in Korea- ship. Most of the mission schools are suffering in consequence. A letter have permits which allow them to just received from a 'Korean corres- continue as at present for ten years, pondent, who was traveling in China, but some, like the Soon Chun schools, gives information which the Japanese are without permits, and may be censor would not have passed. Visi- closed.

tors to Korea see only the outward "On top of all this comes a law and beneficial results of Japanese which says missions must obtain per- rule. Those who live there see the mission from the government every other side. Our correspondent writes: time they want to employ a helper, a "Missionaries in Chosen do not in- colporteur, or a pastor, when they es- terfere in politics, but are sent to tablish a church. One can readily see preach the Gospel, and loyally support what this will involve if a local gov- the nation and rulers that God places ernment official is biased against Chris- over them. Missionaries in Korea tianity. Hiding behind red-tape he exhort church members to follow the may find many opportunities to block precepts of Paul in the thirteenth Christian work.

chapter of Romans. The Japanese "The great hope of Christians is in are straining every nerve to make God. We mu~t pray that the minds the Koreans into Japanese. That too of the administration may be more is no concern of the missionaries, al- favorable toward Christianity, and tho we inwardly feel sorry for the that missionaries and Christians may Koreans. . be given especial wisdom during this "In spite of the real help mission- time of trial."

aries are giving to Japanese, the pres- COOPERATION IN MISSIONS TO ent administration in Chosen apparently feel that Christianity interfere;; W JEWS with their plans for 'Japanizing' the BILE there are in North Koreans. Consequently they are doing America forty-five missionary all in their power to throttle Chris- agencies at work for the conversion tianity without openly persecuting the of the Jews, there is no strong far- church or antagonizing the law that reaching interdenominational society guarantees religious liberty. The conducted for this purpose. There authorities do not say Koreans must are local societies in many cities, not be Christians, but they indirectly denominational work for Jews and do everything possible to prevent the some general agencies for tract and spread of Christianity. Bible distribution,' but in America "The present law saying that re- this great work in g-eneral is carried ligion must not be taught in private on through· indeper. lent and small schools is an example. We have been· organizations. Only two American hunting for an example of such a societies have as many as ten mis- law among the leading nations, but sionaries to Jews.

Great Britain has twenty-eight so- Rev. B. B. Sutcliffe (Chicago), Seccieties, one of which employs 312 retary; Mr. Henry P. Crowell (Chiworkers, one 72, one 68, another 44, cago), Treasurer. another 32, and another 31. The twenty-eight British organizations It is high time that the Christian employ over four times as many Church awoke out of sleep in order missionaries to Jews as do the forty- that they may "buy up the opporfive American societies and have tunity because the days are evil." three times as many mission stations. N ever have the Jews been more har- The London Society for Promoting ried and distrest in Asia and Europe Christianity among the Jews is the than they are to-day. In Poland, largest in the world. The Mildmay Galicia, and in Palestine they are Mission to the Jews comes second. suffering for the very necessaries of The former has forty-six missions life as well as for the friendship of in various parts of the world-the their fellow countrymen. Now is only far-reaching international work the opportunity for Christians to for Israel. show them the real meaning of the love of Christ and His Gospel of At the recent Conference on be- life. half of Israel, held in Chicago (November 18-19), an important WOMEN'S WORK AT HOME step was taken in the formation of an interdenominational committee for "G OD bless the live women and Gospel work in "Behalf of Israel." With the exception of Poland and the dead men of the Church," Russia there is no land where the was the remark of a chairman of a Jews are found in such large num- missionary meeting at which were bers as in North America and no- announced large gifts from women's where is the opportunity so great societies and from men's legacies. for unhampered Christian work among them. At the same time the The women are alive to the best Christians in America seem oblivious both at home and abroad. They are to their duty toward Jews and are always generous, and their books and almost wholly neglecting them. missionary magazines have accom- fllished wonders in extending mis- In 1914 the American Hebrew sionary information and enthusiasm. Christian Alliance was formed to The Federation of Women's Societies unite more closely in fellowship the is also doing much for the advance- Jewish Christians of North America, ment of the cause. and to further the work among their unconverted brethren. Now a new The Council for Women for Home step has been taken to unite Gentiles Missions has recently held its eighth and Jews in the effort to give the annual meeting (January 5th and Gospel to Israel. 6th) in Atlanta, Georgia. All the women's boards, both North and The officers of the new organiza- South, that are represented on the tion are: Mr. W. E. Blackstone, Council, sent delegates. The program Honorary President; Rev. Harris H. was unusually strong and included all Gregg, D.D. (St. Louis), President: phases of Home Mission activity.

Mrs. George W. Coleman was elect- ed president for the coming year.

OF FOREiGN MISSION

1902-1915 $J1.6Q()JJ(JO JJJIJIJ.OOO Jl,504P<'Q() $32,131,234 JI.IQQ. 1100 (1912) JQ.6Q()JOQ J 29.6OD. 000 / Z8.6QaOQO 27.6dO. 000 / '4604000 / """ 1/ Z5.60D.000 _/ 24POD.'.000 Zlloa 000 lliQO.1.000 itt~oy $1 B, 793,990 21.6dO.M0 ZfJ.6Da'OIN. ~sV 19.6OD.000 J8.6QO,a'DO Ct'……..: I'. /, t7 $18,815,939 ITJOD. 000 V / – 16.600. 000 ./ 15.600. ooe . V~OPE J! 14.600.000 —' OF t " , 13MIJ. 000 1// NTlf'{EN1 'I' "- , 1i!lQD.fJ,00 11,600. 000 i · { -=– ,A~D,.CO~ ~– , pll),.••••…..

~'('i:Rr. £~~ar-R1-/1i1t:,O15r1/~~lbrt~8:5(.~.J./~/I~ . J1-'R1ic£A~ . 1D.6(),IJ. 000 !.MOo. 000 — 8.600. 000 fE!!-"" 7.6QQ.000 6.600. 000 I-'" 5.600.0 00 4.604 000 ~600, 000 OTHlR COUNTRIES 51,197,772 ZPOo.o 00 ….II) >1912) 1,6110. (),OO ~ — 6110. 000 This chart is based on the chart prepared by the Home Base Committee of the Foreign Missions Conference of North America, The figures are those collected by the M,SSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD, with the exception that the figures for America (1912-15) are gathered by the Home Base Committee, The totals for North America and Europe for 1914 are $33,784,550, and for Christendom for 1915 are probably not less than $36,OOO,OOO-including "Other Countries' -EDITOR,

I ~… /'—'" ~'b .,"COMING

I .! ~…- j j '

February Jan. 30th to Feb. 2d-Laymen's Missionary Conv., Newark, N. J.

Jan. 30th to Feb. 2d–Laymen's Missionary Movement Conv., Billings, Mont. Jan. 30th to Feb. 2d-Laymen's Missionary Conv., Birmingham, Ala. 1st-National Rallies-Jubilee of the Young Women's Christian Association. 1st-The 115th anniversary of the birth of Titus Coan of Hawaii. 2d to 4th, 6th-Laymen's Missionary Movement Conv., Atlanta, Ga. 2d to 4th, 6th-Laymen's Missionary Movement Conv., Butte, Mont. 6th to 9th-Laymen's Missionary Movement Convention, Spokane, Wash. 6th to 9th-Laymen's Missionary Movement Convention, Columbus, S. C. 8th-The 115th anniversary of birth of George Dana Boardman of Burma. 9th to 11th, 13th-Laymen's Missionary Movement Conv., Seattle, Wash. 9th to 11th, 13th-Laymen's Missionary Movement Conv., Dayton, Ohio. 9th to 11th, 13th-Laymen's Missionary Movement Conv., Tacoma, Wash. 9th to 11th, 13th-Laymen's Missionary Movement Conv., Greensboro, N. C. 10th to 20th-Congress on Christian Vork in Latin America, Panama. 13th-Reformed Church in U. S. Foreign Missions Conference 13th to 15th-Laymen's Missionary Movement Convention, Decatur, Ill. 13th to 16th-Laymen's Missionary Movement Convention, Portland, Ore. 13th to 16th-Laymen's Missionary Movement Convention, Richmond, Va. 14th-The 85th anniversary of the birth of James Stewart of South Africa. 16th to 18th, 20th-Laymen's Missionary Movement Conv., Sacramento, Cal. 16th to 18th, 20th-Laymen's Missionary Movement Conv., Davenport, Iowa. 18th-The 135th anniversary of the birth of Henry Martin of India. 20th to 22d-Laymen's Missionary Movement Conv., Des Moines, Iowa. 20th to 23d-Laymen's Missionary Movement Convention, Lexington, Ky. 20th to 23d-l~aymen's Missionary Movement Conv., San Francisco, Cal. 22d-Pageant to celebrate Jubilee of the Y. W. C. A. 23d to 25th Laymen's Missionary Movement Convention, Evansville, Ind. 23d to 25th, 27th-Laymeri's Missionary Movement Conv., Nashville, Tenn. 23d to 25th, 27th-Laymen's Missionary Movement Conv., Fresno, Cal. 27th to Mar. 1-Laymen's Missionary Movement Conv., Los Angeles, Cal. 27th to Mar. l-Laymen's Missionary Movement Conv., Indianapolis, Ind. 27th to Mar. l-Laymen's Missionary Movement Conv., Memphis, Tenn.

March bt to 3d, Sth-Laymen's Missionary Movement Conv., Little Rock, Ark. 1st to 3d, 5th-Laymen's Missionary Movement Conv., San Diego, Cal. 1st to 3d, 5th-Laymen's Missionary Movement Conv., Columbus, Ohio. 3d-50th Birthday Celebration of the Young Women's Christian Association. 5th to 8th-Laymen's Missionary Movement Convention, EI Paso, Texas. 5th to 8th-Laymen's Missionary Movement Convention, Oklahoma, Okla. 7th-The 80th anniversary of the birth of Bishop Thoburn of India. BY REV. CHARLES E. SCOTT, TSING TAU, CHINA Mi.~sionary of the Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions. U. S. A.

N Europe one sees con- riages" and war babies and outraged women and ruined lands and smashed IZI l tinental politics. In ideals and degraded morals, of what- China one is in the ever spiritual power it possest, the un- ~. ~ midst of the seething fittest left to face the vastest prob- ~ maelstrom of world lems; and of China unmilitaristic, politics. Europe has prodded on by injustice, to become long realized that China is the great- a great militaristic nation, to be an est prize politically and commercially on the planet, and is amazed that COMPARATIVE SIZE OF UNITED STATES AND CHINA American business men have so long neglected the greatest future market avenger with fifty miIlion "regulars" in the world. Spain, Portugal, and at her command. For many centuries HoIland each, more than two cen- she has absorbed all conquerors, or turies ago, in the palmy days of their driven them out. "China is a sea maritime supremacies, headed the that salts all that it touches." In the movement to exploit China for their thirteenth century she had a scourge, own advantage. Ever since that time, Jenghiz Khan, before whose conand especiaIly in recent years, the Eu- quests those of Cesar and Napoleon ropean LiIiputians have been trying, pale into insigrlificance, who conwhile they may, to bind the great quered all of Europe west of the con- Asiatic GuIIiver before he wakes. They know that they can never do it after China comes to its own.

China in international politics has been a veritable Banquo's ghost that would not down-a question insistently paramount, dominating all other issues of international politics. Just because of her marvelous potentialities there has been a feeling of dread on the part of Europe, as it viewed this vast inchoate monster looming out of the Far East, a coming power, not auspicious, but portentous.

There is already a vision in Europe of itself, decimated of its best blood and brawn and brains, burdened with incalculable debts, prostrate in its weakness, robbed, through "day mar-

fines of Germany, and all of Asia pean statesmen as Tocqueville and from the frozen north to the Indian James Bryce; such generals and lead- Ocean. Europe has mistaken patience ers of Far Eastern troops as Chinese for cowardice. The Chinese soldier, Gordon and Lord Roberts and W oIse- properly equipped and led, has, ac- ley; such naval experts as Beresford, cording to foreign generals in the Von Tirpitz, and Admirals Fisher Far East, few equals. and Mahan; such Oriental adminis- The astonishing thing is that while trators as Dr. Morrison and Lord the statesmen and rulers of Europe Curzon; Stlch famous diplomats as are hopelessly at variance as to the Anson Burlingame, Count Cassini, S.

future fate of the nations around Wells Williams, and Colonel Denby; about them, there is a marvelous such Chinese advisors as Schurman unanimity as to China being the of Cornell, Adams of Michigan, coming land of towering importance. Goodnow of Johns Hopkins, and Even in his day Napoleon saw this John W. Foster; such missionary future, and laid down this dictum: statesmen as Mott, Speer, J. Camp- "A lion is asleep; do not rouse him. bell White, and A. J. Brown; such When China is awake it will change foreign missionaries as Mar tin, the face of the world." A nearer and Mateer, and Hayes. Indeed, the a better man, "The Golden Rule opinion of these men and a host of Diplomatist," John Hay, that great others-business men, manufacturers, and good friend of China, whose editors, consuls, educators, and mis- spirit of justice and fair play caused sionaries-would be found to bear the Chinese statesmen to admire and out this whole general position as revere him as much as to despise the summed up in a notable argument by muddied diplomatic deals and dealers Professor Reinsch, long special stu- of Europe, is credited with this pre- dent of things Chinese and American scient pronouncement: "The storm- minister at Peking, when he says, center of world politics, despite all "By all signs of the times China is eddies, has moved steadily eastward, destined to become the industrial and from the Holy Roman Empire, on commercial center of the world, and past Rome, past the Balkans, past the Pacific the chief theater of the Constantinople, past the Persian Gulf, world's great events." past India, to China, where it win remain, and whoever understands Now what are these elements that China socially, economically, politi- enter in to make such a future incally, religiously, has a key to world here in China, constituting China the politics for the next five centuries." grandest opportunity on the globe, £ommercially, politically, and religi- A great galaxy of men, looking at ously, an opportunity supremely that land out of every nation and worth while to be cultivated, which from every angle of their specialties, cause men to dare make such statestudents of the Far East, are of this conviction. We· see this in the ut- ments with regard to China? There terances of such American statesmen are several known potentialities of as Henry Clay, Thomas H. Benton, China which make men confident of and William F. Seward; such Euro- her tremendous future:

CHINA: THE COMING POWER

The Geographical Location able globe. They cover as much area I. Her location, in what Gladstone as Europe, one and one-half times called "the zone of power," where all the size of the United States plus masterful races have dwelt. She has Alaska; and these eighteen provinces every variety of climate, with the are less in size than the four fringed richest soil, vast mountain ranges dependencies: Manchuria, Mongolia, from which dash great cascades, East Turkestan, and Tibet. Lord Bal- transformable, like Niagara, into four has said: "No nation can be per- future electric and industrial power. manently great without an adequate S. E. Little, the geographical expert physical basis· of empire," that is, on China, says that no land can without land enough. China has that compare with China in the extent of basis. All the great nations of Chris- its waterways, a network of canals tendom excuse all the ungodliness as vast as cheap, uniting many sec- that they have ungodly done against tions of the land. There are four small states on their continent and thousand miles of sea coast, with against heathen folk and backward many and great harbors, such as nations in the Orient because of their that of Tsingtau, which port the attempt to conform to that law of Germans planned to make the New success. Because of it in the last few York of the Pacific, and capable of decades Christian Europe has stolen holding the navies of the world. ten-twelfths of Africa; practically all The water system of the Yangtse of the islands of the sea are theirs; alone is greater than the Mississippi they took them; and all of the vastest system. of continents, Asia, where dwell two- Hundreds of miles inland stands thirds of the human race, also in con- one of the great ancient capitals on formity to this law they have taken the banks of the Yangtse. What -all except Japan and China, from would England not give to-day for which latter they have already carved such a capital, as Germany plans to huge slices.

hurl her armies into London? With 3. "Population," as the veteran 680 miles between it and the sea it China missionary statesman, Dr. W .

. would be harder to take than Con- M. Hayes, once said, "is to a nation stantinople. .what cells are to a battery. The elec- Did the all-wise God have in mind tric motive power depends on the some vast plan when He set this race number of them." .Assuredly China within its own borders, a race four has the cells. Too long have Ameri- thousand years young, more virile cans, with their pin-hole parish con- than in its beginnings, surrounded ception of the missionary enterprise, by the frozen steppes on the north, closed their eyes to the impinging of with the vastest of all mountain this great race upon the world.

chains to the west and southwest, Professor H. A. Giles, of Cam- and the wildest of all oceans in front bridge University, one of the greatest of it? living sinologs, says that if all the The Territory and Population Chinese in the world were to pass by 2. The eighteen provinces of China a given point, befor.e the last one of constitute one-tenth of the inhabii:- the present generation could pass

that point a new generation would the southwest, alone has some seventy have grown up to have taken their million people.

places, and so the procession would march on forever. Natural Resources In this world-war, the most colos- 4· China's natural resources can sal, the most costly in men and money scarcely be exaggerated. They are that the earth has ever seen, the untouched, unparalleled, incalculable.

question of men is of supreme im- Everyone of these great provinces of portance. Already the warring na- China is rich in the most necessary tions of Christendom have lost some oils and ores and minerals. One of six million men, and it is estimated the keys to understand the reason that at the present rate of fighting all why the great nations of Christendom the men of Europe able to bear arms have repeatedly taken China by the (some 28 million) will either be im- throat and shaken her for every sort prisoned or crippled or rotting under of concession-mining, railroading, the sod by the end of 1918. It be- oil fields, territory, harbors-is the comes a very pertinent consideration, natural resources of China. If any therefore, that nations ultimately fail will study the reports of the expert for lack of men. geological commissions of the great Athens and Sparta, struggling for European governments in China, he the hegemony of the states of will find out very soon why they have Greece, both ultimately failed for lack been so eager to thrust themselves in.

of men. The medieval city repub- Geologists say that most of the lics, Pisa, Genoa, and Florence, in min era I fields of the world are their rivalry for the leadership of mapped, many of them are exhausted the Italian states, failed for lack of or nearing exhaustion, particularly so men. Holland, possessing sea supre- in Europe. Moreover, geologists af- macy, was unable to hold it over firm, as voiced in a notable article by England for lack of men. All the the late Professor N. S. Shaler, that leaders and rulers of Europe are cry- the industrial age of the present and ing out to-day in agony in the lan- future depends absolutely on these guage of the King of Montenegro, natural resources. The business of "Oh, if I only had the men." China the world would collapse at once has the men. The United States has were the flow of these resources to eighteen states, the population of each cease. It is axiomatic that this pres- one of which is less than the popu- ent and the future age are built on lation of each of many of China's the pillars of iron and coal and cop- 1,700 great and ancient walled cities. per and gold. Germany to-day fears According to the latest statistics, vastly more the shortage of copper China's popUlation is greater than and oil than many army corps of her that of all the nations at war, ex- enemies. That is why she is sedu- cepting Russia, India, and Japan- lously picking the brass hinges and plus their dependencies and colonies, knobs and trimming off from the plus twenty of the most interested doors in conquered Belgium, France, and prominent neutral nations. The and Poland, why her children are single province of Szechuan, far to scraping together every brass boiler-

CHINA: THE COMING POWER

bottom and kettle, why an army of Japan has schemed to get posses- miners has followed the progress of sion of these great mines of China, her armies as they approached any especially the Han Yie Ping, near section that contained these riches of Hanyang, 680 miles up the Yangtze the subterranean depths. River. Here, as in many other places, The report of the German geologi- the coal and iron occur together.

cal expert, Baron Von Richtofen, on Japan now has a regular entrenched the mineral wealth of Shantung and camp and barracks of Japanese sol- Shansi Provinces, was unbelievable, diers watching over these mines. The and so the government sent out a Chinese are here turning out pig iron, commission to check him up. Their shipping it hundreds of miles down report is a key to why Germany went the Yangtze River to Shanghai, and into Shantung, with its wonderful across the Pacific to San Francisco, harbor on its eastern coast, with more from there to Chicago, and laying it than forty million people in the prov- down on the Chicago market for less ince, and a vast hinterland with all than it can be laid down from Pitts- its products and natural resources to burgh to Chicago. This is an earnest feed through the great port of Tsing- of the market that the Chinese have tau. The Province of Shantung is already developed in many South rich in coal and iron and gold. In American countries, in Japan, and in Shansi, 419,000 square miles of the Asian states.

best quality of Pennsylvania anthra- Forests, Furs, and Fish cite have already been mapped, with corresponding immense quantities of Altho we speak of China as being bituminous coal. The vein of the an- a treeless country, yet in Manchuria thracite averages thirty-one feet are vast forests from which millions thick. Much of it is on the surface, of feet may be cut every year, and which the Chinese as yet, because of without detriment to the forests, if their fear of earthen dragons, have they are scientifically attended to.

scarcely scratched. The same holds in the Yalu River Along the frontier of Yunnan district, between Manchuria and Province, which for hundreds of Korea. And, incidentally, these vast miles is coterminous with the Burma timber preserves are important ele- boundary, one could find incalculably ments in the rivalry of Russia and great stores of coal and iron and Japan.

gold and copper. Most of the prov- How many American readers inces have at least fifteen of the know half a dozen important facts most necessary oils and ores and about the Amur River and its tribu- minerals. taries – a vast system of streams Chinese have sustained themselves thousands of miles long, richly all these centuries as farmers by in- stocked with fish, in whose regions tensive cultivation of small garden the most valuable sort of fur-bear- 'plots. Now they are just beginning ing animals are trapped, and which to enter upon the great industrial waters a vast domain, the Asian stage of the future. equivalent of Canada?

Chinese Characteristics ve10us adaptability of the Chinese: 5. Most remarkable of all are the "As a serpent without hands climbs race characteristics of the· Chinese. with the monkey, without fins swims John R. Mott affirms that of the with the fish, without legs runs with thirty nations whom he has visited the panther, so the Chinese, by his and studied, the Chinese have imprest marvelous adaptability, competes with him most of all, combining, as they all races in all lands, takes half a do, all the elements of the conquer- chance that other men despise, and ing, freedom-loving Anglo-Saxon wins." The Chinese is the supreme race-patience, industry, frugality, colonizer. He has more people in steadiness, endurance, cheerfulness, various lands of the Far East than physical virility, fecundity, homoge- are native to those lands. He owns neity, adaptability, mentality. the great hangs and banks, steamship It is of some consequence to the lines and mercantile houses. He has rest of the world that the Chinese is the supreme quality of adaptability.

at home in all climates, can compete He is more acceptable to the largest successfully with the denizens of the variety of women than any other frozen north and the peoples of the man-that is to say, he marries torrid south. As a soldier he re- through the largest number of races; quires less food and will stand more and he energizes every race that he hardships than any other. Four gen- touches.

erations of Chinese are born to our One of the great characteristics of three. Na other race has ever been the Chinese is his power to hang on able to mold the Jew into itself. A part in the presence of seemingly hopeless of the dispersion of the ten Israelitish conditions. As the saying is in the tribes that wandered eastward Far East: "He can live longer on a into that section of China which is copper cash (a coin with a square called Kai Feng Fu and settled there hole in the center and worth one- has become Chinese. No other race fortieth of an American cent)' than has ever, so far, solved the Moham- any other human, and when the cash medan problem, Russia has forty is gone he can live off the hole." This millions of Mohammedans in Central power to endure is only another way Asia. France has sixty million in of referring to him as illustrating Africa. England has eighty million the law of the survival of the fittest, in India. Tho England is a past and explains why he continues to master of subject races, even she can exist with ever-increasing virility do nothing with her Mohammedans while all his ancient contemporaries in the way of amalgamation with have gone ·into mournful oblivion. It other races. As troops, they must is significant to note that those an- have special diet, special food, special cient contemporaries were militaristic, clothing, special wages, ceremonials. armed to the teeth. For instance, the In western China there are millions powerful Egyptians and the Hittites of Mohammedans who have all been fought each other to a standstill, such molded into Chinese. as one seems to see to-day in Flan- There is a famous saying in the ders and northern France, and then Far East with regard to the mar- disappeared out of history. The Chi-

16] CHINA: THE COMING POWER

nese hangs on whichever way he dro11s of water, and like hideous function s, whether in athletics or methods of torture. school life, or in religion. The Chineae Civilization Christian Chinese boys, in the first generation out of heathenism, trained There is 110 space to speak in dein the primary schools of the mud tail of the great civilization of the villages by their missionary friends, Chinese, the solidity, the diversity, in a land where athletics are despised, have gone to the recent far eastern YUAN' SHIH-KAt Olympic games at Manila and there competed against Americans and Eng- Wbo bas signified his purpose to be Emperor of lishmen and Europeans, and won! China and has taken his seat upon the imperial These Chinese boys, out of the first tbrone. (The coronation has not yet taken place) generation of heathenism, trained in mission schools, are continually going the antiquity of it, nor to show in deto strange lands and studying in a tail how when our ancestors, before foreign tongue in universities of those the Gospel was brought to them by lands, and are becoming honor men, the missionaries, were reeking in taking first prize. When President barbarism, the Chinese were highly Eliot was asked how the forty-seven cultured; that when Chinese mer- Chinese boys studying in Harvard chants, drest in elegant brocaded silk compared with the American stu- and satin robes, were sending their dents, he replied that he would have caravans straight westward across the to search through all the hundreds of Asian deserts to trade with ancient American boys to find their equals. Rome, our ancestors were savages clad in skins of wild animals. While An example of how the Chinese functions religiously was the Boxer war. In the dreadful Boxer days they refuted the lie of the unchristian globe-trotter when in the Province of Chili these peasants, the first generation out of heathenism, laid down their lives, more than twenty thousand of them, rather than deny the Jesus God. Recanting was made easy. All they had to do was to bow before the idols or mutter an incantation before an incense stick, or draw a cross on the ground and spit on it. They knew that death would be accompanied by tortures unspeakable, such as the Ling Chi, the death of a thousand cuts, the cutting off of ears and noses, the gouging out of eyes and heart, boiling in great caul-

our English forebears were offering forebears of the Lords of the British human victims taken in war to their Admiralty were hugging the shore- cruel Druidic gods in the recesses of line in willow-woven canoes, the Chi- their oak forests, Chinese emperors nese were guiding their big junks were uttering prayers of singular straight out to sea.

beauty and majesty to Shang Ti, the John W. Foster, our greatest au- one true god; an army of scholars thority on international law, long ad- were making an encyclopedia of hu- viser of the Chinese government, says man knowledge that filled hundreds that in view of their history and of volumes; students were competing achievements no nation, ancient or in civil-service examinations for posi- modern, has stronger claims to be tions of governmental preferment. called a great people, than the Chi- While our Scotch ancestors were nese.

dwelling in caves, eating not only raw In view of all the foregoing, it may flesh, but human flesh, the Chinese, well be understood that Europe and elegant epicures, dwelt in walled cit- Japan believe what Lord Beresford ies, centers of administration, pos- years ago is reported to have said: sessing in their princely homes ele- "Whoever shall find a way t0' domi- gant Cloisonne, bronzes, bric-a-brac, nate China, whether through conces- gardens of many varieties of shrub- sions or by trade supremacy, or by bery and chrysanthemums; the i r force of arms, will find a way to poets, already thirteen centuries old, master the world more completely were writing graceful odes on the than did Rome in her day."

brevity of life and chanting the vir- The Issues at Stake tues of their heroes. Long before our Teutonic ancestors, clad in skins So vast are the issues at stake in of wild animals, were sliding on China for the future that after this their shields down the Italian Alps to war, if the Triple Entente wins, Rus- ravish and decimate and loot and de- sia pressing from the north through stroy all that fair Italy had gathered Mongolia, and England pressing from of the ancient classical civilization; the south through Tibet, will be keen long before they conceived of the rivals for the greatest plum in the idea of the Witenagemot, the council trade world; and Russia and Japan, of freemen, the boasted beginning of keenest rivals despite the present our Anglo-Saxon liberties and of the hypocritical alliance, will continue to ancient town meeting, the Chinese plan war to the knife and the knife to democrats, then as to-day, had a sys- the hilt until one beats down the tem of local self-government adminis- other. If the Dual Alliance wins, tered by village elders chosen for China again will be the great source their fitness. of disturbance, will be the great prize The Chinese invented the printing- for which the Teutons will press type and had great libraries of his- Japan, for the Teutons have served tory, philosophy, ethics, morals, and notice in many forms, "Woe to thee, poetry centuries before Gutenberg Nippon!"

and Caxton were born. They also in- But there are vaster issues even vented the compass, and when the . than all these involved in the future

CHINA: THE COMING POWER

rise of China. Christendom, by its An appalling element of the whole unchristian acts, its attitude of iron- situation is that Christendom, by its heartedness directed against the militaristic policy, has driven the Chi- Orient, and especially toward China, nese to feel that they must base their has caused this great land to seethe safety on militarism, and the amazwith discontent, with an aroused dis- ing spectacle is now seen, contrary to trust and hatred of all these West- the teaching of all the classics, of ern powers. It believes in the disin- Yuan Shih Kai, the President, writing terested friendship of none of them a poem which is now being sent all save alone, possibly, that of the Uni- over China, and taught to the army, ted States. The genius of China is on the glory and the honor of being peaceful. Tho having conquered in a soldier! many wars, China does not look upon itself as a warring nation. Its pride Europe will have only itself to is in its scholars and its sages. It has thank if it causes to develop and to always put the scholar first in the so- emerge from the Far East a vast and cial scale as the molder of the ideals soulless heathen militaristic machine of the people; the farmer second in a able and eager to trample it into social scale as the preserver of the rum. necessities of the physical life; the soldier lowest in the social scale be- Will the United States learn the cause, as the Chinese says, he is a lesson in time, and show the Chinese taker of life. The Chinese say it is what it means to be a big brother, as idiocy to kill a man because you over against what China has been exhave a difference of opinion with periencing of the outrages upon her him, for to kill him settles nothing. of big brigands? If China is not The genius of the Chinese race is evangelized it is possible for her to for peace. In a quarrel they get to- paganize and ruin us. And the gether through a middleman, a peace- American Protestant Church, by the maker. Each concedes something, catastrophe of this world-war, is on and an agreement is arrived at. "Live trial, as never before, not only for and let live." evangelizing China, but, in the man- ful facing of that problem, the sav- ing of its very life.

President Woodrow Wilson, while addressing recently a gathering of ministers, uttered the following strong words about the missionary enterprises in China: When I hear men pleading for the means to introd~ce Christianity into a part of the world now for the first time wakening to the possibilities of the power that lies latent in it, I wonder if it is possible that the imaginations of Christian people will fail to take fire.

This is the most amazing and inspiring vis,ion-this vision of that great sleeping nation suddenly awakened by the voice of Christ. Could there be any greater contribution to the future momentum of the moral forces of the world than could be made by quickening this force, which is being set afoot in China? China is at present inchoate; as a nation it is a congeries of parts, in each of which there is energy; but which are unbound in any essential and active unit, and just as soon as its unity comes, its power will come in the world. Should we not see that the parts are fructified by the teachings of Christ?

Facts About China

the people in China in Leading Chinese affirm that while they rank, joining hands, and are Confucianists, they regard Chris- they will girdle the globe tianity as the chief hope for China. ten times at the equator with living, beating hu- Every great upheaval in China has, man hearts. under the overruling providence of God, Every third child born into the world, been followed by the wider opening of looks into the face of a Chinese mother; doors for the preaching of the Gospel. every third pair given in marriage, plight their troth in a Chinese cup of wine; A province in Manchuria with 1,500, every third orphan weeping through the 000 has only one missionary. In Monday, every third widow wailing through golia 2,000,000 have none. Outer Karan the watches of the night, is in China; province has none. Tibet has 6,000,000 every third person who dies is a Chinese. 1,557 of the 3,033 walled cities of China with none. have as yet no resident missionary. In China there are 2,955 Christian con- Tens of thousands of towns and villages have no center of Gospel light. No gregations, 548 ordained Chinese pastors, province is adequately worked. 5,364 unordained workers, and 470,000 Only one Chines'e man in a hundred, connected with evangelical churches. taking the empire through, can read, and still fewer can write a letter. Of the From some 15 of the most important women, not more than one in a thou- theological schools in China it appears sand can read or write. that during the past year about 450 The Chinese government reports more men have been engaged in preparation than 40,000 schools under its control, for the ministry. These figures are sigand has primary and intermediate grades nificant, because it is upon the Chinese in every province, with total enrolment preachers that the ultimate success of of 1,500,000 students. The mission the country's evangelization depends. schools are said to be far ahead in quality of teaching, and 75 percent. of the Two years ago Bible study in Tientsin text-books used in the government was practically unknown in government schools were prepared by Christians or institutions. Three months after the under Christian supervision. Eddy meetings, out of 545 who had signed cards, 430, or 80 per cent. were studying in 54 Bible classes in the gov- ernment schools, in the Young Men's Christian Associations, and m the churches.

CHINA-OLD AND NEW Old China had an obsolete system of New China has a passion for modern education. education. Old China built pagodas to Buddha. New China builds school houses for Old China traveled by wheelbarrow youth. New China travels by steam and elec- and chair. tricity.

Old China did nothing for centuries New China would do everything up- but hold on. to-date.

Now is our time to help mold China for Christ.

T. Washington, Servant

His Fellow Men – A NEGRO'S VIEW OF THE NEGRO LEADER BY CLEMENT RICHARDSON, TUSKEGEE INSTITUTE, ALABAMA OOKER T. WASH- multiplied his labors in his- efforts 11B1 INGTON'S watchword was "service." He was to bring hope and comfort to the an emancipator to the poor of his race and in pleading toiler in the ditch and their cause before the world, until his arteries hardened and his heart to the woman at the ceased to beat at the age of 56.

washtub. He died in Tuskegee Sun- Those who lived near him, who lent day morning, November IS, 1915. He their energies to lighten his burdens,

TUSKEGEE INSTITUTE AS IT WAS TWENTY-FIVE YEARS AGO think of him, not as dead, but simply stoop as you go through it and you as on a long campaign to enlist aid, will save yourself many a hard to feed 1,500 black boys and girls, thump." Many have blamed Mr. and to provide them with heat, light, Washington for not condemning and means of education. To many, more loudly the outrages against his seen at a distance, Booker T. Wash- race. To have done so at the time ington seemed a good deal of a would have blasted the work he was wizard. To those nearer, he appear- doing. Day by day white men tirove ed as a humble worker, full of native by the institution and snarled. When common sense, with an eye for the the first building was going up at things at hand and with a great Tuskegee, some twenty odd years capacity for hard work. ago, certain men would drive by and make it a point to turn their heads Pitching his tent on a barren spot the other way. They doubted the sinin Alabama, this man, in thirty-five cerity of the enterprise and the adyears, built a million dollar institu- visability of educating Negroes. Dr. tion. How did he accomplish it all? Washington continued quietly and In the first place, he never thought in humbly to do his work. The other terms of failure. He planned care- day at his funeral many of these same fully, read his Bible, prayed in secret, men bent in sorrow over his body, in and then went forth armed from tip company with the boys and girls to toe with confidence in his cause. whose education they had opposed and condemned. In raising $56,000 for current expenses, in putting up new buildings, Booker T. Washington never alin establishing a water system at lowed himself to be humiliated. His Tuskegee Institute, in orgamzmg motto was, "No man shall drag me farmers' conferences, Negro Business down by making me hate him." How Leagues, and in touring states, he often have I seen him move audiences never expected failure and he very with a bit of an anecdote like the folseldom accepted it. lowing: "When I was a boy, I used to love to fight. I loved to get an- Yet with all his success Booker T. other boy down in a ditch and pound Washington remained humble. "My him and pound him. But I soon lad," said Dr. Cotton Mather to Ben- learned that I could not hold him jamin Franklin, "you are young and the world is before you; learn to

BOOKER T

down without remaining in the ditch nips, a sweet potato, an ear of corn myself." and say, "Here's what it means. A man with 500 bushels of the earth's His fixt principles were early im- sweet potatoes is worth $500 of the planted in him from the Bible, of earth's riches." which he was a close student. No matter where he was, he spent a half The farmer would see the point and hour every day reading and meditating the next year would come back with upon the Word of God; and over his more of the earth's riches. body the minister read out of the Bible, which one of his teachers gave His text to men to keep out of him when he was a student at Hamp- debt was, "To him that hath shall ton, and from which all these years be given." he had gained daily food for strength. Most of his addresses in the South Another great principle of Scripwere made to the masses of his ture that he must have absorbed was people, and his talks were usually drawn from the vision of Peter, and based upon Scripture. Tho his ser- the words from heaven: "Call nothmons were not theological, his exi- ing common or unclean." No topic gesis was so unique, and so reason- to him was too commonplace, no able, that it imprest the lessons never work despicable. He looked to the to be forgotten. need only. Who is there that can forget the lesson of the toothbrush, One of his favorite texts in speak- of putting on a nightgown, of taking ing to Negro farmers was "The the old pillow out of the window and earth is full of Thy riches." He putting in a pane, of nailing up the would begin by asking what it meant. fence, of putting. the gate on the Then he would seize a bundle of tur- hinge?

He went a step further and TUSKEGEE INSTITUTE AS IT WAS ON COMMENCEMENT SUNDAY, 1915

preached the need of beautiful sur- the truth of his doctrine. Last April roundings. He added to repairs the it was my privilege to accompany use of whitewash and of paint, of him on his educational tour of flowers, of pictures, of trees, of good ulUisiana. At every place all wished clothes, but without show or osten- to stop him, to shake his hands, to tation. Own your house and farm thank him either for the good he if possible, or failing this, build up, had done them personally or for the repair, and beautify wherever you general good he was doing the are. Thus you will be of service to South. the owner of the property and better fill your place as a worthy and pro- At Alexandria, La., people crowded gressive citizen. about the train, almost stopping its progress. Three of us shouldered Missionaries say that they can our way to the ground, clasped hands best reach the poor natives of foreign and began a fight to the stand on lands after these folk have been fed which he was to speak, about a half and clothed. This was the theory block away. We bucked, we shoulof Booker T. Washington. Correct- dered, cajoled and begged. Behind ing one's surroundings, and beautify- us a small squad of police suring premises were to him processes of rounded Mr. Washington and led Christianity. Moreover, these acts him to the platform. In five ,minlaid the foundation of a broader life utes that solid mass of faces grew of usefulness. He felt that men attentive, then uproarious, then atcould not be whole-hearted Christians tentive, then mobile, then flushed when their clothes were out of with enthusiasm. When it was over shape, and when they were loaded the police squad led him away to a with debts. He often summed it up spot which looked deserted. By the to the Tuskegee students in those time they had put him in an autonever-to-be-forgotten Sunday eve- mobile the crowd had surged about ning Chapel talks with, "I don't see and 10! there was another blockade. how a man can be a good Christian with one suspender on, or with his But, in spite of all this flattery, shoes all dowl1 at the heels." from the best black men, from gov- ernors, from judges, even from As a Public Orator kings and princes in foreign lands, he was never spoiled for the small Orators who draw great crowds audiences. He would plunge into often become spoiled, so that they his message before a cluster of farmcan not arouse enthusiasm to speak ers by the roadside with the same to the two or three. Few men have abandon with which he swayed addrest larger, more enthusiastic: whole multitudes. He was moved audiences than has Dr. Washington. from within by his message, not by For him cities have declared holi- the size of his audiences. The fact days, and railroads have changed is, while he gloried in the great their schedules, that all might hear crowds, he enjoyed going back to the his words. Rich and poor prest rude little churches, to the lonely in to hear what he said and to attest schoolhouses in Macon County, where his school is, and having his

T. WASHINGTON l03

BOOKER T. WASHINGTON SPEAKING DURING THE LOUISIANA TOUR OF 1915 say just as he had done 20 years taurant, in the back of a grocery back. store. The floor of this hostelry was Mother Earth. The dinner was As he accepted any condition with boiled collards and peas and some audiences, so he did with food and of the old lady's home-made pickles, lodging. Noone will soon forget which were put on in his honor. He the tempest caused by his dining with was as much at home,. as happy and Mr. Roosevelt in the 'Vhite House, as courteous, as if he had been in the and with Mr. John Wan:l111aker. White House or sitting at table op- About a year ago, I sat (!;)wn with posite a millionaire. him to dine in a poor woman's res-

He frequently made local tours in failure a disadvantage. Had he done the interval of a trip to the North, or so, he would have addrest few audi- of more extended journeys into other ences in the South. He invariably . states. These tours were the result had an audience of two races, whose of a sort of cry from Macedonia. interests were common, but the dif- After one of his addresses the ap- ference of whose color kept them peal would come from Missi~sippi, at great odds, now, not so great, from Florida, Louisiana, from the thank God! because of his words. Carolinas, from all states where These two races sat there looking Negroes are in large numbers-ex- him in the face-eager, hungry, but cept perhaps Georgia. An organ- each very curious to see what ad- ization, usually the state business vice he would give the other. The league which he himself had been black folk with pride claimed him instrumental in starting, assumed the as their most precious gift. The financial responsibilities. Then town whites sometimes wanted to argue and city business leagues contributed the mixture of blood. His task was so much pro rata. Dr. Washington to weld· these factions, to supplant never allowed a charge for admis- jealousy, misgiving, race antipathy, sion. Sometimes speculators would with a spirit of friendliness and help- slip around and sell tickets, but as fulness toward each other. soon as he heard of it he would stop the thing, even if he had to threaten It was a tremendous and delicate to cancel his engagement. Nearer task. Any moment, with any audi- home he bore all the expense him- ence he might make a slip and set self, or through funds given him. pandemonium agog. Any undue re- Sometimes a special car would be buke of his own race, any over-as- leased and arrangements made with sertion of rights to the whites, and railroads to drop and take on this his very life would have been in car at given points. danger. Yet he said what was needed, and saict it in such a way Now he spoke to from two thou- that men saw the injustice or the sand to five thousand people at nine absurdity of their acts and repented. o'clock in the morning, to an audi- When he wanted to criticise Georgia ence of like size at noon, to another before a mixed audience in Atlanta at 2 or 3 o'clock, to another at night. for spending about ten dollars per The speeches were from an hour to capita on educating white children two hours in length, and he gave all and $1.67 on Negroes, he told them there was of him to the task. Eager that such a distribution argued more faces looked up into his, hungry for natural superiority of his race than Lhe message, and aisles were packed his modesty would allow him to ac- Voices outside were clamoring for cept. When in Birmingham, Ala., he admission, faces were prest against sought to go upstairs in a large office windows, and the world was ex- building and found that the only pecting great things of him. elevator for his race was marked "For Negroes and freight," he said Life on these trips was not easy to the audience, "My friends, that's or without great hardships. Booker mighty discouraging to a colored T. Washington never considered even

T. WASHINGTON

man." They saw the justice of it, tion from contact. Only from meetand the white men, several hundred ing men and discussing freely probstrong, were heard to say, "that's lems common to all, he argued, could right." a clear and friendly relation be es- tablished. How often did he ex- Sometimes on these trips he had claim to audiences all over the South, hard experiences. During a tour "My friends, the best people of each through Florida a mob broke out race never meet. My race comes near him and sought to seize a Negro in contact with the antagonistic memin the jail and lynch him. In Mis- bers of your race, and your race sissippi, during his tour of that state judges us by the type of Negroes they hanged two black men on trees HOW THE NEGRO WASHINGTON INFLUENCED THE NEGRO CROWD Forty carloads of out-of-town people listening to Dr_ Washington at Mo und Bayou, M ississippi near the railroad, apparently that he you get in the courts. Is that just?" might be sure to see them. But he Probably the harshest crhlClsm saw them only with the outward eye. What he really thought of such ever launched against him arose from deeds, how they really affected him, the position he took toward the the· world will know only in part. Negro in politics. Those who In all such cases he attributed the launched this criticism, said flatly violence to ignorance in general, and that he did not want the Negro to to the race's ignorance of each other. vote. They knew not the man_ His panacea for it all was education, Booker Washington was a man of education, education from books, but tremendous faith in the final justice also, and more emphatically, educa- of God and of his fellow men. He saw that, taken for all and all, the

Negro was none too well fitted for eration is a man to serve, the one the ballot. This was so in intelli- which has passed and needs no servgence, in property holding and be- ice, or the one to come whose needs cause of the Negro's prejudices on he does not know? the one hand and those of the white man on the other. What he wanted Booker Washington's adjustment and wore his life out to attain was to the political and racial conditions that the Negro should lay the foun- of the South is the price he paid dation of citizenship first. After for the existence and service of Tuskegee Institute, and for his own PhotOgraDh by the American ,press ASSociation life and service in the South during MAJOR ROBERT R. MOTON the last thirty years. The white people had to get used to Negro Successor to Booker T. Washington as Principal schools and educated colored people. of Tuskegee Institute. Major Moton is a full- They would never have tolerated a Negro school which took for its blooded negro and was born in 1867. propaganda Negro political rights and social justice, no matter how fair this is done, he believed that the that stand might be. Surely in all black man would, through the jus- this Dr. Washington put himself out tice of God and man, come into his of the question, for his talents, his right as a voter. He thought this to be ability to choose and' keep men in ir,evitable. Moreover, as an apostle line, would have made him early one of peace, he was almost forced to of the great political factors of the such a stand, whether his conviction nation. so dictated or not. About the polls were continual riot and bloodshed, "Men tell me," he used to say, sometimes leading to the expulsion "that I have been very fortunate, of large numbers of his race from very successful in life. If that is localities. In this some say he was so, it has depended upon my getting a time-server. Be it so. What gen- other people to do things." In a sense this was the great secret-one sense only, for he was possest with a zeal for work. Certainly it was the secret of his abandon to any great undertaking. He chose men wisely, men who would cheerfully lay down their lives for the cause, and when he went forth he did so with the confidence that affairs at the school, valued tho they were at nearly two million dollars, would be safe and well conducted.

It must be kept in mind; that in addition to educating Negro boys and girls, Booker T. Washington was engaged in demonstrating a bigger and more intricate proposition. It

was that Negroes could do things to whom he submitted all his books, themselves, that they could be his articles, his speeches, his plans, trusted, that they could work one for scrutiny, who sat at his side on with another without more than the the platforms, gave him names of average friction among men. That people and whispered suggestions. he reached the place where he could Indeed, the world will never know leave this immense plant for months just how much of the work of later at a time is a pretty fair demon- years was Scott's and how much stration of this proposition. was Dr. Washington's. Back of these are a hundred men and women When asked near his last day what on the grounds who have been there was to become of Tuskegee, he re- long enough to catch the spirit of plied, "Tuskegee is to go -right on HOW TUSKEGEE IS CHANGING NEGRO SCHOOLS IN THE SOUTH Out of the old schoolhouse into the new-Pine Grove, Lee County, Ala.

under the men there,"-under him whose work remains to be car- Warren Logan, who like himself is ried on; and back of these are thoua graduate of Hampton, who for 28 sands of humble black men and years has been Acting Principal in women throughout the republic who Mr. Washington's absence, and who have raised their heads a little furis responsible for the sound finan- ther from the ground because Booker cial standing of the school; under Washington lived, and who will add their mite and their sympathy in Emmett J. Scott, who for 18 years seeing that Tuskegee pushes forward the work for which the man of their has been his confidential secretary as ranks lived and for which he gave well as the secretary of the institu- up his life. tion. It was Scott whom he delegated to go to Liberia in his stead,

China-The Land of

BY THE LATE REV. SAMUEL POLLARD, CHENTU, WEST CHINA Missionary of the United Methodists, 1887·1915 N the years gone by, fore Foreign Devils worship Him." How changed it all is. Those were mI the officials in the days of great uphill work A few Province of Yunnan, of us held a half night of prayer and . where I have spent there came a promise to us that we a quarter of. a cen- should see thousands of people con- tury, were either hos- verted. Before many years there tile or coldly indifferent to Protes- may be a Christian Church in South tant missionary work N ow and West China of half a million memagain a minor official was a friend of bers. When years ago we admitted the Westerner, but we never dreamed two men into the Church in one day in those days of mandarins attending we were greatly elated and rejoiced. Christian services. Now, however, One afternoon recently in one village the highest officers in the Province center alone a hundred and three are frequent1y listening to Christian men and boys and seventy-three appeals and encouraging those under women and girls were baptised. them to follow out the high ideals. In Tali Fu, West Yunnan,_ where A short time ago a mission of ten the Panthay rebels had the seat of days was held in a large city in the their government, about forty years North East of Yunnan and the at- ago, missionaries labored for thirty tendances numbered thirteen thou- years, and did not see thirty consand. The officials, professors in verts. Now the people come in government schools, heads of police, crowds, and on one occasion more and others, nearly all accepted invi- people were baptized than in the pretations to be present, and several vious thirty years. God is giving the made speeches commending the work increase. of the missionaries. The great work among the aborig- In Yunna~ Fu, the capital of the inals spreads like a prairie fire. Not Province, and one of the most beau- long ago some native missionaries tifutly situated cities of the whole of wrote saying they had discovered a China, for thirty years, men and lot of other people willing to receive women missionaries have plodded on Christian teachers and break with with very little success. Now con- the past. They estimated that they versions are frequent, services are had gained "another ten thousand crowded, workers are in good heart converts." and the name of Jesus is highly respected by many who are outside of What is going to be the next move the churches. Years ago in that in this great land of great surpri~es beautiful city, I woke up one morn to where the people are restless and find the legend written across my feeling after some One who stands front door, "Jesus is a Devil, there- at their door and they know it not?

in the

A TRAVELER'S IMPRESSIONS OF PRESENT CONDITIONS BY ROBERT E. SPEER, NEW YORK Author of "Missions and Modern History," etc.

