The Missionary Review of the World — June 1938

1938

The Modern City Number Christ at the Center of City Life Aubrey S. Moore Meeting the Modem City Problems Herbert E. Eberhardt. The Youth Problem in the City What Church Federations Can Do Robert V. Russell God and Company……Unlimited Walter R. Mee Serving Christ in Crowded Streets M. W. Pullen Preaching the Gospel to City Folk Putting the Gospel to the Test Robert A. McKibben Contacts with Industrial Workers Harry A. Ironside When a Policeman Is Transformed J. F. Harrison The Inner and the Outer City A. J. Muste A United Church Project Paul Buffa What a Suburban Church Can Do Best Books on the City Problem Ernest G. Guthrie G. R. Larson 25 Cents a Copy Frank A. Fitt Charles H. Sears $2.50 a Year '

to Remember September 21-28 – General Council, PARENTS~ ••

United Church of Canada, Toronto, June 2-General Synod, Reformed Canada. In the Foreign Mission Field Church in America, Asbury Park, N. J. October 5-12 – United L u the ran Endorse Calvert: School Church in America, Biennial Con- Home Study Courses June 2-Fiftieth Anniversary of the vention, Baltimore, Md. Women's Missionary Society, Gen- Eor Childrel!l eral Synod of the Evangelical and October 14-20 – American Lutheran Reformed Church, Akron, Ohio. Church, Biennial Convention, San- Calvert School, through its Home Instruc- dU!lky, Ohio. tion Department, will give your child a superior elementary education ••• by mail, June 7-27-Indian Workers Confer- regardless of where you may live. Modences. Four Regional Conferences ern, approved courses from this famous of the National Fellowship of In- , Personal Items school are being used by parents allover dian Workers. (1) The Oklahoma the world with outstanding success. Conference, to be held at Dwight Mr. Robert L. Latimer for 45 years Training School, Marble City, Okla., treasurer of the Board of Foreign Give your children the advantages of these June 7-9. (2) The Southwest Re- Missions of the United Presbyterian interesting lessons, carefully chosen books, gional Conference, at the Navajo Church has retired and his place has and attractive materials. Instruction is Methodist School, Farmington,N.M., , been fill~d by Dr. R. W. Caldwell, Fi-, under the personal guidance of teachers in June 14-16. (3) Pacific Northwest nancial Secretary of the Board. Calvert's prominent and successful private Regional Conference, at the Nez day school in Baltimore. Perces Camp Meeting Grounds, *** Craigmont, Idaho, June 20-22. (4) Write today for booklet of complete in- The Midwest Regional Conference, Dr. Mills J. Taylor, Associate Sec- formation. Costs are low. at the College of Agriculture, Uni- retary of the United Presbyterian versity of Wisconsin, Madison, Wis., Board of Foreign Missions plans to CALVERT SCHOOL , June 24-27. These Conferences are visit the mission fields, leaving Ameropen to all friends of the Indians. ica about May first, with Mrs. Taylor ISOW. Tuscany Road ' and returning in January, 1939. Baltimor. + Maryland June 8-Synod of Christian Reformed *** United States. At Amarillo, Texas, Church, Grand Rapids, Michigan. 6,500 persons heard the Gipsy, and Dr. Paul J. Braisted, General Sec- many more were unable to get into the June 9-15-Norwegian Lutheran retary of the Student Volunteer Move- auditorium. Synod Convention, Mankato, Min- ment, has been elected Campus Sec- retary for the University Christian Sir Wilfred *T. *Gr*enfell, who has nesota. Mission to succeed the Rev. J. Max- served 45 years as a voluntary med- June 15-22-General Council of Con- well Adams. Dr. Braisted will give ical missionary in Newfoundland and gregational and Christian Churches, only a portion of his time to his new Labrador, recently celebrated his 73d office. birthday on an island off the coast of Beloit, Wisconsin. Georgia. Because of a chronic heart *** ailment, he may never be able 'to re- June 16-24 – Winona School of Mis- turn to Labrador, where hospitals, sions, Winona Lake, Indiana. Mrs. . Bi~op Henry,W. Hobson, of Cin- schools and nursing stations bear his Wm. Eckert, 1612 South 11th St., CinnatI, has been elected president of Maywood, Illinois. the "Movement for World Christi- name. anity," an interdenominational organ- June 18-25 ~ Geneva Summer School ization created in 1934, as a result of Obituary Notel for Missionary Education, Geneva the Laymen's Commission Report on Lake, Wisconsin. Write for infor- Foreign Missions. Bishop Hobson has The Rev. Dr. Eddy H. Greeley, for mation to Mrs. Paul H. Wezaman, attracted wide interest by literally fifty years a missionary of the Meth- 177 So. Humphrey Ave., Oak Park, carrying the church to the people in a odist Episcopal Church in Liberia and specially constructed trailer, called Rhodesia, died on April 8, at; Old Ill. Umtali, Rhodesia, at the age of 80 years. He was born at Owakonna, June 22-29 – General Synod, Evan- "St. Paul's Wayside Cathedral," re- Minnesota, in 1857, and was a cousin gelical and Reformed Churches, placing the cathedral in downtown of Horace Greeley. After graduation Columbus, Ohio. Cincinnati, as reported in the REVIEW from Hamblein University, St. Paul, he sailed for Liberia in 1888. He June 25-27-National Council of Fed- for April. *** introduced new plant life into Old erated Church Women, Eagles Umtali to add to the variety of native Mrs. J. P. White, editor of the foods. He was known especially as a Mere, Pa. Women's Missionary Magazine of the hymnodist and translator and for United Presbyterian Church. who has some years wrote the Sunday school June 25-July 2-Mt. Hermon Feder- been touring the foreign field of the lessons for missionaries and teachers. ated School of Missions, Mt. Her- Church, arrived in America on April mon, Cal. 14. Miss Anna A. Milligan, former C. Luther Fr*y, P*h.D* ., who did con- Educational Secretary of the United June 26-July 1- Church Conference Presbyterian Board of Foreign Mis- siderable work on the census of re- of Social Workers, Seattle, Wash- ligious bodies in the United States ington. and for five years was professor of Sociology in the University of Roch- June 28-July 3 – International Con- sions. who has spent the winter in ester, died on April 12, after a brief vention of Christian Endeavor, Egypt, will make a wider visit of for- illness. From 1922 to 1933 Dr. Fry Columbus, Ohio. eign ,missions before returning to was Director of the Bureau of Stand- ards of the Institute of Social and Re- July 11-19 – Northfield Missionary America. ** ligious Research of New York. He Conference, Northfield, Mass. Miss H*. was the author of "American Vil- Corona Rayle Cook, 16 Farnham Dr. James Rushbrooke, Execu- lagers," "The United States Looks tive Secretary of the Baptist World at Its Churches," and other volumes. St., Portland, Maine. Alliance, went to Bucharest to study He was born in Philadelphia, the'son the situation faced by Baptists in July 12-August 17 – Winona Lake Roumania, ana was granted an inter- (Concluded on 3d cO'IJer.) School of Theology, Winona Lake, view by King Carol and the Rou- Indiana. manian premier. The difficulties now seem to be under control. August 23-29-World Conference on International Friendship Through the Churches, Larvik, Norway. Evangelist G*ips*y *Smith. now 77 September 6-20 – World's You n g years old, declares that he has never Women's Gh r i s t ian Association, addressed greater crowds or more Canada. , September 11-16-International Con- eager young people, and has never vention of the Disciples of Christ, seen greater results of presenting the Gospel than in his latest tour of the Denver, Colo.

MISSIONARY I want to express a word of appre- Malwa-the Great

REVIEW OF THE WORLD ciation for the REVIEW and what it means in the program of missions. When Ihe good wOl'k VOL. LXI JUNE, 1938 No.6 Leaders in our missionary societies and groups throughout the country p.o calls yo. Basi … sail Publication and Business omc_ subscribe to it regularly. During our Third and Reily Sts., Harrlsburc, Pa. annual convention in June, when our This year marks a full century of P & 0 new program of missions is inaugu- service to the lands beyond Suez! When- Editorial and Executive omc_ rated, special prominence is given to ever you are called to the other side of the 156 Fifth Avenue, New York City. the place that the REVIEW has in help- world, choose this traditional route. Cross Entered as second-class matter at ing to create effective missionary pro- to England by Cunard White Star … and grams. It is our sincere wish that the then embark in a great liner of the P & 0 Post Omce, Harrlsburc, P•., under REVIEW will continue to hold this im- and British India fleets, led by the new Act of March 3, 1879. portant place in the program of mis- 23,500-ton Stratheden and Strathallan, sions. featuring air-conditioned dining saloons 25 cents a copy-$2.50 a year. in first class, hot and cold running water Foreign Postage, 50 cents a year. ADAM W. MILLER, throughout, built-in out-of-door swimming Published monthly, except August. Secretary of the Missionary pools, children'.s playrooms! Regular ser- All rights reserved. Copyrighted 1937. vice to Egypt, Sudan, Persian Gulf, India, British agents – Marshall, Morgan Board of the Church of Burma, Ceylon, Straits Settlements, China, and Scott, 12 Paternoster Buildings, God. Japan, Australia, East and South Africa, London, E. C. 1 shilling per copy, Mauritius. Special reductions and gener- 10 shillings • year. *** ous baggage allowance for missionaries.

MISSIONARY REVIEW PUB- I have been reading the February Convenient through bookings can be ar- LISHING CO., INC. REVIEW today. Have greatly enjoyed rangedbyyourtravelagentoranyoffice of it. It is filled with material that helps BOARD OF DIRECTORS the missionary hope and spirit. The CUNARD WHITE STU UNE ROBE'RT E. SPEBR, Pre••dent articles are helpful and discerning. A. L. WABN8HUl8, Vice-Prerident "The World-Wide Outlook" pages are General Agents W ALTBR McDOUGALL, Treasurer especially helpful. The Moslem Num- DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Secr8tarll ber has also been very useful to mis- 25 Broadway and 638 Fifth Avenue, N. Y. sionary groups. PAUL J. BRAl8TBD SAMUEL McCruu. CAVlIBT REV. STEPHEN J. COREY, D.D., Secretary of the United Christip,n D. J. FANT )lR8. ORRIN R. JUDD Missionary Socie·ty, Indianapo- WM. B. LIPPHABD lis, Ind. ERIC M. NORTH SAMUEL M. ZWEMII1I *** Editorial Chat I read THE REVIEW with great in- terest and profit and wish you all suc- "We have the honor to present"- cess in the conduct of this fine magaour City Mission Study Number of the zine. REVIEW. As usual, more papers came in than one issue–even a larger one H. D. DAVIES, –can accommodate. But it is a large Chicago Regional Secretary, Misand important subject, and worthy of careful study. Other articles on the sions Council of the Congrega- City and the Church will appear in tional and Christian Churches. the July and September numbers. They are some of the best-do not THE PRESBYTERIAn miss them. See the list of held-over articles mentioned on our back cover. -:- The only weekly in the Presbyterian Church. Previous spec*ial *mis*sion study num- .:- Its message is based upon bers have been in great demand, and the Revealed Word of God. some have been sold out before late orders could be filled. Order early. .:- Goes into every state in the Uni6n, U. S. possessions *** and many foreign countries.

The following are some unsolicited Subscription rate – $2.50 comments on the REVIEW recently re- Ministerial rate – – $2.00 ceived: SOc. exfra–Canadian postage *** $1.S0 extra– Foreign postage I follow the articles published in THE PRESBYTERIAn the REVIEW with great interest. Last week I wrote up a note for the Evan- 121 7 Market Street gelical and Reformed Messenger Philadelphia, Pa. recommending the REVIEW to our pastors and general readers. Nothing [257 ] would please me more than to learn that it had won new subscribers.

F. A. GOETSCH, Associate Secretary of the Board of Foreign Missions,Evangeli- cal Synod of N. A.

*** The REVIEW is so valuable to us in our Mission Study that we are turning to you for help in planning our program for next year.

MRS. W. J. GOODWIN. Louisville, Kentucky.

Aerial Surveys

THE MODERN CITY – LOWER NEW YORK – AND ITS TOWERS (One building may accommodate 15,000 tenants and employees) Wide World Photo HUMANITY IN A MODE,RN CITY – TIMES SQUARE, NEW YORK, ON NEW YEAR'S EVE RPVIB ORLD VOLUME LXI AN INTERDENOMINATIONAL REVIEW OF WORLD-WIDE CHRISTIAN PROGRESS NUMBER 6 JUNE, 1938 Topics of the Times CHRIST AND THE MODERN CITY their parks, or with their night life; with their Two American cities (New York and Chicago) commercial activity and culture or with suffering each has a population larger than the whole of humanity; with their magnificent houses or with the United States in 1780. Fourteen of our cities their slums; with their educational institutions contain more people than the estimated popula- or their jails; with their rapid transit or their tion of the whole Roman Empire in Europe at rapid moral decline; with their churches or their saloons and brothels? We know how He dealt the time of Christ. New York City has a larger with Jerusalem, the Royal City. He came there population than Central America, or Arabia, or the whole of Australia (which has nearly the area to teach and to heal, to rebuke and to warn; He wept over the sin and hardness of heart of the of the United States). people; He suffered indignities at the hands of There are ninety-six cities in the United States the chief rulers in Church and State, but He de- with over 100,000 each and 500 cities each with lighted in the children; He loved even His eneover 15,000. These cities represent not only a mies and gave His life to save them from sin and great mass of humanity but here we find, in al- death. Would Jesus look differently on the cities most any large city, men of all races and lan- of today with their mixed multitudes? guages, in all degrees of poverty and wealth, of ignorance and culture; almost every type of reli- 1. If Jesus Christ came to America today, we gious faith and superstition is represented- know that He would first of all look on our city voodooism and theosophy, spiritism and demon- with clear discernment. He would delight in true worship, Islam and Hinduism, Shinto and Confu- beauty but would distinguish between the tawdry cianism, as well as every kind of Christian sect. material things that pass away, and the beauty of life and character that abide. He would see What elements of good and evil are contend- clearly the difference between the wealth that ing for the mastery in these centers of population men seek after and the riches that abide; between -banditry and honest business, commercialized the power that politicians and magnates crave vice and purity, selfish capitalism and philan- and the power that brings life out of death. He thropy, self-seeking labor and sacrificial service, would distinguish between the churches that can anti-God activity and Christian missions! boast only of wealth and social prestige, with What a field for Christian witness and activity beautiful equipment and elaborate ritual, and is presented in the modern city! How would Jesus those churches that may be worshiping only in a Christ look on our American cities if He should transformed saloon but where Christ is exalted, visit them in the flesh today? We know how God where the Gospel is preached and where men, looked on Sodom and its wickedness, and on Baby- women and children are being born anew through lon, the "mother of harlots," in spite of its pal- the power of the Spirit of God. He would disaces and hanging gardens; on Nineveh with its tinguish between empty eloquence and the quiet godlessness and ignorance; on Jerusalem, the testimony of some obscure saint. backsliding city over which Christ wept. How would He look today on New York, Chicago, De- 2. Jesus Christ, today, if He visited our city, troit, Boston, Philadelphia, Washington, St. Louis, would look on the multitudes with compassion as He did in ancient Palestine. He would weep with New Orleans, Los Angeles? Would He be most those who weep and rejoice with those who have ~1JlJ?ress~d. w~th ~heir skfline and the beauty of true cause for jOf. H;e would s~I!athiz~ wit.l1.

~ 259 ~

the sufferers and with those who are oppressed lowering standards in morals and in legislation, by money-getters or political bosses. He would the mad rush to increase armaments and growing distinguish between those who are sinned against, threats of international wars-all these and other and those who lead others astray; between the troubles tend to make men so fearful and full of "bandit" who has had little chance to know a bet- self-pity that many of us are tempted to forget ter way of life, and the honored "bandit" in high the more critical condition of others. As a result places who sins against light. He would denounce we neglect to help them in their hour of need. the hypocrites of all names and stations, and Many appeals have been made to bring help to would say to the misled and underprivileged, "Go, the suffering Chinese in this devastating, unjust sin no more." and cruel war that has been thrust upon them. The Red Cross and other philanthropic and mis- 3. Jesus Christ today would come to our city to sionary agencies are appealing for help for the give instruction and encouragement where they millions of Chi1tese sufferers-the vast hordes of are most needed. He would cheer the struggling wounded, the famine stricken because of war, pastor and the troubled parents. Where the truth those suffering from venereal disease (due largely of God is proclaimed and the love of God is mani- to the invading soldiers), and from cholera and fested' His presence would give light in darkness other epidemics. Doctors, nurses and funds are so that people would flock again to His standard. sorely needed to care for these wounded and dis- He would give hope to the faithful who are eased, to supply ambulances, medicines, bandages, tempted to discouragement, and would point out food and general hospitalization. The need is the way of victory through sacrifice. He would greater than ever and yet the response from make clear again the spiritual forces by which America has been smaller than in any previous He will overcome the world, and would call men crisis. Only about one-third of the $1,000,000 for to "leave all and follow" Him. which appeal was made, has been given. There is need for $5,000,000 from America. Chinese We have every reason to believe that if Jesus doctors and nurses and missionary forces are do- Christ came to our city today-unless He came ing their utmost, but they are hindered by lack In power to wipe out all evil and to establish His of supplies. Relief funds are now practically ex- Kingdom-He would look with compassion on the city and its inhabitants, and would preach and hausted.* The accompanying map shows how teach and work to make the Father known, and to bring new life and godliness to fruition as widespread is the area of conflict and how gener- He did nineteen hundred years ago. Would we ally the missionaries have remained at their posts receive Him differently than men received Him to minister to sufferers, in spite of personal disthen? tress and danger.

But if Jesus Christ is God and meant what He The Chinese Christians are also doing their utsaid then He is here today-not only in our city most. The following extracts from a letter from but in every city; not only in our cities, but in a Chinese Christian, Rev. Andrew Gih of the ,our towns and villages; He is in every home and Bethel Mission, Shanghai, shows how the work of church, every shop and factory, every school and Christ goes on, in spite of difficulties. Mr. Gih office, and in every individual where He is re- writes: ceived and is given the right of way. Today, as then, "to as many as receive Him" to them does When the war broke out in Shanghai, our people (of He give the right to become Children of God- Bethel Mission) had to flee to the International Concesfrom every class and tongue and nation. Would sions for safety. The hospital staff (in four hospitals) He offer any other remedy for sin and misery to- went right on with their work for wounded soldiers and day than He offered in the first century? Would our Christian nurses had the joy of serving and witness· He not tell His followers today in our cities to ing to the wounded; our evangelists were also busily enfollow Him and to make known the Way of Life gaged in preaching in many of the 200 refugee camps. to others by teaching men in private and in pub- The largest of these camps had fifteen thousand refugees, lic to know Him and to observe all the things He the smallest several hundred. Many broken hearts were has commanded us? Only when Christ is recog- bound up with the healing Gospel of Christ. We could nized and received by all the multitudes in our not carry on our schools as the section where our Bethel cities, will they truly become cities of God. What Compound is located -was badly bombarded, our Orphanage are we doing to help fulfil the purpose of God and was burned, and other buildings were damaged. All our the command of Christ to make known the Good belongings were looted and the Japanese still occupy our News and the power that He came to proclaim? beautiful Compound. The Hospital workers are still car- rying on in our branch Hospital in Shanghai but our OUR RESPONSE TO CHINA'S NEED Orphanage, Publishing Department, Bible Seminary and Evangelistic Bands have all been moved to Hongkong. • Rising taxes, increased cost of living, unemploy- ment, strikes in industry, depression in business, We thank God that He has preserved all our lives and we are able to carryon the work. Some evangelists are now preaching in the interior; one Band in Yunnan, another in Szechuan and others in Kwangsi, Kweichow • Contributions should be sent to mission boards having work In China. or the National Red Cross. Washington. D. C.

TOPICS OF THE TIMES

There is only one way to overcome evil, and that is with positive good. There is only one truly good and that is God. Love is the only remedy for hate; life is the only effective antidote to death. Jesus Christ is the only salvation for in- dividuals and for the world. Therefore mission- aries go into all the world to spread the truth, the love, the life of God. as these are made known in Jesus Christ.

• .N _' JEWRY IN DISTRESS! WHAT OF IT?

, ;HE~~I ' …, American Jews, 4,500,000 in number, are out . .. . .. .. . ,—",""–. to raise $9,600,000 in 1938. This vast sum is for . –. ,-) relief of os,tracized and persecuted Jews in Europe and to aid in their settlement in Palestine or else- .. . " where, as circum.stances permit. -"~' -.: .: ~…~ The tidal wave of anti-Semitism has spread to Ii.~- Germany, Austria, Poland, Roumania and begins even to inundate Great Britain and America. The 'QR zons (8'-4"") OF CHlM essential cause of this widespread anti-Semitism is the economic distress in the world today. In UIlLOCUIOIOPAJIIIIllW prosperous times anti-Semitism rarely occurs. Hitler's racial ideology is another factor, as is the PROf'IstAJlftllS8101SWIOlS unfortunate behavior of some individual Jews. Business shrewdness, and in some cases dishon- kebdot "'p""e1Ittaoit,. esty, are other factors, but who persecutes all wtth_o…….. p"rlUU>ellt Gentiles because of shrewdness or personal dis- honesty? =:::~~"tl::~:nt In Poland there are 3,500,000 Jews, of whom .~. . .NU) …U.t …rIt. 1,000,000 are starving, who are involved. Rou- mania has 1,000,000 Jews while Germany has WHERE JAPANESE AND MISSIONARIES ARE OPERATING- only 350,000 and Austria about 200,000. All these DIFFERENTLY are menaced and for them American Jews are seeking to raise $9,600,000 this year. Incidentally and Chehkiang Provinces. They have been facing danger!; since 1914 American Jews have provided $87,- from air raids, but all witness to the power of the Holy 000,000 for the relief of European Jews. Spirit in changing many lives. Owing to the abnormal conditions, the traveling is difficult, so that it took sixteen In Germany, in addition to the Jews, there are days to reach the place of the first campaign in Kweichow. about 1,000,000 non-Aryans, and in Austria 600,- Another Band is going to Hunan and the fourth to the 000 or more. Any man, woman or child with at northern part of Kwangtung Province. We do not know least one Jewish grandparent, or one who is marhow long we will be allowed to preach unmolested. We ried to a Jew is classed as a non-Aryan and theremust spread the Good News before it is too late. The fore receives the same treatment as a Jew. Japanese give no liberty to the Chinese preachers in occupied territories. Pray that God will grant peace in the Thus there are approximately 7,000,000 folk in Far East and pray for those who are lifting up Christ Europe who, because of Jewish ancestry near or among the Chinese. There are wonderful opportunities, remote, are unwanted by their fellow citizens. especially in the interior of China. People are receptive And partly because of anti-Jewish sentiment, but to the Gospel and they realize life is uncertain and prop- more largely because of unemployment crises, erty is not dependable. Thank God "we know whom we they are not wanted anywhere else. Even in Palhave believed and we are persuaded that He is able to estine the number actually able to enter there in keep that which we have committed unto Him against one year has been reduced from 61,000 in 1935 that day." to less than 10,000 in 1937. Moreover, the Jew- Arab conflict in Palestine, coupled with the British It is more and more evident that it is impos- Partition proposals, has served to arouse the Mossible to carry out any isolation policy-either lem world and to increase the anti-Semitic sentinational or individual. War in one country will ment there. involve other nations, however much we may strive to prevent it. Famine and economic The net result of all this is a growing fearfultroubles in one land affect others. Disease will ness, uncertainty and insecurity in the hearts and spread in spite of sanitary measures. Immoral- minds of Jewry throughout the world. ity, selfish ambition and false philosophy cannot be confined within any national boundaries. Irreligion and anti-Christian, or anti-Jewish, propaganda spreads from party to party, from class to class, and from country to country, when not checked by positive faith and by the dissemination of God's truth.

Why should Christians be concerned with the ous in providing hospitality to these victims of fate of Jewish and non-Aryan victims of anti- a present day cruel autocracy? We especially need Semitism; why should we take upon ourselves to be on guard lest this unchristian racial dis- the responsibility of caring for these non-Aryans? crimination gains a foothold here. Propaganda is First of all because we are Christians and many a vicious thing and is powerful in formulating of these non-Aryans are Christians by faith. J ew- public opinion. We should strenuously oppose the ry is aiding admirably and sacrificially the Jewish anti-Jewish propaganda in America; we should victims, and has even helped non-Aryan victims, pray for persecuted Jewry and for a change of though the latter are definitely Christendom's re- heart in their persecutors. Here is a great op- sponsibility. But up-to-date, Christendom has not portunity to show the spirit of Christ and to do, been as generous as Jewry. The result is grievous individually and collectively everything we can distress and suffering among the Jewish, non- to combat the causes and consequences of anti- Aryan and Christian refugees. What right have Semitism. Tli'e-se are inescapable responsibilities Christians in America to protest against anti- of all who claim to be Christian.

Semlitism in Europe while we do nothing effective- CONRAD HOFFMANN, JR. ly to aid the victims of such racial discrimination?

We need to be reminded of the good Samaritan as weU as of the Levite and the priest in our Lord's FOURTEEN POINTS FOR FOREIGN parable. There is an American Committee* to aid MISSIONS Christian refugees from Germany and this committee needs financial help to meet the growing 1. Every book in the New Testament was writdistress. A few instances of the flotsam and jet- ten by a foreign missionary. sam of human wreckage in the wake of the present tidal wave of anti-Semitism, are the fol- 2. Every letter in the New Testament that was lowing: written to an individual was written to a convert of a foreign missionary. 1. Mr. F- is a pharmacist, non-Aryan, but a Christian by faith having won the Iron Cross, the Front Trench 3. Every epistle in the New Testament that was Fighter's, and the wounded-in-service medals. As a non- writteB to a church was written to a for- Aryan he was no longer allowed to run his private phar- eign missionary church. macy in Germany, and was forcibly compelled to sublet. Now he is in America looking for work and hopes later 4. Every book in the New Testament that was to be joined by his wife and two sons as soon as he is written to a community of believers was able to support them. Before he could leave Germany he written to a general group of foreign mishad to pay 81% of his funds as a "flight tax." sionary churches.

5. The one book of prophecy in the New Testa- 2. Mrs. U- was a Christian Gentile woman, married ment was written to the seven foreign misto a Jew in Vienna; her husband is no longer allowed to sionary churches in Asia. work. She is a teacher of Germanics, but being married 6. The only authoritative history of the early to a Jew she, too, is not allowed to work. Christian Church is a foreign missionary journal. 3. Mr. T- was a government expert on Social Security 7. The disciples were called Christians first in and Socialized Medicine; a non-Aryan Christian, and a a foreign missionary community. member of the German Confessional Church group of which Dr. Niemoller is the leader. Now he is in America 8. The language of the books of the New Testaas a transient but hopes soon to be admitted on the quota ment is the missionary language. and then to find work. 9. The map of the early Christian world is the 4. Rev. F- was a non-Aryan Protestant clergyman in tracing of the journeys of the first mis- Germany. Not being allowed to preach there, on the advice of his pastoral colleagues, he went to Vienna to work for a Swedish Society and did remarkably well. sionaries.

Since Hitler's annexation of Austria, this pastor has been 10. Of the twelve apostles chosen by Jesus, every compelled to flee to Prague and then to Sweden. apostle except one became a missionary.

We might go on and cite case after case of 11. The only man among the twelve apostles who people who need help, financially and above all did not become a missionary became a spiritually. In New York City, the Jews have traitor.

established a reception service and a center for 12. The problems which arose in the early Church Jewish refugees, but nothing of the kind has yet were largely questions of missionary pro- been done by the Christians for the Christian cedure.

refugees. 13. Only a foreign missionary could write an Should not Christians of America, the: strong- everlasting gospel.

hold of liberty, equality and democracy be gener- 14. According to the apostles, missionary service is the highest expression of Christian life.

• Mr. Frank Ritchie. Secretary, American Commlttl'le fOr German WILLIAM ADAMS BROWN. Refugees. 287 Fourtli Ave.. New York City,

at the Center of City

By AUBREY S. MOORE, Chicago Superintendent of Chicago Home Missionary Society, Methodist Episcopal Church A YOUNG man, a college and theological ent languages. The first church has a fine build- school graduate just beginning his minis- jng with more than fifty rooms, including a large try in the city, came to discuss his work. gymnasium, a swimming pool, a cafeteria, an as- As he sat in my office, looking out across the roofs sembly hall that will accommodate more than one of the buildings, and yet seeing not the buildings thousand people and a beautiful chapel. This but the streets filled with boys and girls and men building is filled afternoons .and evenings. More and women, he said with something of compas- than one hundred and forty classes, club meetings sion in his voice as well as in his gaze, "The Peo- and group meetings, exclusive of devotional meetpIe! The People!" jngs, are held each week. The total registered at- tendance for March, this year, was 10,623. The I instinctively turned to a picture which hangs program includes classes in sewing, cooking, on my office wall-the picture of another young printing, dramatics, bookkeeping, stenography, man looking across a valley at another city more vocational guidance, knitting, playing the harthan two thousand years ago. As this other monica, first aid, etc. These boys and girls are Young Man looks at the city He weeps and says: kept off the streets, which of itself is worth while, "If thou hadst known, even thou, at least in this and at the same time they are learning something thy day, the things which belong unto thy peace!" of value under leaders who know the importance I breathed a prayer that this other young man, of character development in the lives of young with his splendid preparation for service might people. be held steady, that his vision might be kept clear, his heart be kept pure, and that his enthusiasm In some Institutional and Community Churches, might be inseparably joined to the purpose of that one finds a program that is broad enough in scope other Young Man who will ever weep over the and sufficiently varied in character to appeal to city until it shall become like unto "the Holy Jeru- all age groups. Last summer one pastor gave a salem, descending out of Heaven from God." series of open-air Gospel addresses with a stereop- ticon. He reported an attendance of over 8,000 "Home Mission Work in a City" seeks to place per week. Early in March one church office re- Jesus Christ at the center of the City's life. Home ported twenty-two baseball teams already regismissionaries are not primarily interested in any tered for the coming season-one of the sure signs particular creed, but rather in making Christ of Spring. dominant in the lives of individuals and groupsthe determining factor in their conduct. The task The city is becoming disturbed over the alarmwill not be completed until politics, industry, so- jng increase in Juvenile Delinquency and Juvenile cial life, and religious life shall acknowledge Him Crime. Two weeki; ago, in one issue of a daily as Lord and Master and seek to do His will. paper, there were the names of forty boys, with the average age under sixteen years, who were There are certain types of work in the city to arrested for crimes all the way from petty theft which those who are in any way responsible for to murder. It has been estimated that six thou- Mission Work today must of necessity give sand six hundred Protestant boys and girls will thought. appear before the Juvenile Court of Chicago in 1938, and that of this number more than two The Institutional Church is perhaps the most thousand will be there for the first time. In conwidely known agency of the Church in the con- ference with a Probation Officer a few days ago gested centers of the great city. One such typical I was told of the attempts being made to save church, with a seven-day and seven-evening pro- these boys and girls from the careers towards gram every week, is located in the midst of a which they seem to be moving so rapidly. By the group of many thousands of people among whom time many of these boys come before the Juvenile more than twenty different languages are spoken. Court it may be too late to do much for them. Another typical church is said to be the only Eng- The difficulty is farther back. lish-speaking church in a community of more than 250,000 people speaking more than thirty differ- [263]

The first evidence of a wrong tendency in the to perpetuate the use of any language other than boy or girl that comes to the attention of the au- the English language in churches that must ulti- thorities outside of the home is truancy. This is mately minister to English-speaking American said to begin at seven years and reach its "highest citizens.

incidence" at thirteen or fourteen. Truancy! Among the problems which we face is that of Delinquency! Crime! This is the order. The the slowly dying church in the downtown or nearone leads naturally to the other. In a careful downtown district. In one denomination in a study, covering a period of several years, it was typical city more than twenty churches have been found that more than half of the Juvenile Crim- either closed outright or merged with other inals had been truants. In an effort to get to the churches during the past twenty years. The root of the matter students are finding themselves merger plan is frequently resorted to as a faceface to face with home situations and community environment. A Protestant representative at the saving devic~t It has its appeal. However, in so Juvenile Court and at the Juvenile Detention far as the merged church is concerned the results Home, a highly trained, consecrated young are about the same. A 'group of members are transferred to the strengthened organization but woman, follows the cases assigned to her to the many scatter and find new homes, if at all, elsehomes and to the communities from which they where. The churches at the heart of the city die come in an attempt to cleanse the fountain at its first. And then slowly but surely the circle is source. Case after case could be presented that enlarged until in due season one can scarcely find would bear eloquent testimony to the effectiveness a "going" concern among the few remaining of this program of Mission Work in a great City. churches in or near the downtown section. And No longer do immigrants fill the already con- this is true in spite of the fact that the population gested centers of our cities. With the decrease in in the neighborhood of these churches may have immigration that problem is giving us less con- doubled or tripled or even quadrupled in the meancern, although in some of our largest cities more time. It can all be explained, but to explain it is than seventy percent of the people are either foreign born or the children of foreign-born parents. not to solve the problem. The "mixing bowl" is at work but its task has not been completed. The children of these foreign- Thirty years ago a certain large church in the born parents attend our public schools, they play near downtown section of a great city was packed in our streets, and breathe the atmosphere of our to the doors-gallery and all. The city authori- American cities until their very freedom creates ties were said to have stationed policemen at the an unhappy situation. In some localities our mis- doors to prevent dangerous overcrowding. This sion worker's chief task seems to be that of a church included among its members men and mediator who seeks to enable these alert children women from every walk in life-railroad executo adjust themselves to the demands of their for- tives, financiers and men prominent in the busieign-born parents and to assist the parents, with ness and professional life of the city. Today a an "old country" background, to understand their mere handful of good but discouraged people own children as they react to their new environ- carryon in a building that is rapidly deteriorat- ing; and yet there are more people per square ment. mile in that neighborhood today than ever before. The families of wealth have moved to the suburbs Lost Moorings and the local group can no longer support a resi- Many thousands in these groups, if they ever dent pastor. This church would be pronounced had a vital religious faith, have broken from their near dead. And this is but an extreme example religious moorings and are helplessly afloat, dere- of what one finds all too often in our large cities.

lict fashion, or are openly disregarding all moral What had really happened in this case? Slowly and religious claims upon their lives. Work but surely the people who had supported this in- among these people is fascinating. The young stitution died or moved from the downtown sec- people form a most inviting and responsive group, tion to the less crowded areas or to the suburbs.

while a right approach to the adults will assure a As the older group moved out another crowded in.

heartening measure of success. For many years But this new group was made up of renters and it seemed to be necessary to provide a foreign- roomers who were incapable of carrying the finan- born leader for these people. Today, however, cial burden if they had been willing to do so. So with few if any immigrants to deal with, and with with the steady decrease in support came a cor- an increasing number of young people, American responding retrenchment in the program until to- born and trained in our public schools, it is be- day there is none. Had it been possible for the coming less and less necessary to present a bi- members of this church in the heyday of its pros- lingual program. The day has come when many perity to have created an endowment, and thereby believe it to be not only unnecessary but unwise made possible an income sufficient to provide a

CHRIST AT THE CENTER OF CITY LIFE

continuously effective program, might there not The Social agencies are doing excellent: work. have been a different story to tell today? Or, sup- In our own city there are said to be twenty-two pose there had been funds available from the districts with a population of 50,000 to the square Mission Boards to supplement and stabilize the mile in which the environment is detrimental to decreasing income of this church, what would the best interests of the· growing boy and girl. have been the result? Community projects under the guidance of the de- partment of Research Sociology of the Institute We must face our responsibility for these down- for Juvenile Research have been located in three town areas. Just so long as there is a constituency of these districts and in each of the three truancy, for which we are clearly responsible in any com- delinquency and crime have steadily decreased. munity, just so long must we remain in the community adapting our program to the needs of the The Christian Church has ever pioneered in people whom we seek to serve. And in order to needy fields until an awakened Social conscience do this it becomes equally clear that funds in in- came to recognize the responsibility of the comcreasing amounts must be available from outside munityas a whole. But after the city, through its sources to supplement the decreasing incomes of various agencies, has done its best will there not these churches until, if possible, a local supporting remain for the Church the task of evangelizing constituency can once again be developed. successive generations? This, after all, we may find is its primary function. Indeed the chief In our thinking of Mission Work in a City, at- task of the Church seems to be to work itself out tention is often fixed upon the so-called blighted of a job. In the Seer's vision of the Holy City areas or areas of deterioration which are usually there was no temple. It was no longer needed. the truancy and crime centers.' Frequently too However, that day in the modern city seems to be little attention is focused upon the Boulevards. a great way off. "The Kingdoms of this world Slum minds are not all confined to so-called slum are" not yet "become the Kingdoms of our Lord, areas. The "certain rich man" of the parable and of his Christ." Until that takes place there was farther from the Kingdom of God than Laz- will continue to be a place for "Home Mission arus. We have also a mission to the Boulevard Work in a City." sections of our cities. Many Boulevard dwellers are heart-hungry for a little disinterested friend- PERCENTAGE RURAL AND liness and for a sane interpretation of the Word of God. A surprising number of them would be URBAN POPULATION willing to render a high order of sacrificial service for their Lord and Master if given an opportunity. 8Y 10 YEAR PERIODS We have no more right to neglect them than we have to neglect any other group. Jesus was per- 1c!&O – 1930 fectly willing to have "the Rich Young Ruler" use his money to aid the poor. Is it not reasonable to '''Dr. 5H 4167. suppose that the wealth of Boulevard friends would be acceptable to Him if given in the proper 1900 13LO 1.9Z0 1.9"0 spirit? The consecrated wealth of the Boulevards could be used to transform the slums. RURAL In the field of Social Service and Charity uBB"50? 514 56.2. changes are rapidly taking place. Community Chests and Community Funds are used to support l~OO J6.90 1900 1910 1920 H30 the more elaborate rather than the less highly organized forms of ministry. These funds are URBAN usually not available for religious work or for programs too closely connected with the religious activities of the church. The tendency appears to be to divorce social and charity work from the religious program and to place it under the direction of trained social workers who are responsible to their own organization. If social agencies and civic organizations are to assume responsibility for the physical and economic well-being and for the social adjustment of the underprivileged, what is to be the future of Christian Mission Work in the City? Will it mean that the churches must withdraw or confine their efforts to a technically spiritual ministry?

Modern City

By REV. HERBERT E. EBERHARDT, B.D., Indianapolis, Indiana President of the International Union of Gospel Missions DISTANCE lends enchantment, even in mis- product of tlte groups to be considered later. It sion fields. When we hear of poverty, of is to these youth that the city missionary must squalid homes and dirty children, of dis- appeal, by games, playgrounds, picnics, singing, ease and sin in India, many feel a peculiar thrill! class work, vacation schools and summer camps. Describe the same conditions in India-napolis and we shudder; we draw our skirts about us and A mission visitor in Rochester, N. Y., calling are tempted to "pass by on the other side" as we on underprivileged homes, invited a girl to the cry, "Unclean!" How oft we have heard it said, mission Sunday School. The child asked, "What "Well, they don't need to live that way," or "They kind of a show is it?" In that she typifies thouought to know better," or perhaps, "If they had sands of other children. But she came, and to saved as I have"! the surprise of all, won first place in the vacation Bible school. That may be true, but the conditions are here and we must face them. Every great city fur- Ira Smith, superintendent of the Children's nishes a real missionary field, one that most di- Gospel Mission of Newark, N. J., led a child to rectly affects all of us. We have often said of the Christ in an open-air park service. That child crowd of transients in our city missions, "If we later brought the entire family into the mission don't take care of these men, they'll take care of and in time the mother, of foreign descent, was us." At the mourner's bench of one of our rescue employed by a large church as its city missionary. missions a penitent surrendered a loaded revolver, confessing that he was on his way to commit a A New England Methodist pastor, graduate of robbery when arrested by the music! Most mis- Union Seminary, came to Christ in the Wheeler sions have in their "museums" guns, billy clubs, Mission at Indianapolis when a small boy, the blackjacks, whiskey bottles, dope and what not, first of an entire family.

There probably is no field so promising and so productive as this among the boys and girls whom as evidence of the direct bearing which city mis- the church often cannot reach except through the sion work has on the lives of all of us. city missions.

These home-mission groups are varied, and Some Problem Homes much larger than one might suppose. Let us consider briefly six such groups. They represent Closely related is the American problem home, more than one half of our population, when we the result of poverty or heredity, divorce, irreconsider that the total church membership of the ligion, sin and unbelief. No prayer, no Bible United States includes only about one half. Many reading, no worship – God's Name used only in an election has been "swung" by a minority group profanity! This is becoming an increasing probholding the balance of power. Skilled politicians lem. It is known that many of the boys on the know the importance of winning the colored vote road today are the direct result of broken homes. -many times enough in itself to secure a victory Social workers hear over and over again, "Dad in election. This same principle applies in the and Mother separated." Some one has aptly said field of missionary service. Special populations, that we ought to sing, "Where is my wandering large or small, may vitally influence the welfare mother tonight?" of the entire community. The city missionary has an entree into these The Non-Churched Children homes, sometimes through death, or arrests or a child in the vacation Bible school. A social We consider first the thousands of children and service contact, such as is made possible by the youth in our cities who are not under the influence Council of Federated Church Women of Indian- of the church and do not attend Sunday School. apolis which employs its own representative in a In them lies the future of our cities; they are the city mission, often proves an open sesame to an seed-bed of our future problems, and hence should otherwise impregnable heart or home. A table or be considered first. They are also the direct by- chair, or garments, or a friendly visit may inspire [266 ] confidence and awaken interest, when all else employed, always welcome and specially well fails. "I was hungry and ye fed me." These treated, the mission says, "The church does care, people are not dressed for church; they have no we are interested in you, Christ has a place in money to give; they are not concerned; often His program for you." This attitude is of practhey do not feel wanted. The writer was once tical value in that it proves its faith by its works -meals, beds, clothes, free service of many kinds.

There is no better preventive of radicalism and atheistic Communism in America than this quiet, Christ-like influence of our Gospel missions and other Christian social service. It is unob- trusive, not heralded with banners, but no one can estimate the amount of preventive work ac- complished. A lighthouse is not only to be cred- ited for rescues made, but for the many more wrecks prevented. Every city mission is a veritable and effective lighthouse.

It is a known fact, demonstrated repeatedly, that there are far fewer arrests or calls for police aid (if any at all) in mission shelters than in gov- ernment or purely charitable shelters. The unem- ployed respect and respond to the kindly attitude of a Christian. .The "cup of cold water given in the name of a disciple" has more than one reward!

The Drink Evil in Our Cities Social workers know that repeal of the Eight- eenth Amendment has brought marked increases WHICH WAY ARE THEY HEADED? PhDtography by H. E. Gray. Waifs-not in India but in Indianapolis. THE OLD DOOR AND THE NEW pastor of a city church where considerable ob- The mission stands on the spot where stood the old saloon. jection was felt because these folks were coming into the church as the result of a schoolhouse mission service.

If the home is the foundation of our nation, then surely here is worth-while missionary service. We remember that Jesus accepted an invitation to the Pharisee's house, and that the Scribes said, "This man receiveth sinners and eateth with them." He knew the importance of such work.

Among the Unemployed This group, numbering several millions, possibly 12,000,000 today, has been too much neglected, and is potentially the most dangerous, forming a natural hotbed for radicalism. Any failure on the part of our missionary program here may prove disastrous. When the priest and the Levite "go by on the other side" and an anti- Christian Samaritan proves the true neighbor, the results are not so good.

For many years the only agencies caring for these unfortunate classes were those with a religious motive or impulse, particularly our Christian rescue missions, which Bishop Freeman once termed, "The Church in Overalls." To the un-

in the inevitable results of liquor; prohibition Has the church cared? Has she prepared worktimes at their worst were remarkably better than ers for this special field? Has she offered youth under license; the evils of the old saloon are back a vocation here? The Church Federation of Cinwith multiplied dangers, supported by radio, auto- cinnati maintains a prison chaplain, a unique mobile, the modern press, lowered moral stand- work. The Indianapolis Federation supports a ards, and the changed status of women. full-time Christian social worker for court service.

The tavern, the dance hall, the "new deal" Above all, the Gospel provides the needed and gambling mania, the false concept of morals, all only remedy. But preparatory to that, kindly tend to produce a tremendous challenge to the guidance, appreciated letters, sympathetic parole, wisest and most intense missionary program- changed environment, medical and psychiatric missionary, because the power of Christ, and not treatment, fellowship groups, all have a curative reform or legislation, is the ultimate solution. as well as :q!,eventive value. A survey might re- veal two thuigs: that most missions are engaged Beginning 65 years ago with the establishment in some form of prison service, and that most by Jerry McAuley, himself a twice-born man, of prison services, in and out of prison, are conthe now famous McAuley Water Street Mission in ducted by gospel missions. New York City, much of the work of rescue missions has been made necessary by liquor and its Transients in Our Cities naturally attendant evils. When a man has been A great army, thousands of them, men, boys, of "beaten and robbed" where else can he go? When all ages – not tramps – are wandering over this no one else cares, when he has no funds, where country. Many are seasonal laborers traveling to can he go but to a Gospel mission? If he does not go there, what is his future? A MISSIONARY LEADING A SERVICE IN A CITY JAIL But, thank God, when he goes, often a miracle find the next temporary job. Many are the prodtakes place and a new man is born. "If any man uct of the divorce evil-increasingly so! Most of be in Christ, he is a new creature," and indeed them are unemployed. Mission records show he is. Recently we met a man who has been an among them college graduates, business men, proactive member of a Methodist church for forty- fessional men, and all classes and types. The dethree years. He staggered into a small rescue pression has greatly increased their number. mission hall some years ago. Now, seventeen years later, he is a Sunday School superintendent. There have been three stages in their treatment. There are thousands like him-once drunkards, First, the care offered solely by missions, the Salor worse, who are now ministers, evangelists, song vation Army, the Volunteers, and other Christian directors, honored laymen, mission superintend- agencies, for many years. They have been fed, ents, missionaries. "Oh, say but I'm glad," and housed, clothed, but above all, evangelized, with many other Gospel hymns have come from the marty happy results. fervent pen of such a twice-born man! Here surely is a field for missionary specialists-and Second, the strictly social or community shelter how productive! "I was sick and ye visited me," of recent yeirs, often with no religion, but with said Jesus, our Lord. boxing, movies, games, and other diversions. This has proved expensive and nonproductive. The Prison Population Third, and more recent, the Transient Pro- J. Edgar Hoover's recent figures as to the num- gram of the United States Government, the first ber of men and women incarcerated in the United national effort to solve this problem. It only in- States are staggering. Even worse are the records creased the problem, however, and was abanof potential criminals, paroled men,· and affiliates doned. Thousands of men, particularly young now on our streets. But we are thinking here of men and boys, welcomed the opportunity of beanother larger group whom we mission folks know all too well-the families of these men and women form a much, much larger group. They comprise a larges~'tion of our population but they obviously tryt6 conceal their identity. They are out of touch with and probably beyond the reach of the church.

To neglect them is to fail Christ and to endanger ourselves. "I was in; prison and ye came unto me" still carries promise. of reward. At such a time hardened hearts are often tender; homes are lonely and open to a kindly word. Here is a rich and ready field for Christian service.

MEETING MODERN CITY PROBLEMS

coming the guests of Uncle Sam. The complete people from every state in the Union may be lack of any religious program also proved de- touched in a short period in one locality. "A moralizing. stranger and ye took me in" becomes a reality here. They literally come from "the highways Now we are in a fourth stage wherein the tran- and the hedges," often to receive more than the sient problem is again being handled, in most proverbial "pie-in-the-sky," the knight-of-the-road cases, by the Christian agencies with the coopera- slang for religion. THE UNION CITY MISSION BUILDING, MINNEAPOLIS We have enumerated briefly six of the most tion of Central Registration Bureaus to avoid needy and most promising of special populaduplication of effort. There seems to be no ulti- tions in our key cities. There are others, of mate solution of the transient problem, but there course, but seventeen years of direct contact, are certain desirable steps that may be effective- handling more than 100 men each day, toa careful case-work program, the outlawing of gether with hundreds of problem families, hitchhiking, a thorough work program, and the have indicated that these fields are probably correction of social conditions which create tran- the most neglected and yet perhaps the most siency. But most promising of all is a strong productive. The city missions that specialize evangelistic approach, with the belief that chang- with these groups have been rightfully termed ing the man himself is the surest way of changing "The Churches at Work Downtown." Their conditions. This has been proven in sixty-five interdenominational character, practical apyears of mission services, where it is believed that proach,city-wide appeal, and combination of "placing a new man in the suit is better than relief plus, offers the Christian church an placing a new suit on the man." Here is a great immediate and most vital open door for anmissionary field for the church, with most unex- swering the age-long question of the Old Tespected possibilities. Take at random, for example, tament, "Am I my brother's keeper?" and of a few cases in one Middle-West mission. Among the New, "Who is my neighbor?" the thousands of men apply.ing for aid we find a Perhaps this rapid survey will at least be sugminister's son who had "hot-footed" from a col- gestive and will stimulate a new interest in anlege where his father was formerly treasurer; a other phase of "home missions." Study groups college professor who had formerly taught one of the directors of the mission; the brother of a very JM ' THE JERRY MCAULEY ' ,MISSION, NEW YORK CITY prominent social worker; the black sheep of a f~mi1y whose name appears on a county court- maybe led to seek further knowledge of the facts house cornerstone; the son of.a member of a state and some day there may be a mission study course legislature; .the son of a form'er American consul on this specialized field. The possibilities of direct at Bremen; an escaped convict who voluntarily Gospel preaching and witnessing may be carried returned to a state's prison; a former pastor, an back to the church with a fresh emphasis. Epworth League president. The field for service is unlimited and the opportunities are amazing;

Youth Problem of the

By REV. ROBERT V. RUSSELL, New York Director of Religious Education, Baptist City Societies THE youth who lives in a modern city is never because they are overwhelmed they tend to turn entirely free from congestion. He is subject to the more sltperficial, the more obvious things,. to a kind of machine-gun rat-a-tat-tat of ap- Into the midst of all this is set the Christian" peals-to pleasure, to material gain, to various Gospel, mediated to youth of the city in various groups or enterprises in the body politic. In his ways. Set down in the midst of his community world he is always at the edge of – or possibly is a church. It may be a big city church with under-a kind of smoke-pall of futility, emanating more edifice than program or itll~y be a center from the slow-burning fires of disillusionment or of activity under Christian auspic~s 'with a seventhe ashes of cynicism. day-a-week program crying. <;>u.f for adequate He needs room, psychological room, for his self equipment. Or it may lie somewhere between to expand, his soul to grow. He needs criteria for these two. But the church represents the voice his choosing, a norm for living amid changing of the Christian Evangel, however weak or stam- codes and conflicting standards. He needs a cause mering it may be in the midst of the city clamor.

(oh, how he needs a cause!) that is not restricted Those who know the life of the city are likely to to one arc of life, but which gathers up all of life say, "If that were only true, but are there not when he gives himself to it, that integrates all great stretches in the city, where the message of the phases of living for him in one resolve, that Christ is needed most, that are practically un- answers youth's question, "What am I to live churched?" This is so-and even more than this for?" -for according to delinquency maps the areas of Moreover, today's youth lives in a not-normal highest incidence of juvenile delinquency are world. Not that it is abnormal or crazy; nor is often shown to be those areas from which the it necessary to hope for "back-to-normal," but churches have most consistently moved away.

to the young pe'rson from fifteen to twenty-four But this is not all of the answer, for church socie- years of age, things do not seem to be what he is ties and city mission societies have made it pos- told they once were. Half of the people seem to sible to maintain churches in places where the be wishing for the return of something that once community itself could not possibly support a was, and the other half seem to be looking for- minister and staff to carryon the type of pro- ward, with varying degrees of eagerness, to some- gram that is needed.

thing that is to be. Youth wonders. One phase of the youth problem is this matter Asked about his outlook upon life recently one of communities of special need. One cannot look of these young people said, to the writer: "Well, upon the city without recognizing that in most the future is not clear because things seem to be cases the distance between streets that are proudly all changed around. We hear about the days of shown to visitors and areas that are shamefully prosperity-high wages, plenty of jobs-but we below the standard in living conditions is only a do not know about that by experience. Most of matter of a few blocks. Neither can one look the friends that I had in high school are looking upon the youth of the city as all set in a one-tone for some kind of a job, or are working at any pattern. They constitute a variegated design- kind of a job for very low wages. We wonder a kind of kaleidoscope of interrelated back- what the prospects are ahead." grounds, national, racial and cultural. In New "Youth of the city," according to another speak- York City, for example (where probably this is ing as a member of a discussion panel, "is looking more pronounced), a study of the 1930 census for a good time (considering it as a birthright); figures shows that of the youth living in the five looking for a job; and looking for something to boroughs who are between the ages of fifteen and believe in." twenty-four, 73.2% are either themselves foreign A denominational adult leader of youth re- born or one or both of their parents come from marked recently that the youth of today are over- oth_er lands. In the Bronx the percentage is 82.6 whelmed by the complexities and the difficulties and in Brooklyn 78.8, while in Manhattan, alwhen they try to look objectively at their world; though the percentage is somewhat lower (63.3ro) [270 ] another element is introduced in the 12.2% of tional. One of those whom the writer has ques- Negro youth in this borough. What varieties of tioned regarding this problem replied that he felt social heritage, national customs and behaviour that youth's most acute need was for a meaningpatterns are represented by figures like these! ful fellowship in which his own individual life There is also the youth who come from "the may count for something. It was the opinon of this man, a youth leader, that youth are not able farm," which gave up 40 % of its youth (in the to feel always the sense of this larger fellowship in their own church. It may be because the youth group from ten to twenty years) to the city in group in the church is quite small or it may be the decade between 1920 and 1930. In New York because the adult members of the church do not City again the religious pattern is varied. The appear to give sufficient place to youth in the life Welfare Council reports in its publication, Better of the church and the management of its affairs. Times, of April 5, 1937, a study in which it was Every field worker in the area of youth activities found (by visiting each hundredth residential ad- is familiar with the complaint of the young people, dress in the city and questioning the youth from after they have had an experience in a city-wide sixteen to twenty-four years of age), that 49% re- fellowship or camp or summer conference, that when they return to their own local church they ported themselves as Roman Catholics, 31 % as do not seem to be able to make the church people understand their desire or to comprehend their Jewish and 1870 as Protestant. No doubt these situation. It is here that the city-wide or regional figures would be different for other cities but it is groupings of young people function from time to obvious that for any city of significant size there time, in youth councils, week-end conferences, or may need to be a considerable revision of former larger gatherings. The smaller groups of youth assumptions as to religious majorities. realize that they are part of a larger fellowship; they meet youth of other churches or of other de- Here again, the Church Society or the City Mis- nominations; they are inspired by a leadership sion Society has been the carrier of the Christian that it may not be possible for the local church to message. Many immigrant groups have colonized provide, and they meet and plan with leaders who are in constant touch with youth, know their probin areas consistent with the economic limitations lems, and "speak their language." There is a placed upon them, and it is almost impossible to growing fellowship-growing somewhat slowly it picture the conditions of physical congestion and must be said-around the United Youth Program spiritual depression under which the children projected by the Christian Youth Council of North grow into their youth. Here is set down the bi- America. This is related to the International lingual church under the ministry of a foreign- Council of Religious Education representing a speaking pastor, oft-times with a staff of one or large number of denominational groups and remore workers trained in religious education and lating itself to the major Christian youth orsocial service. A dramatic illustration of the re- ganizations. sults of this kind of work was given at a recent dinner meeting of the Baptist Social Union and Youth and the Local Church New York City Baptist Mission Society when some forty young people, both men and women, Of course the most effective and most direct representing a dozen different national groups work with youth will be done in the local church, from these by-lingual churches, sat upon the platform. Five young people gave responses to the especially in the suburbs or semi-suburban areas. theme of the evening; one of them (Czechoslovak) For while the suburban youth is not city-bred in was engaged in banking; one (Italian) was a the truest sense, neither is he rural- far, far teacher in a city high school and the others were from it! He has been infected with the cynicism, either studying or held positions in business es- disillusionment and unrealities of urban philosotablishments. All had found opportunity for phies without knowing personally so much about growth – psychological room – in a Christian the conditions of city life whch have given rise to church supported by a city-wide organization. these attitudes. This type of youth must be caught The writer knows of one instance in which a by an attractively presented, intelligently con- "gang" of what some might call "hoodlum" youth, ceived and largely youth-directed set of activities was invited by the pastor of the neighborhood which leads him to recognize the church as the church to transfer its activities from the street best place for him to spend a good share of his (where it was causing some annoyance) to the leisure time. A typical program of this type is inside of the church building. Subsequently this being followed in one of the churches in New group became one of the "clubs" of the church York City. A Sunday evening program consists and some of its members found places of service of a supper, a chapel service, and interest groups. in the program of the church itself.

Another phase of the youth problem is being attacked from another angle – that of youth fellowships, both denominational and interdenomina-

The terminology is that of the sea with "courses" There is also an imperious demand for a listed which may be "charted" under the direction changed philosophy of human relationships-ecoof a "crew" of leaders and with "cruises" begin- nomic and social. The survival of the fittest thening on certain dates, continuing for a number of ory when applied to human relations is untenable. weeks, and then terminating, to be followed within A disturbing phase of the life of the city youth is a week or two by another "cruise" with a different the seeming tendency to forget one's idealism set of interest groups. One virtue of this program when one begins to prosper materially or is reis that the interests are selected by a group of the ceiving some special recognition. Jesus met it in young people of the church and are built around the Rich Young Ruler. Here was a personable, their own suggestions. There are such topics as : "successful" young man, confronted with the "Choosing One's Life Work"; "Social Problems charge of disregard of his social obligations. At of Our City"; "Love, Courtship and Marriage"; the close of the interview the young man "went "How Can I Find God?"; "Boy and Girl Relation- away sorrowf-ul." One wonders whether he was ships"; "Science and Religion"; "The Art of not saying also in his heart, "The man must think Praying." Each interest is carried for a few I'm a fool!" weeks and the young people are invited to remain each Sunday evening as long as there is a hot-spot This insidious thing that we might perhaps call of interest to hold them. This church is a magnet a personal-prosperity-inspired unconcern is apt of centripetal force every Sunday evening for to become a part of the maturing process of the from one hundred to one hundred and forty young most promising individuals among city youth and people. youth will respond to a program in which it must be recognized not only as a characteristic they have a part with informed, dynamic leaders. of the urban psychology but also as a moral chal- lenge which, if it is not met adequately, becomes One of the most acute needs of youth is for en- a spiritual defeat. One of the most decisive op~ terprises in which they may have the opportunity portunities of the Christian church is the inspirfor the practice .of democracy-in which they may ing of the youth of the city by helping them to feel themselves factors. Unfortunately in many share the comradeship of adults who are themchurches this is what they do not find. selves successful-"men among men"-but who are also Christ-inspired persons, engaged in a mu- If it is true that youth is "looking for something tual quest for the highest realization of the "statto believe in," then the church stands on the thres- ure of the fullness of Christ"-not for themselves hold of an oportunity – the opportunity to con- alone, but also for the other-the "forgotten"- vince youth that here is a democracy in microcosm man. in which he can have a part, a cause to which he may dedicate himself, a Master who will not let What is this if it is not the missionary motive, him down. the witnessing urge, the continuing determination of those who have "been with Jesus" to share that Two or three things need to be emphasized in which we know. The youth problem in the city Christian work with city youth. There must be is a challenge to the Christian forces for the dea larger place for youth in the program of the velopment of a spiritually adequate leadership. church. It is a truism to say that the church can- "The blind cannot lead the blind," for to those not live unless it can succeed in holding its youth, who "study to show themselves approved," God yet it seems to be recognized generally that one opens many doors. of the church's outstanding problems is its youth problem. On the other hand churches that are Youth time is decision time. Through the home, most successful in work with youth are those who give to youth a voice in the councils of the church the Sunday School and the communicant's class, and present an interpretation of the objectives of the church in terms that youth can understand this important work of teaching and winning and claim for himself. must go on perennially. In one large city of New There is need also for a comprehending and sympathetic adult leader·ship for youth. It is a York State, which is an important educational question whether youth comes more in contact with the minister, trained and consecrated to his center, an interview program is being carried on work, or with an adult lay leadership which has not been trained and whose consecration may this winter in behalf of youth. Over nineteen leave considerable to be desired. In spite of what has been said for the larger recognition and par- hundred written applications were sent in by ticipation of youth in its own program the youth problem will never be solved by youth themselves. youth within thirty days after the plan was in- The most serious aspect of the youth problem is an adult problem. augurated, requesting interviews with some Christian person – pastor or teacher – to help them with personal problems. These interviews are being conducted on Saturdays and Sundays by a group of devoted individuals who know the prob- lems of youth. When we work with childhood and youth we are not "saving the lost but saving from loss." JESSE M. BADER.

CLERGYMEN LOOKING INTO INDUSTRIAL CONDITIONS AT CARNEGIE-ILLINOIS STEEL CO

What Church Federations Can Do By WALTER R. MEE, Chicago, Illinois Executive Secretary of the Chicago Church Federation THE story of one great American city is, in of labor relations, strikes and struggles for power its general phases, the story of every large between labor and capital. metropolitan center in the country. Rapid growth, expanding industry, improved transpor- These are some of the city's characteristics tation have all combined to produce, in the last which confront the modern church. These are a five decades, characteristics in every American few of the practical problems upon which the city which challenge the Church and confront its church must strive to bring its Christian influministry. ence, while, at the same time, discharging its su- preme responsibility for the Christian life and There is in every large city the tendency of spiritual growth of city men and women. populations to shift .rapidly as more prosperous families move out to finer residential areas or sub- To Christian leaders faced with such changing, urban districts. Into the abandoned central wards ever-troubled and needy communities, there has of the city there come, on the other hand, great become increasingly evident the conviction that numbers of foreign-born, with large families of individual churches or even individual denominalower economic status, seeking the city's cheapest tions cannot make any great and lasting impreshousing. In complex,conglomerate patterns they sion on such city problems. Here is a need that settle close to the business district; later they too can be adequately met only by programs of cooppush outward into adjacent areas as soon as their eration uniting the resources, the ideals and the economic fortunes permit. Thus population tides energies of every church, every denomination, of a city constantly ebb and flow. The result is within the city's limits. Where the Christian community disintegration, deteriorating housing, church is most staunch and where its program is delinquency and racial conflicts, as central areas most effective today, we find a strong Federation of the city lose their more substantial members of the city's churches, maintaining a widespread and receive newcomer groups. program under a single leadership, unitedly doing the work of Christ in the city. . There are the political aspects of a great city, with the apparently inevitable tendency in every In Chicago one finds these characteristics of the urban center toward political corruption, ineffi- large city in some of their most pronounced ciency and vice in greater or less degree. stages. Here is a Federation of Protestant churches that effectively illustrates wh,fltchurch There is the vast industrial life which all cities Federations can do to save the city. The Chicago have in common, with its ever-present problems Church Federation was org.anized in 1907 and [273 ]

4~; I[I[!rt·~; (I) ;t3;11 ~ I] ~:l?1 i e,l ~ II 77 WEST WASHINGTON STREET 18 DENOMINATIONS 1049 CHURCHES Denominations which are Members of the Chica80 Church Federation BAPTIST CHURCHES North LUTHERAN REFORMED CHURCH IN AMI CHURCH Of THE BRETHREN METHODIST EPISCOPAL CONGREGATIONAL CHURCHES AFRICAN METHODIST [PISCOPAL REfORMED EPISCOPAL DISCIPLES Of CHRIST AmlCAN MEntODI5T [PIS. ZION REFORMED PRESBYTERIAN EVANGELICAL CHURCH METHODIST PROTESTANT 'UNITED BRETHREN I EVANGElICAlSt REFORMED PRESBYT£RlAN CHURCH INU5.A UNITED PRESBYTERIAN fRIENDS The purpose offhis organization is founile IJewrious branches of the Christian churches in Chicd80 and vicinitv in d continuous co-operative endeavor to bring the Gospel to all the people and to promote the application of the law of Christ in every relation of life ,——-~ – -, I OF"F"lCE:RS I I BOARD of TRUSTEES I I OF"F"ICE fTAF"F" I I EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE 1 • DEPARTMENTS I CHRISTIAN EDUCATION DEPARTMENT WOMANS DEPARTMENT "I"SocIALRELATIONS COMMITTEES Co-ordinating DIVISIONS COMMITTEES Ludership Traininll Vacation Schools -!1jviHes inthe Field Missionary Rtli~ious 'I15tructiOll W"kdaySchools Education Drama, Recreation Social Service and Interracia I – – – – DIVISIONS Welfare Children Social Action. BeHerFilms YounS People …. r -. — – — Adult meetmg. delegates from churche .Metropolitan Chicagos onlq Month/I} of '.Innttehredefnieoldm.mofa.CtlOhrnisatliaonr8Eadmu.czaa.ttiloonn. Workers – Boys Parental School Park Ridge School for Girls Criminal 'Court – fide/is Inn COMMISSIONS I • -. I I WORLD F"RIENDSHIP I I I 1 I R~~~~,T,NS I I~TEELRATRIAOCNJ~L I I PUBLICITY I I I I I I 1 I L I • CI.HNUDRUCSHTRAYND COMITY EVANGELISM MINISTRY IN THEd STANDING.COMMITTEE: I PUBLIC INSTITUTIONS Armistice Day J M• •t l n i i '

STANDING CQt:1t:1ITTEE~: Outdoor Evangelism Emploljed Workers:- county Jail FiElds Foreign Origin Groups and Lenten Noon-day Meetings Bridewell Communih" service Geneva School for Girls Unified Evangelistic- Juvenile Court Strategy Program Juvenile Detention Home -Survey Oak Forest Infirmary -Chaplains City Council MeetingsI–… Hines Memorial Hospital ….. Undenominational Churches …..BOY~Rdo~rhter Institutions -=– COMMITTEES l I CHURCH I FINANCE 1 1 I PROTEST AND APPROVAL DIRECTORY .

I ENDORSEMENTS I . I UNION MINISTERS MEETING 1 C.H.KETCHt.

HOW AN INTERDENOMINATIONAL CHURCH FEDERATION IS ORGANIZED

WHAT CHURCH FEDERATIONS CAN DO

today is directing a program involving the inter- More directly related to the task of "saving the ests and assistance of 1,049 churches of eighteen city" from its own evils and destructive tendencies denominations, representing a membership roll are other aspects of the Federation's program. of 750,000. It is a program carried on by over The annual report of 1937 records enlargement 500 religious workers serving gratuitously on and development of a new department of Social eighteen commissions and committees. The board Service with a paid staff to correlate the work of of trustees consists of 110 influential religious and Federation committees and commissions in this social leaders of the city. field and to relate more closely the churches of Chicago with the social service and medical agen- The work of this Federation shows how closely cies of the city. Under the leadership of this dethe organization is matching the stride of the partment the Federation has maintained for some church to the growth of Chicago. To undergird years a supervision service in the Boys' Court of its work with factual knowledge, and to direct Chicago. By means of this service hundreds of more intelligently its comity program which boys brought into the court are placed under the strives to eliminate competition and duplication care of the Federation's case workers instead of receiving jail sentences. A FI L IPINO COMMUNITY CHURCH GROU P , CHICAGO One of the activities sponsor ed by the Ch icago Church Federa tion. The second major concern of the Federation is the friendly, constructive, religiously-motivated among churches while seeing to it that no area service rendered by chaplains and other paid goes unchurched, the Chicago Church Federation workers in the public institutions of Chicago. has for some years maintained a United Religious This has been a significant ministry to the inmates Survey. The survey attempts to bring together of hospitals, jails, prisons, courts, the county data of a statistical, sociological, economic and farm and other institutions for the destitute, the religious nature about each sector of the city. Against this background the Comity Commission sick and the erring. has analyzed the history, the program and the fu- What of the many human problems and civic ture service of the Protestant churches in each area in order that such information may enable dangers which arise from the racial composition denominational leaders to eliminate more intelli- of large cities, from its labor crises, from its gently competition between churches while better political complexities and its immoral influences? adapting programs of stronger institutions to the Here, too, the church must have a militant, united particular needs of their communities as indicated voice. In Chicago active departments, commisby the surveys. sions and committees of the Chicago Church Fed- eration bring to a focus the concern of ministers For the first time in history a group of metro- and members of all denominations, providing politan churches is basing its effort to "save" a media for investigation and dissemination of incity not alone on spiritual fervor and theological formation to every church, and offering a recogtechnique, but on a careful study of the facts con- nized organ through which protest or approval of cerning the life about them, replacing a policy of the city's churchmen may be expressed in effeccompetitive drift with one of cooperative inten- tive manner to city officials and law enforcement tion. The Chicago Church Federation is combining, it has been said by a prominent denomina- agencies. tionalleader, "the method of the scientist and the An annual city-wide observance of Race RelaviaiQn of the prophet." tions Sunday, including an interchange of pulpits between scores of white and colored ministers, and numerous meetings throughout the year, in- crease the understanding and brotherhood that must ultimately prevail between all men, regard- less of color or nationality.

A special commission of the Federation closely studies industrial problems and the role the church should take in industrial conflicts. In many instances the standards and practices of Christianity have influenced the trend of the city's industrial life and affairs, outside of the tradi- tional vista of the community church. Frequently the City Federation of a large urban center, in behalf of hundreds of city churches, can speak challengingly and vigorously for arbitration, for the privileges of labor or the rights of capital, for the improvement of working conditions and the passage of satisfactQry laws.

Through letters, conferences, interviews with thousands of human souls living in its congested city and state officials and by means of the city's neighborhoods. In the end it will be the building newspapers, the Federation may lead strenuous of more religious cities which will ultimately prove fights upon undesirable elements of city life. Last to be the most valuable contribution of Church year the Federation led in the movement to repeal Federations. an ordinance licensing gambling establishments, to close offensive theatrical productions, to stim- Surely, in the fields of evangelism, of Christian ulate more aggressive citizenship, and to protect education, and of spiritual life, the value of coopthe honesty of public elections and the security of eration between evangelical denominations by the ballot box. means of central leadership becomes clear; for the city presents a tangled, sharp animosity to the Because the school system of Chicago-with its practice and teachings of Christ. apparent political influences, the tendencies of its curriculum, and some of the standards of its op- When individual churches unite, when denomeration – recently became a civic issue, it was inational lead'ership cooperates in city-wide relicharacteristic of Protestant leadership in this city gious mass meetings, in interdenominational days that the united denominations s,hould turn atten- of prayer, in downtown Lenten worship services, tion to this phase of urban life. A committee on in far-reaching Preaching Missions and Schools Public Education was organized to provide a of Christian Living, in radio broadcasts and clearing house for churches which take public edu- young people's conferences, as is true in Chicago, cation seriously, and to point out channels through then our Christianity assumes a dramatic appeal, which both churches and individuals may render a magnitude and a forcefulness which enable it to useful s'ervice. arouse the indifferent city.

In addition to these activities, which some may In these two phases of city life-its practical, consider as' "extra-curricular" tasks of the church everyday problems and its great s,piritual needin its work in the great city, there remain the City Federations of churches continue to provide fundamental religious needs of thousands and effective leadership and dramatic techniques to save American cities of this generation.

"God. & Company, Unlimited"

By MILTON W. PULLEN, New York City Pastor of the Central Park Baptist Church, New York CAN you imagine a business house that would ten lepers who asked for cleansing "Only those of bar the door to its neighbors, or a com- you who have been baptized are eligible for heal- mercial firm that would insist that all of its ing." The only credentials the dying thief on the customers become members of the company? The cross presented were in the form of a prayer and Church, which is the biggest business in the on the strength of it Jesus promised him "Paraworld, is doing exactly that. The Founder of the dise." Church proclaimed "My House shall be called the House of Prayer for all people." Too often this In any great city a local church in a community has been changed to read: "Accept our creed and of homes may consider itself the center of a posyou will be welcome in our church." sible "100,000 customers." So long as human hearts are incurably religious and so long as men "God & Company, UnIt'd." needs to be written and women and children sin and suffer and seek in large letters over the doorway to every church -just so long the Church has a responsibility to building. After 1,900 years the vision of the every person within reach of its doors. Founder of the Company has been lost. Hospitals do not require patients to "belong" Jesus did not require a certificate of church before they may be admitted to the Operating membership from the 5,000 before they could Room. The simple fact that a man is sick opens share in partaking of the loaves and fishes. The every door and puts at his disposal the skill of the Sermon on the Mount was preached to the dis- surgeons and the facilities of the institution, often ciples, but we hear no protest from the Great without money and without price. A hospital con- Preacher when the multitude listened in. It siders itself, and is considered by the community, would be difficult to imagine Jesus saying to the a health Mecca for folk of all races, creeds and

"GOD & COMPANY, UNLIMITED"

cultures. On the other hand, a church in the neighbors, many of whom are neither Protestant same block is usually considered the personal nor Christian. The attitude of the neighborhood property of the Methodists, or the Baptists, or the originally was one of apathy and of suspicion. Catholics or of some other proprietory group. It Our problem at first was to build good will; to does not take the 100,000 possible customers long that end we set about getting acquainted with the to learn that their need is not necessarily a guar- folk round about us. We visited every store withantee of help. The Church seeks to make new in a radius of several blocks, but we did not ask members who will become regular "sitters" at the business people for anything except their worship services and regular contributors to the friendship. We offered to give them the names budget; consequently, the average Pastor gen- and addresses of our Church Members and sugerally must busy himself with the routine matters gested that they circularize these church neighinvolved in keeping the church solvent and suc- bors of theirs by mail as often as they liked. We cessful. This too often means just one thing- joined the local Chamber of Commerce and atperpetuating an institution largely for the sake of tended meetings regularly. Officials of the the institution. Chamber were used occasionally as special Speak- ers at Church Suppers, club affairs, etc. We ac- Many a conscientious minister rebels and longs cepted an invitation to sit on the dais between the to be the Pastor of the whole community. He Mayor and a United States Senator at a testiloves the people outside his church about whom monial dinner to a local politician and we are inno one else seems to care. The tragedy is that in clined to think that it was our presence that made too many cases the Church no longer exists for the dais the only table in the hotel dining-room the community-rather, the community must that was not drenched with liquor. "support the Church." The problem is too largely "Come, Get Acquainted" one of money since churches have bills to pay, repairs to make and salaries to meet. Many a An approach to the rank and file of the neighpastor is placed in the embarrassing position of borhood was made through the distribution of feeling obliged to spend much of his time and attractive cards with a "Come Get Acquainted" energy in raising money. A rich old vestryman invitation. We sent out members of the Church with a grouch thus often has first claim on the who went from door to door with a smile and a pastor, rather than a gang of street boys shooting friendly invitation that was seldom rebuffed. "craps" on the church steps. When there was a death near the church, we An increasing number of ministers are rising went to express sympathy, and upon the invitato protest against the old order – young fellows tion of the family we remained to conduct a brief just out of Seminary, middle-aged rebels of ex- funeral service. When a fee was offered, we gave perience, and old veterans with vision-are say- it back saying, "We want no money for help and ing to the churches of America, "The Church was sympathy in times of death." The news spread made for Man, not Man for the Church." They that here was a church that did not have its hand are insisting that the raising of money is inci- out for money and that only wished to be friendly. dental, while a ministry to the sick and the suffering and the seeking is the real work of the Church. Our next approach was to the children. This is They are insisting "Open wide the door and say a prolific neighborhood and the coming generation with Jesus 'Whosoever will, let him come' even is everywhere under foot. We built a gymnasium though he comes only for what he can get and may with shower and locker-rooms and said to the never join or give the Church a nickel." "But," children, "Come in and play." When they dissome official of the church may say, "this is sui- covered that a Jew and a Catholic and an Unbecide. What about the money we need for local ex- liever were as welcome as any of our own Sunday penses and for our Missionary Budget?" As a School children, they literally laid siege to the matter of fact, if the Church has done its work church pleading for a club and a Leader. We well it will have fewer financial worries. A Chris- advised them to ask permission at home and at tian who is thoroughly Christian is a generous church to join a club in our building and we urged Christian, but an unregenerate Church Member them to make it clear that, although every club who can "take his religion or leave it" must be would be led by a Christian Leader and would feaeternally urged to give to the Church and its work. ture a brief period of worship at each session, no Or a church may have a top-heavy budget. boy or girl now attending another church would be asked to join this church. Next we purchased The church I serve is attempting to render a a moving picture machine and once more circularcommunity service to its 100,000 possible cus- ized the neighborhood with news of the "Chiltomers. Located on the congested East Side of dren's Hour," with the two-cent Movies each Manhattan Island in an area of deterioration, this Thursday from 6: 30 to 8: 00 p. m. From 250 to church is the center of· much of the life of its 300 children come to this activity each week.

They sing lustily patriotic and religious songs, A Library is maintained where decent books listen to the Bible or hero story, bow reverently are loaned. Sunday School, Sunday morning and during the prayer and laugh uproariously during evening Worship Services, Church Prayer Serv- the four reels of motion pictures. At intermis- ices, Apartment Prayer Services, and all kinds of sions invitations are given to the children to at- religious meetings are regular weekly activities, tend Sunday School and to join various clubs. and everyone who comes into the building is in- When they leave, the children are given a letter, vited to attend.

signed by the Pastor, inviting the parents to vari- Why did this church, twenty years ago, attempt ous church meetings and activities if they do not this sort of an approach to its neighbors? Partly attend another church. We send home also "Hello, because its Leaders believed the church possessed Neighbor" cards inviting the parents to come to a treasure too valuable to be selfishly hoarded the neighborhood meetings in the Church Audi- within its walls for the benefit of its Members torium each Sunday night, with moving pictures only; partly~-because of a small Spanish boy and as the attraction and a twenty-minute worship his gang who were trouble makers. They almost service and sermonette as a feature. always found the church door locked and so they Young people were invited to join dramatic pounded on it, threw rocks at it and even cut their initials in it. They found a can of paint and covclubs. The girls were organized into cooking ered the front door with specimens of futuristic classes, sewing classes, singing classes; children art. Decidedly out of patience, the church-worker were put into children's choirs, a week-day school in charge hid just inside the church and, when the of religious education and, during the summer, a gang returned again to the fray, the worker gave Daily Vacation Bible School. Down through the chase. After running a block he caught the years many have shown themselves ready to join leader, a Spanish lad of about ten, and brought instruction classes in preparation for Church him back to the church in righteous wrath and Membership. virtuous triumph. "Now," he chortled, "now we will deal with this gang of rowdies." He was just Women have been organized into Mother's calling Police Headquarters when he thought to Clubs, Bible study groups, and a White Cross ask the boy his name and why he and his gang Sewing Circle. The men are invited to join a hated the Church. The boy replied tearfully,"My Men's Club and have fitted up the Tower Room name is Emanuel Jesus. We do not hate the of the church with fresh paint, new furniture, a Church. We come to play on the church steps bepool table, checkers and chess and a radio. The cause there are no playgrounds and we find exciteroom can scarcely accommodate the growing ment pounding on the locked church door." The group of neighborhood men. worker was stricken to the heart. Suddenly he saw a great light-it was not the gang of boys Young people, with no possible privacy in their who was guilty, rather the church that kept its "railroad fiats," have enthusiastically painted and door locked against the neighborhood. He realfurnished a "parlor," just inside the front door ized that he had kept "Emanuel Jesus" loc~ed outwhere they enjoy clean social contacts, and where side the Church of the original Jesus who once upon occasion they may even do their courting. said, "Suffer little children to come unto me, and Dozens of them have gravitated to the three Sun- forbid them not, for of such is the Kingdom of day-night Societies. Here, under competent Chris- Heaven." tian leaders, they spend an hour in worship and in the discussion of topics vitally interesting to them. Some of these topics follow: "Is War a Necessary Evil?"

"Can Crime and Poverty be Cured?"

"What Has the Church to Offer to Youth?" The ninety-six metropolitan districts of 1930 "Is a Lie Ever Justifiable?" contained almost 801'0 of the total urban popula- "Who Is My Neighbor?" tion. "What Is the Value of a College Education?"

"Is Jesus the Answer to World Confusion?" In view of the nearly 301'0 increase of urban "What of Love, E'ngagement, Marriage and Divorce?" population during the last census decade (from The charm of these meetings is their frank and 54,305,000 in 1920 to 68,955,000 in 1930 or a gain unrepressed discussion. in urban population of 26.91'0) and in view of We also set ourselves to find jobs for the job- the American assumption that all cities grow, one less, so far as possible to feed the hungry, to give is quite unprepared to learn that many cities fared friendly help to the juvenile delinquent and to se- badly during the decade. Nearly one-half of cities cure scholarships for young people interested in with 10,000 population or over-354 out of 746- a college education. Everyone with a problem or failed to keep up with the population increase of a heartache is encouraged to talk it over with the the nation as a whole, while 512 cities from 25,000 workers. For years the Pastor's Office has been population to 100,000, actually lost population in- thronged by lines of troubled folk. cluding four cities in the 100,000 group.

Christ in Crowded

By DR. ROBERT A. McKIBBEN, . Los Angeles, California Superintendent of "All Nations Foundation"

I F JESUS were to walk the streets in the neigh- laundry workers were started, a girls' club, a borhood of "All Nations" in Los Angeles, he boysl club, and a small library to make possible a would find forty thousand people crowded into closer acquaintance with those less fortunate. one square mile, descendants of almost every race As new needs were revealed, new opportunities on the face of the globe; these include thousands were recognized. With Christian faith and intelof unattached transient men, ten to fifteen oc- ligence, a ministry was begun to that community cupying a room built for two; young women which outgrew the buildings and facilities of the forced to ply their trade as prostitutes or prefer- church. The old property was sold and two apartring that manner of livelihood to other personal- ment buildings and a play area were purchased. ity-destroying trades; mothers seeking to protect A "Church of All Nations" was started, and by their daughters amid conditions of vice and crime; those who disapproved it was called "The Church residents who have sought this area hoping to of All Notions." hide themselves in such surroundings; aged persons barely eking out an existence; children try- The need for additional workers and for new ing to play Indian or tag and barely escaping buildings became apparent. The site selected was death as they dodge in and out among trucks and justified when later studies revealed that more autos; youth wondering how they are to get a boys and girls per thousand population were gostart so as to marry. ing to the juvenile court from this area than from any other in the entire city. After Dr. and Mrs. In this part of the city, Christ would discover Oxnam had completed ten years of Christian minno house built in the last forty years, no home istry in this area, and had successfully led in a with less than two persons. per room (including campaign to build, equip and staff a Christian kitchen or dining room), no lawns or parks, no service station in the heart of the city, he was playgrounds other than one connected with a called to the Episcopacy of his church. small school. He would find one liquor establishment on the average to every two hundred and Today the All Nations Foundation includes the seventy of the population; here the theaters Church of All Nations, the All Nations Boys' Club, schedule "strip-tease dancers" for the benefit of the All Nations Community House, the All Naunattached men; here are quack doctors and heal- tions Clinic, Hollenbeck Center and Sunset Center, ers, night missions that deal out bread and soup and the All Nations Camp. All of these are owned as, bait not only for those whose souls need sal- and operated by the Methodist Episcopal Church, vaging but for those whose money support such some units being supported by the Community proje~ts. Jesus wept over the City of Jerusalem Chest, Rotary, Kiwanis, and Lions Clubs, and and He would have just cause to weep over this women's organizations. Service is rendered with- "City of the Angels." The church in the city out regard to class, creed, or color. today must fight and fight hard alongside other organizations if the many degrading influences af- The second ten years has now been added to the fecting the life of individuals are to be overcome, record of service. Houses are twenty years older; if conditions are to be altered, and if the city the population is transient; the problems of unbeautiful is to be created where there may be life adapted men, prostitution and liquor have inabundant. creased with population; play area has lessened by incoming warehous-es and industry. These Twenty years ago a young minister, the Rev- hardly indicate progress but in this neighborhood, erend G. Bromley Oxnam, later a Bishop of the where juvenile delinquency was at its worst, the Methodist Episcopal Church, came fresh from the Judge of the Juvenile Court has said, "All Naseminary and, with his wife was assigned to the tions is spoiling my business." area described. His church was rapidly being deserted by "We Americans" as they moved into After the completion of the new buildings and better communities. Noonday luncheons for the equipping and staffing for the larger program, the public school authorities noticed a decided change for the better on the part of the youth who [279 ]

were participants in the activities at All Nations. for folk from our neighborhood to adjust to new There was a change for the better in attitudes and communities and to life in a new church. Their habits of the children and in personality traits. habits and attitudes are not readily accepted by A study under the Department of Sociology at the the new group; they are not given social status University of Southern California revealed that and there is often a lack of warmth in the wel- in five years time juvenile delinquency was re- come accorded them. Thus much that has been duced 65% within a mile radius of "All Nations." gained may be lost, but there have been gains for A View of All Nations the Master individually and socially. It is recog- nized that one can point out individuals about The work at All Nations was registering effec- whom a thrilling story can be told-ignoring the tively in the area of life with which Jesus was hundreds with whom we have failed. There have most concerned and upon which he placed the been failures, particularly among the adults. All greatest value, the personal life and character of Nations has,been more concerned with youth. In an individual. The All Nations Foundation is one of our offices there is being accumulated "be- community rather than institutionally centered. fore and after" pictures. Boys and girls are seen Its program aims at the individual and his needs as they have come into activities – with their rather than the mass ap.proach. A glance at All clothes in tatters, dirty, physically retarded in Nations as an organization may most clearly de- school and dwarfed in outlook on life; somehow scribe how its work is carried on. they have caught something best described by the Each of the seven units of service has its, own word "spirit" that has changed their personality executive board which is responsible to the board and purpose as they have grown with us. The of trustees for devising programs and activities, "before and after" pictures show something of recommending its personnel and its budget. The what has taken place. The Gospel of Jesus and Church of All Nations is a completely organized the Spirit of Christ have registered outwardly as church which seeks to link individuals and fam- well as inwardly in the life of the individuals.

ilies to the church of their own choice. If that is Some time ago an anonymous donor made not possible and there is no choice, then every ef- available $40,000 to make a -scientific and thor- fort is made to link them with this Church of All oughgoing study of the youth of our community.

Nations'. Because of the transient population the The first 200 youth studied revealed that they had church membership will always be small and no 1,154 problems – mental, physical, social, spir- stable membership can be built up. itual. We at All Nations, the school authorities, The Boys' Club and Girls' Club each has a three- the family, and other organizations who might be story separate building to house their activities. serving the family, recognized less than 20% of Hollenbeck and Sunset Centers are located two those problems. In other words, the youth of our miles from the main buildings, while the moun- community were facing an 80'10 handicap.

tain camp is ninety miles away. About two hun- For instance, there was a young Japanese lad dred volunteers serve in varying capacities in the who never participated in the normal group or several units and there are twenty full-time paid club life other than merely attending. He was staff members and twenty part-time staff. Dur- never elected to office and could not even read a ing the past ten years there has been an increase verse out of the Bible. Now that nationality is in the budget-from $35,000 to $65,000 a year. in no wise retarded mentally. As we studied this During the past five years a $20,000 camp has youth we tried from every angle to discover what been constructed. These facts are further evi- was wrong. Finally a very simple test was given dence that this type of approach to anti-Christian which revealed a slight speech defect. Six months and anti-social life is not only recognized by in a university speech clinic eliminated that de- church members but by non-church members an~ fect in a lad who had been retarded four years in folk of other faith, who do not hesitate to con- school. Another lad who was rapidly developing tribute to its support. There has been no financial an inferiority complex eagerly entered into life drive nor is anyone in the field for finances. The within his own age range, was elected an officer program and its results in terms of Christian per- in his club, and was one of the first to request a sonality is its own credential. high school young people's organization. The Christ would not find in this area a large num- simple defect might have wrecked the personality ber of persons connected with the church within of this youth, but his growth was advanced by a this organization. As soon as a family begins to slight Christian service.

show promise of reconstruction, we urge them to Another youth, a half-breed from Texas, was move out of the coinmunity. It is not a good place kicked out of his home at the age of nine, and to raise their children, thus we cannot build up arrived in San Diego via a box car, determined to a large church membership. We find it difficult become a newsboy. Finding that the only way to

SERVING CHRIST IN CROWDED STREETS

occupy the most remunerative corner was by fight- bully leader finally turned in a gangster's revolver ing his way to the top, after twenty-three battles which he had stolen from an automobile. These in twenty-eight days he occupied that corner. two groups of youth pledged us that they would Then he moved to Los Angeles to "conquer a call off the gang warfare. Finally, as the five larger world." He was so successful as a fighter older fellows were about to leave, the boys' leader that the prize-fight ring offered him a contract. suggested that when they arrived at the high On his way to the eastern part of the city to sign school tomorrow somone would probably slip up a contract, he dropped in to our Boys' Club and behind them and call them "yellow." They disbecame interested in talking with the Director. cussed such a situation rather thoroughly. To He stayed on as a member, finally became a volun- this same bully, who professed to be a Christian, teer leader and later a part-time staff member. we suggested that here was a place where the He decided to enter the field of Christian service Master would help him. That was four years ago to youth and began an uphill fight to educate him- and not one act of hatred has been observed in self. Graduating from high school at twenty-five, these four years between these two groups, as he then went to the university, and for two years they have met one another on the street and in was young people's director in one of the city school. This former "bully gangster" last year churches. Upon graduation he became assistant served as president of his high school student head of one of the large boys' agencies and today body, winning a univerity scholarship, and today is a prominent and successful Christian leader. is studying for the Christian ministry.

There was a time when we were bothered The old Seventh Street Gang, with some fifteen with petty stealing and finally discovered that "Frenchy," one of our boys, was being used by a members, was one of the worst gangs in police clever pickpocket and thieving gang. When anything was stolen all we needed was to tell him history. They robbed, stole and were accredited things must be brought back and then more was returned than we had missed. Three years' mem- with burning down one of the school buildings in bership in the activities of this human service station brought about a transformation in the life of the neighborhood. A young lad was forced to this young man. One day he approached me, saying, "You know, I'm different." There was a new move into the neighborhood because of the famspirit in that youngster. When his club was offered a very elaborate Thanksgiving dinner he ily's financial difficulties. Like most boys he was the one who led in the movement to see that wanted company and went out into the street to what was to be provided for him and his pals, find it. Without knowing it, he became a member should be given to those who needed food much of this old Seventh Street Gang. He had never more. As chairman of the committee after he robbed or stolen before. He was a natural, norcame back from his first jaunt out into human mal boy wanting excitement and he got it. So helpfulness his remark was, "That's the first kind able was he that he became the leader of this old deed I've ever done." Seventh Street Gang. One day he dropped in at the All Nations playground and laughed and Some time ago we became aware of a feud or sneered at what was going on. He came again gang warfare among some of the youth. It grew another day and still another. Finally he joined to rather serious proportions before we discovered in the activities and soon brought one of the memwhat it was all about. A bully, an older boy, had bers of the gang with him. He too laughed and been mistreating three younger boys until they sneered and refused to participate but it was not finally determined they would stand it no longer. long until the appeal of fun got the best of him One evening they ganged up on him in the alley and he followed the leader. All fifteen of that gang joined All Nations and were later baptized. and when he came out of the hospital he decided That leader of the Seventh Street Gang became to retaliate and formed a gang with the help of a member of the board of trustees governing All four other fellows. The three youngsters, discov- Nations. ering this, organized a gang Qf ten. We called the boys in singly and collectively, even summon- These are evidences of a change in attitude, a ing the parents in most cases. When we were change in habit, and a change in personality which through, on the desk of the boys' leader there were we believe that Jesus Christ would recognize as deposited pieces of pipe a foot long, nicely taped a part of the Kingdom of God movement which he on one end in order that it might not slip while sought to create in this old world. being used, brass knuckles, pieces of steel that would fit into the palm of a hand and knives. The The Church is most effective as it translates the Gospel of Jesus Christ into practical forms of hu- man helpfulness. Such evidences of Christian love and understanding eventually find a response in the hearts of those who reside "on the other side of Main Street."

the Gospel in a City

By H. A. IRONSIDE, Litt.D.

Pastor of the Moody Memorial Church, Chicago THE new dispensation was ushered in on the wide to welcome people to hear the Gospel and to day of Pentecost in a city, and that the enjoy Christiftn fellowship. The main auditorium guiltiest city in the entire world. John Bun- has seats for 4,040 people and there are some yan has well used the term "a Jerusalem sinner" seventeen other halls and rooms used every Sun- for the very worst kind of an offender. In Jeru- day (many of them much more frequently) for salem, Ghrist had demonstrated His deity by Sunday School work, young people's meetings and many marvelous works. There He had proclaimed other 'gatherings of various kinds. It has never His wondrous message of grace. Even the chil- been found necessary to use unscriptural methods dren had welcomed Him enthusiastically and in order to draw people. From 3,000 to 4,500 many joined with them as they cried, "Hosanna people are found in this church twice every Sun- to the King that cometh in the name of the Lord." day, listening to plain, simple, Bible preaching.

Yet it was in the same city a few days later that In the morning service we endeavor to expound He was rejected, and outside the gate of that city the Word for the building up of the people of God, he was nailed to a cross. But when he appeared going through book after book of the Bible and to His disciples as the Risen One, he commanded finding constant interest in this method of presentthem to go into the entire world, beginning at ing the truth. The Sunday night meetings are Jerusalem, and to preach to all men the Good evangelistic gatherings where the Gospel is pro- News of remission of sins through faith in Him. claimed with no uncertain sound. The three R's And so the first great revival took place in that are continually insisted on: man's Ruin by sin, very city where fifty days before He had been so the necessity of Regeneration by the Holy Spirit, cruelly and wickedly crucified. and Redemption by the precious. blood of Christ; T.oday the grace of God is as truly sufficient for almost invariably there is definite response in the the city as for the rural community. In spite of way of anxious souls coming to the inquiry room, the varied attractions which the average metrop- seeking for light and help. It is my firm convic- olis provides – its theaters, its cinemas, its tav- tion that wherever these methods are followed, ems, dance halls and kindred places where every under the guidance of the Holy Spirit, people will possible appeal is made to the lust of the flesh, the find their way to the church that refuses to know lust of the eye and the pride of life-the Gospel anything among men "save Jesus Christ and Him is still the power of God unto salvation to every- crucified." one that believeth, in the city as elsewhere. Eight Not for a moment do I mean to imply that we years in the largest evangelistic center of the City should ignore men's social and economic needs. A of Chicago have demonstrated this beyond a department for ministering to those in financial doubt. There is abundant proof that men will tr.ouble is maintained in this church, and through still come to hear the Gospel and will respond to it many poor, distressed .ones have been helped that Gospel if it be preached in dependence on and numbers have been won to Christ.

God, in simplicity and in the power of the Holy Personal evangelism is emphasized and it is Spirit. Dwight L. Moody began his work in this doubtful if there are many wh.o make public pro- great city more than seventy-five years ago. His fession in this church who have not been spoken little church was largely made up of poor, neg- to personally by some friend, inviting them to the lected people wh.o had been won for Christ by meetings and trying to lead them to Christ.