~~:6l~~F a traveler were blind- "'What pleasure can we have to strive folded in Siam and with evil? transported tot h e Philippine Islands and And is there any peace in ever climb- the blind removed he ing up the climbing wave?' might at first doubt "Weare ambitious only to be as whether he had left Siam at all. He we have been. Do not disturb us would see around him the familiar with restless dreams." domestic animals, most conspicuous among them the uncouth but indis- The contrast in the Philippine Islpensable carabao. Paddy-fields, just ands is instantaneous and complete. like those in Siam, stretch about him, Here are eager people, full of life edged with palm trees, skilfully ter- and hope, drinking eagerly at the raced and irrigated and filled at the fountains of new life and energy, same planting season with cheerful cheerful, happy in their greetings, companies of brightly drest village pushing hard against old limitations. folk setting out the rice plants. Many In fifteen years they have swung clear cadences of the native songs sound out of the back eddies of resignation like the strains heard on the streams in which the great mass of the Siaand the roadways in Siam. The mese people are sleeping into the houses of bamboo and nipa thatch, great stream of earnest life and joythe banana-groves, the women's ous effort which sweeps through the skirts, at least in the island of Pa- modern world. It is exhilarating to nay, the sun and the seasons, the come into this atmosphere of freebetel-nut, and, indeed, most of the dom and democratic joy after having outward forms of life might lead a felt the heavy pressure of the weight traveler to wonder whether he had of inert or despairing hopelessness not been led on some long, circuitous which rests on the mainlands of eastjourney which left him still in Siam. ern Asia.

One day's experience, however, It is due to the Roman Church would show that he had passed into and to the Spanish government that conditions differing from those he neither the narcotic influence of Budhad seen as day differs from night. dhism nor the sterility of Islam, nor The spirit of Siam is quiescent, inert. the wayward wastefulness of ani- "What profit can there be in strug- mism has destroyed the spirit of the gle?" it seems to ask. "Did not our Filipinos. They taught the people lord Buddha teach that all desire is to believe in God and in the great perempty? sonalizing and renewing principles of Christianity, and they gave them ele- ments of the ideals of thought and

standards of action which determine American Education the values of life. The American The most remarkable and effective spirit has unreservedly recognized of the agencies which the government this debt of the Philippine Islands to has used has been the new educa- the past and has erected on the sea- tional system. The Philippine public- front looking out over Manila Bay a school system, as its director says, is great monument in which Legaspi, probably the most highly centralized the soldier, and Urdineta, the priest, system in the world, and it is hard stand on either side of a cross, typi- for anyone who has not seen its fying the three great forces which for work, ramifying through all the prov- four hundred years wrought upon the inces of the Islands and rapidly per- spirit of a not unresponsive people. vading the whole body of society, to But when all this has been said, no realize its power. When the Ameri- one can fail to see that it is the ef- cans came to the Islands they found ficiency and unselfishness of the ser- no public-school system. The Roman vice that America has rendered in the Church had its own higher schools, Philippine Islands during the past but the few primary schools in exis- fifteen years which is chiefly respon- tence were negligible. In March, sible for the present conditions. In 1915, there were 3,837 primary these fifteen years the Islands have schools, 3d9 intermediate schools, and made almost as marked progress, in- 41 secondary schools, a total of 4,187, tellectually and economically, as in with a total teaching force of 9,845.

the previous four centuries, and every More than half of all the children of year marks a further advancement im- school age in the Islands were en- measurably greater than the Siamese rolled.

government is accomplishing for a When the schools were first population about equal, but with a opened the people were uninterested governmental revenue more than or suspicious or opposed, now the double that of the Philippines. schools are their most popular insti- Americans have a right to be proud tutions. The first act of the Filipino of the achievement of these fifteen legislature after its inauguration was years. The spirit of a whole people to pass an appropriation for school has been changed from suspicion to purposes. One-fourth of the entire good will, from despair to hope, from budget of the insular government is inequality and privilege to democracy devoted to education. Everywhere the and brotherhood. A national unifica- people freely vote taxes for educa- tion has begun and is rapidly ad- tional purposes and contribute from vancing, not only unchecked but in- their personal funds for the support spired and promoted by the Ameri- of schools and furnish labor and mate- can administration, not only without rials for school buildings. Within a fear but with joy and of set purpose. few years the great mass of the popu- The whole process has been free and lation will have been given a primary living, and guided by moral forces education, so that everyone will be which have made no use of the me- able to read and write. An inter- chanical and militaristic agencies to mediate education will have been giv- which other lands have resorted. en to the substantial middle class of

IN THE PHILIPPINES

the country, and higher instruction jealousy and of tribal strife with gen- will have been provided for those erous rivalry. who are to assume leadership. Industrial instruction has steadily The Filipino people never have changed the viewpoint of the people been a unity. They had no common respecting manual labor, has raised language or literature. But a small the standard of living, improved the fraction of them were able to speak home and home life, taught better Spanish, and while, to this extent, methods of cooking, sanitation and Spanish constituted a bond of union, the care of children, provided voca- it was also an agency of separation tions and developed national re- among the people and of aristocratic sources. No normal pupil is promo- domination. The schools made Eng- ted from a primary or intermediate lish the language of instruction be- grade without participating in indus- cause a common language was es- trial work. Already the effects of sential for national unity, because the schools are apparent in every de- English gave the fullest contact with partment of the life of the people. In . the ideals of democracy and because many provinces men under thirty are it is the commercial language of the no longer seen at the cock-pits, and world, especially of the Far East. every year the revenue from the N ow it is estimated many more peo- licensed cock-fighting diminishes. In ple speak English than ever spoke every province farmers are multiply- Spanish, and a generation is growing ing their tilled areas, having learned up to which English will be the Fili- better methods, and realizing now pino language. The change that has that the old days of insecurity and already taken place is illustrated in oppression are gone. the fact that during the half year ending December I, 1913,4,377 appli- Wherever we traveled through the cants took the civil service examina- Islands in the dozen provinces which tions in English and 490 in Spanish, we visited we attended the schools while six years ago the number tak- and came away with new courage and ing the examinations in English was hope in the remembrance of this 4,223 and in Spanish 1,975, and in great host of eager, responsive, en- the year ending July I, 1914, 2,443 thusiastic young lives drinking in the were examined in English and 3,011 streams of truth and democracy, and in Spanish. dreaming for themselves and for their Islands the great dreams which may The effect of athletics and of in- not always yield the great deeds, but dustrial education in the schools has without which certainly the great been equally remarkable. Clean games deeds can not be. These boys and have brought with them noticeable girls in the high and intermediate improvement in the physical develop- schools constitute· one of the great ment of the people, who stood in opportunities of the evangelical misgreat need of such influences. Sports sions. Wherever these missions have have developed energy, organizing any chapels in the neighborhood of ability, and the faculty of coopera- the schools, a large part of the contion, and have replaced the spirit of gregation is sure to be made up of students. They come from and go

back to the better-class homes, to Cebu look very much like hillside which it has been most difficult thus cornfields in America. Altho nearly far to secure access. Their educa- half the area of the Islands is esti- tion has raised questions in their mated to be forest, we traveled wide- minds which they are not willing to ly through the islands and only evade and which bring them to reli- twice came in touch with the forests.

gious teachers who do not forbid Mindanao alone has, in an area them to think and who are willing to about equal to Holland, Belgium, and lead them forward into the new land Denmark combined, only 626,086 in- of liberty. Within the next ten years habitants, or seventeen to the square tens of thousands of these young mile, while Java, whose physical con- people for whom mere ecclesiastical ditions are similar, has 590 to the authority has no meaning should be square mile. It has the best climate brought into a living faith in Christ. in the Islands, 22,000 square miles The educational achievement of the of forest, and as good grazing last fifteen years in the Philippine ground as can be found anywhere in Islands is vividly seen by comparing the world. If you ask for anything it with the educational system of in the Philippine Islands that you Siam. have not found elsewhere, you are Total Government Siam. Philippine met with the reply, "0, yes, you will Islands. find it in Mindanao." Income ………. $28,070,774 $11,275,074 Thousands from other islands are Devoted to Education $623,499 $2,082,172 moving thither. Whole evangelical congregations from Cebu have re- Total number of 4,187 moved to northern Mindanao. Young 610,519 men from Silliman Institute have schools under the scattered along the north t:oast carry- Department of Public Instruction 394 Pup i I s in the s e Schools ……… 25,486 ing with them the seeds of the new The Siamese government estimates life which they got at Dumaguete.

that there are approximately 2,900 The communities are wide open to local and private schools with 95,000 the Gospel. When the representa- scholars not under the ministry of tive of the Congregational Church to public instruction. Let such schools which Mindanao is assigned in the and scholars be excluded in the Phil- distribution of responsibility for the ippine Islands and included in Siam, evangelization of the Philippines came and the latter would have 3,294 to Cagayan, the governor, treasurer, schools and 120,486 scholars in a presidents, and all the chief officials population about the same as that of welcomed him, calling for a hos- the Philippines. pital, a college, a dormitory, a The land which these young peo- church. After the slaughter in the ple are being trained to develop is a cock-pit Sunday afternoon it was of- far more attractive and habitable and fered for a meeting, at which the homelike land than it is easy for us crowds drank in the words of the in America to conceive. The Islands preacher. The next day the chief are not all swamp and forest and political paper of the city called tropical jungle. The cornfields of upon the people of the province to

give the missionaries their friendship Everyone who longs to see the Ro- and support. Similar doors of op- man Church purified and set free portunity are wide ajar on every must look with sorrow upon it as it side. stands divided and confused among The Failure of Romanilm the havoc which it helped to make The Roman Church had its unhin- and among the mighty forces of dered opportunity for four hundred freedom and hope which are repair- years. I have already borne un- ing that havoc and building in its grudging testimony to some of the stead a structure of truth and lib- good that it accomplished, but it erty.

wrought also much evil and it Evangelical Opportunity showed itself, through its divisions, The present situation offers what its inefficiency, and its despotism, Paul would call "a wide door and ef- incapable of doing alone the work fectual" to the work of the evangeli- which needed to be done. It was cal missions. Fifteen years ago the divided and is divided still. The churches entered this door with zeal friars contended with one another and wisdom. In a spirit not of ex- and with the Filipino clergy, from clusive claim but of distributed re- whom they sought to take away the sponsibility, they divided the task, parochial care of their own people. assigning central and northern Lu- In 1849 only one-fifth, and those the zon to the Methodists, southern Lu- poorest, of the 168 parishes under the zon to the Presbyterians, the Visa- Archbishopric of Manila, belonged yas to the Baptists and Presbyter- to the Filipinos, and this number ians, Mindanao to the Congregation- was steadily reduced, for the decree alists. Later, room was made in Lu- of September !O, 1861, gave power zon for the United Brethren and the to the Reccoletos "to administer the Disciples. The Episcopalians, who parishes of Cavite province and other had begun their work for Americans parishes now under the native clergy and the non-Christian tribes, were as they are being vacated." The led on by the very compulsion of the friars' orders, which are now regain- need to share in the general work ing something of their strength, are for the Filipino people in Manila.

again a source of disunion and con- These determinations of responsi- flict. The Church was and is inef- bility have been of the greatest value.

ficient. One of its own lawyers, as They have secured a far wider evan- well as officials whose business gelization than would otherwise have brought them into relation with it, been possible, and they have minis- told me that they were amazed at its tered to the unification of the people business incapacity and at the losses through the subordination of all de- that it had suffered in consequence. nominational division and the co- No one can look at the present in- ordination of the results of the work effective and misapplied activities of of almost all the missions, not only the Church, missing so much of the in an evangelical union of the work- wonderful opportunity of the present ers, but in a church union of the con- day, without marveling at its want gregations in the one "Evangelical of insight and intelligent direction. Christian Church of the Philippine

Islands." The Church is wofully true and tactful influence which will weak as yet in wholly self-supporting lead them to take Christ into their local units, and there appears to have lives as their living Master.

been temporarily a subsidence of One sees no hope of any self- the zeal and momentum of the first generated movements of religious re- days. "Five years from now," said vival in the Islands. Aglipayanism one of the most intelligent and ener- is disintegrating, and, in the process, getic Filipino leaders, "you will find is passing through a pitiful degenera- that the tide has returned with fuller tion. It began as a great revolt strength than ever. The thought of within the Roman Church, but it rep- the people is concentrated at present resented no vital intellectual or spiri- on political discussion, but within a tual principle. It was a rebellion, few years this will have passed by. not a reform, and it met its death- Policies will have been clearly set- blow when the courts awarded the tled, and will have become under- Church properties to the Roman or- stood. Then, again, the mind of the ganization. A few church-buildings people will turn to the deepest prob- were built. Some of these are still lems and necessities, and multitudes maintained in shabby disrepair. Some both of the older people to whom of the people have returned to their the old religious forms are meaning- old superstitions, and even deepened less, and of the younger people to the fraud and falsehood which they whom they are unreal and untrue, repudiated, as in the case of the and who, believing intellectually in church in Santa Cruz worshiping God and Christ, are still seeking a and making money out of the Vir- vital experience, will turn to the Bi- gin of Malove, which is nothing but ble and to the Church which is not a curiously shaped knot of wood.

afraid to open its pages to the peo- Aglipay himself, under the influence ple and answer the questions which of one of his followers who has dug the people ask." up the remains of Renan, has now But our observation and experience taken up with a charlatan rational- would lead to the conclusion that ism. There is in him and his move- there is no need of waiting for five ment no hope whatever of religious years; that the door is just as wide or moral helpfulness to the Filipino open now as it was fifteen years ago, people.

and wider; that in almost every mu- The spirit of truth and freedom is nicipio and barrio in the Islands borne far and wide over the land to- there are men and women accessible day by men who have come from and waiting; and that nowhere in America or who have been raised up the world is there a richer and more from the Islands, whose sign is not immediate possibility of an evangelis- A. M., the monogram of Ave Maria, tic harvest and of a great molding which takes the place of the figure of of character in individuals and in a the Savior over the altar in some of nation than among the 50,000 stu- the great Manila churches, but A. D., dents enrolled in the intermediate the day of Mary'S Son, and who and secondary schools, who are dead carry not so much cross Dr crucifix, ripe for friendship and for every as the living Christ.

A SERVICE IN THE PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH OF RIO DE JANEIRO

A Wide-Awake Church in Brazil A STORY OF THE PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH OF RIO DE JANEIRO BY REV. ALVARO REIS, PASTOR Few Christians in North America and England know of the strength and influence of some of the Prote~tant churches in South America. It is therefore illuminating to read of the history and manifold activities of this organization which is but a sample of many equally strong and evangelical.-EDITOR.

@}j~~~ll HE Presbyterian Church A church building was erected in of Rio de Janeiro was 1873, with a seating capacity of six organized over fifty hundred, and in the Jubilee year this years ago (on January was enlarged by the addition of a 12,1862) by Rev. Ash- gallery seating 300 people. bell Green Simonton, In May, 1897, when the present the first American Presbyterian mis- pastor took official charge of the sionary to Brazil, who had arrived church, the number of members was in Rio two years and a half before. 585, and in eighteen years the church increased to 1,395 members. In 1897, Two years later, Rev. Jose Manoel the church had one other preaching da Concei<;ao, an accomplished priest station (in the suburbs), while to-day and eloquent orator, who. was c~:m­ there are five (daughters) organized verted from Roman Catholicism, was churches that worship in their own ordained in this church as the first buildings, beside twelve congreganational preacher.

tions, ten of which have no buildings. -for the propagation of the Gospel, In the same period the contributions with a circulation of twenty-five hun- for all purposes have grown from dred copies. $8,000 to $14,000. The activity of the Presbyterian All this work, including the Sun- Church of Rio is indicated by the day-schools in all the churches and organizations at work, which include a Ladies' Aid Society, senior and PASTOR ALVARO REIS junior Christian Endeavor societies, and a normal Sunday-school class. congregations, is directed by mne na.tive preachers and teachers, and This church renders financial asthere is not an American Presby- sistance to much good ~ork in Brazil terian missionary working in all this and to our first missionary station at field of the Presbytery of Rio de Lisbon, in Portugal, opened in 1910, Janeiro-a territory nearly as large during the pastor's visit to that as France. country.

In the Presbytery of Rio de Jan- Fro~ this church. have gone out twelve preachers of the Gospel, and eiro there were received by profes- at present four members are presion of faith in 1914, 431 adults ; paring to preach. children baptized, 504. The Presbytery's contributions for all purposes The Christian Endeavor Society, amounted to $5°,000. after having constructed a nice little chapel for their first missionary sta- The Presbyterian Church of Rio tion in Fontinha (suburb), is consupports its pastor, one assistant structing now a large room for its preacher, and a secretary, who gives meetings in the yard of the Central his principal time to the editing of Presbyterian Church of Rio. This the weekly pap~r, Puritano (Puritan) structure will cost more than $4,000. This society, which is the strongest in Brazil, does good work among the prisoners, explaining the Gospel and giving evangelical tracts; also sends pamphlets by mail to the gentlemen of good social and political position, and occasionally distributes thousands of tracts on the streets.

If we want a strong and living Church it is necessary that every be- liever should read his Bible daily, as well as some evangelical book; that he should pray fervently; do his daily work honestly and diligently; that in every place, by his life and words and by evangelical efforts, he should do something daily for the advancement of the ;Kingdom of God; that he have

A WIDE-AWAKE CHURCH IN BRAZIL II7

some special work in the church, and nificant member or organ of the body that he contend constantly against the does not go well-good health disiniquity of this world, against the re- appears and sickness comes with its' ligious indifference, against the social sufferings and tears. My greatest corruption, against the superstition, efforts as preacher and pastor, and idolatry and fetichism of the Roman my purpose before God are that the worship, against the heretical doc- Holy Spirit may move all the hearts trines of the modern spiritualists and of the members of the Presbyterian their medical charlatanism. Finally, Church of Rio to do daily some work GARDEN IN INTERIOR OF EVANGELICAL HOSPITAL, RIO DE JANEIRO, BRAZIL he must strive for the animation of for Christ and his Church. But all all the lukewarm believers who for- my efforts can not reach all the memget their church and that the great- bers. Oh, there are yet so many beest privilege in the world is to co- lievers that do nothing visible or peroperate with Christ in leading souls ceptible in favor of the Christian from the darkness to the light of the cause! In the meanwhile I will con- Eternal Life and Love of God. tinue in this effort as much as pos- sible through my sermons, prayers In the Church, the body of Christ, and conversations. The Evangelical all the believers have some particular, Church in Brazil is growing in numindividual and proper function to per- bers and power. form. When even the most insig-

America and the

BY BISHOP HOMER C. STUNTZ, BUENOS AIRES, ARGENTINA Methodist Episcopal Bishop of South America ~~:i?2~~N at least five ways city. Merchants, contractors,' labor- the war in Europe in- ers-every activity of Argentina is jures missionary work led or well-near led by Italians. The in South America. Spanish speech of the port is taking 1. It drains our con- Italian forms, and that not with an gregations of young accent here, and a pronunciation there, but in the very warp and woof men. Immigration has brought mil- of the language itself. Belgians have . lions from nearly all parts of Eu- come to South America in far great- er numbers than I had supposed be- rope, and has flung them out over fore going there. They have a good- the wide spaces of the southern con- ly representation right over the whole tinent. Almost every race on the land. The French have found that far side of the Atlantic has made its part of the western world a conge- contribution. They have come seek- nial home, and have come in goodly ing the larger life of the young na- numbers, particularly for commercial tions where economic opportunity ends. joins with the spice of adventure so loved of all youth, and the stream Furthermore, it must not be for- has run almost bank-full during the gotten that this immigratiQnal stream last two or three decades. Germans is a comparatively new on"e.~· While practically dominate Southern Bra- Spain held her grip in South Ameri- zil. The southern end of Chile is ca, laws and administrative effort filled with sturdy sons and daugh- were centered in an attempt to keep ters of the same Fatherland. Eng- that land of Spain for Spaniards lish and Scotch and Welsh, not to only. Immigration was not only not omit the Irish, are there, particular- sought after; it was inhibited under ly numerous in the Argentine, where pains and penalties which Spain nearly all the railway lines are fi- could be. trusted to invent and ap- nanced by British capital. By hun- ply better than any nation which had dreds of thousands the British have not been learning cruelties from the made South America their home, and Moors for seven bloody centuries. have flourished exceedingly in their When Bolivar and San Martin and new and roomy habitat. Italians their companions in arms did for all have come in far greater numbers parts of that continent what W ash- than any other Europeans. They ington and his fellow soldiers did have flocked into Brazil and Argen- for our United Colonies-freed them tina, particularly, and to such an ex- from foreign control-it was half tent has this gone on that Buenos a century before the leaders of the Aires is almost as much an Italian ten republics into which they broke as a Spanish or purely Argentine up awakened to a full sense of their won them for Christ. This they have need of that enrichment of national done, and in center after center men life which European immigration from the embattled nations have bewould bring them. Then their early come members, and, in many cases, efforts were hindered for lack of leaders in our churches. The loss of proper publicity, and immigrants these men has injured mlSSlOn have never been as free to go there churches from Peru to Valdivia on as to come to this favored land. For the West Coast, and from Punta never before in history has there Arenas to the last port in Brazil on been a heavy race movement from the East Coast. And by far the north to south. These, as Mr. Ben- larger number will never return! In jamin Kidd points out in his sug- this lies the full meaning of this gestive book, "The Control of the form of our suffering from the mon- Tropics," have moved from east to ster war. west on either side of the equator, but have not crossed it in racial mi- Financial Troubles grations. Unsettled conditions of government, and religious intoler- 2. It deprive~ 1tS of the means of ance united to keep the flood at a self-support. Not only in our minimum, and what these forces schools, but in direct evangelistic and lacked was supplied in a vicious sys- pastoral work, the missionary activitem of land ownership, shutting the ties of that part of the world are small farmer from opportunity to carried on by means of the contribuget a home of his own. Due to all tions of members on the field to an these causes, and more which I will extent which would come as a comnot even specify, the immigrants in South America are nearly all of the plete surprize to many a: supporter of first gene.ration 'from their own lands. By far the larger number missions. In the Argentine and U ruhave come since they can remember, guay, for example, in the work and the bearing of it all on the mat- which I am attempting to direct for ter before us is that there were tens the Methodist Episcopal Church, the of thousands of men there when the free-will offerings of the members war broke out who were either im- and friends the last year before the migrants themselves, or sons of im- war was equal to the entire appromigrants, tho born in the lands of priation made by the Church in Europe, and neither father nor sons North America, Several of the naturalized in the land of their adop- churches have been entir<;:ly selftion. They were liable for military supporting for years, and the produty, and answered and are answer- cess was going on in a most gratifying the call to their national colors ing fashion until we were struck by in thousands and tens of thousands. this red horror of war. The injury is great in the matter of financial Now the missionaries at work in support, and the longer the slaughter South America would have been re- and the reckless destruction of miss in their duty had they not wealth goes on, the greater must be sought out these sons of Europe and the harm and loss.

How this can be done is not plain without thinking briefly of the re- lations which exist between South

America and Europe. It does seem The terrific destruction of capital puzzling and bewildering when one which was exacted from the first is told that a boarding-school in Bo- belching of cannon to the present_ livia is forced to shut part of its hour has goaded European capitalists work, and its very existence is im- into the most desperate attempts to perilled by a war in Europe! It get their scattered resources in hand only calls attention to the interlock- at the earliest possible moment.

ing of interests which has gone on Therefore, in the face of a series of since steam and electricity "made the years of poor harvests due to drouth world a neighborhood." It is one or floods, and in the very midst of more comment on the truth uttered large projected plans for public im- by Scripture-HN0 man liveth unto provements in nearly all parts of the himself." several nations, with coffee and rub- Being Latins, and harking back to ber both falling in price, and the European ancestry, European ideas stress of financial depression already rather than those from North Amer- crowding down national and com- ica, they have done their selling, their mercial intake, merchants and rail- buying and borrowing and banking, way financiers and national leaders in' Europe! The economic rootage have been called upon for the prompt of the southern continent is in Ger- payment of vast sums as fast as they many, in England, in France, in Bel- f'ell due, where they had confidently gium. Capital for huge government- hoped to extend times of payment, al loans in those republics comes and borrow yet more heavily until'

southwest and not south. It is their troubles blew over. All this European. Until last November makes itself felt right up and down there was not one bank in South the line of national life. Interest America that we ever found that rates go soaring. The small mer- would either cash a dollar draft or chant must square his accounts with sell a draft in terms of our currency. the wholesaler whether he can do so All the flow of business between or not! The farmer can not secure South America and North America the loan he needs to buy seed for the poured through Berlin or London or next crop. The mine owner is cramp- Paris. By far the larger share of ed and must dismiss his force. And their exports went to European mar- in the last analysis all this economic kets, and little besides farm machin- pressure reaches the missionary, and ery and mining machinery sent to the cuts off the support for the day- and West Coast and Brazil, and National boarding-schools in which youth were Cash Registers and "Walkover" shoes, being taught the ways of true relig- were bought in the United States. ion, and shuts off the contributions The war has hit the entire contin- which had made possible the rental ent so hard that business interests of a hall and the payment of a are staggering or prostrate. This meager salary to a national pastor has come about in two ways. First, who was gathering scores to hear the repayment of governmental and com- Word of God.

mercial loans has been abruptly de- Second, exports and imports have manded by the European lenders. been practically stopt in some dis-

AMERICA AND THE WAR

tricts, with all the wreckage of busi- for letters home, not to purchase ness that follows in the wake of such mediCines for the sick. With their a sudden shutting off of the steady income from students divided by at streams of income from millions of least five, and their support from the. people. Take Bolivia as an example, government entirely suspended, they and as one of the nations which is needed no convincing that the war suffering most heavily. Mining is interfered with missionary work in the industry by which Bolivia lives. South America. The Board is sup- Her mineral wealth is vast, and she plementing their income temporarily, manufactures nothing. Nearly 70 but the heroic force holds on with per cent. of the governmental rev- splendid courage. They should have enue comes from high export duties our prayers and our love. on ores of various kinds, tin being one of the principal products. In a In the nitrate fields of Chile, and day all export, all cabled orders for throughout the northern part, there export, and all correspondence about is distress little short of that which export stopt! What happened? Mines has reigned in Belgium. In all that were either shut down or went on desert country for fifteen hundred with reduced forces and under gov- miles there is never a shower of ernment aid. With the first firing, rain, and the one industry by which the ships of belligerents were either the cities live is mining of nitrate interned in neutral ports where they and copper. Here the same results happened to be, or captured by one followed which have been. described enemy vessel or another. above. Our mission school for boys at Iquique lost thirty of its fifty How did this effect missionary boarders in the first month after war work? Vitally. Patrons of mission was declared. Day pupils were alschools in La Paz and Cochabamba most all withdrawn. But for help faced utter poverty. They were from North America the mission forced to withdraw their sons from schools could not have been kept up. the schools. Governmental aid had been generously given to these insti- Argentina, Uruguay and Brazil tutions because of the excellence of feel the effects of the ~ar keenly. the work they were doing for the But one who passes from nation to youth of the land. But govern- nation as it has been my duty to do mental income practically ceased with during recent months sees that they the opening of the war. are suffering far less than West Coast countries. They get millions We have over twenty selected of pounds of frozen meats away college and university graduates to Europe by single steamers. They working in those two schools, and send immense loads of horses to feed . so pitiless has been the pinch of the the cannon and machine guns of a situation created by the war in Eu- hundred shambles of war. They exrope, as certainly as tho the firing port less than usual; but the stream had been done in their own streets, does not at any time entirely dry up. that these men and women had no From all these causes our work in salaries for months, and more than the various churches will receive a once had not money to buy stamps decided check this year, and while

the war goes on. Supporting Boards of toil in the name of the Christ, must reckon with this fact, and not such hellish forces seem to control expect the impossible. the world. It is a time to try men's Mental Distraction souls, and we feel it among widely separated workers and among im- 3. It preoccupies the public mind. mature Christians on the mission Public sympathy is strongly inclined field most acutely.

to the side of the Allies. But the 5. It embitters strong races among heavy German population of parts of whom 'we wMtld win souls. How the countries makes its own view intense this bitterness becomes may strongly felt, and the public mind is be understood in part could I right- so preoccupied with the wrangling fully tell the inner workings of mis- in community groups, the conflicting sionary administration, particularly in deliverancies of newspapers, and the its personnel. Germans will not go wild rumors and reports from day to to hear an Englishman preach. Eng- day, that it is only natural that at- lishmen refuse to accept the pastoral tendance should fall off at the labors of German pastors, no matter churches and chapels, and that those how discreet and restrained their who do come are not as open to the utterances. Members of the same influences of the preaching as they official groups in local churches re- were before this distracting and hor- sign, and even revile one another rible nightmare filled all their think- openly. Entire sections of com- ing by day and wakened them at munities become enraged at each night from dreams of carnage and other, and prayer-meetings are in- sudden drownings at sea. jured, and public services thin down 4. It saps the courage of many. to a handful, and Christ is wounded They say, "What is the use?" They at the hands of those who should be feel benumbed. They see a continent His friends. There is no racial feel- where religious influences have been ing so strong as that of the colonial, at work for all the centuries since the citizen away from his home land.

Christ came. There Paul and Au- He idealizes the land from which he gustine, Calvin and Knox, Luther has been absent just long enough to and Wesley lived and ~aught and soften all his impressions of its fail- wrought mightily for the righteous- ings, and throw up into strong re- ness which is the goal of the King- lief all the advantages and glories dom, nay, the Kingdom itself. And of loved scenes and dear associations that is the continent which has blazed and a boasted past. The entail of into an unrighteous war, the most hate seems more unchristlike to me terrible and merdless of which his- even than the wounds and piled up tory gives us any knowledge. There terrors of the battlefields. Christ de- can be no doubt that much of the mands love, even of enemies. We see visible lack of prayer and zeal in bitter hatred, and can only speak our mIssIonary circle" in South plainly of its unchristlike character, America in recent months has come and pray that it may be swallowed up from this dumb feeling of di ,cour- of the deeper iove of Christ our agement that after so many centuries Master and King.

Shih Kai and the

BY REV. E. w. THWING, PEKING, CHINA Oriental Secretary of the International Reform Bureau 1~~m.:s……'Iti1JIAST year a beautiful troubles come upon the world, and Bible was given to times of danger. Men make plans, President Yuan Shi but we know that all things depend Kai, but he said that upon Heaven (God). he had not time to read it, and gave the Last year I read how Your Excel- lency sacrificed to Heaven on behalf volume to his son. Recently, how- of the nation. But from ancient ever, he has devoted some time times the burnt sacrifice has a deeper daily to the Ancient Sages. As he meaning than· is often seen. We has not time to go through the books should seek to know the true reason himself, he has directed some of his for God's ancient law. Councilors to make selections for his use. As your Excellency is now read- ing selections from the wisdom of the Not long ago, by special appoint- ancient Sages, I ask that you may ment of the President, I secured an also read some selections from the interview with the Chief of Cere- "Save-the-world Classic," the book mony, and suggested that the Presi- that tells of God's purpose, and that dent might be greatly helped in the is as a light in world darkness. This affairs of State by reading the Bible. book has been known and read by The fact was mentioned that men great men of all ages. like Abraham Lincoln and President Wilson found much help in reading President Wilson, of my own the Bible, as one of the world's most country, finds in this book daily ancient books, and full of the Wis- guidance and help. I have prepared dom of God. a few selections of subjects of pres- ent interest for your Excellency's The Chief of Ceremony agreed perusal. If it is your Excellency's that the President might well in- pleasure, at a latter day I will preclude this book with the other ancient pare other selections. classics, but that at present he read only documents. The Chief of The Unchangeable Word of God Ceremony suggested that selections from the Bible might be put in the I. ANCIENT KINGS RECEIVED form of a document, and that he would then see that the President GOD'S MESSAGE. read them. In the "Li Chi" it is said: "the In harmony with this suggestion Ancient Kings received the decrees the following documents were pre- of God and were able to rule the pared and sent to President Yuan. people." "To lose them is death, to gain them is Iife." To the President: When the Great Doctrine is lost The Bible has given God's law in fuller detail. Nate the following: "God spake all these 'Words saying",·

(then follow the Ten Command- wickedness must bring punishment. ments. Exodus 20). A nd I will punish the world for Those who keep God's Command- their evil, and the wicked for their ments will have great blessing. iniquity,' and I will cause the arro- gancy of the proud to cease, and will And it shall come to pass, if thou lay low the haughtiness of the ter- rible. (Isaiah 13: II.) shalt hearken diligently unto the voice of tihe Lord thy God, to ob- 4.' PRIDE OF MAN BRINGS DESserve and to do all his commandments which I command thee this TRUCTION. day, that the Lord thy God will set thee on high above all nations of the The rulers of Europe have become earth. proud. This brings the punishment of God. It was so in ancient Baby- And all these blessings shall come lon and Egypt. on thee, and overtake thee, if thou shalt hearken unto voice of the Lord The great King of Babylon was thy God. the greatest at that time but God took away his throne for pride: If men disobey God's Law, trouble and sickness come. A t the end of twelve months he walked in the palace of the kingdom If thou wilt not observe to do all of Babylon. the words of this law that are written in this book, phat thou mayest fear The King spake, and said, Is not ~his glorious and fearful name, THE this great Babylon, that I have built LORD THY GOD: for the house of the kingdom by the might of my power, and for the Then the Lord will send plagues honor of my majesty? on thy seed, even great plagues, and of long continuance, artd sore sick- While the word was in the king's nesses of long continuance. mouth, there fell a voice from heaven, saying, 0 king Nebuchad- 2. MEN FORGET GOD'S LAW. nezzar, to thee it is spoken,' Thy kingdom is departed from thee. Confucius said: "The Great Doc- (Dan. 4: 30 -3 1 ). trine has become hidden," and he sighed. And because of the majesty that God gave him, all people, nations, The Prophet Isaiah of the Bible and languages, trembled and feared said: before him: whom he would he sle'lu; and whom he would he kept alive; Because thou hast forgotten the and 'whom he would he set up" and God of thy salvation, and hast not whom he would he put down. been mindful of the Rock of thy strength, therefore shalt thou plant But when his heart was lifted up, pleasant plants, and shalt set it with and his mind hardened in pride, he strange slips. (Isaiah 17: 10.) was deposed from his kingly throne, and they took his glory from him. 3. CAUSE OF THE WORLD'S WAR. (Daniel 5: I9, 20.) Many kings and people have forgotten God's truth and love and now 5. GOD IS KING OF ALL THE follow selfishness. This brings the wars and world unrest. (Matt. 24: EARTH. 6.) There is no other way for sin, and But the Lord is the true God, he is the living God, and an everlasting

SHIH KAT AND THE BIBLE 12

King; at his wrath the earth shall Now, therefore, 0 Lord, our God, tremble and the nations shall not be I beseech thee, save thou us of his able to abide his indignation. hand, that all the kingdoms of the Thus shall ye say unto them, The earth may Imow that thou art the Gods that have not made the heavens, Lord God, even thou only. (2 Kings and the earth, even they shall perish 19: 15-19.) tram the earth, and from under ~hese And there came a great deliverance heavens. from God.

He hath made the earth by his Therefore thus saith the Lord con- power, he hatfJ, established the world cerning the king of Assyria. He by his wisdom, and hath stretched shall not come into this city, nor out the heavens by his discretion. shoot an aj'row there, nor come be- (Jeremiah 10: 10-12.) fore it with shield, nor cast a bank 6. GOD IS ABLE TO SAVE IN TIME against it.

OF TROUBLE. By the way that he came, by the Behold, God is my salvation; I will same shall he refurn, and shall not trust, and not be afraid: for the come into this city, saith the Lord.

Lord JEHOVAH is my strength and For I will defend this city, to save my song,' he also is become my sal- it, for mine own sake and for my vation. servant David's sake. (2 Kings. 19: Therefore with joy shall ye draw 32 -34.) water out of the wells of salvation. 8. GOD IS ABLE TO GIVE WISDOM (Isaiah 12: 2, 3.) TO A GREAT RULER.

7. FORMER KINGS ASKED Gon. Solomon was the most famous king The ancient king of Judah prayed of ancient Judah. He asked God for when in trouble. wisdom and guidance.

And Hezekiah prayed before the And Solomon said, Thou hast Lord, and said, 0 Lord God of shewed unto thy servant David my Israel, which dwetrest between the father, great mercy, according as he cherubim, thou art the God, even walked before thee in truth, and in thou alone, of all the kingdoms of righteousness, and in uprightness of the earth; thou hast made heaven and heart with thee; and thou hast kept earth. . for him this great kindness, that thou Lord, bow down thine ear, and hast given him a son to sit on his hear: open, Lord, thine eyes, and throne, as it is this day.

see: and hear the words of Senna- And no'W, 0 Lord my God, thou cherib, which hath sent him to re- hast made thy servant King instead proach the living God. of David my father: and I am but Of a truth, Lord, the kings of a little child: I know noV how to go Assyria have destroyed the nations out or come in.

and their lands. A nd thy servant is in the midst of A nd have cast their gods into the thy people thou hast chosen, a great fire: for they were no gods, but the peoplc, that can not be numbered work of men's hands, wood and nor counted for multitlude.

stone: therefore they have destroyed Give therefore thy servant an Ihem. understanding heart to judge thy

people, that I may discern between persun, and upholding all things by good and bad: for who is able to the word of his power, when he had judge this thy so grea~ a people? (I by himself purged our sins, sat down Kings 3: 6-9·) on the right hand. (Hebrews I: 1- His prayer was answered. 3·) A nd God gave Solomon 'Wisdom 11. CHRIST THE SAVIOR DIED AND and understl(lnding exceeding much, and largeness of heart, even as the ROSE AGAIN. sand that is on the sea shore. The story of the Gospel is of Christ And Solomon's wisdom excelled the wisdom of all the children of the Son of God who came to save the east country, and all the wisdom and teach men. He died on the of Egypt. (I King 4: 29,30.) Cross, was buried and rose again, and 9. GOD IS A SPIRIT THE FATHER He is the Hope of the world to-day. OF MEN. Have we not one father? (Malachi But now is Christ risen from the 2: ro.) dead, and become the first fruits of But the hour cometh, and now is, them that slept. when the true worshipers shall worship the Father in spirit and in For since by man came death, by truth: for the Father seeketh such man came also the resurrec~ion of to worship him. the dead. God is a Spirit: and they tha~ worship him must worship him in spirit For as in Adam all die, even so and in truth. (John 4: 23, 24.) in Christ shall all be made alive. 10. How DOES GOD SPEAK TO (I Corinthians, IS: 20-22.) MEN? And inasmuch as if) is appointed God spoke to the ancient prophets unto m£!n once to die, and after this of old. He spoke to Moses, the ser- the judgment; so Christ also, having vant of God. He made known His been once offered to bear the sin's will which we find in the Bible. of man)', shall appear a second time, apart frmn sin, to them that wait for For no prophecy ever came by the him, unto salvation. (Hebrews 9: will of man: but men spake from 27, 28.) God, being moved by the Holy Spirit. (2 Peter I: 21.) 12. JESUS THE MEDIATOR. Jesus thu3 become the one medi- But afterward He sent His Son ator, or "middle man" between God into the world. and man. He shows the true way to God. God, who at sundry times and in F or there is one God, ood one divers manners spake in time past mediator between God and men, the unto the fathers by the prophets. man Christ Jesus; TVho gave himself a ransom for all, to be testified in due H atk in these last days spoken unto time. (I Timothy 2:5, 6.) tlS by his Son, whom he hath ap- 13. THE MEANING OF SACRIFICE. pointed heir of all things, by whom It was the death of Jesus on the also he made the worlds,' cross that became the great Sacri- fice. All others pointed to this. From Who being the brightness of his the earliest times of Yao and Shun, glory, and the express image of ms men have offered the blood of sacri- fice to God for their sins. The blood

SHIH KAI AND THE BIBLE

of oxen and sheep could not save throttghout all the coasts of Judea, men, but they showed to men the and then to the Gentiles, that they need of a Savior. The book of should repent and turn to God, and Hebrews explains how Jesus became do works meet for repentance. (Acts the great Lamb of God, a sacrifice 26: 18-20.) for the sins of the world. These things were preached before But Christ having come, a high kings and they were moved by the priest of the good things to come, truth.

through the greater and more perfect For the King knoweth of these tabernacle, not made with hands-that things, before whom also 1 speak is to say, not of this creation,—-not freely; for 1 am persuaded t'hat none yet through Vhe blood of goats and of these things are hidden from him; calves, but through his own blood, tor this thing was not done in a entered in once for all into the holy corner.

place, having obtained eternal re- King Agrippa, believest thou the demption. (Hebrews 9: II, 12.) prophets? I know that thou believest.

His blood alone can save men from Then Agrippa said unto Paul, Al- sin and give Eternal life. most thou persuadest me to be a 14. THE LIGHT OF THE WORLD. Christian. (Acts 26: 26-28.) Jesus is the world Savior. He is IS. FAITH IS THE POWER OF GOD not for one nation of people, but for TO SALVATION.

all men. He is the light of the The Heavenly Gospel is for all.

world. He comes to the people of Anyone high or low may receive every nation. God's grace. It is only necessary to To open their eyes, and to turn believe in His word, for it is the them from darkness to light, and power of God.

from the power of Satan unto God, For 1 am not ashamed of the that they may receive forgiveness of Gospel of Christ: for it is the power rins, a,nd inheritance among them of God tlnto salvation to everyone which are sanctified by faith in me. that believeth; to the Jew first, and Whereupon, 0 king Agrippa, 1 also to the Greek.

was not disobedient unto the heavenly A letter from the President's Sec- vision. retary reports that the President has But shewed first unto them of read the selections and sends his Damascus, and at Jerusalem, and thanks.

~–~~– -~– CHINESE PROVERBS SELECTED BY THE REV. W. D. HUDSPETH 1. If one does not learn in youth, what fountain-be mindful of the source of your will one do when old? benefits.

2. Do not be afraid of going slowly, 9. Time flies like an arrow, days and but of standing still. months fly like a weaver's shuttle.

3. Regard righteousness as gain. 10. Wealth is as dross, righteousness is 4. Hurried men lack wisdom. worth untold gold. 5. If you do not scale the mountain you can not view the plain. 11. To rise betimes, means full iIIumin- 6. The instructor leads to the door, but ation; to rise too late, means nought but perturbation. aptitude rests with the individual. 7. Man propo~es, Heaven disposes. 12. The door of the law-courts is always 8. When you drink water think of the open, but if one only has right and has no money, one must never enter.

and Priests In Tibet *

BY MR. R. CUNNINGHAM, TAKUTANG, CHINA Missionary of the China Inland Mission { Co";"· "' lBETANS pray and pray (the highest deity in lamaistic philos- ophy) is accessible at all times and in T ~, without c.easing-by day all places. } and by night. They pray eve r y w her e, util- Tachienlu, West China is a city of izing everything mov- temples. There are eight such edifices able and immovable, in in different parts of the city, reprethis one act of devotion. The gentle senting five different sects, the most breeze waves their prayer flags in the popular being the "Ni-ma" or Red sect; air; the mountain stream revolves their the most influential the "Geluba," or Yelcumbersome prayer wheels; the sacred low sect. From early morning till late oil forever keeps alive the voice of pray- at night prayer is offered in some form er. The traveler notes the fact that the in all these temples. Assisting them in Tibetans are a praying people. The their worship they have several different roads, especially the entrance to the vil- kinds of instruments, the most conspiculages, are literally strewn with prayers; ous being the trumpet, drum, bell, and streamers hang from tree to tree and cymbal. Every Tibetan house has its house to house. In gaily different colors own private temple with a number of they flutter across the rivers. Bridges private lamas. Thus from palace, home, are literally pasted with paper prayers. and temple the voice of prayer is never Rock and cliffs are carved and chiselled silent. with the sacred inscription, "Om mani pad-me hum" ("0 Jewel in the lotus"). The priestly population may be divided One never passes a caravan without into three classeS'. First, the lama or hearing some Tibetans in it mumbling ordained priest, who has made the long their prayers. journey to Lhasa and there received The Tibetan needs no muezzin to call ordination from the Dalai Lama or some the hour of prayer; dawn finds him well other high dignitary. Second, the through the first act of devotion. If "draba," or unordained priest, who hopes the alacrity of his prayers proves any- some day to visit Lhasa; and third, the thing, it proves his willingness at least "ameho," or private lama, who has to pray. Leisurely he can utter 400 neither desire nor ambition of ever seewords a minute. Nothing but the eating ing the sacred city. Another may be of food will keep' a Tibetan from pray- added, namely, the "chang-cha-ba." This ing. No matter how stormy the elements latter is seldom met, tho there are one or may be, he still goes on repeating the two in Tachienlu. They have accumuwell-worn phrase, "Om mani pad-me lated unlimited merit and have made hum." Traveling across a grassy plateau heaven with all its joys and happiness an or over a high snow-bound pass he would absolute certainty. much rather pray than indulge in coarse banter. Every Tibetan prays and prays The lama, or ordained priest, is a repersonally; he does not leave his spiritual spectable, wealthy, well-fed, well-clad welfare in the hands of the lamas person. He spends his life almost wholly (priests). He believes that Kun-cho in the temple, accepting engagements only from the very wealthy Tibetan families. Having visited Lhasa and • From West China Missionar;,l N~w•• . been received by the Dalai Lama, or hired to carry them and to produce even "Panchen-im-bo-che," his prayers are the faintest sound requires no small more efficacious, a fact very evident from amount of breath. A number of drabas the price he charges for reading them. reading their sacred books gives added interest to the procession. But the most For one day's service he receives the conspicuous part is the carrying of the sum of one rupee (33 cents), not in- clay figures by a number of dirty, ragged clusive of food and wine. To many beggars. The dress and demeanor of wealthy families he acts as family priest, these beggars make them unable to ap- family physician, and family advisor. If preciate the religious significance of the he has great influence in a home, noth- occasion and therefore deprive it of ing is done without his permission or much of its solemnity. They are paid sanction. to carry the clay figures and other im- pedimenta of the procession, the re- When the King of Chala was in ligious interest of which is no concern trouble a number of wealthy lamas were of theirs. invited to his palace to read prayers. After the usual divining and casting of On arrival outside the North Gate the lots, it was divined that the cause of his priests form a semicircle, in the center impending calamity was due to the fact of which they place the clay figures. that many evil spirits had taken up their After some more blowing of trumpets, abode in his palace. To avert the ca- beating of gongs, and reading of prayers, lamity, the evil spirits must be removed a lama lifts the clay figures above his in the following manner : For ten days head, pronounces the doom of the evil there assembled in the large open court- spirit, then dashes them to the ground. yard of the palace a large number of A number of smalI boys, who miss the lamas, drabas, and amchos. In the cen- sacredness of the performance, rush in ter of this large assemblage were placed and pick up the head-gear and dress of anumber of small clay figures into which the figures, scrambling for the most they hoped to induce the evil spirits to coveted partS', while the priests rend the enter. To this end a number of ap- air with their guns, gongs, and trumpets. petizing dainties were placed in front This religious procession is' known in of them. At a given sign from the Chinese as song kuei, i.e., escorting the diviner a number of guns were fired, in- evil spirits. dicating that the evil spirits had taken up their abode in the figures. The as- The draba is a lesser Buddhist light semblage then formed into a long pro- than the lama, Not having made the cession and marched outside the North pilgrimage to Lhasa, he has not the Gate. power and influence Df his superior in the religious order. His services, none This religious procession is one of the the less, are very much in demand. As most interesting and truly grotesque the draba gives his humble services for sights to be seen anywhere in Tibet. the modest sum of 100 cash (six cents) The procession is over two hundred per day, he is therefore much in demand yards long and marches the whole length among poorer classes of people. Who-' of the city. The most important per- ever invites him to read prayers, feeds sons in it are several mounted lamas, him; his 100 cash he spends in wine. drest in their long monastic robes. For his night's shelter he trusts to some FolIowing the lamas are a large number friendly poor who may be in his debt for of drabas, playing various instruments prayers read but unpaid for. The draba and producing alI kinds of sounds. Two is an easy-going, good-natur~d t,,,,iul;:. priests blow tremendous trumpets ten whom nothing disturL~ aud nothiul;: per- feet long, a number of coolies being

1Jb tHE MISSIONARY REV1EW OF THE WORLD (F'ebruary

plcxes. His life motto seems' to be: flat on his body and while thus pros- "Sufficient unto the day is the evil there- trate makes a mark on the ground with of." Like every other Tibetan, his dress is his hand. He then rises, takes three quite protean and therefore very service- steps to this mark and then prostrates able. It is his wearing apparel by day, himself again. This he does every step his priestly garment when reading pray- of the way between his home and Lhasa, ers, and his bedding by night. taking three years to make the journey. To accomplish such a feat, great physical The amcho is the lowest order in the endurance is necessary. Three reasons Buddhist rank. In Tachienlu, at least, he are given for such an extraordinary pilis a most disreputable and irreformable grimage. First, to atone for some great character. In habits he is lazy and dirty; sin committed in the past; secondly, to in manners insolent and trucculent; in obtain great merit and influence as a appearance shabby and penurious. The lama; and, thirdly, to make the obtainhigh ethical teaching of Buddha, with ing of the Buddhistic heaven, with all its corresponding standard of life and its joys, an absolute certainty. thought, are things unknown to him. He has no wish beyond a single meal, and The difficulties of mission work among no desire above a bowl of wine. The Tibetan lamas are great and many. amcho is an indispensable adjunct in any Lamaism is a domestic religion. Every Tibetan home. He lights the fire; he home has its representative in the lamasweeps the floor; he' feeds the lamp. sery and every lamasery has its repre- When the "a-ya" goes out visiting, he sentative in the home. Should the lama follows her as a personal attendant. His embrace the Christian religion, he is ospeculiar care is the family gods, before tracised not only from his lamasery, whom morning and night he reads family but also from his home. Such an exprayers. He receives no pay, and only perience in a sparsely populated country eats what is set before him. like Tibet is almost inconceivable. To be a Christian and remain in a lamasery The last and perhaps most interesting is impossible. The Roman Catholic reof the Tachienlu lamastic population is ligion, after more than fifty years of a person who receives the appellation of arduou~ mission work on the Tibetan bor- "chang-cha-ba." This devotee to Lama- der, is unable to record the name of one ism performs his pilgrimage to Lhasa in lama converted to the Christian faith. a s'omewhat peculiar manner. He lies GOD CARES! DO WE?