Moody's faithful testimony and kindly interest; The Sunday School work has a pr.ominent place, today there stands in close proximity t.o the city's for we believe that the instruction of boys and great business district, a massive temple erected girls in the Word of God, even before they have in memory of the evangelist and to the glory of definitely decided for Christ, is like setting every- the Christ he preached. The Moody Memorial thing in order for a fire in the stove or furnace.

Church is a building which, as we often announce, Then the match of evangelism often starts the has over three hundred doors and all swinging flame which burns brightly unto eternal life.

[282 ] DR. IRONSIDE AND AN AUDIENCE IN THE MOODY MEMIORIAL CHURCH, CHICAGO Moody himself began as a Sunday School worker their courtesy the Moody Church uses this station and the Moody Sunday School today is an out- to broadcast the Sunday morning services which standing testimony to the value of his methods in thus carry the message into places we could otherdealing with young and old. wise never contact. The Christian Business Men's Committee uses another station, and so reaches In many cities, since the advent of the automo- many more. bile, open-air meetings have become alinost taboo. It is difficult to gather people together to hear the In the neighboring town of Cicero there is a message on the streets when parking space is at a splendid work of evangelism carried on from the premium and it is well nigh impossible to find a Cicero Bible Church. In fact, time would fail me place where a crowd can be gathered. But for to tell all that God is doing through many of the years every summer, open-air testimony has been independent tabernacles, as well as recognized given in various places where it is possible to over- evangelical churches and Gospel halls, the Salvacome these obstacles. Many a wanderer has been tion Army and other groups, who are constantly reached in this way. at it, not only reaching the submerged classes, but the higher-ups as well, with the glad, glorious mes- In this great city there have been other remark- sage of God's free salvation for sinful men. able movements throughout the years, and God has owned them in a marvelous way. Downtown One thing is very striking. When some in the heart of the loop, theater meetings have churches close their doors for the summer, or give been carried on by a Christian Business Men's up any attempt to hold a Sunday night meeting, Committee at the noon hour for nearly eight the churches that stand for a full, clear Gospel years, with the exception of the hot summer find that the crowds will come,and that there is months when outdoor meetings take their place. no occasion whatever to relax their activities in These meetings have resulted in the conversion of the sumWIer months. In many"instances they remany, numbers of whom return from time to time double them. to bear testimony to the reality of the change in their lives. As a result of an experience of nearly fifty years preaching Christ I have no note of pessimism to Radio ministry has proven to be a great help sound. I do not find, as some insist, that there is in giving the Gospel to the city. The Moody Bible a decrease of interest in spiritual realities. On Institute maintains its own station WMBI, carry- the contrary, I can say honestly that there has ing on a continuous evangelistic testimony, which never been a time, excepting during the special reaches tens of thousands of homes. Through great awakenings which have occurred at dif-

ferent intervals in our history as a nation, when drunkard out of the slums, get him to sign the people were so ready to listen to the Gospel, if pre7 pledge and if possible to keep it, clean him up and sented in a kindly and gracious manner by men give him a good suit of clothes, remove him and and women filled with the Holy Spirit, who have his family to a nice, little home in the suburbs, no axes of their own to grind, but who are seeking give him gainful employment, and then let him to make Christ known to those who need Him. die and go to hell unsaved-really, it is not worth while, and I for one would not attempt it." These As to the social gospel-this term which is so are serious words that we may well take to heart. widely used today is, to say the least, extra-scrip- Our great business should be preparing men for tural, and often means "putting the cart before eternity, and when they close with Christ, their the horse." Our Lord Jesus did not say to his dis- outward circumstances will soon undergo a marciples, "Go ye into all the world and seek to clean velous change. Our Lord's words are still apup the slums, to introduce better sanitary condi- plicable, "Seeks.-ye first the Kingdom of God and tions, to improve the environment of the poor and his righteousness and all these things shall be relieve the wants of the needy, to build hospitals added unto you." and endow schools and universities." He did say, "Go'ye into all the world and preach the Gospel to Let me add a word as to Christian education. every creature." But wherever that Gpspel goes, The term "Religious Education" is one that I it proves to be not only the power of God unto abominate. It savors too much of a carnal con- Salvation to everyone that believeth, but it brings ception of religiousness, as fitting a man for untold temporal blessing in its train. The best heaven, in place of emphasizing the importance social work is that which is definitely linked with of a new birth. But Christian education, if really evangelistic testimony. It is true that it would be that, is of great importance. To start with the folly to preach the Gospel to a starving man when youngest children and seek to bring them up in it is possible first to provide him with a good meal, the nurture and admonition of the Lord, ever inbut, unfortunately, the great danger is that phi- sisting on the importance of their own definite lanthropists will be satisfied with giving him the acceptance of Christ, but making them acquainted meal and forget that the need of his soul is far from their earliest days with the great outstandgreater than that of his body. I remember hear- ing truths of the Word of God, will go far toward ing old General William Booth of the Salvation building a substantial Christian constituency in Army talking to a large group of officers when their later years. The danger comes, however, lecturing on "the submerged tenth" in connection if Bible knowledge and catechetical instruction is with his "Darkest England" project. I can see substituted for a definite work of the Holy Spirit the flash in his eye and hear that powerful voice of God, producing conviction and leading the soul yet, as he exclaimed, "Take a poverty-stricken to personal decision for Christ.

Putting the Gospel to the Test By REV. J. F. HARRISON Director of Practical Work, Moody Bible Institute of Chicago HERE are some of the many experiences of large for his age, eleven, with a serious little face those who are putting the Gospel to the and quiet, dignified manner. Just as the meeting was to be closed with prayer Robert said, "I'd like test in our cities. to have Jesus for my Saviour but I've never heard In the Bible class in homes-At the close of the this story and I don't quite understand it all." Bible story the teacher gave, as usual, the invitation to any child present to open his heart and He was asked to stay and talk it over after the ask the Lord Jesus to come in. Several in the others had left. As the other children were obclass of twenty-five expressed the desire. While taining their assortment of caps, coats, mufflers, the other children bowed their heads and closed mittens and galoshes, Robert and the teacher went their eyes, those wishing to accept Christ stood up, into the kitchen to be alone. There Robert told her confessed their sins and their need of a Saviour. that his mother and father were separated and One boy, Robert, there for the first time, seemed he had been sent to a home for unfortunate chiltouched but he did not express a desire. He was dren. "The worst of it is," he said, "that Daddy

PUTTING THE GOSPEL TO THE TEXT

MOODY BIBLE INSTITUTE STUDENTS STARTING OUT TO CARRY THE GOSPEL TO THE CITY and Mummy seemto have forgotten me. I haven't In the jail-The following is from a letter writeven heard from either of them in over three months." Robert's big brown eyes filled with ten by an ex-convict: tears and lips tried hard not to tremble. "I have just returned from the South and There was unspeakable joy in telling Robert that God has said: "When thy mother and thy thought I had better answer your letter. I was father forsake thee, then the Lord will take thee up." He learned that God, the Heavenly Father, over at the Institute on Sunday and I heard a very wanted him to be .His little boy; that God so loved him (Robert) that He sent His only begotten Son helpful service. I am now a very devoted reader that if Robert would believe in Him he should never perish but have a loving Father in Heaven of the Testament which you so kindly gave me. watching over him day and night. He listened so eagerly as he was told how he might be taken into lt gives me great strength and courage to carry the family of God. He asked Jesus to take away all his sins and to adopt him for His own little boy on. forever. "You were a great comfort to me while I was in In the mission–One evening during the testimony meeting a man came forward to say that he prison. God bless you for helping me find the wanted to take Christ as his Saviour. He was a typical bum, intoxicated and filthy. At first the Light. My entire life and way of living have been leader thought he was a "moocher" (one of the kind that profess to accept Christ and then ask changed and I praise Him daily and pray cQnfor a dime to buy a drink) but after taking him into the back room and praying with him we tinually for further guidance and comfort. I hope found that he was sincere. you will always remember me in your prayers. He had spent twenty-three years of his life in a peniteritiary and had been out only a few Sometime I should like to have you make arrangemonths. He was lonely and despondent. As he passed the mission he heard the singing and came ments for me to be baptized." in. He felt that he needed God and accepted Jesus as his Saviour, giving his testimony publicly. In the .hospital-On a Sunday afternoon as I was visiting in the Hospital I stopped beside .the bed of a Jew. After speaking with him for a few minutes I offered him a tract. I never saw a man change so suddenly. He cursed me and he cursed God and Jesus Christ. I opened my Bible and started to read from the Old Testa- ment certain things pertaining to the Jews. He listened until I referred to Jesus Christ. After he had agreed to the fact of God, the truth of the Old Testament, and to the laws and ordinances of the Old Testament, I asked him if he ever took a lamb or a bullock to the priest for a sacrifice for his sins. Of course he had not. I read to him from the Gospel of Matthew without telling him

where I was reading. He agreed to the truth of sands of dollars in intoxicating liquor. For some the portions that I read and when I told him they days he had been under conviction of sin and this were from the New Testament he would not be- night, in desperation, he had been walking the lieve me. I left a Gospel of John and some tracts, streets seeking God. He passed a mission, and telling him I would call again in a few days. going in, explained his desires. They prayed with him but he received the idea that until he could When I returned he had read the Gospel of either speak in tongues or prophesy he was un- John and said that he believed it was true. To saved. make sure that he understood, I went back through the Bible, showing him that Jesus Christ was "the For the greater part of an hour we stood behind Lamb of God that taketh away the sin of the a schoolhouse near a street lamp where we were world," and that He was the eternal sacrifice. The undisturbed, and here this man found the Light. man finally prayed and wept for joy that he had He has been a gangster, and had associated with found the Messiah. some of the bi~est politicians in Chicago, and had a great battle to fight. Later I brought hjm aNew Testament with the Psalms, and he took them as ,a man grasping for One Sunday afternoon I walked up to his apart- a life line. He fairly "ate the Word" and in three ment and found him in a very low frame of mind. weeks his Bible was almost worn out. The remedy prescribed was the confession of Jesus Christ before his associates. In the open air-One evening, after a prayer service, we drove to our district and scouted The next Wednesday evening he came to see me around for a good location. We decided that the and the first thing he said was: "Well, I have Lord wanted us to speak on a corner in a neighbor- done it. I have burned every bridge I had." After hood where Germans, Poles, Russians, Serbians, two days of thinking and praying and reading the Italians and Roumanians reside. We started with Word of God he had come to the conclusion that the song service and in a few minutes over 125 it had to be a clean break. Wednesday morning people had gathered from all directions. Three he went out to the gangsters' headquarters where special songs followed and then the message was he requested that his name be taken off the list. given and those who desired further information The men thought at first he was drunk; then, that and help were asked to step out from the crowd. he was crazy. He was offered whiskey and money About two thirds did so and personal work lasted which he refused, telling them that all the money for half an hour. We knew that the Lord had he got from them was fools' money. He then told given a special blessing and we were jubilant. them of the step he had made and that he was all We found that 63 people had been dealt with and through with them and the kind of life they led. 38 had professed conversion. Nearly four hun- dred tracts had been distributed and people had After convincing them of his sincerity he went taken twenty-one Gospels of John. Other names to several places where he owed bills, paid them . were taken and Gospels were mailed later. so as to have nothing to draw him into the temp- tation of his former life. When he had made the In the street-One evening I had a feeling that slate clean he had ten cents left which he used I must go for a walk. After about twenty minutes in calling up a former friend. I turned the corner to go to my ,apartment, but felt that I should cross the street. As I stepped "Broke but happier than in years," he said and up on the walk a man passed me and I held out a felt as if a burden had been lifted from his shoul- tract which he took. After walking about twenty ders. Without a job and no connections, he faced steps he turned and said, "May I talk with you?" life with more confidence than he had ever known. This man has since been sorely tried as he has His first question was: "Must I speak in sought work. However, God has now graciously tongues to be saved, or believe in any other of provided his need. these things, such as prophesying or healing?" Does the gospel work today? Moody Bible In- I learned that this man had drunk down thou- stitute students say, "Yes."

Why cannot the young people's groups and the church congregations, unite to meet the common task of taking the Gospel to the whole community without disturbing the forms and the confessions of the individual church and the individual denomination? If we do not do this and do it quickly, how can we hope to make our city part of the kingdom of God? .

Let these be our three objectives: 1. To minister as Christian individuals in so far as possible to all whose condition is a challenge to Chris- tian friendliness. 2. To bring the common conscience of the church to bear upon community conditions that are unjust and that degrade life. 3. To carry the preaching and the teaching functions of the church out to those who are at present unreached. ROBERT W. SEARLE.

with the Industrial

By REV. A. J. MUSTE Director of Labor Temple, New York I GNAZIO SILONE is the foremost Italian nov- quisitive, pseudo-scientific, materialistic indus- elist of today. Being an anti-Fascist he does trialism which has been the "respectable religion." not reside in Italy. A few years ago he at- But none of these faiths is meeting the world's tained fame with a novel entitled "Fontamara" needs; on the contrary, under their leadership (Bitter Stream) which pictures village life under and amid their clashing, the world is headed for Fascism. Later he published another novel, catastrophe. "Bread and Wine," which is his portrayal of how Fascism may be overcome. The hero of the book The basic reason why these rival faiths are failwas in the secular revolutionary movement in ing to meet the world's needs and are leading it Italy before Mussolini came to power. Now, ac- to catastrophe is that they are built upon rotten cording to the story, he is back in Italy working moral and spiritual foundations; they deny some in the underground movement for a free regime, of the most fundamental concepts of the Christian but with a very different approach and methods view of the world and of man. from those previously employed. Here are some typical utterances which Silone puts in the mouth We briefly mention three points at which Chrisof his hero: tianity stands in opposition to materialistic indus- trialism, Fascism and Communism. First, the The dictator's henchman must be opposed not with other three systems all hold degraded and degrading henchmen who merely spoke differently, but with men who conceptions as to the nature of the individual, in lived and acted differently…. The evil I see around me contradistinction to the Christian view that the is deeper than politics. It is a canker. . . . There is the human being is spiritual, a child of God, having class-struggle, the struggle between the town and the moral dignity and worth. Let us illustrate. To country, but underlying all these things there is man, a the pseudo-scientific world-view of the pre-war poor, weak, terrified animal. The canker has penetrated period which saw everything in terms of mechanto his marrow. . . . All that remained alive and inde- ism, the human being is "a highly temporary structible of Christianity in me was revived: a Chris- chemical episode on a most petty planet" or "a tianity that neither abdicates in the face of Mammon, nor tiny lump of impure carbon and water." To a proposes concordats with Pontius Pilate, nor offers easy certain kind of industrialism, man is a mere cog careers to the ambitious, but rather leads to prison, seeing in a machine. Henry Ford once said, in effect, that crucifixion is no longer practised. that it is the duty of management to take the load off the worker's back and put it on the machine, For anyone who is acquainted with the modern and to take the load off the worker's mind and literature, especially that of "the Left," which has put it on the office. From the spiritual and moral influenced the thinking of industrial workers in point of view, what is left that is human in a the western world even though not many of them creature with nothing on its back and nothing on . read it, these sentences sound a startlingly new its mind? And practically, of course, this creanote. Yet dozens of quotations could be cited from ture ends on the scrapheap of industry, lucky if recent essays, poems and novels of such impor- the state adopts him as a ward. tant figures as Aldous Huxley, Edmund Wilson, John Dos Passos, Sidney Hook, Josephine John- In Fascism the human being is degraded to a son, W. H. Auden, Andre Gide, Eugene Lyons mere pawn in the hands of the totalitarian State. and others in which the same approach is implicit In Communism the proletariat, idealized in the if not quite so explicit as in Silone's book. People abstract, is in the concrete subjected to the dicin this mood are likely to be much more receptive tatorship of an absolutist Party, and in the Party to the Christian message and philosophy than the member is a pawn: if the Party says that a they have been until recently. man must steal, lie, spy upon and betray his What has brought about this new trend in mod- closest friend, he has no alternative. ern thought? We may put it in this way. The Second, all of these systems, as might be inthree modern faiths which have been rivals to Christianity on the soil of Christendom itself are ferred, regard the system rather than the indi- Fascism, Communism and the get-rich-quick, ac- vidual as important. "Keep this system, with all our marvelous inventions and progress, just as it [287 ]

is, and all will be well; we shall progress auto- man is a part. For obviously, man is a dependent, matically and forever"-is or was the naIve faith a contingent being. We did not create ourselves. of a materialistic capitalism. "Smash it all and Weare the product, the creation of something- put another system in its place and all our prob- Some One. lems will be solved"-is the equally naIve faith of the secularist Marxist. Christianity knows that Of what, then? Of whom? Creatures of mat- any "system" is only human beings living in cer- ter? "Tiny lumps of impure carbon and water"? tain relationships; unless something happens in How then can we, out of "mere matter," produce the human being, nothing has happened at all. creatures who can make moral decisions and re- spect themselves? Or is man the product of some Third, all of these systems believe in power and vast cosmic mechanism? How shall he then be- domination. They reject and despise gentleness, come more than a cog in that impersonal machine? meekness, love. They believe that "the end justi- fies the means." They think that the world can No, if our problem is what so many are coming somehow, by violence, ruthlessness, repression, again to see, what "high religion" has always _ dictatorship, reach the goal of peace and democ- known it to be, then must we not conclude that racy and brotherhood. The civilized, capitalistic there is no salvation for us from suicide, indi- world believed this doctrine so firmly that twenty vidual and collective, no means of maintaining or years ago it spent directly and indirectly thirty recovering the self-respect without which man million human lives and four hundred billion dol- cannot go on living, unless man can know him- lars' worth of wealth in a war that was to make self as the creation of Spirit, living in a universe the world finally "safe for democracy" and put which is somehow governed by moral and spir- an end to war. Having observed the results, this itual law? Is there then any escape from "the capitalistic world cannot yet make up its mind to gods many and lords many" who rule this age save renounce the method of war, even though that too in "the one God, the Father," whose very nature involves a bit of risk, any more than Russia is it is to produce sons and daughters who can re- prepared to renounce the method of dictatorship, spect themselves and love each other? Can there chekas, espionage and repression, though all it be then any Lord save the "one Lord, Jesus seems to lead to is more dictatorship, chew, Christ," who thus saw man and God and lived in espionage and repression. the light and power of that vision?

Obviously on the terms of any of these systems How else, furthermore, shall we find the dy- life becomes meaningless at last; human beings namic for building a sane and brotherly world? cannot respect themselves; they cannot make It is a question of dynamic. "Never higher than moral decisions because they do not think there in our time were the vital advantages." The vis- is such a thing as morality apart from expediency. ion of a new order has never been clearer; the Men who really think thus of themselves do not material resources are at hand. But confusion, worship God, do not create great art, do not build cynicism, ruthlessness, oppression, terror stalk democratic societies. To do these things we have the earth. "When hatred promised an immediate to believe in the dignity and moral worth of man. dividend all of us hated." We have to understand that the basic question is the nature and quality of the human being. We, who stand on Christian ground and who share the Christian experience, are alone able to The Christian message may again receive a speak with confidence to the "Wise Men" of our hearing which it has not had for some time, since day and to the industrial masses who have been 'a growing number of important writers, particu- under their influence; as Paul spoke to the men larly writers of "the Left," are beginning to pro- of Athens: "I observe, wherever I turn, that you claim again the great human and Christian truth are a most religious people. As I passed along that we must know whether human beings are and scanned your objects of worship, I actually creatures of spirit and so are capable of building came upon an altar with the inscription and living in a free fellowship; changing systems is not enough; the means that men use inevitably TO AN UNKNOWN GOD. determine the ends they achieve. I proclaim to you this God whom you worship in If we really become desperately concerned about your ignorance." the nature and quality of the human being; if we are convinced that we cannot build a new world The Church of Christ today is confronted, as merely by changes in external arrangements, that in its first days, with dictatorship, absolutisms, we must have first of all people capable of making modern Cresarisms – persecuted and hounded by moral decisions and living in a free society, then them. It will probably become increasingly diffi- inevitably the argument will have to be pushed a cult in all lands for the Church to meet the de- step farther back. We have to ask what is the mands of the State for an absolute allegiance and nature and character of the universe of which .retain its own soul. The Church may well be put again in the position of a small minority spiritual fellowship in a hostile world, driven to carryon

A POLICEMAN TRANSFORMED

its worship in the catacombs, "in deserts and Christian evangelism to the industrial worker mountains and caves, and the holes of the earth." must meet him in the arena of his intellect. It On the other hand men everywhere are sensing must prove itself competent to demonstrate the that such a world is doomed and are raising their inadequacy and falsehood of materialistic indusvoices again in the cry for the help which is to trialism, F,ascism and Marxism. It must meet be found only in the Eternal Word of God's re- the worker in the arena of his needs as a cog in deeming love, which by grace is ours. the machine of industry. It must be the voice of a church which does not attempt to defend, much A church which is not prepared to undergo the less to identify its own fate with that of a selfish terrific intellectual and theological labor involved economic order, based on acquisitiveness and in translating its Gospel into the language and strife or with a political order based on violence thought-forms of our day-as Paul, John, Origen, and dictatorship. It must be a church which Augustine, Luther and Calvin did for their day brings the economic order under the judgment of -will not be able to "speak to the condition" of Christ and must insist that in all relationships His these people. A church which, like the Russian spirit and teaching shall be the standard. On church under the Czars, becomes a mere bulwark these terms the Church will also be able to proof the existing order, deaf to human needs, bless- claim to the workers the prophetic truth that they ing or condoning the war-system, a mere tool of will reap nothing but disillusionment and despair the Cresars and the economic and political Cresar- if they seek to achieve freedom and peace and ism of our day-such a church will not be able to brotherhood by the way of dictatorship and vio- "speak to the condition" of troubled and seeking lence and hate. modern men. But a church which is prepared to think through and state the Christian faith in the Modern Christian evangelism must also prolanguage of the present age; a church that is claim to industrial workers the personal Gospelready to be indeed an international fellowship, the eternal message that each man must settle his animated by and obedient to the spirit of Jesus, own account with God; he can by no means pass ready to break loose from entangling alliances on to ,another the responsibility of his own sin or with the Cresars and Cresarism of today, and eager to "society" or "the system"; nevertheless he canto seek to realize the will of God on earth as it is not himself settle that account nor carry that in Heaven – such a church is in a position to burden; God himself by grace wipes out the accall upon modern "Wise Men" and masses alike count and takes upon His own redemptive love the to follow Christ and not Barabbas. This church burden, and so sets man, His child, free and makes will call today with more likelihood of being him a member of the church – the fellowship of heeded than for many decades past. the Redeemed.

A Policeman Transformed By PAUL L. BUFFA, New York City A CERTAIN Christian worker has taken ad- Meadows, where the new Exposition Grounds are vantage of the dearth of candidates in all being landscaped, the policeman drove his car off Fraternal Orders and made it part of his the road and stopped it on an ash dump. To his astonished companion he began to speak of his responsibility to give some of his time to large own spiritual problem. After being confirmed in his mother's church, he never entered a church. groups of men who are always looking for inter- He had tried to live a clean, upright life; he was esting speakers. He has found that the plain happy in his family life, his mother making a story of God's redeeming love, told without an- home for him. Being ambitious and capable, he thropomorphic "gaucheries," without mythology was studying with a view to advancement and and ecclesiastical trappings, always secures the therefore had not yet given thought to getting rapt attention of many rather sophisticated audi- married. He was popular with the "boys" with ences. whom he worked but, said he, "I am not popular with myself. I wish I could become different. I On one such errand, during the first week of am not at rest when I am alone with myself." last November, after he had delivered his message and while putting on his overcoat in the ante- The police officer stated he had talked with sevroom, dismally considering the long street car and eral clergymen-"all very nice men; but some subway journey from Brooklyn to the Bronx, he were too learned for me and said things which was approached by a tall man in a police officer's sounded lovely but did not mean anything to me. uniform who offered to take him home in his car.

While the two were crossing the Flushing

Others treated me like a Bowery tramp and ex- she had gained hope and that the Holy Spirit was horted me to give up my 'wickedness' ; others gave at work in her heart. me easy assurances that I was all right and all I needed was to join their particular church." He New Year's Eve came around and with it the was neither learned, wicked nor desirous of Watch-night service in the Christian worker's church membership, but he was hungry and parish. It was a Candle Lighting Service and, thirsty for new incentives and new motivations after everyone had gone home, he made his cusand a new drive. tomary rounds to make sure all was right in the building. At about one o'clock in the morning, The Christian worker, who does not believe in there was a terrific pounding on the main door of argumentation but in the unfailing power of the the church. The worker opened it and was sur- Word of God when "fitly spoken," quietly asked prised by the sight of his policeman friend accomhis heavenly Father for guidance and was led to panied by over a dozen of the toughest and shadquote (Ezekiel 36: 26), "A new heart also will I iest characters,;irom his neighborhood, together give you, and a new spirit will I put within you; with a generous sprinkling of the "caulyflowered and I will take away the stony heart out of your ear," punch drunk "punks" who love to be conflesh, and I will give you an heart of flesh." sidered dangerous, without being really criminal at heart. The policeman apologized for the late- Having slowly repeated this word of promise ness of the hour but he had to finish his day's three times, he felt compelled to silence. For sev- work. He had received the Pastor's circular aneral minutes an atmosphere of tenseness and ex- nouncing the Candle Lighting Service and had depectancy pervaded the car. Then the policeman cided to come and place his candle on the Altar. spoke: He had conceived the plan of inviting the hangers- on, who, at night, are always loafing in front of a "It may be inconvenient to kneel in this car; certain saloon in the vicinity. He remarked: but I feel there should be prayer here. If I stick "They were not in a position to say no; so here my knees in your eyes, just forgive me; my legs we are!" are rather long." Having lit a candle and placed it in the proper He then asked the Christian worker to pray. place he turned to the motley crew who, in the The worker told him to pray for himself. An- penumbra of the church, looked like some of other silence followed, when there took place the Dore's damned; he told them the laws of man most beautiful thing which can happen on earth had touched many of them but evidently had -that which causes the Angels in Heaven to re- helped them very little. He asked if, like himself, JOIce. In simple, sincere language, the young any of them would give the Saviour a chance. policeman started groping for the hand of the Father, which was stretched out to him in his Three of those boys have since come to the darkness. Before the two arose from their knees, Christian worker for spiritual guidance. this valiant young man had taken his oath of allegiance to the Lord Jesus Christ. To the verse quoted in the car on the Flushing Meadows, the worker now would add the marvel- Thanksgiving Day came around and with it ous words of Ezekiel 36: 29. joy was brought to many, and silent, bitter sor- "And I will call for the corn and I will increase row to others. Our police friend was cruising in it." a Radio Car with his Irish partner, when the screams of women and children from the windows "The greatest church in all the land, of a tenement drew their attention; upon inves- With wealth and power in its control, tigation, it was found that a young mother had tried to commit suicide by inhaling gas and to Holds naught but ashes in its hand, asphyxiate also her little children. The Irish Unless it guards the city's soul. officer went for the telephone while our policeman proceeded to administer first aid. He succeeded in What means this stately granite pile, reviving the woman when, in a hysterical fit she To Christian worship set apart, badly bit his finger, cursing him for bringing her back to life. When he saw her physical life re- If crowded streets, mile upon mile, turning he felt immediately concerned for her Feel not the throbbing of its heart? spiritual life and, disregarding his own hurt, he raised his heart in prayer to God on her behalf. "Respond, 0 church! these myriad calls After completing his day's duty, tired and hungry, Appealing, come from street and mart, the officer, before even taking food, made it a point to pick up the Christian worker and take Where every man whom sin enthralls, him to see the woman who had been snatched from Expects a welcome to thy heart. such untimely end. He found that, in her despair, Reach out, 0 church! this is the hour To make thy ministry complete!

God waits, to furnish thee with power, To lift the city to his feet."

A SKETCH OF THE CONCENTRATION

THE GOODS AND ILLS OF . URBAN LIFE / INNER CITY AREA OUTER CITY AREA RESIDENTIAL SUBURB~ " FOREIGN BORN MINGLING OF NATIONALITIES NATIVE AMERICAN POOR HOUSING APARTMENTS-HIGH RENT SPACIOUS RESIDENCES —……… ~ Af~ POOR HOME FURNISHINGS LOW RATE OF HOME OWNERSHIP LOW AATEOF HOME OWNERSHIP1HIGH RATE OF HOMEOWNERSHI! , DOWNTOWN MUNICIPAL COMFORTABLE FURNISHINGS 'f/<-P~.~ ~ . CROWDING LIMITED SPACE MUCH SPACE PER PERSON POOR LIGHT AND AIR LESS SMOKE AND DIRT PURER AIR BUILDINCS (:)", ('" POOR PLA'1 FACILITIES LIM1TED PLAY FACiliTIES GOOD PLAV FACILITIES LIBRARIES .~.~, – MUSEUMS NO TREES AND GRASS FEW TREES-SMALL VAROS TREES AND CRASS 0~ DIRTV STREET~AlLEYS CLEAN STREETS THEATRES ~ti;E§~<~:_:> IHIGHHIDHGEIHAGTHHINRFBAATIRENTBTYHDTUREBAAETTREHCURLOASTISE I BIG STORES LOW BIRTH RATE lOW BIRTH RATE LOW INFANT DEATH RATE OFFICE BUILDING CENTRAL BANKS LOW DEATH flATE BY TUBERCULOSIS TRANSPDRTATIO CENTRE ~~ ~'yZ HIGH DELINQUENCV RATE JINCREASING DELINQUENCY RATE, LOW DElINQUENCV RATE -' ~'~~~,,»'/INADEQUATE FOOD AND CLOTHING/ADEQUATE FOOD AND CLOTHING / PLENTY OF FOOD AND CLOTHING/ I MUCH UNEMPLOYMENT I I LITTLE UNEMPLOVMENT ;/ I I I MEDIUM RELIEF ~ATES ~ HIGH REUEF RATES LOW RELIEF RATES LOW WAGE II I MODERATE INCOME HIGH INCOME I I '"' "OUTWARD MOVEMENT OF' LEADERSHIP RAPID MOVEMENT FROM / LOW "MOBILITY RATE CONCENTRATION OF -ILLS" PLACE TO PLACE / ICONCENTRATION OF "GOODS"j The Inner and the Outer City By REV. ERNEST GRAHAM GUTHRIE, D.D., LL.D.

General Director of the Chicago Congregational Union I T IS impossible to describe a Modern American ulation, an accumulation of problems of poverty, City in terms that would be true of all, for they delinquency, and crime. So hostile is this environ- differ widely in what they do to and with hu- ment to human life that, no matter what racial man life. Nor is it easy to describe in general group takes up its aoode in these areas, no matter terms. the varied relationships of the Christian how good the stock from which they have come, Church to these differing patterns of life. We sooner or later the same signs of deterioration becan, however, recognize certain facts that create come starkly revealed. And yet out of these very one of the major problems with which the Church areas have come some of the best life we have, has to deal. There is a flight of human life to- rising on ladders visible and invisible to high wards the suburbs, under the drive of the home- place in industry and commerce, in the arts and making instinct, carrying with it many of the religion, in the public life of the city and the naablest citizens, and much of the wealth and other tion. The outer area of the city, with singular resource that was formerly available for the In- exceptions, in industrial suburbs, and even "subner City. The ultimate result is, that the city has urban slums," is marked by the power of wealth, two sharply contrasted areas. The one is marked the advantages of education and superior trainby poor housing, suffocating densities of pop- ing, and, often by a" deep ignorance of, and de- [291 ]

tachment from, the massed disadvantages to is never primary, although often it grows with human life in the central area from which they the growth of all the rest. This means that every have escaped. suburban church has one such relationship to an The resources of the Christian Church have in institution of the Inner City, and the strongest the main followed the course of this economic and churches may have four or five. On the other social drive. The great churches of the suburbs hand, every institution in the Inner City has, in are, in the first instance, the products of this turn, some three to six suburban churches as an movement, and it would not be difficult to substan- inner circle of dynamic fellowship. This Plan is tiate the thesis that these churches have not only fostered within the general organization of the been built up at the expense of the old mother church for the whole city, and is guided constantly churches of the Inner City, but are still dependent by a Cooperating Committee of eighteen repre- upon them for much of their best Christian lead- sentatives of the suburban churches, but the point ership. This movement of the Church life leaves is that these relationships are direct. They grow behind it a situation that is tragically familiar. at both ends through deepening understanding The older fortresses of the faith and service are, and knowledge, and above all by mutual respect with outstanding exceptions, being constantly de- and mutual service, as common participants in pleted, not only in financial resources but in the one faith and one Christian trust.

character of their ministerial and lay leadership, The various strands of this fellowship are all at the very moment when they are facing new important and for different reasons: and often alien populations and the vast complexity of human problems that are the result of the (1) The local boards of the Inner City institubasic movement referred to above. The total re- tions are drawn from the several churches to sult is that the Christian Church is weaKest, in which they are related, and are so carefully chosen every form of resource, in the very area of the that it is not too much to say that many of these most bitter and complex human need. institutions have a calibre of Christian men and women directing them that is, on the average, But that the Christian Church is not satisfied higher than that of anyone of the suburban to leave this situation as it stands, that it is seek- churches related to them. Nor are these men and ing a way and is finding a way to return in the women concerned with finances and bills alone. power of its faith and service into the Inner City Here is one powerful enough to change the whole there is abundant evidence. It is the purpose of attitude of the police to a foreign group the instithis article to briefly indicate some of the ways tution serves. Another caused even a Judge of a in which this is being, and can be increasingly court to be disciplined for unseemly reference to done by a si.ngle communion, by a united Prot- the race for which the Center was maintained. A estantism, and by the still more comprehensive third reaches into the City government, to correct action of the religious leadership of the city as a the menace to health of open drains and sewers. whole. Still others, of the right training and gifts, help the institution to evolve from simply doing am- The Strategy of a Single Communion The first necessity is for any given communion bulance work for those wounded by hardship and to establish an adequate stake of its own life and evil into a powerful center of thought and action, service in the Inner City. If we leave aside, for striking constructively to eliminate the sources of the moment, the older original churches, this stake misery at their origin.

is represented by a group of institutions that (2) A second and a golden strand is the stream range all the way from Rescue Missions and For- of volunteer assistance in the service of these in- eign-Speaking Churches, to Neighborhood Houses, stitutions. The original settlement movement was which are the Church's forms of the Settlement an effort to give to the blighted areas of our cities Movement, and smaller churches of the conven- the kind of intelligence, high moral character, and tional type. One of the vexed questions within trained service and leadership for education, several of our communions at the present time is recreation, and community reconstruction, of to determine in what proportions its resources which these areas had been depleted. To the set- should be divided between churches that build the tlements of London came some of the best life of fellowship and institutions whose ministry is Oxford and Cambridge Universities. In these poured forth, without hope of any kind of return, training grounds were created some of the great out of the chalice of a self-forgetting service. Proconsuls of the empire who, like Milner in Af- Our problem is to create a vital sense of fellow- rica, however highly placed, never forgot how the ship between these two arms of the Church's serv- other half lived and the high trust they held for ice. In one communion what is known as the Fel- that other half. 'From these suburban churches lowship Plan binds these two groups together in have come volunteers, equaling and sometimes a multitude of strands of which the financial bond surpassing in number, the regular staffs of these

THE INNER AND THE OUTER CITY

MEXICAN BOYS AND GIRLS ENACTING THE CHRISTMAS STORY IN FIRMAN HOUSE, CHICAGO institutions, who have given their talents freely ways consciously and wisely kept subordinate, to communities which yesterday they did not even nevertheless grows in a myriad ways. Equipment arrives, from baseball bats to an organ, for the know existed. institution; boys and girls are given opportunities (3) A third important strand is the leadership to recover their health; scholarships are founded by which the more talented may climb towards at both ends of the relationship. The fellowship high careers; golden ladders are let down into the is conceived to be mutual, and it is increasingly darkness, not one, but many. And when any great becoming so. The business of the leader of the single undertaking for some desperate need of a Inner City institution is to enlarge the social con:" single community is set before the communion as sciousness and quicken the social conscience of a whole, it is not the four or five suburban the suburban church; and, where the leader of churches that are its inner circle of fellowship the suburban church rightly uses his opportunity, alone, that respond, but the entire fellowship of his church, at meeting after meeting, in group churches, rising in a single year to contributions after group, is exposed to the cruel pressure and amounting to $75,000, beyond all that is given by the disfiguring results of the city's pitiless forces, the central organization of the Church. As one on other neighborhoods. But always these tragic of the active leaders in this plan has said, "Its scenes are depicted by a leader who offers through basis is found in the fact that fundamentally each his own institution an arm of Christian service one of us regards himself as a part of this great and power that day in and day out is battling city and the city a part of himself." against these evils for human life. As a consequence, many of these churches are beginning to We turn, for a 'moment, to the old mother ask for surveys of the neighborhoods in which churches in the heart of the city. Some of these their related institutions work to go beyond vague are still strong in membership, in resource and impressions and face directly the bitter facts. influence. They have maintained themselves, amidst the currents and the tides that have swept (4) We can hardly wonder that, where these, others into weakness or oblivion. They are susand other strands, of direct fellowship are grow- tained by the loyalty of members who live in the ing in strength, the financial exchange between these two arms of Christ's service, which is al-

suburbs, but whose spiritual home is in the heart bankruptcy and moral and spiritual treason that of the city. And how greatly some of these old it is? Are no great spiritual questions being churches are maintained, a center of tranquility asked,if not in the churches of the suburbs, then amidst the increasing perturbation, full of deep in the souls of suburban men and women as they and great ministries to myriads of lives otherwise drop off, at their quiet stations in the evening, without close human ties, sanctuaries of all forms and pass, through long avenues of beauty to their and moods of worship, on whose altar, as one of homes, or as, in the morning, their train stops their ministers has said, "will burri unobtrusively for a moment to give them a close sight of the but perpetually, a flame symbolizing the everlast- blighted areas of the great city's life?" ing presence of a Friendly God." Perhaps there is no greater service rendered by the suburbs to In one of our great cities the united religious the Inner City than by those who maintain such leadership has set itself to analyze the forces that loyalties, as long as life lasts, and who are sup- make and mar the city, to give a synoptic picture ported in their loyalty by the approval of minis- of the vast orga'frism, as a whole, and this picture ters and churches in the suburbs who look not at is being painted by economists, by industrialists, their own things alone. by politicians, mid all that great company who know how the segment of its mighty life with On the other hand, is' there anything more which they are familiar came to be, what exactly tragic, and, in a great sense, more unnecessary, are the sources of its evils, and from which directhan the dying back of these great centers of wor- tion its salvation must come. ship for lack of support? One by one they perish within their own little denominational fellowships It is only as the organic wholeness of the city that can no longer maintain them. Will the day slowly forms itself in the minds and hearts and never come when these things will be counted challenges the wills of the total leadership of the among the scandals and the high crimes of our Church, in all its branches, and in all its locations, divided Protestantism? Is there not sufficient that the great Kingdom of cooperative life, topower, despite the tribal spirit that still infects wards which the true Church ever lives and them, working with the rising tide of protest serves, will come to pass. In Elizabeth Goudge's against their divided and composite futility, for "A City of Bells," it is said of the old Canon of the Protestant churches to take their stand on the Cathedral, as he moved, one Christmas eve, this at least, and determine that, no matter who through the slums of that Cathedral city: "He comes or who goes, as long as human life inhabits hated segregation, inevitable though he knew it these inner areas, there shall be enough great to be. He hated the barriers of time and age and churches to give a united witness, a united serv- class and language. He longed for the time when ice, and enduring expression to the high resolve all the different lights carried by man in the pagthat, under God, it will not let the heart of the eantry of life should grow into one." city go. No greater service could the churches of the suburbs, as a whole, of every and all commun- Enough has been said above of the active and ions, render than to take an unbroken stand that serving church in the city to show that those diftheir gifts shall not be made to the Inner City ferent lights have grown into one, wherever privexcept under the high policy and technique of, a ilege has shared with those who lack it, wherever United Church. love has found the way to blend life's myriad lights together, in the fellowship that is of, in, Different Lights Grow Into One and through Christ. But these things, of which we dream, and for which we work, in the great- But these are at best but superficial movements ness of our hope, will never come to pass until the towards the greater solidarity of life, that must power of God in Christ so invests His Church be realized in the Modern City. The church in the that we shall learn anew what the Church is and suburbs must delve deeper into its owngonscience can be when it becomes in reality "the act of God and ask, of those who can answer it, "How came in Christ in the midst of time." these things to be?" What industry was it that enticed these 200,000 Negroes from their cabins There are churches which say to their people in the Southland and hurled them, helpless, into the great maelstrom of the city? By whose mor- that one of the requirements of Christian fellowtal and human enactment do both Church and City have on their hands, this multitude of ap- ship is service for which no material reward is parently insoluble problems? paid. One church has, in addition to those who "By whose retreat from citizenship of the great city into the toy citizenship of the beautiful sub- give service in its own program, nearly one hunurban village, does municipal government become the combination of graft and cloaked crime of dred and fifty members who regularly each week are working in the community as volunteers in Christ's name. They are teaching the blind, work- ing in hospitals, calling on the aged, leading groups in boys' and girls' clubs, helping out in other churches. ROBERT W. SEARLE.

A United Church

By the REV. GORDON R. LAHRSON, New York Minister of the Henry Street United Church I NTERDENOMINATIONALISM has often been greener pastures. Why move as long as the com- an interesting subject for speculation and de- munity is filled with human beings whom the bate. The recent conferences in Oxford and Church of Christ is supposed to serve, regardless Edinburgh indicate certain avenues of cooperative of their social or economic rating? effort upon which all Protestant groups may travel. Too frequently, however, the much-ado These two churches have had a flexible minisabout denominations getting together has been try which has sought to interpret the message of like Mark Twain's observation concerning the Christ in light of the human problems and condiweather, it is a subject of much talk but nothing tions in the community. No church can long exist is done about it. While a feeling of helplessness in Manhattan with a static program. Traditional may be justified in the attempt to bring about practices must often yield to newer methods; and ecclesiastical union between certain denominations, church union is being successfully attempted yet, is not the glory of a rich tradition for any .inon the common ground of Christian service. stitution a ministry of service with enough viSIOn Two of the oldest churches in Manhattan, the and understanding to adapt itself to the deepest Mariners'Temple (Baptist) and the Sea and Land needs of men? (Presbyterian), have now joined forces in a united Christian program. The ministers and Mariners' Temple was built in 1795 as the workers in the two churches have been brought Oliver Street Baptist Church and is the oldest together and a coordination of activities has been Baptist edifice in New York City. It was rebuilt affected. While each church maintains its eccle- in 1844, and since that time has been known as siastical identity, all worship and service enter- Mariners' Temple. It is frequently referred to prises have been combined under one adminis- as the "Mother of Churches," several Baptist churches in the city having sprung from it– tration. American, Chinese, Danish, Italian, Norwegian, In evaluating this significant step of church Lettish, Swedish and Russian. Baptist work in Sweden, Norway and Denmark was begun by seaunion, one must recognize the drastic changes men who were members of Mariners' Temple. which have taken place in downtown New York, During the pioneer days, other members of the affecting every aspect of community life. With "Mother Church" were instrumental in organizing the shifting of Anglo-Saxon populations away churches in Illinois, Iowa and Minnesota. A very from the downtown area, the vast majority of impressive work was carried on among seamen in churches have joined in the exodus. This commu- the early days and from this ministry came the nity upheaval, however, has not resulted in a name by which the church has been popularly dearth of human beings. Great masses are forced known. The daily and nightly ministry to hometo live in these congested areas, in a setting which less men has been an outstanding feature of the lacks many cultural and spiritual advantages. work, and throughout its history this church has People with small incomes must dwell in these opened its doors to people of high and low degree. deteriorated, tenement districts. The same has been true of the Church of the Only a few of the old churches have been able Sea and Land. The present building goes back to to remain to interpret Christ's way of life to the the year 1817. It has had a dramatic history. throngs of human souls who must live in these Frederick Bruckbauer's book, "The Kirk on "haunts of wretchedness and need." Among the Rutgers Farm," portrays the thrilling story of few the Mariners' Temple and the Church of Sea this church up to the year 1919. George Alexand'Land are outstanding examples. Facing the ander, in his introduction to the book, made this social changes of more than a hundred years in revealing observation: the lower east side, these churches have stayed on the job, adapting their ministry to meet the needs In its first half century it sheltered a worshipping conof the changing population. They did not run gregation of staid Knickerbocker type, which, though blest away when their leading members moved to with a ministry of extraordinary ability and spiritual power, succumbed to its unfriendly environment and per- ished.

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In its second half-century it became the home of a flock who come for aid. A large number have been of God, poor in this world's goods, but rich in faith, to whom the environment even when changing from bad to given a new hold on life through this work. worse, was a challenge to faith and valiant service. ("The The week is filled with many activities, includ- Kirk on Rutgers Farm," Frederick Bruckbauer, page 5.) ing movies for children, Weekday Church School, The Sea and Land has carried on work not only Boys' and Girls' Clubs, Greek Service, Spanish for English-speaking peoples but for Italians, Service, meetings of Italian groups, Women's So- Greeks, Russians, Spaniards and Jews. At pres- cieties, Gymnasium Classes and Socials. ent, the Italian congregation ranks as one of the strong, foreign-speaking Protestant groups in the The work with children and young people is one city. For many years Sea and Land also had an of the most challenging aspects of the program, important work with seamen when such a minis- for the building of Christian character in childtry was vitally needed. Always the purpose has hood and adolescence constitute a major function been to serve the people of the community. Mr. of every Christian church. Bruckbauer fittingly expressed the spirit of the church. The lower ea~ side is rapidly changing. The new Knickerbocker Village, with its 1,600 fam- ilies, has already made a difference. It is like a lovely oasis in the midst of a desert. The Henry Never has this been a selfish, self-contained organism, Street United Church is providing a place in its but a living, throbbing influence that went out beyond the program of worship and service for the unshadow of its gray walls, prodigal in giving to others the churched people who live there. At present, good things of the gospel that were fostered there. Many scores of old tenement buildings are being torn a church at home and abroad has cause to bless Market Street for the men and women that she brought up in the down, and a re-zoning of the entire district is benurture and admonition of the Lord. ("The Kirk on ing proposed, making it predominantly residential. Rutgers Farm," Bruckbauer, page 105.) If these plans are carried out, a new community Today, the Henry Street United Church brings will come into being. Whatever the changes, together these famous institutions. Once again, Henry Street United Church will once more seek they have met the need of a change which means to adapt its ministry to meet the needs of the more effective service. Each group discovered people.

that it was seeking to do alone that which could be Many hope that there will be enough social accomplished more effectively in a cooperative imagination to provide the kind of housing that enterprise. There has not been the disposition on will be decent and respectable and at the same the part of either church to bemoan the loss of de- time within the economic means of families now nominational glory. Rather, there is a sense of living in the tenements. Those who work in pride in being a part of a denominationalism that underprivileged areas are keenly aware that has the glory of an interdenominational spirit and Christianity must do more than extend the hand a cooperative movement for the common good of of personal kindness. These people need also a the community. social and economic environment with the kind of This Union has made possible stronger leader- soil in which the seeds of personal character can ship and the interchanging of ideas and the fel- grow. When such conditions are provided, the lowship under a united staff of workers. Both beauty and power of the Christian life will find buildings are used: Mariners' Temple (at 3 Henry the best opportunity for expression. Then the Street) and the Sea and Land (at 61 Henry missionary efforts of the church will count for the Street) are only one block apart and the two most. "Men do not gather grapes of thorns or buildings provide adequate equipment for the figs of thistles." Truly this principle applies to work. The Sunday program includes Church social as well as to personal living.

School, Morning Worship, Italian Service in the The vision and support of this united enterprise afternoon, Young People's Meeting and Evening come from the New York City Baptist Mission Worship. Society, the Church Extension Committee of the The ministry of the United Church to homeless New York Presbytery and the New York City men is unique. A Service is held for them every Mission (interdenominational). The work of the night in Hubbell Hall of Mariners' Temple. Food Henry Street United Church is indicative of the and free lodging are provided daily for as large a indispensable part which City Societies have in number as can be accommodated. During the win- bringing the Christian message to our crowded ter as many as 200 men are kept for a single night. urban communities. The splendid way in which Friendly counsel is given to individuals as young these societies have been working together in and old pour out their heart-breaking stories of sponsoring the work reveals a significant phase misfortune. The purpose of this ministry is to of interdenominational cooperation. We have dis- aid in the rehabilitation of manhood. Frequently covered that such church union is a great success men of fine education and culture are among those when expressed in terms of Christian service.

"What Can a Suburban Church Do?"

By the REV. FRANK FlIT, D.D.

The Grosse Pointe Memorial Church, Grosse Pointe Farms, Michigan T HIS church is situated three miles from the applies to all of life across the whole world, the official limits and nine miles from the chief groundwork is laid for a vital and intelligent serv- shopping center of the fourth largest city in ice to the multitudes who live in the near-by city.

the United States. It stands on the rim of a half- The condition of the world since 1914 has been circle of twenty square miles containing nearly compelling us to loosen and to thrust away our two million people. Within that half-circle are theological strait-jackets. Now, in this year gathered races and religions from all the world. 1938, as all of us are compelled to gaze at the very We have almost a thousand adult members, per- pit of hell by the terrible course of events, we see haps fifteen per cent of whom would be reckoned clearly, as never before, the true meaning of in the well-to-do class. A similar proportion Christ's message of salvation to mankind. That would be counted at the other end of the economic message means redemption for a man's nature, scale. The remaining seventy per cent of the for his home, for his school, for his shop and members belong to the middle-class group, neither store 'and factory and for his local and state and rich, nor poor. All local groups are represented, national government. It is a message for a man take part in the services and sit on the official and for the society in which he lives. It is for the boards. We have a very adequate church house individual and for all men. This is the conviction in which a program is carried on seven days a by which we Christians truly live and serve. week. In its tradition and opportunity there is nothing in what this particular church may offer Bonds of Service and Understanding to the near-by city which cannot be offered by al- Such a conception of the Christian Gospel is most any of the thousands of Protestant suburban certain to bear fruit in a process of education and churches surrounding the ninety-four cities of the service between the suburban church and the city. United States which in the 1930 census had a pop- It is quite incredible that such a Gospel should be ulation of over one hundred thousand. Some proclaimed and accepted without a constantly inchurches, more favored by resources and per- creasing interchange of information and effort. sonnel and opportunity, can offer more, and some Like other churches this church has its regular churches, less favored, can offer less. services of prayer and praise and instruction.

Th~ First Essential Here are some sample speeches addressed to groups in the interests of the city in recent weeks. Surely the first essential of such a church in its In their aggregate they were heard by the maoffering to the city is that the Christian Gospel jority of the adult members of the church. proclaimed from its pulpit, believed in by its members and assumed in its program from begin- "Making a Department Store a Civic Institution," by ning to end, is as broad and deep as human life the publicity director of a large department store; and its varied needs. Although the Grosse Pointe Farms church must of necessity bear certain "Mosaic or Melting Pot," by a member of the Detroit labels, in the sense that it is Presbyterian in its Council of Social Agencies; connection and witnesses to evangelical Christianity, there is nothing denominational in its offering "Life in a Settlement House," by the director of a setto the city. We believe that the Christian Gospel tlement; is greater than anyone parish or any single denomination, and that the flow of a redeeming and "Security amidst Uncertainty," by the special supertransforming Divine Grace can come down all visor of the Detroit Edison Company; channels that minister truly to mankind in the name of Christ. When such a conception of the "Cooperatives in Michigan," by an authority on coop- Gospel is proclaimed and believed, when the as- eratives; sumption of the entire parish is that the Gospel "The Church and Youth Delinquency," by a member of the Social Service Department of the Detroit Council of Churches; "The Negro of Detroit," by an authority; "Human Interest in Industry," by the personnel director of a large automobile company; "Bargaining between Employer and Employee," by an official in a large industry; [ 297]

"The Christian Approach to the Jew," by a Christian perance organization. Again the list might be minister, formerly Jewish; considerably extended. Almost every man and woman who holds an official position within the "Detroit's Challenge to the Churches," by the director membership also holds some official position in of the Church Extension Board, given before the the agencies which minister to Detroit's need, and Sunday morning congregation. many other men and women in the membership, holding no special responsibility within the parish, In the yearly program of activities there are are giving hours of their time each week to some many carefully planned service projects. The var- outside service. ious groups within the parish are brought into contact with the city needs and institutions. Some Two decades ago a distinguished English samples of this in recent weeks are listed. preacher who exercised a remarkable ministry on New York's Fifth Avenue is reported to have said The Married People's Class visited the Florence that one of his major problems was that he did Crittenton Home on a Sunday afternoon; not have sufficient tasks to offer to his people. That can only be true if the tasks are limited to The Women's Association visited a Community the local church organization. After all, there are House in an underprivileged district directed only a limited number of services within the local by our denomination; church, and the larger the parish the less is the proportion who can serve. But outside the church, A Professional Women's Club sponsored a Sun- particularly if that church be in or near a city, day night story hour at a Protestant Chil- there is no limit upon the opportunity for service. dren's Home; The mission Sunday Schools, the hospital boards, the settlement houses, the Y. W. C. A., and the Sunday School classes visited Negro churches, Y: M. C. A.-there is almost no end to the open- hospitals, old peoples' homes, settlements, ings. Heroic workers among the underprivileged bringing toys, clothing, etc. are sighing for the active personal assistance of the men and women of the churches. Let it be The list could be made much longer. Through- understood that every church member is expected out the year numerous organized trips take place. to serve his fellows by attaching himself to some The effort is made to give every member of the agency which ministers to human need. church a chance to become acquainted with the needy phases of Detroit's life and to appreciate The Offering in Money the methods by which the Christian forces are meeting those needs. It is safe to claim that no The question of the financial responsibility of adult member of the parish has any excuse for the suburban church is left to the last. That is pleading ignorance of the open sores of civiliza- where it belongs. First must come the proclamation in the city so close at hand. tion of the Christian message and the obligation to shoulder the responsibility. Then must come The Offering in Personnel the education in vivid terms of the proportions of the responsibility. Then must come the actual When such a Gospel is proclaimed, and when working amid the need. Then, last of all and with such an inter-related program of education is af- this careful preparation, is the' basis laid which forded, it is to be expected that earnest-minded makes the financial appeal compelling. Convicand devoted men and women within the church tion, education, participation, giving-those are membership will offer themselves for service and the four steps in the full rich contact between the accept positions of responsibility in those religious suburban church and the city. And the methods and philanthropic organizations which minister by which the money will be collected will be nudirectly to the needs of the city. A trustee and merous. Who can chart them? In the local treasurer of our church is the active head and church there is the official treasurer of benevoldirector of the Detroit Community Fund under ences. There are the gifts from Sunday School which some eighty agencies minister to the life classes and other groups. There are the appeals of the city, many of them under Christian aus- from the agencies outside the church. There is pices. The president of the trustees is also presi- the Community Fund through which most givers dent of a leading hospital board, and a former in these days prefer to donate their largest subpresident of the trustees is president of another scriptions. In addition, there are the ,anonymous hospital board. The teacher of a woman's class offerings which keep coming in, the private exin our Sunday School is president of the Detroit pressions of an earnest generosity which the giver Y. W. C. A. The president of our Women's Asso- would reveal only to God. Who can measure all ciation is also president of Detroit's Women's City of these? After all, it is not the method, but the Club and a former president of our Association motive behind it, which counts. is president of Detroit's Colony Club. A woman member of the church is president of Detroit's Protestant Children's Home. Another member is treasurer of the same institution. Still another member is president of the Allied Youth, a tem-

It would be quite impossible, even if it were de- of the evicted family into their new home. After sirable, to reckon up the giving in money to the that he slipped away without even stopping to tell needs of Detroit by the members of this parish. his name. Adding together amounts that are known, through the church treasurers, through the Detroit Com- Just as there is courage and practical kindness munity Fund and through other channels, it would so, too, there is happiness and love. But the handequal several times the budget of the local church. icaps are too great-the blight and misery and In all probability it should be much greater than waste of life are tragic. it is. There are few among us who really give away money to the point where it means personal The people whom you have met in the foregodeprivation. Let us be grateful for the number, ing pages are not creatures of the imaginationfound among rich and moderately circumstanced they are actual human beings. In some instances and poor, who really give to the point of sacrifice the details of their stories have been somewhat and set the standard for the rest of us. altered. In no instance has a story been exagger- ated. And they are not all dwellers in one city. This is a brief report of what one suburban Moreover, their counterparts may be found in any church is attempting to accomplish in the direc- one of the 6'06 communities in the United States tion of the great city on the border of which it having a population of 1'0,'0'0'0 or more-part of an stands. Undoubtedly other suburban churches are aggregate population of more than 64,'0'0'0,'0'00. doing more. Some suburban churches, because of limitations beyond their control, are not able to Has not every city its lonely aged, its physicaldo as much. The point is that every suburban ly, socially, and economically handicapped, its negchurch must do what it can. The order and lected and delinquent children? Are there not in method of procedure, as it has been found fruitful nearly every city one or more groups which suffer in at least one such church, has been pointed out. from prejudice and discrimination? It has been The Christian Gospel, wide, deep and high, in its said that "every American community has its New Testament power and glory, for every aspect slums or substandard area." And every city has of human need; the carefully planned, educational its impoverished families whose income is less connection between the agencies of the church and than the amount necessary for the maintenance of the agencies of the city; the going forth of con- healthy life. secrated men and women within the church to minister where they are needed, offering their These then are neighbors to us all! varied talents to the varied opportunities; and lastly, and as a natural result, the giving of money MARK A. DAWBER. to support the good causes. Surely this is what any suburban church can do for any city. What we Christians have to give is Christ and NEIGHBORS IN THE SLUMS what we have to tell to this urban world is the It is well to remember that there is probably story of Christ. We want to give to the present more courage to the square foot in the slums than on the avenues. And there is abounding kind- world once again the teaching of Christ. One of ness among the poor. Dickens said, "What the poor mean to the poor only God and the poor the reasons why some of the strong and powerful know." people in our big or little communities have been I remember a man who, coming home after a fruitless quest for work, found an unknown neigh- so hesitant with respect to what their duties are bor's goods upon the sidewalk. The evicted family were just sitting there, dejected and helpless. in a modern world, with its constantly demanding The returning job seeker took the situation in at a glance, rolled a barrel to the middle of the side- social changes, is that they have not paid adequate walk, placed a pan upon it, and appealed to everyone who came along the street. When money attention to the teaching of Jesus Christ. The enough had been secured he searched the neighberhood until he found an available fiat, paid a most sure approach we have to make to the people month's rent in advance, and then recruited a gang of men who moved the household possessions in our churches, when we wish to impress upon them the real significance of what is called the social gospel, is what Jesus himself taught. We begin with the assumption that when the Lord Jesus spoke He knew that He was speaking with authority. We are having to begin to present that argument all over again. I heard one person, who was engaged in the marvelous task of religious education, teaching the Christian religion to chil- dren and young people; one of the first things he told them was that they "should not assume that what Jesus said was right," but that they must hear Him critically. It is a help to me to know that Jesus was right, that He really spoke with authority. J. V. MOLDENHAWER.

MONEY IS MYSELF – IS IT MINE? * How can we raise a generation of men and women who will understand the truth about the stewardship of money? Here is a financial creed for Christians who wish to be good stew- ards: 1. Money is not "filthy lucre"; it is not the "devil's coin"; it is stored-up power. Money is much more than a standard medium of exchange. Money represents coined manhood. The five or ten dollars or more paid me for a day's work represents so much toil of my hand and brain. Through money I can also employ men to toil for me. Thus it sets me free from the limits of place so that I can heal the sick in China, or teach the children of India, or light up the dark places of Africa.

2. My money is mine only in trust; it belongs to God, sinc~I myself belong to Him. He created me, and created wealth. Christ redeemed me-purchased me with His own life- blood.

3. God is expecting me to use this money-this stored-up power-to build His churches and preach His gospel, to train His workers and send them out to teach and heal, and to save His children and help establish His rule of righteousness and brotherhood and peace.

4. To use my income aright so as to please God is one of my first responsibilities as a Chris- tian. Until I make up my mind to do this, my prayers and confessions and claims will be like saying "Lord, Lord," while not doing the will of my Father.

5. God tells me to set aside a definite proportion of my income for His work. By this I acknowledge my debt to God and His sovereignty over all my possessions. By acting on this principle, I also guard against selfishness. Giving away money on impulse and without prayer and regularity is not in harmony with the importance of God's work.

6. The proportion of my income set aside for God's purposes should be not less than one- tenth and may be much more, according to the standard given in the Old Testament. I am re- ceiving far more from God than did the ancient Hebrews or the men of any former generation, and God expects me to give not less than one-tenth and more if I am able, for my debt is great and the need is great.

7. I should seek to use money for God as carefully as I use my resources in my ordinary business. I should study the needs of the Church and the world-wide work of Christ so that I will give wisely. If I give systematically and pray with my giving, God will multiply my gift and bless the results.

8. But money is not only a means of service, it may also be a dangerous weapon. It com- mands so many things that men often forget the real values which it can never purchase: the riches of righteousness, love, happiness, a clear conscience and fellowship with God. Three rich men stand forth in prominence in the Gospel pages. One was a fool who bartered his soul for barns and acres; one was a man hard of heart and blind, who saw neither God nor his beggar brother at his door. The third lacked the courage to leave his wealth and choose the higher good by following Jesus.

9. Money spells opportunity. Today, when money offers men so many chances for self- indulgence, it also brings great opportunities for loving service. Never were doors, at home and abroad, so wide open and so appealing. Never were the forces for education and evan- gelism and Christian service so well organized. Never were there so many men and women waiting to be put into service through the use of money.

10. Money also spells obligation. Not only are the Church and Jesus Christ saying this, but the State is saying it, and so are conscience and common sense. Christian faith and loyal- ty are not shown by those who leave large gifts to heirs who have not earned it, who do not need it, and who cannot be trusted to administer it wisely. But the greatest responsibility is not in leaving money behind when we can no longer use it; the greatest obligation is in the use if it while we live. What a tremendous obligation rests upon the man who has been entrusted with wealth or the ability to get wealth. The war against poverty and suffering and igno- rance and sin is with us all the time; money is one great weapon against these, when entrust- ed to wise heads and loving hearts. It is a powerful means by which my life may be given to God and made more fruitful and beneficial to mankind.

• Adapted from the United Ohurch Reoord.

Ways of

'fested Met1wds for Increasing Interest at Home EDITED BY MRS. ESTELLA S. AITCHISON, GRANVILLE, OHIO NEW HOME MISSION women will have a part in writing the reading up on the subject will BUILDING MATERIAL programs for the eleven meetings of convince you of its significance the year. .. . Mrs. Dan Brummitt, and its possibilities. Program The Department Editor is national vice-president, will plan the handicapped, as always at this lessons and point out "The Skyline of builders will be interested in the City." Bridges in History and Legend, time of the year, by the fact that "Widening Horizons" will be a two- by W. J. and S. R. Watson, a book brimful of poems, stories, the program builders to whom months' study of the fields and projshe usually turns for "Effective quotations, etc. Ask for it at Ways of Working" have not yet ects of the women's missionary enter- your public library." (Suggested prise of the M. E. Church:. this 'U!i~l include both home and !oretgn actwt- had opportunity to familiarize ties. for reference only.) themselves with the new study "New Horizons in Christian Relabooks and incorporate them into "The function of bridges may workable plans in time for the tiohs" will be a two-months' study of be described as the starting of a June issue, copy for which must the missionary work of the women of stream of human traffic hitherto be sent weeks in advance of pub- the M. E. Church South and the Meth- impossible; the surmounting of lication. Some of the denomina- odist Protestant Church. This is to a barrier, the linking up of two tional magazines ann 0 u n c e give understanding and preparation worlds divided by a gulf." (Enfrankly that "While information for future relationships with all the cyclopredia. ) as to themes and titles of text- women of United Methodism. books can be furnished, the "There can be little doubt that study courses cannot be ready An Achievements Poster upon which in many ways the story of bridge earlier than June." Hence it goals accomplished may be marked building is the story of civilizawill be necessary to supplement will again be included in the study tion." (Franklin D. Roosevelt.) 'our material on the Home Mis- course. sion topic, "The City," with Most of these programs verify other timeless plans which can Bridges the theme in that they disregard be adapted to any program pres- the invidious distinction between entation, and await the harvest This has been chosen for the the "home" and the "foreign" from summer conferences for theme of the women of the sections of the world-field and more specific outlines. Northern Baptist Convention present a blended and unified for 1938-39. It is a particularly theme. Much abbreviated, they "Forward Looking Plans" fertile and adaptable one. run as follows: Under this title Woman's The builder who first bridged Ni- THE INTER-BOROUGH BRIDGE Home Missions says: agara's gorge, The Bridge which Connects Our Before he swung his cable shore to City with God's City shore, "A Prayer for the City," from Sent out across the gulf his venturing kite Bearing a slender cord for unseen hands To grasp upon a farther cliff and draw The ,Forward Looking Committee A greater cord, and then a greater Prayers of the Social Awakenfelt that the task they faced this year yet; ing, by Rauschenbusch. was somewhat different from that of former committees. Naturally, they Till' at last across the chasm swung Ten-minute Talk, "The City" should be forward looking in offering The cable-then the mighty bridge in (its growth in the last decades, plans for the year's study in methods its importance in our civilization and achievement. They should also air. today. The sociology teacher in cultivate a spirit of readiness for new So we may send our little timid near-by high school or college adjustments that would help every would have material for rewoman to look farther in her own mis- thought sponse. See "City Man," chapsionary service and relationship than Across the void, out to God's reaching ters 1 and 2). she has ever done before. "New Horizons" therefore was the theme chosen hands, Ten-minute Talk, "What Our for the coming year. Send out our love and faith to thread Church Can Do for the City" (t h r 0 ugh establishing new Mrs. Merle English, secretary of the deep, churches, through the Christian Wesleyan Service Guild and a mem- Thought after thought until the little ber of the "Spiritual Life Committee cord Has greatened to a chain no chance can break, And-we are anchored to the Infinite!

EDWIN MARKHAM.

will write the devotional book, "New "If on first thought 'Bridges' Center, by helping our bilingual Horizons in Worship." Conference women, missionaries, seems an unusual theme for mis- neighborhood church. If you sionary programs, even a hasty live in a city secure a map and national officers and local auxiliary [301 ]

locate the projects of its city means the professors as well. every woman into the church, in mission work). Education must be evangelized." friendship, getting our neigh- Ten-minute devotional. (The Bible begins in a garden but (E. Stanley Jones.) bors, in evangelism, getting the soon drives man out. It then tells about cities. It ends with Panel Discussion: Why Is strength of united effort in orthe City of God coming down out of heaven. Gen. 1: 1-5, 27-31. Education a Legitimate Interest ganized missionary work, to get Amos 5: 4-24. Rev. 2'1: 1-7. Pray that our cities may become of a MissionarySociety? (Choose power for all in Jesus Christ God's cities.) at least five intelligent persons (the devotional). THE PEACE BRIDGE seated around a table discussing ON THE BRIDGE The Bible in Many Languages this question. They might con- Missionaries, reaching the sider (1) need of trained work- This program is on the responpeople, had to become the philologists and translators of the ers in local churches, (2) train- sibility of each individual for world, in order to supply the Bible. Thus they built the lexi- ing of future lay readers in our Christian Citizenship. It lends cons and grammars and translated the Bible into over 100 lan- home mission fields, (3) need of itself especially well to another guages in Africa and more than a score in India-more than 600 trained native leaders in the for-'" consideration of "The City." A living languages the world over today. Thus they surmounted eign field, (4) our contribution round table discussion on "The the lingual barriers and built bridges of intercommunication as (insert name of the denomina- Needs of Your Community" is and possible understanding. tion) to denominational schools suggested, with sub-topics as Through the printed word, inclusive of magazines and papers, in America, our educational follows: we are helping to build the foundations for Christian literature work abroad, to union Christian (1) The Temperance Advocatein lands where reading will be colleges. Other suggestions are What is being done in temperance one of the chief methods of edu- (1) a reception to the graduates education, the number of local places cation. Acts 2: 5-12. Psalm 19: 1-4. Dan. 7: 13, 14. in the local church, (2) presenta- dispensing liquor, etc. t I·On f the work f th e IocaI st u- Ar(e2)thTehekinMd ootifonpicPtiucrteusreshSowcnouitn- Five-minute talks on (a) the your community the kind you want American Indian Bible, (b) the 0 0 young people to see? etc. Spanish Bible, (c) the Burmese Bible, (d) Bible translations into dent counsellor, (3) arousing the language of India. interest in some near-by denom- Review the work of the Com- inational college.) (3) The Reporter on Gamblingmittee on Christian Literature Closing prayer for youth What is being done to obliterate it for Women and Children in Mission Fields, as this is the project around the world. This program locally? for the World Day of Prayer. Iends 1·tseIf to theCl·ty t heme. you(4r ) grTohuep, Pyeoaucer cPormompaugnaitnyd,istta-kinIgs In advance, ask the member- THE SILVER BRIDGE part in the study of international reship to bring Bibles in other lan- This is a meeting for exhibi- lations? In the Peace Movement? guages. tion of White Cross gifts (for mission hospital work) , and (5) The Member of the League of THE BRIDGE IN BUILDING Women Voters-The voter's obliga- tion in community and national af- Our Students suggests that they be arranged fairs. "The Christian Church must set· its own house in order and as for a shower, with ribbon tied THE OLD COVERED BRIDGE get ready for the greatest crisis to each hidden gift. Give each in history. . . . It must win the Village Work in India students. The students have member a ribbon and let her changed. Never have they been hunt for the "shower gift." On With masses of India crossing more open and responsive than each gift has been fastened a tag the bridge from ignorance and now to a message that is sincere, containing a fact or two about superstition to new life, the topic real and adequate. . We must the missionary for whom it is in- symbolizes the old ways giving launch a" nation-wide movement tended, the tags to be taken home place to the new. to win the high school, the college, the university students to as souvenirs. When all packages 1. Describe life in villages of India. have been found, group them ac- 2. Review work of our Christian centhe Christian Way. And this cording to their destination ready for presentation by the ters in that country. president to the guests of honor 3. Ten-minute discussion of the values (impersonated by members of of Christian centers in rural com- the society), each such "guest" munities. responding with an account of 4. Moving picture or stereoptic·on lec- her work and the joy the gifts ture on "Village Life in India." 5. Base devotionals on the villages in which Christ lived and worked.

will bring. A summer Christ- THE TOWER BRIDGE mas tree or an umbrella ar- ranged like a tree with gifts tied The Ministry of Healing a Tower on may be substituted. of Strength to All Nations Prayer that the gifts may Arrange program specific to bridge the distance and carry the medical mission work of the love of Jesus to those receiv- your denominaton, having "A ing the articles. Consultation of Doctors in In- dia," contrasting hospital work THE SWING BRIDGE used by missionary pioneers and ours today, impersonating actual HTo-geth-er-to-get-her"

This may consist of five-min- medical missionaries nQW Qn ute talks in regard to getting their felds.. etc.

EFFECTIVE WAYS OF WORKING

THE FOOT BRIDGE books, to be hunted for and read "I also knew a Methodist; He couldn't sing, he said. It Connects Our Neighbor's when all are found. He'd holler 'glory' loud enough, Home with Ours The missions end of the en- To almost raise the dead. "Seeing You r Neighbor," velope tells the story of life But as to his apportionment, "Loving Your Neighbor," "The Neighbor's Response," might be abundant or its lack. Though his barns were waxtopics under which to consider Stewardship ought not to be ing fat, this theme, the last being by women in the old-world costume thought of primarily in terms of His s h 0 uti n g wasn't loud and the new. enough possessions. Neither can it be thought of apart from posses- To ever help raise that!

sions. Charity that begins at home, THE TOLL BRIDGE and stays. at home, dies of close "God bends from heaven above confinement. . A Visualization.of the Budget and says: MARION LAWRANCE. 'I gave thee the gift of Life; On a map of the world mark *** Art thou not blessed in many your location and church, then William Allen White, in mak- ways?

from this take bright ribbons to ing a magnificent gift to human- Are my heaven and earth at the countries in which your home ity, said that there are three strife?

and foreign missionaries are la- kicks in every dollars: one kick I gave thee of my seed to sow; boring, giving number of mis- when you earn it; one when you Bring thou Me thy hundredsionaries in each country, the save it; and one when you give fold.' high lights of their work, etc., it away. *** Can I look up with face aglow closing with a meditation on And answer, 'Father, here is "Are We Faithful Stewards." Give more if you would have gold?' " Opening of gift boxes. more, Spend less and you will want *** THE INVISIBLE BRIDGE Time: A recent Sunday morn- less, "Christ – the Invisible Bridge Keep all and you will lose all. ing. Place: A near-by drug store. that Leads from Earth MAE ROTHROCK. Customer: "Give me change for a dime, please." to Heaven" *** Clerk: "Certainly, and I hope Reading of Longfellow's poem One of the biggest and short- you enjoy the sermon!" on "Follow Me." est sermons ever preached was *** Solo, "Were You There When that by Dean Swift on an occa- They Crucified My Lord ?" sion when a special appeal was Dramatization-"The Proces- being made for funds. The The Miser: sion of the Ages," covering wom- Bishop of London had been in- "Pity that poor old man whose en of Christ's day, saints of the vited to give the sermon of the golden store, middle ages, frontier women, occasion, but when he failed to If stacked, were high as foreign-speaking neighbors in appear, Dean Swift was called yonder minaret; America today, women of other upon. He mounted the pulpit Yea, pity him; he covets lands, women of the Church to- and said, "My text is, 'He that more and moreday, etc. (This is to be secured giveth to the poor lendeth to the His soul has never had a from Baptist state promotion Lord.' Those who believe in the birthday yet." offices, but could readily be im- security, down with the cash!" *** -From "The Window of provised as desired by those out- Y. W. A."

side the denomination.) "We can do more than we've The Secret of Power The suggestion is made that ever done, this meeting be held in the form And not feel a whit the The secret of Christianity is of a Spring Breakfast, asking worse; that you can have Power if you women to respond briefly to the Loving never emptied a heart, are willing to accept Jesus Christ topics of Love, Joy, Peace, Go- Nor did giving empty a as a Lord and yield the absolute ing, Coming, Getting, the last purse." allegiance to him. Do you think talk being on "Christ." Each *** St. Francis or Luther or Carey woman lights a candle in a "Once I knew a Baptist; or Wesley did what they did in seven-branched candlestick as He had a pious look, their own power? These men she finishes, the central candle He had been wholly im- were certain that they did not. representing Christ. mersed- And so were Moody and Philips Sayings on the Subject Except his pocketbook. Brooks. So in fact are all those of Giving He'd put a nickel on the plate who really produce abiding re- And then with might and sults. One and all, they say, "It Arrange the s e attractively main is God who worketh in us." And and let members of the circle He'd sing, 'When we asunder God will work in you if you de- read them. They may be in a part sire to have him.

basket, on flowers, or hidden in It gives us inward pain.' ROBERT W. SEARLE.

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BULLETIN Council of Women for Home Missions EDITED BY MISS EDITH E. LOWRY, 297 FOURTH AVENUE, Nmv YORK, N. Y.

——-~·-.–I~ THE CITY AND OLD face the inevitable and do all in ting acquainted. The Indian our power to help in the adjust-" school and the missionaries could AMERICANS ments which must be made. help by letting city churches know where their people "go There is much discussion re- Although the majority of the garding "minority g r 0 ups." into town" to live; then be will- Who are they? A Mashpee Indian young men and women ing to go nine-tenths of the way. (American) ,Indian boy on Cape from the schools return to their The Indians are reserved and Cod was refused work recently home communities or take posibecause he was an alien. An fear they are not wanted. Give Oneida woman in Milwaukee tions in the government service them a place in the church and was asked how long it was since there are many who are seeking a share in its work. Do not treat her people came to this country. education, professional or busi- them as novelties. They make She answered, "several years"; ness training or work in the not wishing, she told me, to em- true and loyal friends and it is barrass those kind white ladies towns and cities near or far worth much effort to secure this by telling them who she really from the reservations. In some loyalty and friendship for our- s tat e s, Oklahoma especially, selves and our churches. was! many Indian families live in the "But how do they happen to As proof of what can be done towns which have grown up on we can look at the clubs of Inbe in the cities?" is a question their former reservations. They dian girls in City Y. W. C. A.'s. often asked. And the next one are at home and yet are pracis, "Are there any in my town?" The oldest club in the Oakland, For many years some of us have tically strangers in these new California, Association is the had countless opportunities of communities. Children are en- Four Winds Club. Reno, Neintroducing our friends to the tering into all phases of public aliens among whom they as a vada, has two clubs, the newest minority group have come to school life but few of them have one for the Indian girls in public find work and to live in the found their pIa c e in the school. The Los Angeles Club is strange new world which has churches. grown up on old camp grounds perhaps the oldest. It was where the deer and the buffalo Studies of various kinds and around 25 years ago that Cynare no more. Why do they come? in various cities have been made thia Big Tree was president. regarding their Indian citizens Years ago I asked Miss Julia Her husband posed for the Lathrop what we could do to and transient dwellers. The statue, "The End of the Trail," keep Indian young people from most complete is that made by but as he had short hair, Cynthia going to the cities. "Nothing," Mr. G. E. E. Lindquist, of the posed for the long braids. They she answered quickly, "Why Society for the Propagation of should they differ from any were beautiful as she presided at young people in feeling the lure the Gospel, of Oklahoma City, the club meetings. Syracuse, of the city?" This was even be- with the cooperation of the Min- New York, has the most eastern fore the movies were as wide- isterial Alliance, the Y. M. C. A., spread as they are now, with of these clubs, which are to be their pictures of the wealth and the Y. W. C. A., and the Indian found in many cities east, west, wonders of the city, and before Service Employment officers. It north and south. Then there drouth and dust bowls and grass- is impossible to give even a sum- are the cities in which the Inhoppers were driving all before mary of the report in this arthem. dian girls have become so much ticle, but it shows that other a part of the community and the Miss Lathrop did not mean cities should be studied in the Association that they join clubs that we should not make every same manner, and ways opened effort to keep Indian Youth from and classes with girls of all races the economic struggle to which by which the churches can serve and no longer feel happier in they were wholly unaccustomed, this group. It was found that segregating themselves. but she did mean that we must the majority of the Indians in Oklahoma City were members of This transition from segrega- the Mission churches at their tion to complete friendliness homes-the very missions prob- with all, is taking place in the ably to which these city churches public schools and should con- were contributing. tinue and increase. But most of What can be done about it? all it should be encouraged and First, look about you-a scien- fostered in our town and city tific study or just a friendly get- churches. There are few reser- [304 ]

BULLETIN: COUNCIL OF WOMEN FOR HOME MISSIONS

vations left; the number of "full and an appeal from an American opposite a great school center. blood" Indians will continue to citizen brought action. Then, I Disquieting rumors of events godecrease. They are fellow citi- ing on in the school were conzens, fellow Christians with all found that the property was stantly brought to the men and our church people. Let us do owned by one of the large women of the community. Peoour part in making them feel ple spoke of the high school and that all are one in Christ. schools in the East-a Christian shook their heads. Some of the college which sounds a fine mes- leading officers of the church Prepared by Miss Edith M. Dabb, member sage of social reform; I found, sent their boys away to acadof the Committee on Indian Work of the too, that this was one of the emies. But what about poorer Home Missions Council and the Council of school's investments which had families who could not afford W'omen for Home Missions. never paid. There are other private schools? Had the' church any obligation for these chil- Making Your City God's City problems in connection with bet- dren? In our country with its ter housing. Recently elaborate separation of church and state, Did you ever think what housing programs in many cities has the church performed its your city would be like if it were have replaced slums with large full duty to the school by its God's City? Sunday services in the commu- spacious buildings, but have they nity? John, the Apostle, had such a ministered to the need of poor vision on a Sunday afternoon people, or made a little more God's city will be a city of long ago-a vision not alone of comfort for families of the mid- neighborliness. Many an urban his city but of all the world. dle class? Is Italy making more dweller of today might ask the "The kingdoms of this world are progress in housing than Amer- age-old question of the lawyerbecome the kingdoms of our "and who is my neighbor?" I Lord and of his Christ, and he ica? What must your city do to live in a community of 5,000 peoshall reign forever and forever." house its people in a way com- ple, housed in two blocks. After It was a distraught world that six months there, I am ac- John faced. His own city, mensurate with abundant liv- quainted with only two of the Ephesus, was rich and beautiful. ing? 5,000 people, and I have met It contained one of the greatest them in connections outside the libraries in the world and a uni- If your city is to be God's city, community. In earlier days oldversity which was a famed cen- it must have every provision to fashioned neighborliness solved ter of Greek culture. But John many relief and health problems. knew also of the distressing need make sick people well and to Are our substitutes today as efof its poor people, of the many keep well people from getting fectual? youth in that city who had no sick. What wonderful things opportunity for abundant life. God's city will be a city of Was he thinking of his city on philanthropists and doctors have that Sunday afternoon when in done for the poor of our genera- w 0 r s hip. We do not lack a vision he saw "The new Jeru- tion! What fine laws we have salem, coming down from God, to help maintain health! But churches in our cities.. If you out of heaven, made ready as a even yet the middle-class man bride adorned for her husband" ; who cannot lay claim to a free will look out of the window as and when he heard voices say- hospital bed must spend in a ing, "The tabernacle of God is few months of illness the earn- you ride along on the train, you with men, and he shall dwell ings of a lifetime-his security with them and they shall be his will be surprised how often on peoples"? Have you, a Chris- for old age. tian of today, any such vision of the skyline, the steeple or the your city becoming God's city? God's city must be a place of economic justice. First Avenue, tower of a church may be seen. In God's city abundant life must be possible for everyone. with its lines of miserable tene- Exquisite in architecture are Can that be true in the housing ments leans heavily against the the churches in our cities. But conditions of your city? "You beautiful modern buildings of what proportion of the people in can kill a man as easily with a the city attend those churches on house as with a pistol, only the Second Avenue. anyone Sunday? How far does process is longer and more pain- There are other forms· of jus- the influence of the Master reach ful," someone has said. A few outside the walls of those years ago, in calling among some tice in the city of God: political churches to the children playing Italian friends, I found them liv- justice, legal justice. Does your on the streets, to the brokening in a tenement the sanitary hearted or distraught cooped up condition of which was so un- city boast of these? What a in apartments near by? It is wholesome that it was affecting dream Israel had when the peo- not more churches or more beauthe health of all the families liv- ple believed that their God might tiful buildi~gs that we need, for ing there. Intensely disturbed be their king, and that their worship, but more of the spirit by the dreadful condition, I ap- prophet who guided their actions of the Christ. "And I, if I be pealed to the Board of Health, on earth might be God's repre- lifted up, will draw all men unto me." How can you make your sentative. Will we ever have city God's city? political justice until some of that conception comes to Amer- Prepared by Miss Alice W . .s. Brimson, ican cities? member of the Executive Committee of the If your city is to be God's city, Council of Women for Home Missions.

it will be a community where education is carried on in a way to lead young lives into rich, in- telligent social living. In a cer- tain city, a large church was just