"Forget not that your first and principal business as a disciple of Christ is to give the Gospel to those who have it not. He who is 1Iot a missionary Christian will be a missing Christian when the great day comes of bestowing the rewards of service. Therefore ask yourselves daily what the Lord would have you do in connection with the work of carrying the news of salvation to the perishing millions. Search carefully whether he would have you go yourself to the heathen, if you have the youth and fitness required for the work. Or, if you can not go in person, inquire diligently what blood mortgage there is upon your property in the interest of Foreign Missions, how much you owe to the heathen because of what you owe to Christ for redeeming you with His precious blood. I warn you that it will go hard with you, when your Lord comes to reckon with you, if He finds your wealth hoarding up in needless accumulations instead of being sacredly de- voted to giving the Gospel to the lost."-DR. A. J. GORDON.

DEI>ADTMENT ~r'~> '2ii-~-'-…. ~,,/ ":t.;.. cr~'" OF ,,'" I BEST METHODS I~ BY BELLE M. BRAIN, 38 UNION AVENUE, SCHENECTADY, N. Y.

SOME WAYS OF INCREASING MISSIONARY GIFTS m'I T is' said that at the pres-. a dollar and in order to swell the sum ent time the one thing she went from door to door offering a that hinders the progress popcorn ball and a chance on the chicken of the Kingdom is the for a dime! She realized about $34 and lack of money. This may gave it with joy, little realizing that she be questioned, but it has had operated a lottery that made her liable to arrest. Her church applauded, always been easier to get men to go than and the one woman who protested was declared too strict and out of date. to raise money to s'end them. In recent years, due largely to the More to be deplored, however, than Every Member Canvass of the Layman's Missionary Movement which lays stress the lack of money is the fact that some on systematic and proportionate giving, the methods of raising money have been of it is raised by methods that dishonor lifted to a higher plane in many churches. But there is still room for improvement. God, and that in some instances at least, In every church there should be un- tiring effort to induce people to pay are in violation of the laws of men. It is their tithes and give free-will offerings as God has prospered them. Let the humiliating to find that in New York socials and suppers be for sociability and 110t to raise money for God. State the Civic League is being called Honoring God with Our Substance upon to stop petty gambling in the Does it glorify the Ruler of the Unichurches as a means of raising funds! verse to raise money for carrying on his work by means of bazaars and "Having had numerous complaints rummage sales?

from many sections of the State," says Let us bring the question home to our- selves. Your daughter is about to be The Reform Bulletin, "in regard to de- married and you have set your heart on giving her a silver tea set as a token of nominations of the Protestant faith con- your love. But you can not manage such a costly gift in addition to the other ducting lottery schemes and raffies and expenses of the wedding. Then the bril- liant idea of raising the money by a selling chances on various articles at rummage sale comes to you. You ran- sack your attic and telephone your fairs and carnivals to raise money for church and benevolent purposes, we have been obliged to take up these matters and have them supprest by law. Gambling is gambling no matter where we find it, The Law and Order Department of the New York Civic League will suppress it promptly in either Catholic or Protestant churches when notified in time."

Those who use such methods are probably ignorant of how serious the offense is. But they ought to know better. A few days ago we heard of a woman who decided to give a chicken as a tithe to the Lord. It was worth about

friends. They come nobly to the rescue 450: $1,708. 450: $92. with articles they don't want because they love you and they love the girl. Here was an average of 21 cents instead You engage a stand in a vacant store, of $3.S0 for each woman. hold a most successful sale and buy the present. Why should a group of women in one church give $1,708 to foreign missions Do you not think that every time she and a like group in similar circumstances pours tea from the pot, your daughter in a similar church give $92? will love to reflect on the number of her friends' old clothes that were sacri- Several answers might properly be ficed to buy it? given to this query.

You would not do such a thing? Then Perhaps the church of easy-going are you willing to put God and His work mi5'sionary manners may have had poor on a lower plane than your own loved training in past years and so lost-or ones?-(Condensed from an article by never found-the habit of treating mis- Mary Grattan Stephenson in The Mis- sions generously ! Very likely other insionary Survey.) terests, such as Home and City Mis- sions, called forth a more loyal re- AN ERRATIC PROPORTION sponse. I hope so.

MARY LOUISE DANIELS, WELLESLEY, MASS. But the Up-and-Doing women looked President of the Woman's Board of Missions, Con· out for those interests too, having caught a vision of the Great Task in its round- gregational Church ness.

About three years ago I discovered in Leaders lacking enthusiasm? Dull the Up-and-Doing Church a pleasing programs at monthly meetings? It proportion between the women members might have been. and their gift to foreign missions, viz.: My own solution is this: Number of women, 450. Poor business methods had left the Annual gift to their Board, $1,70S. field largely uncultivated. Average gift from each woman, $3.S0. The financial success of a missionary Of course some members were unsym- organization is no sentimental problem pathetic or absent, and some non-mem- dependent upon some occult laws quite bers were sympathetic and generous, but different from those governing that dethiS" condition prevails everywhere. partment store or. banking house in t?e On the whole it seemed fair to use next block. It is a problem, on tts this proportion for purposes of compari- human s.ide, like theirs-a problem of son when, later on, I discovered the right approach to individuals that they Easy-Going Church. may be drawn into certain well-defined They were so suggestively alike, those relations with the object of their entertwo, in their attractive buildings, each prise. The same direct, sagacious, favorably located in a city; in their adaptable, persistent methods apply. membership, which included families of The easy-going treasurer who simply wealth and position; in their various waits to receive "dues" is' sadly out of activitieS". And, strange to say, their date. The exigences and possibilities of count of women members was practically the missionary opportunity to-day call identical! for a local treasurer who knows her Then I applied my little rule obtained Board and its needs; as well also her in the Up-and-Doing Church: own church field with its lights and shadows. 450 women: $1,708. 450 women: What! She joins efficiently with other officers in forming a definite policy for a thor- It did not fit. The proportion dwindled ough annual canvass of all the women erratically.

OF BEST METHODS

in the parish that they may be won to great deal was thrown in and with a cooperation. She studies to be tactful great deal of cheerfulness; they all re- and vivid, and chooses assistants who joiced. An invention to please people's will enter into the spirit of her task. humor may sometimes bring them to their duty. Wisdom is herein profitable I have noted this year a swelling of to direct." the fourth figure in the proportion and I wonder-I wonder what has done it. There is, no doubt, some truth in Matthew Henry's contention. New Was it an up-and-doing business methods often bring success where old policy? Did they discover in the Easy- ones fail. Nevertheless we believe that Going Church that the Every Woman the chief reason why the plan succeeded Campaign is a wonderful regulator of was that the people were not taxed but erratic proportions? cast in their free-will offerings. This is a practical plan that works as well What kind of a giver would my church be, to-day as in the days of Joash. We If every member gave just like me? have tried it more than once and have seen others try it, always with success. JOASH CHESTS A Joash Box in a Sunday-school Class Have you every tried raising money by means of a "Joash Chest?" It is a In a certain church the Woman's Scriptural. method and rarely fails. Bible Class lost its teacher and a New- comer was prevailed upon to take his When Joash was king the Temple at place. The class grew and grew until it was the largest class in the school, and Jerusalem was in need of repairs and he when the cost of the new piano was ordered the priests to collect money from divided among the classes, its apporthe people and prosecute the work with- tionment was $20. out delay. But the money came in slowly and the repairs were not made. It seemed a large sum, but the class Then, at the king's command, "Jehoida agreed to pay it, and began discussing the priest took a chest, and bored a hole ways and means. Fairs, foO( sales, lecin the lid of it, and set it beside the tures, concerts, pay socials-aU were altar, on the right hand as one cometh suggested, for this church believed in into the house of the Lord" (2 Kings raising money in such ways. But the 12: 9). Newcomer did not and longed to lead them into better things. She suggested The new plan succeeded at once. a "Joash Box," but no one had ever These gifts were to be over and above heard of such a thing. She told the the regular offerings for the Temple story as given in 2 Kings, and at last service, yet the money poured in. There they consented to try it. But they eviwas soon enough and to spare. Not only dently did not expect it to succeed and was the temple repaired, its furnishings the officers of the school were dubious were replenished also. about it.

Matthew Henry suggests that the new The next Sunday a little box was plan succeeded because of its novelty. brought to the class with a slit in the lid and the members were invited to put "When Joash found that the money did into it from Sunday to Sunday what- ever they wished to give to the fund. not come in as he expected one way, he The Sunday following one of the memtried another," he says, "and that an- bers brought a beautiful Japanese trickswered the intention. The throwing of box and asked if it could be used inmoney into a chest, through a hole in the lid of it, was a way that had not been used before, and perhaps the very novelty of the thing made it a successful expedient for the raising of money j a

stead of the plain little box. It had a needed, will be forthcoming when God slit in the top and no one could open it is depended upon to supply them. but her son-in-law. So the money was transferred to it and so much interest More than one mission board has filled was aroused that the Newcomer thanked its empty treasuries through prayer, but God and took courage. Every Sunday not all missionary workers realize that in the opening prayer she asked God to this is a method that works as well in send them the required sum, but no one small organizations as in large ones. If was' urged to give a penny. any society wants more money for mis- sions. they may have it for the asking. When at last the day came for pay- But they must meet the conditions and ing the assessments, the officers of the pay the price of prayer. school were invited to witness the opening of the box and count the money. Some years ago a Young People's The Young Man Who Knew How came, Missionary Society in Ohio undertook to too, and it was an exciting moment when assist one of their members to prepare he released a spring, pulled out a secret himself for medical missionary work. drawer and poured the contents into a The sum required was about $1,100, paybasket. There were s'everal doIlar bills, able during three years. coins of all denominations, and one tendollar gold piece. The whole amounted It was a large sum for them to raise to $33.34, $13.34 more than had been in addition to their regular contribution. asked for! The class could hardly be- But they were rich in faith and decided lieve it, and the officers were amazed, to raise it through prayer. A'little paper but the Newcomer simply said, HI told was issued monthly containing general you how it would be," and asked the missionary information and stating the superintendent to lead in a prayer of needs of the special fund with a list of thanksgiving. the subscriptions made during the month.

The gold piece was a great surprize. No appeals' for funds were made, nor Who could have given it? Popular were they needed. Whenever a payopinion gave the credit to the best-drest ment was due, if there was not enough woman in the class. But the Newcomer in the treasury to meet it, the little inner (tho n0 one else) knew that it came prayer circle of the society met with the from a modestly drest young woman president and asked God to supply it. who, like herself, did not believe in fairs Not once did He fail them. The amount and festivals, and gave so quietly that needed (and often more) always came no one guessed how much she was in in time, sometimes from the most unthe habit of giving. usual and unexpected sources. It was a great experience for the young people, ' There are always such surprizes in and their faith was greatly strengthened. store for those who trust God in raising money. He is "able to do exceeding SPELLING MISSIONS abundantly above all that we ask or think." What does m-i-s-s-i-o-n-s spell in your church? RAISING MONEY THROUGH PRAYER In many a church it speIJs money, for The great enterprises that have been the people never hear anything about conducted entirely along faith lines, such the work save in connection with the as the China Inland Mission and the contribution-box. Muller Orphanages' at Bristol, England, show that the necessary funds for Chris- This is a serious mistake, The finantian work, even when vast sums are cial side should never be pushed until the foundations of a deep and abiding interest have been laid.

OF BEST METHODS

THE TALENT PLAN advanced, individually or jointly, by members who wish to render this ser- REV. EGBERT W. SMITH, NASHVILLE, TENN. vice.

Secretary of the Executive Committee of Foreign Why? Missions, Southern Presbyterian Church 1. It is a thoroughly scriptural plan. 2. It solicits no money, imposes no In 1913 the Southern Presbyterian extra canvass or subscription, and inter- Church paid off a large Foreign Mis- feres with no regular contributions. sion debt. One of the most effective 3. Instead of sol iciting, it offers a talmethods employed for this purpose, a ent for Christian service "to everyone" method approved by the Assembly's (Matt. 25 :15), enabling the poorest to Executive Committee of Foreign Mis- join in work for Christ on equal terms sions, and widely used throughout the with others. Church, was the Talent Plan. Scores of 4. It is an object-lesson in Christian societies, Sunday-schools and churches stewardship. It says: Just as this talent broke all their previous' contribution is not yours, but is entrusted to you to be records by the use of this plan. used for Christ; so nothing that you have is yours, all is entrusted to you by An ex-moderator of the Assembly and God to be used in His service. pastor of one of our largest city churches wrote: 5, It is pre-eminently suited to that largest class of every ordinary congre- "In the twenty-one years of my pres- gation, the men and women and 'young ent pastorate I have never advocated a people who have little or no ready plan which worked so smoothly and money, but some unemployed time and pleasantly, which brought forth as satis- energy. Furnishing them a little capital factory results, and which I can as con- to start with, it invites them to become fidently and heartily commend as I do successful workers and liberal givers'. the Talent Plan." 6. It is a wonderfully fruitful plan. A few quotations and answers will explain the plan to thOS"e not familiar with For Example it. In the case of the original Talent- users (lVIatt. 25: 14) the increase was Whence? From the illustrative teaching of our n 87 per cent., tho one of the three was a Lord Himself. "And He called ten servants of his, "wicked and slothful servant." and gave them ten pounds, and said unto In the case of the Pound-users (Luke them, Trade ye herewith till I Come." 19: 13), the increase was 500 per cent., Luke 19: 12 (R.V.) tho one of the three was an unprofit- able servant. What? The putting into practise of the Par- A pastor borrowed 50 silver dollars ables of the Talents and the Pounds from a bank. Fifty of his members took (Matt. 25:14-30; Luke 19:12-26) by dis- one each to invest and trade with for tributing sums of money among as many Christ. At the Report Meeting four as will accept them, to invest, trade with, months later $600 was brought in, out and increase, for Christ. of which the pastor paid back the loan Dollars are suggested as suitable tal- plus one dollar interest, leaving $549 ents for the congregation, quarters for net gain, an elevenfold increase. the Sunday-school, and dollars, halves, or quarters, as preferred, for the church- A Sunday-school superintendent ofsocieties. fered five-cent pieces (quarters would have been much better) to his pupils to How? increase for Christ. At the Round Up The talents for distribution may be Rally a few months later 116 pieces came borrowed from bank at regular interest by some responsible person, or may be

back with $109.37 in addition, an eigh- A Mission Farm given by a member teen fold increase. who had gone to the field.

A class of girls, starting with 25 cents A Missionary Ship to carry their mis- of talent money, in six weeks made sionaries to Africa. $13.00, a fifty-twofold increase. In Africa- A good lady invested her one dollar 40,000 acres of land entirely paid for. talent in calico, made aprons, and re- 8 Mission Stations equipped with turned her talent increased tenfold. workshops and dwelling houses. 100 of their members at work as mis- Another, seventy years old, invested sionaries or colonists. her dollar in bulbs, nursed them into 45 converts won from South African flowering plants, and returned her talent tribes. increased fifteenfold. These extensive operations had called for lots of money and neither pastor A youthful member invested his much nor people were rich in anything but smaller talent in a board of rich pine, faith. They gave without stint, some made it into bundles of fagots, rein- casting in literally all that they had. vested, "was diligent in business," and Yet they could not give more than a frac- returned his talent increased 260-fold. tion of the whole. But God, who was manifestly directing the enterprise, sent The field for consecrated enterprise it in answer to prayer. Pastor Harms and ingenuity is boundless. disliked beggars, religious and other- wise, and from the first determined that REFLEX BLESSING IN GIVING no one save God should be appealed to Nowhere in missionary history, per- for money; The needs of the enterprise haps, is the reflex influence of giving to were not even published, yet money mISSIOns so strongly shown as in the poured in from all parts of the world story of Pastor Harms of Hermanns- at the right time and in the right meas" burg.* ttre. In 1849, shortly after he succeeded The financial record of the mission has his father as pastor. at Hermannsburg, been called a "spiritual study in statis· about 50 miles from Hamburg, a great tics." The expenses varied from year revival broke out in the parish and as to year; so did the income in almost an outlet for the spirit of self-sacrifice exact proportion. In one year Africa and devotion that had been kindled, he needed 7,000 crowns, in another 21,000. urged his people to undertake a mission The ship cost 19,000 crowns in one year, to the heathen. So marvelously was the printing-house 3,600 in another. Yet this undertaking blest that eleven years each year closed with a balance. At no later this one congregation of German time was there a deficit. The following yeomen and peasants was able to report table shows, how closely the supply tallied the following items as the result of their with the need. activities: In the Homeland- Year Income E.<rpendlture Balance A Mission House occupied by 45 of crowns crowns crowns their members preparing for missionary work. 1854 15,000 14,950 50 A Refuge Farm for ex-convicts with 20 occupants. 1855 9,722 9,642"" 80 A Printing-house equipped with presses. 1856 14,978 14,878 100 A Miss·ionary Magazine that paid its own way. 1857 14,796 14,781 IS 'See "A Record of Fifty Years: The Story of 1858 31,133 30,993 140 Pastor Ha~s of Hermannsburg," THE M]SSION- ARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD, July, 1899. 1859 33,065 30,432 .2,633 Many a church stands aloof from mis-

OF BEST METHODS

sionary work because of a mistaken idea sions been largely increased and great that giving to missions will empty the interest in missions been developed, but treasury. But in Hermannsburg it the local work of the church has reworked the other way. There was no ceived a great impetus. It all depends lack of money for local work and such on the way it is handled. a blessing was poured out that there was not, literally, enough room to re- Through the courtesy of Mr. J. D. ceive it. The church was so crowded that strangers were obliged to go an Templeton, of Bloomington, III., secrehour before service if they wanted a tary of the Missionary Committee of the seat and during the 17 years of Loui& Illinois State Sunday-school Association, Harms' pastorate there a continuous re- we have received a little folder designed vival, with 10,000 conversions. And after by himself which seems almost ideal for his death the good work went on. At putting a church in touch with its special the jubilee in 1899 it was reported that field and securing gifts and prayers. Mr. the total contributions for the SO years Templeton's church, the Second Presbyamounted to $2,141,657.39. terian, gives on the station plan, i. e., it contributes $1,000 a year toward the THE KEY IN THE POCKET work in the Etah District, India, where the Presbyterian Board alone is at work. Ministers, laymen, yea, and women This amount is raised jointly by the too, often cry aloud in meetings for church, the woman's and young people's prayer, for God to open the windows of societies and the Sunday-school and it heaven and pour out His promised bles- was believed that much more could be sings until there will not be room done if the specific needs of the district enough to receive them. Yet all the were set definitely before the people. Ac- while they have in their pockets the cordingly, early in 1914, a list was pre- only key that can open the windows- pared with the assistance of Mr. and the tithe of their incomes-and they Mrs. A. G. McGaw, missionaries at Etah, refuse to use it. Read Malachi 3: 10. who were at home on furlough. -Mrs. Mary Clokey Porter.

SPECIFIC GIVING Then the little six-page folder was Paying the salary of a missionary or printed and widely distributed. It is a taking a share in a station has increased model of conciseness. Tho only 6 by the giving in many churches. But it 10 inches, it contains two mapsl a group is not a patent contrivance that runs it- picture of Mr. and Mrs. McGaw and self without effort. We know person- their children, the list of things needed ally of two churches, widely separated and much interesting information about as to locality where it has proved a the district and its missionary equiphindrance instead of a help. The spe- ment. The smaller map with its squares cific work undertaken was almost never and dots and circles is an inspiration in mentioned in the pulpit even in prayer itself. and no systematic effort was made to secure the necessary funds. Each year The two squares represent the Misthere was a deficit made up by the few who were interested. In both churches the plan w:s regarded as a dismal failure and it certainly seemed to be. But in countless churches all over the country it has worked the other way. Not only have the contributions for mis-

sion's Stations; the ten circles the vil- The list of needs is suited to all purses. lages where Indian preachers are lo- It ranges all the way from a girls' school cated; the six hundred dots the villages building at $1,000 and an automobile at in which there are Christians. In fifty $650 to 20 native drums for the n·ative of these there are Indian teachers but churches in only four. There are also teachers at 75 cents apiece. There are nine hundred villages not shown on the map which have neither churches, also things such as picture cards and preachers, teachers, nor Christians. remnants of bright cloth that cost noth- ing but the small amount of postage necessary to send them.

Your Monument-What Shall It Be?

A Lonely Shaft of Stone A Working, Growing, Soul-saving Proclaiming that or Institution You are DEAD MEMORIAL BIBLE SCHOOL IN KOREA "To live in hearts we leave behind Is not to DIE." -Adapted from The Missionary Survey.

WHAT ONE DAY'S INCOME WILL DO $1 will support a hospital bed in China or India for a week. $2 will support a hospital bed in Alaska or Syria for a week. $3 will support two boys or girls for a week in a mission boarding-school. $10 will support a native worker for a month in the mission field. $25 will pay a month's salary of two ordained native pastors in China or Korea or India. $50 will pay for a Bible woman for a year or will support a mission launch for a month. $75 will pay the running expenses of a mission day-school for a year. $100 will support a missionary for a month or will pay for the training of a native Christian worker for a year. Can you do better with one day's income? BRITISH AND GERMAN MISSIONS printed in reference to German responsi- bility in the Armenian atrocities, their THE position of the MISSIONARY RE- conduct in Belgium and elsewhere. We VIEW OF THE WORLD in reference to the have also been called to account by Britpresent devastating world-war continues ish friends for articles on "The Sufferto be misunderstood by some of our read- ing of German Missions and Missioners-both British and German sympa- aries" in our January number. Most of thizers The REVIEW is an independent the facts in that article came Jrom a missionary magazine concerned wholly source which we have every reason to with the proclamation and interpretation. count as trustworthy. The writer did of the Gospel of Jesus Christ to the not pretend to give a dispassionate and whole world. The editors may have their complete treatment of the charges made private opinions concerning political, so- against British and German forces in cial, and economic conditions and prob- the mission fields or to offer defense in lems, but it is not our purpose to ex- their behalf. He did undertake to show, press these opinions in the REVIEW, or to from statements that he considered invite others to express them, except so trustworthy, the suffering-the inevitable far as they vitally relate to the religious and unavoidable suffering-experienced and spiritual condition of the world and by German missionaries and missions in the progress of Christian missions. British territory. It is a natural result of such a war, but much of this suffering The REYIEW seeks to know and pub- should call forth sympathy and prayer lish facts and to interpret them in their from all Christian people. relation to Christianity. For this reason we think it right and helpful to publish Some of the statements made in Dr. facts relating to the present war, both as Hahn's article have been denied by the they are furnished by British and by British authorities in official correspon- German writers. This enables our read- dence. Other statements have been modiers to hear what each side believes to be fied or interpreted to exonerate the Britthe truth, altho, with the strict censor- ish commanders from accusations of unship enforced by British, German, and necessary harshness. The exact and full Turkish authorities, and the disagree- facts are exceedingly difficult to ascerment in reports, it is difficult at present tain and-during the rule of censorshipto know the truth and to interpret it. agreement as to statements may be im- Many charges have been made to us, possible. For example: The British auboth by friends of the A1!ies and of the thorities deny statements made by Pastor Central Powers, concerning atrocities, Y. Stark and Rev. A. Orthner concerncruelties, and illegal acts, but the REVIEW ing the treatment of German and Ameriis not the place to discuss them. It is, can missionaries in the Cameroons. The however, the place to consider the influ- Acting Governor of the Gold Coast anti ence of the war on Christian missions, the British Maj or-General C. M. Dobell both at home and abroad. both declare the charges of cruel treat- ment to be groundless and the statements Correspondents have recently made very strong objections to statements false or greatly exaggerated, and evi- are adepts in their art and depend on dence is submitted. Some of the hard- their personalities and eloquence rather ships experienced by Germans in Africa than on real facts to make the appeal. and India are declared to be due to their The result is that a native of India, warlike attitude and their complicity in or Persia, or ~ew Zealand or an indemilitary movements against the British. pendent and undependable worker in some mission field will collect thousands It is true that British missionaries have of dollars, while somewhat prosaic but endured much inconvenience and suffer- self-sacrificing and efficient missioning in German possession>, and that Ger- aries are turned away. mans have suffered in British territory. Often those innocent of hostile acts have A case in point has· recently come suffered because of the complicity of to our attention. A correspondent others. Such an experience seems to be wrote to the editor to inquire about a inevitable. At the same time, as stated in woman from India, by the name of our January number, British missionaries Mrs. Bannerjee, who was winning many have been most considerate of their Ger- influential friends by her fascinating man brethern and many have endeavored, personality and pathetic stories conoften at much personal sacrifice, to les- cerning her home for child-widows. sen the hardship due to internment and She was being introduced by some of deportation and the loss resulting to mis- the leading ladies of the land, and was sionary work. being entertained within their homes and churches. Noone seemed to think Let us be as charitable and patient as of investigating her, in spite of the possible, and pray God that His cause absence of credentials. We wrote to may soon triumph. May He make us the mission boards and societies withto recognize the truth and to manifest out definite result, but received from the Spirit of Christ. India letters from the secretary of the Baptist Missionary Society in Cal- I BEWARE OF IMPOSTORS cutta and from a leading barrister in T sometimes seems that it is easier the same city, stating that "Mrs. Ban- for an impostor to get money from nerjee's real name is Hemanto Ghose. American givers than it is to secure She is not a child-widow and many money for worthy objects. The cause of her stories are fables . . . she is is not far to seek. Many American thoroughly dishonest and more than givers are generous-hearted, and are that she is a practised thief … she strongly appealed to by pathetic tales of has no 'home' for widows or for any suffering or by stirring accounts of one. Mrs. B– left the Nazarene spiritual awakenings. These givers are Mission in April, 1914, after an inquiry exceedingly busy and have not the held by Rev. H. Reynolds, the secretary. time for personal investigations nor The charge against her was adultery the knowledge of reliable sources of . . . the charge was proved and she information. The impostors who stir left . . . Please make any use of this their interest are not limited to truth letter you like. I am not afraid of a in the pictures they draw and the suit for libel, as all this has been made stories they tell, therefore, they can public." draw on their imaginations to an unlimited extent in order to make the Haec tabula docet. desired impression. The story-tellers

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AflY S CHINA Kansu-stated in order of their need- are largely unoccupied, and offer exten- City Evangelization in China sive spheres for missions wishing to un- dertake work in a new field in China. THE Presbyterian Board is proposing Smaller unoccupied and unevangelized to put into effect a city evangeliza- areas are found in the southwest of Hupeh; in the northeast, northwest, and tion plan in the province of Shantung, southeast of Kiangsi; in portions of Anby which a well qualified Chinese with hwei; in the west of Honan; in northern Shensi; and among the tribes in the exa couple of suitable helpers is to be treme west and southwest of Szechwan.

placed in entire charge of the work in In the outlying territories: Mongolia is a difficult field. A few missionaries each city chosen. One of the native are working among the Chinese immi- grants, and two or three men are devotpastors comments as follows on the ad- ing themselves to the Mongols, but with the exception of the one representative vantages of the plan: • of the British and Foreign Bible Society, the entire region of Outer Mongolia and "Since the evangelist goes around the the greater part of Inner Mongolia are without missionaries. country having no fixt station, he can Chinese Turkestan also presents exnot live together with the people, and can ceptional difficulties, and demands on the part of workers-special physique and not 'shine' before them. By and by the ltnguistic gifts. The territory is vast and the popUlation sparse. Only three cenordinary people come to think that Chris- ters are occupied, and two of these are in the extreme west. The province of tianity is a special occupation. Since Sinkiang has only one missionary. Five or six missions have for years been they have grown up as farmers or car- working both on the Indian and on the Chinese frontiers, waiting for the openpenters, they are ,not willing to change ing of Tibet.

and become Christians. When a well- M The New Peking educated man sees· an evangelist he feels ANY formS' of civic betterment have toward him much the same as he would been promoted in Peking within the toward a Buddhist priest. The best way past few years. A decade ago there were of preaching that can be used at present, not more than two miles of macadamized is to have a fixt station in a city or big road in all the city. To-day there are town, in which the evangelist lives with a great many miles of macadam streets the people for several years, helping the both broad and narrow. Then the ironpeople in the country around, with every tire9 'ricksha was the chief means of possible means such as teaching the common people, curing the sick, and helping them in other ways."

Unoc:c:upied Territory in China IN the absence of a scientific survey of the whole of China, it is not pos- sible to give exact information as to the occupation of the entire field. While coast cities and districts easily accessible by river or rail, are for the most part occupied, the same can not be said of the less accessible regions. The provinces of Yunnan, Kwangsi, Kweichow, and

conveyance. The old-time Peking cart Blessing of Unbound Feet shook the rider almost out of his senses. Now the rubber-tired 'ricksha and the A GIRL in a mission school in China automobile are everywhere used. Rail- when she came in the fall, made the ways have been crowding into the city journey of 60 English miles on foot these past ten years. rather than let her father, who is poor, hire a wheelbarrow for her. She told In addition to all this, the gospel of her father that owing to God's goodness cleanliness' is being practised to a most her feet had never been bound, and con-, gratifying degree. A decade ago the sequently she was quite able to walk.- capital was almost too filthy to be Missions. described. Faithful Christians in Hain~;;' ~~ Recently the government has opened a new isolation hospital with five public TWO years ago in a village in Haiand several private wards. This makes nan there was not a Christian; now it possible to care for five different con- everyone in the village is a believer in tagious diseases at a time. Christ. They built their church with their own hands out of the material A Chinese Chriatian Diplomat found on the mountain side. The sides of the chapel are made of bamboo poles ANOTHER of the Chinese men in dip- covered with red clay. The roof is made lomatic service who are earnest Chris- of bamboo poles covered with fan palms. tians, is the First Secretary of the Chin- The inside walls are covered with Bible ese Legation in London, Mr. Y. S. Tsao. pictures and Scripture texts. The chapel In speaking at the annual meeting of the is filled every night with faithful follow- British and Foreign Bible Society, he ers of Christ. It is not an easy thing said: "I read the Bible for the first time to be a worshiper of the True God in at my mother's knee. Then twenty-two Hainan, for the Christians are scolded times at St. John's College, Shanghai, and reviled by their relatives and fellowand later in America with the Chinese villagers; all sorts of fiLthy abuse is heapstudents there."- Record of Christian ed upon them, they are frequently robbed Work. of their crops and often threatened with being driven out of the village. The Shanghai Press and the War In one of the schools is a Christian THE Shanghai Mission Press reports woman, who has been brutally treated by that its output of literature for the her husband. She has a little boy six year has fallen off considerably, due to years of age, who at Chinese New Year, the war, which has raised the price of when his father forced him to his knees paper. Supplies from Scandinavia were to worship the ancestors, refused, whereheld up for many months,' while other upon his father struck him in the face paper ordered more than a year before making it black and blue. did not get through at all. The mission press has felt its greatest loss in Scrip- Much prayer has been offered for the ture printing, issuing only 11,706,000 persecuted Christians, and thus far all pages, as against 54,530,000 of the pre- have stood firm. ceding year. Among Chinese Moslems Work comes to the Shanghai Press from Chile to Siam, varying from new 'THE death of William W. Borden, characters for an aboriginal tribe to complicated medical and educational called the attention of the Christians books which require the judgment of an of America to the need of the Mohamexperienced foreigner. medan popUlation of China, for whom little has been done. Mr. F. H. Rhodes, of Chefoo, now reports in China's Mil-

16 ] WORLD-WIDE MISSIONARY 'NEWS

liolls certain signs of progress among Japan was the second or third country these people. to inaugurate a regular student Chris- "Requests from individual Moslems, tian conference, but has not had a per- asking for Christian literature, have manent meeting place. Now, however, come to hand from six provinces. The every traveler who rides in the express writers are personally unknown, their from Tokyo to Kyoto will notice, a mile correspondence is of recent date, and and a half from Gotemba station, two their appeal is heart-searching. structures which will become "the Japa- "Chinese converts from Islam are wit- nese Northfield." The buildings are lo- nessing to Christ among their own peo- cated on three acres of land near a pond ple. We know of at least six such na- 1,600 feet above the sea in one of the tive workers. One of these men-whose most accessible yet picturesque spots in ancestry for several generations were the Empire. The total outlay to date is well-known Mohammedans-himself at 12,400 Yen ($6,200) of which the citi- one time a student for the position of zens of Califo.rnia have given over one- mullah, spent some time last summer third. Conference buildings were used in visiting neighboring Mohammedan for the first time last summer and one centers and gaining access to several of the striking features of the assembly mosques. The Christian books and tracts was the attendance of seven delegates he carried with him were gladly received, from Korea, their first participation and the assembled mullahs and students since the Korean Movement became af- heard the word of Christ. filiated with the National Movement of "The Chinese ChU1:ch needs a baptism Japan.-The Student World.

of love to prepare it for the great work Phenomenal Christian Growth waiting among the Mohammedans." TRE average percentage of growth JAPAN-KOREA of membership in Korean Christian A Imperial Honors for Christians churches has been 38 per cent. for each T the recent Coronation of the Em- of the past thirteen years. In America peror of Japan, among other honors the growth has been less than 5 per conferred, decorations were given to cent. The reason is not far to find.

several prominent Christians, whose To the Korean the Gospel of Good work was so conspicuously of a religious News means everything. It has broken and Christian character that the honors the bondage of superstition, custom are, in effect, a recognition of its value. and tradition, and has brought him into Among these were the Rev. Dr. Motoda, a place where his outlook upon the headmaster of St. Paul's College, Tokyo, future is made glad and bright. In view and Miss Ume Tsuda, a devoted Chris- of this new joy there has grown up in tian who ,conducts a fine school for his heart a compelling impulse to tell girls which has a strong influence in others of it, and through personal work aiding the Christianizing of Japan. new Christians are born into the king- This is the first instance in the history dom of God.

of the Empire where such recognition DR. Education in Chosen has been given from the throne. JOKICRI T AKAMINE, direc- tor of a Japanese publicity bureau . The Japanese Northfield HEREAFTER, Mount Fuji, the in New York, explains that Japan's de- Shinto goddess, will look down up- termination to suppress religious schools on something' new and strange'-the in Korea is simply part of a plan to "co- buildings' for a Christian conference ordinate the school system of Chosen nestling in the hills at her very base. with the prevailing system in Japan

proper. Carl Crow, a journalist who Jiever was heard to say to another: "I has traveled in the Orient, publishes a re- bought one of those Gospels and read joinder to show that in "Japan proper" it and I tell you that man Jesus was a the public school system leaves undis- rare gentleman."

turbed room for mission schools teach- One of the theological students, when ing Christianity. If the Chosen system asked how he came to believe, replied: were developed on a corresponding "I was a drunken goldminer in a marketbasis, there would be no need to inter- place 30 miles from here and saw a man fere with missionary education there. distributing leaflets. I was ashamed to Mr. Crow says: "The Japanese have not go up and ask for one, so I slipt in yet established in Korea a school for behind the crowd, stuck my hand out Koreans which is equal to a good high under another man's arm and took one.

school in America. There are many It was on Judgment in this Life and to of these schools maintained by American Come.

missions, and they see each year an in- "When I reached home I read it to crease in attendance." . my wife and she said: 'That's good, read A Convention for the BUnd and Deaf it again.' At the bottom of the leaflet it said: 'If you want to know more I N Pyeng Yang, a few months ago, about this go to Chung J u, see the mis- there was held the first meeting .in the sionaries and buy some books.' I came Orient in the interest of education for here, bought tracts, took them home, the blind and deaf of the Far East. studied, thought and repented till I saw Delegates were present from China, the light and found peace." Japan, Manchuria, and different parts of Korea. Special tributes were paid Moody's Sermon in a Korean Prison by the Japanese officials to the work for the blind which Dr. Sherwood Hall, A SERMON by D. L. Moody transthe American woman physician, has car- lated into Chinese characters, ried on in Pyeng Yang since 1894. Mr. brought light to a Korean official in Yamagata, editor of the Seoul Press, in- prison. Dr. James S. Gale writes: "My terpreted the significance of the gather- friend Kim, who waS" chief of police ing in the following words: in Seoul, came to call, and I lent him a New Testament, which he returned in "When nations are at war with each a few days, saying, 'It's good. Walking other in civilized Europe, is it not provi- on the water and such like I don't bedential that this convention, with phil- lieve in, but the moral tone of it is anthropic purposes, should have been, certainly good.' This was in 1899. as it was, convened in this far-off corner Later I heard that he had fallen under of the world? It seems that the angel suspicion as a reformer, been arrested of love and civilization has bidden good- and locked up in prison. by to Europe for a while, and come to Chosen (Korea) to bless the blind and "In 1903 there came to me from Kim the deaf of the Far East I" a little closely packed Korean letter, hardly bigger than a thimble, which S Fruits of Colportage Work said 'I have found what you told me IX colporteurs at work in the Chung of years ago, thank God.' Later, at J u district, Korea, are selling Gos- the opening of the Japan-Russia War pels at the tate of 1,200 a month, and Kim's prison opened and he and his with the aid of other Christians, are dis- comrades were free. He told me of tributing tens of thousands of leaflets his experience. 'In my agony, not every year. Many incidents prove the knowing what day my turn would be to value of this seed-sowing. One unbe- be beheaded, I read the New Testament

WORLD-WIDE MISSIONARY NEWS

through four times, but found 110 relief. compound in Bombay and which the Finally, one night, as I was reading a Diocesan Association has generously sermon by Mr. Moody, printed in assisted with funds. The Bishop says: Chinese, a great light and joy broke in "Since November, 1913, 25 persons upon me. My heart sang while my (23 high-caste Hindus and two Mohameyes overflowed with tears. God had medans) inmates of the home, have forgiven and accepted me, and my soul been baptized. There have been some had found rest.''' mistakes and (at least temporary) fail- ures. Ten of the baptized were Brah- INDIA mans, and all those have remained firm. Four of them insist on becoming Influence of Outcaste Christiana evangelists to their own countrymen. Some of the converts are old pupils of THAT Christianity has been accepted the Robert Money school, the great by the Indian outcastes in such large high-school for boys in Bombay." numbers has seemed to some a serious obstacle to its spread among the upper D German Missionaries in India castes, who have sometimes referred to R. WARDLAW THOMPSON, it scornfully as "the sweepers' reli- Secretary of the London Mis'siongion." On the other hand the trans- ary Society, clearly shows that many forming power of the Gospel in the German missionaries under British rule lives of these degraded people has in India are living in strict loyalty to proved a striking argument which the British Government, and are enthoughtful Indians have not been able couraging their people to do likewise. to resist. Rev. A. W. Moore reports "Such intelligence," says the London an instance of this: Christian, "may well serve to soften the asperity of many people toward "A young man of the KoIi caste their fellow-workers for God. In time walked miles to the missionary to ask of war the tendency is to be unjust tofor baptism. He was put through a ward the enemy, and to blacken all rigorous questioning as to his motives, without discrimination. Such a policy and he seemed to have no improper is very small, and it tends to defeat ones. 'Where did you hear of Christ?' itself. The German missionaries have he was asked. 'From the bhangis accomplished great things, and when (sweepers) of my village,' was the the war is over they will again do simple answer. He was baptized. great good. The work of healing the awful wounds made by the war will "We believe that the quickest way to fall largely to the Christian Church. evangelize the whole of India is to It is necessary, therefore, that even concentrate our efforts upon these now the preparation should begin, and people given to God, who have taken it will be best begun by the encouragethe name of Christ. Through them it ment of the spirit of Christian love. will spread in a natural way to others. There will be plenty of folk, both in It is the genius of Christianity to work England and Germany, who will seek its way from the bottom upward. Pray to nourish the spirit of revenge and much that thes'e people may make rapid bitterness. The Christian people, howprogress in the knowledge of God, and ever, must show a more excellent way; in the obeying of His will." and they can begin by cherishing kind feelings toward their brethren iu I What a Converts' Home Did Christ, many of whom, no more than N a letter dated June 5th to the mem- themselves, desired this awful struggle." bers of the Bombay Diocesan Association, the Bishop of Bombay refers to the Converts' Home which Canon Joshi has established in his house and

S.P.G. Appeals for German Missions gation, and prayer by the church was 'ONE of the most striking illustra- offered for all who were thus giving tions of Christian brotherhood the Sabbath to work. Later in the brought 01,1t by the present war has afternoon the women of the church met been the offer of the British Bishop of in prayer, and in the evening the men Chota Nagpur to do his utmost to held by themselves their prayer meet- carryon the work of the Lutheran ing. Dr. Dunlay has a unique training missionaries, who, by government order class for Christian workers. Some six in August last, were interned or de- men meet with him very early in the ported for the remainder of the war. morning and study the Scriptures two Bishop Montgomery has now appealed or three hours. They are then sent through the Church papers for eight directly with the message they have clergy to go out immediately, his so- learned out to the different houses and ciety, the Society for the Propagation of districts, wherever they have an en- the Gospel, generously offering to pay all trance."-The Continent.

expenses. The need, as he says, is one DR. Hospital Patients Baptized of extreme urgency, but is thought MASON, of Siam, tells of an likely to be only for the duration of the interesting service in the Chieng war. Any who have a knowledge of Mai Hospital, when 13 out of 33 pa- Hindi would, of course, be doubly wel- tients were baptized and received into come. A Mission Field editorial note the church. They received instructions points out that the missionaries to be daily from the evangelist employed at sent by the Society for the Propagation the hospital. A paralyzed patient who of the Gospel will be entirely under the has been a Christian for many years, control of the bishop of the diocese, has also led many to Christ and teaches who will be responsible for the atti- the patients to read, write, sing, and tude and policy which they will adopt pray. He has been unable to rise from toward the Indian Christians belonging his bed for 18 months. But his good to the German missions. work goes on just the same. At this SIAM AND THE LAOS service 63 persons were present, some A Christian Sabbath in Siam carried on stretchers, some limping in, and one on all fours. MISS EDNA COLE, of Bangkok, MOSLEMS IN ASIA gives the following account of the activities of one Sunday in Tap Teang Under Arrest in Turkish Arabia station, Siam: "Sunday we spent nearly ON the declaration of war, Dr. F.

three hours in a little palm-leaf church, Johnson, Church Missionary So- with its earthen floor and uncomfort- ciety missionary at Baghdad, was im- able benches, listening to one quarter's prisoned in a Turkish jail, and sub- review of the Sunday-school lessons sequently he and Mrs. Johnson, another conducted by men who had not been lady missionary, and two Indians, Brit- Christians many years. The whole ish subjects, were conveyed out of the church there is the Sunday-school. country as prisoners'. After numerous Everyone takes part, asks and answers adventures, both painful and humorous, questions. I have never been in a the party reached Beirut, whence Dr.

more satisfactory Sunday-school in any Johnson writes: "For six hours I was part of the world. Several members kept in the police-station in Beirut, but of the church were away in different finally, through the intervention of the neighborhoods holding Christian serv- American Consul-General, I was per- ices wherever they could get a congre- mitted to go to the hotel, and we finally

WORtD-W!DE MISSIONARY

embarked on an Italian steamer for sian schools. Threats had been made Alexandria. With few exceptions, the that an old statute, practically obsolete, treatment we received at the hands of would be enforced against the schools' the Turkish officials during our journey rule of compulsory attendance at was not discreditable to them, con- chapel and Bible study, and further sidering the times through which the threats were made that the government Empire is passing." might compel all teaching to be con- ducted in the Turkish tongue. These With the Troops in Mesopotami~ two restrictions, the missionaries re[ll- ized, would practically stop the work at REV. LEONARD A. DIXON, a Beirut. Through Mr. Morgenthau's in- Canadian, who has for several years fluence, the Turkish government per- mitted American schools to open under been connected with the Y. M. C. A. in certain conditions. In spite of these con- cessions, however, further difficulties India, is now engaged in work for the are feared. Whether or not newer and more strenuous demands may be made by British troops in Mesopotamia. He Turkey at any moment can not now be forecasted. The Presbyterian Board writes: "The terrific heat, the desert feels that if it can hold its mission prop- erty in Syria and elsewhere throughout marches, the swamp fighting, and the the Turkish empire, in spite of govern- mental aggressions, it will be doing difficulties of transport, which make well.

short rations occasionally unavoidable, Turkish Educational Laws Modified have been some of the obstacles with THE new Turkish educational laws which were issued when the Capituwhich the men in France have not had lations were abrogated have been re- cognized as likely to prove a very to contend, but which have been only serious hindrance to the work which mISSIOnaries are carrying on in the too real here. Furthermore, these hard- Turkish Empire. This is particularly true of those which have to do with ships have not been offset by the social the compulsory teaching of the Turk- ish language and the teaching of reagencies at work at the bases as in ligion. In an effort to secure some modification of these restrictions, repre- France. ' sentatives of missionary work have been to Constantinople and have been "'Y. M. C. A.' has proved to be a granted a hearing by the Turkish gov- ernment through the kindly offices of magic password among, them all. Ac- the American Ambassador. At this conference there were representatives commodation, equipment, transportation, of the Beirut Protestant College, the Presbyterian Mission work, Robert Colin fact, nearly everything that we have lege, the American Girls' College, the American Bible Society, and the Amrequired, has been granted to us. The erican Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions. As a result a temmen have also been equally enthusiastic.