r OUJM!n?:~~;sp';!~:cu5?t~~Ok

~~~J~.I~,===============–==E=D=IT=E=D=B=Y==M=R=S'=H==EN=R=I=ET=T=A=H=='_F=ER=G=U=S=ON_,_X==EN=I=A_,_O=H=IO==================~ AFRICA when the waiting room is full at an end by the Italian conquest, Medical Work in Morocco 7: 30 in the morning. a party of the workers were Conquest by Healing tells the "Each morning w hen the '. able to take up their quarters story of the beginnings of med- women have gathered we have a in Khartoum with a view to ical work for women and chil- short service of prayer, gospel starting fresh work in an entire- dren in Fez. In 1888, Miss teaching and hymn-singing. The ly new field on the Ethiopian women generally listen well; we border, in the Anglo-Egyptian Emma Herdman, of the North know that some of them come Sudan.

Africa Mission came to Fez to only to hear the teaching, and A considerable delay has oc- start work. There were no make the need of medicine an curred before any effective work roads, 0 n I y cam e I or mule excuse for coming. After this can be done, but now, after the little service we take about twen- necessary negotiations h a v e tracks; no inns or hotels. Trav- ty-five women into the dispen- been concluded, permission has elers were obliged to car r y sary and attend to their ail- been given by the Sudan Gov- ments. Teaching and hymn-sing- ernment for a station to be everything they required. Miss ing goes on in the waiting room opened in the Maban tribe, at a Herdman and her two compan- with those who are left behind place called Boin. The area ions had to consent to being accompanied by a Moorish soldier, till the first lot have passed out north of this is dominated by as a sign of authority for the by a second door. There are not Mohammedanism, and permis- great results to be seen from all sion has not been given to beundertaking. He was so old and this fifty years' work; but we gin work there. Permission is infirm that the ladies had to believe that the old Indian Mo- being sought to open a mission help him mount his horse, but hammedan was right when he for the K 0 mat rib e. The said, 'In the Day of Resurrec- Maban and Koma people have he served as notice to all they might meet that they were un- tion many Christians will arise much in common. They are pader protection of the government. from Moslem graves.' " gan, wholly uninfluenced by Mo- When they arrived in Fez, Unusual Methods hammedanism. they found that no one would The difficulties that have to be rent them a house, so they had to put up with a caravanserai. Here is the way one foreign overcome are the cost of maih- Later, the Sultan let it he known missionary in Africa obtains a taining a base so far from civithat anyone who wished to rent hearing for the Gospel message. lization, the hardships of travel, them a house had nothing to fear the home building problem and from the government. S 0 0 n The natives were timid, and not learning the unwritten lanafter that Miss Herdman and easily approached, so when mis- guages.-The Christian. her fellow workers opened a dis- sionaries trek softly through the pensary, which is still going on. For several years, two days were jungle to a cluster of huts there Uganda After Sixty Years given to men; now, there is only is usually a quick exodus of the Women's Dispensary. Miss S. M. Denison has this to say women and children in panic at Prebendary W. Wilson Cash, of the work: sight of a white face. Cupping Secretary of the Church Mis- sionary Society, closed an evan- "There are now s eve r a I his hands over his mouth the gelistic mission in Uganda with French Government Dispensa- missionary shouts after them; a sermon in the great Namirries and two Hospitals for na- "Have you heard the goo d embe Cathedral, with over 2,000 tives in the city, but this has news?" Fern i n i n e curiosity reverent Africans pre sen t. not lessened the numbers of causes them to halt cautiously, Looking down from the pulpit those who come to us. We still and the speaker adds, "About have from 800 to 1,000 patients God's Son?" This has often he saw, in review, the work of each month. There would be proved to be the beginning of a sixty years of the Uganda Mismore if we could manage to at- new group of believers.-Alli- sion. Here are some of his imtend to a greater number; each ance Weekly. pressions: day people are turned away New Field of Work (1) Every tribe in Uganda was represented at the service, When the promising work of tribes that for hundreds of years the Sudan Interior Mission in had been incessantly at war. Ethiopia was rudely brought to (2) All the people present [306 ]

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

were free, men and women. man was referring to a solar great family, and cook their Forty chiefs had liberated every eclipse of a few years before. meals around the same fires. slave because they were fellow- This proved to be the case, and Often a patient comes with his Christians. he was greatly interested in the whole family, that he may have scientific explanation. The mis- company along the way. (3) Many in the congregation sionary then went on to say that had formerly been haunted by he had come to tell him of the At the larger hospitals are superstition, had tried to propi- true God, who made the sun, training schools for nurses, and tiate evil spirits by human sac- and the moon (which they call here the mission has an imporrifices; now they all worshiped the sun's wife); as well as the tant part to play. If a native God as revealed in Christ. stars, the world, trees and nurse has not been brought up rivers; the God who, in His under the influence of the mis- (4) This self-supporting and love, had given His Son for our sion and learned to know Jesus self-governing c h u r c h raises salvation. A young man who Christ, the chances are that he more than 9,000 pounds every had listened intently, said: "The will degenerate into a practitionyear for the maintenance and old men in this country would er, doing things not much differextension of its work. greatly rejoice if you would ex- ent from the old witch-doctors. plain this affair to them. It Christianity has indeed taken would be well for you to tell us -Congo Mission News. root in Uganda, and church about the true God." members are reaching out in all Greater Freedom in Angola directions to witness for Christ. Medicine in the Bush They have carried the Gospel His Excellency, the Governor not only to all parts of Uganda, Modern medicine in the Con- General of Angola, in reply to but members are serving as mis- go is being practiced along sev- an appeal by the missions for a sionaries in the Sudan, the Bel- eral lines. There are the hospi- ruling on the question of evangian Congo, the Pigmy Forest, tals in large centers, for the na- gelism, in which work they have in Ruanda and Urundi. Recent- tive as well as for the white been hindered by officials in ly, some men walked 300 miles population; the bush station certain parts of Angola, has sent to appeal for more missionaries. hospitals; the rural dispensa- the following communication: They were not thinking of white ries and the visits of doctors and men but of Africans as mission- sanitary agents in the villages. "Doubts have arisen as to aries for their fellow-Africans. whether foreign missionaries The large hospitals compare may do evangelistic work out- -C. M. S. Outlook. quite favorably with the average side of mission stations journey- hospital in Europe; and the ing through the native villages. When God Died rural dispensaries where native It is understood that as evangel- nurses are in charge might be ism is the way in which mis- R. V. Reynolds, a writer for compared with first-aid stations. sionaries propagate their reli- World Dominion, visited the The bush station hospital serves gion, they may, as many as are Marakwet tribe in Kenya, a as a sort of approach in reach- competent for such work, carry region which, so far as he knew, ing the native sick. These latter on such among natives in their had not previously been visited are usually in the charge of mis- settlements." by' any missionary. An old man sion doctors, and are carried on said to him: "I am very much as regular missionary w 0 r k; This permISSIOn does not puzzled over God's death." Al- and while the greater part of mea n that missionaries may most as much puzzled as the old the work is done for the natives, build, or own houses for evanman, Mr. Reynolds asked, "Did there is always a certain amount gelistic work in the villages. God really die?" "Oh, yes," was to be done for other mission- That would require special authe answer, "several seasons ago a r i e s, and occasionally for thorization. at the second hour of the day white traders. At these bush God became very ill and died." hospitals, the x-ray, special lab- -World Dominion Press. As he said this he indicated the oratory procedures, all the modtime by pointing where the sun ern mechanical appliances and Education of Women would be at eight o'clock in the sometimes even electric lights morning. He was then asked are in most cases things to be "Educate a man you educate whether God remained dead. desired, but not obtained. an individual, but educate a "No," said he, "after a while he woman and you educate a famgot better and came to life A bush hospital is a very ily." This axiom governs the again; but I am overcome to democratic p I ace. Here are Native Administration Commisknow about this affair. It is a gather.ed· people of many tribes sion in regard to the education bad thing when God dies; so and languages. Knowing that of women in South Africa. The many things go wrong. Locusts they may have to stay some time Commission urges a more thorcome, and famine." at the hospital, they bring with ough training of women teach- them things to work with, such ers, the establishment of more Remembering that this tribe as the making of mats, baskets, primary schools, the opening up has an undue reverence for the etc. They live together as one of secondary education to girls, sun, amounting almost to sun- the training of nurses and teachworship, it occurred to the mis- ers of domestic science; also, sionary that possibly the old the thorough teaching of domes- tic arts in all schools for girls.

However, the Commission turns tiniest village may have a place American missionary organizathe cold shoulder to the idea of of meeting. co-education, in spite of the suc- tions are at work there, the cess of the Church of Scotland Here is an extract from a let- largest single cultural and reli- School in Kikuyu. ter of one of Mr. Gale's con- gious investment being the Jeru- -South African Outlook. verts: salem Y. M. C. A.

The Malagasy Church "We think of the work of the The fact that the work in Gospel achieved here by our fa- Who Are the Alaouites? Madagascar continues to progress in spite of the fewness of ther. More than a hundred A sect of Islam, followers of European workers there indicates that the Malagasy have de- churches he has built in our Ali, are known as Alaouites. veloped considerably of late in the matter of self-control and land, and year by year each of They are illiterate, and under self-support. these churches beheld his face the bondage of powerful over- The 14th of August last was and heard ~rom his own lips the lords. From these people came the centenary of the death of Word of LIfe. W~er~ver. there . patients to the Kennedy Memo- Rasalama, the first Malagasy Christian martyr. The whole of was a human habItatIOn In the '> rial Hospital in Tripoli, and to the Malagasy Protestant Church remembered this great event in Marofotsy land.. even to the them went evangelists to follow the i r church history. About 40,000 people gathered on the smallest hut bUIlt of grass and up the contacts made in the hoss pot w her e Rasalama was speared to death, remembering leaves, the;re he stooped to.enter pital. Young women from the with gratitude her faith and all that it had meant to them; and that. he mIght lead our trIbe to Junior College tried for several at the same time proving that her death had not been in vain. ChrIst. He showed l?ve to the summers to raise the social level The task of the Malagasy most debased, and kIndness to of the women in a needy Alaou- Church is one of the first mag- those who ,oppose<l: the Gospel, ite village. Throughout the ennitude. A spirit of materialism and nationalism is affecting the that. he mIght brIng them to tire district colporteurs toured, life and outlook of the people, C~rIst. ~ar G,od se.nd us a man giving out portions of the Scripand additional w 0 r k e r s are WIth a spIrIt lIke ,hIS. M,ay the tures, and proclaiming Christ. greatly needed. work of redempb?n wh~ch he Pastors worked from two cen- be.gal!, be accomplIshed. I~ our ters, and later the British Syria Friends Service C.ounsel. trIbe. -World Domtnwn. Mission sent a nurse evangelist, Church Planting in WESTERN ASIA and a young convert from Islam. Madagascar Following all this seed-sowing, W. Kendall Gale after leading Hard Pressed Palestine the Presbyterian Mission has some of the Malagasy people, opened a new center in Massyaf, step by step, to a realization of Writing in the New York Sun a government center to which sin, and from that to a Saviour on "The Truth About Palestine," Alaouites come to transact their from sin, asks: "Would you like Mr. Phelps Adams says that business. Except for the family to have a church and learn more four opposing elements are in of the evangelist, not a single about God and this Jesus; to the unfortunate clash in the Christian lived in this town of know what is really sin that you Holy Land, One is the pressure 3,000. may not be wrong before Him, of 16,000,000 Jews seeking to and about the way of salvation make Palestine their national Within two months the evanand eternal life?" home; another, the 100,000,000 gelist had made amazingprog- Arabs who know that the coun- ress. He had gained the friend- An eager "Yes" is the usual try is too small to accommodate ship of the best people and of response, for these are strange all the oppressed Jews in the government officials. His wife things they have heard and they world today; the third, the had enlightened the women in wish to know more. Then out British Empire, which finds Pal- various phases of family welcomes a sheet of paper; every estine essential as a military fare. Already, there is marked name is taken down, with age base in the eastern Mediterra- improvement in behavior, cleanand name of village. French law nean and fourth, the expanding liness and a spirit of helpfulpermits worship in a hut, if ten Italian Empire. The situation ness. Here is pioneer evangeladult si2'natures are secured (or is complicated by the ambiguous ism that promises large returns. crosses in lieu of signatures). promises made to both Jews and Eighty signatures assures the -Syria News Quarterly. erection of a church, so that the Arabs. In return for Arab aid Christianity in Iran to the Allied cause, the British promised to recognize Arab in- Rev. H. H. Riggs, accompa- dependence; while to the Jews nied by representatives of the they promised to establish for Near East Christian Council, them a national home in Pales- the British and Foreign Bible tine. Thus the final fate of Pal- Society, World's Sunday School estine depends upon reconciling Association and some other or- these two promises, or the vic- ganizations, made a visit to the tory of one of these four oppos- missions of Iran, and has record- ing forces. ed some of their impressions.

About 10,000 Americans are First in importance was the living in Palestine, of whom unity of s p i r it noticeable 9,000 are American Jews. Eight throughout the country between

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

the missionaries and members There is ready sale for the Bible, good. Women from the four of the local c h u r-c he s; also and small groups of people are corners of India came to the among the different elements of meeting regularly to study it in latest session in Nagpur. The the Iranian Churches. An evi- many places. resolutions dealt with primary dence of this unity was seen in The Bishop of Iran gives a education, the main emphasis a communion service attended typical incident. being for free and compulsory by the group. The five elders "About two years ago nine education throughout the land, were an Assyrian, a Kurd, an people came to an important and that these primary schools American, an Armenian and a town and were accepted by the be open to both boys and girls Hebrew Christian. The same church council the r e as in- of every caste and religion. Res- spirit was seen in many of the quirers. Last autumn a colpor- olutions on soc i a I questions churches visited. In some of teur visited the place, to find formed another large group.

these the majority of the mem- about twenty men who all con- Subjects dealt wit h included bers of the church are converts fessed .to their faith in Christ. rural uplift, condition of women from non-Christian religions of They said that no one had been in jails, prohibition, d rug s, Iran, but in perfect fellowship out to visit them, and that they cruelty to animals, equal rights with them are others whose an- had not been able to get teach- for women, age of marriage and cestors have for centuries been ing; and so they had decided to many other things.

Christians. While in some places appoint one of themselves as a The conference stands square- differences of language have led leader, and to obtain a sp€cial ly for prohibition and for peace.

to separate churches, act u a I place, to which they could in- Here is a message from Nagpur union in some others and the co- vite new inquirers." for American women: "We are operation of all these different The newspaper Iran reports a convinced that increasing armaelements everywhere, are proof great advance in adult educa- ments of warfare by land, sea of the strength of the Christian tion. In June last there were and air, and the harnessing of movement in Iran. 1,597 classes and an enrolment the knowledge of science for the Another striking fact in the of 93,371. The Institute of purpose of destruction are not Preaching and Public Speaking going to bring peace to a strickchurch situation in Iran is an received 4'00 students. Primary en world. We feel that it is element of both strength and school enrolment also increased through the weapons of love weakness. Relatively few of the by 15,255, and that of middle alone that a new order can be churches have full-time ordained schools by 3,271. Teheran Uni- ushered in. Standing on the ministers; but the leadership of versity enrolled 1,549 students, the Church is nevertheless Iran- of whom 86 were girls. Boy threshold of another year we ian as to administration, and Scouts are popular and number dedicate ourselves to non-viomuch of the preaching is being 18,354. lence in thought, word and deed, and appeal to women throughout done by laymen who feel that the world to join hands with us, the responsibility rests upon INDIA, BURMA, SIAM for we are confident that this them. doctrine alone can quell the de- sire for possession, can save the The visitors were also im- All-India Women's Conference nations from racial jealousies pressed by the fact that while and communal strife, and pro- Thirteen years ago the Di- tect humanity from oppression some converts had been cast off rector of Public Instruction in and exploitation." by family and friends, for others Bengal called on the women of the acceptance of Christianity India to "tell us with one voice -World Call. had not necessitated a break of what they want, and keep on family ties; and few seemed to telling it until they get it." This Woman's Place question the right of any indi- challenge led to the formation of the All-India Women's Con- Woman's place is not in the vidual to choose the religion he ference, which has from its be- home in rural India; it is in the thought to be the true one.

Inquiring. Minds in Iran ginning concerned itself with field, to supplement the family education and social reform. income. In the rainy season Better roads, more rap i d Political activity is taboo. The when field work is impossible, transit, increasing number of Conference has been laughed at she has her only chance to break schools, a wider outlook through and called futile, but has accom- the monotony of her life by gosnewspapers and new freedom plished a great deal. No one can siping with her neighbors. "Cotfor women, all are having their estimate how much it has helped tag~ Industries" seemed to be influence in opening the minds to shape public opinion. the answer. A special fund proof Iranian villagers. With these There are now 118 branches vided by three rural missions changes has come a spirit of in- scattered over India. The an- paid for the training of a teachquiry, followed by a readiness nual meetings of these branches er and she in turn taught three to listen to the Gospel. Public have d eve lop e d leadership g i r I s what she herself had preaching is not permitted ex- among women, trained them in learned. Two of them, with a cept in the few villages where public speaking and in service. Bible woman, went to a near-by there is a church, but Iranian Women of all religions plan and village to teach the women some Christians may teach their faith. work together for the common simple crafts, while the third

stayed at home to teach her the depressed classes, and social that one of its number has been neighbors. At the end of the six reforms on many other lines. appointed as Chairman. He has weeks' experiment a number of long been recognized as an able women not only had tangible re- The thought of educated peo- and responsible statesman. His sults of their efforts in handi- ple is arrested, and centers for wife has also been honored by work, but passed a creditable the cultivation of deeper spir- being chosen President of the examination on the Gospel of ituality are multiplying. There All-India Christian Association. Mark, which had been taught are multitudes of followers who them as they sat weaving. The are reading the Bible and other -The Indian Witness. whole project turned out to be a Christian literature who do not "seven days wonder" to the com- call themselves Christian, but Industrial Project at Cossipors munity. who are influenced by His life and teaching. The India Industrial Mission -Presbyterian Board News. Beautiful churches, 0 f ten at Cossipors, which is training Century's Work for Girls somewhat adapted to Indian ar- chitecture, are r i sin g every- ~elf-supporting evangelists, has An ancient Ahmednagar prov- where. Many congregations are erb said: "A woman's wisdom seated on the floor in Indian sent out a traveling workshop should not extend beyond the style, and use Indian music and oven"; and an Indian gentleman Indian forms. Christian gather- wit h f 0 u r trained mechanic was heard to remark: "To teach ings are notable for order, cleana donkey is just as possible as to liness and attractiveness of ap- preachers. It undertakes to reteach a woman." The refuta- parel, especially notable among tion of this idea can be seen in the women. Many village wom- pair metal work, overhaul mathe 76 girls who have just en come to meetings with bright passed their examination at colored or clean white saris. The chinery, do general repairs in Ahmednagar Girls' High School, men and boys show commendaas well as in the happy homes ble care in their appearance and the line of cement, wood and presided over by girls trained in clothing. Followers of 0 the r India's Christian schools. The faiths, attracted by such gath- paint work. This is done during secret lies in the fact that conse- erings, are increasingly attencrated educators have passed on tive, respectful and approacha- the day. Evenings and Sundays to the women of India the story ble, undoubtedly impressed by of Christ's redeeming love, dur- the influence Christianity' is are devoted to evangelism. ing this School's hundred years' having upon the masses, and history in training several thou- seeking to know the reasons for A second-hand Ford van and sand Indian girls. it. The cumulative effect of a century or more of intensive trailer were fitted up with living -Dnyanodaya. evangelization is manifest to ob- servers who are able to look be- accommodations, tools and weld- Christianity's Growing low the surface. Influence ing p I ant. The preacher-me- Two Reforms Undertaken "One cannot travel widely chanics work on various repairs throughout India and Burma in The United Provinces Govthese days without being im- ernment is undertaking two spe- along the way, in order that pressed by the enormous sweep cial reforms w h i c h have the of Christianity in one way or support of all the better ele- they may be entirely self-sup· an 0 the r," says a Methodist ments of the country. A prohi- Board Secretary, who recently bition program is being worked porting. Excellent results are made a visit there. He found out, and is in the experimental strong, well-equipped central stage in a number of districts. reported. -So S. Times. churches, colleges, high schools, It should be noted that the liquor middle and primary schools, evil has not yet gained the hold Sangli Movable School theological and other training on the general population that it schools, hospitals, dispensaries, has in occidental countries. Having seen the Booker T. asylums for the treatment of Was hi n g ton "Agricultural leprosy and tuberculosis, centers The other proposed reform is School on Wheels" actually at for the reclamation of criminal the abolition of bribery among work in a small village, Dr. J. L. tribes. Christianity has been government officials. This vice the leading force in rural and has a very deep hold, and little Goheen was moved to secure a agricultural experimentation, in or no effort has heretofore been similar one for the Sangli In· village reconstruction, in special made either to create public dustrial and Agricultural School forms of work for women and sentiment against it or to pass with which he is connected; and children, in the production of laws to eradicate it. An Anti- this hope was realized in 1931. literature, in the attack on illit- Corruption Committee is to be It is not an exact duplicate of eracy, the relief and uplift of appointed, and the Christian Washington's School, but in the community rejoices in the fact main, the idea is the same. It has been fitted up so as to be of special use in the way of prac- tical teaching and demonstra· tion to the people of village In· dia, through the use of charts, posters and pictures on all kinds of subjects pertaining to village life. It carries samples of seeds of improved and tested varieties of field and garden crops and specimens of potatoes and sweet potatoes, groundnuts, wool, cot- ton, etc. There are books on ag- ricultural and similar subjects in Marathi and English as a ref· erence library, and there are simple and useful books on many subjects for sale. There is a medicine chest with much need·

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

ed remedies, a gramophone and limit the number admitted. The us. What our inherent powers a magic lantern and cinema total enrolment of the entire of endurance, philosophy and paprojector with small special elec- School was 328 at the close of tience have enabled us to do in tric generating unit. last year. Most of the appro- the past they will fortify us to priations from the Board went do in the present, as well as in The school will stop from 30 into scholarships for children the future." to 45 days in any given place, from out-villages, and sixty boys this depending on the size of the and girls w ere helped, who The Church and War Relief place and interest shown. otherwise would not have been able to attend school. Even with The National Christian Coun- -Indian Witness. this help, parents are required cil, representing sixteen Protes- to pay something toward the ex- tant denominations in China, has Medical Outposts penses. The chief problem is to been ever since the recent Sino- secure sufficient funds to main- Japan war began, a clearing- On the northwestern frontier, tain the kind of school that can house for information both in five hospitals guard as many successfully compete with the securing news from almost all mountain passes, and receive pa- government schools. parts of China and in forwardtients from countries which, for ing news. It has constantly rethe most part, do not acknowl- -Siam Outlook. ceived detailed information reedge Christ and where Chris- garding conditions in the war tianity may not be preached. CHINA area, such as has not come to any Most of these patients, if they other agency in China. It has embraced Christianity, would Spiritual Mobilization sifted this material and prepared meet death upon their return. for publication in the foreign Slowly but surely, medical treat- In an address made on March daily press in China as well as ment and the kind atmosphere 15, Madame Chiang Kai-shek in a considerable number of Chiof a Christian hospital are work- said spiritual mobilization is of nese church papers. ing changes. Suspicion is giv- the most vital consequence to ing way to friendliness, sullen- China, and announced a move- In addition to its work of pubness to smiles, until the patients ment to stimulate public interest lication, it has conducted a leave with a new outlook on life. and active participation in three weekly broadcast both in Eng- Sometimes patients are entirely major national requirements: lish and in Chinese since Sepchanged even in a week, and for the practical application of the tember 5, to support the morale such results these frontier mis- tenets of the New Life Move- of the Christian Church. When sion medical centers are worth ment; the continuance of reso- news of indiscriminate aeroplane while. lute and unfaltering resistance bombing b e cam e generally against the Japanese invaders, known, there was panic in many Chiengrai Christian School and the planning of realistic church centers, and these broad- measures for reconstruction and casts helped many Christian Definite progress has bee n rehabilitation in the vast areas groups to stay at their posts, made in improving the standing that have been deliberately laid especially when associated with of this School during the past waste by the Japanese. hospital and refugee work. year. The English and Bible departments have had the help of Here are a few extracts from Perhaps the one Christian ora teacher who spent five years her address: ganization in China with the in the Philippines preparing for greatest difficulties to face is the such leadership. It is difficult to "Our barbaric enemies have Y. M. C. A. This is because of include much religious teaching boasted that they intend to beat the hatred of the Japanese army during regular school hours, be- us to our knees and break our toward Chinese students. All cause of strict rules laid down spirit. We shall show these the big patriotic movements and by the government, but in the enemies, as we shall show our disturbances in China have been boarding department and the friends, that in the blood of our initiated by students. A large Christian Endeavor Soc i e t y fellow men and the ashes of our number of schools and universimuch of such teaching is worked burned homes has flowered a ties in the occupied areas have in. All the teachers are active new national spirit. suffered damage or complete dein the religious work of the com- struction, and several of the munity, and many of them help "We shall show them that the leading institutions have moved in the out-village churches on new China that was in the mak- far into the interior. Sunday. The School furnished ing, before war was invoked to the superintendent and several destroy it, is still marching on- Southern Methodists Lose teachers in the Sunday School, wiser, more patriotic, and un- Heavily officers of the King's Daughters a!raid. We Chinese, .in our long and Christian Endeavor leaders. hIstory, have survived great nat- Before the outbreak of hostili- Thus, the School might be called ural and political calamities; we ties last August, the Southern the backbone of the church in have triumphed over prolonged Methodist Episcopal Mis s ion Chiengrai. adversity, and we have carried maintained 60 churches, over 30 our culture and civilization and chapels, three large hospitals, There is also a kindergarten, our nat ion a I entity safely one un i ve r sit y, ten middle which has become so popular through the ages, no matter that it was found necessary to what nations rose or fell about

schools and more than 30 pri- that last year in two places the looked about for ways to cause mary schools in the populous Band left behind groups of from his houses and lands to be con- Shanghai – Nanking – Hangchow thirty to forty inquirers, and fiscated on the ground that he area. Today, as a result of Ja- this year in another place a had no legal right to them since pan's invasion, all but one of the group of some twenty-five. Of he became a Christian. A few churches, all but two of the edu- these a few already have been of the leading Buddhists in the cational institutions, and all baptized. Foster states that he country went so far as to say three hospitals, which had taken is particularly impressed by the that they would rather a whole 89 years, considerable sums of extensiveness and thoroughness village became Christian than money, and the enthusiasm of a of the Band's house-to-house vis- that one of his rank should re- large number of American mis- itation. Their presence has been nounce the faith of his father. sionaries and Chinese to build an inspiration. Still, this intelligent and cul- -The King's Business. tured young man with two years up, have been either completely destroyed or partially damaged Outlook in Tibet '>of Christian experience tells his by shell-fire and aerial bombs. fellow Christians that when he Material losses alone, accord- In spite of a relatively slow was suffering the intrigues and ing to a conservative estimate, rate of progress and many dis- persecution of his erstwhile relareach the figure of over $300,- appointments, the Superintend- tions and friends, his greatest 000. All enterprises, religious, ent of the Moravian Mission in support were the words of the medical and educational, under- Tibet reports that the outlook is text he had chosen: "Rej oice taken by the American Southern bright, and work among the in the Lord alway: and again I Methodists in this region are at Tibetans exceedingly w 0 r t h say rejoice." present at a standstill. It will while. One most encouraging -Moravian Missions.

take several decades to restore feature is the sense of responsithe losses sustained. JAPAN-CHOSEN bility that has developed in the organized churches, with their Thirteen Commandments "Spreading Light Mountain" ordained native ministers, evan- Japanese leaders, threatened The Biola Evangelistic Bands gelists and elders. by fascism and distressed by the are groups of from six to ten Tibetan evangelists are mani- continuance of the war which was expected to speedily reach a men, trained at Hunan Bible In- festing greater readiness for victorious end, have formed a stitute (which is the China self-sacrifice. Two have recently "Central Federation of General branch of Los Angeles Bible In- Spiritual Mobilization," and this stitute). Many have questioned left their homes to serve in has promulgated the following lonely places; one to open up thirteen "commandments": whether these bands are still at new work and the other to take work during the present strug- charge of a difficult field when 1. Every morning give prayers to gle. Dr. Frank A. Keller, of the missionary goes home on the Imperial Grand Shrine and pray Changsha, writes that five of for the safety of the Imperial Family. furlough. Another wishes to these bands are now at work in learn rock carving, so that he 2. Hoist the National Flag properly peace and safety. Small self- may carve wayside pulpits. At on holidays. supporting churches are being Leh, all the Christians from var- 3. Worship the deities and endeavor formed in districts where the ious stations assembled to con- for the harmony of the family. Gospel was unknown previously. fess their shortcomings, and to Band number 4 began work in pray for renewed spiritual life. 4. Live on a budget, pay cash, save October from Liu Kuang Ling regularly, and buy National bonds. -The Indian Witness. 5. Wear simple clothes and avoid foreign-style hair-dressing. as a center, the name meaning Tibetan's Maiden Sermon 6. Observe wedding, funeral and "Spreading Light Mountain"- a prophetic name, for in eleven Not long ago a member of one other home affair!! simply but sol- emnly. weeks the Gospel story was told of the oldest and most aristo- 7. Reform the mad custom of late to bed and late to rise. in 4,265 homes where it had cratic families in Western Tibet 8. Economize on metal, wool, cotton, never been heard before. Fifty conducted the Sunday service in inquirers came to a definite de- the small church at Leh, Ladak. paper and fuel and utilize wasted and His text, "Rejoice in the Lord other buried things. cision; two sorcerers were con- 9. Endeavor to prevent fire and prepare for air raids. verted and two homes were alway; and again I say rejoice," cleared of idols. Before the seemed paradoxical for most of 10. Rear the children to be strong band left, a little self-supportng his experiences were of the sort in mind and body. to make o.ne weep rather than church was established. A well- 11. Have bodily exercise every day to train the mind and body.

to-do convert is supplying a rej oice. Two years ago he be- 12. Economize in drinking sake. 13. Be friendly to neighbors and room for the services. came a Christian and his Bud- help one another. Reports from other bands are dhist relatives contrived to equally gratifying. Their work involve him in a charge of em- This may be regarded as pav- is appreciated by missionaries, bezzling state funds. The fact ing the way for making the sacas well as by the Chinese. Rev. that he was acquitted only served rifices the government expects J. N. Foster, the superintendent to make them more determined to demand. -Christian Advocate. of the Yiyang Circuit, reports to bring about his ruin, so they

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

Urged to Keep Silent a building that will head up the work satisfactorily become A Japanese writes to Amer- Christian Endeavor, Y. M. C. A. voluntary leaders in the local ican friends: and Junior Boys' work, and also village churches from which serve a-s office space for mission- they come. Under the auspices "I would urge you to use the aries and nationals in the vari- of one Mission alone-the Amerutmost caution as regards what ous other activities of the ican Presbyterian – nine such you say or do concerning this Church. It will be operated schools are held each year. One crisis. At this juncture Japan under the management of the for girls reached its high water is taking action at the peril of Bible Institute, so there will be mark last year, with an attend- her future destiny, according to no competition and fullest coop- ance of 67 for the five weeks'

whether she succeeds or fails. eration, especially in educational work. It is not surprising that As a matter of course, the whole facilities. in numbers and spiritual force nation is aroused. Without this the Korean Church is one of the feeling of intensity Japan could Education in Korea strongest.

not fight the war, though our The Evangelistic Farmers' AUSTRALIA AND government does not declare it School at Masan, Korea, has THE ISLANDS a war. The whole of Japan is bought ten acres of very rich soil now resorting to a procedure for experimental farming; the New Field Opening unanimously supported by our income is to be applied to the people, and not a single soul is maintenance of the S c h 0 0 1. The decision of an Australian suffered to protest. If anyone Buildings to be erected will be of you feel inclined to protest according to Korean rural style. firm to search for oil in Papua against this course there may be no other way than for you to re- Since there are more than ten has made possible a considerable main silent. At any rate, I do churches in this vicinity, the stuheartily request you to remain dents will have opportunity to do extension of the work of the completely silent. religious educational work. The Unevangelized Fields Mission "On the other hand, if you ob- School will also send out wellject to this course, you may ex- trained farmers whose influence there. This company will shortly press your attitude on the will do much to improve farm ground that you are a foreigner, send out a large number of men but please bear in mind that life. such liberty of speech, if exer- The only Christian college for to prospect, and their equipment cised by you, will not be acceptable nor will it be recognized in women in all Korea is Ewha Col- will include six large launches; this country. Still I hope that lege. At present, it fairly brisnothing unhappy will come and where prospectors go, the about between you and our peo- tles with great ambitions from ple. It is our urgent prayer that within and great expectations missionaries can go. Hitherto in our relations to each other we may get along smoothly and with from without. Graduates are they have been greatly hindered the utmost friendliness, without expected to enter the field of any ill will and with no mis- church and community service because of poor means of transunderstanding until the present trouble is ended." or rural welfare. This calls for port – small and dangerous an extension center for commu- -Bulletin of English Meth- nity work; also, a course in canoes. -Life of Faith. odist Mission, Canton. nursing and public health. Em- C. E. Convention in Melbourne phasis must be placed more upon the Christian nature of the The first Christian Endeavor School, since the secular and hos- Society in Australia was founded tile forces continually multiply. in 1888, resulting directly from a Christian Endeavor Constitu- -Korea Mission Field. tion which a sailor from New- buryport, Mass., had carried in his pocket. In 1893, the United Society of C. E. was formed in Australia, and a year later a World C. E. Union. In 1894, Coordinated Effort Korea Sets Example Australian Christian Endeav- orers had launched their mis- A missionary in Taiku, Korea, In the creation of its Bible sionary program in a most pracwrites that one of the most hope- Schools, the Manchurian Church tical form, when a society was ful projects of the past year has has followed the example of organized among the Aborigines been the effort to consolidate the Korea, a Church which in pro- at LePerouse, New South Wales.

Christian activities of that city, portion to its size is the most This being Australia's na- especially among the young peo- vigorous in the Orient. For tional jubilee year, dating from ple. A man with both univer- years the Korean Church has the first settlement of this com- sity and seminary training was made it a practice to send work- monwealth, it is fitting that the secured to organize this work, ers to its annual schools for spe- fiftieth birthday of Australian and permission was secured cial training. Usually, these C. E. should be observed by en- from the Board to use the Bible schools last six weeks,and stu- tertaining the tenth World Institute compound as a center dents are expected to attend Christian Convention. This is from which to work. Earnest them for two or three years in to be held in Melbourne, August efforts are being made to erect succession. Those who complete 2-8 of this year.

New Hebrides Mission LATIN AMERICA Negro Missionaries to Indians The New Hebridean of today Evangelizing the Firemen Negro missionaries are workis a different person from his forefathers, who murdered the Doors do not open easily for ing among the aboriginal Inpioneer missionaries, John Wil- the Gospel in Mexico, but Mr. F. dians of Central America, the liams and James Harris in 1839. J. Huegel writes of one that Valiente tribes, who live in the His environment and manner of forests of Panama. There are living have altered, largely opened in Mexico City when he about 10,000 of these, and their through outside forces; some became acquainted with the fire mode of living is hardly changed have been for the better, but chief, with four stations and 250 sin c e Christopher Columbus others have been disastrous. landed on their coast in 150l. Depopulation has gone on stead- men under his charge. He is Mr. E. S. Alphonse is a Methily, until no longer do crowds eager for his men to have the odist pioneer among these peoline the beaches when a vessel ,.ple. When he first went there arrives. But amid changing con- Gospel. In all four of these sta- twenty-one years ago, the Inditions, the upbuilding of Chris- tions systematic Bible study has tian character goes on. The begun. Says Mr. Huegel: missionary has a two-fold task; first, to bring Christ into the "One afternoon in the hall at dians called him a crow, because hearts; and second, to stand as Santa Julia just as I came to the of his black skin, and were suspithe natives' friend against harm- close of the message and was cious of him. Now there is a ful outside influences. If it were about to make a call for the men Christian community of 500, and not for these influences it would to accept Christ as their Saviour, a number of Christian schools. be possible for native Christian the fire alarm rang. You can Mr. Alphonse was the first to leaders to hold their people in the imagine my feelings, for nat- study their language and reduce Way of Life. These natives very urally every man leaped for his it to writing. A grammar, sevquickly learn foreign ways- boots and helmet and before I eral books of the Bible, a hymn whether they be right or wrong. could catch my breath, was gone. book and a catechism have been They had gone to put out a fire produced in the Valiente tongue. -United Church Record. and I had come to kindle one. -The Life of Faith. Filipinos Seek Union "Some 200 Testaments have Last February Philippine been given out and the eagerness Opening Doors Christians made another significant advance on the road of co- of the men for study promises a In Colombia, a number of facoperation and union by forming tors are contributing to wider the Philippine Federation of harvest of souls for the Kingdom opening doors than ever before Evangelical Churches. This is the third in a series of three or- of God." -World Call. ganizations set up since 1901 to guide the Christian movement in Santo Domingo on the Air to the entrance of the Gospel. the way of unity and peace. The Improved methods of transporfirst was the Evangelical Union. It grew into the National Chris- For two and a half years the tation, especially the building of tian Council organized in 1929. Now the federation marks a still Evangelical Church of the Do- highways, are making many new further growth and the pros- minican Republic has been regions accessible. Fanaticism pects of comparatively early preaching the Gospel over the is gradually giving way, even in organic union of all major denominations are hopeful. air. In all this time, except for the isolated areas; and the new The object of the federation is two nights when the government constitution adopted in 1936 as- "to unite various Christian bodies and agencies in the Philip- shut off all the radios in Tru- sures liberty of conscience in the pines for the twofold purpose of securing comity, cooperation and jillo City, the capital, the weekly matter of religion. Two selfeffectiveness in their operation, and searching out possible bases program has gone on. From supporting and self-governing for organic union with the view to bringing the churches to such Venezuela, Colombia, Central churches were organized last union in due time." America, Cuba, Porto Rico, even year in the state of Tolima. -Christian Century. from the United States and as Missionaries and national far away as Maine, have come workers are constantly meeting requests for special hymns. new problems. There is a greatly Worship groups meet in the awakened interest in education homes, and follow that broad- on the part of the people in gen- cast; one group in Venezuela eral; parents are pathetically writes that this broadcast is the eager for their children to have only worship service they have. the opportunities which they did A group of Cuban Christians not have. Parent-teacher meet- who lost their church building in ings, enlarged libraries, im- a hurricane meet for this serv- proved equipment of schools and ice, and a restaurant proprietor philanthropic projects sponsor~d in Porto Rico sent a small con- by students all indicate a pro- tribution from his patrons who gressive trend.

listen to the restaurant radio. Two new buses added to mis- He is confident that there has sion equipment will greatly aid been at least one definite decision in evangelistic work, and the for Christ as a result of the pro- Spanish publication Evangelista gram. Colombiano will bring the Gos-

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

pel to many living in isolated "To study the possibilities of the simpler and more efficient the areas. The bookstore has in- foundation of a daily newspaper and working of the Federation. creased its stock, and doubled its a press association; These plans for a greater meascirculation. ure of cooperation have yet to be "To prepare a worship manual; approved by the churches con- -Colombian Clippings. "To promote a revised translation of cerned. When this approval has the Bible; been given the Federation will Indian Ohurch in Peru "To study social problems in the enter on a new era of usefulness light of the Gospel, and to the whole evangelical cause in Such a work has been estab- "To disseminate information con- Brazil. lished among the Indians of cerning the work done by the intersouthern Peru, after seven years national movements. -World D.ominion Press. of progressive evangelism. In 1931, these people had never MIGUEL RIZZO, JR." NORTH AMERIOA heard the Gospel message; today, there are 500 Christians in Gospel Boat on Amazon A Return to Ohrist? twelve communities, eight of which are properly organized Medical relief w 0 r k has An Episcopal Bishop of Chichurches, with their own leaders, proved to be a valuable entering cago sees, in the recent unpreceelders and deacons, conducted wedge for the Gospel message in dented church attendance during quite independently by the na- Brazil. A Seventh Day Advent- Lent, a return to religion to face tionals. In spite of the fact that ist missionary writes: the challenge of the present day. 95 per cent of the people are Lutheran, Methodist, Presbyteilliterate, the converts have "During the flood season the rian, Baptist and other churches manifested a steady spiritual Amazon and its tributaries rise are also reported to have had growth. This the missionaries about fifty feet above normal, larger congregations than in attribute to three factors: the and when these waters subside many years, with a marked deepvital prayer life of the churches; each year, there is an epidemic ening of reverence and earnestthe persecution through which, of fever. This year the govern- ness. as individuals and as communi- ment furnished us with $1,000 ties, they have had to pass; and worth of medicine, and in a five- Said the Chicago Bishop: the very high standard of con- month period we were able to duct, supported by strict disci- treat 5,800 sufferers. We have It looks as if the great religious pline, which prevails in the an electric light plant on our awakening for which the Christian churches.-Life of Faith. boat and every night we hold Church has been praying to meet the services somewhere along the spread of paganism and the defeat of The Ohristian Task in Brazil river. The light attracts the na- worldliness, is at hand. Worshipers tives for miles around. In one are revealing a new earnestness, a The Evangelical Congress of village where we were stoned new devotion to their faith which Brazil which met in Sao Paulo in six years ago we this year bap- comes only from a sense of frustra- December, 1936, was composed tized twenty-five people. tion and helplessness. It has often of official commissions from six been that man's extremity is God's different denominations. The "These Christians along the opportunity. declarations of the Congress are river believe in the 'Win One' proof of the attitude of the movement. Three of our boys I believe the hour has struck. This churches toward the ideal of co- go out each Friday night to a Lenten season should bring joy to the operation am 0 n g Christians. neighboring village where they hearts of all true Christians every- Here they are: "The situations have organized a Sabbath school, where, because God is again being enof the Brazilian Protestants, di- and the latest report received throned in human hearts. vided in various churches, is a from them tells of thirty-nine problem to be solved. It is neces- members being present." -Living Church. sary to make an effort in favor of the union of the churches Evangelical Federation Why Honor Ingersoll? through an ample formula Progress which respects principles and In March, 1937, a resolution established practices. The Con- The Evangelical Federation of was introduced in the House of gress committed to the Federa- Brazil has drawn up a modus Representatives proposing the tion the following tasks: vivendi for the churches and erection in Washington, D. C., of missions which are affiliated a monument in memory of Rob- "To investigate what is the religious with it. This has been prepared ert G. Ingersoll, the famous insituation of the zones occupied by the by a special committee in order fidel lecturer. The First Baptist churches; to solve problems arising from Church of Paso Robles, Cali- over-occupation of some fields, fornia, protests to the Govern- "To organize a general plan of evan- to ensure the adequate occupa- ment that since the plan is gelization; and to organize the pro- tion of regions not yet reached, sponsored by an atheist organigrams for teaching religion in the and to eliminate friction in inter- zation, and that organization has public schools; denominational relations. At alleged affiliations with the In- the same time, certain Articles ternational Freethought Union "To promote the Qrganization of the of the Constitution of the Evan- of Europe, and that the monuyoung people; gelical Federation of Brazil have ment is proposed as a "recogni- tion of Robert G. Ingersoll's been modified so as to make most noteworthy contribution to the emancipation of mankind

from religious superstition," A New York Church "The colony will be a place where more than 1,000 homes, they are unalterably opposed to "Resolves" built in the Moorish style of architecture, will be set up in the any legislation of that character. Christ Church, New York, very near future. Land in the Further reasons for their objec- Dr. R. W. Sockman, pastor, is Gardens Heights section has altion are expressed in these discussing world topics at the ready been purchased with mid-week services; and the con- funds representing contributions words: sensus of opinion is gathered to- to the Moorish Science Temple gether in a set of resolutions. of America, and construction on "That we recognize the impor- Sometimes these are transmitted some of the houses was begun tance of Christian faith and to the groups concerned. Some about a month ago. We feel that practice in regard to the safety of the topics already discussed the colony we are anticipating and well-being of democracy. are the religious situation in ,will provide better housing con- That we believe the enemies of Mexico; the boycott of Japanese ditions for the persons in this .Christianity seek to express goods, and more recently the De- country of Moorish descent, and their contempt for God, the pressed Classes in India. The will permit them to practice the Bible and our Christ by the erec- resolutions adopted in this in- customs and religious tenets of tion of· this glorification of Rob- stance were: Morocco. It will establish a defiert G. Ingersoll. That it is our nite religious center for us." opinion that this would encour- WHEREAS, The outcaste millions of age the youth of our land in India for centuries have been disfran- New Church for Hoopa Indians atheism, materialism, radical- chised by the Hindu religion of their ism and revolt against God and rightful position as "sons of God and The Hoopa Indian Reservation established government." in California has a population of approximately 2,000; 1,100 of -Christianity Today. joint heirs with Christ"; and these are children between the WHEREAS, 3,000,000 or more of the ages of 6 and 18. About 3,000 acres are under cultivation, but Religious Education Council outcaste people have responded to the the average per capita income of Gospel as presented by Christian mis- these Indians is only about $120 The 20th Session of the Inter- sionaries and have accepted the Chris- a year. national Council of Religious tian faith; and Education is to assemble in In the Hoopa Presbyterian Columbus, Ohio, June 28-July 3. WHEREAS, Christianity has brought Church there are 83 members, The theme for this convention is to these hope instead of despair, free- with 115 in the Sunday School. "The Christian Challenge to the dom instead of endless slavery, knowl- There are two outstations, the edge in place of ignorance, self-respect most promising of which is instead of self-degradation; and Weitchpec, where the interest has been growing steadily, espe- WHEREAS, Leaders of the outcaste cially during the past two years. A fine constituency has been de- Modern World," and eight out- classes seeing these changes have veloped and upwards of forty . urged their 60,000,000 fellow outcastes church members are enrolled. comes are hoped for as a result to abandon Hinduism and seek a new They are ready to effect a forof the deliberations: religion; and mal church organization. Mrs. Nellie Masten, a devoted Chris- 1. An improved a t m 0 s p her e WHEREAS, It is our belief that such tian Indian, has deeded the Board a site for a church, and throughout North America in which a reconstruction of the social order money is available to put up the building. The Indians will take to carry out a steady and continuous can only be carried through on the care of practically all the labor involved. program of Christian education. lines of Christ's teachings and that any other possibilities seem to be di- Alaskan Leaders All 2. A clearer understanding of the nature of Christian education and its rectly in the line of revolution or civil Graduates of Sheldon Jackson responsibilities. strife; therefore, be it School in Sitka qualify for posi- tions that call for excellent train- 3. An increased recognition of the Resolved, That we, the members of ing. One of them is responsible existence of many practical steps Christ Church, New York City, up- for organizing cooperatives in which may be taken by lay and pro- hold and support our missionaries and Alaskan villages; two are nurses fessional church workers in fulfilling their work in India in their self-sacri- in government hospitals; three the Christian challenge through Chris- ficing labors for these· needy and re- are teachers in government tian education. sponsive people, millions of whom will schools. Others are in mission undoubtedly turn to Christianity for work; one is the minister at 4. Help on specific problems which release from their present captivity each delegate faces back home which into the new liberty of the Gospel of will put new zest into the work of the Christ; and be it further churches from which they come. Resolved, That we send a letter to 5. A deepening of the religious ex- the bishops of our church in India asperience of every delegate which will suring them of our sympathy and inprovide the dynamic without which all terest in these inspiring days. of our efforts will be in vain. -Indian Witness. 6. A great stimulus to the work of Christian education in every part of the North American continent through Moorish Colony in America the publicity, before, during and after Plans are under way for the the convention.

7. Greater unity and closer coopera- establishment of a Moorish Coltion of Christian forces. ony at Yaphank, L. 1., which is 8. Delegates to the convention will to serve as a mecca for the 20,- return to their local communities to 000 Moors in Greater New York and surrounding area. The form an informed nucleus of local Grand Seik Turner-EI, spokes- leaders who understand more fully and definitely the basic principles and outreach of Christian education. man for the Moorish Council, -Advance. explains the plan:

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