The greatest results of our work have been obtained through personal inter- views. The weekly Bible classes', the Sunday evening "Hymn-Sings," the services in the hospital wards, and the distribution of khaki Testaments have opened the way for numerous personal conversations, in which the men have shown an eagerness to speak of the reality of Christ and His power."- Canadian Churchman.

Syrian Mission Property Safe SOME time ago Ambassador Morgen- thau sent for President Howard S.

Bliss and Dr. Frank E. Hoskins of Beirut to come to Constantinople to consult over the intimations of the Turkish government in r~gard to mis-

THE porary arrangement was agreed to Threats Against Robert College touching these laws. The points com- OUTLOOK contains a very'

promised are as follows: illuminating interview with an un- 1. The government demands the re- named authority, called "The Man ligious exercises and instruction shall from Constantinople," in which it was be optional for non-Christians, but may stated that the Turks had threatened be obligatory for Christians. to take Robert College and the beau- 2. That Turkish shall be taught to tiful new Constantinople College for Ottomans in the first year only. Women, both of which properties were 3:o That while the new laws touching built by American philanthropy and the discussion and abrogating of pre- are owned in New York. In the crisis vious agreements and firmans stand, Ambassador Morgenthau quietly moved the work shall go on, the United States . his own summer home to the College Ambassador protesting. for Women and flew the Embassy flag These concessions will enable the above it, thus insuring the safety of mission work to be continued and will one set of buildings. Then he ar– enable the missionaries to deal with ranged that, if Robert College could local officials under authorization of not be saved otherwise, it should be the highest courts in Constantinople used by the American Red Cross, with which will save them from many an- American missionary doctors in charge.

noying delays and obstacles. The "Man from Constantinople" said that he believed that many more than Conditions in Palestine half a million Armenians had been THE Christian pilgrimages to the killed, outside of the army, and that sacred sites in the Holy Land have Talaat Bey boasts of it even to the American Ambassador,- He cynically ceased, and Jerusalem and all the other and shamelessly declares that he means communities' in Palestine which depend to get rid of the Armenian question by so largely upon this traffic for their in- getting rid of the Armenians. Nothing come have been hard hit. What with less than the extermination of the race the presence of the locusts and the ab- is his obj ect; and he and Enver Pasha sence of the travelers, plus war times, have been heard to say that they will the Holy Land has had a taste of real do the same to the Jews and the Ottofamine. The monks and priests in man Greens, and then, as a grand charge of the Christian shrines, such finale, to the Germans! as the Church of the Holy Sepulcher, the Garden of Gethsemane, the Church EUROPE-BRITISH ISLES of the Nativity at Bethlehem, etc., have mostly been French and Italian Roman African Bishops Reply to Kikuyu Catholics or members of the Russian Statement Church. These, together with the THE Bishops of Mombasa and teachers of the Franciscan and Jesuit Uganda have announced their de- and Dominican schools, have all been cision to cooperate with non-conform- driven from the Empire, and warned ists within the limits defined in the that they are not to be allowed to re- statement of the Archbishop of Canter- turn, even after the war. While the bury. The announcement was elicited religieuse have been merely deported, by a circular letter signed by the six other civilians of enemy nations have clergymen who convened the meeting been interned, first at Damascus, and reported in the October REVIEW. It will _then later at Urfa, in upper Mesopo- be remembered that those present tamia.-The Outlook. pledged themselves, before renewing

WORLD-WIDE MISSIONARY NEWS

their SUbscriptions to foreign missions puts it, nothing but a miracle of grace or making further collections on their could have saved the mission from seribehalf, to obtain in every case an as- ous divisions. The China Inland Mission surance that the practises of admitting is not only an interdenominational, but members of non-Episcopalian churches an international organization, enrolling to Holy Communion or to preach in workers from 22 different countries. the pUlpits of the Church will not be The love of God, which alone has been permitted within the sphere of the able to draw workers from so many Mission to be supported. The Bishop lands, to labor together unde! one of Mombasa's reply is addrest to Pre- banner, has not failed even in these bendary Boyd, Vicar of St. Paul's, most difficult days to keep those work- Knightsbridge, who in his recent pamph- ers united in the spiritual service of let, "Facing Kikuyu," commits himself evangelizing China. to the statement that the most ignorant lay reader preaching that which is un- The missionaries from Continental true is to be preferred in church pul- countries are supported by funds raised pits to the most cultivated Nonconform- in their own lands, so that the finanist minister preaching what is true! cial question does not arise in the re- Bishop Peel concludes: "I can well iationships of the mission. Prayer is understand 'the feeling of unrest and asked that love may prevail, for there anxiety among churchmen in England are not a few Chinese converts who who are trying in ten thousand ways are closely watching to see if the spirit to nullify the Reformation, and to ar- of Christ is sufficient to conquer the rive at the condition of things in war spirit in those who profess to be 'Church' affairs which obtained in Eng- followers of the Prince of Peace. land before the Reformation, barring the supremacy of the Pope."-C.M.S. THE CONTINENT Review. The Y. M. C. A. in France The C.I. M. in War Time MR. OLIVER H. McCOWEN, the T HE effect of the war upon the Indian National Council Secretary work of the China Inland Mis- for Burma, is in charge of the great sion has been of a somewhat unique work of the English Y. M. C. A.'s with nature. With many societies the actual the British Expeditionary Force in the fields of missionary operation have been north of France. directly affected, with the result that in some cases local effort has had to be He has contributed to The Young suspended through the withdrawal of Men of India a racy account of his workers or their internment, but the work, from which we quote the follow- China Inland Mission has had the great ing items: advantage of laboring in a neutral sphere. This is a subject for which Every branch of the service is being the mission is particularly grateful. looked after: the fighting men-cavalry, infantry, and artillery-the Army Ser- But, while the field of operations has vice Corps, who have done such splenbeen neutral, the work at the home did work in this war, the Army Ordbases and in the personnel of the work- nance Corps, the bakers, who send 500,- ers has been most intimately involved. 000 loaves to the front daily, the la- In this respect the problems and diffi- borers and the mechanical transportculties have been of a peculiarly search- all these look on the Y. M. C. A. as ing nature, and as Secretary Broomhall their own.

In the hospital camps in the large Y. M. C. A. marquee, comfortably

boarded, bedecked with flags, and set well as Protestant England is a great out with comfortable deck chairs, the Mohammedan power. men are being helped to forget the horrors and pain of the past, and are The attendents upon the new building resources of strength and mosque will be chiefly Tartars, of nerve for a further part in our great whom 15,000,000 are living under the task. Russian double eagle. The govern- ment of Kasan and the Crimea are the The Distress in Serbia great centers of this population. These Moslems are, undoubtedly, a higher type T HE Bible Lands Missions' Aid So~ than their co-religionists of Turkey. ciety is continuing its work of re- They are cleanly" abstinent from both tobacco and alcohol, intelligent, and lief of the sufferers in Serbia, and in- extremely energetic as traders and crea;;ing demands are being made upon merchants.-Record of Christian Work. it. NORTH AMERICA The main relief work is being done from the headquarters of the Society The Y. W. C. A. Jubilee at Monastir, the center of a vilayat bearing the same name, which con- THE Young Women's Christian Assists of 300 to 400 towns and villages. No other relief fund is at work in the . sociations of the United States are whole of this iarge area. planning to celebrate in the month of February, 1916, the fiftieth anniversary The chief sufferers are refugees of the opening in Boston of the first from villages destroyed in 1912, when city association. Plans adapted to city, cattle, grain, argricultural implements, student, and country organizations have and all household effects were looted. been developed, and the jubilee will be not only an opportunity for a review In Monastir alone there are some of the achievements of the past, but a 8,000 destitute persons, including refu- time to make larger plans for the gees from more than thirty villages. future. The one city association of Many of them are suffering from ill- 1866 has grown to 245, with a memness caused by two and a half years bership of 273,234, and there are also of semi-starvation, while large num- 721 student associations. The extenbers are in a state of extreme debility, sion of the Association movement to which, failing relief, can only end in the Orient has been one of the most a lingering death. There are whole striking developments of the period. streets of families in this condition. Japan now has 20 associations, with six American secretaries, and 18 secretaries Mohammedanism in Petrograd are at work in five cities in China.

THERE is a mosque under construc- Plans of the Commission on Missions tion in Petrograd, not far from the By the constitution of the National Troitsky (Trinity) Bridge over the Council the Congregational Commis- Neva. It is a massive granite building, sion on Missions has a continuous existrelieved by a dome of cerulean tiles and ence, half its members going out of a blue-tiled entrance porch. There are office each two years The Commission, three minarets from whence the ears of which President King of Oberlin is of the "Orthodox" will in days to chairman, will begin the work of the come be jarred by the call to Moslem coming biennium on the basis of previous prayer. The whole building recalls experience of members who hold over, Samarcand. The building was partly reenforced by those recently elected. given by the Emir of Bokhara which recalls the fact that Holy Russia as

WORLD-WIDE MISSIONARY NEWS

Among the subjects to which the Com- 'Strength to Congregational churches mission is expected to devote its at- and to enable the members of the tention are the following: preliminary organization to make themselves more plans for the Tercentenary Fund, which adequate to the demands of the modern is to be raised in 1920, a study of the church. field work of the various missionary societies and the relation of field and At the first meeting, which was held state organizations; a consideration of in Center Church, New Haven, in Nothe problem of the various missionary vember, the following problems were magazines published by the denomina- presented as lying within the scope tion and the development of the Appor- of the organization: tionment Plan. Sub-committees will make careful study of different topics The training of adequate leadership and by meeting perhaps three times for the Church; the development of the during the biennium the Commission Church as the Father's House, the as a whole can work over the reports social center of the community; the submitted, and having reached a judg- reaching out into the community along ment on major matters will confide many lines of social service; the fine them again to the care of smaller com- art of guiding the unfolding life of mittees for execution. childhood and youth.

The Ministry in America The executive committee will plan definitely to present the challenge of HILE much has been written and this new vocation to the young women W spoken about the decrease of stu- in the colleges. dents for the ministry, Mr. Talcott Williams, of Columbia University, has been A Chair in Christianity investigating the facts. with surprizing results. He declares that, from 1880 to WHILE giving large attention to 1910 the number of ministers has Comparative Religion, the great grown faster than the number of lawyers or physicians. In this thirty years, seats of learning have in many cases the United States census' heing witness, passed by Christianity as a substantive the number of ministers had increased study. So much has this been the case from 64,698 to 132,988, or had more in America, that the president of a than doubled. Further, the llumber of great university in the Middle States theological students in the United recently declared that a student might States has doubled in thirty-three years. graduate from many of the institutionS' There were 5,242 in 1880 a"d 10,965 in of learning in the land and yet be as 1913; while in Germa'l' t',~ ,logical ,tu- ignorant of Christianity as if he had dents have fallen off one-half in this been educated in a pagan country. At generation, and in Ewdand the number length, there are indications of a turnhas remained the same. in'S of the tide, for a worthy example has been set by a small institution, Church Assistants Organize Furman University, South Carolina, the trustees and faculty of which have set A NEW field for women who wish to up a Chair of' Christianity. Holding devote themselves to Christian work that Christianity is the salt of civilis offered by the Congregational Lea::iue ization, and can no more be excluded of Church Assistants. The salaried than can mathematics. It says to prewomen workers in the Congregational sumptive students: "If you object to a churches have banded together in an course in Christianity, go elsewhere. organization whose purpose is to add For our part, we are unwilling to give our degrees to students who have not had special instruction in the origin,

the documents, and the history of the the coast in the autumn, when they Christian religion." were to return south.

Presbyterian Women Leaders Confer At first the intention was, it seems, that these German members of the mis- ANOTABLE gathering was held in sionary staff on the coast should be in- Chicago, from November 10th to terned; however, that was altered, and 18th, by representatives of the Presby- they have now been aJlowed to resume terian Woman's Boards of Home and their work on parole. They went north Foreign Mi.;sicns, the Woman's Depart- on board the Harmony. ment of the Freedmen's Board and delegates from the Synodical Societies, who An Experience of Wu Ting Fan. assembled to consider matters of common interest at the home base. THE Rev. Huie Kin, a Chinese Christian pastor in New York, was A call to the conference stated its ob- reading a daily paper. Seeing that a distinguished countryman of his was to i ect in the following words: be in New York over Sunday he tele- phoned him at his hotel inviting him "The tendency toward joint synodical to attend the Sunday service at his presbyterian and local organizations has church. brought to the attention of the Woman's Boards of Foreign and Home Missions The invitation was promptly accepted. the need of such oneness of method as After the service was over the guest shall simplify the work all along the line. s'aid to the pastor: The insistent derr:ands of the mission cause have indicated the need of a cJear- "When I was a boy in China I was cut, definite administrative policy." acquainted with some Christian people and I thought highly of Christianity. The conference had no power of de- I had never identified myself with it, cision on any matter, but agreed upon but, when I was appointed to America many recommendations to be considered, I decided I wanted to throw in my lot and, if possible, ratified by the various with Christian people there, and made Boards represented. up my mind that I would accept the first invitation which was given me to Labrador Missionaries on Parole attend a Christian service."

ACTING under instruction from the There was a pause which was scarce- Dominion Government, Captain ly perceptible, then he continued: Jackson of the Labrador coast brought with him to St. John's, Newfoundland, "This is the first invitation I have on his first trip southward in the sum- had !" mer, all the male Gentians connected with the Moravian Mission in Labrador. The man who spoke was Wu Ting Fang. As a result of an interview which the captain thereupon had with the This was not his first but his last Minister of Ju.stice at St. John's, and Sunday in America. Before another of the previous intervention of His Sunday had dawned this man, who had Excellency the Governor and of the been Minister from China to Christian mission agent in that city, the mis- America, was on his way home. sionaries and storekeepers who had been brought down werr~ all allowed Who can say what would have been to return' to their posts, hut they were the results if the invitation to go to a accompanied by three or four police- Christian service had been given him men. These had instructions to stay at on his first instead of his last Sunday the stations until the last ship visited in America?-Woman's Work.

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LATIN AMERICA ces Town: "I was glad to find that Mr. Paul Bhaktawar Das, the catechist, The Church of Rome at Its Worst had done his best to keep up the Hindi service. T HE Bishop of Argentina, Dr. Every, in an article to which The "A meeting of our catechists was held East and the West, of July, accorded and the rector, at my request, attended the premier place, says some very pun- and presided. Several important matgent things of the Roman Catholic ters were discust, including extension Church in South America, where he of work, training of East Indian teachsays that Church is admittedly at its ers and mission workers for the future, worst. "There is', unfortunately, no traveling expenses of catechists, etc. question as to the debased moral at- The rector told us that there were mosphere of Latin American lands, and about 200 Indian children in four of it is impossible not to hold the Church the schools in the parish, but nothing largely responsible. Then~ is no Chris- was being done for them in their own tian, nor partially Christian, public language. Some of them attend the OpllllOn. Integrity and clean living religious instruction in English, sit for are not expected. Honor and truth the religious examination, and do well. are exceptional. There is a general lax attitude of tolerance toward every- "The distinguishing feature of the thing, including vice. . . . . Among meeting was the spontaneous request of the mass of the educated men faith is the catechists for regular and systemdead. Religion is a matter of custom, atic instruction in Hindi for themnot conviction. The tone of the univer- selves." sities, which, of course, includes all the leading and professional men of the Bible Colportage on the Amazon future, is frankly unchristian. It causes astonishment if any educated man is a THE British and Foreign Bible Sotrue believer." In his judgment, the ciety is to have an oil-driven facts honestly studied would justify launch for the evangelization of the the viewing of South America as an tribes of the 50,000 miles of navigable open mission field, and he evidenly waterway on the Amazon and its wishes that the English Church would tributaries. Hitherto, Bible colportage so view it.-C. M. S. Review. has been carried on from the regular steamers which ply up and down the~ Hindus in the West Indies great river, but these stop only at speci- fied points so that thorough colportage T HERE' are in the diocese of Trini- of the region has been difficult. The dad, in the West Indies, over 100, new steamer, built at the modest cost 000 Indians who have come there to of $3,000, will be able to carry a ton labor on the sugar and other planta- of Bibles, sufficient food, water (for tions. A large amount of successful the Indians often poison the water of missionary work has been carried on streams in order to kill the fish), and among them by the S. P. G., and as will be provided with sleeping quarters a result of an increased grant which where the colporteur can protect himthe Society was able to make the Rev. self from the dangerous' insects which Ramprasad Dube, an Indian Brahman, swarm about the river banks. Mr. Walwas lately appointed to assist Mr. Rag- key, an Anglican missionary who bir in superintending the work which knows the Amazon thoroughly and is a is being done among the Indians. qualified engineer, has cooperated help- fully in the venture. His theory is that He wrote after his first visit to Prin- by evangelizing the Indians of the waterways the Indians further in the

forests can be later reached by means bambo'o grove at night. Then they put of the Christianized tribespeople. The it in the church in Atibaia, but it younger Indians of the region are wouldn't stay there either. So the priest largely able to read, having been announced that the only thing to be taught, in many cases, in return for done was to build a church at the their services as rubber collectors. The place where the image wanted to stay. Bible is the only literature in the ver- The church was built, then one or two nacular accessible to them, hence they houses, and now after many years the are always ready to buy it.-Record of place has grown up into a village. Christian Work. But far more rapidly than the village, A Brazilian's View of Protestant ha, grown the fame of the miraculous Missions image, or saint, as they call it. From far and near the pilgrims attend and A MISSIONARY was present at a go through all sorts of idolatrous prac- tises of fulfilment of vows. The sad- meeting held in the Lapa theatre, dest and most significant thing to a when an audience of more than 200 believer in Christ about the worship people, representing aU classes of so- of this image is the name by which the ciety, listened to an address by a lead- people call it, "Saint Good Jesus of the ing citizen on "The Return of the Pardons." This is in itself a revelation Prodigal Son." of the ignorance of the people and an appeal for fuller knowledge of the real He was a Roman Catholic, but when nature of Christ.-Christian Observer. asked if the Americans had a mission among his people, he replied, "Yes, a AFRICA twofold mission, to correct the abuse, of the Roman Church and to give re- "What Vould Jesus Do?" ligious comfort to the people, that is, to give the masses the Gospe1." OF what use are Christian Sunday- schools in Moslem lands? A strik- The missionary later went to visit ing answer is given in a little incident him and offered to read to his mother, related by an eye-witness to Mrs. Finif she desired, some comforting words ney, one of the American missionaries of the Savior. "After I reached Curi- in Alexandria. tyba, I sent him two pamphlets and received an appreciative letter. Some An Australian soldier, who had been day some of those men and women I in the cafes and drink shops, was met will be the first members of the sauntering down the street when he Presbyterian Church of Lapa." was laid hold of by two gay and prof- ligate women, one on each arm. Each A"Saint Good Jesus of the Pardons" was coaxing him. At that moment a FEW miles from the town of Ati- bright Egyptian lad was coming from baia, in the State of S. Paulo, the opposite direction, and the soldier Brazil, there is a small, out-of-the-way in an offhand way called out to him, village, where every year the Roman "Boy, which one shall I go with?" Catholic Church holds one of its most The lad stopt a moment and then, lookcelebrated festivals in this part of the ing straight up into his face, replied in country. It is said that once upon a clear, simple English, "What would time an image of Jesus was discovered Jesus do?" The soldier was so taken in a bamboo grove there and put by aback and so deeply touched that he the priest in the church at Nazareth, flung himself loose, and running down near-by. But it did not want to stay the street, disappeared from view. there, so miraculously went back to the The British officer who noticed the

WORLD-WIDE MISSIONARY NEWS

affair stept up and asked the lad in Uganda for volunteers to go among where he had learned English, and was the tribes of the Mongalla province, told that the boy was a pupil in the toward whom Islam is making rapid American Mission school in Alexandria strides. The C. M. S. mission among and that this very verse had been ex- them has now been in existence for 10 plained by one of the teachers at Sun- years, and still looks forward to its day-school. first baptism. Of African Moslems the Boys of the Munchi Tribe Seek Christ people have seen many, often in high positions of trust and responsibility, W RITING from Salatu, Mr. A. S. but of African Christians they have Judd, of the Sudan United Mis- come into contact with none. The sion, gives the following encouraging first to respond to the appeal were two particulars of a movement which has boys in their third year at King's just begun in one of the tribes among School, Budo, followed by a pupil whom the society is at work: teacher from Ndeje. At the communion service held for members of the Synod "You will be pleased to know that we the Bishop appealed to the elder clergy have had quite a movement among the and lay readers to send one of their boys here during the past few days. number as leader of the new Mission. One evening a lad of 16 years of age One of the oldest of the Baganda came to see me; he wanted to follow clergy, the Rev. Yosuwa Kiwavu, ofthe Christ. The next evening another fered himself, notwithstanding his adcame, and evening after evening I vancedage and the fact that he has have had seekers after the way of truth already spent many years of exile in until there are now twelve of the Busoga, the last two years of them in school-boys who have exprest their de- a remote and dangerous out-station, termination to follow the Master. Some for the evangelization of which he are quite young, but three are approach- volunteered to leave his comfortable ing manhood, and they have given their home. It is little, to be wondered at testimony, very clear and definite, in that such an example was emulated. public. They will be marked men now. In a few hours' time three other Bag- The others, being younger, have not anda clergy and two lay readers also spoken in public, but they all take part offered, of whom the two latter were in their own prayer meetings, and we eventually chosen to accompany Kiwavu have had quite a number of these. The and to travel into the Sudan with Mr. boys have to spend much of the day Shaw on his return journey. on their farms, driving off birds from the ripening crops'. On Sunday, as they could not get in for service on the News From West Africa F station, they held a service out in the OUR members of the West Africa Mission of the Presbyterian Board fields. This was their own idea. We shall have to give time to the training arrived in New York, December 15th, of these boys, for they will need much and reported that they received only help." courteous treatment in German Kame- run, Spanish Guinea and from the of- THE Baganda Missionaries for the Sudan ficials of the French and British cruis- Uganda Synod appealed for ers who boarded their ship.

workers for the pagan Anglo- Before leaving Kamerun, the entire Egyptian Sudan, and a very speedy re- party pledged themselves to say noth- sponse has come from the Uganda ing of military conditions in Kamerun.

Church. The Rev. A. Shaw, of Malek, They were permitted, however, to tell on the White Nile, has been appealing anything regarding the missionaries

and the work. From the necessity laid he must, as a Christian, try at least upon them on account of the lack of to get rid of from a heart only too foreign food, the missionaries have cul- ready to entertain it. Patriotism, selftivated their gardens much more than sacrifice, calm courage as connected in former years. One of the mission- with war, are strange notions hard to aries has succeeded in producing a understand. Then he is told of hosplantain flour and a toothsome syrup pitals, Red Cross work, mercy to all out of a native cane. The industrial non-fighters, and so forth, and hearing work has practically ceased because of this he looks at the pictures' of fighting a lack of cloth for making garmerrts, in Belgium I What is he to, think? of leather for making shoes, and a lack What can he possibly make of it all? of demand for chairs and tables, and Christianity is essentially to him the refor building of any kind. While war ligion of peace and mercy. He can only conditions are irksome, and at times think one thing: that the white man seriously interfere with the work, the teaches one way and follows another. greatest courtesy has been shown the And so he keeps silent, because such American representatives. thoughts are neither clearly formed in his mind, nor would he like to express The returned missionaries did not them if they were." think that their comrades are in any danger. Bible-work in New Zealand The girls' schools are all closed, but THE British and Foreign Bible Sothe boys' schools are running, only with ciety's latest report from New Zeareduced numbers. The most striking of all the statements regarding the land, has recently reached London. In work is that the offerings while pos- a year, which included nine months of sibly not equalling those of former the great war, New Zealand has conyears, are remarkable, the people giving tributed to the B. F. B. S. no less than out of extreme poverty, and realizing £2,382; this total contains a gift of £349 the great need on account of war con- from the Otago Bible Society, but it ditions. takes no account of legacies from New Zealand, which have reached the record THE ISLANDS OF THE SEA sum of £4,324. A New Testament was placed in the hands of each soldier of A The Puzzled Melanesian the New Zealand contingent, which has CORRESPONDENT writes in been fighting with such magnificent gal- The Southern Cross Log: lantry in the Dardanelles. "Readers may be interested to hear how, as far as one can judge, the catas- Hospital Ship for the Sulu Islands trophe of the war apears to the mind of the ordinary Melanesian Christian. ONE of the missionaries of the Epis- A thing that strikes one very much copal Board in the Philippines says is his intense interest in it. that the greatest advent of the past Next to his intense interest is his year in that mission has been the conreserve about what he really thinks. joint acceptance by the Philippine gov- His attitude as a Christian is hard to ernment and a private philanthropy in probe. Here are Christian nations' all America of the proposition submitted fighting together on an enormous scale. by Bishop Brent for a hospital ship for But war to him means murder, and the Sulu Archipelago. It is hoped that murder he has learned is a sin, and this institution will be a center of inutterly and entirely un-Christian. War struction and healing to 200,000 natives. means revenge, and revenge he knows '1~t : BOOKS ON Ml3SIONS @.-.; /~ " AND – : / ……………….. . ".".. MI3SION LANDS .. .— – …./. . ". -~….. ………….

The China Mission Year Book for 1915. The Students of Asia. By Sherwood Edited by D. MacGillivray. 12mo. 586-252 Eddy. 12mo, 223 pp. Student Volunteer pp. With new missionary map of China, Movement, New York, 1915. 20×22 inches. $2.00, net. Christian Litera- The students of to-day are the leaders ture Society, Shanghai, China, 1915. of to-morrow and Mr. Eddy has wisely The China Mission Year Book has devoted his life to bringing the message come to be looked upon as an institution of Christ to the students of Asia. In -a servant of the cause of Christ and India and China he has held remarkable of progress in China. evangelistic meetings at which thousands have been enrolled as enquirers'. In the Volume six contains an immense present volume he studies the countries amount of valuable information not only of Asia from the students' standpoint, the on Christian progress but on the political, present intellectual awakening, the new commercial, educational, and social de- student life and ideals; the student velopment of China. Many of these leaders in India and China; the successchapters are contributed by specialists ful methods employed in student work and all are carefully edited. Dr. Arthur and the present call of Asia to Christian H. Smith writes the survey for 1914 America and England. The appendices and the story of Christian churches in deal with the contrasts between orient China. and occident, moral instruction in Japan- ese schools, typical questions asked by There are also sections on Meetings of Japanese, and the religions of China. Federal Councils, on the distribution of missionaries, the post-office as an evan- Mr. Eddy's book will be especially gelizing agency, social service in China, helpful to the students of North America. Woman's Work in China, and a full list It is more of a general presentation than of over 400 missionaries and 80 foreign a detailed study of the subject, but it is missionary agencies in China and For- an inspirational message drawn from acmosa. The statistics are informing but tual contact with Asiatic students. incomplete. The map in three colors is a unique production prepared by the Missions and Leadership. By J Camp- China Continuation Committee. It shows the various mission centers with 1 to 5, bell White, LL.D. 16mo. 192 pp. SOc. N. 6 to 15, 16 to 25, 26 to 50, and more than Collier Printing Co., Wooster, Ohio, 1915. SO missionaries respectively. Other marks Dr. White is well-known as the organindicate the unoccupied citie~ distinguish- izer and for many years the general ed according to their size and importance. secretary of the Laymen's Missionary Movement. He is a clear thinker and The railroads-in operation and pro- forceful speaker and has won a right posed-the canal and trade routes are to speak on missions and leadership-as also marked. The parallels of latitude he has done in these lectures delivered in and longitude are omitted. These with South Carolina. First he declares and a key to mission stations would greatly gives facts to show that the present add to the value and usableness of the second decade of the twentieth century map. i!> "the decisive decade in missions." He points out that service to God and man is Agatho Rolf, O.M. Cap., of a German the only life purpose worth while and book. The author of this is a Roman that knowledge of world conditions and Catholic and of course he considers the spiritual forces is essential to power. In whole mission problem from that view- the chapter on money and the kingdom, point. Of the seven chapters, four are Dr. Vhite is especially at home. He devoted to comparisons between Roman makes figures talk. The final appeal for Catholic and Protestant missions in Asia personal service in the missionary cause and to a critical discussion of the "De- is a stirring and convincing argument for fects of Protestant Mission Methods,"

more thorough consecration to Christ. "Modern Tactics of Protestants in the He concludes: (1) "The World Field is Mission Proper," and "Protestant the only field; (2) The Great Commis- Methods of Awakening Missionary sion is the only commission; (3) Man is Zeal." It would be quite easy for God's chosen steward and messenger." a Protestant critic to make a for- My Lady of the Chinese Courtyard. By midable list of the defects of Roman Elizabeth Cooper. Illustrated, Bvo, 162 Catholic Missions. Nevertheless Father pp. $1.50, net. Fred'k A. Stokes Co., 1915. Schwager's small book is wholesome Chinese women are just emerging from reading for Protestant missionary work- obscurity. They are showing their ers. It is well for us sometimes to see strength and are worthy of study. Miss ourselves as others see us. The view- Cooper bases her revelation of the women point of the author is distinctly continand home life of China on letters written ental, as distinguished from British and many years ago, so that the volume does American. His pre-suppositions material- not reveal the new women being pro- ly affect his jUdgment, but he is an able duced by modern civilization and mis- man and evidently intends to be fair and sions. The vast multitudes of China have honest. A reader who does not under- not changed very much, but they are stand the currents a.nd cross-currents of changing. life in Asia, might get a wrong impres- In the form of two series of letters as sion from Father Schwager's chapters, written by the wife of a high Chinese but the foreign missionary secretary and official to her husband, the author pic- the foreign missionary himself may find tures the thoughts and conditions of this little book interesting and suggestive.

Chinese women of the higher class. It is a secluded life, with many families under Working Women of Japan. By Sidney one roof~parents, children, mother-in- L. Gulick. Illustrated, 12mo, xiv-162 pp. law, son's-in-Iaw, and grandchildren. The 50 cents. Missionary Education Move- ment" New Yark, 1915.

wife, kwei-li, turns finally from the Dr. Gulick gives us here the first ex- Chinese gods to Christ and in Him finds tended treatment of the increasingly impeace. portant theme, the working women of Japan. A reviving Buddhism, under the Beautifully illustrated and well written, stimulus of Christian ideals, has renewed this illuminating story is well worth read- it, ancient interest in some forms of ing by young missionaries going to China philanthropy, but the serious problems of and by those at home who desire a industrialism have awakened little conglimpse of the inside of upper-class cern, except among Christians. The con- Chinese homes.

The Most Vital Mission Problem of ditions of women in domestic and agri- the Day. By the Rev. Frederick cultural employments, the more than Schwager, S.V.D. 12mo. Mission Press, 1,000,000 factory girls, the 30,000 geisha, Teckney, Illinois, 1915. A small volume, the 50,000 shogi, are set forth in useful hardly more than a bound pamphlet.

This is a translation, by the' Rev. detail. The closing chapter is devoted

ON MISSIONS AND MISSION LANDS

to the Matsurgama Working Girls' ed. Missionaries and religion in Santo Home, the remarkable enterprise of Mr. Domingo are referred to a" follows: Shinjiro Omoto, which is illustrating to "Just what work Christian missionaries the community and to the government are doing among these people I do not one phase, at least, of the Christian know; but certainly there is a great op- solution of the problem of the working portunity, at any rate; the great needs of girl. the hour are education and religion. Until both come this will continue to be Historic Churches of Mexico. By Mrs. the most backward portion of the Vv-est- John Wesley Butler. Illustrated, 8vo, ern Hemisphere." 258 pp. $1.50, net. The Abingdon Press, New York and Cincinnati, 1915. Introducing the American Spirit. By Mrs. Butler's description of twoscore Edward A. Steiner. Illustrated. 12mo. pp. $1.00, net. Fleming H. Revell Co., Mexican churches, noteworthy as ex- 1915. ponents of the legends and traditions of their ecclesiastical system, is of value Professor Steiner is never dull. He is to the tourist in search of Spanish archi- always original and thought-compelling, tecture and local color. To the student and his latest volume is worth reading. of mission fields and faiths this record Americans will here see themselves as of the visions and miracles upon which others see them; foreigners will see these churches have been founded and America as a loving adopted son sees his of the credulity of their worshipers is foster-mother country. The description a revelation of the Roman Catholic of America and the interpretation of the Church in that country. The conclusion American spirit is given in the form of is inevitable that the Mexican people a bright, entertaining narrative. A Gerhave received stones for bread. "The man director and his wife are guided hungry sheep look. up and are not fed." through the whirl and beauties of Amer- ican life and scenery with a running Bahaism and Its Claim. By Samuel G. fire of criticism and repartee that reveals Wilson, D.D. 8vo, 298 pp. $1.50 net. Flem- the failings and excellencies of the land ing H. Revell Co., 1915. and the people. Bahaism claims to have somewhat Along the Trail. By Sarah G. Pomeroy. similar relation to Islam as Christianity 12mo. 96 pp. 40 cents, net. Fleming H. has to Judaism. It is founded on Islam, l.evell Co., 1915. but has advanced to broader and higher Juniors will be greatly interested in spiritual ideals under the lead of a new teacher. Bahaism is far from Christian this collection of pen pictures of Indians, and it would be well for those who are Pilgrim fathers, Eskimos, Negroes, lenient toward it in England and Amer- mountaineers and foreigners in America to read this revelation. Ica. It is full of life and color, and seems more like a collection of traveI- The Future of South America. By Roger tales than a text-book. W. Babson. Map. 12mo, 407 ~<). $1.50, net. Little, Brown & Co., Boston, 1915. The Revelation. By Arno C. Goebelein. 12mo. 208 pp. 50 cents, net. "Our Latin-America is in the public eye. It Hope," New York, 1915. is a coming continent. Mr. Babsun deals The most obscure book of the New with its great commercial future, taking up in detail the conditions in each separ- Testament is the most fascinating to ate country in turn. The suggestions those who study it with a key to unlock to those having trading interests in its treasures. Mr. Goebelein has given South America are of particular value. us both an analysis and an interpretation PopUlations and educational conditions that are worthy of careful study. The are indicated briefly, but social and re- imagery, the prophecies, the meaning all ligious conditions are scarcely mention- require deep study, and it is not surpriz-

ing that there are different interpreta- My Lady of the Chinese Courtyard. By tions. Mr. Goebelein recognizes the Elizabeth Cooper. 12mo, xvi-262 pp., Ilvarious "schools" and himself looks to the future for fulfilment. The Scarlet lustrated. $1.50, net. Frederick A. Stokes Woman he accepts as picturing the Papal Co., New York, 1915. system and the thousand years as following the destruction of world by em- Sketches From Formosa. By the Rev. W. pires and the personal return of Christ. Campbell, D.D. F.R.G.S. 6s. Marshall It is a study Biblical and spiritual with Bros., Ltd., London, 1915. abundant reference to history. A Short History of Japan. By Ernest Blood Against Blood. By Arthur S. Booth-Clebborn. 12mo. 176 pp. 50 Wilson Clement. Illustrated, Map, x-190 cents, net. Charles C. Cook, N ew York, pp. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, 1915. 1915. The writer, a son-in-law of General Missions and Leadership. By J. Camp- bell White, M.A." LL.D. 16mo. 192 pp. William Booth of the Salvation Army, 50 cents, net. Presbyterian Committee of makes a vigorous and impassioned protest Publication, Richmond, Va., 1915. against war. It is a tremendous indict- The Inspiration of Responsibility and ment, and calls for careful consideration Other Papers. By the Rt. Rev. Charles on the part of Christians. Whatever the motives for human warfare, itS' methods H. Brent. 12mo, 236 pp. $1.50, net. are unchristian and brutish, Longsman, Green & Co., New York, 1915.

Christian Psychology. By Rev. James Fifty Years' Ministry, 1865-1915. Mem- Stalker, D.D. 12mo. 281 pp. $1.25, net. ories and Musings. By the Rev. Wm. Geo. H. Doran Co., New York, 1915. Cuff. Is., net. Baptist Union Publica- While many of us do not agree with tion Department, London, 1915. Dr. Stalker in all of his statements and conclusions, missionaries and students Their Call to Service. A Study in the wiII find these studies valuable. They Partnership of Business and Religion. relate to the various faculties and senses, By Philip E. Howard. 16mo, 157 pp. 60 and their inftuencee on morals and reli- cents, net. The Westminster Press, Philagion. The volume is written in Dr. Stal- delphia, 1915. ker's own clear and forceful style The Reign of the Prince of Peace. By Overtaking the Centuries; or, Modern Women of Five Nations. By A. Estelle Richard Hayes McCartney. 12rno, 160 Paddock. Pamphlet. 40 cents, paper; 60 pp. Charles C. Cook, New York, 1915. cents, cloth. National Y. W. C. A., New The Kingdom in History and Prophecy. York, 1915. By Lewis Sperry Chafer. 12mo, 159 pp. The Y. W. C. A. work has been reach- 75 cents, net. Fleming H. Revell Co., ing out to the women of all nations. Its New York, 1915. peculiar field, history, methods and excellent results are here given in brief Children in South America. By Katherine but interest-compelling form. A. Hodge. Illustrated. 12mo, 128 pp.

NEW BOOKS Is. Sd., net. Oliphants, Ltd., Edinburgh China Mission Year Book, being "The 191~ , Christian Movement in China," 1915 The Second Missionary Adventure. By (Sixth Year of Issue). Edited by Rev. D. Warren H. Wilson. 16mo, 32 pp. 35 Yceonrts~ MacGillivray, M.A., D.D. 12mo, xi-S86, net. Fleming H. Revell Co. New 252, Ivi pp. $4.00. With Map. Christian 1915. ' Literature Society for China, Shanghai, 1915. Church Finance. A Study of Wrong The Students of Asia.By Sherwood Eddy. Illustrated, 12mo, 223 pp. Student Volun- Methods and the Remedy. By Frederick teer Movement, New York, 1915. A. Agar. 12mo. 108 pp. 50 cents. Mis- sionary Education Movement, New York, m~ Was It Worth While? The Life of Theo- dore Storrs Lee. By Some Friends of His. 12mo. 178 pp. Illustrated. 50 cents net. Association Press, New York, 1915: How to Live. Rules for Healthful Living b~sed on Modern Science. By Irving FIsher and Eugene Lyman Fisk, M.D. Illustrated, 12mo, xxiii-345 pp. $1.00, net. Funk & WagnaIIs Co., New York, 1915.

The Negro. By W. E. Burghardt Du Bois Ph.D. 254 pp. 50 cents. Henry, Holt Co., New York, 1915.

A Woman in the Sahara. By Helen C. Gordon. Illustrated, 350 pp. 65., net. Heinemann, London, 1915.

Sav_;;e Man in CLtra1 Africa. A study of Primative Races in the French Kongo. By Adolphe Louis Cureau. Illustrated, 351 pp. 12s. 6d., net. Fisher Unwin, London, 1915.

The Missionary Review of the World — July 1912

IN THE ISLANDS OF THE

THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS (belonging to the United States) number 1,72 5 islands with an area of 122,000 square miles (three times the size of New York) and a popUlation of about 7,000,000 (the size of New York State). Ten Societies are at work there witli 167 foreign missionaries and 880 native workers. Protestant Church-members number 40,000 with as many more adherents. The remainder are Roman Catholics, Moslems and Pagans.

AUSTRALIA and NEW ZEALAND contain about 80,000 Aborigines and other non-Christians. There are 13 societies working among them with 70 missionaries and 265 native workers. The Christian converts number 4,000 and the other adherents 24,000. Those among whom missionary work is done are Aborigines, Maoris, Chinese and Polynesians.

MELANESIA includes the islands of New Hebrides, Banks Islands, Santa Cruz and Solomon Islands. (Sometimes New Guinea and Bismarck Archipelago are induded.) Some of these Islands are now Christian. There are 280 missionaries under 16 societies, with 3,070 native workers. Converts number 24,000 with 87,000 other Christian adherents..

MICRONESIA includes the Caroline Islands, Guam, Marshall and Gilbert Islands and Ratak Group. There are only three Societies at work with 32 missionaries and 130 native workers. Church-members number 8,000 and other adherents, 10,000.

POLYNESIA includes Hawaii (Christian), Fiji, Tonga (or Friendly) Samoa, Cook (or Hervey) Austral (or Tubuai), Tuamoto (or Low Archipelago), Ellice, Phoenix, Manihiki, Marquesas, Society (Tahiti) and other scattered islands. Some of these are under control of the French and allow no Protestant mission work. There are 8 Protestant Societies with 170 missionaries and 5,000 native workers. Church-members number 70,000 and other adherents, 96,000 other Protestant Christians.

THE TOTAL POPULATION OF OCEANIA is about 875,000 and the area of inhabited Islands (not including Australia, New Zealand, New Guinea or Malaysia and the Philippines) is 58,818 square miles. New Zealand, Australia and New Guinea contain altogether about 736,000 Aborigines and Kanakas. Malaysia (see statistics in MISSIONARY REVIEW for May) contains about 900,000 square miles and a population of 40,000,000.

There are still in the Islands of the Sea (not including Malaysia) over 1,000,000 pagans-untouched by the Gospel.

MISSIONARY SCENES IN THE PACIFIC

1. Building a House in Samoa. 10. ~~for:,~sn <i:Gnjn ~~~ri~:i1ippines. 2. Baptism in the Philippines. 3. A bamoan Varrior. II.

t ~~~~t}fo~~~ui~ iNe~aGi~l~ea. 12. Christian Church in Tonga.

6. A South Sea Island Belle. 13. A Tahiti Warrior and Shield. 7. Christian New Hebrides Teacher. 8, li(issionary Launch in Fiji. 14. The Un ion Church in Honolu1u.

9. Aborigines' Hut in Australia. 15. Christian Teachers in Caroline Islands.

16. Plowing in the Philippines.

17. Native Home in New Britain.

18. Australian Aboriginal Woman and Child.

Missionary

® of the World ~ VOL. xxxv. No.7. JULY, 1912 VO!.. xxv. No.7. Old Series New Series Signs of the· Times RELIGIOUS LIBERTY IN THE sume an attitude of partizanship PHILIPPINES which may be offensive to any por- tion of the population; he is forbid- THE provincial law in the Philip- den to engage in any religious propa- pines stipulates that "no teacher ganda in such manner as to divorce himself from the sympathies of the or other person shall teach or criti- people." cize the doctrines of any church, religious sect or denomination, or shall This new rule removes the feeling attempt to influence the pupils for or of restriction upon such ordinary inagainst any church or religious sect, dividual liberty as a teacher would in any public schoo1." Regulations have for personal religious preferpromulgated under this act seemed ences in any community of the United to interfere with religious liberty in States. forbidding teachers to attend and aid Protestant missions in their commu- A CHINESE CHRISTIAN CHURCH nities. RECENTLY there assembled at St. The new service manual of the John's University, Shanghai, bish- Philippine educational bureau, just published, omits the former objec- ops and delegates from seven English, tionable warning against teaching in three American and one Canadian Sunday-schools and other strictly Episcopal dioceses, who met in conferpersonal religious activity. It has ence for ten days to affect the organibeen replaced by the following zation of a Chinese Church. The more satisfactory paragraph: "The meeting marked an important era inl government respects all religions, the history of English and American wars with none, favors none, teaches Episcopalian missions in China. Rev.. none. No restrictions are placed L. H. Littell, writing of it in the Livupon a teacher's right to worship in ing Church, says: accordance with the dictates of his conscience, whether in private or The missions will still carryon their public, in the church of his choice. evangelistic, educational, and philan- The teacher, however, shall not as- thropic work, but the Christians of our Church, pow numbering over 28,000, will be members no longer of three * The editors seek to preserve accuracy and to manifest the spirit of Christ in the pages of this REVIEW~ but do not acknowledge responsibility for opinions exprest, or positions taken by contributors to signed articles in these pages. -EDITORS. foreign churches, but of an indigenolls langnage-a fact of which Japanese Christians are heartily ashamed-bechurch, another of those national cause the "licensed quarter" flourishes in Japan as in no other country of the churches, which are linked together, world. It is true that laws which looked toward gradual suppression of loosely as regards organization, but these licensed quarters in the large cities, in Tokyo, Osaka and other tightly as regards family relationship, cities, were passed in 1883, but these laws remained dead letters. The Yoshiin that confederation of churches wara in Tokyo, destroyed in April, I9II, was speedily rebuilt. A destrucknown as the Anglican Communion. tive fire in Osaka, in 1909, wiped out nearly 15,000 dwellings, among them The resultant church will not be bound a considerable number of "bad" houses. Japanese citizens, Christian by the sentiments of the three differ- and heathen, started an agitation against the rebuilding of these houses, ent foreign churches, but will be free, but their success was only partial, be- cause a species of "chaya" was built, in within the broad principles of the which courtezans were not allowed to live, but where they were invited as Anglican Communion, to adopt its own "guests" from other districts. An- other fire started recently in a "licharacteristic color. It will be guided, censed quarter" of Osaka, and, con- suming 142 of the lowest of licensed of course, by conformity to that par- houses, drove out 1,400 of the girls. Then the Christian forces of the city ticular type of Christian doctrine, wor- united in a purity campaign, and, aided by the newspapers, gained a complete ship and discipline, known as Angli- victory. The government issued an order on February 5, 1912. that no lican, the famous "quadrilateral" will cense should be issued for the' continu- ance of the evil business in the burnt be maintained, its principles being in- area, and the Minister of the Home Department, the Governor, the Chief corporated into the preamble of the of Police, and the newspapers declared themselves against a new locality. articles of constitution, and that gen- Purity Association (Kakusei Kwai) eral type of liturgical worship which of nearly a thousand members has now been formed in Osaka for the entire is so well known will doubtless char- suppression of government aid to this vile traffic, and for a campaign of eduacterize the Chinese Church. But cation looking to the awakening to the terrible loss of the nation 111 the·' within these broad limits she will be depletion of its women. It is to co- free; free, if she wishes, to be more democratic in government, to give more liberty or to add more ceremony to acts of worship, or to tighten the bonds of discipline so long relaxed in the home church.

Following are some of the most im- portant statistics of the Anglican mis- sions in China: Total number of missionaries.. . . . . . . . . . . . 611 Chinese clergy. . .. . .. .. . .. . . . . .. . . . . . . . . 101 Chinese lay catechists. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 358 Chinese doctors, men and women…….. . . 29 Chinese school teachers……………… 659 Total number of Chinese missionaries… . . 1,400 Total number of Chinese at present in training jnstitutions for various depart- ments of missionary work … ,………. 440 BaptiLed Christians ………………… 28.561 Number of churches and mission stations.. 842 FIGHT FOR SOCIAL PURITY IN JAPAN THERE are indirect results of Chris- tianity in Japan that are as far reaching as the conversion of individuals. The Japanese word "Yoshiwara" has passed into the English

OF THE

operate yith a similar organization in they should make them feel that their Tokyo. seeking to win them to Christ was a mere pretense. After a meeting in a SIGNS OF DAWN IN INDIA village in the Delhi district, and care- ful questioning of the inquirers, Bishop T HE practises of social and so- Warne baptized more than roo. While the baptisms were going on, men and called religious life in India are women came running from the fields the stronghold of Hinduism, and with with tools in hand, because they had the falling of caste it will, humanly heard there was an opportunity for speaking, quickly surrender to the at- baptisms. In other villages the same tack of the messengers of the Gospel. movement towards Christianity is go- We are, therefore, encouraged when ing on. Shrines are being destroyed, we see signs of weakening of the caste and men and women ask, "What hin- system. The most important of these ders us to be baptized?" It is said was the introduction of a special mar- that if there were sufficient men and riage bill to the Viceroy's Council by money to man this district, not less a Hindu, Mr. Basu, a short time ago. than 1,000 baptisms would occur dur- Its aim was the legalization of mar- ing the year. riages between Hindus of different castes and persons of different re- THE BATTLE AGAINST ISLAM ligions. IN AFRICA All over India meetings were held, WEare not alarmists, but believe either in support of or in opposition . in facing the facts. It is true to the proposed legislation. In Bom- bay a number of prominent native that Islam is the greatest foe of Chris- gentlemen, and even three Hindu tianity in Africa. Rev. Stephen Kun- ladies, spoke in behalf of the bill which, decha, himself a native African, has if enacted, would shake the caste sys- been head native teacher and evangel- tem to the center. One of the rea- ist at Domasi, in Southern N yasaland, sons brought forward in favor of the from very early days in the history bill was the hope that with the relaxa- of the Church of Scotland Mission tion of· caste many who have left Hin- there. Thus, he is able to grasp thor- duism would return to it. oughly one of the most pressing ques- tions affecting, humanly speakin~ the The Viceroy's Council has not prospects of Christianity in Africa, the passed the bill, the opposition from the question of Mohammedanism, and we conservative forces in Hinduism being have read with much interest an article too strong. But the fact that such a written by him for Life and Work, on bill was introduced, and introduced by Mohammedanism in Nyasaland. a Hindu, shows the telling effect which Christian teaching is beginning Kundecha frankly acknowledges to have in India. that in his district Mohammedanism is more rapidly growing than in former The Methodist missionaries in years. In all the large villages Northern India, especially near Delhi, mosque have been erected, and on Frihave adopted a conservative policy days many people are wont to go to with reference to baptisms, and have those spots, where there are teachers, .established more rigid conditions, yet they baptized 1,300 people in 1911, lest

for prayer. All these teachers receive rivals are still fighting for the mas- their commission from the leaders, who tery. There the missionaries are still are either in Fort Johnston or Fort at their posts of duty, but the unrest Mangoche districts (a little north of and unsecurity of life and property are Domasi). making life hard and aggressive work But, says Kundecha, only the minor- still more dffiicult. The Roman Catho- ity of these followers of Islam know lic leaders fear to loose power with what Mohammedanism really is. the government, and appear to be stir- Many, when they find out its meaning, ring up strife.

grumble quite openly that they did not A missionary located in San Luis know it before they became Moham- Potosi writes: "The political situa- medans, otherwise they would not have tion continues to be a guessing game.

entered. Some of these grumblers The papers report a battle of five come to the missionaries to have their hours in the state of Chihuahua. A Mohammedanism "removed," and they football game can show better results.

go away comforted after prayer and The st:lte of Chihuahua has an inde- explanation. pendent government now, and it is In this battle with Mohammedanism a serious question whether Madero the influence for good of the mission can ever subdue it. San Luis Potosi schools is clearly seen. In the last i" quiet, but trouble has broken out in eight years Kundecha has known of the Huasteca in the state, as well as in only two pupils who have become Mo- other places. Quite a number of hammedans, and it is quite a common Americans have returned to the United thing for Mohammedan parents, not States, mostly women and children.

wishing their children to be Moham- The great danger is from riots. If the medans, to send them to the schools smelter and mines near here have to that they be instructed in Christianity. close down, this will leave idle a large It is a strange fact that almost only number of men, and may cause trouble.

the children of those Mohamrnedan There is plenty of enthusiasm in pa- parents who are far away from a mis- rades and meetings, but when it comes sion or its schools, embrace Moham- to the fight to save the country, the medanism. Everywhere the mission- bubble breaks. The threat has been ary schools are bringing about a made here that if intervention comes, friendlier attitude of Mohammedans the first thing will be to assault every toward Christians. The tone of Rev. American women here. There are Kundecha's whole article is distinctly some mighty serious scores against h( peful. this republic already for their treat- L THE SITUATION IN MEXICO ment of Germans, Spaniards and Chi- nese. "

ATIN-AMERICAN republics are The missionary work of itineration in a constant state of unstable is hindered, but not entirely stopt by equilibrium. Paraguay is in the throes the disturbed condition of the country.

of civil war, and 3,000 men have been The normal schools, while hampered reported killed since January. Poverty in many ways, are still carrying on and suffering are prevalent. Cuba is in their work, even if under difficulties.

danger of a revolution, and in Mexico One of the missionaries longest in

service, who has had many years' ex- ligious purposes, and, taking this on perience traveling in all parts of the as an extra, joined him in the cam- republic, and well acquainted with the paign. Soon they had provided for Mexican characteristics, writes: all of the seven.

"The political situation in Mexico is Then Mr. Shane and his associates most threatening. AIl kinds of rumors decided to arouse the Board. They are floating about, and it looks very used diagrams, figures, cartoons, and bad for the near future. A very great clear-cut arguments. The results were number of the American families have surprizing, and the conservative gone this year who did not leave dur- United Presbyterian denomination ing the Madero revolution. The situa- was thoroughly aroused. With di- tion is much worse now, as it is bor- rect, traceable financial returns of 600 dering on anarchy in many parts of per cent. from the campaign, it was the country, and it looks as tho the decided to form a publicity cam- government had lost its grip." paign as a part of the Church's Apart from the question of personal method of raising money for mission- safety, or the safety of wife and chil- ary work.

dren, the care and anxiety for the Other denominations have taken up Mexican Christian is a great burden the subject, one interdenominational on the missionaries. The Church in official group planning to spend $50,- the home land should remember in 000 within six months in newspaper prayer Mexico, her missionaries, her advertising. A group of laymen, Christians, her struggle for constitu- with Mr. Shane at the head, has de- tional liberty. cided to spend $50,000 in a year's ADVERTISING MISSIONS display advertising of missions in secular publications. They expect to LAST year seven college- and arrest public attention and direct it seminary-trained young United especially to its humanitarian aspects.

Presbyterians were ready to go to The allied Home Mission Boards of the foreign field. But the Board had the United States hqve aJready been no funds to send them out, and their in conference in N ew York over a life purposes seemed thwarted. A d.efinite plan for spending $50,000 in a Philadelphia layman, Mr. Shane, short-term pUblicity campaign this head of a large flour business, took year. In connection with the Men up the advertising of the case entirely and Religion Congress in New York at his own expense. The work was recently, a Publicity Commission has done skilfully, but anonymously, or made a scientific study of the whole under the pseudonym of "George subj ect of the churches and the news- Christopher." Whole pages, some- papers. Among its members were times even double pages, were used. experts in newspaper advertising, as Pictures of the seven were printed- well as publishers and editors, and once in inverted position and scat- questionaires were sent out to all the tered over two pages under the cap- newspapers in the land having more tion, "All Upset." A few other men, than 5,000 circulation, to a large num- all like Mr. Shane, having devoted al- ber of clergymen, and to representa- ready a tenth of their income to re- tive laymen all over the Continent.

An investigation into the status of the the languages of the mission field, esreligious press was also made, and the pecially of the German colonies. matter of paid advertisements by churches was thoroughly studied. All A language school is to be opened the findings will be printed in the re- at Nanking, China. By joint action port of the Congress. of missionaries representing more than a score of societies and boards at work Thus we seem to be on the eve in the Yangtze Valley, the University of a great magazine and newspaper of Nanking has been requested to open advertising campaign for religion in such a school, and the trustees of the general and for missions, both for- institution, both in China and the eign and domestic, in particular. Let United States have voted to indorse us not run the risk of forgetting. the plan. Thus, this new department Matt. 9:38. will be opened next autumn and mis- sionary recruits for Central China, al- MISSIONARY TRAINING-SCHOOLS most without difference of nationality INCREASING or denomination, will spend the first year, at least, of their Chinese sojourn I T is announced that a school for at Nanking in an effort to master as much of the Chinese language in one missionary study will be opened in year as average students used to make Lucknow, India, next autumn. Its in two years under the old method of specialty will be the study of Islam private instruction. and the preparation of missionaries for work among Mohammedans. A MISSIONARY CLEARING-HOUSE In Cairo, Egypt a Training School A DECISION has been reached that is to be opened for missionaries to Moslems. Dr. Samuel M. Zwemer of the Federal Council of the Arabia is to be in charge there and Churches of Christ in America shall at the same time will have general act as a clearing-house for the followoversight of the work of the Nile Mis- ing organizations: Laymen's Missionsion Press. He is to take up his work ary Movement, Missionary Education in Cairo in October. Movement, Sunday-school Council of the Evangelical Denominations, The The English Government has pur- International Committee of the Young chased a building in London in which Men's Christian Associations of North it will soon open a School of Oriental America, The International Sunday- Studies. It will be modeled after the school Association, The Denomina- German Oriental Semin:lry in Berlin, tional Brotherhoods, The Young a government institution, and after the People's Societies, and The Gideons. Colonial Institute in Hamburg, a city A conference of the executive secreinstitution. Both German institutions taries, superintendents, and other rephave aided missionary work to a large resentatives of these organizations IS extent by teaching missionaries the called, to plan future work. languages before going out to their fields and by investigating scientifically

A TWICE-BORN BLACK

BY BELLE M. BRA I N, SCHENECTADY, N. Y.

HUNDRED years ago his people received no compensation Africaner, the Hotten- but cruel oppression. They were prac- tot chief, was the tically slaves; their women and chil- scourge of South A f- dren were overworked and ill-treated, nca. Outlawed by the and even the chiefs forced to subsist colony, £100 sterling on the coarsest and scantiest fare.

was offered for his head. He had Vorst of all, there were well-grounded not always been such a monster. The suspicions in the minds of the men injustice and cruelty of a Dutch farmer had made him what he was.

Years before, under his father, the old chief Africaner, his people had roamed, free and unrestricted, over the hills and dales within a hundred miles of Cape Town. But the Dutch settlers had driven them back. Forced to move farther inland, again and again, to make room for newcomers, they at length settled down and be- came subject to a Boer named .Piet Piemaar. Not long after the old chief resigned in favor of his eldest son, Jager, a shrewd and capable AFRICANER.. 'IIIE H()TTEN'I'OT CHIE.F young fellow, renowned for his deeds of prowess. that in their absence all was not right As herdsmen of Piemaar's cattle between Piemaar and their women.

the young chief, Jager (the Africaner Incensed by these wrongs, they of our story), and his brothers, Titus, presently asked that they might re- David and Jacobus, proved of great ceive some compensation for their value. As there was constant danger heavy toil, and be permitted to re- from Bushmen pirates who raided move to some spot where they might the cattle, they were trained in the live in peace and quietness. But use of firearms, and kept supplied both these requests were refused.

with guns and ammunition. Matters soon came to a crisis. Be- At first ~11ey were instructed to act ing a sort of justice of peace for the on the defem,ive only. But presently, district, Piemaar one day received in- finding how expert they were in re- formation that the Bushmen had stolen capturing stolen cattle, Piemaar be- some cattle from a neighboring farm, gan to play the same game as the and ordered his men to go and re- Bushmen, and sent them off on plun- store them. But, having received in- dering expeditions against defenseless formation that the whole thing was a natives farther inland. For this train- ruse to get them away, they refused ing in predatory warfare the whole to obey.

region soon paid very dear. Order after order was sent down In return for all this, Africaner and to their huts during the day, but all

to no purpose. At nightfall, greatly why Berend so persistently molested enraged, Piemaar ordered them to ap- him. When he discovered that it was pear at his doorstep. With a vague done at the instigation of the Boers fear in their hearts they obeyed. Ti- and for the purpose of selling him tus, the second brother, not knowing into the hands of his enemies, his what might happen, took his gun with rage knew no bounds. Marching to him, concealing it behind his back in the borders of the colony, he mur- the darkness. dered a Bastard Hottentot and a Boer At the house, when Jager began named Engelbrecht, and raided the mounting the steps, Piemaar, who farm of the latter.

stood at the top, struck him a heavy From now on he was the terror of blow, and threw him down headlong. the entire region. "For fear of his At this, Titus took his gun from con- approach," said a Namaqua chief to cealment and aiming it at the farmer, Robert Moffat long after, "I have shot and killed him. Entering the fled with my people, our wives, and house, where Mrs. Piemaar was our babes, to a mountain glen or the shrieking and pleading for mercy, wilderness, and spent nights among they told her not to be afraid-all bea.sts of prey rather than fall into they wanted was guns and ammuni- his hands." A single instance will tion. When these were given them suffice to show his cruelty. Having they went away and made no further robbed some natives, they sent to him trouble. But in the night two of asking if he would not restore a few Piemaar's children, overcome with of their cows, as their children were terror, left the house and were killed starving. He agreed to do so if they by two Bushmen who had long been would come and get them. But when seeking an opportunity for revenge. they arrived he ordered some of them The colonial government, aided by shot, and tying others to trees, had the farmers, at once took steps to their tongues cut out and their limbs avenge the murders. Rewards were hacked and mutilated.

offered, and search parties were sent His bitterest foe was Berend Be- out. But Jager, rallying the remnants rend, and the strife between the two of his people, fled across the Orange chiefs and their people was almost River to Great Namaqualand, beyond continuous. A striking incident which the confines of the colony. Here, occurred during a desperate struggle settling on territory ceded to him by between Titus Africaner and Berend's a Namaqua chief, he dared his ene- brother, Nicholas, shows how deadly mies to come and molest him. it was. The two young men had been Foiled in their purpose, the Boers engaged for hours in taking and re- now bribed Berend Berend, chief of taking a herd of cattle, neither being a tribe of Bastard Hottentots living able to score a decisive victory. Aided in the vicinity, to assist them. The by the bushes and the cattle, they had result was a series of bitter conflicts kept out of one another's sight until between Berend and the Africaners a sudden break in the herd brought which lasted for a number of years them at last face to face. Each in- and caused no little bloodshed. stantly raised his rifle and pulled the At first Jager could not understand trigger; but just at that instant, a

IDI2] AFRICANER, A TWICE-BORN BLACK

cow darting in, received both balls ricaner carne occasionally to listen to in the center of her body and fell their teachings. And, at his request, over dead! This peculiar deliverance they went, several times, to preach deeply imprest both the young men. at his kraal. But his visit~ soon In after years Moffat heard the story, ceased. Moved either by fear or by and whenever he referred to it Titus always said: "Mynheer knows how to use the only hammer which makes my ha rd heart feeL"

In January, 1806, a little band of pioneers sent by the London l'vli ssion- ary Society under the leadership o f the heroic brothers, Christian and Abraham Albrecht, crossed the Orange River to plant the Gospel in Nama- quala nd.

On the way up from Cape Town they had suffered incredible hard- ships, nearly dying from hunge r and thirst, and now a new danger threat- ened them. Halting for a brief peri- od while in search of a permanent location, they found themselves in close proximity to Africaner, who soon paid them a visit. But from Africaner, at this time, they had nothing to fear. "As you are sent by ROB}<~K'r MOFFAT' the English, I welcome you to the country," he said. "Tho I hate the jealousy, the natives at Warm Bath Dutch, who opprest me, I love the objected to his coming, and the mis- English. I have always heard that sionaries, to their great sorrow, saw they are the friends of the poor black him no more. But the seed sown in man." his heart was not lost. He had gained So deeply was he imprest with the some conception of the truth, tho it sincerity of the Albrechts that he sent was vague and uncertain. He spoke his children to be taught, and hear- of it afterward as a time when he ing th at they were seeking a perma- "saw men as trees walking."

nent site, urged them to stay where Not long after, through no fault of they were. But this did not seem theirs, his kindly feeling for the mis- best to them. The region was wild sionaries was changed to bitter ha- and desol ate and poorly supplied with tred.

water, and they presently removed to Being in need of a new wagon, he Warm Bath, a hundred miles to the had commissioned Hans Drayer, a west, where they established their sta- Hottentot, to go to Cape Town and tion. purchase it for him. Being an out- Here, to their great surprize, A f- law, he dared not go himself. Hans

was entrusted with three span, or 30 trail of death and destruction in his oxen, 20 to pay for the wagon, and wake, proceeded to Warm Bath. Find- 10 to draw it home. But on the way ing the place deserted, his men bea farmer, to whom he was in debt, gan to search for any articles that seized the whole drove! might have been buried.

Much crestfallen, Hans returned ·While engaged in this work an inhome. On hearing what had hap- cident occurred which was both sad pened, Africaner went to settle with and amusing. One of the men, going' him. Finding him exceedingly inso- into the burying-ground, leapt upon lent and not at all sorry for what had what he supposed to be a new-made happened, he struck him with his grave. Instantly strains of soft murawhide whip. At this Hans seized sic came up from below. What could a gun and leveled it at Africaner- it be? The missionaries had said a rash act which instantly cost him the dead would rise-was this about his life. to take place? Terror-stricken, he stood rooted to the spot, undecided The friends of the murdered man whether to run away or stay and see now sought revenge, and called on the awful sight. The music quickly the people of Warm Bath to help died away. Thinking that perhaps them. This, with a false report that his ears had deceived him, he sumthey had stolen some of his cattle, and moned all his courage and again were aided and abetted by the mis- leapt upon the mound. Instantly ·the sionaries, greatly enraged Africaner same soft sounds came up frol11 beand he vowed venegeance on all con- low! Panic stricken, he fled from cerned in it. the spot, without turning back to sec if the ghost were pursuing. The situation of the missionaries now became alarming. Warm Bath Africaner, fearless alike of living lay in a sandy plain, under the burn- or dead, ordered his men to the spot. ing rays of a tropical sun, and there One after another leapt on the mound, was neither cave nor glen to hide in. and at each leap the same soft sounds For a month they lived in constant came up from below. An order to expectation of being attacked, their dig and discover soon brought the only refuge being square pits, six mysterious musician to view. It was feet deep, which they dug in the Mrs. Albrecht's London piano! sand and covered with the tilt-sails of their wagons. In these they stayed Africaner now took his departure; for nearly a week, literally buried but one of his men, remaining behind, alive and suffering intensely from the set fire to the natives' huts and the great heat and lack of fresh air. missionaries' houses, and the place was soon reduced to dust and ashes. At length, burying most of their possessions in the dry, sandy soil, Notwithstanding all they had sufthey went northward to the base of fered, the missionaries soon returned the Karas Mountains. But finding it and began work at a place they called impossible to settle there, they with- Pella, south of the Orange River. drew to the colony to seek help and About 500 Namaquas from Warm counsel. Bath joined them, but they were a timid people, and even here, across Meanwhile Africaner, leaving a

IZ ] AFRICANER, A TWICE-BORN BLACK MAN 49 I

the river, lived in constant dread of man it would have been nothing, for Africaner. A cloud of dust in the you would soon have died, whether distance always occasioned the great- or no; but you are young, and going est alarm-they were sure it was to become a prey to that monster.'''

Africaner coming to attack them. On January 26, r8I8, when Moffat In October, r812, when the Rev. reached the kraal, the Ebners were John Campbell, of the London Mis- there to greet him, but it was more sionary Society, who had come to than an hour before Africaner put in inspect the various stations, journeyed his appearance. "Are you the mis- from the Cape to Namaqualand, he sionary sent by the London Mission- found the same fear in every village, ary Society?" was his first question.

and afterward can fest that "he and "Yes," was Moffat's reply. This his retinue were never so afraid in seemed to satisfy him, and he said, their lives." "You are young; I hope you will While at Pella, Mr. Campbell sent live long with me and my people."

presents to Africaner, and a concilia- Calling his women, he ordered them tory letter. A favorable reply being to build him a house. In half an hour received, Christian Albrecht went to they had it all ready! It was a frail see him, remaining four days preach- structure, in shape like a bee-hive, ing and teaching. As a result, Af- with a single opening large enough ricaner asked for a missionary, and to crawl in, yet Moffat lived in it Mr. Ebner, a coworker at Pella, was nearly six months.

sent to begin work at the kraal. It did not take him long to dis- In a short time, to the surprize cover the lack of harmony between of everyone, Africaner and two of the missionary and the people. Not his brothers, David and Jacobus, pro- long after his arrival, Titus Africaner, fest conversion, and were baptized. who still hated missionaries, came to But Mr. Ebner was not very wise and the door of Mr. Ebner's hut and be- soon lost the good will of the people. gan heaping abuse upon him. A bit- Such was the state of affairs when ter quarrel ensued, the result of which young Robert Moffat appeared on the was that the Ebners withdrew from scene. He had come to assist Mr. the work.

Ebner, and as the Boers put little Poor young Moffat! alone and in- faith in Africaner's reported conver~ experienced, in the midst of such a sion, there had been dire predictions desperate people, his courage well of the fate that awaited him all the nigh failed. Yet he bravely took up way up from the Cape. "One said the work and ere long was cheered that he would set me up for a mark by many tokens of God's favor.

for his boys to shoot at," says Mof- Gentle, affectionate and deeply spiri- fat; "another, that he would strip off tual, he exerted a peculiar charm over my skin and make a drum of it to Africaner, and the two soon became dance to; another, that he would warm personal friends. Nor was it make a drinking cup of my skull. Africaner only that he won. Even < One kind, motherly lady, wiping the Titus, tho he long withstood the Gos- tears from her eyes, bade me fare- pel, soon came to love him, as did well, saying, 'Had you been an old all the rest.

Africaner took great interest in the mind. "I thought you loved me," he work and became a faithful and said at last, with deep emotion, "and regular attendant at the little school do you advise me to go to the govern- Moffat opened. The New Testament ment to be hung?" Then he added, was his constant companion, and the putting his hand to his head, "Do you great change in him was apparent to not know that I am an outlaw, and all. His interest in the things of that a thousand rix-dollars have been Cod was great and absorbing. Mof- offered for this poor head?" fat tells of seeing him sitting for days at a time, in the shadow of a For three days the matter was pubgreat rock, pouring over the Scrip- licly discussed at the kraal. One aftures. And many a night the two sat ter another came to Moffat, gravely on a stone at the door of Moffat's asking if it were true that he had hut, talking until another day dawned, advised Africaner to go to the Cape. of creation, redemption, and the But at last Africaner decided to go. glories of the heavenly kingdom. When they started, nearly the whole village went with them to the Orange The reality of his conversion could River, half a clay's journey, and the not be doubted. The lion had become parting was very affecting. a Iamb. He who had laughed at human wo now sought in every way To get Africaner safely through to alleviate suffering. He who had the territory of the Boers it was aronce been a firebrand, spreading strife ranged for him to travel in di!'guise, and discord, now became a peace- and whenever necessary, assume the maker, counting no sacrifice too great r()le of .Moffat's servant. "Of two to prevent war and bloodshed. substantial shirts left, I gave him one," says Moffat; "he had a pair of To Moffat it seemed like a miracle. leather trousers, a duffel jacket, much Once, when they were sitting to- the worse for wear, and an old hat, gether, Africaner noticed that the neither black nor white. My own missionary's eyes were fixt on his garb was scarce!y more refined. Luface, and inquired the cause. "I was dicrous as the picture may appear, trying," said Moffat, "to picture to the subject was a grave one, and myself your carrying fire and sword often did I lift my heart to God through the country, and I could not that His Presence might go with think how eyes like yours could smile us. " at human wo." At this Africaner made no reply, but burst into tears. On the way, Africaner had abund- ant opportunity to hear what the In 1819- Moffat found it necessary Boers thought of him. Water being to go to the Cape for supplies. Real- scarce, it was frequently necessary to izing what a barrier to progress it stop at the farms, and everywhere was for Africaner to be an outlaw, Moffat met with a kindly reception. and knowing that the Governor had A report having been spread far and long desired to make peace with him, wide that he had been murdered by he asked the chief to go with him. Africaner, some would scarcely credit his identity. At one house, where At first he made no reply, but the farmer, a truly good man, had stood gazing at the missionary as if shown him much kindness on his way to make sure he was in his right

A TWICE-BORN BLACK MAN

up, a novel scene occurred, which is Africaner!' He started back, look- Moffat relates as follows: ing at him intently. 'Are you Afri- caner?' he asked. The chief arose, "The farmer, seeing a stranger, doffed his old hat, and making a pocame slowly down from the house to lite bow, answered, 'I am.' The farmmeet me. When within a few yards er seemed thunder-struck. iThen he I stretched out my hand. He put had assured himself, by a few queshis hand behind him and asked me, tions, that the former bugbear of the rather wildly, who I was. I replied border stood before him, meek and that I was Moffat, and exprest my lamblike, he lifted up his eyes and wonder that he had forgotten me. exclaimed, '0, God, what a miracle 'Moffat!' he rejoined, in a faltering of Thy power! what can not Thy voice, 'it iE your ghost l' and moved grace accomplish!'" some steps backward. 'Don't come near me ! You have been long mur- At Cape Town Africaner's arrival dered by Africaner.' 'But I am no created a sensation. Many found it ghost,' I said, feeling my hands to hard to believe that this meek and reassure him. But his alarm only in- docile black ma,n, whose Christlike creased. 'Everybody says you were character was apparent to all, was murdered; a man told me he had really the cruel and 1:iloodthirsty chief seen your bones'; and he continued of whose exploits they had heard for to gaze at me, to the astonishment of more than twenty years. His knowlhis wife and children, who stood at edge of the Scripture amazed every the door, and also of my people. one, and his New Testament, worn and thumbed by constant use, was an "At length he extended his tremb- object of very great interest. ling band, saying, 'When did you rise from the dead?' As he feared my Everywhere he was accorded the presence might alarm his wife, we kindest of treatment. The Governor moved toward the wagon, and I told not only fully pardoned him and gave him of the change in Africaner, say- him a passport to insure his safe reing, 'He is now a truly good man.' turn home, but expended the troo To this he replied, 'I can believe al- that had been set on his head, in purmost anything you say, but that I chasing a wagon and other gifts for can not credit; there are seven won- himself and his people. den; in the world, that would be the eighth.' By this time we were stand- On the way home an incident ocing with Africaner at our feet. The curred that shows how completely he farmer then said, 'If it is true, I had changed. At Tulbach, a woman, have only one wish, and that is to unable to forget the past, followed see him before I die; and when you him along the public street, heaping return, as sure as the sun is over us, abuse upon him and screaming at the T will go with you to see him, tho top of her voice. In the old days he killed my own uncle.' he would have struck her down dead, but now he bore her torrent of abuse "I was not aware of this fact, and without a word of protest. A large hesitated whether to disclose to him crowd, attracted by the noise, folthe object 'of his wonder; but know- lowed him to his wagon, but his only ing his sincerity, I said, 'This, then, word was, "This is hard to bear; but

it is part of my cross and I must was over between them, and they take it up." joined in a service of praise and prayer, kneeling at the same stool to As Mr. Campbell, who had re- offer their petitions. cently arrived from England with Dr. Philip, for a second tour of in- When Moffat took leave of Afrispection, insisted on Moffat's accom- caner it was with the hope of soon panying them, he could not return seeing him again. But it proved to be a with Africaner as he had planned. last farewell. Less than two years Nor did he ever again work at his after, in March, 1823, God called kraal, being assigned to another sta- the chief home. tion where it was hoped Africaner would join him. To the last he remained true to his Master. When the end was approach- Less than a year later, when the ing he called his people together and deputation was at Lattakoo (after- gave them wise words of counsel. ward Moffat's station), Africaner "My former life is stained with came, bringing some books and ar- blood," he said in closing, "but Jesus' ticles of furniture Moffat had bought Christ has pardoned me, and I am at the Cape and given into his care. going to heaven. Oh! beware of He had been very faithful to his falling into the same evils into which trust, and Moffat was rejoiced to see I have frequently led you; seek God his old friend. and He will be found of you to direct you." As Mr. Campbell was about to return to England, Africaner accom- Thus ended the career of this nopanied the party as far as Daniel's torious outlaw. Surely, he was a Kuil. Here he met his old foe, Berend twice-born man. Nothing less than a Berend, now like himself, a faithful rebirth by the Spirit of God could follower of Christ. All animosity have so changed him.

THE SINEWS OF WAR BY REV. SAMUEL M. ZWEMER, D.D.,F.R.G.S.

HERE is no doubt that Paul was right when he said: "The weapons of our warfare are not car- IITJ the great work of mis- nal," but, nevertheless, it is a Christian sions to which Christ warfare. The very terms we use in calls His Church is a speaking of missions prove it. The great Christian war- Forward Movement, an aggressive fare. Some have ob- campaign, recruits, reenforcements, jected that this figure of speech which the force in the field, the strategic depicts the "Christian hosts as an centers of activity-what do these army with banners making an on- words mean if they do not mean warslaught upon the besieged fortress of fare, and these words were not an heathenism" is out of harmony with invention, but a revelation. The first the life of Him whom the angels promise to the human race was a heralded as the Prince of Peace. promise of war; "I will set enmity There is no doubt that the Apostle

VIEWS OF MISSIONS. ,,yHrCH IS YOURS?

VIEW ~ .~ No.1 /.c. u.s.

~ "Jerusalem and In all Judea and in Samaria."

"The uttermost parts of the Earth."

"Go ye Into ALL THE WORLD and preach the Go~vel to every creature" From The Missiv"..ry Surve;;.

between the seed of the woman and nant, but rampant; Buddhism and thy seed," and this warfare between Islam are aggressive and the nonthe powers of darkness and the pow- Christian faiths are doing their utmost ers of light has been going on ever to fight Christianity with its own since. We wrestle not against flesh weapons. Compromise has never yet and blood, but against the principali- won the day; but where the banner ties and powers of this world-dark- of the Cross has been displayed, there ness, against spiritual wickedness. have been unconditional surrenders Weare told to fight the good fight and glorious victories. The work of of faith, to put on the whole armor of missions is a Christian warfare. We God, and Jesus Christ Himself as- know it from the vision of victory sured us that for this purpose was which John the Apostle saw on Patthe Son of God manifested-that He mos: "And I saw the heavens opened; might destroy the works of the devil. and beheld a white horse, and he that "I come not to send peace on the sat thereon, called Faithful and True, earth, but a sword." Charles Kings- and in righteousness he doth judge ley felt it when he wrote: and make war: And his eyes are a flame of fire and upon his head are God! fight we not within a cursed world, many diadems, and he hath a name Whose very air teems thick with leagued written which no one knoweth but he himself. And he is arrayed in a fiends? garment sprinkled with blood, and his Each word we speak has infinite effects; name is called the Word of God. And Each soul we pass must go to heaven or the armies which are in heaven fol- lowed him upon white horses." It hell- was Bishop Heber who interpreted And this our one chance through eternity that great vision in the greatest of our To drop and die like dead leaves in the missionary hymns-"The Son of God Goes Forth to War." brake! Be earnest, earnest, earnest; mad if thou If missions is a great warfare, and a warfare to the finish, then this great wilt. work to which Christ calls His church Do what thou dost as if the stake were is a work of MEN. The only woman killed in the battle of Gettysburg was heaven Jennie Vade. In a little brick honse, And this thy last deed ere the judgment on the last day of the battle, while preparing to bake bread, she was day. struck by a sharpshooter's bullet. Warfare is a man's work. Even The very hymns we sing, unless among pagans and Moslems the brunt they stand for mere sentiment, are a of the battle has always been borne proof that missions is a warfare: by men and not by women. The Mo- "Onward, Christian Soldiers," "Fight hammedan religion was spread over the good Fight," "Stand Up, Stand three continents within a single cen- Up for Jesus, Ye Soldiers of the tury by the energy and enterprise of Cross," "Am I a Soldier of the Mohammedan warriors and preachers. Cross?" and all the other hymns of the Church militant as sung in the battle of the ages.

Missions is a warfare because of present conditions on the foreign field. The non-Christian religions are drawn up in battle array for the Armageddon of God; Hinduism is no longer stag-

THE SINEWS OF WAR

There were no women's missionary The greatest obstacles to the evansocieties among the Moslems. Shame gelization of the world are not in on us, Christian brethren, if in this Asia and Africa, but they are at warfare for Christ we put the burden home. The present crisis of opporof the conflict and the bulk of the tunity in every Eastern land is a chalbudget on the women of our churches. lenge to our liberality and a trumpet Yet, has it not been true in many places that the women's boards and call to sacrifice and service. "The the women's societies and the women Son of God goes forth to war, who missionaries have outnumbered the follows in His train?" It is the same men and their work? Is there not clear note that rang out on Olivet: some truth ill the parody of the poet: "Go ye unto all the world and preach the gospel." That word was spoken rn the world's hroad field of battle, in to a company of MEN. It was a call to manly heroism, to manly deter- the bivuac of life, mination, to manly enterprise and con- You will find the Christian soldier rep- secration by the Son of Man Himself, who said: "Even as the Father has resented by his wife. sent me, so do I send you."

The women have been moving for- The forward movement in the early ward for the last five decades. They Church was a forward movement of have organized their forces and are men. James and John, Peter and now waiting for the laymen to bring Andrew, Paul and Silas, Barnabas up the reserves. There have been men and Mark, Epaphroditus and Titus, who, through faith and zeal and con- were the leaders of the Laymen's Missecration, have done great things for sionary Movement. When John the the Kingdom, but they have been con- Apostle was too old to mingle in the spicuous because of their fewness. conflict, he said: "I have written unto One-tenth of the men in the Church you, young men, because ye are have been doing nine-tenths of the strong." work. We need a forward movement along the whole line. Mission work Joses Barnabas Jived at Cyprus, is a man's work, a Christian man's forty-five miles from the base of operwork, and every Christian man has a ations, when the forward movement definite right to his share of the for foreign missions first began to "white man's burden." There has go away from Jerusalem. He owned been much talk about a forward move- land, and was probably wealthy, altho ment in many of the churches, yet in a Levite. There was no law or social very few places has this forward regulation enjoining communism, but movement been so rapid as to be in in the excess of his goodness he cared danger of arrest on the highway of not for precedent. He had faith in God for exceeding the speed limit. The the enterprise and, being a landowner, fact is, we have not begun to use knew values. Being full of the Holy the high gear or to mobilize all our Ghost he knew enthusiasm as well. forces. The reserves at our disposal, So he sold his land and brought his of men and money, of faith and prayer money and laid it at the apostle's feet. and sacrifice, remain practically un- (Afterward he became his own mistouched. sionary and had a parish in Asia.)

Barnabas stuck to the for- feel a sense of personal responsibility ward movement all his days. In I to fulfil the last command of Christ 'Cor. 9 :6, Paul mentions him and im- there will be no lack of the sinews plies that he was still at work, un- of war. Forty years ago Dr. Cham- mal ried, and toiling with his own bers preached a missionary sermon in hands. But he could not have missed one of the New York churches on a his farm much, for tradition relates rainy Sabbath, when there was only that "he became Bishop of Milan, one man in the audience. He made preached in Rome, converted Clement, an appeal for the payment of the de- and died a martyr in Cyprus." He ficit of the Dutch Reformed Board.

was a man who esteemed the interests That deficit amounted to $55,000, and of the cause greater than his personal $11,000 were needed immediately to interests. Who follows in his train? meet the crisis. The smallness of the The problem of missions to-day is audience did not hinder God's Spirit not a problem of generalship or stra- from working through the preacher.

tegic position, but of the sinews of Before he went to bed that night there war. We need to recall the words of . was a ring at the door, and Mr. War- that old warrior, David: "As his part ren Ackerman announced himself as is that goeth down to battle, so shall the only man who had heard the ser- his part be that tarrieth by the stuff. mon on personal responsibility that They shall part alike." We expect morning. He drew out his check-book from our missionaries obedience, sac- and began to write. Dr. Chambers rifice, vigilance, and absolute faith- watched him with much anxiety as he fulness to their task. Every criticism wrote. You can imagine his delight of missions which we hear is an in- when 'vVarren Ackerman filled it in direct tribute to the high ideals we for $11,000. "I could not sleep that have formed of the missionary's task. night," said Dr. Chambers, "for very If we expect so much from them, have joy, but early in the morning there they not a right to expect the same was a ring at the door, and there stood from us-equal obedience to the com- Mr. Ackerman, asking me to return mand of our great Captain-some- the check which he had given me the thing of the same spirit of sacrifice previous night. Sitting down, he took and up-to-date knowledge of the facts his check-book and put the figures 5 of missions, to prove our real interest and a second 5." "Now," said Dr.

and a wrestling for victory, as those Chambers, "I know he is coming back who have given their whole lives to because he feels he has given too much the work? and is giving one-half of the total "Are you a1!ured by peace and velvet amount needed." But when the check ease was filled in the amount was $55,000, The chance is yours to seek them the largest single gift ever received by our Board. In such fashion does should you please. a sense of personal responsibility They tempt me not while these my enable men to do exceeding abun- brother men, Crawl up the stairs of pain on bleed- knees. dantly above all that they are able to If once the laymen in our churches ask or think for the Kingdom of God. A MISSION HOUSE AT LAKE HARBO R, BAFFIN'S LAND ITINERATING IN THE ARCTICS BY ARCHIBALD L. FLEMING, LAKE HARBOR, BAFFIN'S LAND HE Eskimo had left the consider himself fortunate if he does not have to harness himself to the mT llission station and sled and do some continuous hauling. s.cattered themselves in Ii ttIe hamlets along the If there has been a heavy fall of northern shores of snow during the night, one man must lIuclson's Strait, so on walk ahead of the team and "break January 2 I st we started on our first trail" by tramping down the snow. missionary journey. This is hard and hot work, even with the thermometer registering sixty to Many imagine that traveling by eighty degrees of frost. When a sled and dog-team is as easy and keen Arctic wind has to be faced pleasant as to go for a drive at home, the reader can perhaps imagine what and that all one requires is to mount on it is like. a comfortable seat, well wrapt in furs, crack a long whip, while the dogs dash vVe rose at 6 A.M ., while the land over snow and ice at the speed of still lay shrouded in darkness, loaded ten miles an haUL In Baffin Land the kumotik (sled), and lasht on the however, or wherever the sea or great boxes with strong thongs to keep stretches of uninhabited country have them in place. The dogs were harto be crossed, the process is very dif- nessed to the traces, and after a few ferent. preliminary cracks of the whip, 25 to 27 feet in length, and shouting to Whenever the snow is unusually the team, we started off down the hill. soft or where a drift or ground ice has to be passed over, one must not At the ground ice all hands had to only get off the sled, but push hard push and shove to get the sled over behind to help the team, and then the rough, jagged ridges, some of which were several feet high and per- a splendid view of the encampment pendicular. called Aulatsevik.

At last we gained the level ice on It was our first glimpse of an Esthe sea, and were soon traveling kimo winter village, and one which along at a fair speed. The team was we shall not soon forget. As we apsmall, but the ice was in splendid con- proached the nearest igloo (snowdition. house), we were met by a pack of dogs, who gave us a noisy welcome. The wind was blowing slightly from Soon the people came running out the north and driving the snow eager to shake hands. It was a slow before it. As we traveled along our process getting round them all, but solitary way there was riot a single by the time we had done so the sign of life except once when a large kumotik was unloaded. raven, with his hoarse croak, passed us in his black, mourninglike coat, Our igloo had been built for us, but which only tended to deepen the feel- had not yet been heated to get a ing with which even the air seemed coating of ice on the walls inside, so to be laden-Desolation. There was that meant a cold night for us. Three something indescribably impressive in women sewed together some old the scene before us. The whole land sacks, and these were pegged up was sheeted in purity, but ever and under the roof in the hope that they anon the scene was changed. would help to keep off the dripping snow. Sometimes we traveled near to the shore, at other times when crossing Some straw which we had brought bays we were far from land. Now with us from an old packing case, we would pass close to some large was laid out, and on top of that iceberg raising its high pinac1es ma- we had one deerskin and our sleepingjestically above the frozen sea, or bag. A koodlil (stone lamp) ~as again, we would skirt some island lighted, and when our impedimenta completely enveloped in its blanket of had been brought in our mansion was snow and its frills of ice. We jour- ready. We surveyed the place with a neyed on our way with only the pe- mixture of feeling. Certainly many culiar rustling of the snow or the horses at home are better housed than occasional bark or snarl from one or we were but that was only the beginother of our team to break the death- ning. Worse was to follow. like silence of these Arctic wilds. Our first food at Aulatsevik was Suddenly, as we rounded a point seal meat stewed in a dirty, old, greasy of land projecting out from the rest, can by one of the Eskimo. But we we noticed on top of a small hill a were very hungry after the long jourtall stone, standing upright, and knew ney, and doubtless that helped it to that our journey was nearly at an go down, for as an old highland shepend. At each encampment such a herd in Scotland once told me, "Hunstone or pile of stones is erected as a ger's guid kitchen." guide to travelers. After this frugal meal we visited In a short time we reached the some of our old friends, who were desummit of the small range of hills lighted to see us and thanked us for forming the coast line, where we had coming.

I2 ] ITINERATING IN THE ARCTICS

On our return we watched the men which must have been built with this and boys playing their games. It was object in view. When the service began a queer sight to see them in the pale the igloo was crowded. It held some 50 moonlight. The boys, like the men, adults, not to mention a dozen or more drest in their thick double reindeer babies in their mothers' hoods. Besuits, looked like balls of fur as they sides those in the igloo proper, a numran and tumbled about in the snow. ber had packed themselves into the sookso (porch). The night was advancing, so we INTERIOR OF AN ESKIMO HOU~E IN WHICH THE ~]SSIONARIES LIVED reluctantly withdrew, and on our way A snowhouse is not intended for back passed several young women sit- this sort of thing, and the presence of ting huddled together in the snow so many raised the temperature very singing hymns from their one hymn- considerably, while the atmosphere bebook. They were learning the words came oppressive and the walls dript from the book by the light of the moon. badly. All joined heartily in the singing tho not always following the Owing to the cold and damp we same tune or key. The attention to found it almost impossible to sleep, but the sermon left nothing to be desired. managed a few broken hours between times. In the evening we were treated to a heavy snowstorm, with a cutting On the following morning (Sun- wind, so that no service could be held. day) breakfast was served "table d'hote" and consisted of a cup of cof- One interesting feature of the work fee and biscuit. Dinner was better, at Aulatsevik was the school work since we had stewed venison (rein- among the children. It was a real joy deer) and a plateful of corn flour. to hear them sing simple hyrllos such as "Jesus Loves Me," and repeat texts Service was held in the largest igloo,

from Scripture in their own tongue. dwellings as paying guests of the Es- Before we left most of the children kimos for over two months, since, ow- could sing from memory a number of ing to the poor condition of the dogs, hymns, repeat not a few texts, and we could not get a team sufficient to knew the syllabic characters and also take us farther. Owing to the scarcity the numerals. A few of the older ones of food, and consequently of blubber, could even read and write a little, but we could not expect to get sufficient this was due to the hearty cooperation blubber for an additional lamp; as it of their parents, who were themselves was, the lamps were only lighted when only learning. The Eskimo children cooking had to be done or snow melted are delightfully natural, yet in spite of for water. Ruskin said that he feared having been brought up on practically nothing "except only draughts and nothing else but raw flesh, we found ugly people," but had he lived with that "a strippet bi" has as much at- the Eskimo he would have required traction for them as for any gutter to get used to both, and in addition bairn in one of our large cities at home. might have found his friends decidedly While at Aulatsevik we were greatly odoriferous.

imp rest with the phenomena to be seen We shall not attempt to describe an in these northern skies, and the words igloo in which an Eskimo family live, of the Psalmist came home with new save to say that one meets with dirt power. "The heavens declare the glory and grease galore. The sights and of God; and the firmament showeth sounds are excruciating, while the His handiwork." As we gazed in fcetid smeIls most surely outrival those wrapt amazement into the star- of traditional Cologne. Even such a spangled heavens above and watched famous Arctic explorer as Commodore the glorious and ever-changing Aurora Peary, when speaking of these dwell- Borealis, we could not but feel within ings, says: "A night in one of these our soul the deepest sense of awe. Nor igloos, with a family at home, is an was this lessened, but rather intensi- offense to every civilized sense." He fied, when we remembered that Ar- is right, but we wonder how our hero rhenius had declared that the phe- of the North Pole would enjoy over nomena of a Crookes Tube and of the two months under these conditions in- Aurora Borealis are in reality the stead of one night.

same. We can not say what we would have We returned to the st'ation from ~one had our coal supply been ade- Aulatsevik on February 21st to get quate to our needs, but as it was, we new supplies before setting out on a were simply driven from the station trip down the Strait in order to visit owing to lack of fuel, as we found it the outlying encampments to the east quite impossible to live in rooms where of Aulatsevik. the temperature was sometimes as low On March IOth we left for Kingnak- as 15.5 degrees below zero.

juak, which was the nearest encamp- The greatest strain was brought ment beyond Aulatsevik, and arrived upon us at Kinguckjuak-not because there safely after a very cold journey. the people were dirty and degraded so At this place we had to live a most much as because they were practically primitive life in these extemporized starving from time to time while we

IN THE ARCTICS 50

were with them. Consider what a sophisticated sort of individual. If a missionary's feelings are when num- plate must be cleaned he considers his bers of starving natives follow him tongue as good an instrument for the everywhere and perpetually beg for work as any southern invention. Infood. He sickens with the 1ee1ing of deed, he thinks it was made for that utter helplessness which seizes him very purpose, and a few licks does the and which he finds hard to shake off. work. Combine with this the fact that he is Our cooking had to be done over a PART OF A MISSIONAIU""S ESKIMO AUDIENCE living in perhaps the most unconge- koodlil in which seal' or walrus blubnial and austere environment possible and you will realize something of our ber takes the place of oil, and dried need. Most gladly and willingly would we have helped them more than moss from the hills acts as wick. We we did had that been possible. Our stores were all too scanty, and we lived on the one course system genhave the coming winter to face and no supplies will reach us until next erally, and biscuit and coffee formed summer. The dogs died from starvation in great numbers, while the our staple diet. We obtained such people sometimes had only one meal in two days. It was a hard time for luxuries from time to time as seal, both man and beast. walrus, wolf, polar bear, white whale, By living with the Eskimo we had to put up with much that was not pleas- reindeer, etc., and even a plate of ant. The Eskimo is a charmingly un- ground rice or corn flour occasionally.

Commodore Peary states that "walrus and seal meat are valuable for dog food, but a white man does not usually care to eat any of these- unless he is nearly starving."

We had seal more than any other meat, but whatever it was, it was al-

wa::vs stewed, as there seemed no other guckjuak. On several occasions we way of cooking it over a primitive went seal and walrus hunting with the stone lamp. Our stew pot was a men in the hope of getting some worthy invention. It was an old boiled photographs. The igloo was raided by beef can with a piece of wire for a the dogs during the "sma' 'oars 0' the handle and a piec'2 of wood for a lid. mornin," and when at last darkness This idea worked splendidly, only we gave place to light there was hardly a did feel selfish at times and longed scrap of meat or blubber to be found. for something other than stew or cof- Even the blubber in the koodlil had fee and biscuit; quite often we were been licked up. This little escapade glad to have even that. cost one dog its life, and the poor brute's dying moans did not help us In spite of all this the two months to sleep after the excitement of fightspent at Kinguckjuak were most bene- ing the animals out of the dwelling. ficial to us in some ways. By living with the Eskimos for such a period Again, one morning after a blizzard we were able to understand him as he we awoke to find the whole encampreally is, arid in a way which we think ment completely buried in snow. We would IJe quite impossible without such dug ourselves out and enjoyed the an experience. luxury of stairs from our igloo up to the outer world. At the igloo in which We began to see things through we were staying the snow lay some Eskimo eyes, and with that came a tKO feet above the top of the roof, but deepening of the intolerable craving some of the other igloos had several to win them to the Savior. There is feet of snow overhead. an inscrutable, venerable mystery in even the meanest and most degraded On another occasion a thaw sel in, of these people, and one gets to really and without warning the roof collove them. lapsed. Again, a number of Eskimo from further down the Straits arrived As we studied the Eskimos under weary and hungry, having been adrift easy, natural conditions, we seemed in the Straits for several days on a to see as Carlyle would say, "A small large pan of ice. After over two light shining and shaping in a vortex months we returned to the station. of Eskimo darkness." Yet the darkness itself is alive. It is the eager, in- In closing this short account of the articulate, uninstructed mind of these work which is being done for God and people longing to become articulate, to His Christ in the Arctics, may we go on articulating ever after. The sav- plead as did Saint Paul of old, "Brething of the first good seed, and the ren, pray for us." careful uprooting of the weeds are essential, and tho little result may as "La! through ice and S110W we pass yet be seen, it is not lost. One poor soul for Christ to gain. Gladly we bear want or distress We had many exciting times at Kin- To set forth the Lamb once slain."