Wainwright Pre s b y t e ria n in two or three decades. When and Work, issues this warning; Church, another is nurse at reminded that thousands of no protest should be made on a Sheldon Jackson School. The gatherings of Christians were political basis because this would two native organizations, the being held throughout Germany, increase the danger in which Alaska Native Brotherhood and with no interference from au- Pastor Niemoller stands. It is the Alaska Native Sisterhood, thorities, Dr. Barth explained important that churches should whose objectives are competent that at such meetings the only state clearly that the reason for Christian citizenship, have al- message allowed was one which their protest is that he has taken ways been under the leadership Hitler considered "harmless." A his stand entirely on the basis of of former students of Sheldon spiritual gospel is permitted, but the rig h t of the Christian Jackson School. only so far as it does not affect Church to proclaim the Word of the actions of men on earth. God. Expressions of sympathy -Monday Morning. There is no toleration at all for on any other basis would only the teaching of real Christian increase his danger. The Ger- EUROPE ethics, which mean something in man Government should be in- the present situation in Ger- formed in no uncertain terms Something Alive in Denmark many-for example, "race wor- that concern for Pastor NiemOl- ship," anti-Semitism, the cult of ler is very widely felt. Here are some characteristics hatred, etc. of student Christian work in Dr. Henriod also calls atten-. Denmark: -Religious N eW8 Service. tion to the gravity of the present world situation, manifested by (1) The emphasis of instruc- Fascist Youth Niemoller's continued imprisontion is upon the awakening of ment after being cleared in a the spirit rather than upon the There is something ominous trial. Christian churches should acquiring of knowledge or skill. in the official report that Ger- be awake to the danger at the (2) The method of instruction many's juvenile crime record has root of such a situation in its stresses the "living word." increased 40 per cent in the past religious and ethical implica- (3) The historical approach three years. In the depression tions. characterizes a 11 instruction, years of 1931 and 1932 there was even the sciences, and history is a rise in juvenile thefts, but then Pastor Niemoller's spirit rea living subject. (4) The sub- they were driven to crime by mains unbroken, as is shown by ject matter is confined largely to poverty and hunger. Today, the the following extract from one those subjects which are useful record shows that less than 10 of his letters to his wife: to the average man in his per- per cent are motivated in lawsonal or civic life. (5) There lessness by poverty. Somehow in these last six months are no grades, credits, degrees or the ship of the Church has got afloat examinations. The primary em- Brutality has been the pop- again. The color is dimmed, the masts phasis is upon instruction and ular word of Nazi leaders, and are broken, the whole appearance is not on competition among stu- violence their approved method. not handsome; but the Lord Christ dents. (6) The fact of a group German youth follow their lead- still sits at the helm, and the ship of students living together is ers. Two or three afternoons moves forward. . . . utilized as a fundamental edu- and Sunday belong to the Hitler cational medium. The teachers You t h, irrespective of the And I think my imprisonment also utilize this opportunity by living schools. During this period they belongs to the holy humor of God. with the students and using their are trained in Nazi ideals, which First the mocking laughter: "Now influence to create a cooperative include the "instinct of freedom" we've got that fellow" and then the community. (7) The schools are against the school and the fam- imprisonment; and what are the conalso dominated by a high ethical ily. The result is now evident. sequences? Full churches, a praying purpose. They seek to give the Only the more serious crimes community. student the opportunity to know ever come before the courts. himself, and to supply him with The report says that moral of- To get bitter about such things the motivation to exert a con- fenses increased over 150 per would be shameful ingratitude. structive influence in all rela- cent, and that all crime is most tionships of life. flagrant among college students. Anti-Alcohol Museum Thus Fascism bears its fruit. -Intercollegian and Far With all the fanfare the Poles Horizons. -The Churchman. like so much, the Minister for Social Welfare recently opened German Youth and the Church Pastor Niemoller's the Anti-Alcohol Museum in Imprisonment Warsaw, one of the first of its Dr. Karl Barth, addressing a kind in the world. There are group of church leaders in Lon- In regard to the petitions pre- twenty-four departments dealdon, said that it is Hitler's inten- sented to the German Govern- ing with as many phases of the tion to cut German youth off ment on behalf of Pastor Nie- alcohol problem. Arresting disfrom all church connection, so moller, Dr. Henry L. Henriod, plays trace the history of the that the Church, becoming a so- general secretary of the Univer- battle against alcohol. Photociety of old people, will die with- sal Christian Council for Life graphs and diagrams show how alcoholism is treated. The tech- nical use of alcohol is described. The discoveries of science about alcohol are set forth. The value

of propaganda for and against disturbed by the Soviet order are where there are no 'Keep Out' alcohol is assessed. The problem of alcoholism in art and among the church members. signs against the inquisitive and caricature is presented, with abundant illustration. There is questioning mind. Disinterested a display of non-alcoholic drinks. Some fourteen departments in MISCELLANEOUS research cannot survive in an the museum are given to exhibits Good Will Commandments atmosphere of compulsion and on alcoholism in relation to repression. Particularly in the health, tuberculosis, venereal diseases, child welfare, school Dr. Walter W. Van Kirk of broad range of subjects covered life, the family, suicide, acci- the Federal Council has pro- by the social sciences, and in the dents at work, sports, business posed "Ten Commandments of humanities as well, the world and many other interests. Ap- Good Will." They reflect a spirit has recently witnessed in several propriately enough, there is a sorely needed in the present countries the progressive disinfrank appraisal of alcohol as a tegration of creative scholarmeans of raising national and world crisis: municipal revenues. ship." 1. I will respect all men and women '" -The Christian Advocate. -Christian Advocate. regardless of their race or religion.

Christians Resist Soviet 2. I will protect and defend my Pressure neighbor and my neighbor's children Salvation Army Year Book against the ravages of racial or reli- Moscow has opened a new gious bigotry. This Year Book for 1938 indrive to curb the churches. The arrests of clerymen during the 3. I will exemplify in my own life cludes a list of outstanding Salpast year, culminating in the arrest of twenty-five on Russian the spirit of goodwill and understand- vation Army events of 1937, Easter on treason charges, fo- ing. with much interesting informacused attention once more on the tion as to nationalities among status of religion in the Soviet 4. I will challenge the philosophy which the Army works, the lan- Union. It would be hard to of racial superiority by whomsoever parallel in modern times the per- it may be proclaimed, whether by guages in which it preaches and secution the Church in Russia has had to endure during the kings, dictators or demagogues. twenty years of the Bolshevik regime, yet one finds religion 5. I will not be misled by the lying a glossary of Army terIns. holding on with amazing te- propaganda of those who seek to set nacity-both holding and carry- race against race or nation against Under the heading, "Signs and ing on. According to a despatch nation. Wonders," M a j 0 r Reginald to the New York Times, great Woods, of International Headnumbers of young people still at- 6. I will refuse to support any or- quarters, describes the begintend church, as was strikingly ganization that has for its purpose evidenced by the overflowing churches on Easter Sunday. the spreading of anti-Semitism, anti- ning, in London, of work among Catholicism or anti-Protestantism. the deaf. There were 120 peo- Factors in the renewed activi- ple present at the first meeting. ties against religion are the un- 7. I will establish comradeship with Similar endeavors have, for expected stubbornness of the all those who seek to exalt the spirit many years, been a feature of people, and the signs of progress of love and reconciliation throughout in the Church. The Soviet gov- the world. ernment now frowns upon the anti-religious excesses of earlier 8. I will attribute to those who dif- the activities in Sweden, Noryears. Freedom of religion is fer from me the same degree of singuaranteed by the constitution, cerity that I claim for myself. way, Finland, Denmark and the but in actual practice the Soviet Near East. can close any church it sees fit 9. I will uphold the civil rights and on the grounds that the building religious liberties of all citizens and The Home League, a work is needed by the State. Widening of the streets has caused groups whether I agree with them or among women with 100,000 many prominent churches to be not. demolished. Recent arrests are members in the British Isles, is based on alleged plots against 10. I will do more than live and let the government. The code for live; I will live and help live. described. U n d e r the title, treason is broad and loose, so "From Fetish. W 0 r s hip to that the greater number of those New Barriers Christ," Col. Ethelbert Grimes tells of fourteen years' work in Rockefeller Foundation is West Africa, where there are finding them. Operating in fifty- 20,000 Salvationists, located in two countries, from Norway to 350 centers. An article on "Mi- the Fiji Islands, the Rockefeller gration and Settlement" reveals Foundation has been encounter- that more than 200,000 persons ing difficulties as it has tried to have been taken from over- spend something over $9,500,000 crowded areas to lands overseas a year in the dissemination of since this department of the knowledge. In some fields where work was started. It is said that they formerly went it is now fewer than 1 per cent have useless to go because the search proved failures.

for truth has been made impos- -The Christian.

sible by local conditions. While the Foundation works without Said the Robin to the Sparrow, 'I regard to political doctrines, should really like to know creeds or sects, it has become Why these anxious human beings harder and harder to follow this rush about and worry so?'

ideal. Says Dr. Raymond B. Said the Sparrow to the Robin, Fosdick: "Objective scholarship 'Friend, I think that it must be is possible only where thought is That they have no heavenly Father free t and fr~edQm ~IHl ~{CJst onl~ such as qare}) for you and w,e.,' "

Missionary

Books Briefly Reviewed for the Readers' Information BOOKS ON THE CITY AND THE CITY CHURCH RECOMMENDED BY THE REV. CHARLES H. SEARS, D.D.

Foremost among these books The Crowded Ways. By Charles sions. (Home Missions Council, are those announced by the Mis- Hatch Sears and The City's Church, New York City, 25 cents.) sionary Education Movement of By H. Paul Douglass. Two book'! the United States and Canada, published by the M. E. M. in 1929. City, The. Robert E. Park, Ernest designed particularly for mission W. Burgess and Roderick D. Mcstlldy courses. We list in the The Movement announces Kenzie. Chicago, University of order given by the Movement; manuals to assist in the study Chicago Press, 1925. $2.00. they may be secured from of the major books, guides for Friendship Press, 150 Fifth community and church surveys, Our Cities. Their role in the Nation- Avenue, New York City. and other helpful materials. al Economy. June, 1937. Report of the Urbanism Committee to The The American City and Its Church. It is possible for any group National Resources Committee. The basic study for adults. By Sam- to greatly extend its study of Washington, U. S. Government uel C. Kincheloe, is a careful analy- the city by use of biographies Printing Office, 1937. 50 cents. sis of city environment and adap- and autobiographies such as (Especially useful in this study be- tation of the program of the church "The Story of a Varied Life," cause of its striking maps and to this environment. Both from !:tis by W. S. Rainsford, (Double- charts.) academic and practical approach day, Doran & Company). "Ed- Dr. Kincheloe speaks with author- ward Judson, Interpreter of City Church, The. H. Paul Doug- ity. God," (Judson Press). Dr. H. lass. New York, Friendship Press, Paul Douglass' books remain of 1929. Cloth, 50 cents; paper, 25 City Man. By Charles Hatch Sears. permanent value, "The City cents. A new imprint edition, recently Church," "How to Study the published by Harpers. This is a City Church," "1000 City Church City Planning. Charles Hatch study of the intensive form of ur- C h u r c h e s," and particular Sears, editor. Philadelphia, The ban development, the metropolitan church surveys, Springfield and Judson Press, 1928. $1.25. community, with particular empha- St. Louis notable, (Harper & sis upon the eife<:!t of this environ- Brothers) . We call particular Suggestions to Leaders of Study ment upon the city man himself. attention to Dr. Wilbur C. Hal- Classes using "The American City (M. E. M. 75 cents.) lenbeck's study of Church City and Its Church"; by Kenneth D. Societies "Urban Organization Miller. Paper 15 cents. City Shadows. By Robert W. Searle. of Protestantism." Finally, ev- For the senior high school age, ery student of the city should My Community, My Church, and Me I equally valu,able for others, here is secure a copy of "Our Cities, by Wilbur C. Hallenbeck (Study a revealing series of true stories of Their Role in the National Econ- and Action Series). Paper 35 cents. city life. omy," a publication of the Na- tional Resources Committee, for Urban Scene, by Margueritte Har- Street Corners. By Harold B. Hunt- sale by the Superintendent of mon Bro. (A pictorial book for all ing. As a source book for juniors, Documents, Washington, D. C., youth and adult grades.) Paper this is particularly valuable for its at fifty cents a copy. 25 cents. portrayal of the work of churches arid social agencies. OTHER BOOKS ON THE CITY A Course for Young People on the Church in the City, by Owen Geer. All . Around the City. By Esther City Challenges the Church. Ad- Paper 25 cents. Freivogel. For primary children. dresses made at an Interdenomina- A story of how two children from tional Conference on the City A Course for Seniors on the Church the country find friendly places and Church, January 13 and 14, 1937. in the City, by Donald Gordon Stew- friendly faces in the city. Under the auspices of the Commit- art. Paper 25 cents. tee on City and New Americans of City and Church in Transition. By the Home Missions Council and the The City I Would Build, by Emily Murray H. Leiifer, published by Council of Women for Home Mis- Gaither. For intermediates. Paper Willett, Clark & Co. The book is a 35 cents. (A work book for both in- definite outgrowth of the request termediates and their leaders.) made by the Committee on City and New Americans for a study of A Junior Teacher's Guide for study- the medium-sized city. It summa- ing the Church in the City, by Nina rizes results of a four-year study of Millen. For elementary grades. Pa- 140 cities which have a population per 25 cents. of from 50 to 150,000. A Primary Teacher's Guide for Studying the Church in the City, by Esther Freivogel. Paper 25 cents.

Any of the books noted in these columns will be sent by the REVIEW publishers on receipt of price.

[319 ]

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

Joe Lives in the City, bv Jeanette tions, substitutions and correc- make a modern village; he in- Perkins Brown. (A picture book tion of the text are not always troduced the bicycle into Borneo for primary children.) Paper 25 easily grasped. Dr. Jeffery of and organized river fleets and cents. Cairo is preparing a critical edi- little holding companies to keep tion of the Koran text, which alive the commercial life of the (Above publications obtainable from when completed will be of great community. At the same time Missionary Education Movement, value to all missionaries to Mos- he was winning them to God, New York.) lems. It will facilitate their task spreading the Gospel of Christ of interpreting the Gospel to farther and farther into the Churching the Small City, by Wil- those who have, in their own Dyak-head-hunter filled jungles. bur C. HaIlenbeck. (A method of sacred book, countless stumbling Finally in 1935 in Sarawak, at study and survey of a smaIler city.) blocks against a' right under- the age of 63 he passed into the Paper 25 cents. Home Missions standing of the Holy Scriptures. greater Glory Beyond, but not Council, New York. 'ttntil he had seen a large part of S. M. ZWEMER. his ambitious plans mature and The Qur'an. By Richard BeIl, B.D., bear fruits. D.D. Volume 1. pp. 343, $6.00. T. Tuan Hoover of Borneo. By Frank & T. Clark, Edinburgh, 1937. T. Cartwright; 186 pp. $1.75. Ab- Dr. Cartwright, the Secretary ingdon Press, New York, 1937. of the Methodist Episcopal There is no lack of English Board of Foreign Missions, was translations of the Koran. Those The work of the Christian himself a missionary for eleven by Sale, Palmer, Rodwell are missionary has never been easy, years in China. His personal well known, and each is distin- but even so, unusual difficulties contacts with Hoover left many guished for special points of val- were encountered by Jam e s memories which are brought out ue. In addition, we have had in Matthews Hoover, the stalwart in glowing, moving biography recent years four translations bearer of the Gospel into the that depicts true Christian adby Mohammedans. Nevertheless, steaming jungles of Malaya. venture as well as inspirational this is the first t.t~anslation with achievement. a critical rearrangement of the "Tuan Hoover," a Pennsylcontents of the chapters and it vania village boy, shortly after MARSHALL R. HALL. therefore fills a gap. One cannot the turn of the present century, state more clearly the justifica- heard the call to the foreign Ship East-Ship West. By Elizabeth tion for this piece of scholarly field; he obeyed and spent thirty Miller Lobingier. 87 pp. $1.00 work and its character than by years as a real pioneer mission- Friendship Press, New York. 1937. quoting from the preface: ary of the Methodist Episcopal Church. Blest with an un- This is a children's book with The translation goes frankly on the usually rugged physique and a definite purpose-to train the assumption that the Qur'an was in ability to withstand hardship, he youthful mind in the way of written form when the redactors was the ideal type for the par- peace among nations. In six difstarted their work, whether actuaIly ticular work he was called upon ferent stories, children are told written by Muhammad himself, as I to do. How well he did it, and that nations need not fight when personally believe, or by others at his how enduring are the results he they have disputes to settle. War dictation. This conclusion also has left behind must stand as a is shown to be foolish, and in been forced upon me in the course of monument which all Christians summing up a list of war's evils my work. The translation itself must may well admire. is contrasted with the blessings furnish the proof. If, by the hypoth- of peace. The book deserves a esis that the present form of the Mr. Hoover began his work wide reading among our chil- QUr'an rests upon a careful repro- in Malaya with only a moderate dren, seeing how important it is duction of a confusion of written doc- preparation, but it was soon de- that right ideals should be conuments, that confusion has been in termined that he was the man stantly set before them. any considerable number of passages to take over the difficult task of cleared up, the hypothesis will have carrying the Gospel to the Chi- Little Talks to Little Folks. By C. justified itself. All the possibilities nese immigrants from Foochow A. Puncker. 92 pp. Is. Pickering of confusion in written documents who were settled in Borneo. He & Inglis, London. 1937. have had to be considered-correc- accepted the challenge and went tions, interlinear additions, additions to work among them-on a The author has given chilon the margins, deletions and substi- crocodile-filled river in the ma- dren's talks for over 25 years, tutions, pieces cut off from a passage laria rid den jungle. Here he and the stories in this volume and wrongly placed, passages written found them, miserable, afraid are the ones that seemed to im- on the back of others and then read and alone, overwhelmed with press his small hearers most. continuously, front and back foIlowing home-sickness for their home- Realizing that the only way to each other. It is to this, rather than land. get the children's attention is to to textual defects, or to confusion in interest them, he introduces a Muhammad's own thought and style With all the strength of his va r i e t y of subjects – ants, that the dreary welter of the Qur'an huge body and stout heart he set watches, escalators, and for the so often deplored by Western writers to work. Among the material cur i 0 u s – "bent sunbeams." is due. advantages he brought to them These talks are a practical help were electricity, an ice plant, to those who would lead the Dr. Bell of the Edinburgh lights and other conveniences to "lambs into the fold." University has unraveled many of the puzzles that confront the reader, but he has also left un- solved a still larger number. His translation is accurate but not always literal, as we have in Palmer's translation. The de- vices used to indicate altera-

Book. Cbe. Upper

Church Comity. A Study of Cooper- July, August, Now READY FOR DISTRIBUTION ative Church Extension in Ameri- can Cities. H. Paul Douglass. Se tember The Daily Devotional Guide Garden City, N. Y., DoubledaYi of 1,000,000 People – Issued Doran & Co., for Institute of Socia Quarterly in English, Spanish, and Religious Research, 1929. (Out and Roman Urdu of print.) THE UPPER ROOM is beinq distributed in 25,000 churches. Church in the Changing City. Case representing every evangelical denomination. We have evi- Studies Illustrating Adaptation. dence of thousands of family altars beinq established and New York, George H. Doran Co., daily devotions in the home beinq conducted. with the aid of for Institute of Social and Religious THE UPPER ROOM as a devotional quide. The best help Research, 1927. (Out of print.) available for individual devotions.

Community Survey in Relation to Church Efficiency, The. Charles E. Carroll. New York, Abingdon Press, 1915.

Negro Problems in the Cities. Subscription price, 30 cents per year" postpaid. Pastors may secure ten or Thomas Jackson Woofter, Jr. New more copies on consignment to be paid for, when sold at 5 cents per copy. York, Institute of Social andRe- ligious Research, 1928. (Out of Send all orders to THE UPPER ROOM, Doctors' Bldg., Nashville, Tenn. print.) 1000 City Churches. Phases of Adaptation to Urban Environment. H. Paul Douglass. New York, George H. Doran Co., for Institute of So- Types from City Streets. By Hutch- troduced the pension plan of the cial and Religious Research, 1926. ins, Hapgood, New York, 1910. (Harper & Brothers. $2.50.) • • Presbyterian Church. Redemption of the City. Charles Christian Message in a Non-Chris- Hatch Sears. Philadelphia, The tian World. Hendrik Kraemer. • Griffith & Rowland Press, ,1911. 455 pp. $3.00. Harper Bros. New Cloth, 50 cents; paper, 35 cents. York. 1938. Dr. George B. Winton, missionary, , Social Characteristics of Cities. editor and educator" died March 11, William F. Ogburn. Chicago, Inter- Fun and Festival from India. Rose in Nashville, Tenn., in his 78th year. Wright. 48 pp.' 25 cents. Friend- Soon after entering the ministry of ship Press. New York. the Methodist Church, South, he went to Mexico, where he served as pastor, national City Managers' Associa- president of the theological school in San Luis Potosi, and as editor of tion, 850 E. 58th Street, Chicago, Obituary Not.. E1JQ,ngelista Me:mcana,. From 1926 Ill., 1937. Paper, $1.00. until his death he wrote regularly the (Concluded from 2d cover.) "Watch Tower" column of the No,sh- ~trategy of City Church .Planning. 'ViUe Christian Advocate. Ross W. Sanderson. New York, . . '. a of Mr. and Mrs. Chas. L.Fry and Institute of Social and Religious Rev. Harry *Co.m'p.ton, one of the Research, 1932. (Out of print.) was graduated from Muhlenberg Col- The Shame of Our Cities. By lin- lege in 1916. earliest educational evangelists in coln Steffins. South America, died December 30, in Mr. Cecil Henry Polhill, member Delaware, Ohio. He had been on the of the original "Cambridge Seven," retired list since 1919. He first served died at his, home at Hempstead, Eng- in Chile, then in Montevideo, and land, March 9. Two other members of later was president of Quito CoIIege, .!,mn~ this "Cambridge Seven" are still liv- ing, Sir Montague Beauchamp and D. in Ecuador. • * • E. Hoste of the China Inland Mission. of tbe Mr. Polhill was educated at Eaton Miss Emily L. Peterson, Presby- School and was converted and led to terian missionary in India since 1913, €bri~tian offer his life to Christian service where she was principal of the Girls' through the late Dwight L. Moody. Middle School in Saharanpur, died in He sailed for China in 1885 and served India, March 17,at the age of 58. as a missionary in Shensi, Kansu and Miss Peterson worked in the New Szchwan, where he did effective work York City Mission for five years be- fore going to India. There, in addi- lLift among the Tibetans on the western tion to directing the Indian faculty and aQout 150 students, she spent cA BOOK of worship in song, com- border of China. He retired from many hours visiting in homes, going China in 1902 but continued to give into areas where cholera and small himself and his means to promote the pox were raging in order to bring work of the China Inland Mission. comfort to the suffering; helping in community projects and working for •• • the better .education of women. Rev. Charles Scott Deming, an American Methodist missionary in •• • bining a hymnal for general Mrs. Isabel Edgar McFarland, wife church use, and a song book for evan- of Rev. A. J. McFarland, D.D., passed to the Heaven Home, in February in e;elistic purposes. Oitly songs sOund Latakia, Syria. Here they began their m the faith and inspirationaf in char- work on the Mission Field in 1906, acter included–.emphasizing Evan~el­ at Mersine, and at Latakia after the war. Mr. and Mrs. McFarland were ism, Missions, and the Deeper Life. Manchuria and Korea for thirty- among that band of veteran mission- Many of the new—the best of the old. three years, died in a Brookyln hos- aries of the Reformed Presbyterian pital on March 15. For a number of Church. Dr. McFarland is retiring 504 Songs Responsive Readings years he was an officer of the Chris- and returning to America this sum- tian Literature Society of Korea, and mer. Topical Index Gold Embossed Published in round notes and Roxite cloth had translated several theological edition only at $65.00 per lOO-an especially books into Korean. He returned from low price. Single copy, SSc postpaid. Manchuria on furlough last December. Writ<! today f<rr ~etumable sample copy ••• CHRISTIAN PUBLICATIONS, Inc. Dr. W. Courtland Robinson, for- mer editor of The Presbytrian, died in 1502 NORTH THIRD STREET HARRISBURG, PA. Delhi, New York, Marc:h 15. I!e w:as chairman of the commIttee whIch In-

LIFE OF GEORGE BOWEN, OF

By ROBERT E. SPEER This is the biography of a very remarkable Christian missionary to India and for twenty years the inBuential and able editor of the Bombay Guardian. Dr. J. Sumner Stone called him, "The White Yogi."

When George Bowen died in 1888 there was call for a worthy biography but its preparation was delayed. Later all the biographical material-including his diaries, letters, reminiscences, and the books and pamphlets of which he was author-was turned over to Dr. Speer. This material has now been put into shape for publication and the result is a frank and stimulating picture of the man,-his experiences, unique character, forceful views and methods of work. Here is a life story that is of absorbing interest and will richly reward the thoughtful reader. The book is now ready for delivery. .

CONTENTS I. Family of George Bowen. XI. A Decisive Year, 1849. II. Boyhood and Youth. XII. III. Three Years Abroad. XIII. From 1850 to 1855. IV. Life in New York, 1840·1844. XIV. V. Illumination of a Hopeless Love. XV. TenYears of Independent Work. VI. Conversion to Christianity. XVI. VII. At Union Theological Seminary. XVII. The Bombay Guardian. VIII. ftisMissionary Appointment. XVIII. IX. The Voyage to India, 1847. XIX. Relations with the American Board. X. Beginning Missionary Work. Association with the Methodist Church.

Bowen as a Writer.

Correspondence with Henry W. Rankin.

Closing Testimony. • This latest work by Dr. Speer may be ordered at $2.50 per copy from THE MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING COMPANY IS6 Fifth Avenue. New York MORE ABOUT THE MODERN CITY and HOW THE CHURCH CAN MEET ITS PROBLEMS Coming in the July and September Numbers The Church Challenges the City Dwight J. Bradley Looking to the City Tomorrow Charles H. Sears Religious Problems of a Mid-West City L. Merle Rymph What a Downtown Church Can Do The Privileged Helping the Underprivileged Frederick B. Fisher A Charge Rather Than a Retreat Samuel E. West Responsibility for a Whole Community What Does Outdoor Evangelism Accomplish Richard E. Scully WiUiam C. Munds . J. Arthur Springer ORDER COPIES OF THESE NUMBERS FOR YOURSELF AND YOUR SOCIETY 25 cents a copy $20 a hundred $2.50 a year THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD Third and Reily Streets, Harrilburg, Pa.

ROBERT E. SPEER, President DELAVAN L PIERSON, Editor

The Missionary Review of the World — April 1935

APRIL,1935

India at the Crossroads William A. Stanton Caste Christians Among the Telugu c. H. Smiley What One Pastor Did for Missions Cleland B. McAfee Can We Interest College Students?

Wilmina Rowland Thank God and Take Courage—Why?

Delavan L. Pierson Negro Youth Challenges White Youth J. S. Ledbetter 25 Cents a Cop, $2.50 a Year

to Remember Obituary Note. Haile Selassie, and a staff

in the George Memorial Hospital at April 21-Easter. Rev. Christopher Noss, D.D., of Addis Ababa. He is survived by his April 2S-Fiftieth Anniversary of the Wakamatsu, Japan, died on December wife, Mrs. Agnes Forbes Pollock; a 31, 1934, after a notable missionary brother, Rev. J. B. Pollock of Garner, Woman's Home Missionary Society, career of 35 years. Dr. Noss was an Iowa, and a sister, Miss Mary Pol- New York East Conference, St. honored missionary of the Reformed lock, of Ontario, Canada. Mark's Church, Brooklyn, N. Y. Church in the United States. A week May 2-5 – Young Men's Missionary before Christmas he had gone to ••• Congress under the auspices of the Aomori Prefecture to fill engagements Laymen's Missionary Movement, for his son, Rev. George S. Noss, who Prof. Johannes DuPlessis, of Stel- Chicago. was ill with pneumonia. On Christ- lenbosch Theological College, South May 21-23-National Council of Fed- mas night he held a communion serv- Africa, died on February 16. Prof. erated Church Women. Annual ice and the next day he suffered a DuPlessis was a teacher and traveler Meeting. Rochester, N. Y. stroke. The funeral service was held and the author of several authorita- May 22-General Assembly United at Sendai on January 5. tive books on Africa. His "Christ Presbyterian Church, Akron, Ohio. Through the Dark Continent," pub- May 23-General Assembly, Presby- **• lished in 1917, gives an interesting terian Church in the U. S. A., Cin- record of a 17,000-mile journey, tra- cinnati, Ohio. Frank Lenwood, formerly a secre- versing Africa by different routes. May 26-Rural Life Sunday. tary of the London Missionary So- He also wrote a "History of Chris- May 30-General Assembly, Presby- ciety died on September 6, 1934. tian Missions in South Africa," which terian Church in the U. S., Mon- From 1909 to 1912 he was a mission- is an encyclopedic account and survey treat, N. C. ary in Benares; when in 1912 ty- June 9-1S-Church Conference of So- phoid invalided him home, he was ap- • • of the work. cial Work, Montreal, Canada. pointed one of the Foreign Secretaries, June 20-25-Northern Baptist Con- with special care of India and the • vention, Colorado Springs, Colorado. South Seas. He took a leading part June 26-July 2 – Winona Summer in the cooperative work of the British The Rev. George W. Marshall, a School of Missions, Winona Lake, Societies, and in the promotion of the missionary of the Presbyterian Board Indiana. International Missionary Co u n c i I. of Foreil!'n Missions, U. S. A., since July 2-7-International Christian En- When he retired from the L. M. S. at 1896, dicld at Canton, China, on Feb- deavor Convention, Philadelphia, fifty years of age he took the pastor- ruary 14, on the eve of his retirement. Pa. ate of a church in East London. He Mr. Marshall was born at Amesville, August 7-12-World Convention of was killed on September 6, while Ohio, in 1865, and received his higher the Disciples of Christ, Leicester, climbing the Aiguille d'Argentiere in education at Westminster College, Mo., England. and at McCormick Theological Sem- Switzerland. • • • inary. He was engaged in evangelis- II If you use tic work. Mrs. W. P. Thirkield, wife of ••• PRINTING Bishop Thirkield of the Methodist Church, died in a Brooklyn hospital, The Best Loved Korean YOU will profit from an ac- February 14. Mrs. Thirkield was quaintanceship with us. We long an active worker in the Meth- Dr. O. R. Avison, founder and first do the job complete in our own odist Church. Under her tenure of president of Chosen Christian College, plant, whether it be large or office as trustee of the Home Mission calls Dr. Yun Tchi Ho the "best small. Society, the annual budget of the So- known, best loved and most influential ciety was increased from less than man in Korea. The seventieth anni- While our specialty is Books, $1,000,000 to $3,000,000. After her versary of Dr. Yun (formerly called Magazines and Pamphlets, yet retirement she raised $50,000 in $1,000 Baron Yun) was celebrated last year we have a variety of modern in Seoul. A committee of seventy was equipment to meet all the re- • • gifts during a jubilee campaign. formed-thirty foreigners and forty quirements of your particular Korean Christians from all the job. You will find our service • churches represented in the country. prompt, careful and courteous. Each of these committee members was Dr. James Matthews Hoover, for asked to secure seven other members Will you allow us to estimate 32 years a missionary of the Meth- -making 560 in all-to whom were on your next printing ? We be- odist Episcopal Church to Chinese added special friends from England, lieve you will be delighted with emigrants in the wilds of Borneo, died America, Canada, China, Japan, Po- our product, price and service. in Singapore, Straits Settlements. land, Sweden and Switzerland.

The EVANGELICAL PRESS "Jim" Hoover, as he was affection- On November 15th the Chungdong ately known on three continents, con- Methodist Church of Seoul was filled Printers of tributed to the colonists' economic to overflowing to celebrate the anni- growth, as well to their education and versary of this Christian nobleman. In The Missionary Review of the World spiritual life. He helped in the de- the audience were Dr. Yun's aged velopment of the rubber industry in mother, his wife and twelve living PLANT AND MAIN OFFICE Borneo, introduced the first rice mill sons and daughters, in addition to Third Ind Reily Streets Hlrrlsburg, Pa. and the first saw mill – replacing government officials, missionaries, for- hand labor. He introduced the first eign consuls, business and professional ice-making machine, now replaced by men. a city refrigerating plant at Sibu. He took over, for the Rajah, the op- A two hundred and fifty page illus- eration of the Sarawak wireless sta- trated life of Dr. Yun has been writ- tion and made it an educational cen- ten by Dr. Kim Yung Huei, telling ter. His service has caused him to the fascinating story of this remark- be called the father of modern Sara- able man, who has been a Christian wak's industrial, educational and so- for over forty years. In the early days he suffered for his faith and for • • • cial development. many years has served his country in Dr. Alexander W. Pollock, medical diplomatic and cabinet posts, as a missionary of the United Presbyterian Christian educator, church officer, Church, died Qf a cerebral hemorrhage general secretary and president of the in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, on Febru- Y. M. C. A. He was a Korean dele- ary 25th. He spent 20 years in Egypt gate to the Edinburgh Missionary as a medical missionary and went to Conference in 1910. We plan to have Ethiopia ten years ago, where he be- an illustrated story of his life in an came a close friend of the emperor, early number of the REVIEW.

you know how it can be improved •••••••••••••

THE MISSIONARY tell the Editor. Here are some recent "1aciH.9 the e'r.isis 0t the REVIEW OF THE WORLD commendations. What do you think? eh'r.istiess ?nultitu~es11 DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Editor "We find more ways of using the VOL. LVIII APR., 1935 No.4 articles and the various departments Publication and Business Office– Third and Reily Sts., Harrisburg, Pa. all the time. Our Young people's Editorial and Executive Office– group have delighted in the illustra- 156 Fifth Avenue, New York City. Entered as second-class matter at tions." HARRIET E. DORMAN, Geneva, N. Y. Post Office, Harrisburg, Pa., under Under the Auspices of the Act of March 3, 18-79. "I advised a *wo*ma*n in Evansville, Indiana, to subscribe for your excel- W orId Dominion 25 cents a copy-$2.50 a year. Movement Foreign Postage, 50 cents a year. lent magazine. I would not wish to be Published monthly, except August. All rights reserved. Copyrighted 1935. without it myself." British agents – Marshall, Morgan MRS. THOMAS NICHOLSON, and Scott, 12 Paternoster Buildings, Mt. Vernon, Iowa, President, Wom- Great Missionary Evening London, E. C. 1 shilling per copy, an's Foreign Missionary Society, 10 shillings a year. Methodist Episcopal Church. Marble Collegiate Church MISSIONARY REVIEW PUB- LISHING CO., INC. Personal Items 29th and Fifth Avenue, New York City BOARD OF DIRECTORS April 11th, 1935, at 8 P. M. ROBERT E. SPEER, President WM. 1. CHAMBERLAIN, Vice-President Dr. Robert M. Hopkins, General Chairman: Robert E. Speer WALTER MCDOUGALL, Treasurer Secretary of the WorId's Sunday Speakers: Rev. K. Scott Latourette, D.D. DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Secretary School Association, is to visit Puerto Rico this spring in the interests of Rev. Iohn A. Mackay, Ph.D. SAMUEL MCCREA CAVERT creating an interdenominational de- Rev. Samuel M. Zwemer, D.D. MRS. ORRIN R. JUDD partment of religious education to be directed by an aggressive full-time A WORLD SURVEY WM. B. LIPPHARD secretary, with perhaps two associates ERIC M. NORTH trained especially for service in the Revealing the Present Unique Oppor- elementary and young people's divi- tunities for World-Wide Evangelism. JESSE R. W'ILSON sions. It is expected that the per- sonnel will be entirely national. The Potentialities of the Indigenous A. L. WARNSHUIS Church.

SAMUEL M. ZWEMER 7.30···MVSIC Editorial Chat *** Organ Recital .•••..•.. Richard T. Percy Solo Violin •••…•. Gizella Ehrenwerth Miss Ruth F. Woodsmall, who has NewYqrkYouth Center SymphonyOrchesua been a member of various commis- Conductor ..•.• Lee Olson sions studying social conditions and What topics, vitally related to the problems of the Near East and Orien- YOU AND YOUR FRIENDS ARE work of Christ at home or abroad, tal countries, and who for a number would you like to see presented in the of years has been identified with the . CORDIALLY INVITED pages of THE REVIEW? The field is so Young Women's Christian Association, has been elected General Secretary of World Dominion Offices the World Council of the Y. W. C. A. Her new duties will begin in Septem- New York City ber. Miss Woodsmall will watch over ••••••••••••• 156 Fifth Avenue great, the opportunities so vast, the the activities of nearly 5,000,000 wom- en in fifty lands. Indian girls still work so marvelous in many cases, that wearing the sari and playing tennis behind curtains; Japanese stenogwe have need for more than human raphers, German girls studying home economics, and Russian refugees in wisdom and vision in selecting topics the hostels of Istanbul learning to earn the Laymen's Missionary Movement. their living-all these will be included A number of nationally known misand authors. in her job. sionary leaders are' among the speak- ers. *** *** Again-do you know of remarkable Dr. Edward Hume, Secretary of and authenticated answers to prayer, the Central Bureau of Medical Mis- sions of the Foreign Missions Conferoutstanding cases of conversion and ence of North America, is visiting India to talk over with medical workthe transformation of communities, ers their problems.

notable types of Christlike work at The America*n o*ffice* of The World home and abroad, or effective meth- Dominion Movement, of which Miss Constance Brandon is the Internaods for stimulating missionary inter- tional Secretary, has been moved to 156 Fifth Avenue, New York. est in the youth or in the church at *•* home? Write the Editor about them *** Bishop Arthur J. Moor.e, of the or tell us who can describe them so Rev. Eugene C. Carder, D.D., as- Methodist Episcopal Church, South, has been assigned to the Orient, that REVIEW readers may be inter- sociate minister of Riverside Church, Europe and Africa for the next four years. After spending some time in ested and stimulated. New York, has been elected president Korea, Japan and China, he has gone to Wembo Nyama, Belgian Congo. The plans fo*r a *spe*cial Home Mis- of the Greater New York Federation of Churches, first Baptist head of the ••* sion number of THE REVIEW are taking shape. Among the twenty topics Federation. Dr. E. J. Pace, Christian cartoonist to be presented are: Home Missions and lecturer on Bible themes who was *** planning to make a tour of the world, Yesterday and Today; The Christian Jorge Bocobo, LL.D., leading was taken seriously ill in the French Youth Movements; The Opportunity Sudan, Africa. He wrote on January Methodist layman of the Philippine 13 saying that he is recovering and expected to return to America. After of the Christian Home; The Church Islands, has been inaugurated as a short rest in Florida he expects to be ready to take speaking engage- . and the Unemployed; Present. Day President of the University of the ments. Philippines, Manila, highest educa- Frontiers; The Church and the Crim- tional institution in the Islands, with inal; Rural Americans and the more than 7,000 students. He is also Church; New Americans and Their Children; Union and Cooperation in president of the National Christian Home Missions; Best Books on Home Council. Missions (annQtated and classified). ••• Do not miss this issue of THE RE- Prof. Arthur H. Compton, a Nobel prize winner in Physics, has been VIEW. Order copies for your mis- elected chairman of the· National sionary circle now. It is to be pub- Young Men's Congress which is called to meet in Chicago on May 2. lished May 25th. All Protestant churches are to par- ticipate in this congress sponsored by *** If you find [161 ] Are you a booster?

THE REVIEW helpful, tell your friends.

LATE LAPSLEY ARMSTRONG McAFEE POSTER OF THE YOUTH MOVEMENT

Used in the United Christian Youth Conferences. A pastor who sent from his church 114 members to full- time Christian service in 15 lands. (See page 175.) (See page 166.) AT THES'PUDENT CONFERENCE ON MISSIONS, HARTFORD, CONNECTICUT, MARCH 1 to 3, 1935. (See page 181.) THREE FORCES USED' TO ENLIST YOUTH IN THE SERVICE OF CHRIST (See pages 166, 175, 179 and 181) ORLD VOLUME LVIII AN INTERDENOMINATIONAL REVIEW OF WORLD-WIDE CHRISTIAN PROGRESS NUMBER FOUR APRIL, 1935 Topics of the Times THE RELIGIOUS CONFLICT IN MEXICO In fourteen states, with a total of over 6,000,- By a recent decree of President Cardenas all 000 population, no priests or clergy are permitted religious literature is barred from the mails in to officiate; in the other fifteen states and the Mexico. This probably means that Bibles, Chris- Federal District the proportion authorized is from tian tracts and religious newspapers cannot be circulated. The reason given is that since the one to thirty clergy for every 200,000 people.* postal service is an important agency for the dissemination of ideas, the Government will not al- These restrictive steps were taken by Mexico low its facilities to be used to transmit ideas con- only after repeated attempts had been made to trary to its own program for national culture. persuade the Papal hierarchy to cease its opposi- This program is distinctly socialistic and anti- tion to Government reform movements. religious-or at least non-religious. General Obregon, long before the religious laws This decree follows other Mexican laws limit- were rigidly enforced, when he saw the fierce Papal opposition to the program of the Revolu- tion, appealed to the Church as. follows: ing the number of clergy in each state, prohibiting I exhort you for the good of our people that you neither secular education by religious teachers, putting calumniate nor injure the progress of that essentially church property under the control of the State, Christian humanitarian program which the Government and forbidding foreign clergy to officiate in reli- seeks to develop in our country. Its oppressed classes have for many long and bitter years experienced sundry gious rites. According to the latest restrictions injusticeS and have missed the spirit of brotherhood and justice which should have prevailed in the directing upper private schools must not propagate any religious classes, who have neglected the noble part of man's mis- sion on earth and instead exerted all their efforts to pile creed. up their material fortunes. I assure you with all sin- The reasons for these restrictions and prohi- cerity that not only will you not encounter any ObStacle . bitions go back to the days of struggle for Mex- ican independence in 1810 when the Roman Cath- in carrying out the tenets of your religion in this country, olic Church took active sides with Spain and in but that you will have the sympathy of every Mexkan.

favor of the monarchists. The papal hierarchy But he appealed in vain. The Roman Catholic and the priests in Mexico have always been active authorities have bitterly opposed practically the in politics and through the great wealth in the whole educational and social program of the State hands of the Church, their private schools and -including socialized and sex education as well religious observances, they have exerted immense as the anti-religious socialism. Students in some influence over the unlettered masses. The fault universities-as in Guadalajara-have engaged in has been with the policies and activities of the strikes and demonstrations against the socialistic Roman Catholic Church which has always stood education and at one place 15,000 people joined for the supremacy of the Church and has antag- in the demonstration. onized Mexican leaders who have sought to promote reforms in politics, economic conditions and The Government is determined to control the education. No fault has been found with the education of Mexican youth and to create as ~ear­ Protestant mission work but this has naturally ly as possible a "totalitarian State," with a; discome under the general ban against all religious tinctly national culture and program. Their prom:.. propaganda. As a result evangelical, as well as ise of success is seen in the fact that a leading Catholic schools, have been closed and all religious educationalist of Teacher's College, ~ew York, 'as- work is being greatly hindered. * According to an unverified statement in Tite ~Chri8tian Century, [163 ]

serts that the Government is putting into effect three states which happen to be its least popu- "the most complete system of universal education lated. Schools and churches were closed in Sonora ever planned by any nation." The largest item but they are gradually being reopened. Recently in the national budget is not for war but for edu- the Presbyterian Mission in Yucatan was recation. quested to reopen its school without signing any kind of a document limiting its activities. Nu- In contrast to the Roman Catholic priests, the merous other Evangelical schools are open, as is Protestant missionaries have conformed to the the American school in Mexico City and many laws regulating their institutional work. While other private institutions. Daily Vacation Bible Evangelical Christians do not sympathize with schools were held last summer with great enthuanti-religious propaganda or the decrees against siasm in various parts of the Republic. Conferreligious liberty, some have spoken in defense of ences on religious education, with a faculty comthe radical reform movement. Dr. Victoriano D. posed of Professor G. Baez Camargo and various Baez, Director of the Methodist Boy's School in visitors, were held in San Luis, in the rural dis- Puebla and a translator of the New Testament, trict of San Miguel, Aguascalientes, and in Rio writes as follows: Verde. Young peoples' camps have also been de- veloped in various parts of the country under the Here in Mexico, facing the strong fanaticism and in- auspices of the Committee on Religious Education. tolerance which has ()Ccasioned unaccountable <l.rawbacks to society and infinite calamities to humble people, why As a matter of fact while institutional religious must- we be frightened at the Revolution? Do we not work is more difficult in Mexico, and some forms love the people and long fervently for their social and of propaganda are prohibited, there is almost unmoral redemption? Do we not have a social creed in the limited opportunity for truly Christian work, if body of our beliefs, extraordinarily advanced, humani- it is carried on by those who have spiritual aims tarian, Christian, in order to emphasize the teachings of and use spiritual methods. The Presbyterian mis- Jesus concerning the incomparable platform of love of sionaries in Mexico, after a survey of the situation one's neighbor? Of what are we frightened, therefore? last December, said: Do we fear that they will close our churches and oblige us to deny our beliefs? Nothing of this kind will hap- It is true that the recently approved amendment to the pen, we feel sure. Federal Constitution, proposed to root out "fanaticism" throughout the country, and that a group within the There are officials in the Federal and State gov- official circle wishes to wipe out all religion, but another ernments who are far from antagonistic to all powerful group within that same circle is definitely aimreligion. Evangelical leaders are convinced that ing to exterminate the fanaticism engendered by the Rothe most effective way to cooperate with them man Catholic system, while leaving the people free to find and to overcome any tendency to persecution, or true religion. curtailment of religious liberty by the State, is not by protests and interference from the United We are convinced that, in spite of the apparent diffi- States, not by economic or social boycott, but by culties in the way of Christian work, Mexico is in reality a manifestation of understanding and sympathy more open than ever before to the message of the Gospel with the best Mexican aims to purify politics, to when presented in a direct, personal way, apart from promote education and reform and to raise the ecc1esiasticalism and other non-essentials. The opportunieconomic, moral and social status of the people. ties for personal work are unlimited. From all sides Protestant missionaries are true friends of the comes the testimony that it is easier to interest people in Mexicans. They are working only for their bene- the Bible than it ever has been. We believe that if the fit, not from any selfish or unworthy motive, and various Missions and Churches take due advantage of the will cooperate with the Government in any way present opportunities, we shall see astounding results in that will advance righteousness, peace, culture, the next few years. Our present difficulties have mostly and prosperity. to do with the impossibility of continuing certain old methods of work in some parts of the field, rather than The Methodist Episcopal Board of Foreign Mis- with the essential matter of the propagation of the Gossions, in declining to join in any united protest pel itself. to the Mexican Government, made this statement: THE STRUGGLE IN SPAIN While we regret curbs on free speech and on religious liberty, we believe that true religion alone can promote Recent disturbances in Spain were chiefly due and support those moral standards, both individual and to the efforts of the Catholic Party to gain consocial, upon which an enduring nation can be built. To trol of the Government, thus endangering the rethis end, real liberty and social enlightenment must ever ligious liberty and other ideals for which Spaninclude freedom of conscience in the worship of God. We iards contended in the revolution of 1931. The are convinced, however, that the type of action now being Spanish people do not object to having Roma'u urged in Congress not only endangers friendly relations Catholics in the Government-Niceto Alcala Zawith our neighbors to the South, but also serves no good mora, elected president by the Republicans, is a purpose for the furtherance of essential religious liberty devout Catholic. The protest is against the activiin Mexico. ties of Catholic monarchists who seek to reestab- lish a monarchy. The Catholic Party is accused Both Catholic and Protestant churches are open generally in Mexico, with the exception of two or

TOPICS OF THE TIMES

of trying to prevent the carrying out of laws gelistic campaign to present Christ to the working and ideals on the basis of which the Spanish Re- classes of Spain. He writes: "If we could only public was established three years ago, and for cover the whole of Spain so as to bring the Gospel this reason Liberals are opposed to having leaders of Jesus Christ to the people, Spain would reof the Catholic Party as secretaries of the De- spond. A new mood is taking hold of the common partments of Labor and Justice. people-a mood that is looking toward Christ rather than toward Karl Marx." The Socialist and Syndicalist Parties in Spain number over two million while those registered A YOUNG MEN'S MISSIONARY CONGRESS in the Catholic Party number only 50,000 voters. General strikes have been promoted by the Social- Three of the events in the past half century ists and Communists as a result of the Catholic that have most powerfully stimulated interest and political activity. Bombs, shootings and general activity in world-wide Christian missions have riots resulted in many deaths and in the destruc- been the formation of the Student Volunteer tion of much property. Dr. Juan Orts-Gonzales, Movement in 1886, the Ecumenical Missionary who was in Spain during the disturbances, de- Conference held in New York in 1900, and the clares that most of the stories of horrible cruelties establishment of the Laymen's Missionary Moveperpetrated by the revolutionaries are untrue. ment in 1910. The first enlisted educated youth, The same authority says that ·Spain "has now the second awakened the Church as a whole, and repudiated both communism and violence"; that the third aroused Christian laymen to a more the Socialist leaders advocate legal methods of sympathetic and adequate support of the work. obtaining their ends; that the present Govern- All were born in prayer, and were promoted by ment is stronger and more republican than ever. prayer and sacrifice; they were based on faith in the Bible as the Word of God, in Jesus Christ as The religious situation in Spain is not reassur- the Son of God and in the need of all men for ing for the masses are still ignorant of Christ salvation through His atoning work on the Cross. and too often link Him up with a political papal party and with greedy capitalism. There is need Today one of the greatest needs is a new awakfor a clearer revelation of Christ and His Gospel ening among the young men of the Churchto supply the moral and spiritual needs and long- potential leaders of tomorrow. They are generings of the people. ally interested in making a better world but if they are not intelligently and sacrificially com- One of the outstanding Spanish leaders of en- mitted to the program and ideals of Christ at lightened thought is Prof. Miguel de Unammo home and abroad, who is to carryon the work? who has been made life rector of the University of Madrid, and who is recognized as representing To bring together young men who are interthe best qualities of the Spanish race. In a lec- ested in the missionary enterprise, and to enlist ture, delivered before the President of the Repub- others, a "National Young Men's Missionary Conlic and of the members of the Government, he gress" is to be held in Chicago from May 2d quoted from the Gospel of John and said: "Have through May 5th. This is a fitting way to mark faith in the Word; be men of God, the supreme the twenty-fifth anniversary of the Laymen's King and supreme Word. Let Him recognize us Missionary Movement under whose auspices the as belonging to Him in Spain." To the Roman congress will meet. Prof. Arthur H. Compton Catholic leaders he said in a widely published of the University of Chicago, the well-known winarticle: "If you had preached Christ as a friend ner of the Nobel award in physics, is chairman of of the poor and humble, instead of a friend of the the Committee on Arrangements. Other promiwealthy and powerful; a friend of sinners in- nent Christian laymen, pastors and executives are stead of a friend of aristocrats, then they would also cooperating with Mr. F. J. Michel, executive have accepted the Christ of the Gospel." secretary of the Movement.

Spain is not dead to moral and religious truth The general theme announced is "Jesus Christ but is greatly in need of the Christ as He is and the World Today." This will be presented by presented in the New Testament. Dr. Juan Orts- addresses by well-known speakers and its various Gonzales and Rev. Juan Vanetto of Argentina phases considered· in a series of twenty simulhave recently conducted fruitful evangelistic cam- taneous group meetings under the leadership of paigns-especially for Protestants. Roman Cath- Dr. Cleland B. McAfee of New York and Rev. olics and Communists have also been reached and C. O. Hawley of Indianapolis. The four main in one city forty-four young men came forward topics to be discussed at the platform meetings and gave their names to form an evangelical will be (1) The world's need and the forces bid- Christian society for worship and service. Dr. ding for world power; (2) our heritage as sons Ortz-Gonzales is seeking the cooperation of Christian labor leaders in England to carryon an evan-

of missionary forefathers; (3) our Christian re- The genesis of the United Youth Programsources and (4) the power of Christ. "Christian Youth Building aNew World"-may be traced back to Toronto in June, 1930, when Among the twenty-four speakers who have al- young people from many Christian agencies in ready agreed to take part in the congress are North America picked up "the trail" which "led President Ralph C. Hutchison of Washington and from a wooden cross on Calvary among the hills of Jefferson College, Dr. Robert E. Speer and Dr. Jerusalem down across the burning sands and des- Ralph E. Diffendorfer of New York, Mr. Living- erts of the world." Following this trail, these young stone P. Moore of Summit, N. J., Dr. C. Darby people have deepened their understanding and Fulton of Nashville, Rev. Leonard Outerbridge of appreciation of Jesus Christ, the Master of men Boston and Rev. Roy M. Burkhart of Columbus. and the Saviour of the World. They have en- visioned the world that would be if He were truly Men today, probably as never before, recognize Master of men in every phase of life. They have the chaotic condition of the world and the need sensed anew the disasters due to man's sin and for a Saviour with a divine program and with the selfishness and his indifference to God. wisdom and power of God. Political, economic, social and intellectual remedies will not suffice to The conference program in each of the twentysave us from destruction. Spiritual life is needed eight cities included discussion groups to study to change individuals and to bring men into har- nine projects: mony with God and His program. To change America, or anyone nation, is not sufficient; all Developing a Program of Personal Christian Living men and all nations must be changed. Who but Helping Other Young People to be Christians God can effect such a transformation? This pro- Cooperation in Bringing About World Peace gram of change represents the purpose and pro- Working to Help Solve the Liquor Problem gram of the whole missionary movement. Helping to Build a Christian Economic Order Providing a Constructive Use of Leisure Time Dr. John R. Mott, who was present at a pre- Being Christian with Other Racial and Cultural Groups liminary meeting to launch the Congress, writes: Preparing for Marriage and Home Life "The timeliness and importance of the Young Developing a Christian Type of Patriotism Men's Congress continues to grow on me. It is highly desirable that each of our Christian com- These topics were freely discussed by leaders munions shall put forth extraordinary efforts to of varied views, not doctrinally but to reach a be represented by the very flower of our younger practical Christian point of view. Many, possibly lay forces. It will do more to help solve the many most, of the young people had first to learn what problems that press upon our churches than any it is to be a Christian and what are the basic single measure I could emphasize." teachings of Christ in reference to these various problems. They were urged to study and to pray The success of this Congress depends. on three in order to find wisdom and power in Christ. things: (1) the spiritual character and messages of the speakers; (2) the ability to bring together The United Youth Conferences were held under a truly representative number of earnest young the joint auspices of the Department of Evangelmen who will respond to the call of Christ, and ism of the Federal Council, the Youth Section of (3) the amount and vitality of prayerful prepara- the International Council of Christian Education, tion for the guidance of God and to insure the and the International Society of Christian Enmanifestation of His power in the Congress and deavor, these interdenominational agencies workin its outcome. ing in cooperation with the local churches and Christian youth organizations of each city. In CHRISTIAN YOUTH CONFERENCES all some fifty-four organizations cooperated-de- nominational and interdenominational- in the It is essential to win the youth to Christ and to conferences held in Cincinnati, (Ohio); J acksonenlist them in His service, not only for their own ville, Elgin, Carbondale, and Springfield, (Ill.); sake but in order that they may help make Amer- Richmond, (Va.); Clarksburg, (W. Va.); New ica Christian and that they may have a part in York City, Washington, St. Louis, Kansas City, bringing the world into harmony with Christ's Lincoln, Denver, Chicago, Des Moines, Huron (S. program. To enlist American youth in this cam- D.); Minneapolis, Seattle, Portland; Berkeley paign a series of conferences have been held in and Los Angeles, (Calif.); Louisville, Nashville, twenty-eight cities across the continent, from Jan- Chattanooga, Birmingham, Baltimore, Boston and' uary 4 to March 31. Over 30,000 young people Philadelphia. Youth of all denominations and have been reached through these conferences races, between the ages of sixteen and twentywhich have been attended by high school and col- four, were invited to attend and take part in the lege students, young people in business and others discussions. The result was naturally a wide difconnected with churches of all denominations. ference in views on many points but "Findings" were drawn up to conserve the results.

at the

By the REV. WILLIAM ARTHUR STANTON, D.D. Jse-.- -ot!it Kurnool, India Missionary of the American Baptist Telugu Mission Since 1892 ENGLAND is now grappling with the greatest of their country. These Reforms, however, did . . constitutional problem that ever faced the not satisfy Indian aspiration. Accordingly, in British Empire. On November 21, 1934, the 1927 Government appointed a Parliamentary Joint Select Committee on Indian Constitutional Commission, of which Sir John Simon was Chair- Reforms presented its Report to Parliament and man, with instructions to make a first-hand study to the British nation. The Report was awaited of conditions in India and report to Parliament both in England and in India with intense inter- what further advance could be made in Indian est. To secure for it the widest possible circula- constitutional reforms. Unfortunately Indians tion, the Report was published simultaneously in were given no representation on that Commission. England and in India and sold at the nominal price Consequently on its arrival in India the Commisof a shilling a copy. So great was the demand sion was boycotted by the Nationalist Party. that it at once became a "best seller," the first Though the Commission made a very exhaustive edition being exhausted in a few hours. study of the Indian constitutional problem, cov- ering two years and the whole of India, and though Planting the Seeds a very able and statesmanlike Report was sub- It is important to remember that this Report mitted to Parliament, it met with a very unsymis not an isolated attempt on the part of Great pathetic and even hostile reception in India. Britain to introduce constitutional reforms into India, but the culmination of a long and persist- Finally Government decided to call a Round ent process of training in self-government. For Table Conference in London, composed of delea century and a half, through her schools and col- gates from British India, Rulers of the Native leges modeled on Western lines, her free institu- States and members of Parliament, all sitting on tions and laws, her system of equal justice and an equality, for the consideration of the Indian enlightened administration, Great Britain has constitutional problem. This Conference was been teaching India the arts of government. In called in the Fall of 1930. It was opened amid the fertile soil of the East she has sown the seeds scenes of great splendor by His Majesty, the Kingof democracy and inculcated the ideas of liberty, Emperor in person and presided over by the Prime justice and equality. Those ideas are germinating Minister. The Indian constitutional problem, today. A tremendous impetus was imparted to however, proved to be so complex and baffling that this movement by the Great War in which Indian one conference was not sufficient, and between troops fought side by side with British soldiers 1930 and 1933 no less than three Round Table in the fields of France and Egypt and Mesopo- Conferences were held. On the basis of the recomtamia, shedding their blood in" a common cause. mendations of these Conferences, in 1933 Govern- In that great crisis in human history India demon- ment issued a White Paper, presenting a draft strated on the battlefield her loyalty to the King- constitution for India. This draft scheme was in Emperor. In recognition of India's service and turn referred to a Joint Select Committee of Parin line with past constitutional development, on liament to consider and report to Parliament. August 20, 1917, the Secretary of State for India The Committee was composed of members of both made his f"amous declaration in Parliament: Houses of Parliament, representing the three po- litical parties of England and was presided over The policy of His Majesty's Government is that of the by Lord Linlithgow. The personnel of the Com- mittee was most distinguished, consisting of three increasing association of Indians in every branch of the ex-Viceroys of India, three former Secretaries of State for India, three former Under Secretaries administration and the gradual development of self-gov- of State for India, two ex-Governors of Indian Provinces, four members of the Simon Commiserning institutions with a view to the progressive realiza- sion and other Parliamentarians who had given tion of responsible government in India as an integral part of the British Empire. .

In pursuance of this policy, in 1919 the Mon- tagu-Chelmsford Reforms were introduced, giv- long service to India. Also as members of the ing Indians a much larger share in the government Committee were the Archbishop of Canterbury, [ 167]

Lord Derby and Sir Austin Chamberlain, who ciples for which every Indian who has been in had not been definitely associated with Indian af- consultation with us fought, viz. Provincial autofairs. The Committee sat for eighteen months, nomy, All-India federation, brought about in a held hundreds of meetings and took volumes of comprehensive scheme, not stage by stage, and a testimony from representatives of all classes and scheme which they will find contains in every all interests in India and from all political parties chapter seeds for future growth." in England. Sir Samuel Hoare, Secretary of State for India, appeared before the Committee as a Reception of the Report in Britain witness for nineteen days and answered over six thousand questions. It may safely be said that A Minority Report is presented by the five Lanever in the history of Parliament has so much bor members of the Committee, specifying that expert knowledge been brought to bear on any Dominion Status shall be definitely stated and great Imperial question. pledged in the Constitution as the goal of India~ a goal to be reached gradually and without fur- The New Constitution for India ther Act of Parliament.

The Report recommends a constitution in many In Britain the Report was taken with great respects similar to our own. It calls for an All- seriousness, in keeping with the magnitude of the India Federation or, as we would say in America, issues involved. The conservative papers of the a United States of India. The Federation is to extreme wing were critical and apprehensive that consist of eleven Provinces of British India, two the Report went too far. On the other hand, The of which are now created in deference to strong Daily Herald, organ of the Labor Party, declares Indian demand, and the Native States. The Prov- that the Report is "shot through with timidity inces, as well as the Native States, are to be au- and distrust." With these exceptions, however, tonomous, having full control of all provincial British papers agree that the Report is a statesaffairs. The Provincial Government is to consist man-like document of great weight and authority. of the Governor, his Cabinet of Ministers and the The Daily Telegraph says, "The Report will rank Legislature. All departments of government, in- as one of the greatest State documents of all time." cluding that of Law and Order, are to be in charge The Times characterizes the Report as "massive of Indian Ministers, chosen by the Legislature, to and closely reasoned" and says, "The first impreswhom also the Governor is to be amenable. The sion is the weight of authority behind the Report." Federal Government is to consist of the Governor- It also emphasizes the fact that the main prin- General, his Ministers and the Federal Legisla- ciples of the government scheme, viz. Provincial ture. The Departments of Defense, Foreign Af- autonomy, All-India federation and responsibility fairs and Ecclesiastical Affairs are reserved to at the center, have stood the most searching test. the Governor-General. All other departments are The News Chronicle says, "The Constitution is to be in charge of Indian Ministers, chosen by the not unqualified self-government, but it is at least Legislature. The Federal Legislature is to be a vast step toward self-government. Worked with composed of an Upper and a Lower House, the honesty and goodwill, it should lead to the sub- Lower House to have 375 members of whom 125 stance. Indian opinion would be wise to give it are to be chosen by the Princes and the remainder a fair triaL" A Canadian paper says, "The Canaby British India. Election to the Lower House is dian Confederation of 1867 pales into insignifito be made by the Provincial Legislatures. In cance beside it." A South African paper charaddition to the reservation of Defense, Foreign acterizes it as "a great and noble venture for the Affairs and Ecclesiastical Affairs, the constitution good of India." provides for safeguards, giving special powers to the Governors and the Governor-General, to be Soon after the publication of the Report, Stanexercised in case of grave emergency. The elec- ley Baldwin called a meeting of the Conservative torate is to be increased from seven millions to Party, of which he is the leader, to consider what thirty-five millions, of whom six millions are to should be the attitude of the Party toward the be women. A Reserve Bank is to be established Reform proposals. Led by Winston Churchill and for the maintenance of the financial stability and Lord Lloyd, the die-hards or extreme'Tories in credit of the country. Also there is to be a Su- the Party had worked up a strong opposition to preme Court for the whole of India. Burma is to the Reforms and were loudly asserting that the be separated from India and given a similar con- proposals of Gevernment would lead to disaster. ' stitution. Commenting on the terms of the Con- In the course of the discussion on the resolution, stitution, Sir Samuel Hoare, Secretary of State the Marquis of Salisbury, Winston Churchill and for India, says: "Let Indians mark that they now Sir Henry Page Croft made violent attacks on the have offered in this scheme three essential prin- policy of Government predicting the direst con- sequences. Summing up the issues in a great speech in reply, Stanley Baldwin sounded this

INDIA AT THE CROSSROADS

warning to his countrymen: "Today you have a along constitutional lines. Mahatma Gandhi has good chance of keeping India forever in the Em- withdrawn from Congress and from political ac- pire. If you refuse her this opportunity for self- tivities and is now devoting himself to the social government, you will inevitably lose India, what- and economic uplift of his country. With a few ever you do, before two generations are passed." notable exceptions Congressmen who were put in His speech saved the day. By a vote of 1102 to jail have been released. The fires of the Terrorist 390, a majority of three to one, the Conservative Movement in Bengal are still smoldering and, in Party voted to support Government in its policy fact, are not likely to be quenched until a substan- of giving self-government to India. This victory tial form of self-government is given. But India practically assures the passage of the bill through as a whole is quiet. The Viceroy, Lord Willington, Parliament. addressing the Central Legislature at Delhi on Reception in India August 29, 1934, made these impressive remarks: "The curtain has fallen, I hope finally, on the In India the Nationalist press and leaders raised civil-disobedience movement. That happy result a storm of protest. The Congress Party at once I do not attribute so much to the action taken by called a meeting and moved to fight for the rejec- Government as to the sturdy good sense of the tion of the Report, characterizing it as "retro- mass of the people of India. They recognize that grade," "reactionary" and "framed in a spirit of true progress cannot be secured by carrying on suspicion and distrust." The Bombay Chronicle an unmeaning and futile struggle with constitusays, "The Report is an insult to India." The tional authority or by revolutionary methods." Ananda Patrika, "The Report will satisfy none." What, then, will India do with the new Constitu- The Leader, "The scheme is unworthy of England tion? That is the momentous question of th~.hour. to offer and of India to accept." Even moderate opinion is dissatisfied. Mr. C. Y. Chintamani Congress or the Indian Nationalist Party, (Liberal) says, "The whole scheme is unaccept- though having abandoned unconstitutional methable to progressive Indian opinion." Mr. P. N. ods, still holds firmly to the avowed objective of Sapru (member of Council of State) says, "The complete independence for India, even demanding proposed reforms are not calculated to satisfy any control of the army and foreign affairs, which section of responsible opinion." Sir P. S. Siva- are reserved subjects under the new Constitution. swamy Ayyar and other leading Liberals of Mad- In the recent elections to the Central Assembly, to ras, in a joint statement, say that unless the the surprise of all, Congress won sweeping vicscheme can be radically altered and improved, "it tories and consequently will enter the new Aswill fail to satisfy the people of India or bring sembly with a very strong representation. The political peace and contentment." Sir Tej Baha- Party is sure to move the rejection of the new dur Sapru, the outstanding advocate of constitu- Constitution. Fortunately, her strength is limited tional reform in India and leading support.er of constitutionally, and unless she can win over other the Government scheme as set forth in the White parties to her side, she is not likely to wreck the Paper, cabled to the News Chronicle of London as Constitution.

follows: The Liberal Party and the Moslems The Report has been conceived in an over-cautious spirit The goal of the Liberal Party is not independand the Committee have been more anxious to conciliate ence but Dominion Status. Its members value the English Conservatives than India, and have accordingly benefits of the British connection and think that intensified the conservative character of the constitution. India can best attain to her high destiny as a No wonder that even middle-minded Indians will feel dis- member of the British Commonw€alth of Nations. appointed, Enthusiasm over the Report is out of the While recognizing that the attainment of this end question, and while I anticipate strong criticism from pro- must be by successive stages and that there must gressive moderate elements, I feel sure that the Congress be in the nature of the case a transition period, with its renewed strength in the Assembly will move its rejection.

The Reforms or Revolution? no form of constitution would satisfy them which did not have Dominion Status as its goal. As the From one point of view it may be said that Hon. Snivivasa Sastriar, one of the leading Libconditions in India at large are more favorable erals of Madras, puts it, "We must make Dominfor the reception of the reforms than ever before. ion Status a test of th€ reforms, and if they fail After a conflict of fourteen years with Govern- to satisfy that test we must not hesitate to dement with the weapons of boycott and non-vio- nounce them as a breach of faith." Now the prolence, the Indian Congress or Nationalist Party posed Constitution as drafted makes no reference has at last awakened to the realities of the situa- to Dominion Status. The word is not even found tion and abandoned civil-disobedience as a policy, in the voluminous Report. Remembering the decproposing now to enter the Legislatures and work laration of Lord Irwin when he was Viceroy in

1929, that "the natural issue of Indian constitu- ing statement of Mr. H. M. J aganatham, member tional progress is the attainment of Dominion of the Madras Legislative Assembly, may be tak- Status," and the declaration of the Prime Min- en: ister to the same effect at the First Round Table Conference, the omission has profoundly disturbed The recommendations of the Joint Select Committee are the Indian mind. It is all the more marked in in the best interests of India in general and the minority view of the fact that' the Minority Report, pre- communities in particular. As a member of the Depressed sented by the Labor members, insists that Domin- Class community and as one who is striving to secure for ion Status as the goal should be incorporated in them the maximum advantages, I offer my profound thanks the Constitution and definitely pledged to India. to the members of the Committee who have gone into every On that point Sir Tej Bahadur Sapru, the leading question affecting the future of India and arrived at conconstitutional lawyer in India and former member clusions which would place India on the sure and steady of the Viceroy's Council, clearly takes his stand: path of constitutional advancement. "I agree with Labor that Dominion Status must be definitely pledged and India planted firmly on Will the Princes Come In? the road. Nothing has shaken India's faith more than the repeated attempts in Parliament to dis- The Native States, numbering over six hunown the Prime Minister's and the Viceroy's dec- dred and comprising one-third of the territory and larations. It is all the more necessary now to one-fourth of the population of India, some of assure her that her position and powers will not them as large as European nations, occupy an imbe lower than those of a Dominion." With that portant and strategic position in Indian national assurance the support of the Liberal Party would life. What, then, is the attitude of the rulers of not be in doubt. these states toward the proposed reforms? Brit- ish statesmen have long dreamed of an Indian The Moslems in India, numbering seventy mil- federation in which this vast and heterogeneous lions, may be relied upon to support the Consti- mass of diverse races and nations which we call tution, with the possible exception of the small India would be welded into a unity, but that dream body in the Congress Party. Though dissatisfied has ever remained unfulfilled. Even the Simon with some features of the Report, they know that Commission, though impressed with the potentialit is in their interest to accept it. Under the terms ities of such a scheme, dismissed it as beyond the of the new Constitution, one-third of British India realm of practical politics. But at times in the seats in the Central Legislature are allotted to life of nations events move with startling rapidity. Moslems, and in many other ways their interests And so it was in this case. At the opening of the are safeguarded. The Moslem papers in general First Round Table Conference in London in N0support the Reforms. Sir Mohammed Usman vember, 1930, when the delegates from India and Sahib, one-time acting Governor of Madras and England were assembled in St. James Palace, the one of the leading Moslems of India, says: "The Princes made their historic declaration, signify- Report is conceived in a generous spirit towards ing their willingness to join an All-India federa- India. The advance proposed is real and very tion.. Speaking on behalf of his fellow Princes, great. I particularly welcome the transfer of Law the Maharajah of Bikinir expressed his convicand Order to Ministers, without which there would tion that "the States would make their best conbe no real Provincial autonomy. The safeguards tribution to the greater prosperity and contentsuggested are very necessary. We must all work ment of India as a whole in a federal system of the new Constitution in a spirit of cooperation Government composed of the States and British and good-will toward Great Britain." India." This statement changed the whole politi- cal picture in an instant, lifted the Conference to Hope for the Depressed Classes a new level, far above party considerations, and by a master-stroke laid the foundations of the The Depressed Classes, numbering sixty mil- constitutional structure which is before Parlialions, cannot fail to recognize the new Constitu- ment today. tion as a boon to their down-trodden community. Taking Madras as an example, out of a total of But that was four years ago. The Constitution 215 seats in the Legislative Assembly, the De- provides that the federation shall not come into pressed Classes are given in the proposed Consti- existence until the rulers of not less than half of tution no less than thirty seats. Adding to these the population of the States and entitled to not the nine seats assigned to the Indian Christians, less than half the seats allocated to the States in most of whom are of outcaste extraction, they the Federal Upper Chamber have signified their would have a total of 39 seats or 18% of the total desire to accede. The question, then, arises, number of seats in the Assembly. As an expres- whether or not this condition will be fulfilled. sion of this community on the reforms, the follow- Since the original declaration was made some of the Princes have appeared to be opposed to the federal scheme and others lukewarm in their in- terest. But it may safely be said that the federal

plan still holds the field. Only last month Sir five years of distinguished service in a very diffi- Samuel Hoare in the House of Commons said, "I cult time in India. "I may say from what I have have no reason to suppose the Princes have in any seen in Madras and at Simla that I am personally way altered their position." Though accession to optimistic and believe that a solution can be found the federation on the part of the Princes is en- such as to make India a happy and contented tirely voluntary, self-interest, if nothing else, must partner of the British Empire." And then speak- inevitably bring them in. A State outside of the ing of the able Indian administrators with whom federation, with no voice in the formation of an he had been associated in Madras, he humorously All-India policy would find itself hopelessly handi- added that he looked forward to the day when he capped. Furthermore, all the larger and more would hear that one of his friends from Madras important States such as Hyderabad, Mysore, was going to be the first Prime Minister of India!

Bikinir, Baroda, Kashmir and many others stand The Call of the Hour firmly by the federation plan. Less than two months ago the Dewan, or Prime Minister, of My- The hour calls for bold and courageous action sore, which is one of the largest and most progres- on the part of Great Britain. India is moving sive of the Indian States, addressing the Mysore swiftly these days. She is thoroughly awake and Representative Assembly, said, "It is necessary aroused. No half measures will now suffice. What for us all to pull together and to do everything would have satisfied her a decade ago will not satthat is possible to make Mysore a worthy unit of isfy her now. Five years ago the Congress Party the federation of the future." This fairly repre- stood for Dominion Status. Now they are revolusents the attitude of a large majority of the Indian tionaries demanding independence. It may not be States. possible-it will not be possible-to satisfy the India's Opportunity Extremists. But the great mass of the Indian peo- General Smuts, former Prime Minister of South ple are not Extremists. The heart of India is sound Africa, on a recent visit to England said, "My and still clings with loyalty and devotion to the message to India would be to work the reforms great nation to which, in the Providence of God, successfully and so prepare themselves for the she has been bound for two centuries. To this' next stage." No wiser counsel could be given in body of sensible and moderate opinion in India, this critical hour than this word spoken by a Great Britain must now appeal. England is strong great friend of India. That the proposed consti- and powerful. She can afford to be generous. But tution represents a great advance in self-govern- the cooperation of India is essential. The new ment in India no fair-minded man can deny. It is Constitution must be worked by the people and, not all that India desires or may fairly claim. It if it is to be successful, it must be worked with is true that the safe-guards loom large, but, as the good-will and contentment. No constitution can Committee points out, these are designed only for be forced on a country at the point of the bayonet. grave emergencies and would not ordinarily be The legitimate aspiration of India must be met. brought into use; and even when the Governor That aspiration can be satisfied only with real, exercises his special powers it would be in con- responsible government, or Dominion Status, as sultation with his Ministers. Furthermore, the its goal. Full and frank assurance of this should Constitution is still in its formative stage. The be embodied in the constitution beyond all manner Bill is now before Parliament and as it is debated of doubt. This would then form a rallying point in Parliament during the ensuing months, it will for all men of goodwill and carry the great underbe subject to modification, revision and amend- taking through to a successful issue. ment. During this period, then, let India fight for her rights with stout heart and good courage, In 1907 Great Britain boldly and generously seeking to get all that she can, and then accept the granted self-government to the ex-Boer Republic, final verdict with cheerful spirit and determina- though counsels of timidity and worldly wisdom tion to prove herself worthy of the Constitution dictated far otherwise. That act of faith won the which has been given her. The statement of the heart of' the Boers and saved South Africa for Select Committee is quite true. "The success of a the British Empire. And now once again, in the constitution depends far more upon the manner course 9f human events, Great Britain is called and spirit in which it is worked than upon its upon to exercise that same faith and, by a great formal provisions." act of statesmanship, to bind India to herself in lasting ties of friendship as a free partner in the In November last Sir George Stanley, Governor British Commonwealth of Nations.

of Madras and for a time acting Viceroy of India, The Outlook for Christianity at the farewell meeting given in his honor on the eve of his departure for England, uttered these ".. What, then, is· the outlook for Christianity hopeful words, spoken out of the experience of under the Reforms. Some view the future with

fear and apprehension. When once the protecting ment of that liberty, we believe that she needs hand of Great Britain is removed, what will be most of all the guiding hand of God and the up- the fate of Christian Missions? Having seized lifting and transforming power of Christ.

the reins, will India tolerate Christian propa- A short time ago there was a unique gathering ganda? Will not the proud spirit of the Brahmin in the ashram of the great Bengali poet, Sir assert itself and sweep away the last vestige of Rabindhra Nath Tagore, at Santiniketan (the the white man's religion? Abode of Peace). It was Christmas Eve. The Such thoughts are born of fear. For ourselves little company had gathered there, at the invita- we have faith in God. In the first place it must tion of the poet, to commemorate the birth of be remembered that after two centuries of strug- Christ. Think of it-a Christian service in a gle, Christianity is now firmly planted in the soil Hindu ashram in memory of Christ! How strange of India. It is no longer an exotic. The seed has and yet how fitting! Men of the East, as of old, been sown far and wide and already there is a bowing at the feet of Jesus! And as they were rich harvest. With six million Christians won gathered there the poet gave his message in these from every race and caste and religion in that words: "Let us bow to Jesus Christ who revealed great land, with her schools and colleges for the to man the divinity of love." While such homage education and training of Christian leaders, with is far from adequate surely the nation that thus a vast army of Indian workers set apart to Chris- bows reverently before Christ, led by one of the tian service and pushing out into every bazaar greatest of her sons, will finally come to claim and market-place, with an Indian Church, strong Him as her own.

and aggressive, rapidly growing in self-support and self-government, Christianity is well prepared to take her place as a vital force in the life of the A CALL TO PRAYER FOR INDIA Nation that is to be. Christian leaders and British Missionary socie- ties have issued a call to prayer for India in view Nor is this all. Far beyond numerical strength, of the great problems presented in the proposed outward organization and external forms, the new constitution. Strong opposing forces in Great vital force of Christianity has been at work now Britain and in India are lined up in the matter for two centuries, silently and irresistibly, in the of Dominion Status and home rule. What British hearts of the people and has wrought a revolu- statesmen offer, multitudes of Indians refuse to tion. The Bible has become one of the Sacred accept, and what Indian moderates demand, the Books of the Hindus and Christ is looked upon British believe will lead to widespread disorder. by multitudes as one of their Avatars. In the As the call to prayer says: "No skill of man can past Christianity has been handicapped by the bring peace to India or Great Britain or to any dominance of the foreigner. It has been tied, so other country, but only the will of God." to speak, to a Western power and entangled in the meshes of Western civilization. Freed from Prayer is asked especially for the Viceroy of this handicap, we may expect Christ to move on India and for governors of provinces, and for all to new victories and to lay still deeper hold on upon whom responsibilities will lie during the the mind and heart of India. coming period of transition, that they may have "a single eye to India's welfare and a sensitive In the second place, Christianity has always regard for her national honor." Pray "that all stood for freedom. Freedom is the very air it faults of temper, whether in Britain or India, breathes. In every land and among every people may be forgiven; and that they may not be al- Christians have befriended the downtrodden and lowed to blind the people to the genuine goodwill the oppressed and have struck off the shackles of which each feels for the other." the slave. As Christians, therefore, and followers of Him who came to set men free, we cannot fail to sympathize with this great people in their aspiration for liberty and self-government. We Dr. Azariah, the Bishop of Dornakal, reports must wish them well. We must stand by as friends that in a recent campaign to preach Christianity and helpers. We must wish for India the attain- to caste people, 2,693 villages were visited, nearly ment of her birthright as a free and self-govern- 12,000 men and women taking part in the caming people. As such we welcome the Reforms. paign; with the result that over 8,000 people in We see in them the working of the overruling nearly 300 villages have asked for further Chris- .

Providence of God. We see India taking her place tian instruction. The same story of spectacular among the nations of the earth as a free and in- advance is told by other missions in the same dependent people. We see her planted firmly on area, and the problem of teaching the great mass the road to liberty. And in the long and arduous of new Christians is one which is exercising the struggle which lies before her for the full attain- Churches and Missions concerned.

Christians Among the Telugus*

~I By REV. C. H. SMILEY, Bitaspur, C. p. Disciples of Christ Mission ~==========================~ T HE Sudras of the Telegu area are coming to New Testament given him by a school master. A Christ-already nearly thirty thousand in young village munsif was called through the read- number, including many of wealth and influ- ing of tracts on the "Cure for Sin" and "The True ence. Practically all the groups within the Sudra Shelter." Six years ago a young goldsmith had a caste from the highest to the lowest are now rep- dream in which he saw his heart before him with resented in the Church. Each year the movement all its sin. Then Christ appeared in a picture with is growing in force. wounded hands and feet and the words written, There are three main centres of the movement. "For you and the sinful world I have come. See In the Nizam's Dominions, Nirmal, beyond Medak, my hands."

the British Methodist field, is the center of a con- In the lower Sudra groups the movement takes siderable movement of caste people to Christ. on more of the characteristics of a group move- Both the caste and outcaste people are coming ment. The lives of these people have been affected together into the new fellowship. In the Church in the same vital way as the higher groups. They Missionary Society Kistna field of Madras many too have come seeking salvation. Many social influential Sudras have come and there is a long changes for the betterment of the groups are also list of enquirers. 'Jihe Yanadis, Waddaras, and evident. The nomadic groups have given up large- Erukulas of the lower Sudra groups are also com- ly their wandering life and show a tendency to ing in large numbers. The third important center settle in one place where regular worship may be adj oining the Kistna field is the Palnad area in held and their children educated. The groups the Lutheran and American Baptist Mission fields. subject to the Criminal Tribe Act show a noted Here the landlor~~ and village munsifs stand out improvement toward upright and honest lives. It prominently in the lists of converts. The move- is quite evident that they have caught something ment is also in its beginning in the Canadian of the ideals of the Christian way of life and have Baptist field in the north of the Presidency where realized that life must now be lived on a higher caste women at one center are coming and there ethical plane. A new life of inner peace, joy and are converts and enquirers from the fishermen purpose has come to these followers of Christ.

caste group. There are twenty-five other places Caste converts are also showing a changed at- where the movement is under way. titude towards Christians of Depressed Classes.

The Sudras are having a vital' experience of Caste lines are still held when it comes to inter- the transforming power of Christ in their lives. marriage although there are cases where caste Over large areas the change is manifest and the differences have been done away with even in joy and victory of the new experience is written marriage. Inter-dining is more common. The upon their countenances. Their coming is more most hopeful feature of the situation is the extent impressive when it is recalled that the Christian to which caste converts have accepted the leader- religion in this area has been associated with the ship in the Church of the Depressed Class and outcaste community. The radical changes brought now accept communion with them.

about in their lives have been evident so that ob- These Sudras coming to Christ undergo perse- servant Sudras have come to realize that Christ cution. It has not been easy for these influential alone can transform the lives of individuals and men and women to take this step and many hin- communities. drances were put in their way before baptism.

The element of the supernatural is evident in One man testified that his crops had been burned the conversion of many Sudras. When the mem- after his baptism. Another influential leader lost bers of the Sudra Movement Survey Team asked the right to a large inheritance of more than Rs.

the question, "Who chiefly influenced your deci- 40,000. One young man was denied the fellowship sion to become a Christian?" the reply from some of his home and family. Abuse has been heaped was "God." Others related experiences of the upon them, and some have been dragged into the miraculous in their conversions. One young courts under false charges. Yet in the great ma- Telugu made his decision through reading the jority of cases these new converts have remained • From the Indian 'Witness, January 24, 1935. faithful. Their faith has given them power to [173 ]

endure. Most of them have remained near their rejected, and downtrodden people of the Untouchrelatives throughout the persecution, with the re- able groups. sult in many places that the very persecutors have come to the feet of Christ. A caste leader, whose Today many leaders in the Church, schools, and son was baptized and was severely persecuted by the Sudra Movement have come from the outcaste an elder brother, stood by his son and was later community~ The Christian mission leaders have baptized. The elder brother was also converted taught them to worship the one true God. Christ through observing the new courage and change has become a reality to them and their lives have in the life of his relative. been transformed. Gradually the persecution les- sened when changes for the better became evident. Spreading the Good News The resentment of the caste people changed to amazement that such marvellous changes could Observers in the Sudra Movement areas are be wrought in the lives of those formerly hopeless deeply impressed by the spontaneous zeal of these people. More careful observation was made into converts in spreading the Good News to their the causes of these changes and gradually it relatives and friends. These influential men and dawned upon the Sudras that Christ alone was women are most zealous and courageous in their the transforming power. The Sudras began to witness to the unsaved around them. One caste read the record of Christ's life. There was furfamily was led to Christ by the daily life and ther observation and then finally acceptance of witness of a Christian servant girl in the home. the religion which had wrought such wonders. She read her Bible daily and taught the widowed There in the villages among the lowly and downdaughter of the family who soon became a be- trodden was God's great field of demonstration liever in Christ. These two then prayed together over a period of a half century and more. daily for the conversion of the mother, who soon gave up her idolatry and accepted Christ. The One Tamil Christian headmaster of more than three then won the father and aged mother in the thirty years residence in the Telugu area, when home and then began to give the message to their asked the reason for the Sudras coming to Christ, neighbors. One outstanding neighbor has already at once replied, "Seeing the improved condition had a vital experience of the transforming power of the Depressed Classes who have come into the of Christ in his life. One bania woman convert is Church." One prominent Reddi convert testified, working regularly on her own time to win her "When I saw the high attainments of the Decaste people and others. One Brahman woman pressed Class Christians this encouraged me to convert is giving full time to zenana work, her become a Christian." Another influential Sudra salary being paid by her son, a Hindu pleader. enquirer, whose relatives had already been bap- One of the lower Sudra caste converts, along with tized, gave a striking testimony. his son-in-law, has been preparing twenty families for baptism. Outstanding in witnessing "Do you believe that the Christians of Deamong the men is Poda Rangaiah, the convert pressed Class origin have been made better by who was disinherited of a large fortune when he Christianity?" he was asked. came to Christ in 1915. . For fifteen years he worked as an unpaid evangelist, supporting him- "The change is beyond comparison. They are self from the few acres of fields still remaining in now living by· order and wisdom while formerly his possession. He has become so effective as a they were wild and lawless." speaker and singer that he now rents out his fields and works on a small salary giving full time to "Why have they been so changed?" winning his own caste people. There is already the beginnings of a strong Church in his native "Because of the teaching of religion of Christ village. This voluntary witnessing on the part of and having made Him their Guru …… For forty new caste converts is a great strength in the pres- years I have observed this influence in the Chrisent movement of Sudras to Christianity. tians of Depressed Class origin. The same power working in us Reddis should bring great change It is evident that the sources of the Sudras' quickly." inspiration is the widespread transformation by the Christian religion of the outcaste groups. The The Telugu Sudra Movement is well under way Christian movement in the Telugu area began in and another decade will doubtless show great the outcaste communities and throughout the gains all along the line. This marks another era in years until the last decade has been largely con- the Church in India. The knowledge of this sigfined to these groups. It is significant that men nificant movement and the personalities associated and women of wealth and influence should turn with it should be spread to the churches and iso- . to a religion so long associated witfl the despised, lated Christian groups everywhere. Christian leaders and workers everywhere will again take new courage and inspiration. New movements in other areas will get under way. Truly God is at work in the land. The Cross of Christ goes on from victory to victory.

One Pastor Did for

By the REV. CLELAND B. McAFEE, D.D., LL.D., New York Secretary of the Board of Foreign Missions, Presbyterian Church, U. S. A.

T HE sudden death on January 18,1935, of the him present arguments for Foreign Missions. His writer's older brother, Rev. Dr. Lapsley Arm- line was to tell about the work, to quote the Scrip- strong McAfee, at Dumaguete, Philippine ture warrants, to point out the spirit and com- Islands, suggests a brief review of a somewhat mand of C4rist and to take obedience for granted: remarkable missionary ministry. Never on the It was a marked asset of his ministry. Not all of mission field himself, except as a visitor, Dr. Mc- his church people believed in missions, any more Afee has had a wider world influence than most than is the case in most churches, but he kept ministers ever attain. It is doubtful if a score of confronting them with the world and with the pastors in the world have influenced the mission- Word and they had to have it out with those two ary purpose of more actual missionaries at home irresistible facts~ and abroad than he was able to do. Yet he was After a brief initial pastorate in the church at never connected with any missionary training in- Park College, his health made it necessary for him stitution, and except for a brief early pastorate in to go to a western parish, and he spent a few connection with Park College, Missouri, which at years in Phrenix, Arizona, where he came into that time was sending out considerable numbers direct touch with the work of missions among the of definite Christian workers, he had little to do Indians and on the American frontier. This ex- with institutional life. He was an ordinary, work- perience turned all theory into practice, and he ing pastor, near a university and awake consist- never bothered much with distinctions between ently to his opportunities for creating and main- home and foreign in making Christ known. That taining the Christian world-mindedness of the was a matter for administration, not for discus- members of his congregation. Moreover, he was sion among Christian believers. never the pastor of what would be reckoned a Then Dr. McAfee removed to Berkeley, Cali- wealthy church, though his last church grew to fornia, and presently became pastor of the First large numbers with the years. Its gifts to mis- Presbyterian Church there. During his pastorate sionary work were largely in terms of life rather the entire San Francisco Bay region fell into one than of funds. During one pastorate of twenty- field for the Presbyterians and he came into close five years he saw more than 150 men and women relation to another phase of mission work-the give themselves to whole-time Christian service- city, the last frontier of American life-for he be- in the ministry and other forms of missionary came an active leader in the development of work in America or elsewhere. It is a record Church extension throughout the whole area. The which may well be analyzed. Berkeley church is very near the campus of the Dr. Lapsley McAfee received the beginning of University of California with its thousands of his missionary interest in his boyhood home where students. Here he gave twenty-five years of his his father and mother, President and Mrs. John strongest service, not primarily for students but A. McAfee of Park College, were well ahead of for all the people of his congregation. He drew their time in their interest in world-wide evan- no lines between town and gown in his program gelism. Mrs. McAfee, especially, was a leader in nor in his interest. He set himself to make as organized women's work in the Presbyterian worthy a Christian Church as he could. No such Church and had part in the founding of the Church could have a timid or hesitant missionary Women's Board of the Southwest, a strong Pres- spirit. His antidote for worldly-mindedness was byterian Board of Foreign Missions with head- world-mindedness. By all measurements the re- quarters in St. Louis, Missouri. It was from his suIt was a spiritual Church of unusual attain- parents and experiences in his early home, as mis- ments.

sionaries and other church leaders visited it from No one ever claimed that Dr. McAfee was a time to time, that Dr. Lapsley McAfee came to preacher of unusual ability. His sermonic meth- take world missions for granted, a Christian duty ods would bear a great deal of discussion. It is not to be discussed but to be performed. Few somewhat arresting that after more than fortyduring his long ministry could now recall hearing five years of preaching, nearly all in active pas- [175 ]

torates, we find hardly a line of sermon outline or young people's societies (which resembled a of sermon notes anywhere in his files! That was county or state convention during the winter sea- not his method. He was strongly and persistently son) as he would name one and another to a biblical in his material, and it was his custom to visitor. One of his young people cannot recall walk his study floor in company with a text or that he ever led one of the meetings nor ever gave a theme for the coming Sunday until an outline instructions about how it should be done. That came to him which he would fill out sometimes was their business. Yet after it was over almost largely in the pulpit. This did not make for anyone present would realize that these young powerful sermonizing and that was not his forte. people had been unconsciously under his influence.

To be sure, if real preaching means the taking of One observer said, years after he had been in the some truth of God and making it so clear to hear- group: "There is a vitality about young people ers that they both see it and set out to live by it, who grew up under Dr. McAfee that you cannot then he was a powerful preacher. But if preach- miss."

ing requires building up an argument with a body This means that the pastor thought of people in of truths, and making primary appeal to the minds individual terms, not as members of a group; and of hearers, then his greatness as a preacher might it is in these terms that the great decisions and be questioned. And it is wholly unimportant. attitudes are settled. It means also that his con- A Builder of Missionary Interest cern for world missions could not seem to be a mere academic question, even the most indifferent.

Two especial and well developed powers gave It was part of life, always expressed in perfectly him strength as a builder of missionary interest. normal, vital terms, like everything else with which he concerned himself and his people. He 1. For one thing, he had and cultivated a sin- was never an abstract advocate of missions. The cere personal concern for everybody whom he whole work was a matter of persons-some needmet. He knew his people and their condition as ing, some helping. Social institutions had their few pastors do. On a mere casual test with his place but they were for persons and those persons Church handbook, he one day gave immediately were of first importance. the address and telephone number of more than a score of people chosen haphazard by a visitor. 2. The second power which Dr. McAfee used to This would be a waste of energy for most minis- the full was his ability to maintain an accent withters; it came naturally to him and he developed out making it a hobby. World missions was to it because it gave him a relation to his people him a matter of course, as has been said, and which was essential to his ministry. His interest therefore it had its place anywhere along the way. was never affected; it was always as genuine as This was rooted partly in a soundly conservative Christian faith, which did not concern itself it appeared to be. greatly with critical questions and current philos- This meant that he held both in mind and in ophies, but grew into full assurance regarding heart the hundreds of students and other young Christ and His saving power, and regarding man people who came to his church and its vigorous and his inescapable need for Christ. To Dr. Mcyoung people's societies. He knew them and real- Afee that was as true in Berkeley as in Bombay, in ized what their individual problems were and California as in China. None of his hearers is what were their prospects as well. He did not apt to recall any hesitant word in his message. need to waste any time overtaking the last talk He knew whom he believed and whom he wanted he had with them. Early in his California min- all men to believe. That is foundation enough for istry he became an influential advisor of the Chris- the missionary appeal. tian Endeavor forces of the State and probably knew by face and name more young people in the He made this appeal in various ways. (1) To Pacific coast region than any other one religious the very end he kept up the practice of the monthly leader. He never felt it necessary to strike a low midweek meeting of prayer for missions – each note among them. He knew how to play games; month taking up that subject as naturally as the he was a natural singer so that he led them in all month came around. In this way he made world kinds of musical events; but he was essentially conditions and missionary work a definite part of and all the time the Christian minister who knew the spiritual life of the Church. Any pastor can them in behalf of Christ first of all. do that if he will. The meeting was varied and He knew the children of the families and unexpected and it cost a great deal of work for'

watched their spiritual advancement, so that he somebody, but the subject was big enough to war- could keep his eye on prospective candidates for rant the cost.

Christian service. It is not likely that he knew (2) He soon established in his prayer meeting all the children in the very large Sunday school, room, where also one group of his young people but it was arresting to hear him in his several met, a large map of the world with Berkeley

WHAT ONE PASTOR DID FOR MISSIONS

plainly marked and with cords running out from in many Christian lives, to be taken as naturally the Church to all the places in the world where as any other step. Parents were not aghast when former members of the Church were at work. It sons or daughters mentioned becoming mission- became a highly tangled map before his twenty- aries and the sons and daughters did not have the five years were over, but it could not fail to bring impression that they had done some unique and inspiration to worshipers and even to casual vis- staggering thing. With needy men always in itors. Moreover it ensured continuous and intel- mind and a commanding Christ always in sight ligent prayer for the world. and a saving Gospel always presented, why should (3) It was Dr. McAfee's custom also, and it is one not be a missionary if opportunity offered?

a growing custom now of Presbyterian pastors, to Something very beautiful was done before Dr.

have in his pulpit the "Year Book of Prayer for McAfee left the pastorate of the Berkeley church.

Missions" issued by the Presbyterian Church and A large bronze tablet was erected in the wall of to sketch before the pastoral prayer the fields and the church sanctuary, showing his portrait well persons suggested for prayer during the week then wrought out and the names of 137 men and women opening. Often it was possible to indicate some who had entered all-time Christian service dur- one person who had been in the church either as ing his pastorate. That number has now been a member or a speaker, to connect the field with reckoned as more than 150. The list included some interest in the church in business or other- workers in Africa, Brazil, Colombia, Chile, China, wise, in some way to make the prayer vital. In India, Japan, Korea, Mexico, Palestine, Persia, the prayer itself there was no laboring of the same the Philippine Islands, Siam, Syria, and a long material. This was taken for granted as in the roster in the United States of America! These hearts of worshipers. He once said: "Reading were all from his church. If there could be added that material is part of the prayer; God hears it the larger number whom his life had touched in and the people hear it." But this habit tended other churches, in the adjacent Theological Sem- again to keep world missions from being narrowed inary, in the Young People's conferences on the to some single field of interest or to the work of coast and elsewhere, in casual t;!ontacts, it would some familiar figure in the missionary ranks. The be an immense roll.

Jewish rabbis used to say that a prayer which did Dr. McAfee's death came in a beautiful way.

not mention the Kingdom is no prayer. Dr. Mc- Having retired from his pulpit as he approached Afee was not a hobbyist, even for missions, but 70 years of age, and having seen it occupied by it is doubtful if there occurred in his services any another earnest missionary advocate, Dr. Francis considerable or comprehensive prayer which did Shunk Downs, his heart turned again to that part not somewhere include the world work of the of the field which he had barely seen-the foreign Church. mission area. His only sister, Mrs. George S.

(4) His people recall that he made much of the McCune, the wife of the President of the Union presence of missionaries when they came into the Christian College in Pyengyang, had been in neighborhood. He gave the impression, says one Chosen for many years. He knew and loved also of his hearers, that a missionary from the home many other missionaries in Chosen and Japan, in or the foreign field was the most honored person China and the whole Far East. He and Mrs. Mc- who could visit the church. The visitor was sure Afee determined upon a visit to the field, though to know something that the people did not know he was fairly warned that it might be at peril of and it was their opportunity to learn. To be sure, his life. After a few months in Chosen, where he Dr. McAfee had his experiences of missionaries brought inspiration to many missionaries, Korean who, with all their virtues, could not make' a good pastors, students and others, "as few visitors have speech about their work. Then he had to save the ever done," he went to the Philippine Islands for situation himself, which he could not always do, the cold months of winter and there, soon after his as he ruefully remarked one day. But he exulted arrival, in the home of President Roy H. Brown, in the coming of a missionary and from most of of the Silliman Institute, trouble arose with his them his people received the inspiration he de- heart and he went to be with his Lord.

sired. Meanwhile, every missionary went away Here was no marvelous preacher, no striking with the assurance that he had in the pastor a figure of ecclesiastical leadership, no author of dear friend and a warm welcome awaited him volumes. Here was a pastor, committed first of there whenever he might return. all to his Master and then to his people; and in All this did not raise money, but it created a the effort to bring the people into closer fellowship missionary atmosphere, which is the central neces- with his Lord he was driven to keen and lasting sity of a missionary church. Out of it came a sense of the world mission of the Gospel which he steady stream of young life dedicated to Chris- so fully believed. What he did in his church any tian service. The church came to see that being pastor can do-not always in such quantity but a missionary is no marvel but merely a next step always in the same quality.

"All Things to All Men" in Korea*

By REV. s. F. Miller, Chung-ju, Chosen Missionary of the Presbyterian Church A S A MISSIONARY sat in his study he heard onto it and from there to the top of the wall by .r-. the kitchen door hastily opened and some- the aid of a Japanese who reached a hand down one cross the floor. It was the "boy" all to give him a lift.

out of breath. On the way back the missionary found a group "There is a fire in the village and I came for of refugees who were afraid to venture into the the fire extinguisher." The missionary opened his swift waters to re.ach safety, so he led some and closet door, grasped the handle of a bucket of carried others across, including one blind man.

extra charges and he and the "boy" carried the When he reached home the Christians asked, extinguisher down the steep hill to the village. "What will these people do for supper, the chil- The straw roof of a house was in a blaze and dren are crying from hunger." Then the mis- women were carrying water on their heads from sionary saw how the Lord had foreseen this cir- the village well, while the men with gourds were cumstance and provided for it.

sprinkling it on the roof, but making no impres- The Chinese carpenters and masons, on finish- sion on the blaze. ing the house and leaving a few days before, had The missionary upturned the extinguisher and asked him to buy three bags of flour which re- directed a thin stream of soda-water onto the roof. mained of their supply. He had done so, won- Immediately the flame died down revealing a sur- dering whether they would keep till used. Now prised man who had been working behind the this flour was used for dumplings and after all smokescreen and wanted to know who had been had eaten they lay down for the night.

squirting water on him. In the meantime the Years later, as the missionary was giving some "boy" had prepared another charge of water, leaflets to a group of farmhands in a ricefield, he soda, and acid, and it extinguished the fire. heard one say quietly, "He is the man who helped A group of old men looking over the fence re- us during the flood"-and the leaflets were ac- marked: "The missionary with his medicine can cepted.

is better than a village of watercarriers." *** This was just one of the little things that make As a missionary pedaled his "go-of-itself-wheel" it easier to preach the Gospel. along a narrow bridlepath down a mountain val- ley, he saw a woman running with alJ…her speed, *** weeping while she called someone who had disap- peared between the natural hedges. He jumped A missionary had been kept awake all night by to the ground and asked what the trouble was. the downpour of water from the sky and eaves and the roaring of a torrent down the hill. It had "My son and I quarreled this morning and he been the worst cloudburst in Chungju in ninety has run away down this road and I can't catch up years, old folks said. with him. What shall I do!"

At daybreak, as he was trying to make up for "Just follow me and I'll catch up with him on lost sleep, the Korea assistant pastor came to say my wheel. Do not hurry, I'll hold him till you that the levee had broken and a crowd of refugees come." were coming to the compound. By the time the missionary had dressed the levee had broken again The bicycler soon reached the boy and asked, j.ust below the house, leaving 200 people standing "Where are you going in such a hurry? You look between two breaks and 100 outside the gate seek- as if you had quarreled with your mother and ing a refuge. He opened the new Bible Institute were running away in your anger. Tell me all building and filled it, the rest finding places in the about it." temporary carpentershop and in the village.

The levee broke in five places, 400 houses were "How do you know all about me?" asked the washed away and forty people in the town were boy, thinking. "These West Sea men's eyes look drowned. In the afternoon the missionary right through a-fellow." He told the truth.

waded and swam to the wall of the city; the water Presently the mother caught up and between was filthy, snakes and other vermin swam here the missionary's urging and the mother's plead- and there. He found a thatch roof of a house ing, the boy agreed to return. The missionary washed against the wall and managed to crawl urged them to let Jesus help them to live in peace, • Condensed from The Korean Mission Field. and offered the boy some Christian leaflets.

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the Student World*

By HOWARD GUINNESS, M.D.

Student Evangelist of the Inter-Varsity Christian Fellowship "IN SPITE of failures in the past, the evan- other spheres? We believe not for the following gelization of the world in this generation is reasons: still possible," said the men and women stu- 1. At the universities and colleges are gath~ dents of the Liverpool University at Park Gate ered the men and women whose influence is likely Retreat in 1933. to be far-reaching. They are being trained as "I can do nothing for China; but God can," leaders of the future-teachers and college pro- said a great missionary. afedsmsionirs~trdaotcotrosr,s and lawyers, preachers, writers, When asked, "What can a woman do," Mary athletes who often get a hearing, Slessor replied, "The question is not what can a especially among young people, where scholars woman do?" but "What can a woman's God do?" fail to do so.