PRESBYTER ] AN ACADEMY AT PYENG YANG

STIRRING LETTERS FROM KOREA THE JAPANESE ARREST OF KOREAN CHRISTIANS EDITORIAL I1IJT mayor may not have disadvantages have come from the been to the advantage continuance of military occupation and of Korea that she was government. Ever since the lament- swallowed up by Japan. able assassination of Marquis Ito, the The little peninsula was Japanese have been suspicious of every . in an unenviable posi- Korean native organization. It is not tion–too weak to defend herself and surprizing that the Koreans do not maintain her independence, and certain love their conquerors, but the Japanese to be confiscated by either Russia or have not 'taken steps to win their love Japan. Without doubt, it was to the or gain their confidence and cooperaadvantage of Korea's material and tion. The Koreans are naturally a spiritual progress that the progressive peace-loving people, and might with Japanese rather than the medieval patience and tact be brought into Russians should be in control. Kore- friendly relations with the Japanese, ans have, however, suffered much in but they are not cowardly or spiritless, the trans fer. Her princes have been and harsh measures are calculated to deposed, her property appropriated, strengthen their antagonism. her people ill-treated, and her national rights and customs disregarded. The missionaries have been in a delicate position. Their position as The advent of Japanese rule has, ambassadors, of Christ has kept them at the same time, brought advantages. out of local politics, and as American The laws have been systematized, or- and British citizens they have refused der maintained, courts of justice es- to meddle in the Korean-Japanese imtablished, schools developed, railways broilio. But thousancls of Koreans are built, and material conditions im- in their Christian schools and churches, proved in many other ways. The chief and the ties of affection are very

strong.. It is difficult for missionaries doubt as to the unreasonably harsh to see pupils, wards, friends ill-treated methods employed by Japanese auand misunderstood, without making thorities. There is no evidence li1at any effort to help them. What shall a they have desired to persecute the man do as a man when he sees a help- Christians as such, but are naturally less woman insulted by a soldier, or a suspicious of the more intelligent, in- Korean man assaulted by a Japanese dependent classes of which these in the street? Such cases were frequent Christians are composed. They also in the early days of occupation. They look with critical eyes on the schools are less frequent now. and churches under missionary con- trol, and, without cause, consider them The Japanese are apparently nerv- hot-beds of treason. We quote fron; ous and suspicious, and often take recent letters which give a graphic steps to put down imaginary sedition view of the unhappy situation and rein a way that makes them a laughing veal the indignities to which foreignstock before the enlightened public. ers are subjected, and the sufferings Some time ago a poster announced a of Koreans. meeting in the Seoul Y. M. C. A., under the title: Arrests at Syen Chun Love Your Enemies The Christians have been very happy over the academy in Syen Chun The Japanese smeIled sedition and and the splendid work it was doing, demanded that the offensive notices be but last October, to the great surprize withdrawn. Korean copies of the Gos- of the missionaries, four boys were pel of St. Mark were printed and dis- arrested. A little later the academy tributed all over the land. 'Nord went teachers, several teachers of the lower out among the Japanese that thousands schools for boys, and about a dozen of seditious pamphlets were being sent more academy students were arrested. out by the Korean Christians. It is At first the missionaries did 110t know suggested, and not without reason, that the cause for these arrests. Then they the Japanese military authorities desire heard that the Japanese suspected a to remain in control in Korea, and in plot to kill the Governor-General as order to do this, mnst show that there he passed through Syen Chun on his is still cause for keeping a strong hand way to open the new bridge at Sin on the country. Therefore, if there Eui Ju. The missionaries, howis not good evidence of Korean un- ever, were so certain that the men rest and sedition, they must manufac- and boys arrested were innocent of ture some. This "vill perhaps account, any serious offense that they expected in part, for the strange actions of the them back soon. After six months government recently in causing the ar- they are still in prison. The missionrest, imprisonment, and we fear, tor- aries struggled along trying to keep ture, of Christians and others in the the school going after the teachers effort to discover a plot to assassinate were taken, and even upper class acathe Governor-General. demy boys were set to teaching in the lower schools. One foreign pastor Many letters have been received at a time was taken from the country from American and British subjects in Korea, which leave no room for

LETTERS FROM

work to do Bible teaching, and several ber, but they worried her into saying worked themselves ill. Instead of pcrhaps that he was at such and such a prisoners being released, there have place, and when they asked him and he been more arrests and the school has gave a different answer, back they been closed. came to her.

Most of the arrests made in North The Charges Korea have been of Christians-leading men- those who are educated and There seem to be three charges have ability. The Koreans began to against the Christian men and boys: say, "It seems to be a sign of re- ( I) That there was a plot .to kill the spectability to be put in prison!" Governor-General as he passed Among those arrested in Syen Chun through Syen Chun on the train; (2) are the Korean pastor of the North .KI!;V. G. S. Me CUNE AND KOREAN n:ACH ERS OF SYJ::N CHUN) SOME Oi" WHOM WERE ;RRESTED HY TH E JAP AN E SE Chu rch-an elde r, and another chu rch money was being raised anel plans officer from the same church. These were made to send a man over into three, with a fme young graduate of :'IIanchuria to teach something; (3) the academy were arrested about two the only orphan asy lum in Korea is weeks before Christmas. A deacon of in Syen Chun , and, under the name th e South Ch urch was taken two days of this asylum, money was being raised a fter Chri stmas. There have also from questionabl e sources and for bad been arrests made from country work. The missionaries know of no churches. These include many church plot against the Governor-General, but officers and two ordained pastors. The the Japanese believe that there was, police kept coming to the wife of Pas- and were frig htened into foolishness. tor Chai, who was arrested, and say- The day the Governor-General came ing. "where was your husband on sllch through to Seoul, all the missionand such a date?" She did not reme111- school boys were ordered to go and

make their bow to him at the station. thing about them. They turned out "'hen they reached there the police to be spies, and the Japanese assumed searched their pockets and took their that they were dismissed because they knives away. When the tiny primary were spies.

boys arrived and tumbled into line, all The Christian teachers have lain in out of breath, even their little pockets prison for over six months, while the were searched and their little knives police are trying to discover some plot.

were taken away. What would be the And lying in prison is not all. There psychological effect of such a per- are many explicit tales of torture formance on the young mind? which the Japanese are using to force "confessions" fro111 prisoners. liis- 2. As to charge number two, some sionaries are forced to believe that money was raised to send a rnissionary these stories are true. Not only has to the Koreans in lfanchuria. There the preliminary examinaton, which the are men over there who would, no law requires shall take place within doubt, be glad to fight for the indepen- four days, even for a Korean, been dence of Korea-and the Japanese postponed for months, but the word look with suspicion even upon any has come that some of the men have movement to send them the Gospel. suffered much. One teacher, a regu- lar old wrestler in prayer-a man so 3. As to the orphan asylum, Dr. filled with the Holy Spirit that he is a Moffett explained to the Japanese au- power for good wherever he is-was thorities that he himself brought the examined and released in one week first money for it from some Christian but another good man was confinc(l Koreans who had seen such asylums in for several weeks without examina- America, and thought it would be a tion. The son of Pastor Keel, the good thing to start one in Korea. Syen blind pastor of the great Pyeng Chun was chosen as a location because Yang Church, was one of the teachers it is such a quiet, country place. Yang arrested. He is a fine, handsome fel- Moksa, the pastor of the North low, but not strong, and would not be Church, was in charge of this asylum. able to stand long confinement or tor- He had also been getting a passport ture. A deacon of the church in Pyeng to go to Vladivostock to look after Yang died in prison. Another man the mission church work there, and was taken from the prison to the misreturn. He was arrested for "com- sion hospital, where he died of heart plicity in a certain affair." failure. It is suspected that the tor- ture he had undergone and the hard- The Japanese complain that the ships suffered caused his death. sch,ol boys have been known to pray that Korea might some day be free again. Two Korean boys entereu the academy as students. They were dis- Evidence of Torture missed because they were not desir- able boys for the school. From the There is good reason to believe that rakish cap worn on freakishly-cut hair, torture is usee!. One man-not a the dainty little dancing girls' slippers Christian-told one of the mission- that flap-flapped from the feet, there aries that he escaped with his life when was not one straight, honest, manly he made up his mind he could not

I9 12 J STIRRING LETTERS FROM

stand any more torture. One morning come out in the summer clothes he when he saw them getting ready to wore when arrested. He told the mistorture him again, he said, "Stop; you sionary that he was the son of a Chrisdo not need to do that, for I have tian who has been a helper to a misdecided to say whatever you want me sionary of another mission. His father to. I can not give you another bit of has been banished from the country true witness, for IOvery bit that I know and the boy said he did not know what I have already told you. Anythin& he had been in prison for. But he more that comes fr0111 my lips now told the missionary about a man, a will be lies-but you want lies, so I relative, who after his examination will tell them. I can not die again- was brought into the same prison seven times you have killed me dead, where he was. He said this man's and seven times I have come to life hands were so scarred and sore from again, and I can not stand any more." burning that he could not use them, (Koreans speak of fainting as dying.) and had to be fed for two weeks. They began to question him and he would answer: "I did-that is lie The Missionaries' Statement number one. I did-and that IS lie number two. I did-and that is lie At first the missionaries would not number three." They soon stopt. believe the things they heard, but so' Later he was sent before the procura- many instances were related from retor, who said, "What about all these liable sources that they could no longer things you have testified to?" "Oh," refuse to believe. Several missionaries said he, "those are all lies. I told the went to Seoul and sent in to the officers at the time they were lies- Governor-General a carefully prepared but they had killed me seven times." statement of the case and a request The procurator sent him back and they for a hearing. We waited long, but began to bat him around and get ready the Governor-General evidently did for the torture again. "As soon as not wish to discuss the matter. The he could get their attention he called American consul refuses to "give credout, "Stop! you do not need to do that. ence to every rumor." The Koreans I wiII do anything you tell me to; I say that it is noticeable that where will say anything you want me to. Of they arrest heathen it is the better and course, it will alI be lies, just as before, more influential of the heathen even but I can tell lies." They decided they that are taken. One good Christian could do nothing with him-left him man remarked: "If it only were outin prison a few days and then told him right persecution because of our reto clear out, which he promptly did. ligion it would be easier to stand." It Other cases could be cited to show that is hard to see such good men taken, torture is used. but after alI, they are the ones best able to endure-the ones whose faith One missionary met a young boy of is firm and strong and wiII not fail. about seventeen who had just come Mr. McCune, while in Seoul, obtained out of the prison in Seolll and had a pass which admitted him to all the run into an inn near to warm himself. prisons except the one where the ex- It was winter and he had been in aminations are made. He found Pastor prison four and a half months, and Yang and Elder An in a brick prison which is warmed so that they were

comfortable, their examinations not Last summer, on the first anniver- having begun. Pastor Yang asked for sary of the annexation of the country an Old Testament which he was al- the Japanese made a holiday and called lowed to have, and said he was going all the school boys out to celebrate the to use this leisure in getting out ser- happy event, and made them yell mons. He also found opportunities "Banzai!" If they would leave them to witness as the heathen Koreans alone the boys might gradually learn around that prison gather about him to love and trust their new rulers. The to listen to Bible stories. Pastor Chai Japanese attempt to keep the people also bore good witness-with his two ignorant of Korean history, and forbid hands chained so close together that the use of certain books in the schools, he has to lift both to his face when he For instance, one is forbidden because eats. of its suggestive, according to the Ja- The wives and mothers of the men are bearing this trouble like real Chris- panese, story about the ants, who, tho tians. When Pastor Yang and the a little people, can do great things bethree other men were taken to Seoul cause they unite. They also supprest their wives were not allowed to go that hymn, "I Am an Ambassador for near or speak to them. The poor pas- the King." Missionaries receive magator's face was puffy with cold, and he zines from America with articles clipt looked as tho he had shivered sleepless out, and there are other evidences that through the two nights he had been in letters are tampered with. the local prison. But the brave, undaunted spirit of the man stood up in Pray for the Korean Christians his eyes as he said: "I have no anxi- and for the missionaries and their ety." The wives, mothers, and sisters many problems. The lower boys' were weeping as tho their dear ones schools in Syen Chun could not be had been carried away dead, but they opened because there were no teachers. said : "We trust God. How could we stand it otherwise?" The father Another letter reads as follows: of one boy, however, held up his hand After December 27th there was a in' a meeting of Koreans and vowed period of quiet until January 13th, that if anything happened to his boy when a party, including the man behe would kill Mr. McCune. fore whom the men .will finally be tried, went to Syen Chun and caused Not long ago the magistrate of Syen a little uneasiness by their presence in Chun made a visit to the Governor of town. Monday morning, after breakthe province, and on his return told a fast, gendarmes were stationed in group of men, two Christians being front of each of the missionary houses among them, that the Governor asked to prevent them passing from house him how things are in Syen Chun and to house for two hours and a half. he had replied, "Ask the missionarie~, During that time the officers seal ched The magistrate in Syen Chun has very the McCune house and made a slight little power. All the people are Chris- search in the Roberts house. They, of tians." A policeman complained that course, found nothing, and went up the Church has too much power and on the hill and looked it over carefully. that it must be curtailed. The next morning they came again and spent half'a day, digging here and there over the hill and in the orchards

LETTERS FROM KOREA

and gardens of the Sharrocks, Roberts' to prod them into patnotIc demoncompounds. They did not say what strations. If Korean Christians have they were seeking. One of the officers not been law-abiding, it has been only apologized for having made the mis- in the matter of such required patriotic sionaries ashamed. A Seoul newspa- demonstrations. One year from the per about that time published a foolish annexation of Korea, Japan wanted story that 80 academy boys had a the Koreans to join them in a celebrameeting on the hill, at which they drew tion of the event. Pastor Yang, who up a paper pledging themselves to kill is now in Seoul in prison, was asked the Governor-General. After signing to help in getting the people to join in this paper, the article said, the boys thi:;. He replied that he would give buried it with ceremony. Perhaps the fifty cents toward the feast, but till police were digging for that paper ami he died he would not participate. They hunting for the revolver with which have wine and drink, and Mr. McCune the deed was to be done. hurried the school-boys home from the Emperor's birthday celebration-" The Japanese Answer to get them away fr0111 the solicitations of bad women they met coming away. The Governor-General prepared a Did Pastor Yang do wrong? He would paper which was read to the mission- have had a hard time leading his people aries to the effect that there was a into the celebration. conspiracy, or if not an actual conspiracy, the spirit of one, and that the Another thing that was hard for the Christian teachers had not been teach- Christians was that in celebrating the ing the boys to be obedient citizens. Emperor's birthday they are orderdl He denies that torture is used, but to bow before a picture of the Emmore and more evidence comes out to peror, or at least toward the east, prove that there is evidence enough to where he resides. The Koreans said convince any candid person. :lIany Ko- this savored of idolatry and wished to reans have suffered at one time or an- refuse. Some did refuse; some were other, so that these things can not be compelled to do it, and in one place hushed up any longer. It was reported they solved the problem by sending a that several Syen Chun Academy boys heathen to represent them and bow. had been found innocent, but they have not been released, neither have the Another correspondent writes: teachers who were taken three months The Korean Church is going ago. It seems that the torture is such through deep waters, especially up at as to produce the maximum of pain and Syen Chun, where 90 per cent. of the fright without leaving marks upon the people are Christians. The Japanese body. They order the men to never have arrested, without any formal tell what happened. charge, put 70 Christians in prison, including three ordained Presbyterian The time has come when those who pastors. One of these is known to the know can keep quiet no longer. If heathen as "bone of Jesus Christ." only Japan understood the Koreans They say he is only Jesus, he has no better! If she were content with their body, it is all Jesus, for if any Koobeying the laws and would let their rean comes to him on any business poor feelings alone, instead of trying whatever, he preaches Jesus to them

and tells them his body only lasts tians have been arrested, brought to such a short time in comparison to Seoul, and imprisoned. No reason has eternity. Pastor Chai has been put been assigned for this action save the in prison because he would not tell general allegation that a widespread his people to bow down to the picture conspiracy is on foot against the life of the Emperor on November 3n1. of the Governor-General of Korea and other prominent officials. Unreasonable Suspicion Japanese, and the Korean Church Another Korean, called praying Harng, a student, was in the prayer The actual cause of this persecution meeting and spoke, saying God had may be the desire of the Japanese Govbeen speaking to him, telling him he ernment to gain control of the Korean did not love the Japanese as he should, Church. Last summer an attempt was so he asked the people to pray, and he made to compas:. this object-the bowed himself down to the ground, Japanese Y. M. C. A. invited many and in great agony he prayed with Korean native pastors to visit Japan' tears and sobs. After a great while and its churches-many were reluctant he got the victory and arose rejoicing, and were constrained to accede by the saying God had put His love in his police, and while in that country the heart for the Japanese. The next clay proposal was made for them to place this man was arrested and is now the Korean Church under the Chrisin prison for not loving the Japanese. tian Church of Japan, withdrawing it A spy must have been in the meeting. from the American Church. Their answer was, "The Church of Korea One of the pastors who was preach- is under no church, but is self-supporting about the Kingdom of God was ing, and why should it be placed under arrested and put in prison because he any church?" The government is said did not preach about the Kingdom of to have been back of the Y. M. C. A. Japan. The Japanese officials in the invitation, and to have paid all excountry districts are so ignorant that penses. The real trouble doubtless is they make many mistakes and deal that the practical deification of the very unjustly with these people. These Emperor of Japan, and the deity of prisoners are being examined by tor- Jesus Christ are not compatible, and ture, and one has died; another was there must be conflict. The only real sent out to die, because they did not help in this time of trouble can come want him to die in prison. from God, through prayer. Pray earn- estly that God will glorify Himself in Pray for these men and for the Korea, by giving all His people here Japanese also, that God may touch grace to truly know, and fully to do their hearts, and that they may learn His blest will." better things and may know that the Gospel of Jesus Christ is a message of The sooner Japanese military rule peace and good-will to men. is replaced by civil government in Ko- rea the better it will be for Korea and Here is another testimony: for Japan. "It is a good time to pray for Korea. Over 100 Presbyterian native Chris-

'THE CALL OF THE LUMBER-JACK A WESTERN LU~lBER-JACK A1'

BY REV. eliAS. A. BOWEN, A.M., PIl.D., OLYMPIA, WASHINGTON m.S CENE ONE.-Night in about. Billy had got sick. Taken to early January. Preach- the hospital thirty miles in from camp. 'vVaited too long. Operation fatal. In illg and singing on the Finland was Billy'S mother, who had been left a widow with four sons, of . street corner. Speaker's , . .~ subject, "The End of a Logger." Fifty or more whom Billy was the eldest but one.

lumber-jacks listening. Gospel talk "Billy was a good boy. His mother ended and a song sung. Fifty copies would like a prayer said and a song of the Gospel of John eagerly taken. sung." In the coffin a fair-haired son Note written in crude hand passed to of the Northmen, a boy of twenty "the pilot": "Pray for Billy. He goes years, manly looking, fine featured and back to camp to-morrow." strong; his high forehead crowned SCENE Two.- Saturday morning, with golden locks looking as if mother middle of July. Telephone: had just combed them. The prayer, "Could the preacher come over to the song, the heart word, the grave, the 'dead house' and talk to the boys then, "Would the preacher write Billy's a while at ten o'clock this morning, mother in Finland?" The letter left 'cause Billy is dead." that day on its ocean way.

Ten o'clock at the undertaker's par- Gigantic, towering trees are not the lors. Twenty Swedish lumber-jacks only thing slaughtered in our great

forests of the Northwest. How about cups-men whose red blood loves fight and whose steel-like sinews would the straight, tall, sturdy, splendid man- grapple with giant men as with giants of the forests. But now they are just hood that goes crashing down? Thirty plain lumber-jacks – "swampers," "choppers," "tritnmers," "teamers," thousand lumber-jacks are actually in "road-monkeys," "cooks," "cookees," "bull-cooks," "punk-hunters," "woodthe forests of western Washington butchers," "pushers," "river-pigs," and alone, and Oregon and Idaho have what-nots. All there together on a common level. Yes, men who have their proportionate number. States- been religious, many of them, in days agone, and who again would crowd up men, materialistic statesmen, have tb the Christ if He were seen and heard again through a great, strong, stirred the nation by their appeals for chivalrous soul. "Go to them," says one of their number on his death-bed, conservation of forests. Is it not about preach to them, tell them of Jesus time that some "voice in the wilder- Christ and His love. You think perness" should stir the Northwest, yea, haps that they are hard to reach, but they have great hearts, and as soon as and the nation, by an appeal for con- they learn to know you they will trust you." servation of this splendid manhood What's There? for which practically nothing is being There are the great forests breathdone? ing out health. No venomous crea- tures crawl or fly among the trees. No Who Are They? noxious exhalations fill the air, but re- sinous odors charge the atmosphere Mother's sons, everyone of them, with health-giving properties. Dangers are thick enough to teach alertness, but all sorts and conditions of men. and common needs are many enough to train men in sympathy and fellow- They must be men of vigorous bodies ship. The strenuous, simple life of heavy toil conduces to purity of and abounding energy. They may life, physical and mental. range in age from the "whistlingpunk" of ten years to the man of fifty, The bunk-house is there, with its long, narrow room, the big stove in "strong, but all stove in." The "lure the center, the damp, steaming cloth- ing hanging about, the dim, loudof the wild" brings them from every smelling lantern, the long rows of bunks, two or three high, filled with walk of life. Thousands from the hay or fir boughs, covered with rough blankets and almost always "insturdy middle class of our own land habited," tired men trying to while away the long evenings with stale and foreign shores-industrious, COlltented, patient and care-free. Sons of the parsonage are there. College graduates, with brilliant minds, are there amid the pines-men who, were they to stand full height in their keen intellect, would tower like the lofty cedars and firs. Men of culture are there-men who can sing and write and speak in five languages. There are many with "a history." Many be- coming disgusted with the veneer of modern life have fled "back to nature."

Other thousands who chafe under re- straint and want to go to hell quick.

Those are there who would like to see return the good old times of our An- glo-Saxon ancestry, when man used human skulls for individual drinking-

CALL OF THE LUMBER-JACK

jokes and musty stories, "turning in" snore; and some cough with early early and arising to "eat by candle pneumonia, some curse, some sing, light" and then off to the timber by some horribly grunt; and some, destarlight. lirious, pick at spiders in the air and talk to monkeys and scream out to be The saloon is usually there, or near, saved from dogs and snakes. Men where thousands of lumber-jacks go reel in yelling groups from the bar shouting to their own ruin, because to watch the spectacle of which they they have nothing else to do when they are not at work. Probably no place- THE FOREST PRIMEVAL not even the mining camp-sees such gigantic debauchery as the lumber- themselves will presently be a part." camp saloon at the paying-off times. The human blood-suckers are there It is done with such abounding laughter and good-fellowship and abandon -the saloon, the gambler, the dealer as to be almost overpowering. The in lust. They all lie in wait for the lumber-jack saloon must have its lumber-jack, with his "roll" after pay- "snake room." This is as necessary day. And that "roll" is not small. as the bar itself. "A logger once The cashier of one of the banks in this counted ISO men drunk in a single city, in answer to a question as to how hotel of a town of 1,200 inhabitants, much money the loggers bring into where fourteen other bar-rooms heart- town, said, "In this one bank we have ily flourished. They overflowed the cashed loggers' pay checks amounting snake-rooms, they lay snoring on the to over $40,000, and it is not near all oar-room floor, they littered the office, in yet." "What will become of that they were doubled up on the stair- money?" was asked. "It wiII nearly landings and stretched out in the cor- all go into the saloons of this town," ridors. Drunken men stumbled over was the ready reply. "Boy," said a drunken men and fell helpless beside friend. "where's your money?" The them; and still, in the bar-room, said young lumber-jack said the saloonhe, beyond the men who slept or keeper had it for safe-keeping. "How writhed on the floor and had been kicked out of the way, the lumberjacks were clamoring three deep at the bar for whisky. Hence the snakeroom. One may not eject drunken men into bitter weather and leave them to freeze. Bartenders and their helpers carry them off to the snake-room when they drop; others stagger in of their own notion and fall upon their reeking fellows. There is no arrangement of bodies, but a squirming heap of them, from which legs and arms protrude, wherein open-mouthed, bearded faces appear in a tangle of contorted limbs. Men moan and laugh and sob and

THE OLD WAX' OF DRAWl.NC LOGS TO THE LUMBER·CAMPS much have you got left?" "Oh, I got Who's Needed? lots left yet," was the happy reply . Soon the boy went away for a few Cel tainly something or some one is moments and then reeled' back again, needed when ten s of thousands of' his frielld say ing to him; "Nea r all stl1rdy, red-blooc1e<1, kind-h earted men in ?" "I came here yesterday morning in life's prime are living by hundreds with $123," said the boy, very drunk- in camps almost wholly neglected. The enly, "and I gave it to the bartenuer fi rst need is a real man, Nothing short to keep for me, and he tells me I have of a real man will do any good, He two-thirty left." must be a man who believes that Jesus Christ can save any man, in any con- Often near the camp is the dance. dition, right on the spot. He must be Saturday evening the lumber-jack able to work without any church; be dresses in his "glad rags" amI, with glad to sleep in a bunkhouse, over a sl1ch women as he knows , dances all saloon, out under the trees, in a stable, night. The fiddle r is a hig h person- o r anywhere he can roU up in a blanage. Next to him is the "caller off," ket. He must be strong of body, of whose happy voice may be easily heart, and of faith . He must sing at hea rd; his task just as the logger swears at his. The smeU of the woods must be "Come to de center and meet yonr J o, sweet to him, just as it is to the lum- Vith ~ clo, si. do, ;].11(1 ;]. Cllcl1lge ),011 kn ow," ber-jack. He must be willing to meet the devil often in human form, and Or, at close range without flinching. He must "spit cant from his mouth in dis- "Firs t an' third c011ples divid e, gust" and ever talk in the vernacular ~wing in de mi lldle and meet 0 11 de side." of the forest. Reverence he must have for holy things and for men, and must Practise and rehearsals of the differ- never lose it, or he is lost. He must ent steps at the bunkhouse is 110 small part of the fun,

CALL OF THE LUilBER-JACK

yearn for these loggers as a mother Pilot's bed several hundred dollars in yearns for her child. Such must be gold, his earnings of many months. the pastor for this "parish of the "Keep it away from me, Pilot," said pines." 01' Johnson, with a g'esture of terror. "For Christ's sake, Pilot, keep it away What Can He Do? from me. If you don't it'll kill me!" The Pilot understood, and shortly af- Given such a man and he can do all ter 01' Man Johnson reached home that is needed. He can pull men out from camp he received a draft for his of hel. Here is what a 111mbe]'-jack money. said when in hell: "Every year for nine years I've tried to get out of the The worker distrilJlltes magazines woods with my stake, and haven't done to the camps. Some years in the logit. Every year I've been kicked ont ging camps of ;linllesota over five of a saloon dead broke. It isn't be- tons of sllch reading matter is disl'anse I want to; it's because I have to. tributed free. "Those who can not It's always back to the tall timber for read have others read to them; some me." look at the pictures. Many men have learned to read in the camp." Such a Here is how such an one was saved real man can teach a poor, ignorant from his hell by a real man: fearing soul bow to die.

"Pilot," said 01' Man Johnson, "take Pat was uneasy as his soul was this here stuff away from me." The about to leave his degraded body. Pilot understood, as the old man, half "Pilot," whispered the dying lumbercrazed by his first few drams of the spree, came into his room and began jack, "I want yez to fix it for me." to empty out of his pockets onto the THE :NEW WAY OF DRAWING LOGS IN LUMBER-CAMPS

"To fix it, Pat?" "Shure, you know The Call phat I mane, Pilot. I want ye to fix it for me." "Pat," answered the Brother Christians of the Northwest Pilot, "I can't fix it for you." "Then," and of the nation, the call of the lumsaid the dying man, in amazement. ber-jack of these great forest States "phat the hell did you come here for?" has come to us. Ve must not turn "To show you how you can fix it." him down nor "pass him up." He is "Me fix it?" Then slowly, simply, the at the back door of all our churches age-old story of repentance and belief in those States. The responsibility of in Ouist was told as only the Pilot sending messengers to him is upon us. God will require it at our hands. It A RAILROAD TRAIN OF LOGGiNG-CAMPS could tell it to that eager, listening ought to be met at once. Vhy not man, nodding his head at intervals. pray the Lord of the harvest that He "Um-huh," muttered Pat, when the will send some reapers into this great Pilot had finished, as one would say, harvest ripening in the forests' sha- "I see." No other word-just "Um- dows? If in humble faith we shall huh." And while breath came shorter, lay this on the heart of God in earnest peace settled down deeper and deeper. prayer, rest assured that he will soon And when death at last would claim lay his forming hand upon men somehis prey, Pat, still holding tight the where fitted for this needy field. Pilot's fingers and still murmuring "Urn-huh, Um-huh," slipt into the Such a messenger will be thrice welpresence of the living Christ. come. The owners of the camps will welcome him. They know that the

MISSIONARY'S

more sober, contented and cheery the woods, will welcome warmly the men are the more work they will do. news that a Pilot has gone to their But we dare not put the owners' in- loved ones. terest on a mere dollars and cents basis. The vast majority of them would With an itinerary over a chain of rather see the lumber-jack save both camps, spending a week or more at his money and his manhood. each one, an immeasurable amount of gnod could be done. General Booth, The loggers always welcome the when once asked, "Where will you get true "sky pilot." His coming breaks your workers ?" instantly replied, the dreaded monotony of camp life. "From among those who are con- Nowhere does the Gospel come more verted." So workers in these great fittingly than in "God's first temples." forest fields could confidently expect The sound of the Gospel is the only helpers right out of the camps themnote needed to make complete for the selves. lumber-jack the harmony of nature all about him. These men in the camps, noted for their generosity, would never let their The fathers, mothers, sweethearts Pilot be in need, but would sUPl,ort and wives whose prayers ever go up him generously. May this call of the to the God of the forests, and whose lumber-j ack he heard and heeded by longing is ever toward the depths of the Christians in our churches.

THE MISSIONARY'S "rIFE BY MISS KATE G. LAMSO'"

~S HE is a most desirable anel usually far fro111 comfortable for ~ person to number occidental guests, while the number among your acquaint- of those who travel in eastern lands ances, whether you increase steadily. For love of travel, meet her in the home- for exploration, for research, for the ~ land, where the good sake of reaching mission fields, the things of life abound, or in any other restless moving mass of wanderers quarter of the globe; but you will surges more and more through counnot go far in a foreign mission field tries formerly considered so remote without deciding that the more YOll as to be inaccessible except under can have of her the better for you. pressure of necessity. Vhere shall She is a wife, which means that she these travelers find lo(lging? The has her husband's interests in which grace of hospitality, so sadly on the to share, and her household over wane in latter-day American life, which to preside. A woman's time shines with an undiminished, almost can be well filled with such cares as with a unique luster upon the forthese and leave no apparent leisure eign field. Here the latch-string is for anything more, but herein lies always out, and constantly it is pulled only the beginning of the demands by the visitors who pass in an unupon the wife on the foreign field. ending stream through the mIssIon- Hotels are infrequent in the Orient, ary home. Very frequently the "an-

BOYS7 BOARD1NG SCHOOL IN INDIA–IN CHARGE OF A MISSIONARY'S WIFE.

gels unawares" are perfect strangers; superstition and "all manner of unstill more often they are only known cleanness." Eternal vigilance is the by name to the hostess, who, the price the mIssIonary hotlsekeeper embodiment of courteous hospitality, pays for a well-ordered home. Yet smilingly bids them welcome. In- scarcely one wife on the mission field variably these guests have needs to who has come under the writer's obbe met. Spent with long journeying, servation limits her activities to the they must be given quiet and rest, or absorbing cares of her own home. even nursing. They. have a certain If her husband is employed in edubent to pursue, for which they must cational work for boys and young have guidance and probably compan- men, she makes it her business to beionship. Letters of introduction must come personally acquainted with his be written, conveyance must be se- pupils. She opens her house to them, cured, the points of greatest interest striving to make them feel sure of a must be thought out and a working cordial welcomc there. ~When they plan arranged. The missionary wife is are sick, she visits them in their full of resources, and seems to have homes or in hospitals, and sends no care beyond the consideration of suitable food to them from her own her guests' interests. Out of sight table. But l1lt only is she her husof that guest a watchful eye Illust band's able second in all his activities, always rest upon the native servants. her special talents of whatever nature Often quite efficient after long train- they may be are called into full requisiing, and warmly attached to the mis- tion. She is very often found presidsionary family with whom they are ing at the organ at the services of the associated, they never are wholly free native church, and training a choir to from the dominating habits of thought lead in the singing. The women and action resulting from centuries of turn to her for guidance in every perplexity, from the proper treatment The education of her own children for a sick child to the finding of a is a pleasant task, tho not an easy means of support for the fatherless one, which devolves upon the missionfamily or the convert whose kindred ary mother. Until her children are have cast her out with scorn and old enough to go away to school she abuse. A tone of irritation or weari- must be their teacher. In spite of ness puzzles and alienates the heart this constant draught upon her tim-e, just turning to the light. The re- she often superintends much wor~ of flected light from dwelling in the education for native childrtn. During prescnce of God is closely watched three months' observation in Ceylon on the face of His servant by the and India the writer of this article followers of other religions who found eight wives and mothers in throng about one on the mission field. charge of boarding-schools for boys No cloud must be allowed to dim that and girls, numbering from 60 to ISO radiance, whatever the provocation or pupils. The mental, moral and physical however unreasonable and incessant welfare of the students was entirely the demands may be. "A heart at under the care of these ladies. Clothleisure from itself, to sooth and sym- ing must be carefully supervised and pathize" is a valued asset of the mis- even provided in cases where it was sionary wife, claimed by the people impossible to secure the cooperation among whom her lot is cast, and by of the parents. Food supplies must the lonely unmarried worker who has be weighed and measured out daily. lately come to the field, and seldom Sick children mu st be watched and does th is claim meet with disappoint- nursed. Other ladies were found takment. ing certain cla sses in th ese schools GJRLS" BOARDING SCHOOL, ABUPPUKOTTAI, INDIA" UNDER TIlE CARE OF THE MISSIONARY'S WlFB or were aiding by advice and in the visits, and together they seek help keeping of accounts. The care of the for a task which calls for the greatday-schools of a station was often est wisdom, tact and forbearance. found to devolve upon some married lady. These schools are established Missionary wives whose children in different parts of a city or dis- are grown sufficiently to be sent away trict, and must be visited regularly in to school, and who are thereby free order that teachers and pupils may from the demands of little people in realize that the sympathetic eye of the home, often extend their labors the missionary is upon them and may be helped by that and by suggestions A WOMAN VENDER> MADRAS to maintain high standards. Generally these schools resolve themselves into beyond the bounds of the mission Sunday-schools as well, and to one station. By train, by tonga, by bulor more of them the lady in charge lock bandy they go, traveling many must go every Sunday, hearing reci- miles to reach the out-posts of their tations, giving out the much-prized district. They supervize village picture-cards, and showing a general schools, direct the work of Bible friendly interest. women in these country places, hold meetings with the women, visit from An important line of work fre- house to house. These expeditions quently found under the care of mar- sometimes cover long periods. Bedried ladies is that of the Bible women. ding and all supplies must be car- These women are the result of Chris- ried. Nights will be spent sleeping in tian training and influence. By the a tent, on the floor of the little nature of the work they are to do church, in the bullock bandy, or posin dealing with individuals and in the sibly in some native house. Meals homes of the people they must be must be cooked as needed. The home mature. No superficial knowledge of and station can not be left without Bible truth will fit them for this task. carefully laid plans for frequent re- They must be carefully drilled. A ports to be received. In case of the lesson must be taught them which they can at once take out and teach again to their pupils, reports of the visits made and the character of the work done must be required regularly, and stich reports must be examined and kindly and wisely criticized. Especially important is it that the spiritua1 life of each woman who thus "bears the vessels of the Lord" should be nourished and developed. Regular meetings for prayer are held with these humble workers in connection with their study of the Word. The missionary lady in charge also gathers them before they start on their daily breaking out of epidemic sickness, or light under a bushel after assuming if some emergency arises, the touring- home cares. If no regular medical missionary must hasten back to aiel work is possible for them, they do the people who depend upon her as not fail to have a special hold upon children on their parents. To those the women of the native community of us who are accustomed to travel who come to them eagerly for adin swift trains, assured of regular vice in matters physical, and readily hours for arrival and departure, and receive help in things spiritual from of comfortable lodging with good the same source. In this way women food at the end of the journey, an are reached who without that influinside knowledge of what is involved ence would never attend religious A TYPICAL MISSIONARY BUNGALOW IN INDIA 111 missionary touring makes it seem services or send their children to a synonym for enduring hardship. Christian schools, Some of the mis- Yet the devoted people to whom this sionary wives so qualified are able to is a part of the year's York hail it do l11uch more than this. Classes for with enthusiasm and proclaim it their the training of nurses have been eschief delight since with it comes such tablished by them, amI supervision of richness of opportunity and privilege. wards and the care of the sick in the station hospital has yielded most help- Quite a different line of activity ful results to the overtaxed physician from any of those mentioned is pur- in charge. Attention to detail is a sued by a limited number of mission- point in which the people of India ary wives who have the unusual are notably deficient. The opportunity qualifications essential to it, namely of the trained medical woman along full medical work. Those who be- this line is great. Two marked infore marriage were graduate physi- stances of work being done by marcians or nurses do not hide their

ried women trained for the medical sent, was brought in. Dreading the' profession may be cited. One acts in pain of the treatment, he clung, close cooperation with her husband, screaming, to his father, and burying who, like herself, is a physician. They his face in his garment refused to have chosen a field with reference to look at the doctor, whose gentle, the peculiar difficulties ' hich it pre- soothing voice coaxing him not to sents. A center of Brahmanism, in- fear the "mem-sahib," gradually trenched in superstition and idolatry, it has been well-nigh inaccessible to quieted his struggles. Women with Christianity while exercising a stulti- infected sores followed. A father fying influence far beyond its own and mother who had walked miles to bring a very sick child within THE I NDIAN EXPRESS-A BULLOCK BANDY borders. A dispensary has been reach of the doctor's treatment lisopened in a native house, with mud tened anxiously to her words as floors. One part is for men, the other she sternly, yet not unkindly, told for women and children. The hus- them how futile would be all her band and wife preside daily over efforts if the daily portion of opium these two departments. A morning should continue to be given the child. spent in the women's dispensary must A child with a loathsome disease was leave an indelible impression. The tenderly examined; one part was cases of opthalmia so prevalent in found to be healing, but an angry the East are never lacking here, and swelling elsewhere must be opened. were present in number on the morn- Gentleness, firmness, skill were everying when the writer visited the dis- where apparent as the doctor handled pensary. A child with trouble in the her patients, and at a little distance ear demanding a mastoid operation, in the same room a group of waitto which the parents would not con- ing women about her, sat a sweet-

MISSIONARY'S

faced Bible woman giving an earnest, own city, conducting two dispensaries, simple Gospel message. The doctor visiting patients in their homes, diand her husband have money for a recting the work of a Bible woman, new hospital, which is in process of and aiding her husband in evangelerection, but added to the cares of istic services for young men. Funds their busy lives is the problem that for a hospital building in a neglected keeps forcing itself upon them-from and densely populous part of the city what source are funds to come for are the great need to complete her the maintenance of this enlarged equipment for usefulness.

A CEYLON MISSIONARY WIFE'S SATURDAY EIBLE CLASS work? Nothing can so break down The "labors more abundant" of Brahman pride and caste prejudice, the wives upon the missionary field and prepare the way for direct Gos- have been but superficially sketched pel teaching as does this ministry to here, and many details, or even lines suffering humankind. The second in- of work, might be added if the picstance is that of an Indian woman. ture were to be made complete. Sub- Determined to fit herself for largest ject to interruptions from which the usefulness, she spent some years with unmarried ladies are exempt, they yet her husband in the United States give of their time and strength to the taking a full course in medicine, while limit of their ability, not grudgingly he pursued his theological studies. or of necessity, but with a full heart She is now a mighty force in her of love and pity. All honor to them!

A NEW TYPE OF

BY REV. HENRY vVf<:STON MUNGER, ILOILO, PHILIPPINE ISLANDS Missionary of the American Baptist I1issionary Union mP ROTES'L~TlSlI has time with his Bible and Spanish Com- made remarkable mentary as he did with his cards. But strides in the Philip- even when his life was as immcral as pines in the last few the average Filipino, he showed a real years, and large num- desire for better things. Whenever I bers have come into the stopt at his house he would question fold of the Protestant Church. Are me concerning the teaching of Holy – these nominal converts "rice Chris- Scripture, and would frequently call tians," or are they growing in Chris- in his friends and servants that I tian graces? The soil in all heathen might speak to them. Last spring he countries is hard, but in a country was baptized-being the first one in which has had a form of Christianity that village to join the Protestant without its power, the soil itself has Christian Church. Now, instead of to be created. One looks almost in worshiping images, he asks God's vain among the Filipinos for real blessing at meals, and has family spiritual aspiration, for a hunger and prayers. thirst for the Truth, for that feeling after God, if haply they may find Him. A few weeks ago when on a visit So cold, so unresponsive, so imliffet· to his home I observed two large ent is the average Filipino to the things images in his room. I did 110t be- of the Spirit that 'we often wonder if lieve he ever bowed to them, but never- there are those with a real heart hun- theless, I was somewhat disturbed ger for the Truth. ?-.i-o wonder the over their presence. Before I had American says the Filipino has no made up my mind how I could be~t character. nut even among this people approach the subject he referred to -superstitious, bigoted, idolatrous, them himself. He said he would have immoral as they are-there are men destroyed them long before, but they and women who are groping after the had belonged to his parents, and the light, "like children crying ill the associations made him reI uctant to de- night, with no language but a cry." stroy them. I called his attention to the Scriptural injunction that we avoid One man-and there are many all appearance of evil, and the subject others-lives in a village on the island was dropt. On my next visit almost of Panay. Three years ago when we the first thing he said to me was that first knew this Filipino, he used in- he had burned the images. toxicants, gambled, worshiped images and kept his concubines, like the ma- He has a large farm, but spends jority of "upper class" Filipinos. To- most of his spare tim.e in visiting day the cards, the wine, the images, the neighboring villages and preaching to concubines are no more. He has given all who will listen, of course, without up all the grosser sins in which he any remuneration. This man belongs formerly indulged, and he is growing to the class of society that is considered in Christian graces. Formerly he and the hardest to reach-a class that is so his family were gambling from morn- immoral and corrupt that the mission- ing to night; now he spends as much ary is often tempted to say, "Ephraim is joined to his idols; let him alone."

CONVERSION OF LOH OF

BY A. Y. NAPIER, YANGCHOW, CHINA ~E VANGELIST FAN is heard that the son whom he had given sixty-five years of age. to his widowed sister had believed in He lives in Ching Nan, the foreign religion, and had gone to a town a day's journey the "foreign devil" to study, he forth- overland north west of with went to Yangchow and brought Yangchow, and be- his son back. But when the son perlongs to the literary class. He was sisted in holding on to the foreign one of Mr. Pierce's first converts and faith, his aunt would have nothing to helpers. do with her adopted son, and drove him from her home. Not long ago I was at Ching Nan, and, with Evangelist Sao, took my Mr. Loh is a prominent man in Mafirst trip to Tsa-gien, another town jar-gieh and he had acquired the habit, thirty miles northwest of Ching Nan. which only good livers can afford, of There I heard an interesting story. About twelve miles from r:VANGt: LlST FAN Of CHINA Tsa-gien there is another town called "Ma-jar-gieh" (meaning smoking opium. Weare familiar the Horse – family – town), in which lives a merchant named a with the whisky fiend, but opium is a Mr Loh, who belongs to the teacher class, and is considered worse master. Mr. Loh was slave, well-to-do. At Tsa-gien he has tho he belongs to the literary class, a sister whose hu sband died, has read the Chinese classics, and was and left her without a child. In a disciple of Confucius. He thought order to comfort his sister, Mr. that he could take his boy home and Loh gave her his first-born SOI1. restore him to his rightful mind, and Just across the street from their take him back to his widowed sister. home an inquirer converted a But he saw such a change in his boy, little shop into a preaching hall, for which he could not account, that in which Mr. Pierce and he secured a copy of the Bible and Evangelist Fan have frequently began to read. As he read the Holy preached the gaspe!. Spirit took the things of Christ and One day, some three or four years ago, big fat Mr. Fan took a: large wheelbarrow and went out there to preach. The young adopted son, who lived across the street, came over to hear the "foreign doctrine." He heard and believed, and soon afterward went to Ching-Nan to study the ScriptureF.

Mr. Fan sent him to Yangchow to Mr. Pierce. And he staid some days with Teacher Dzang at the boys' schoo!. 'Vhen the father, Mr. Loh,

revealed them unto him. Without were in the center of the long buildthe help of medicine he gave up ing. The inn was crowded that night. opium, and, against the wishes of his Some ten or twelve men slept in that wife and family, he joined his son building twenty by thirty feet. The as a disciple of the despised Naza- wheelbarrow coolies and other men rene. slept on straw spread on the ground, covered with one or two quilts. It When Evangelist Sao and I was a damp, cold December night, and spent two days at Tsa-gien, we sent we changed our wet shoes and made a messenger out on Saturday to in- ourselves as comfortable as possible. vite Mr. Loh in to the Sunday ser- After supper Evangelist Fan, Mr. vices. He was away from home and Loh, and I sat on our beds at one end the messenger returned telling us that of the inn to read the Bible. At the Mrs. Loh had curst him for bringing other end the landlord was gambling such a message. Mr. Loh received with some of his guests. The coolies the word, and on Sunday morning made themselves comfortable on the mounted a donkey and came over to dirt floor, and we read the Beatithe services. When he went to the tudes. Mr. Fan is a good quiz maspreaching-place his widowed sister ter, and asked Mr. Loh many quessaw him, for she still lives across the tions. Mr. Loh's replies showed great street from the little chapel, and be- insight into the Scriptures. His refergan to curse him. She did not stop ence Bible was worn and showed until Mr. Sao went over and politely signs of much use. As we talked of requested her to wait till after the religious subjects Mr. Loh referred services were over. "Being reviled to well-known Old Testament charache reviled not again." At the close of ters, and found with ease passages he the service in the afternoon he led in wished to read in the New Testament. prayer, and wept over the condition No man had taught him. I sat there of his people. held in wonder and thanksgiving. Here was a man taught of the Holy Later Evangelist Fan and I took Spirit through God's own Book! a two days' trip overland to Mr. Loh's Every word he spoke demonstrated native town. On the evening of the the fact that the Bible had revealed first day and the morning of the sec- to him his Savior, and that the Holy ond some snow fell. Mr. Loh gave Spirit had been his teacher. He knew us a warm welcome, but explained no man theory of inspiration, but acthat it would be more pleasant for us cepted the Book as God's word, and to go to an inn which was only a cov- His transformation and life and ered walled-in building against the words were proof of its inspiration. street. At one end there was a Chi- ,ese cooking-stove, and along the F..bw thankful we ought to be for valls were plank-bottomed single beds such first fruits of the Gospel, and .m which we could spread our own what a privilege to have part in such bedding, and sit till we were ready to a glorious work! retire. A few tables and benches

THE MISSIONARIES CAME *

' A SCIENTIST'S DESCRIPTION OF THE OLD TIME HEATHENISM OF THE SOUTH SEAS BY REV. WILBUR F. CRAFTS, PH.D., WASHINGTON, D. C. UR steamer having just III, Part I, published December 6, IOI left the Fiji Islands on the way from Australia 1896), on the zoology, botany, ethnol- to Canada, a lady of ogy, and structure of Funafuti, se- wealth and refinement lected as a representative of the coral remarked to her hus- islands of the South Seas, we find the· following carefully certified statements band that she had been made by him as a scientist for scien- reliably informed that the people of tists as to the original heathen customs Fiji were so honest that doors and representative of the South Seas, many windows were not fastened generally, of them displaced by missionary and even at night, and asked him why so other civilizing influences.

unusual a condition existed. Being a W orship.-"The first objects to man of the world, he replied, ingen- which worship was addrest seem to ously, "It must be their beautiful have been thunder and lightning. A scenery and climate." A Christian spirit was worshiped in the form of a woman within ear-shot could not for- sea-bird. To this succeeded ancestor- bear to suggest that the same scenery worship. Any distinguished tribes- and climate were there when the man was on his death added to the people were fierce cannibals, and that Funafuti pantheon. Then a god was the missionary efforts since those days made of red stone and kept in a sort mIght have something to do with the of hen-coop. When anyone fell sick, marvelous social charges. this idol was taken out by the "devil· The gentleman cited is but a sample master" and besought to heal the suf- of the ignorance of missions that is the ferer.

rule rather than the exception on ocean "In order to secure abundance of liners, and is found not only in busi- fish, the idol was borne thrice around ness men, quick to believe the false- its temple by a procession of naked hoods circulated by traders, but also men and women, stript for that sacred among university men and even among service. The priests or sorcerers re- some church-members. ' quired the first-fruits of every catch It is perhaps not sufficiently realized to be presented to the god, and all rare by missionary writers that a whole articles washed up by the sea or pro- generation has come up since the days cured from ships. To enforce this, when the grosser forms of heathenism the people were taught that the god were seen and reported by mission- knew everything and would send death aries. It is desirable, in order to pro- to anyone who withheld any treasure.

duce intense missionary conviction "Sometimes a sorcerer would de- among the doubters in the main aisles clare a certain person was about to be of our churches especially, that testi- sick. The victim must then reside in mony should be given by other than the temple and be treated with en- missionary witnesses of the awful chantments twice a day. He was placed past, that it may be set in effective in the smoke of a fire so that the de- contrast to the present improved tho mon's eyes might be blinded and he not id~al conditions in missionary escape. One means of divination was fIelds. spinning a cocoanut, success depend- Old-time Conditions ing on how it lay when it came to rest.

In a scientific monograph prepared "The priest or 'devil-master' must by Mr. Charles Hedley for the Aus- always fix the propitious date for ca- tralian Museum, Sydney, of which in- noes to start on voyages to other stitution he was conchologist (Memoir islands, and accompany the expedition.

'From The Christian Endeavor World If a canoe missed its destination, the each wearing the sacred leaflet on his starving crew killed and ate the false left ann, with necklaces of flowers.

prophet. In this costume they had been dancing "Each priest lived apart in idleness, and performing wild incantations to except as he was occasionally occupied the gods all night. In response, their with incantations. He secured an oracle, speaking through the idol abundance of free lunches by the priest, had declared no foreign god or promise of divine favor or punishment. missionary teacher should be allowed When he would have the people think to land.

he was receiving a message from the "In r873, when these conditions gods, he acted as one 'possest,' glarin!:; existed, it was also the custom when in wild frenzy, foaming, and raving. a great chief or much-loved head of "In one representative pantheon, a family died to disinter the corpse that of Niutao, a series of oval and on the third day, cut off the head, flat stones were each considered the from which the 'sacred men' would abode of a particular god. The people gnaw the dead flesh and eat it, and standing near worshiped all those then the skull was placed on a tray in gods at once. In one idol-house the the temple beside other skulls to be god was the central side post, larger thenceforward an object of worship.

and crookeder than the other posts, but Periodically these sacred skulls were wholly destitute of carving. To this taken down to be oiled, while women crooked, eyeless, handless god were wept and beat their eyes until they offered three green cocoanuts and a were so swollen that they must keep sacred leaflet twice a day. Another the house for days.

cocoanut leaf was fastened to the wor- "On the arrival of a ship or canoe shipers' arm as a badge of fidelity to from any other island or country, dis- his idol. In one temple a smooth agreeable incantations were performed pebble on a swinging tray was wor- for half a day in a burning sun to shiped as an idol. Many natives wor- deprecate the wrath of the gods in re- shiperl the devil under the symbols of gard to the new arrival. They prayed cocoanut leaves, skip-jacks, and also that no disease might be brought wooden posts. by the ship, or if brought, it might be "In the same island Niutao every 'taken to Fiji.'

heathen family had a small devil-hut "Closely related to ancestor-worship in which a grass hammock was swung is the fear that the ghosts of dead for the evil spirit to sleep in, where n;latives would return to injure the offerings of fresh nuts were brought living, to prevent which the dead were every morning. These offerings at in the pagan days buried face down- the many shrines were usually eaten wards, chin and knees meeting, and by the priests. the limbs tied securely with strong "In Nanomana the skulls of de- cord. Articles of value and utility parted chiefs were laid on the altars, were buried with the dead, partly to under which were suspended offerings placate their ghosts, no doubt, and of pearl shell and other valuables. One partly to provide for their future sub- god was represented by an unchiseled sistence.

block of stone six feet high, resemb- "In the native huts no fires were ling a gravestone. These savages kindled at night lest it should prevent worshiped shooting-stars and rain- the gods coming in a shadowy form bows, but the principal objects of wor- with a message. Half a century ago, ship were skulls and jaw-bones of the in some of the more isolated islands, dead. where the natives were ignorant of "On the arrival of a company of any land but the spot they inhabited, Europeans in those pagan days, crowds drift-logs that came to the shore were of men ran to the beach to meet them, deemed direct gifts from a propitiated besmeared with ashes mixed with oil, deity. A native boy, on hearing thunder, told a traveler it was their god turn they habitually carried with them shooting pigeons." a boy captive to Tonga, to serve, when he grew to manhood, as a reminder Social Customs.-"As usual among that the northern islands were ripe for the Polynesians, sexual morality on another foray.

Funafuti was of the laxest before the "One of the Tongan chiefs who reintroduction of Christianity, and chas- mained in possession of Funafuti after tity was unknown. A wife belonged such a foray practised cannibalism to to her husband in so far as she shared such an extent that after a short while his home. He supported her, and there were only women and children was entitled to the produce of ber left. Clubs and great double-edged labor; but he did not claim the exclu- wooden swords, fifteen feet long and sive right to her person. If a man edged with sharks' teeth, were kept desired the society of another man's in the larger temples for display on wife, he might throw a pebble into the festive occasions in honor of the gods." hut as he walked by. The complaisant husband, accepting the signal, would The Entrance of Light then leave and allow the visitor to enter unmolested." So in Nanomana, The foregoing are facts laboriously "women, tho married, were common, verified by a scientist by examination but the children belonged to the legal of many witnesses, native and foreign. husband." These cruel customs and the more cruel fears that filled the people's "The usual sequence of such unre- hearts with daily terrors have mostly stricted intercourse, infanticide, was disappeared in such islands as have generally practised upon Funafuti. In- for half a century been under misdeed, it was once obligatory to destroy sionary influence before the "light that each alternate child. Mothers were maketh all things new." The heathen expected to enter the lagoon before temples have been torn down. The an expected birth, that the child might "devil-masters" have disappeared. be immediately drowned. On N iutao and N ukufetau the ancient rule was Hawaii, for example, once blighted to rear only two children in each fam- with such darkness as we have deily. In some islands it was the custom scribed, is to-day the embodiment of for the men only to eat porpoises, for Christian brotherhood. All races it was a superstition that if women mingle in school and business, church ate them their children would have and society, in absolute equality of porpoise faces. Two or more married privilege. These native converts are CDuples often lived together in a hut by no means faultless. Many of them of about twelve feet by twenty. are but children in mental and moral strength. They feel the unfavorable "It was a common custom before influence of tropical heat and a life the introduction of Christianity to cut where the means of subsistence are off a joint of a finger on the death of easily procured, but the transformation a member of a family." wrought by missions in Pacific islands in three-quarters of a century is a War.-"The Ellice Islands were miracle that should win the support, not only of the O1ristians, but of all long ago invaded by Tongans who intelligent humanitarians. came in several gigantic war-canoes, each holding a hundred men. They Whatever God might- do for the were accustomed to make the circuit heathen in the future if we did not of the entire archipelago, landing' al evangelize them, we are bound to save each island and massacring the people. them-and there are many yet in such Their object was not head-hunting or cases as we have described-from their to procure the means of a cannibal present hell of cruelty and fear. feast, but merely slaughter to indulge their lust for bloodshed. On their re-

CONNECTING LINK *

A STORY FROM INDIA BY MISS ANSTICE ABBOTT YANRAO came She waited for his usual cheery word, out of the bungalow but when she saw him turn away in with a glow of purpose silence to put by his coat and turban, on his face. His finely her heart gave a throb of anxiety. chiseled features quiv- ered slightly, but in his Usually when he returned at even- eyes was a stedfast ing, the children were in the court, light. His head erect, he threw his "11h joyous welcome and ready for a long, white scarf gracefully with a glad play. His wife always at the quick gesture over his left shoulder door, expecting a passing caress and a and walked through the gate into the "Dinner late as usual ?" or "Rice street with a firm step. burned up, I suppose!" or something which, accompanied by a comic frown, He had come to a crisis in his life. meant, translated, "The best dinner in What was beyond, who could tell? the town is ready for me, I know." Hut now, come what would, his pur- At any rate, the pretty housekeeper pose was unchanging. There must be always took care that it should be so, no more delay. To-night the matter and she knew that her lord and master must be settled, and she-ah !–. fully appreciated the comforts of hi5 tidy home. But to-night the hour was It was growing late dusk, but his unusually late, and the children had wife's face came up clear before him. gone to bed on their mat in the next room. The mother, recalling the anxi- He recoiled a moment, almost stopt, ety in the father's eyes, and feeling and then, with a little gasp, went the silence, made ready the meal with slowly on with his head bent. He an unwonted dread in her heart. seemed to study the face before him. Her hair, how rteat it was and shining Her husband, removing his upper in its blackness, the smooth, full fore- garment as was his wont, sat down on head, the proud little nose, the sweet the floor before the well-filled board, mouth, the beautiful brown eyes, lim- and his wife waited upon him. Not pid and tender. He could even see knowing what to make of his preoccuthe pretty earrings he had just given pied face, not sad, but strangely grave, her twinkling in her dainty ears. Such she studied his every want. When, a bright, happy face altogether! Could however, in returning with fresh water he ever bear to see that loved face to refill his brass cup, she saw his hand blanched with horror, and even repul- resting on the rice, with a mouthful sian? Repulsion toward him? He shut held listlessly in his fingers, she could his eyes and set his teeth with a groan. bear the anxiety no longer, but, going Then coming to himself, he drew up behind him, she said in a low and sharply and looked about to see if any troubled voice: "Will not my lord tell one had noticed him. his Yamuna what weighs upon him? Is he ill?" Whatever the trouble, he no longer brooded over it or its result, but hast- Looking up quickly and with his ened to his home. Yes, there was the usual smile, he answered: "No, not dear face just as he had seen it, a little in the shadow of the door, but ill. r must have been thinking." with a smile of greeting. Crossing the court, he stept into the house and, "Is it of trouble? Of some calamtaking his wife's chin into his hand ity?" caressingly, he looked with tender anxiety into her loving eyes. Her eye- "No, no calamity." Then, as if to lids dropt and she moved back quickly himself: "But what the result will into the shadow that he might not see be, God only knows." a swelling tear roll down her cheek. As he fell to eating again, Yamu- nabai did not dare to question him further. She waited upon him with "From "The Stolen Bridegroom and other East Indian Idyles." Fleming H. "evell Co.. N. Y. even more care than usual. Then, after heard of Him somewhere; then, he had finished his meal she cleansed drooping her head, she answered the brass dishes, taking a mouthful gravely, "The Son of God," and here and there from what her husband trembled at her audacity. had left on his plate, for she had no heart to sit down and eat the food she "Where did you learn that?" he had laid aside for herself. said.

While she was so occupied, Nara- As she did not answer at once, he yanrao was restlessly moving about went on: "The Bible-women, as they the little room. He put his upper gar- call them, was it not? Those whom I ment on again as if to sit on the little veranda, as was his custom, ready to forbade the house? Have they been chat with any neighbor who might here ?" come in, or, as if going himself to a neighbor's; but' he did not go out. "Oh, no, they have not been here; He took a book from a shelf and put I have never disobeyed you in that." it back again; sat down to a table and She could say no more, but bowed her arranged his writing materials, then head under the expected wrath of her pushed them aside; at last, he slyly husband. took a book out of his coat pocket and began to read in it. As soon as it Narayanrao awoke at once to the was quiet in the room, the father heard realization of his own cowardice. He his little son singing very softly and was making his trembling little wife sweetly, "Jesus loves me, this I know." confess, while he was gaining time to A baby voice tried to join him as he strengthen his courage. So bravely, went on in the hymn, whereupon there but with an unsteady voice, he said: were whisperings and smothered little "Yamuna, what would you say if you gigglings. Then a repetition. The knew that your husband believed in chorus went better, for the baby sister and loved this same Jesus?" could lisp, "Jesus loves me, Jesus loves me." The man listened intently, and She started and came nearer to her when his wife seemed to have finished husband. What did he mean? Was her work, he called her to him and he in this cruel way drawing out of said: "What are the children singing? her a confession that he might de- Where did they learn that?" In an nounce her? What had he heard? In instant the little voices were hushed. the rapidity of these thoughts, she for- The children had thought their father got that he was awaiting an answer, had gone outside as usual, for their and he, guessing her thoughts, said mother had told them not to sing when gently: "Do not be afraid, my be- their father could hear them, as it loved Yamuna, but speak and tell me, would disturb him. Her true fear for it is true." was of angering him. So, in a low voice and with dread in her heart, she For answer, she sank down at his answered: "Vishnu learned it at the feet and began to weep bitterly. The mission school. You remember, you husband was greatly perplexed. W.hile 'told me I might send him there, as the he had all the time feared his wife's government school is too far away." sorrow and anger when she should learn that he had become a Christian, "Do they teach their religion to the yet at the same time he had felt that children?" something had changed her of late. It was long since he had heard her sharp "They teach them hymns and verses little tongue in torrent of scornful from their Scriptures." abuse of a neighbor or a cheating trader, but it was only the day before "Who is this Jesus they are singing that a neighbor had told him that the about!" Bible-women were going regularly to neighbor Radhabai's, and that it would The wife looked up in quick sur- be well for him to look after his wife, prize. Surely her husband must have as she was often there to hear the preaching. So, while it never entered his mind that his wife cared for those

things, he had hoped that she would the doings in Radhabai's house. But not be heartbroken at the news he had little Vishnu had to go to school, and to bring her. He bent down and the government school was far away: touched her forehead gently: "Tell what was to be done? A Christian me, Yamuna, why you weep; are you school was near and many little Brah- grieved because I have become a Chris- man boys attended it. "They learned tian ?" well," it was said, "and really their She controlled herself with a great manners were improved." So, after effort and looked up into his face. See- a deal of hesitation, Yamunabai had ing tears in her husband's eyes, but asked the father what had better be a smile on his face, she clasped her done? He, in his indifference, had hands together, and, looking up be- said: "Send him to the mission yond him, she ejaculated, "Jesus, I school. It will do him no harm while thank Thee" and then followed an- he is so young." Vishnu went. He other burst of tears. was only six years old, but a bright After a long silence, they began to little boy.

explain to each other how this had He soon conquered that long Mara- come about. As for N arayanrao, a thi alphabet singly and in all its com- tract put into his hands in the street binations, and his mother was proud had called his attention to Christ; then of him. Then he began to hum about he had occasionally stopt to hear the the house, and his little voice was very street preaching of missionaries and sweet. The mother paid no attention native helpers. Then he had bought a to the words he sang, until he began New Testament and read it. One day to teach them to his baby sister. The in his office work, he had to take a word Jesus seemed to occur very often government paper to a missionary. in the hymns and the baby learned to This gentleman's bearing and upright- lisp the name in her attempts to join ness so attracted him that this chance her dearly loved brother. "Jesus!"

meeting led to many more, until the He was the one the Bible-women were friendship ripened into Christian always telling about. "Jesus" and brotherhood. He would have confest "love" seemed always to go together Christ long before, had it not been for in the children's singing. She would fear of estranging his much-loved slip arOllnd to Radhabai's the next wife. The Whisper, the day before, time the Bible-women came there.

that Yamunabai was listening to the Radhabai had been very brave and in- Bible-women, awakened in him the dependent in welcoming these women, purpose to tell his wife of the new and she did not seem to be any the faith he had accepted. So this even- worse for it. Surely anything about ing he had come to his house later love could not be very bad! So think- than usual, having spent an hour with ing, Yamunabai at first stood at Rad- his friend, the missionary, in asking habai's door. She would not go in.

counsel and prayer, and in receiving The next time she did "just step in."

strength and encouragement. But "the old, old story" was so very As for Yamunabai, when she saw· sweet, it had in time conquered her, that her husband's "early hours, etc." and the proud little Brahman widow had made him neglect the worship of sat with other Brahman women, at the their gods, she had been more assid- feet of those whom before they had uous than ever in all the religious reviled and called "the defiled women."

duties of the day, as a loyal Brahman Sitting there, they heard of the love wife should be. When the Bible- of Christ; how He suffered and died, women began to come into their little that they, the women of India, might street, she heard them with curiosity be saved.

until her husband had forbidden her The husband and wife took no note to ask them into their court. Then she of time as they related their heart's tossed her little head in fine scorn of history to each other. And Yamuna-

GOD THINKS OF MISSIONS

bai, after she had finished her story, I should have been heartbroken also asked her husband when it was that to think that our happy home. had he had first begun to think of -these ceased to be. The missionaries are things. wise to send women to teach us women about the Savior, otherwise there "Nearly two years ago," he an- would be nothing but quarrels and swered. "The day our N ana, our first- partings. The men would be saved, born, died. Coming back from the but we poor wives, how could we know burning-ground a man on the street of the love of Christ? But now the put a tract in my hand. I should have same Ouist who meets you in the indignantly pushed it away only that streets, and comes to our children in the large heading caught my eye: 'He the schools, finds us in our own homes. shall live again!' I took the tract, Blest be His name! The Bible-women read it, and re-read it many times. are such good, kind women, too. Oh, That was the beginning. For a year how happy I am to-night." I have been almost persuaded to become a Christian; the fear of breaking ill'arayanrao's face also shone with up our happy home has prevented me, joy, as reverently bending over the and I do not know when I should have table with his hand on his wife's shoulhad the courage to make the decision der, he thanked the Lord for His wonand tell you of it, if Mahadarao had derful salvation and asked Him to not cautioned me to look after you. bless the Bible-women who had been But I thought if my wife listens to the means of bringing them together the Bible-women she will not be very at the feet of Christ. angry with me, and I could not help a little hope that possibly she might Thus the little Brahman home had sympathize with me." its first consecration by family prayer to "the King eternal, immortal, invis- "Ah, yes," said Yamunabai, "if I ible, the only wise God," the God who had not listened to the Bible-women "so loved the world that He gave His how very different things would have only begotten Son, that whosoever bebeen to-night. I should have been so lieveth in Him should not perish, but horrified, so very angry with you, and have everlasting life."

WHAT GOD THINKS OF MISSIONS * BY C. F. REID I}SJ0ME months since I to, and this proved a little too much. was attending a district I arose and said: "Keither does the conference in a wealthy devil think much of foreign missions, rural section where na- nor did the church-members in Christ's ture seemed to have poured out her gifts day. The important question, my with lavish abandon. brother, is not what the devil or the The reports the preachers were giving Pharisees or your people think about of their work were not very encour- foreign missions, but what God thinks aging. Finally one young man arose on the subject." and said, "My people don't think much of foreign missions," and said it in a StiII pondering over the incident, I way that indicated that he rather sym- returned to my room and oicked up pathized with them. my Bible. I found that God's first promise to faIl en man was a mission- My nerves had become somewhat ary promise. I found that God said unstrung by the reports I had listened to Abram: "Get thee out of thy coun- try and from thy kindred and fr0111 *.From The Missionary J! oice

thy father's house, unto a land that would make him a Jew. He would I will show thee and in thee have none of it and named himself the shall all the families of the earth be "Son of Man"-the great, universal blessed." Abram was evidently a for- man. iThen he speaks of the scope of eign missionary. his mission, he cries, "I am the light I found that Joseph was a mission- of the world/' and when he indicates ary to Egypt, Jonah a missionary to that of his disciples, he declares: "Ye Nineveh, and Daniel a missionary to are the salt of the earth." .

Babylon. God did not always have a When Jesus taught his disciples to Board of Missions to work through or pray, he taught them to pray in world a great ocean liner by which to trans- terms. In his own wondrous prayer port his missionaries, but he saw to it in the seventeenth chapter of John the that transportation was provided and word "world" occurs thirteen times, that his sent men arrived. I found and the words "Judea" and "Jerusa- that David was a great missionary lem" not at all.

hymnologist. When Jesus promised, he promised Isaiah was the missionary prophet. in world terms: "Go ye therefore, and 'hat a ring of missionary triumph teach all nations, baptizing them in the there is in the sixtieth chapter! In name of the Father, and of the Son, another moment of spiritual exaltation and of the Holy Ghost; teaching them he is able to project his prophetic to observe all things whatsoever I have vision through twenty-seven centuries commanded you: and la, 1 am with and see China (the Land of Sinim) you alway, even unto the end of the coming to Christ and to declare that world. Amen." Many people would "the nation and kingdom that will not like to have the promise without the serve him shall perish; yea, those na- condition. That is not God's way. He tions shaIl be utterly wasted." who would have the companionship As I glanced through it seemed to of the Master must walk where he me that the Old Testament was simply walks, and he walks most where he a record of God's missionary trans- is most needed.

actions, making and unmaking nations Some one said to Tohn Foster, for- and, by providences and providential merly Secretary of State: "Mr. Fos- men, preparing for the great mission- ter, why are you so interested in send- arv c;c,J11paivl1 of his neerless Mission- ing the Gospel to China? The Chi- ary, Jesus Christ, His Son. nese have their own religion, and they On the night Jesus was born God don't want yours." Mr. Foster re- sent his angel choir with glory and plied: "Why did God send Jesus power to proclaim again his unswerv- Christ to Judea? They had their own ing missionary program: "I bring religious beliefs and did not want his, you good tidings of great joy which and as soon as they understood his shall be to all people." When the days mission they began to persecute him of preparation were past and he stood and finally nailed him to the cross, a on the threshold of his ministry, the missionary martyr."

same great policy was announced by So as I read and pondered I thought his forerunner: "Behold the Lamb of again of my preacher friend who re- God that taketh away the sin of"- ported "My people don't think much Judea? Nay, verily!-"the sin of the of missions," and I thought to myself: 'World." "Well, your people and the devil don't In speaking of his mission, he de- think much of missions, but God thinks clares: "My meat is to do the will of much of missions, and I prefer to him that sent me." What is a mission- throw my lot in with Him until from ary but one who is sent/' The Jews Terusalem to Timbuctoo the Son of wanted to limit the sphere of his min- God and Son of the universal man istry, even as many do to-day, and so shall have found the universal lost he they called him "Son of David." That came to seek and to save."

EDITORIALS

COMPARATIVE RELIGION out the revelation given through Christ and the Bible. History proves that CHRISTIANITY as presented by there is "no other Name under heaven our Lord Jesus Christ and by His given among men, whereby we must apostles will stand the test of the most be saved" than the name of Jesus rigid investigation. Its ideals and doc- Christ. He came to a lost worldtrines need not fear comparison with lost, away from God, not knowing the the best that all the other religions of way to God and unable to find the way the world can offer. Confucianism and Home. Those who worship idols do early Chinese theism teach a lofty not worship God. Idolatry and the code of morals and a high idea of non-Christian religions form, not God. Buddhism has much beauty and stepping-stones, but stumbling blocks truth in its doctrines of self-abnega- to those seeking God. Idolatry has tion ane! in the example of its founder. ever been a heinous sin and has been Shinto has high ideals of character connected with gross abominations. and loyalty. Hinduism and Zoroastrianism are not without a large amount Anyone who holds that missionof moral and philosophical beauty and aries should not teach non-Christians strength. Islam makes a powerf'lll they are lost without Christ, would presentation of monotheism and devo- make Him to have lived and died in tion to God. Even the pagan religions vain, and take issue with Him who have elements of truth, and in their said, "The Son of Man came to seek deepest truths and highest interpreta- and to save that which was lost." tions of their religion may be credited with some good influence in keeping A MISSIONARY PRESS BUREAU men and women from utter indifference to God. T HIS is an age for pUblicity. The gathering and scattering of news But these religions are all so unau- is both an art and a business of trethoritative in their teachings and so mendous proportions. The work of powerless to lead men to God and to Christian missions is the greatest busiset them free from the bondage of sin, ness in the world. It has the greatest that we come from a study of com- field, the greatest commodity, the parative religion with the conviction greatest list of backers and patrons, that Christianity presents the only true the greatest force of agents, the greatinterpretation of God and the only re- est benefits conferred on the recipients, vealed way of salvation for man. the greatest Power behind it, and the greatest assurance of success. Some students of comparative religion are becoming apologists for Surely, if ever a business deserved heathenism, and even take issue with proper advertising or exploitation it Christ as to the character and influence is the missionary business. It would of idolatry. They hold that these re- pay the missionary boards and societies ligions are "stages of spiritual devel- to secure the services of the best Chrisopment in a humanity seeking after tian newspaper agents obtainable, and God." Some even go so far as to say to entrust to them the work of gatherthat "no missionary to-day would tell ing news from all the world and of pagans that he feared Mussulmans and scattering it through the religious and Hindus would be lost." secular press and among representa- tives of Christian churches. There are unique instances in which pagans or other non-Christians have Nothing of this kind has ever been come very near to God, but there are undertaken on an adequate scale. It no instances in which any pagan or would need to be sufficiently financed non-Christian people have been led to and to be manned by men and women know God and follow him truly with- of experience, but it might do untold

good in correcting false reports and ably to "investigate missions" there, disseminating stimulating, educational and so on around the world. facts as to the progress of the Kingdom of God. Such a news bureau It is positively stated that Mr. Ruswould become a clearing-house for sell did not meet a single missionary missionary information that is not mis- in Tokyo, while, if his purpose had information. Here is an opportunity been genuine, he could have stayed for some Christian philanthropist to until January 3rd, when a hundred of do an immense work for Christ and the leading missionaries of Japan met His Church. in the annual conference of the Fed- erated Missions of Japan. At that A PECULIAR INVESTIGATION OF conference he could have learned something from the missionaries about MISSIONS their work and its outlook.

W E do not believe in advertising Advertising is an art, and the finan- what we have reason to consider cial success of many a "fake" business a fraud, but at times attention should enterprise is due to extensive and be called to frauds already widely ad- skillful use of printer's ink. Pastor vertised. "Pastor C. T. Russell" has Russell is a great advertiser, and has been posing before the Christian people deceived many good people into thinkof the United States and other coun- ing him a great teacher. His record tries since 1886. His publications in Pittsburgh has been exposed by the were issued at first under the some- Brooklyn Eaglc. His teachings are what ostentatious title "Millennial exposed in a recent pamphlet published Dawn" from "Zion's Watch Tower," by C. C. Cook, New York, and in The Pittsburgh, Pa. Then he removed to Fundamentals. Brooklyn, N. Y., whence his publications now come forth under misleading rHE ARTHUR T. PIERSON MEMORIAL titles like "People's Pulpit of Brooklyn," "Brooklyn Tabernacle," "Inter- A Year Ago-A Year Hence national Bible Students' League," etc. The teachings of Mr. Russell have ONE year ago, on June 3, 191 I, been shown to be "a mixture of Uni- Arthur T. Pierson, the Editor-intarianism, Universalism, Second Pro- chief of the MISSIONARY REVIEW for bation, and Restorationism." nearly a quarter of a century, "fell asleep" at his home in Brooklyn. He Lately this much advertised speaker left a rich heritage in the volumes that started upon an "investigation" of mis- had come from his pen, and in the sions under the auspices of tht "Inter- personal influence that his life and national Bible Students' Association." words had exerted on thousands of The report of this so-called investiga- other lives. tion has been published in se.cular magazines and papers, but no friend The last active work he did was in of Christian missions should be mis- connection with a journey to the misled by such an "investigation." sion field, when he visited Japan and Korea and wrote concerning the re- Dr. J. L. Dearing, of Japan, calls sults of his observation. The eagerattention to the fact that the party ar- ness of the Koreans for the Word of rived in Yokohama on December 30th. God, their readiness to sacrifice time The next day Mr. Russell preached and money for an opportunity to study in Tokyo at the Y. M. C. A. Hall, and teach it, and the apostolic characwhich had been secured under misrep- ter of the work in Korea greatly imresentation by some advance agent. prest him. No missionaries ever The audience was very small. On seemed to be more filled with the Holv Monday, January 1st, the party started Spirit or more true to the Bible and by an overland express journey to Christ ~ha.n those in charge of the Koovertake its steamer at Kobe, whence rean mIssIons. its members sailed for China, presum- It was, therefore, suggested by friends that funds be given for a Pierson .Memorial Bible School in Korea, trustees in Seoul, when they have been the cost to be determined by the duly organized and incorporated. The amount of the contributions. There following- conditions are made by the were some generous responses in sums New York Committee: ranging between $5 and $5,000 each. I. The school shall be union or After much correspondence and con- interdenominational and shall be called ferences with missionaries of the Pres- "The Arthur T. Pierson Memorial byterian and Methodist churches and Bible School."

the Y. M. C. A. in Korea, the com- 2. It shall be located in Seoul, Ko- mittee have undertaken to cooperate rea, on a site selected by the trustees with the Union Bible Institute in Seoul and approved by the New York Com- to establish the Memorial Bible School mittee.

in the Capital City. The amount ~. The purpose of the school shall needed is at least $35,000, as follows: be to teach the Bible, as the "only in- r. Main building, containing class- fallible rule of faith and !practise"

rooms, auditorium, administration of- and to train Korean Christians for fices, library and social rooms, $r6,o00. Christian work. Its teachings shall in- 2. Men's dormitory, for about 70 clude the deity of Jesus Christ and sal- men, three in a room, $7,000. vation only through his atoning work.

3. Women's dormitory, for about 70 4. The Board of Trustees shall be women, three in a room, $7,000. composed of representatives of mis- Land must also be purchased and sions working in Seoul, including the equipment must be provided, so that Presbyterian Mission (North) and the $35,000 is a small sum with which to Methodist Episcopal Missions (North provide for 150 Korean Christians and South). Members shaH be elected each year, that they may be trained in annually to serve three years, shall be a knowledge of the Bible and for nominated by the board and elected Christian work. by the missions which they represent.

We venture to say that no similar 5. The financial support of the Bible amount could be invested at home or School shall be guaranteed by the vari- elsewhere that could mean as much ous missions represented on the board, for the advancement of the cause of in amounts proportionate to their rep- ] esus Christ. To-day is the critical resentation.

time in Korea, and presents opportu- 6. The final plans for buildings, or- nities for converting a nation and for ganization and management of the molding a church that may never be Bible School shall be submitted to the presented again. New York Committee for approval be- The committee have already re- fore adoption. After the final approval ceived in cash and pledges about $17,- of these, the New York Committee 000, and it is hoped that other friends shall be discontinued.

of Dr. Pierson and of his Master, Any friends who are led to desire Jesus Christ, will be glad to take a to contribute toward this work, may share in this great work. There have send their gifts to the office of the been no direct appeals for funds, as MISSIONARY REVIEW, checks and the committee believe that givers money orclers being- made payable to should be moved by the Spirit of God. order of D. W. McWilliams, treas.

The purpose is not to perpetuate a A year hence-who can prophecy 1'an.(', Lut to carryon a work for God what awaits tis? What will be the -a 'vvork tbat is greatly needed and results of our stewardship? Will that that has already marked signs of His which we have, still be in our hands blessing. to give, or will we have been called The committee proposes to place the to give an account to God? A vear $17,000 already contributed, and what- hence we hope that the Memorial Bible ever other sums may be Riven for the School will be a reality and a power same purpose, into the hands of the for God in Korea. THE CHURCH AND THE from the statement of the superintend- ent of the City Mission that she and IMMIGRANTS her two women assistants can use nine languages, while the three mission- I N the article by Mr. Leroy Hodges aries in the Congregational churches (MISSIONARY REVIEW, March, can use six more, but that these fifteen 1912, page 167), attention is called to languages are only about one-half of the fact that, generally speaking, "the thuse needed for work in the cosmo- churches in America are not doing politan city. their full duty" toward the immi- grants. This is, unfortunately, true, The problem of the Church and the but at the same time there are many immigrant is a most complex and dif- churches and some whole communities ficult one, and it can not be handled which are carefully and systematically until we have missionaries for each studying the subject of their duty to nationality who are familiar with the the foreigners at their doors, and they slJecific language. In an early num- are trying to meet their obligations. A ber of the REVIEW we are to give our good example of this we have found readers the story of "What New in New Britain, Conn., a manufactur- Britain Churches Are Doing for the ing city where the population is 80 Immigrants." per cent. foreign, and largely very recently foreign. "THE CATHOLIC WORLD"-A CORRECTION In New Britain the City Mission works through the churches, and, I N the April number of the REVIEW since it has no separate hall or building a paragraph appeared, credited to where to hold services, in the churches. the Catholic World, which stated that Different churches open their doors to Homan Catholics were to wield their different sets of foreigners, who, as votes to gain the ascendency in Amerfar as possible, are ministered to in ica. This paragraph and sentiment is their own language, until they can un- repudiated by the editor of the Cathoderstand English and be drawn into lic World, who says that it never apthe Sunday-school and regular serv- peared in those pages. ices. The City Mission's superintendent, Mrs. B. W. Labaree (formerly a It seems to have originated in some missionary in Persia), and her assist- other paper and was copied by the ants are available at any time for start- MISSIONARY REVIEW. By mistake the ing and carrying on such work in the name of the paper from which it was different churches, the plan being to copied was omitted. We regret this start as rapidly as seems wise and error and are thankiul that the paraprofitable, different lines of City Mis- graph is repudiated by the Catholic sion work in the different churches, World. and to direct such work only so long as is necessary until the church can CREDIT GIVEN take control of it. T HE very clever and striking illus- The two large Congregational trations that appeared in our May churches of New Britain have had and]une numbers, "The True Chriswork for distinct nationalities for a tian Eye-glasses," and "The Lord's number of years, not, in any sense, Prayer Revised," should have been under the direction of the City Mis- credited to the United Presbyterian sion, tho in close cooperation with it. Year Book, from which ihey were They are employing three mission- copied. aries. The wheel showing the Bible as the But while New Britain is making an hub for the "Evangelization of the effort to reach the foreigners and the World," in our June number, should lapsed masses in the city, there is much have been credited to the International room for improvement. This is clear Sunday-school Association.

WORLD-WIDE

MISSIONARY NEWS THE OCEAN WORLD dominion legislature submitted to the Church Union in Australia vote of the people a proposal that the manufacture, sale and importa- T HE Episcopalians and Presbyter- tion of intoxicating liquors into the ians in Australia have agreed upon islands should be forever prohibited. a basis of cooperation and union in The result of the voting was a very which there is a statement concerning sub3tantial majority adverse to the orders, each apparently retaining its sa1oons-2 55,ooo votes for prohibiown formula of faith. The resolu- tion as opposed to 202,000 against tion reported it as follows: "That it. But the affirmative majority in a union of the Church of England in this case figures out only 55 per cent. Australia and Tasmania and the Pres- of the total poll, and the constitubyterian Church of Australia be ef- tion of the dominion provides 'that a fected and consummated, by a joint referendum of this sort shall not be solemn act under the authority and considered to have carried unless the sanction of both churches, in which affirmative amounts to 60 per cent. each church shall confer upon the presbyters of the other all the rights of the total. Had this extra 5 per and privileges neccessary for the exercise of their office in the united cent. been won over to prohibition, church, so that from the moment of the liquor traffic would have had four such union all the presbyters of each years to wind up its affairs, and 1916 church shall have equal status in the would have been the first prohibition united church." year in New Zealand.

A Samoan Note-Marvel in Samoa I Famous Philippine School Burned IN the South Seas! The Samoan Christians contributed $23,000 last T HE Jaro Industrial School, one of year toward general missionary work, the most progressive of all schools four times as much as in 1901. Vol- in the Philippines, has just burned. unteer Polynesian missionaries are It was located quite near to Iloilo, going from Samoa, Rarotonga, and upon Panay Island, and was estab- the Gilbert Islands to carry the Gos- lished by the American Baptist For- pel to the Papuans of New Guinea.

eign Missionary Society. It was ac- The Samoans have brought a pastor commodating 349 boys and had a large from China to care for the Chinese staff of native teachers, with Rev. W. coolies emigrating to Samoa.

O. Valentine as principal. The Successor of Father Damien It is the intention to rebuild the B school as soon as money can be se- ROTHER DUTTON, successor of Father Damien and last survivor cured for the purpose, because it is greatly needed for the traimng of of the first leper nurses of Molokai, self-supporting young men of the Hawaii, is now facing the death middle-class, to whom it offers aca- which made Father Damien's name demic, industrial, and religious train- known throughout the civilized world.

ing. Brother Dutton, or Captain Ira Barnes Dutton, as he was known be- New Zealand Almost for Prohibition fore entering the missionary field, is NEW ZEALAND, in a recent ref- a civil war veteran. Enlisting as a erendum, very narrowly missed member of the Janesville City (Vt.) the honor of becoming the first solidly Zouave Cadets, he rose to the rank of prohibition nation of the world. The captain. After the war he entered

the services of the Louisville and taneously. They are called the Cha- N ashville railroad, subsequently join- pels of the tongues, and each one ing the Dominican Fathers at Mem- named after its benefactor.

phis. He was living in a Trappist The New Water Street Mi••ion monastery when the story of Father T Damien's heroic work at Molokai HE famous Jerry McAuley Mis- sion, where so many "down-andreached him. Vhen Father Damien died in 1889 Brother Dutton suc- outs" have been regenerated and ceeded him. have been brought "up-and-into" the Samoa and India Send Gifts Church of Christ, has opened its new building at 3 r6 Water Street, New T HE astonishing and growing liber- York. May the blessing of God rest upon Mr. and Mrs. Wyburn and . ality of some of the Polynesian Mrs. Lamont as they continue in missions of the London Missionary their labors of love for the rescue of Society gives a challenge to the home these human relicts who have made churches. The churches, in parti- shipwreck of life by dishonesty and cular, of the Samoan Islands of the South' Pacific have this year sent drink. Five thousand dollars would home to the parent society gifts of pay' the last indebtedness on the £5,073. This sum comes from chur- building. ches which have in all less ·than 9,000 members. Jt forms an increase of The New Methodist Secretaries A nearly a thousand pounds on the sum T the recent Methodist General Conference in Minneapolis, Dr. sent last year and is more than double the sum sent four years ago, which A. B. Leonard resigned as Secretary was £2,403. The figure becomes of the Foreign Board, Dr. Homer C. more impressive when we remember Stuntz was made a bishop, and in their that the Samoan churches of the Lon- places three new secretaries were elecdon Missionary Society, quite apart ted: Rev. Frank Mason North, D.D.; from these sums sent home, support Mr. S. Earle Taylor, of the Methodist 192 ordained native pastors and 260 Laymen's Movement, and Bishop W. native preachers.-L. M. S. Chronicle. F. Oldham, formerly missionary to AMERICA India and Malaysia. They will make The Chapels of the Tongues strong, aggressive missionary direc- tors. The former secretaries have EVERY day some sign is given us been enabled to build up a great work. of the cosmopolitan character of Our expectations for wise and steady our great cities. At a recent confirma- advance grows strong with the new tion service in St. Bartholomew's officers.

Church in N ew York, 5 different lan- Works of Methodist Women guages were employed-English, Swe- E dish, German, Armenian and Chinese. VERY four years, at the conven- ing of the General Conference, Rev. Hugo Holmgren presented 14 Swedes to Bishop Greer; Rev. A. the vVoman's Foreign Missionary Yahannan, 8 Armenians; Rev. Max Society of the Methodist Episcopal Pinkert, 32 Germans; and Rev. R. S. Church presents a summarized report W. 'Wood, 2 Chinamen. Members of of its work to the General Conference.

several other nationalities were pre- At its recent session held in Minne- sent to witness the scene. The Epis- apolis the Society reported 387 mis- copal Cathedral of St. John the Di- sionaries on the foreign field, native vine in New York has 7 chapels pro- workers 1,948, Bible women 2,000, jecting as spokes from a hub around schools 919 with 26,310 pupils, and 18 the great altar in the chancel. In hospitals. This work is maintained in these chapels services in 7 different the homeland by 5,877 societies in languages will be going on simul- churches that have a membership of

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186,I I4, and by young peoples' and Merchants and Minions children's societies that are composed of 100,I36 members. In the four NOT long ago the San Francisco years the society expended for foreign Associated Chamber of Com- work $2,711,548.32, merce sent a party of representative business men to China in order to The women in German Methodist increase acquaintance and develop churches in the United States have so- commercial relations. They had not cieties that number 7,997 members, expected to come into any especial and their colIections for the four years contact with missions or to consider past totaled $9 I ,434.08. them at all. But since the mission- aries have preceded the merchants in The American Baptists China they were forced to learn something about mission work. At T HE American Baptist Foreign first they were divided in their opin- Missionary Society is fortunate ions–one-third favoring, one-third in retaining the services of Dr. F. P. opposed and one-third indifferent. Haggard as Home Secretary. They But at the last meeting before their have also elected as Foreign Secretary return, held in Hong Kong, the matter in the place of Dr. T. S. Barbour, who was put to vote and the twenty-five resigned, an able Missionary advocate commissioners voted unanimously in Rev. James H. Franklin, D.D., of favor of missions. These men were Colorado Springs. He has already not merely from San Francisco but entered upon his duties and wilI doubt- were picked citizens selected from less develop into an able missionary Spokane to San Diego. In their offi- statesman. Dr. Franklin is a Virgin- cial report they say, "To the great ian by birth, about forty years of age work done by the missionaries in all and has had experience of District parts of China is due, doubtless, in a Home Missionary Secretary and as a large part, the wonderful progress member of the Commission sent to made in education and commerce -investigate conditions in the Kongo within recent years, and much of Free State. He has been a member of Chinese officialdom cheerfully extends the Northern Baptist Convention them due credit." Executive Committee and a member of the Board of Managers of The Some Missionary Offerings in New York Foreign Missionary Society. Thus he comes to the work with knowledge T HE Protestant Episcopal Diocese from study and practical experience. of New York has a committee called "The Cooperating Committee Free Baptist and Baptists in the Laymen's Missionary Move- ment." This committee reports some T HE report chronicles the merging very encouraging indications of ac- of the Free Baptist missionary tivity and success, among which are interests, which brought to the For- the following of special interest: eign Society the Bengal Mission with funds and securities amounting to The Church of the Incarnation in- $65,81 I .55. The transfer meeting of creased its offerings from $II ,000 to $17,700 last year. Ten churches gave October 5 was "an epoch-marking between $r,ooo and $2,000 each; one church gave $2,500; four churches occasion," a practical accomplishment gave between $3,300 and $3,800 each; of union. Dr. A. 'vV. Anthony, who was elected Joint Secretary of the one church gave $4,200; another, $5,- three General Societies, has been serving since October last and the 045; another, $12,770; another, $12,- results of his work have fulIy demon- 884; another, $13,350; another, $17,- strated the wisdom of his appoint- 785. It is expected that one-half of ment. the churches in the diocese will use the duplex envelope system before the year is ended, which would mean

probably a doubling of financial re- Activity of Canadian Laymen turns .and other advantages besides. THE Laymen's Missionary Move- Last year the committee worked for Inent in Canada has recently conmoney, but this year it works for men, and the money is easily taken care of. ducted a remarkable series of I I mis- sionary conventions. The entire Do- "Fruits of the Women's Jubilee" minion, from west to east, has been touched and thoroughly aroused.

AT the Triennial Conference of the These conventions mark another dis- Women's Boards of Foreign Mis- tinct step in the life of the Canadian ions held in Philadelphia, some very churches. The Canadian council of interesting figures were presented by the Laymen's Missionary Movement Mrs. Henry W. Peabody in her ad- reports the following increase in condress on the Fruits of the ] ubilec. tributions from the respective denomi- Pittsburgh led the van in the Post Ju- nations during the three years since bilee work so far as results can be its inauguration: Anglican from actually tabulated. In that city there $252,910 to $354,128; Baptist, from are 6,500 new members of mission- $207,679 to $296,569; Congregational, ary societies 2,300 subscriptions to from $29,948 to $41,500; Disciples, missionary magazines and I03 new from $9,057 to $9,675; Evangelical organizations. The Jubilee gifts in Association, from $7,606 to $II,I42; money from Pittsburgh totaled $100, Lutheran, from $9,633 to $15,462; 925, at the date of this report. Among Methodist, from $50~MO<j to $749,- other cities receiving honorable men- 677; Presbyterian, from $466,4I8 to tion were Dayton, 0., Evanston, Ill., $738,297.

Philadelphia, and Beverly, Mass. AThe Fruit of Persecution in Brazil N unlettere? negr~ wom~n was A Rest Home for Missionaries MANY a missionary comes home converted III a VIllage III Sao on his furlough tired and worn, Paulo, Brazil, and proceeded to buy perhaps weakened by bad climate, or a Bible. Unable to read it herself, just recovering from illness. He needs she would call together her neighbors, a place where he can rest and recu- sing a few hymns, give her testimony, perate, but his salary, small at its and then hand the book to a school best, is frequently reduced when at boy who read to the assembled comhome. Many of the Missionary socie- pany. For this offense she and her ties of Germany have provided free friends were arrested at the instiga- Rest Homes for their missionaries on tion of a priest, beaten and set to work furlough and their families. The on the roads. INhen they were re- United States do not yet have such leased they were so bitterly persecuted institutions. that they were forced to leave their We are glad to know, therefore, homes. Now in 14 different villages that there has been established, under evangelization work is proceeding a~ the auspices of the International Medi- a result of the religious activities of cal Missionary Society, a place, these refugees. Mr. Terrell, the Me- Mountain Rest, at Lithia, Mass., thodist pastor at U ruguayana, has the where missionaries and their families oversight of these centers.-Records can rest. The charges for board are of Christian Work.

so small that the poorest missionary The Presbyterian Jubilee in Brazil is able to pay them, the management is Christian, and the surroundings of FIFTY-THREE years ago, August the place, which is located in the Berk- I2, r859, Rev. Ashbel Simonton shire Hills, are beautiful and healthful. landed in Rio de Janeiro. Two years Mrs. L. W. Cleaveland, Lithia, Mass., later, on January 12, 1862, two Bra- is in charge. zilians canfest Christ and founded

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the first Presbyterian church. This ica, and many of the native Indians year their lineal descendants united have been baptized by them. In many in a jubilee celebration. The present parts of the vast continent they held building has 1,200 sittings, but is sway over the natives and have built too small. The total gifts of the fine churches. These churches have church amount to $10,000 a year, and fallen to ruins, and the great mass of 46 new members were received du- the baptized Indians and of their chil- ring jubilee week. Five other churches dren have reverted to their pagan faith. in the city have grown out of this Many of these converts continued, in church, which is the strongest in their ignorance, to mingle pagan and South America. Roman Catholic customs. Thus, soon after the departure of the priests, Moravian Mission in Surinam many of the baptized pagans returned entirely to the religion and practises "FOREIGN and home mission work of their ancestors. But few of the in- should ever go hand in hand, all habitants of the great interior forests of South America have been reached the world over," says the 111oravian by any missionaries, and thus it comes Missions, published by the English that to-day there are hundreds of In- Moravian Society, which has exten- dian tribes in South America which sive work in East Central Africa, and are utterly uncivilized and have never especially in the great Surinam dis- heard the Gospel. In Peru alone there trict, "and it is interesting to see that are 69 such tribes. The difficulties our foreign mission in Surinam has of their evangelization are tremendous, considerable home activities. There partly on account of their mode of are prayer and Bible reading unions living and their scattered condition, in several congregations, as well as partly on account of their prejudice societies of Christian Endeavor for against the white man, from whose youths and girls and children." Para- ancestors their fathers suffered atrocimaribo has its "Bible and Tract So- ties, the like of which have only been ciety." Two Christian papers are pub- excelled, if excelled at all, on the lished there-the 5 onntagsblad, in Kongo. But are difficulties a valid Dutch, and the Makzien, in Negro- excuse for leaving the preaching of the English-and each is taken by about Gospel undone? These Indians need 500 subscribers. the Gospel of the Lord Jesus Christ. They should have it. The figures of the educational activities of Surinam Mission show 33 EUROPE-GREAT BRITAIN day-schools, with 3,183 scholars, and IS Sunday-schools, with 1,642 Sun- A Year of the Greatest Bible Society day-scholars. T HE 108th anniversary meeting of The Surinam Mission has a mem- the British and Foreign Bible Sobership of 27,141. Six churches in ciety was held recently. The report Paramaribo, the capital of Surinam, have 13,689 members. Some of the for the year, presented by Rev. J. H. churches there have a membership of over 3,000. There are c.olony stations Ritson, showed a record circulation, where churches have a total member- a record income, and "a record expendiship of II,973. Of these, 2,127 belong ture. The total issues amounted to to Bushland congregations far up five 7,394,523 copies, in 440 languages, inof the great rivers of Surinam-the cluding those of eight new versions. Marowijne, the Cottica, the Surinam, These include Dabida, a dialect of the the Saramacca, and the Coppename. Taita tongue, spoken in British East Africa; Beta, the speech of a tribe of South America's Indians Land Dyaks, in Borneo; Kiwai, for a people living on the Fly River, New NEARLY four hundred years ago Guinea; Limba, a language current the Jesuits and other Roman Catholic orders entered South Amer-

among the negroes of Sierra Leone; lin more than a thousand delegates Lakher, to be used by a border tribe in were present, among them the Emthe Lushai Hills, between Burma and press herself. These leagues are Assam; and Chinook Jargon, which pledged to help in all possible ways in is a patois used by several Indian parish work, by invitation to services, tribes scattered along the American by visiting the sick and afflicted, colcoast, from Oregon to Alaska. Then lecting children into Sunday-schools, come two gipsy dialects-Eastern Ro- helping families at times of birth, of many, spoken in Bulgaria; and South death, of sickness or of need. The (~erll1an Romany. leagues of the Rhineland reported 19,- 679 cases provided with volunteer A Year of the Oldest Missionary Society nursing, 3,381 of these being of night- watching by the sick. The Berlin T r-IE Society for the Propagation unions carryon an extensive employ. of the Gospel dates from 170I. ment bureau activity, especially for According to the last annual report women who take work to their homes. recently given, there are in all 1,254 They have also raised 113,300 marks missionaries on the society's list. in the past year, hiring 113 trained There are also in the various missions nurses to work among the sick poor of about 3,000 lay teachers, 3,200 stu- the capital. dents in the society's colleges, and about 71,500 children in the mission New Director of Paris Missionary schools in Asia and Africa. Society A Great Work for Children pASTOR JEAN BIANQUIS has T HE forty-sixth annual report of been appointed the successor of Dr. Barnardo's Homes Associations showed that, to Decembcl 31st the late A. Boegner as director of the last, 75,462 children had passed Paris Missionary Society. He has through the rescue doors; 2,21 I being been its general secretary IS years admitted in 19I1. Two-thirds came and is thoroughly acquainted with the from the provinces and one-third from work of the society in Madagascar, the metropolis. Nine thousand and Rhodesia, Basutoland, French Kongo, forty-nine boys and girls of all ages Senegal, Tahiti, Loyalty Islands, and were under the care of the association New Caledonia. He spent almost three at the close of the year. Included in years, 1901 to 1904, in Madagascar this number were 300 boys in training while the state of affairs there was for the navy and mercantile marine at quite critical, and he visited Basutothe Watts Naval Training School in land in I908, when the Basuto Mission Nodolk, and on the training-ship celebrated its 75th anniversary on George L. Munro, stationed at Yar- October 20th and 21st (see MISSIONmouth. One thousand and eight young ARY REVIEW, I909, page 229)· emigrants were sent out during the year (1,002 to Canada and 6 to Aus- Pastor Daniel Couve has been aptralia), making a total of 23,622 emi- pointed general secretary of the sograted. Ninety-eight per cent. are ciety. He has served faithfully and successful. successfully as missionary in the French Kongo, and has been assistant THE CONTINENT to the late Mr. Boegner for five years.

German Women in Volunteer Parish Spanish Religious Tract and Book Work Society T HE Women's Evangelical Auxil- T HE present religious state of Spain iary Unions (Frauen-Hilfe Ver- is not encouraging. Fanaticism eine) were founded 2I years ago by on the one hand, and infidelity on the the present German Empress. They other, stifle the spiritual sentiments of now number 1,800 local unions, and the people. Rome's baneful influence at their last general meeting in Ber- and the erroneous guidance of Spain's

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political leaders unite in strengthening 1,083 native paid helpers (28 ordained the opposition of the masses to Protes- ministers, 68 evangelists, and 987 tant missionaries and doctrines. Re- teachers). The number of native vol- ligious liberty in Spain is only nomi- untary helpers is 2, I36 elders and 214 nal, at best, and Spain of to-day has others. There were baptized 15.492 less freedom for religion and the press. adult heathen, the largest number ever The free distribution of the Word of attained in the history of the society, God is the most effectual, economical and larger by almost 5,000 than the and rapid way of dispelling Romish previous highest number, and 21,478 darkness, and the Spanish Religious inquirers were being prepared for bap- Tract and Book Society has done this tism when the new year commenced.

work now 30 years. It is under the The number of Christian natives un- management of Rev. Lopez Rodriguez, der the care of the missionaries has the director of the Figueras Evangelis- . increased to 176,844, and the 752 mis- tic Mission (see MISSIONARY REVIEW, sionary schools contain 42,S 12 pupils.

March, 1912, page 226), and its head- The increase in baptisms is most re- quarters is Figuera, the busy city in markable upon Sumatra, where 12,055 the province of Gerona, close to the heathen were baptized in 191 I and French frontier. The society rejoices 7,421 in 1910, and where the total in many voluntary workers (mission- increase of church members was aries of all denominations, evangel- 14,058 in 1910.

ists, school teachers, and many of The Rhenish Missionary Society those who having been converted was founded in 1828, and its fields through the instrumentality of the so- are South and Southwest Africa, New ciety gladly and freely give their serv- Guinea, the Dutch East Indies, and ices in aid of the blest work). Many China. Its work is very encouraging, of its volumes are sent out through as the figures for I91 I abundantly the mail, the interior postage in Spain prove.

being very cheap. Lately a vigorous The Power of Prayer campaign against the extensive free circulation of infidel literature has FROM Germany comes the news of been started through the medium of the death of Eberhard von Rothan interesting magazine, entitled The kirch. He was an old officer of the Bible. Various books for the young German army and had been in the have also been published, and inter- war of 1870-71, but his later life was national lesson leaflets, well illus- devoted to purity work among young trated, are printed for 21 Sabbathschools in different parts of Spain. men, especially in connection with the y. ~L C. A. of Berlin. He was a During 191 I the Spanish Religious praying man, and daily he remembered Tract Society distributed 48,970 Span- his numerous friends and others by ish Gospels and 252,027 Spanish name, rising at six in the morning tracts in Spain itself and among every day and spending two and one- Spanish-speaking inhabitants of Eng- half hours in earnest prayer and mediland, France, Switzerland, Portugal, tation. In all parts of Germany men Italy, Holland, Madeira, Canary bore testimony to the fact that God Islands, Philippines, and North and answered the prayers of von Roth- South America. kirch, for they were won to Christ by him. His little room at the St. Michael An Encouraging Report Hospiz was called "the most blest con- T HE Rhenish Missionary Society fessional in Germany," and hundreds announces its statistical figures, look back to that place as the place of preliminary to the publication of its their spiritual birth. Among them report for 1911. It is employing 184 most prominent perhaps is Pastor Le European male and 21 female mission- Sener, the famous city missionary of aries, which are assisted by a force of Berlin. When a young student, he

met von Rothkirch, who propounded keepers cordially accepted the new to him at once the question, "Have you idea, but those of them who were Mo- a living Savior?" The answer was hammedans insisted on having the "I hope so," but von Rothkirch quickly Bible hung up on the wall, because it said, "If I should ask if you have a is holy. They felt that letting it lie bride would you answer thus? When on the old stools, which are the only one stands in living relation to the Sa- furniture, would be to treat a holy vior, it is a matter of deepest certain- book with disrespect.

ty." To this certainty the young student came through the instrumentality Growth of the Western Turkey Mission T of von Rothkirch, the man of prayer. HE Western Turkey Mission of ASIA-MOSLEM LANDS the American Board has devel- oped remarkably during the last fifty A "The Port of Jerusalem" years. In 1860 it had II stations, 22 N American consular report states outstations, 60 missionaries, 76 native that measures are again being workers, 544 church members, and taken by the Turkish government to 1,931 adherents. On December 31, have a safe harbor constructed at Jaffa, 19II, it had 6 stations, 97 outstations, the Port of Jerusalem. "The danger 76 missionaries, 450 native workers, of making a landing at Jaffa," it is 4,384 church members, and 16,131 adstated, "has not only deterred many herents. In 1866 the proportion of forpeople from visiting Jerusalem, but eign to native workers was 1 to 17li; there are periods of sometimes more to-day it is 1 to 6, foreign workers than a week when landing in small having increased 26 2-3 per cent. and boats is absolutely impossible. Steam- native workers 492 per cent. Memers which call at Jaffa anchor about bership in the churches has grown I,OOO yards from the shore." Vice- nearly tenfold, while the missionary consul Lewis Heck (Jerusalem) esti- schools have grown from 27 in 1860 mates the cost of the undertaking at to 157 in 1912, and the total number not less than £800,000. Those who of pupils from 754 to 9,056. In 1860 have followed the developments of the the money given by the American last fifty years, in the light of the Board for the maintenance of the work many prophetic intimations regarding was $83,314, or 152 times as much as the land and the people of Israel, can that given by the people; in I910 it not but view with profound interest was $108,992, or only I I-3 as much the project to which attention is thus as that given by the people.

called. The Power of Christian Kindness The "Gideons" Invading the Orient FTER the bombardment of Beirut A N last Christmas Day some Ar- by the Italian men-of-war, the O menians of Harpoot copied the Greek Orthodox Bishop of the city Gideons in their chosen work of put- invited Moslem women and children ting Bibles in hotels. Harpoot does to take refuge in the homes, convents, 110t yet copy the West in the matter of and churches of Lebanon, as guests hotels, but it welcomes travelers to of the Christians. Mohammedan wri- hans, whose guests eat what food they ters in Egypt and Turkey took imme- themselves can cook and sleep on the diate notice of the proclamation and floor wherever they find space to praised the bishop with glowing words, spread their own bedding. The work and it became quickly apparent that of the American "Gideons" of Har- this act of kindness had made a won- poot was to furnish the bare and derful impression upon the Moham- cheerless rooms of the hans with medans.

Bibles. The books were in Armenian A few days after his proclamation or Turkish, according to the language the bishop drove in his carriage most used in each han. All the han- through the Moslem quarter of the

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city. A great crowd soon surrounded ability, who has taken a leading part him and the driver was forced to stop. in the work of the National Mission- The bishop was thoroughly alarmed ary Society of India. For some time lest some of the bloody threats against he has been head of the Dornakal Christians, made by Moslem fanatics, Mission in South India. It is thought should be executed. But he was quickly that this appointment indicates anreassured by such cries as, "What can other step toward the development of we do for you? Where may we take a truly Indian church. The Dnyanoyou? Let us unharness your horses da)'a says: "Following the recent and draw your carriage ourselves." decision to organize a synod in the Bombay presidency, this appointment It is not reported if these Moham- of an Indian to be a bishop is anmedans really took the place of the other notable advance toward liberal bishop's horses, but the whole incident progress in the Anglican Church and shows the tremendous influence which toward the momentous goal of makthe bishop's act of Christian kindness ing Christianity an indigenous rehad upon these prejudiced people. ligion in India.'?

INDIA Church Union in India Selling Bibles in India CLERGYMEN of the Church of England usually stand aloof of HE Bible colporteur gets a varied all sections of the Protestant Church T reception in Madras. From an and the farthest away from any kind article in the latest issue of the Bible of church union. It is, therefore, in the World we take the following: especially significant that the Bishop "Begone!" cried a woman of the vil- of Bombay, Dr. Palmer, made some lage headman's family at Pittada ; remarkable statements at, the Dio- "some of our relatives have become cesan Conference recently held in Christians through reading the Bible. Bombay. Speaking of the Indian Your book casts a spell, and we are Church, he is reported to have said, afraid of it. Take it away!" A Brah- "What can we, as children of the man official, recognizing colporteur Church of England, wish to found Benjamin at Paramatti, remarked: "I in India? Surely not the Church have read with much pleasure the little of England. There would be no book I bought from you last time. Let meaning in this. Indians will never me now have a copy of the whole be Englishmen. India will never Bible." Elsewhere a village magis- be England. The Church of India trate ordered a weIl-bound Bible; and, is what needs to be founded an-d to when the colporteur delivered it, he grow up. Not a Church, but the took it with delight, and prest the book Church, the Catholic Church of against his forehead as a mark of deep Christ." It is said that the Bishop reverence. completely carried his clergy with him in his efforts to secure some The First Native Indian Bishop kind of self-government for the branch of the Church of England in A N innovation in religious circles India. in India is that a native Indian clergyman has been raised to the The Telugu Mission Diamond Jubilee episcopate in the Anglican Church. Rev. Vedanayakan Azariah has been THE Telugus, members of a nonappointed Suffragan Bishop of Ma- Aryan or Dravidian race, inhabit dras. Besides his own tongue, Mr. Azariah is a fluent and impressive the east coast of the peninSUla of speaker in English, as many can tes- Hincustan, India, north of the city tify who have heard his addresses- of Madras and south of the Godanotably at the World Missionary vari River, and their country ex- Conference held in Edinburgh. He tends nearly 200 miles westward is a young man, of fine spirit and

from the coast of the Bay of Bengal. that teaching, it will make all the dif- In r836, Rev. S. S. Day, of the ference to the future of the country. American Baptist Foreign Mission- 1t is only in the present type of mi~­ ary Society, commenced the work sion and college that the Indian Chrisfrom which the Telugu Mission has tian who is to be a leader of his grown. Thus the Diamond Jubilee Church can obtain an education keepof the mission could be celebrated a ing him in contact with all affairs and short time ago, with suitable cere- the people of his nation, and, at the monies and in the presence of a not- same time, receive special Christian able company of clergym~n and mis- instruction. In mission colleges, Mosionaries, and several representatives hammedans, Hindus, Christians, livinv of the American Baptist Foreign together on terms of social equality Missionary Society, who had come and friendship, educated together in from the United States to India. the same courses, provided both a Special attention was paid, through- forecast of the future, of a unified out the Jubilee, to Christian edu- India, and an opportunity for the most cation, and the subject of church suitable and best education of the Infederation was also given a promi- dian Christian.-C. H. C. Sharp, of nent place in the deliberations. The Delhi, in Australian Men and Misgreat events were the laying of the cornerstone of the Cole-Ackerman SIOIlS. Memorial High School at N e11ore, and the announcement that the BrIt- A Summer School for India ish and Foreign Bible Society has made it possible for the Baptists to S IX weeks ago Christian workers unite with it in a union version of in some parts of India fell in line the Bible in Telugu, which will be with some of the later occidental missatisfactory to all the churches. sionary schemes, and had a snmmer school for Christian workers that con- The Te1ugu Baptist Mission is one tinued for two weeks. The school of the most flourishing on the for- was held in Ahmednagar, and there eign field. During the seventy-five were three sessions daily, besides years of the work there have been evening rnectings. The day sessions approximately roo,ooo conversions. were in the nature of classes, and the The mission supports about 650 evenings were devoted to informing schools, with more than 16,000 stu- talks on the Christian life. The Madents. It included 140 churches and rathi language was used exclusively. reported 1,554 baptisms in 19IO, one There were a large number of speakyoung missionary alone having bap- ers, among them a dozen or more tized 133 high-caste converts. The widely known missionaries and native fact that many of the recent con- ministers. verts have been from the higher castes is one of the most encourag- Among the Women of Siam ing features of the work. MRS. J. A. EAKIN, missionary of Christian Education for India the Presbyterian Board has been engaged in touring among the women MUCH interest has been aroused by of Siam the past five years. She the declaration made at the Del- writes that this work brings her face hi Durbar that education was to be to face with the lowest type of heaspread, beyond higher education in the thenism among these women, and the form of primary education for the results of centuries of servitude and masses of India. Here again, is ex- cruel treatment and superstition are actly the same apportunity and res- appalling. The women are almost ponsibility. They need the religious naked, their heads are shaved, their influence in their teaching. If Chris- mouths are overflowing betel, and tians undertake a large proportion of their minds are saturated with super- stition and with obscene thoughts that

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no American would harbor for a mo- be correspondingly decreased. China ment. Yet the Gospel and earnest in the last three years has reduced her Christian love conquer even these cultivation of opium by about 70 per degraded beings. Mrs. Eakin cent. It is therefore almost certain tells of the mother of the head- that within the next two years, or even man of one village who had less, the poppy will no longer be grown visited the missionaries and been in China, and that consequently, in taught the Gospel, and after her return accordance with the projected treaty, to her village she brought eleven others the lucrative traffic from India will to accept Christ. In a Laos village automatically be brought to an end. the service had to be given up, because the acetylene gas outfit was not in A Summary of Radical Reforms working order, but the disappointed women clung to the missionary and A MOST striking and impressive made her promise that she and her picture of the transformation takhelpers would come again. In an- ing place in China is afforded by this other village are several inquirers and grouping of facts found in an article one old woman of seventy who was by a physician writing from Chung taught of Christ many years ago, but I~ing: The queue, which was imposed surrendered only last year. She is upon them over 200 years ago by their now a happy woman and is learning ::'vlanchu conquerors, and which almost more and more of the love of Christ. to a man they had grown to think was In another village, a man who was a part of themselves, is gone to stay. said t'o be one hundred years of age The new government has come out and his aged wife came out, against strong against the custom of foot the opposition of all their relatives in binding, absolutely forbidding the the village, and were baptized. The same. The reform against opium testimony of a blind woman who had smoking is equally enforced. They have changed from the lunar month learned of Tesus in the Mission Hos- to that of the sun, and dating from this year their year will be the same pital, was 'influencing her neighbors as the foreign. The better classes have in the same village greatly. Thus almost to a man adopted the foreign everywhere the Gospel is cOl1Cl11er-inO" hat, and those who can afford it are the women among whom the faithful wearing the foreign shoes. Foreign missionary is laboring amid difficul- tailoring establishments are springing ties and disappointments and perils up all over the city. I am even told from robbers and thieves and evil that as soon as the government is men. properly established, all business shall cease on the Sabbath day. This last CHINA does not mean that they are keeping the Sabbath from a Christian stand- China and Opium point, but because they recognize the importance of one day of rest. ACCORDING to recent news, an agreement has been practically Remarkable Chinamen reached between the Chinese Foreign Office and Great Britian. The A HIGH Chinese official, recently 111;1in points of the ag-reement are: (I) baptized by Ding Li Mei, the That the importation of Indian great Chinese evangelist, now underopium shall cease as soon as the culti- takes the support of twenty of the vation of opium ceases in China. (2) ablest preachers who can be found, at That in the meanwhile the duty on im- an expense of about $7,000 annually, ported opium may be increased for the evangelization of his people. three-fold. (3) That the accumu- He offers a small settlement on his lated stocks of Indian opium, estate in Manchuria free of charge to amounting to about 20,000 chests, all Christians who may apply. Anmay be sold without a time limit, but that the Indian imports shall

other case is that of Dr. Ming, who There are two out appointments on has a hospital in Hangchow, where 50,000 patients are treated each year. this circuit, thirteen and twenty miles His work is so widely known in many provinces that if one is being imposed distant. One of the workers, with upon one has but to say that one will report the matter to Dr. Ming, and it body convulsed with emotion and eyes is usually settled without more difficulty. Principal Chang Po Ling, of streaming with tears, told yesterday of Tientsin, is an educator who is also a social reformer, fighting foot-binding, the state of the Church where he is: early marriages and other abuses. He led hi's own brother to Christ, and has "Every member is in trouble," said he. the satisfaction of hearing that he is the first signer of the declara- "To be reviled and curst is considtion card of the recently organized Chinese Volunteer Movement for the ered light-most of them have heen ministry. As director of the Y. M. C. A., Mr. Chang had the principal maltreated and beaten. . The part in securing a gift of $I3,OOO from H. E. Ou Yang for the new building load is more than I can carry and I site at Tientsin. feel utterly broken and cast down." Chinese Students Accepting Christ The preacher here is a grandson of J W. CLINE writes in Regions Be- • 'j/ond: We have been holding "old lady Wang," of wheelbarrow special services with students for a few days in spite of the very real fame. He is just out of college a difficulties in the way. Last night seven young men manifested very couple of years. He's a jewel. Wish clearly their determination to lead the Christian life and submitted them- we had twenty more like him. He selves to Jesus Christ. Twelve young m'en publicly declared their intention kneels in prayer and in a quiet, pleadto spend their lives in preaching the gospel. They seemed very much in ing tone, prays for God's blessing on earnest and formed a volunteer bancl. During the same series of meetings the people and within two minutes the 6 young women of the Laura Haygood school (just across the street from us) whole congregation in audible, but set themselves apart for definite Christian work. Our hearts are encour- subdued tones are also pleading for aged. mercy. Some North China Native Christians Prayer Asked for a Chinese Governor FROM a letter written by the Rev. George 'N. Verity, in the course AT the meeting of the Methodist Fuchau annual conference a reof a three weeks' country itinerating markable occurrence took place. Gentrip in August among the villages eral Sung, the governor of the provaround Taianfu, is taken the follow- ince, visited the conference as a guest, ing: and by request of one of his aides, prayer was offered for him and his You at home have no idea what it is associates, Bishop Bashford praying. to be in a heathen land and what a and General Sung reverently bowing" hard time these poor people have who his head. Then a week later General try to break away from heathenism. Sung invited the missionaries to his residence, entertaining them and ut- tering the most friendly sort of a welcome to China of the heralds of Christianity. "I am glad the Church is here to save the souls of the Chi- nese people." "We should thank you for all the good you have done." "I ask of you that you join with us for the uplift of this great empire." Re- sponses were made by Bishops Bash- ford and Oldham, by Drs. Gamewell and Hobart, and Mr. Hobart. Several of the men of the province taking a distinct lead in the insurrection are native members of our Church.

A Christian Printing Establishment T HE Commercial Press, Limited, of Shanghai, has twenty branches in various Chinese cities, and a capi-

WORLD-WIDE MISSIONARY NEWS

tal of $1,000,000, one-third held by help the weak, to champion the cause Japanese and two-thirds by Chinese. of the poor and lowly." More than 1,000 are employed. Its managers are Christian, as also are Dr. Sun never attacks Confucius 60 per cent. of those in responsible or Buddha. He always appeals dipositions. rectly and fervently, and he wins over young and old. To a meeting The Bible in Great Demand of students he said, "My brothers, applied practical Christianity is our T HE American Bible Society has true need. Away with commentaries reports from its agent in China, and doubts. God asks your obedishowing that, in spite of the interrup- ence, not your patronage. He detion of its work caused by the revolu- mands your service, not your critition, its colporteurs have still been able to distribute the Scriptures with CiSl11." unexpected success. In Western Szechuan the Rev. Mr. Torrance, at It is rather significant that, at Dr. Chengtu, reports for the quarter end- Sun's request, Rev. Eugen Sien, pasing November 30th, a total distribu- tor of the Chinese Christian Union tion of nearly II,OOO copies. When in Chicago since 1903, and a promithe new republic was proclaimed Mr. nent missionary among the Chinese Torrance sent copies of the Bible in that great city, left for China in and the Testament to the President February. Rev. Sien and Dr. Sun of the new government and the leader were playmates in Honolulu years of the Provincial Assembly, which ago, and when the fugitive, who was were appreciatively received. The destined to overthrow the Manchu official proclamation issued by the new dynasty, came to Chicago last Octoauthorities laid special stress on the ber, to further his plans for the revoobligation not to molest churches or lution, he went into seclusion at the foreigners. In Canton district there home of his boyhood friend. In his is an unprecedented demand for prosperity Dr. Sun remembers his Scriptures; also in Peking and the Christian friends, and it augurs well vicinity. The Rev. Mr. Hirst, at for the new Chinese RepUblic that Hanyang, distributed 400 portions to the new leaders do not hesitate to the soldiers, who were glad to get call Chinese Christians to their aid in them. the difficult task before them, and place them in positions of high au- The Physician Who Overthrew the thority and great power.

Manchus JAPAN-KOREA A WRITER in the London West- A Japanese Methodist Bishop minster Gazette, who knows Dr. Sun Yat Sen well, pays him the great T HE Rev. Yoshiasu Hiraiwa; D.D., compliment of calling him unselfish, who was consecrated as the secpatriotic, courageous and able. He ond bishop of the Japan Methodist also asserts that the fugitive physician Church, April 7th, succeeding the late who did so much to found the Chi- Bishop Yoitsu Honda, is by birth a nese Republic is a sincere and humble- member of the old warlike' Samurai minded Christian, who translates into clan which gave his predecessor to action the teachings of the Sermon Japan Methodism. Like the sainted on the Mount. He says: "Jesus of Bishop Honda, he is an energetic, even Nazareth is to Sun Yat Sen a source tireless worker and. has been promiof joy and comfort. All through the nent in the evangelistic and educapages of history, the heroes, saints tional work of Japan Methodism for and martyrs have been speaking to more than twenty years. In young us of the brotherhood of God, the manhood he was graduated from a brotherhood of ma,n~ the need to Canadian mission school in Tokyo, after which he came to North Amer- ica and st11died in ~he Victoria Uni-

versity, Toronto. Upon his return to when, by his loving influence, he won Japan he served various pastorates in 60 of his relatives to join the Chris- the Canadian Methodist Church, one tian Church. A year ago he experi- of which is especially noteworthy, enced the joy of seeing the last home namely the Central Tabernacle in in his village turn Christian!"

Tokyo, of which he was pastor until Self-sacrifice Among Koreans DR. 19IO, when he became the official head GEORGE HEBER JONES, of of the Kwansei Gakuin of Kobe, which, in July of that year, became a Korea, states that 85 per cent. of union institution conducted by the M. the work carried on in Korea is self- E. Church, South, and the Canadian supporting. The Koreans know how Methodist Church, having previous to to give-men mortgage their own that time been conducted by the for- houses to lift the mortgage from the mer denomination. church. As a rule the Korean people A Christian Memorial in Japan are poor, and it is only the wealthier class among them that can afford tile T HE Christian I ntelligencer of Ja- roofs to their houses; all others have pan (Fukuin Shimpo) recently straw thatches. In one village the told about a woman in Chiba whose people had succeeded in building a husband died ten years ago and is now church, but because of lack of money commemorating him by paying alI the had to put a straw thatch on it. It so expenses of a special series of evan- happened that one of the members gelistic meetings. One has no difficulty possest a tile roof, and seeing that the in believing that a husband so com- Lord's house was faring worse than memorated must have been during his his own, removed the roof and placed life intensely interested in Christian it on the church, taking the straw things. It is an old Japanese custom thatch for his own house.

to commemorate the anniverseries of Presbyterian Union in Korea the death of near relatives and this adaptation of it to Christian customs THE Korean Presbyterian General is most significant. Assembly will meet in September.

A The Fruit of Fidelity This assembly will be representative of the entire Presbyterian work in BIBLE Society agent in Korea Korea, in which four Presbyterian tells the story of a young man bodies cooperate-the Northern Pres- named Chun, the first in his village byterians, the Southern Presbyterians, to accept the "Jesus Doctrine," and the Australian Presbyterians, and the whose faithful testimony was blest Canadian Presbyterians. The organi- to his father, who died in the faith zation of this assembly will be a no- of Christ. Thereupon the storm table event in the history of mission- burst upon the young man, because ary work. The rapidity with which he refused to allow his parent to be the Korean Church has grown is trace- buried according to heathen rites. able largely to the evangelistic zeal of "With the help of the colporteur and the natives and the fact that large re- some Christians from another place sponsibility was placed upon the native he carried his aged father's body converts in the beginning for the away for reverent Christian burial. spread of the Gospel in their own land. 'My father,' he ~aid, 'shall not be His Word Gives Light in Japan buried as if he were dead forever, A but as one who believed in everlast- YOUNG man, living in a small village on Lake Suwa, in the ing life.' His relatives now turned him out of the village, and he suf- province of Shinano, Japan, one day fered the loss of home, fields, and came to the home of an old man living livelihood. Still he remained faithful in a village across the lake, and found to ChrISt. Finally the time came him, sitting by the charcoal brazier

It)I2] WORLD-WIDE MISSIONARY NEWS

("hibachi"), reading an old book. It ways pointing in the direction from was the Bible, of which the young which the intruder is expected to man had heard and which he had come. This is to protect the recesses longed to read. So he asked the old of the forest, the hiding-place ar- man to lend to him the precious book, ranged for the women and children in but the old man shook his head and case of a raid by some other tribe, or said, "I can not part with it a day. It upon the part of the Belgian Govern- is my constant companion and guide. ment, which they cordially hate.

But I have here a portion of John's "Dr. Morrison tells me that they Gospel, which I will give to you." He are very deadly, the poison coming took the book and hurried home to from the dead body of a person who his sick sister. They read it together, has been buried for some time. The again and again. The truth dawned slightest scratch causes blood-poison- upon them. They believed, they threw ing. The curious part of it is that they away their idols, they prayed, and they will wound a monkey or parrot with were graciously converted. Then the one of those arrows. The animal or young man began to search for a copy bird goes off and dies; and when they of the whole Bible, but could not find have found it, they will eat it and feel it in the villages around his home. So no inconvenience. It is hard to real- he set out on foot for Tokyo, 70 miles ize that anything can be made of such away, where he expected to be able to people, but the Gospel is truly the buy a Bible from Rev. U yemura, power of God unto salvation. I have whose name he had found on some already been among several tribes tract. He walked over the hills and which are either cannibals or have through the tunnels, until he reached been. I have been treated with all the great city, where he purchased a kindness, because some one has be- Bible from Rev. Uyemura at once. come a Christian, or perhaps because Hearing of the Bible-school under the the entire tribe has given up its hea- care of that minister, he wanted to then practises and has become humane enter it at once, but was persuaded to on account of Christianity.

return to his village and witness to its "On our journey overland, our people for one year. Thus, he went mainstay will be a man who is the most back to his home, and during the next reliable elder in the Presbyterian twelve months he taught the children Church, and yet that man came from of the village and the adults about a cannibal tribe, and when a boy at- Jesus, held street meetings, and dis- tended their orgies. There is no dem- tributed tracts. Then he entered the onstration greater than this, of the Bible school in Kashiwagi for train- wonderful, powerful grace of God and ing, finished its course, and became a power of His Spirit."

worker in the villages of Chiba, where he has already brought many souls SOUTH AFRICA into the light of the Gospel. Union of Effort in South Africa Bishop Lambuth Among Cannibals ROM Natal comes the important F N the heart of Africa, the Methodist news that the Berlin Missionary I Episcopal Church (South), carries Society, the Norwegian Missionary So- on work among dwarf and cannibal ciety, and the Swedish Church Mission tribes, and Bishop Lambuth, in the have united in the ttaining of native M issianary Vaice, gives briefly a de- missionary helpers, teachers, and pas- scription of a trip through a deep for- tors for that field. Each society will est which he had just made. "The have charge of one training institu- Batwa," he writes, "is a tribe of tion, in which one class of workers dwarfs near here, but poisoned arrow- will be educated for all three societies.

heads in the path, hidden among the Thus, the training-school of the Berlin leaves or stuck in the ground and al- Society at Emmaus will be used for

the training of evangelists only, the OBITUARY training-school of the Norwegian Society at Umpumulo will be used for John McLaurin, D.D. the training of teachers only, and a training-school (seminary) for native T HERE died in Toronto on March preachers will be founded in Oscars- 28, 1912, a faithful Baptist misberg and conducted by the Swedish sionary, John McLaurin. Born in Church Mission. Since the three so- 1839 in Osgoode, Glengarry, he was cieties are strictly Lutheran, no doc- born again at the age of fifteen and trinal differences stood in the way of early heard the Master's call to the this most desirable cooperation. ministry. When still a student he be- came the pastor of the church in Strat- MISCELLANEOUS ford but the call to the foreign field seemed to him of greater importance The Indian Census Figures than the service at home. In the au- tumn of 1869, Mr. and Mrs. McLau- A CORRECTION rin sailed for India as missionaries of the American Missionary Union and I N our June number a misleading settled at Ramapatan in the spring of statement appeared in reference to 1870. Then he was transferred to the the growth of Christianity in India. Ongole field, where he baptized 1,100 It was there stated: "The census of converts during his two years' stay. 1911 shows over 100 per cent. advance among Christians in the last In r873 the Canadian Baptists dedecade, as compared with less than cided to found an Independent Mission 8 per cent. increase in the native popu- at Coconada and the McLaurins were lation." The advance has been large, chosen for the field, where they areven phenomenal, but not as large as rived on March 12, 1874. In that these figures would indicate. The field John McLaurin labored faithfigures were misprinted and should fully and successfully, until his health have read "30 per cent. advance gave out and he, more dead than alive, among Christians." The increase of set sail for Canada in 1887. A year Protestants has been much larger- later, partly recovered, he was apa 67 per cent. increase-and among pointed Secretary of the Board and some denominations much greater did splendid work for the next three still. The Congregationalists in South years. But he was not content, and India and the Presbyterians show a being physically unable to rejoin the 300 per cent. increase in membership, Canadian forces on the plains of India, and the Methodists 140 per cent. he accepted the appointment of the growth in the past ten years Missionary Board to carryon literary work at Bangalore in r891. In it he The total number of Christians, ac- continued until 1908, when failing cording to the India "Blue Book," is health drove him to Toronto. 2,923,241 in 1901 and 3,876,203 in 191 I-an increase of 952,692. The John McLaurin was a genuine other figures quoted in the June num- Christian, a warm-hearted, wholeber of the REVIEW are correct. Ro- souled missionary, whose one plea man Catholics claim 1,394,000 adher- was for the evangelization of the ents in 191 I, as compared with 1,122,- world. The Canadian Baptist Mission 000 in I.901-an increase of 272,000, in India which he founded, is aknowor 24 per cent. Syrian Christians ledged as one of the best-managed number about 740,000 and the remain- and most successful missions in the ing 1,442,000 are native Christian world. He himself babtized over2,Soo Protestants. European and American converts. residents in India number about 200,000. AND MISSION LANDS AMONG THE ESKIMOS OF LABRADOR. By Dr. Christian folk, who read the Bible in S. K Hutton. Illustrated. 8vo, 340 pp. their own tongue and obey its pre- 16s., net. Seeley, Service & Co., Lon- cepts in their national as well as their don, 1912. individual life. They love the neat little church which is the center of This well printed and well illus- each Christian vilJage, and even when trated book contains a sketch map away at their hunting and fishing of the Atlantic Coast, and an excel- places they keep the Sabbath and lent map of the whole Labrador penin- gather together for worship. sula. All this and much more Dr. Hutton The author is a missionary and a has brought out with a wealth of detraveler who has made the Eskimos tail, which is delightful reading. his "friends." He narrates some incidents of heroic self-sacrifice for others, and of grateful devotion to the THE CHINESE REVOLUTION. By Arthur J. missionary, partly from his own ardu- Brown. 8vo, 217 pp. $1.00. Student ous and often perilous sledge or boat Volunteer Movement, New York, 1912.

journeys. "If it be true that the proper study Dr. Samuel King Hutton, medical of Mankind is man, the study of China missionary in charge of the Moravian is the most ·proper study of the Mission Hospital at Okak in Northern world to-day" says Dr. Arthur Jud- Labrador, writes as one who knows son Brown. "The Chinese Revolu- the 111nuit, "the people," as the Eski- tion," is a popular history of recent mos are wont to call themselves with events, adapted both for general read- a degree of proper pride. ing and for mission study circles.

The Eskimos as portrayed by Dr. The greatness of the theme is set forth Hutton are a lovable people, for the as follows: "An important element grace of God is manifest in them. His in the significance of the Revolution early chapters wisely tell of the na- lies in the magnitude of the nation tives in their more primitive state, as which it affects. Even a small country one finds them in their tents or their may influence the world, as the history snowhuts at Killinek, the northern- of Greece, Palestine, and the N ether- most outpost of the Labrador mission. lands reminds us. Bulk does not al- But, "at the other stations with their ways mean proportionate power, as weather beaten wooden huts and their Africa illustrates. But when huge trim, White-painted mission houses, size and potential equality are com- life gives a true picture of a native bined, and when the whole mighty Christian community.': mass begins to move and to come into At the same time Dr. Hutton direct contact with other and smaller emphasizes the fact that they are the or weaker peoples, and all other true Eskimos still and he repeatedly peoples are smaller or weaker than praises the wisdom of the generations the Chinese. the possibilities of the of missionaries, who have all along situation are almost overwhelming."

been at pains to maintain the Eskimo Thrilling is the sketch of Yuan national character and customs The Shih Kai, and the account of Sun Yat Gospel brought to Labrador by the Sen's rise from obscurity to second.

first Moravian missionaries in the mid- highest place in the new Republic.

dle of the 18th century has made the The marvellous development of the Eskimo a better Eskimo. And to-day country in the last three years, is des- the coast of Labrador is no more in- cribed in striking terms and bits of habited by heathen savages, but by a miscellaneous information are packed simple, good-humored and kindly into the pages illustrating the density of China's population, the author says author has written on the subject and the province of Shantung has 38,247,- he throws a flood of light on the con- 900 inhabitants, and its area is about ditions in Latin America-good and that of Missouri. Of the wealth of evil. Read the chapter on "Present natural resources, is revealed in one Religious Conditions." Educational province of Shen-si which it is and religious problems are especially thought, could supply the entire world emphasized but the book can not fail with anthracite coal for a thou- to appeal to men who have interest sand years, The work of mission- in the continent or in the Kingdom of aries has not only brought about moral God. reforms but has opened the way for products of western genius and manu- Three chapters deal with the foundfacture. America's merchandise and ing, extension and present status of food products are imported and pres- the Roman Catholic Church in South sure of foreign commerce has brought America. Facts are given regarding about economic transformations of social immorality, ignorance, the prostupendous proportions. hibition of the Bible to the people, and the character of the priesthood, which "N0 longer is the ambitious Asiatic will make unpleasant reading for some content with the classics of Confu- –but all statements are backed by cius," writes Dr. Brown, "he is study- convincing testimony from within the ing the very things that Americans established church. are studying. Ambitious young men of China will get a modern educa- With telling effect four direct question, and they will get it either from a tions are asked and answered in the Christian or non-Christian. Mission concluding pages of the book, viz.: schools were, for a long time, the only institutions in the entire country which Are Protestant missions in South gave their pupils a modern education. America warranted? But now there are Government schools of all grades, and the inten- Can such missions avoid Roman option is to provide one elementary position? If not, should they be conschool for every 400 families in the tinued? empire within five years and school accommodations for 45,000,000 chil- How may they secure adequate redren within ten years." cognition and support?

An index of the modernization of SOUTH AMERICA TO-DAY. By George China is the fact noted that there is Clemenceau. Illustrated. 8vo, 434 pp. now a woman's daily paper in Peking, G. P. Putnam's Sons, New York, 1911. and that in the new Republic there is to be woman suffrage. Where Dr. Speer's book on South America is strong, this "study" by the Dr. Brown has given us a clear and former Prime Minister of France is convincing presentation of the pro- exceptionally weak. We are forced to gress of New China and the impor- conclude that he was either ignorant tance of winning the land to Christ. of South America or that he feared to speak out: He writes in complimen- SOUTH AMERICAN PROBLEMS. By Robert tary language of all that he sees, with- E. Speer. 12mo, 265 PP. 75 cents. out criticism or insight. For any real Student Volunteer Movement, New information as to moral and spiritual York, 1912. conditions in South America the book is valueless. Its description of scenes The visit of Dr. Speer to South and scenery are good. America and his outspoken addresses on the spiritual claims of the Southern THE LAND OF GOOD HOPE. By Rev. Her- Continent on the Christians of the bert Moore, M.A. Map. Illustrated. North, made a stir in both Roman 12mo, 172 pp. S. P. G., London, 1911. Catholic and in Protestant circles. This is the first volume the honored Mr. Moore's Mission Study Circle book gives a remarkably readable, clear and concise description of South Africa and its missions. The photo- graphic illustrations are also iIlumi-

ON MISSIONS AND MISSION LANDS

nating and there is a good bibliogra- the moral fiber of the social fabric can phy and index. After an account of not be ignored from prudery or false the land and the people, the author delicacy. Evtry home in the land is tells of their religious observances and more or less interested in solving one beliefs. He then records with re- of the most pressing problems in life markable fulness and accuracy the to-day. various kinds of missionary work done among the Europeans and na- The work of enslaving souls is cartives. There is an Anglican flavor to ried on by powerful and cunning the book especially where it deals with agents, who are plotting day and night Ethiopianism and overlapping, but it the ruin of young womanhood and is on the whole broad minded and only the most aggressive warfare waged by the forces of Christianity jUdicious. can check the growth of this mon- strous evil. The weakness of the book THE ADVANCE GUARD OF MISSIONS. By is that it offers no solution of the prob- Clifford G. Howell. 12mo, 347 pp. lem and no salvation for the ruined $1.50, postpaid. Pacific Press Publish- souls. When men and women are ing Co., Mountain View, Ca1., 1912. truly united to Jesus Christ there will be no such social problem. The most interesting way to study history is through biography. Men THE RUSS[AN PEOPLE. By Maurice Baring. and women are the center of move- Maps. 8vo, 366 pp. $3.50, net. George ments. Glimpses at various pioneer H. Doran Co., New York, 1912. periods in home and foreign missions are given in these sketches of such Russia is still in the dark ages. Her men as Marcus Whitman, John Eliot, government is, if possible, worse than Hans Egede, Henry Martyn, Dr. that of Turkey. She is working for Judson, Gordon Hall, Guido Verbeck material advancement and political and twenty others. The stories are power but not with moral, intellectual well told but poorly published. and spiritual welfare of the people. Mr. Maurice Baring, gives us a key THE GIRL THAT GOES WRONG. By Regi- to the situation in Russia. He de- nald W. Kauffman. 12mo, 226 pp. scribe.s the country, climate, people $1.25, net. Moffat, Yard & Co., New and hIstory in an illuminating way and York, 1911. shows how the present conditions have resulted. This volume might almost be called "vVhat a young girl ought to know" In the concluding chapter on "Reliin fact but not by experience. By a gion in Russia," Mr. Baring notes the series of biographical sketches the following facts: author shows the causes, forces and social conditions which lead to the (I) Outward religious observances degradation of young women 111 are very noticeable in Russia. America. He handles a difficult and painful subject with delicacy and dis- (z) The Russians are deeply religcretion; a frank and yet reticent real- ious by nature. ism which loses nothing of its power to convince and move because so much (3) Religion in Russia is a part of must be left unsaid. It is a book that patriotism. A man who is not Orthoevery parent and teacher should read. dox is considered not loyal.

Mr. Kauffman obtained his material (4) The educated classes are frankat first-hand, and the true stories of ly atheistic. these ruined lives, need no coloring to make them impressive and tragic. (5) The Russian is realistic in reli- gion and conservative in the retention There was need this book should be of tradition, custom and ritual. written to open the eyes of men and women who are ignorant of the causes The author, who was formerly in through which the legion of the lost the British Diplomatic Service, and is is recruited. An evil which affects accepted as an authority on Russia, has no hope or expectation that church and state will ever be separated in Russia, or that they will ever be given

true religious liberty. vVe believe that IN FORBIDDEN CHINA. An Account of the the hope of Russia is the religious D'Ollone Mission, 1906-1909. By Visawakening among the student class. count D'Ollone. Translated by Ber- nard MialL Illustrated, 8vo. ISs net THE MISSIONS OF OUR NATION. By James T. Fisher Unwin, London, 1912.' . F. Love, D.D. 12mo, 240 pp. $1.00, net. Revell, 1912. THE GOODLY FELLOWSHIP. By Rachel C.

Home Mission books are less popu- Schauffier. $1.25. The Macmillan Co., lar than foreign missionary books be- New York, 1912. cause there is less of novelty in them. Here is one which, while not novel, is THE LIFE OR LEGEND OF GAUDAMA. The a strong missionary appeal for America for the sake of the world. This is Buddha of the Burmese. With Annothe right view of home missions. tations. The Ways to Neibban and Notice on the Phongyies or Bn;mese INDIA AND DAILY LIFE IN BENGAL. By Z. F. Griffin. Illustrated. 12mo, 214 pp. Monks. By the Right Rev. P. Bigan- $1.00, net. American Baptist P. S., det. 2 vols., 8vo, 267-326 pp. $7.00, net. Philadelphia, 1912. E. P. Dutton & Co., New York, 1912.

This third edition of missionary life THE ADVENTURE OF LIFE. By Wilfred T. and work in one of India's provinces GrenfelL 12mo, 155 pp. $1.10, net. answers many questions in a clear Houghton, Mifflin Co., Boston, 1912. -and satisfactory way. The chapter on British Rule in India shows the many THE NYASA MISSION. By Bishop]' Taybenefits which that rule has conferred lor Hamilton, D.D. Illustrated. Moin the administration of justice, the ravian Missions, Bethlehem, Pa., 1912. maintainance of peace, the development of education, and the improve- PERSIA TO-DAY. By W. Morgan Shuster. ment of social and sanitary conditions. Illustrated. 8vo. 12s, 6d, net. T . Fisher Unwin, London, 1912.

MORMONISM-THE ISLAM OF AMERICA. By Bruce Kinney, D.D. Illustrated. 12mo, 189 pp. 50 cents. Fleming H. Revell Co., New York, 1912.

CHILDREN OF BORNEO. By Edwin H. Gomes, M.A. Illustrated. 12mo, 93 pp. 15, 6d, net. Oliphant, Anderson & Ferrier Edinburgh and London, 1912. '

Only a brief portion of the volume FIVE M1SSIONARY MINUTES. Brief Missiondeals directly with Christian missions, ary .Material for Platform Use in the but the two chapters on the subj ect show their history and methods. Sunday-school for Fifty-two Sundays 111 the Year. By George H. Trull. 16mo, 122 pp. 50 cents. Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions, New York ' NEW BOOKS 1912.

i'l. HALF CENTURY AMONG THE SIAMESE AND THE GREAT DOCTRINES OF THE BIBLE. By THE LAO. An Autobiography by Daniel Rev. William Evans, D.D. 8vo, 275 J1cGilvary, D.D. With an Apprecia- pp. $1.50, net, postage, 15 cents. Bible In- tion by Arthur]' Brown, D.D. Illus- stitute Colportage Association, Chicago, trated, 8vo, 435 pp. $2.00, net. Fleming 1912. H. Revell Co., New York, 1912. AN ANALYSIS OF CHRISTIAN SCIENCE BASED THE SAINTS OF FORMOSA. Life and W or- ON ITs OWN STATEMENTS. By I. M. ship in a Chinese Church. By Camp- Haldeman, D.D. Pamphlet, 37 pp. 10 bell N. Moody. Illustrated. 12mo, 251 cents. Charles C. Cook, New York, pp. 3s. 6d., net. Oliphant, Anderson 1912. & Ferrier, Edinburgh, 1912. THE MESSIAH OF THE TARGUMS, TALMUDS CHrNA'S NEW DAY. A Study of Events AND RABBIN1CAL WRITERS. By Joseph That Have Led to Its Coming. By Isaac' M. Tydings, M.D. Pamphlet. Joseph Taylor Headland, D.D. Illustrated, 12mo, M. Tydings, M.D., Louisville, Ky., 263 pp. 50 cents. Central Committee on 1912. the United States Study of Missions, West Medford, Mass., 1912. RELIGION AND SLAVERY. A Vindication of MEN AND MANNERS OF MODERN CHINA. By the Southern Churches. By J. H. the Rev. ]. Macgowan. Illustrated, 8vo, 125, 6d, net. T. Fisher Unwin, London, MeN eilly, D.D. 88 pp. 35c" paper. 1912. Smith & Lamar, Nashville, 1912.

CHINA'S REVOLUTION, 1911-1912. A His- THE MAKING OF NORTHERN NIGERIA. By Capt. C. W. ]. Orr. 8s. 6d., net. Mac- millan & Co., London, 1911.

torical and Political Record of the KHONT-HON-NOFER: THE LANDS OF ETHI- OPIA. By H. K. Kumm, Ph.D. Illus- Civil War. By Edwin J. Dingle. Illus- trated, 6s., net. Marshall Bros., Ltd., trated, 8vo. ISs, net. T. Fisher Un- London. 1911.

win, London, 1912.