Broken in health after seven years of mission- 2. Men and women passing through their three ary work on the Chinese coast, Hudson Taylor to five years at the universities are impressioncould not silence the ceaseless cry of China's mil- able. If they do not meet Christ there, many of lions as they waited in darkness for the Light. them meet with sin, and, casting aside the re- Nearly four hundred millions of them in the un- straints of morality as well as of faith, they go touched inland provinces have never yet heard of far astray, and lead others with them. Jesus Christ and His salvation. And yet-how can one man meet that need? But the Voice in 3. If the men and women of our universities do Taylor's soul sounded day and night, "Why should not find Christ by the time they end their course, not each of those vast provinces possess a centre it is probable that they will never find Him. Out of light and truth? And why should they not of every hundred Christians who know (more or possess such a witness in your own lifetime?" less accurately) the date of their conversion, ap- Such was the vision that came to him as he waited proximately seventy-five come to Christ by the age upon God in his own weakness. During the next of fourteen, another twenty by the age of twentyforty years, through sorrow and suffering, one, another four by the age of twenty-five, and through danger and privation, through persecu- only one per cent at some more advanced age! tion and martyrdom, through disease and death, If this is so it becomes obvious that the presentathe impossible came true; for Hudson Taylor's tion of Christ offered at college is probably the God was a God of the impossible! Multitudes of last great impulse they will have to enter the Chinese owe their salvation to his response to Christian life. By the time they are graduated that vision. they have become almost unapproachable by the Gospel from the human angle. If we want to ~in True vision is not merely an inward urge and them at all college is almost our last opportumty! desire such as Columbus had with but little tangible evidence to justify it, but true vision is the 4. The Christian student, going up to a univerknowledge of facts combined with insight into sity, is often faced for the first time with t~e their meaning. Both Livingstone and Taylor saw necessity of giving a reasonable answer for hIS millions of souls in a death grapple with sin- Christian faith. He is surrounded by many who without God and without hope. But it did not deny the truth of the Bible. It may seem at that end there. Each saw a mighty Redeemer-and moment that the foundations of his faith are inacted accordingly. Is it idle to urge that the uni- secure and that what he has always believed to be fundamental is now either impossible of belief versities of the world need educated men with the or capable of new co~struction. He needs a st.ea?yvision of a Livingstone or a Taylor to bring to ing hand, wise advIce, and, above all, Ch~lstIan them the Christ? Is it an exaggeration to sug- fellowship, if he is not to go forth to a Christless gest that they constitute one of the most needy life and a Christless eternity. mission fields of the world? Is it wrong to believe that money and time spent here will bring a I once knew an English medical student who greater return for God than that spent in many was studying theology in preparation for foreign missionary service. He was a real power for Christ and to sit near him at mealtimes was an Oh•urCcohndReenvsieedw, and revised from a paper printed In The United India.

[179 ]

inspiration, for he breathed a fragrance other met, and the beginnings were made of a witness than his own. Towards the end of one term he to the saving power of Christ. Today there are seemed to grow more silent and less other-worldly, dozens banded together there to pray and study and eventually broke this astounding news to us: God's Holy Word and win their fellow-students "I have lost my message. The theological lec- for the Saviour. tures I have been attending have robbed me of my The year 1927 found Oxford University without faith. I shall still go abroad as a medical man, but only to do philanthropic work." any distinctive evangelical testimony among the students. The Devotional Union, comprising men Thank God, he had friends who believed the of semi-rationalistic outlook as well as conserva- Word of God, and with whom he used to pray, and tive believers, seemed the more desirable channel he found his message again. of witness because it would maintain an outward unity of all nominal Christians. But little fruit I knew a Canadian theological student who, in could be seen in return for all the effort put into the freshness of his faith and the warmth of his it. A minority of Evangelical believers started love for Christ, longed to win his friends for the to pray for wisdom and vision. They were only Saviour. He was surrounded by destructive sixteen strong. Jonathan in his attack on the garcriticism, and in this environment he became rison of the Philistines, single-handed save for his doubtful of his own salvation and of the truth of armour-bearer, forever immortalized the truth God's Word. He had no evangelical friends with that there is no restraint to the Lord to save by whom to pray and think, and he did not come back many or by few. again into the Light. A week or two later the town was placarded But the tragedy of our universities lies not only with the announcement that four Cambridge in the fact that hundreds of Christian students undergraduates would speak in the Town Hall on are losing their faith every year, but that non- "What Christ means to me." The advertisements, Christian students (whose only idea of Chris- in Cambridge light blue, caught the eye wherever tianity is either ritualism or "do your best and one looked. "Who is running this show?" "What God will do the rest") would like to know God's is it all about?" "Who are these Cambridge plan of salvation and are never told. chaps ?" A thousand questions and remarks were on people's lips as the day drew near. All the In a British university a woman came after a while sixteen men worked earnestly and sixteen meeting and opened the conversation by saying, souls prayed ceaselessly. It was now for God to "Ever since your lecture I have had an irresistible work and God did. The Hall was filled to its calonging to know God. But I know nothing about pacity to hear of the Saviour crucified, risen and Christianity, except that which repels me because exalted, as He had revealed Himself to four underof the uncharitableness of Christians. I go no- graduates from a rival university. And the rewhere to church and never read the Bible. What sult? Go to Oxford ,today, and see more than one is God like? How am I to think of Him?" What hundred men and women banded together in an a pagan darkness was this in which her soul lived ! unquestioning loyalty to the Son of God, and an But what a wonderful answer I could give her! undying passion for the salvation of men. What compassion filled my heart and flooded into the wondrous story of Emmanuel-God with us! Where are the men of vision today? Where What a theme is "Jesus" to those who sit in dark- are the men who have seen the King in His beauty, ness and in the shadow of death! She wanted to by whom henceforth all else is counted but refuse love Him; she wanted Him to be her Saviour. that they may win Christ? Where are the ad- venturers, the explorers, the buccaneers for God One man who wanted to know Christ is said to who count one human soul of greater value far have searched out all the men of Christian char- than the fall or rise of an empire or even their acter in college and spent much time in their com- own reputations? Where are the men who glory pany in the hope that they would speak to him one in God-sent loneliness, difficulties, persecutions, day about their faith; but in vain. He did the misunderstandings, discipline, sacrifice, death? same with clergymen he met; but again in vain! Where are the men who are ready to pay the price He left the university and went out into the world of vision? Where are the men of believing prayer? -an agnostic. Where are the men who, like the Psalmist of old, count God's Word of more importance than their' In 1922 a Christian student at a Welsh Univer- daily food? Where are the men, who, like Moses, sity had a hunger in his heart for fellowship with commune with God face to face as a man speaks others who believed in Christ, and for the salva- with his friend, and who unmistakably carry with tion of his fellowmen with whom he lived. One them the fragrance of that meeting thrtjugh the day notices in chalk appeared on a number of day? Where are God's men in this day of God's blackboards asking all who knew and loved the power? Lord Jesus to meet in a certain room at a certain time! They were signed with this student's name. At the appointed hour several men and women

We Interest College Students?

-'1 By WILMINA ROWLAND Traveling Secretary of the Student Volunteer Movement I~==========================~ W HEN I returned from China a year and a 6. Are not our denominational rivalries a hin- half ago and took up work as a traveling drance in missionary work? secretary for the Student Volunteer Movement, some of my older friends were most dis- 7. If all missionaries were withdrawn, would couraging. Christianity continue to spread in the mission fields? "You're hoping to interest American college students in missions?" one of them remarked. It is thrilling to find how keenly interested stu- "You have my sympathy! I'm afraid you are go- dents will be in a discussion centering around ing to find young people of college age hostile these questions. In fact, in a number of groups to the concept of foreign missions. They are un- it has been necessary to spend an hour or two on friendly to the whole missionary movement." the first question so that often we get no further. If the total result of one of these campus visits Consequently it was with some trepidation that has been no more than to help "straighten out" a I embarked upon the work. After a few weeks, few students on that very significant question, the however, I arrived at a conclusion which has been implications of which strike at the very roots of confirmed in the last eighteen months. College our Christian faith, then the visit has been worth students are not hostile to the idea of missions- while. they are simply totally ignorant of what it is all about! Somehow we have permitted two or three Happily the matter does not rest there. The college generations to grow up without educating educational job is often continued after a secrethem adequately as to the total task of the Church, tary's visit by the formation of a small study and especially that phase which is concerned with group which is eager to inquire further into the the extension of Christianity throughout the why and how of missionary endeavor..

world. All colleges do not present an absolutely un- A further discovery I have made is that young worked field. In four of the five Southern states men and women invariably become interested in 'in which I traveled I found ten or more colleges in missions when the matter is presented to them each state where there is at least a small nucleus intelligently and adequately, and in terms of pres- of students who know what missions are all ent-day technique. , about. These groups go under a variety of names I have been interested in compiling a list of -Student Volunteer Groups, Life Service Bands, questions students ask most frequently concern- Missions Interest Groups, etc. Many are the re- ing missions. Perhaps some of these may sound sult of the efforts of former traveling secretaries, familiar to those who have to answer the ques- and some are the result of denominational pro- tions of adults who are not necessarily students. grams in the colleges. These groups vary in vi- 1. Why should we be interested in foreign mis- tality, but the more alive ones exist not only for sions when there is so much to be done at home? the purpose of study within their own group, but This question never fails to be asked in some to help keep missions in the consciousness of the form or other. Answer it satisfactorily, and you entire Christian Association of the college. Some find that you have a student who is eager to find of the more vigorous groups carryon deputation out more about "this thing called missions." work to other colleges, seeking to interpret the 2. How do missionaries explain to non-Chris- missionary'movement and to communicate their tians the lack of Christianity in America and at own enthusiasm on the subject. If real interest the same time justify the sending of missionaries is aroused, the deputation members help in organ- abroad? izing a missions group. In many states these local 3. What right have we to upset the religious be- groups ar,e bound together in a state organization, liefs of non-Christians by imposing Christianity the Student Volunteer Union, which stages week- upon them? end retreats and state-wide conferences on mis- 4. What is the Christian message? sions. The educational value of these conferences 5. What have missions really accomplished in is great and is ,one of the most potent factors in non-Christian countries? ' interpreting missions to college students.

[181 ]

This educational work in the colleges is, unfor- well-equipped young people in our colleges in seektunately, far too meager. The Student Volunteer ing to understand the missionary enterprise, in Movement has secretaries in the South Atlantic directing it along whatever lines it should follow, Region, New England, and the North Central Re- and in supporting it by money, by intelligent ingion and there are Student Volunteer Unions in terest, and by prayer unless they become acnearly a score of states, sponsoring annual con- quainted with what missions really are seeking to ferences. The National Student Y. M. and Y. W. accomplish and what they are actually doing in C. A.'s have also Christian World Education de- the modern world. We cannot expect to confront partments which suggest programs to local units. the highest type of young men and women with One large denomination is carrying out an inter- the vocational challenge of Christian missions unesting experiment in assigning a missionary and less we do so in the college era. Nor can we exhis wife to work in the colleges, permitting them pect to have as applicants highly trained perto be largely self-directive in determining to what sonnel if, during the formative college years places they shall go and how long they shall stay. which must precede more specialized study, they Visits of a week or more allow them time for un- do not have effectively presented to them the aphurried conferences with individual students who peal of Christian service abroad. We must preare interested in understanding missions. The sent it in terms understandable to the college approaching Twelfth Quadrennial Convention of mind. The call to the Church is, through existing the Student Volunteer Movement (December 28, organizations already in the field and by entirely 1935-January 1, 1936) represents another out- new means, to interpret to American students standing educational opportunity. the modern Christian missionary enterprise far more widely than it is being interpreted at But the Church needs to do more than it is do- present. ing. We cannot hope for the cooperation of these The Influence of Assiut College r-. AN EGYPTIAN lawyer with a large practice ceives in Assiut College just that emphasis which and many years of experience in his pro- the Egypt of today and of tomorrow most needs fession, said: "The greatest danger to the in her leaders.

future of Egypt lies in the growing indifference Many have borne witness to the service that of all classes and ages to the moral duties incul- Assiut College is rendering also to the Evangeli- cated by those religions to which they are all tra- cal Church in Egypt and the Sudan. The high ditionally and theoretically attached with passion-. scholarly standing of its graduates shows up well ate devotion. In particular, the young men show when measured against their rivals from other a constantly increasing tendency to postpone mar- schools of the same grade. But there is an in- riage and its responsibilities, and to throw them- tangible, because spiritual, impress which the selves eagerly into the enjoyments of the purely Christian faculty is stamping on the hundreds sensual-the things that delight the flesh." they teach and through which they help to build a In the solution of this problem the American better Egypt.

College at Assiut is one of the outstanding con- Rev. Samuel M. Zwemer, D.D., editor of the structive influences. The difference that marks Moslem World, who has often visited Assiut, Assiut off from many institutions is the strong writes: emphasis placed on Christian faith and life. In "Assiut College is the antipodes of Al Azhar, the a land where, as every observer knows, religious Moslem University of Cairo. The latter, in its doctrine is rather an arsenal for the weapons of curriculum, buildings, equipment and ideals of religious controversy than a treasury for religious education, looks backward-the former looks for- faith, it is refreshing to see the way truth is made ward. The latter lays stress on the training of at Assiut the groundword of Christian culture. memory-the former on reason and judgment.

All branches of learning are bound together in For the future leadership of Egypt we must look the minds of pupils by the distinctively Christian to institutions like Assiut College, where the cost view of God and the world. Whereas the menace of real leadership is emphasized in daily lessons M of Egypt is a young manhood steeped in pleasure; self-denial, perseverance, clean-living and high'

it is a joy to see this body of hundreds of young Christian ideals. The religious growth, present men who are being trained through personal con- conditions and equipment, most of all the graduate tact with the highest type of Christian character. body scattered as good seed from Alexandria to Clean, consistent, diligent and unselfish daily liv- Assuan-these are evidences of spiritual forces ing are placed above every other ideal of achieve- which are latent and will some day come to their ment. Christian life as well as Christian faith re- own in the new Egypt that is to be."

God and Take Courage-'Why?

Concluded from March ~~Review"-Second Part of an Address Before the Philadelphia Presbytery -·~J.:;I ;;;;PI;;;;E;;;;R;;;;SO;;;;N=====–i.II~ ====;;;;B;;;;Y;;;;D;;;;E;;;;L;;;;A;;;;V;;;;A;;;;N=L;;;;.

T o FACE problems only and to be without ice. Or study the history of the Korea missions, power to solve them is discouraging in busi- where well-nigh every Christian is a Bible stu- ness, in medicine, in political and social life, dent and an evangelist, and we will see how these and in missions. But, like the Apostle Paul on abiding realities have built up a great spiritual his way to Rome as a prisoner, when we see evi- church apostolic in faith, Christ-like in character dences of love, of faith, of fruitfulness, we thank and dynamic in service. God and take courage. For those who have eyes to see, there are almost countless reasons for en- A story has recently been running in the Satcouragement today in spite of many difficult prob- urday Evening Post which gives a fairly faithful lems and disappointments. Note three great rea- history of the Pitcairn Islanders. Nine mutineers sons for thanksgiving in Christian mission work of the "Bounty," with twelve Tahitian women and today. six Tahitian men, lived like animals of the jungle -in the midst of fornication and murder-so that 1. Is there not great cause for encouragement all the Tahitian men and all the white men except in the unchanging realities of Christian faith and two were murdered or committed suicide, and it experience? God changes not, though men's views was difficult to tell who was the father of children of Him may change. Christ is "the same yester- born to the native women. Then, when only one day, today and forever," even though men reject white man survived, that godless British mutineer Him. The Gospel is the "everlasting Gospel" and discovered and, began to study the Bible and exerts the same power today as it did in the days Prayer Book, saved from the "Bounty." Convicof the Apostles. The Holy Spirit "abides with us tion of sin, confession, belief in Jesus Christ, forever"and witnesses to us and with us. Prayers prayer for forgiveness, and reformation followed. are still heard and answered according to our Then he gathered the women and children to- Lord's promise, even though we neglect prayer. gether and instructed them, so that when the little The Bible continues to give clear evidence of be- colony was later discovered by a passing vessel, ing the inspired Word of God, "living and power- these survivors were found to be simple-hearted, ful" and "profitable for doctrine, for reproof, for praying, God-worshiping, Bible Christians, full of instruction in' righteousness." Our understand- love and peace and joy. What other Book was ing of all these unchanging realities and our rela- ever used to effect such a transformation? Thank tion to them may change, but in the midst of a God, there are thousands of such examples of the changing world none of these things, fundamental undiminished power of the unchanging realities to the Christian faith, have changed in nearly two of the Christian faith. thousand years. In spite of unfriendly criticisms, attacks, ridicule, and neglect, the Bible still proves Some Benefits of Change itself to be the Word of God to those who study 2. A second reason for encouragement today is to know and who determine to do the Will of God. found in the changes that mark human history. We may be thankful that governments and their In over forty years devoted to the study of laws change. Years ago, in Turkey, when the Christian work at home and abroad, I have yet expulsion of Christian witnesses was threatened, to discover a mission where these unchanging the sudden death of the Sultan changed the situarealities are honestly accepted and where life and tion. In Japan edicts decreeing death to Chriswork are based on their reality, where wonderful tians, and to the Christians' God, were discarded; results have not followed in the spiritual and ma- Korea, long the Hermit Nation, was opened by a terial transformation of men and of communities. change of mind in the ruler-due to a Christian Look at the West Africa Mission of the Presby- doctor; China, the "rock" that long refused to terian Church for example, or the Scotch Living- open to missionaries, has been split asunder in anstonia Mission in Central Africa. In each of these swer to the prayers of persevering missionaries fields we may find 5,000 former savages, or chil- of the Cross. dren of savages, gather for one communion serv- [183 ]

Other changes have removed hindrances to the in the lives of men and women. This is even more advance of the Gospel-wild men have been tamed, evident today than it was in the days of the as in the cannibal islands; dangers to life from Apostles. The miracles of missions are more wild beasts, and from still more dangerous insects, numerous and more remarkable today than they have been greatly reduced; science has helped to ever were. Our Lord's promise of "greater change pestilential swamps into healthful fields; works" than His own is being abundantly fulfilled.

the growth of knowledge as to sanitation and the The story of Sa'eed the Kurd, recently published care of health have prolonged life and usefulness by the Cokesbury Press and told in the January of missionaries in every field. REVIEW, is a remarkable illustration of the power Changing, growing knowledge and increased of Christ to transform one of the most fierce and use of the forces that God has provided in nature, fanatical Moslems and bitter opponent of Chris- have brought new power to carryon the work of tianity, into an intelligent, devout and evangelistic Christ. What vast advantage has been gained Christian. His conversion, and that of thousands through more intimate contacts with remote upon thousands of others are among the "greater fields! Steamships, railroads, automobiles and works" that our Lord promised. Thank God, hun- airplanes have brought near the "uttermost part dreds of Moslems in Persia are now followers of of the earth." A year ago Dr. Samuel M. Zwemer, Christ and over 40,000 former Moslems in Su- in a few hours, made an airplane trip to West matra are today Christians.

China that usually takes weeks by boat and mule- Missions in Korea have just celebrated their litter. I traveled by airplane from Cairo to Bagh- golden jubilee. Fifty years ago there were no dad in twelve hours, a distance that must have Christians there and the doors were closed to the taken Abraham at least twelve weeks. The tele- Gospel. Today there are between 300,000 and graph, the ocean cable, the telephone and the radio 400,000 Christians with self-supporting, self-gov- have brought changes that greatly enlarge the erning churches. The majority of the church possibilities of missionary service. Not long ago members have passed through persecution and a message was radioed from Central Africa to have become praying, Bible-studying, witnessing America in an hour. By old-time methods of na- Christians according to New Testament stand- tive runner and ocean steamer it would have re- ards. One man, Pastor Kil, almost blind, was quired months for its delivery. The Gospel is now arrested by the Japanese for sedition, for preach- being broadcast not only from many stations in mg that "the kingdoms of this world will become America and England but is being proclaimed in the Kingdom of our Lord." The Japanese police this way in Africa, China, India and elsewhere. could not permit anyone to say that Japan would What possibilities there are when we enlist all ever be subject to another king! In prison Pastor God's forces to do God's work! Kil showed the keeper that his declaration was But the greatest encouragement comes from the not his own idea but was made in the Book of change that is taking place in human hearts and Revelation nearly 2,000 years ago. The keeper minds and wills. We may be thankful that these became interested, borrowed Kil's Bible, read it, are not permanently "frozen assets"-that preju- asked questions and was converted.

dices and taboo, false customs and beliefs and The Power of God Today unbeliefs are not irrevocably fixed. What a dif- ference it makes that caste in India-that so long Yes, the Gospel is the power of God today. We proved an almost unsurmountable barrier to the are encouraged that victories are won,· not by acceptance of Christ – is breaking down. Re- "physical might nor by human power"-including cently letters tell of caste and outcaste Hindus technical training and skill-but by the Spirit of eating together. The mere suggestion would have God working in the hearts of men – but using meant riots a few years ago. Gandhi is helping human witnesses.

to promote this end but the greatest forces used While the most extensive and some of the best to break down caste barriers have been Christian- work is that done under the auspices of great ity and the advance of modern civilization and church boards, it is encouraging to note that all intercommunication. In Medak, Central India, successful mission work is not that carried on by whole churches are being formed of caste Chris- large and financially strong denominations. God tians and one of the greatest influences in this di- is no respecter of nations or denominations. Some rection has been the transformations that caste of the best work is being done by s6-called "Faith· people have seen wrought by the Gospel among Missions." One of the most impressive of the the untouchables. Caste is being undermined and many remarkable pieces of mission work we saw may crumble almost in a night. in India is conducted wholly on faith in God's 3. The greatest encouragement in the present ability and readiness to supply funds, workers, missionary situation is the evidence of the power equipment, guidance, to open doors, and give of Christ, and the effect of His everlasting Gospel harvests, without any direct appeals to men, fol-

THANK GOD AND TAKE COURAGE-WHY?

lowing only New Testament principles and de- Then I met Jesus and today we are brothers in pending on the Holy Spirit, prayer and obedience Christ who died for us both. We know now what to the will of God. The Dohnavur Mission, South forgiveness and love can do. Today we are both India, contains some 450 children and youth who serving as elders in the Church and will soon pass have been rescued from the ignorance and im- the elements that represent His body broken and moralities of Hindu temple service. It is a Chris- His blood shed for us. This could not be true of tian village, the most beautiful and brightest us if the missionaries of Jesus had not come to oasis in India. These Christians are being trained teach us the Gospel of God's love in Christ." for service and many are now carrying the Gospel There are countless such causes of encourageto dark Indian villages, in spite of fierce opposi- ment in every land. Let us never forget it or be tion from Hindu priests. discouraged.

The China Inland Mission is one of the greatest Encouragements in the Home Church testimonies to the living, prayer-hearing and prayer-answering God. It was once a "despised 4. In these days of financial troubles, and other and rejected Mission," much criticised by church difficulties in the home church, we are sometimes leaders, but it is today an outstanding example tempted to discouragement because we cannot of what simple faith and obedience will do with- support more workers, and because of unrespon- out large financial resources, and without elab- siveness of church people, the apparent lack of re- orate institutions. Weare thankful that we need sults, and increasing indifference and unbelief.

not tell God when or how or where to work. We can be of good cheer, Christ has "overcome Great encouragement comes from awakenings the world," although worldly men have not ac- reported from all over the world. Word has re- knowledged His lordship. In His name we also cently come from Manchukuo, telling of rich spir- can overcome and can enjoy the fruits of His vic- itual harvests in spite of disturbed conditions. In tory. Do we ever stop to think of the immense Central and North China, Bethel Bands have co- number of obscure volunteer Christian workers operated with Christian pastors and missionaries who are carrying on and are faithful witnesses to conduct fruitful evangelistic campaigns. From to Christ in our churches and Sunday schools; In Burma and India and Siam come stirring reports rescue missions and on street corners; through of the work of Student Gospel Teams, devoting such organizations as the Pocket Testament their week-ends to volunteer evangelism. In Cen- League with 2,000,000 members; in summer con- tral Africa the harvest seems to be limited only ferences (like the Keswick Conferences in New by the number of laborers. In Persia Moslems Jersey, Canada and England); in the summer are turning to Christ and are ready to suffer per- schools of missions and such influential gather- secution and death in order that they may wit- ings as the remarkable Florida Chain of Mission- ness to Him. God has not left Himself without ary Assemblies? How many thousands of devoted witnesses, and as He promised, He has not left us Christian laymen and women are serving on mis- alone to carryon His work. sion boards and similar organizations, large and Some of the most wonderful evidences of the small, in schools and in Christia:o. homes. All Power of the Gospel are those we saw among the Christians are not idle or indifferent or selfish.

former cannibals of New Guinea. When Charles Hundreds of thousands, unknown to us but known Abel went out there about forty years ago these to God, are loyal, devoted, self-sacrificing followers people had no conception of God or of spiritual of Christ.

things. They were living in the deepest degrada- Again, in spite of the criticisms of modern tion, obsessed by fear and continually fighting and youth, the Spiritual Emphasis Movement among devouring one another. Orie Sunday morning we those in college and out is very encouraging. In saw and heard forty-eight new converts from contrast to the drift away from Bible teaching, these people stand up and individually confess faith and conduct, as seen in too many church Christ as their Lord and Saviour. Twenty-three members and schools, we know that unnumbered of them were won by one lay, self-supporting Christian laymen and women, as well as pastors, Papuan evangelist who devoted his week-ends to are firm believers in the Bible as the Word of personal w o r k . " God and in Jesus Christ as their Divine Lord and No man is so low that he cannot be lifted to new Redeemer. All have not bowed the knee to Baal; • life in Christ by the power of God. This is ,ur the Lord "knoweth them that are His." While greatest encouragement. One day at a commUnIon there are at times severe and usually unjustified service in Kwato aNew Guinea man rose and said: criticisms of the officers and members of the Evan- "A few years ago Paula and I were chiefs of gelical Mission Boards-they are not much more two rival tribes who fought and ate one another. perfect than the rest of us-still the vast majority He captured my wife and according to our custom of them we can trust as loyal, devoted servants of I could not be satisfied until I had been revenged. Christ and His Church. They have made mis-

takes but they are ready to learn and to correct One of the great encouragements in Christian their errors, even if they do not always publicly work is the evidence that good living seed, planted acknowledge them. The present financial short- in faith, watered with prayers, and warmed by age has taught some valuable lessons and is mak- love, continues to bear fruit long after the sower ing more clear the fact that spiritual aims and has gone to his or her reward. Who can measure forces are greater than material and that success- the widespread extent and abiding results of the ful Christian work is not measured by material ministry of spirit-controlled men and women such things but only in proportion as men are won to as Hudson Taylor, Adoniram Judson, D. L. Christ and His service. Is it not encouraging to Moody, Eliza Agnew, Guido F. Verbeck, Arthur note that more emphasis is placed on the prime T. Pierson, George Muller and William and Cathimportance of evangelism and the training of erine Booth. evangelists today than was the case ten years ago, when we were sometimes tempted to be self-satis- As in the days of Elisha, though we may not alfied and self-sufficient – perhaps because money ways see them, ,.the forces that are for us are was more plentiful? Adversity has its advantages. vastly more than those that are against us. Christ Again we thank God and take courage. is our Head, our Captain, our victorious Leader.

There are many other reasons for encourage- On a recent Keswick calendar we find this mesment which we must pass over. Among these are sage and comment on Romans 8: 31, "What shall the many answers to prayer, the desire for closer we then say to these things? If God be for us, Christian "cooperation without compromise" at who can be against us?" home and abroad; the real effort to make Christ dominant in every sphere of life; the number of God is for us. Laborers for Christ, lift up your heads. those who contend valiantly for the faith though Be not dismayed or disheartened, God is for us, who can perhaps not always lovingly and tactfully; the be against us? The mountain is full of horses and chariots sacrificial gifts made to mission work by the poor; of fire, and we must not trust the carnal vision to which the spirit-filled prophets that God raises up on spiritual forces are invisible and unreal. The only way the mission fields-men like Kagawa, of Japan; to do any work for the unseen God is to work as well as Sadhu Sundar Singh, of India; Chung Ching Ye, walk by faith, and not by sight, to beli~ve that beyond the of China; Erasmo Braga, of Brazil, and J. E. K. range of our short vision and finite observation stretch Aggrey, of Africa. limitless realms of truth and fact. Behind all work for God stands God Himself, its inspiration and its assurance, its warrant and its reward. Let us believe that His com- mand constitutes authority and His promise security.

ARTHUR T. PIERSON.

Practical Training for Christian Work By WILLIAM J. WEEKS, New York EXTRA-CURRICULAR activities are often a and delivering missionary and evangelistic ad- very important part of a college or semi- nary. The study of the classroom is supple- dresses. Several filled part-time pastorates; othmented by practical experience. In the National Bible Institute (New York), the Student Prac- ers acted as Sunday school superintendents. tical Work Department is not only a supervised training division but is a medium through which For more than twenty-seven years the National evangelistic effort and Christian educational activities are conducted. During the past school Bible Institute, of which Dr. Don O. Shelton is year the aggregate number of persons reached by the Institute students exceeded sixty-five thou- President, has gone forward proclaiming the Gossand. The professed conversions reported numbered one hundred and sixty. pel and training young nien and women for serv- In addition to their regular studies, the stu- ice on home and foreign mission fields. Thousands dents fill weekly assignments in teaching Sunday school classes; teaching classes in week-day of students have been enrolled in the day and church schools, supervision of young peoples' and children's week-day groups, participation in radio evening schools, and through evangelistic meetprograms, song leading and singing, assisting in rescue missions, conducting outdoor evangelistic ings outdoors and in Gospel Halls hundreds of meetings, assisting in pastoral work, preaching thousands have heard the Gospel. In meetings conducted under the auspices of the National Bi- ble Institute in New York during the past year there was an average aggregate attendance of more than 6,000 people every week. Many gradu- • ates have gone forth as ministers, missionaries, evangelists and Bible teachers.

The Institute has suffered, like other Christian work, from lack of financial income but reliance is placed on God and His promises. .

A Christian College for Chinese W omen*

By W. REGINALD WHEELER, Nanking, China American Presbyterian Missionary on the Staff of Nanking University GINLING College, Nanking, opened its doors and has been the pioneer in the use of the spoken in 1915, with one class of nine girls; in (Pei Hwa) idiom in Chinese newspapers, maga- 1934 there were 213 students from sixty- zines and books. At the recent Founder's Day eight senior middle schools in thirteen provinces. ceremonies at Ginling, he spoke on "An Optimist The faculty has increased from eight to fifty; the in the Current Pessimism." He referred to the courses in the curriculum from eight to ninety; position of women in China in the old days and in the College budget from $10,000 (American) to "Women's Education in China Today," saying: $150,000. The library opened with one set of en- "In spite of the popular cry heard lately that modcyclopedias and it has now over 23,000 volumes. ern education in China is a failure, I believe that much progress has been made. Women are thought to have been oppressed by men in the past; yet women had much power in the home and her position was safeguarded as perhaps it is not today…. On the other hand, they were not treated as persons. Now that women receive education, they are on an equal footing with men.

NEW LIBRARY-,ADMINISTRATION BUILDING AT GINLING The total cost of campus buildings and equipment is 'approximately (U. S.) $600,000. Over 300 women have gone out from the College and are working in fourteen provinces; sixty per cent of the students are engaged in educational work; the second largest group is doing social and reli- gious work; medical work is third; and public service fourth. Each spring more applications . are received for the services of the College grad- uates than there are students to fill the positions.

The able president is Dr. Yi-fang Wu, a graduate of the first class of Ginling in 1919.

Dr. H. H. Kung, a Christian and the Minister of Finance and the Vice-President of the Execu- tive Yuan (Cabinet) of the National Government, who studied in America at Oberlin and received his master's degree from Yale, has given clear evidence of his interest in Ginling and his belief that it is the· best women's college in China, by A GROUP OF CHINESE LEADERS AT GINLING COLLEGE sending his two daughters there. Dr. Hu Shih; Dr. H. H. Kung; Mr. Wang Shin Chsoh; PTesldent Wu Dr. Hu Shih has been the leader of the Liter- Emancipation has given women equality. Alary Renaissance in China which has brought though it may have lost to them some of their old about the relegation of the study of the classics, power, the gain is that they have become intelwith their terse and abstruse "Wen Li" style, to a secondary place in the school curricula of China, ligent, reasonable individuals. The opportunity for personal development which has come to them modern t'Imes puts them under obllg' at'Ion .t 0 In • Glnling College, Nanking, was founded twenty years ago. Found-· er's Day was recently celebrated at the opening of the 'new Library- Administration Building and the Chapel-Music Hall. Many forelgn- cultivate their minds." ers and distinguished Cblnese attended the celebration..

[ 187]

I Were Black*

By LEILA AVERY ROTHENBURGER The Wife of the Pastor of the Third Christian Church, Indianapolis, Indiana AVERY alert and widely read gentleman who education I would have to join my husband as a happened to be a Pullman porter told me wage earner. Culturally we would be cut off from that he would hate to be a white man. His practically every fine feature of advancement and reason, stated without trace of rancor, was that entertainment that the city offers, other than the while the Negro has a hard time physically and public library.

economically he does .not in addition have to battle I begin to list Negro families I know in which his own meanness. It was an evaluation of the the parents are trained folk-doctors, teachers, relative spiritual calibers of two races. religious workers; people whose positions are in- After due deliberation I have concluded that it dicative of their character and preparation.

was the Pullman porter way of saying what Arch- The first is a dentist who maintains a home ibald Rutledge said in another way concerning the comparable, in this case even as to location, to black race, "Their feet may trudge' but their souls mine. Recently during the illness of the little child are winged." in that home, the mother, unable to leave, tele- About four years ago I listened to a Christian phoned to the nearest grocery, explained the situ- Endeavor group discuss the question, "Would you ation and asked that certain much-needed articles rather be born black or blind?" Concentric circles be delivered at her door. The grocer refused. The of thought produced by that incident are still wid- delivery boy, touched by sympathy, surreptitiously ening in my brain. If I were black? Trying to fit took the things to the mother. .

into this mood I have read books, searched tables Next Miss X comes to mind. She is a university of statistics, listened to speakers white and black, graduate and a high school teacher. When "Green made a s·eminar journey into the Southland and Pastures" was booked to appear in my city, the repeatedly have found myself submerged in a sea theater sent letters to all high school teachers urg- of discouraging facts. ing them to see this remarkable play by an all- Many of these facts the whites need to know in Negro cast. Unable to go herself but thinking the order that they may understand how underpriv- invitation sincere, Miss X notified a friend who ileged the Negro is physically, economically and would want to see the play. This person ordered culturally. But when all such facts have been a ticket by mail and on the afternoon before the presented, I am inclined to think that, if I were performance made a trip of one hundred twenty- black, it would not be these handicaps that would five miles to the theater. At the door she was concern me most. They would no doubt worry refused admittance because her ticket was for a me but they would not crush my heart. The thing part of the theater where a Negro might not ven- that would dishearten me is that which is made ture and the limited section to which they were vocal for us in Countee Cullen's poem, "In Balti- restricted was sold out. A member of the board more," in which he tells of the chilling blight of of management of a large Y. W. C. A., and anoth- racial hatred as it falls upon the heart of an erst- er high school teacher had the same experience.

while happy lad of eight. It is this downright They were free to walk the streets while they med- meanness, passed on to childJrom parent, that I itated upon the land with "liberty and justice for should not be able to endure unless indeed my soul all."

had wings. Do you remember the thrill that was yours as a I am the wife of a minister, belong to the so- child when you rode on a merry-go-round; how called middle class, university trained, and I am you picked out the particular charger you desired rearing a family. Suppose my skin were black. to ride? The-tantalizing music set your toes danc- How would the picture change? As a family we ing. Pictures of lovely ladies whirled by so fast would sink in the scale of living. We would be you could not tell which was the loveliest. It was forced to move into a neighborhood much less de- hard to watch both the ladies and the horses.

sirable. Economically we would sink to the verge When your turn came, how you wished that nick- of poverty. If my children were to continue their els. grew on bushes that you might ride and ride.

• From World Call for February. 1935. My third name is that borne by a little lad who [188 ] gazed with shining eyes a long summer through. human meanness that the dominant race in our Why could not he ride? Rather than tell him his land shows to its minority groups. father took him along on a trip to New York. At Coney Island the ride went on and on until the But why go on? Such a recital always irritates pocketbook was cleaned of the last nickel, but certain groups who either accuse one of being whether the lad or the watching father enjoyed it sentimental or fling back with, "Why don't you more only the gods can tell. This father is a tell the good things the whites are doing?" The trained executive, head of an institution that is fine things done are blazed forth. If I were black doing a most constructive work in community up- I should try to talk about them more; being white lift. Judged by his training and what that train- I need to find where I am at fault. ing is doing for the civic body, his child should have every right that mine has. If I were black, I am concerned to know what I would do if day it would be denials of a child's right to happiness after day such things had to be faced. For a long that would give me the Pullman porter philosophy. time I halted between the pronouncements of two other gentlemen whom I might have quoted in Speaking of the child brings to mind the case preference to the Pullman porter. One of them is that runs the closest parallel with mine. It is a Dr. John Hope whose sensitive face comes to mind minister's home. Both parents are college trained as he says, when speaking of a rebuff, "Such and shepherding a large church. One of the chi}.· things are so common in our lives that they no dren has defective eyesight. I can think of noth- longer cause resentment, only fatigue." The other ing that I as a mother would struggle so hard to is Dr. W. E. DuBois who, looking us squarely in keep for my child as that bit of precious vision. the eyes, speaks in his beautiful, well-clipped Eng- When the one class for the conservation of eye- lish, "We grant you whites superiority in only one sight was opened this child was rejected because thing, the technique of personal insult." her skin is brown. If I were black what would I think? Would I One intolerably hot day we sat cooling ourselves be able to show the world a face beautiful as an in one of the well-known chain drug stores. A etching with suffering and weary patience? Or Negro came in and, after purchasing and paying would I, with an assurance born of the knowledge for several articles, asked for a soda. In a voice that I was right, hurl the javelins of bitter truth? that could be heard by everyone present the clerk said, "If you want a soda you'll have to go outside o would I good-naturedly give thanks that I was to drink it." not born into a race whose soul is mean? Since I am not presenting an argument with reference there are many more Pullman porters than there to the policy of the drug store or the above-men- are John Hopes or Dr. DuBois', I surmie~ that, if tioned theater. We are dealing with this matter I were black, I, too, would have the Pullman porof meanness. If commercial concerns are going ter philosophy." to pursue the segregation policy, why are they not decent enough to do it when it means the loss of The term is used, not to indicate that this is the money as well as of what they think is social thinking of this group of public servants, but as status? summing up perchance the rank and file feelings of the tenth of our population who arecdark of Could This Happen? skin. When I repeated this porter's sentence to a well-known Negro writer there came a sudden Not long ago the Federal Council of Churches illumination of the face that told me this evaluaput out a pamphlet entitled Could This Happen in tion of the white race struck a responsive chord. Your Community? We studied the leaflet and found it all too easy to duplicate the instances of Is it true? Do I belong to a race whose soul is mean? Carrying in my mind's mirror the faces of a Hope, a DuBois, a Negro poet and a Pullman porter, I am not at ease.

Christ's true crusaders start with a Pentecost; all else is possible after that experience; methods, machinery, resources-all these God will supply-we must supply the men-the hearts, the minds, the wills.

Great spiritual movements are born in prayer; are the outcome of lives regenerated by God, consecrated to His Kingdom, and baptized with fire by His Holy Spirit. "Aggressive evangelism" does not come merely because a committee or commission passes a resolution that we have it. There is a price to pay, and God only waits for us to fulfill the conditions. The time is ripe for a great spiritual movement in India. God moves-He leads-He calls. -"Go Forward !"-By Bishop Benton Thoburn Badley.

Youth Challenges White Youth*

… [ By J. S. LEDBETTER, T,,,,,,/ing Sal"mdn Ij!o– [EDITOR'S NOTE' The following article comes from a traveling affairs of the American nation. The youth of my salesman of the B~ick Motor Car Co., who m~ils it "en route fro~ race, a minority group tied to you, in spite of Berea" with the statement that "as a travellllg salesman land 0 whatever may be said, by 250 years of the unre- Berve~H he had chanced to drop in, uninvited, on the chape fserv;~e quited toil of their forbears, are wondering if, in of Berea College because he heard that a Negro woman or e your effort to achieve a greater civilization, you first time was to 'speak there. The articl~ is a copy of the notes he will ride roughshod over them, or if in Christian took, with incident impressions and convICtIOns.] institutions like this, built around a religion in- telligently conceived and passionately believed, ·N THE chapel at Berea College, on December you will develop that sense of fairness and justice, 14 was enacted a scene which promises a that expression of neighborly-mindedness that will include them in your plan and program for r ch~nge in the attitudes and thinking o.f thou- the development of a finer and better America in which to live." sands of white youth, not only from the hIlls and valleys of Kentucky, but from the ten or more The students' eyes were fastened on the speaker other Southern states represented by the students. and for full forty minutes she held both teachers and students to an almost uncanny silence in her In a scholarly and dignified manner, .wi~h a cul- appeal for justice for her people. tivated voice and gestures of unusual sIgmficance, a little black woman, who has won the title ?f. Doctorate from one of the outstanding universIties of her people, Charlotte Hawkins Brown, protegee of Alice Freeman Palmer, founder and pron;oter of an unique school for her people in the PIedm?nt section of North Carolina, in an eloquent and Im- What Negroes Want passioned plea, challenged the 1,600 or more. stu- The main points emphasized in these expecta- tions were a guarantee of full protection of the dents of Berea College in an address entitled, law under any and all circumstances. Dr. Brown suggested that they exhibited weakness when they "What the Negro Youth Expects of the White substituted mob law for the civil law which they themselves instituted. She also asked for the fol- Youth in Their Tomorrow." lowing things: This Negro woman was the first woman of he.r 1. An opportunity for Negro youth in any and gr:ouP to bring a message to these students. ~resI­ all vocations for which they show an aptitude.

dent William J. Hutchins, who by way of mtro- 2. Equal educational opportunities. 3. A proper evaluation of human personality duction in the weeks that preceded the visit, and underneath black skin. (She stated that failure in this brought about lynching and flagrant inhad given a partial history of her achievements in justice tv people they regarded as not fully created human beings.) education and interracial goodwill. Now he pre- 4. The abolition of purely Negro jobs and an open door to earn a living, with equal wages for sented Dr. Brown as one of the outstanding wom- equal work. 5. The same respect for members of the Negro en of America. race that white people feel entitled to from the Negro race. As an onlooker and listener it was pleasing to contrast the gentle welcoming applause with the thunderous ovation which followed her last words, "Will you meet us half way?" .

After expressing her delight in the opportumty to be at Berea of which she had ihnetahrdatmdeulcihghdt~uurling her New England childhood, brogue flavored by a little of the North Carolma musical twang, she proceeded thus: .

"There is no gift within the range of the Amen- can people that cannot be yours as American white ' She gave striking illustrations of how lack of boys and girls. The industries, the institutions, ordinary courtesy to human beings because their tqhueeawtheeadltth~ and thTeomgoovrreorwnmtehn~t;eairnes awlriellad~ey be- faces are black causes the looking upon color as you. put the badge of a servant always. She told the story into your hands. From the pOSItion of PresIdent, of how a traveler had once taken Booker T. Wash- mSeonraetoir~paonrdtaCntonogfrfeicsessmoafn,ctooutnhtey smaller but ever ington for the porter and had asked "George" to sheriff and city carry his baggage, and Dr. Washington carried it, councilman, you will have the administering of the and on refusing to accept a tip revealed his iden- • From Advance, Boston, January 31, 1935. tity, to the man's shame and confused apology.

[190 ] The speaker said that race prejudice was nei- what a Negro may achieve in culture and educather inherited nor inborn; it had to be taught or tion, her own best appeal and challenge to the cultivated, that Negro women have the hardest white youth of America for fair play and justice time, because white people generally felt that they to her people. When in her closing sentence she could easily be prostituted. said, "I promise God to teach my youth to strive to establish understanding, sympathy, and inter- Dr. Brown emphatically stated that the Negro racial goodwill," with a voice quivering with deep did not want to be white, that he was not seeking emotion she fiung out the challenge to the youth intermarriage. "Marriage," she said, "is compli- of Berea, "Will you meet us half way?" Tears cated enough as it is, without adding the extra filled the eyes of old and young, and the burst of burden of racial mixture. Furthermore, Negro sustained applause that shook the building was an men and women need not go out of the race for indication that this woman, a credit to her race white skin, because slavery had produced a suffi- and to American womanhood, had struck a deep cient supply of mulattoes for their children, and chord in the hearts of white youths of the South, their children's children, if they want light-col- to whom Berea College itself is a challenge. ored mates. Negroes want a chance for self-expression, fair play, and equal opportunities for The day ended with a conference of the comprotection and advancement." bined faculty of 150 or more members, who, after poignant and searching questions, voted that day The last ten minutes of the address gave a rapid as one of the red-letter days of the year, and many review of the founding of the Palmer Memorial were heard to say that a great forward step in Institute at Sedalia, N. C., the financial and racial race relations had been taken. . struggle under which it had been developed from a church for a schoolhouse, a log cabin as a dormi- Making a Garden tory, to its half-million-dollar plant, its significant and interesting interracial program, and its suc- Man ploughs and plants and digs and weeds, cessful endeavor to enlist the interest of its white He works with hoe and spade; neighbors. God sends the sun and rain and air, The recital brought vividly before the group the And thus a garden's made. fact that, notwithstanding her achievements, Dr. Charlotte Hawkins Brown must still suffer the He must be proud who tills the soil, indignities and prejudices heaped upon the illiter- And turns the heavy sod; ate and undisciplined members of her race. Education and culture make little difference. How wonderful a thing to be In parternship with God. There stood this Negro woman, an example of -Ida M. Thomas, in The Maritime Baptist.

SHOPPING IN NANKING ROAD* A Missionary's Wife Reports Four Interviews with Chinese Clerks By HELEN DAVIES, SHANGHAI Missionary of the American Baptist Foreign Mission Society Shanghai is a place of unfailing interest. One day in Sincere's big department store in Nanking Road, the boy waiting on me said, "Are you a jiao-huei shang tih ren?" (a church person) . I smiled and said, "Yes, are you ?" He said, "Yes, and this store is owned by Christians." I asked him where he learned English and he said: "Oh, this store has a night school. They teach us English and business methods, and dzan-chen (approve) Christia.nity."

A few days later in a shoe shop, the young clerk was so kind, I said to him, "Where did you learn English?" He replied, "I go to the Moore Memorial night school." I found that he was a Christian and I left him beaming.

Later, in a leather-goods shop the clerk said, "I studied in a mission school, and I am a Christian." An older man in the store joined in our conversation.

Believe it or not, once again in a tailor shop, the head man quoted a price and added, "For Christians we deduct 10'10." When he said he was a Christian, I burst out, "Praise the Lord, I am so glad."

I went out rej oicing. What impressed me most was to discover that in four separate business places in Shanghai, Chinese business men were not ashamed to admit that they are Christians.

• From Missions, New York. Effective Ways of Working 'Tested Methods for Increasing Interest at Home Ii s. EDITED BY MRS. ESTELLA AITCHISON, GRANVILLE, OHIO ~r-==================I~ OUR FIELD SURVEY Young I was and full of vigor, . Worship Services for Current When the ringing message came: He Still Lives Themes "Go ye-give to every nation The world cannot bury Christ. Christ the blessed Saviour slain." Mrs. Garret Hondelink, of 417 The earth is not deep enough for His Alexander St., Rochester, New So with prayers and gifts I've York, sends two devotional out- tomb; labored, lines as used by her in her sum- The clouds are not wide enough for mer missionary con fer e nee Here at home and 'cross the sea, teaching, the comprehensive His winding sheet. Telling forth the old, old story, theme being "Bible Light on He ascends into the heavens, Duties to Strangers." The first But the heavens cannot contain Him. How Christ died for them and me. is for use in meetings on "Ori- He still lives-in the Church- entals in American Life." Which burns unconsumed with His Now with faltering steps and feeble, Knowing that my race is run, Chapter I: Transformation of love; Chinatown.- Ex. 23: 9; 22: 21; Deut. In the truth that reflects His image; I implore you, dear young daughter, 27: 19; Ezk. 22: 7; Mal. 3: 5; Job In the hearts which burn as he talks Take the work so well begun. 31: 32; Ps. 146: 9. Music: "Where Cross the Crowded Ways of Life"; with them by the way. Weak-I'm faltering by the wayside- "Lord, When to This Our Western -Edward Thompson. You are strong and young and Land."

A Golden Anniversary brave; Chapter II: What about the Jap- Take the tapers in your keeping; anese? Scripture:-Deut. 24: 14-17; Capitalizing anniversaries for Thou Shalt Not Oppress the Stranger. missionary emphasis is a spirit- Go thou forth the world to save. Music: "Our Country's Voice Is ual conservation of energy. The Pleading. Poem, "Look from Thy following pageant written by (Young woman receives the candles.) Sphere of Endless Day." Mrs. C. W. Emery, of Drexel Hill, Pennsylvania, was used at YOUNG WOMAN: Chapter III: The Filipino. Deut. Bethlehem Presbyterian Church, 10: 12-19. Love the Stranger. Music: Philadelphia, on the occasion of Gladly take I all these tapers, "0 Master Let Me Walk with Thee"; the fiftieth anniversary of the Mother, from thy trembling hand. "Hail to the Brightness"; "Now Be founding of a woman's mission- the Gospel Banner." ary society. Adaptations might B'ravely thou hast borne the burden, easily be made for other occa- Scattered joy in every land. Chapter IV: Light from Hawaisions. ian Experience. Scripture:-Ps. 133. Thou hast freely sent the message, Brethren Dwell Together in Unity. Characters: An aged woman, Where the Saviour was unknown; Music from "Pageant of Darkness and symbolizing the past fifty years, Light." Poetry from same. wearing black gown and head Into souls that walked in darkness drapery and carrying a tray Has the wondrous glory shone. Chapter V: The Riddle of the with fifty lighted candles. A Future. Scripture :-Eph. 2: 11-22. young woman dressed in white Weak I am and most unworthy Fellow Citizens. Music, "In Christ and wearing a wreath on her Of the task so humbly given. There Is No East or West"; "Amerhead, symbolizing the coming ica, the Beautiful"-last stanza. half century. Pray this light upon the pathway May lead many souls to heaven. Chapter VI: How the Church Can AGED WOMAN: Help. Scripture:-Heb. 13: 1, 2; AGED WOMAN (Lifting eyes to heaven Mat. 25: 34-40. Attitude Toward Fifty years of loving service and placing hand upon Young Strangers. Music: "God Save Amer- In my trembling hands I bring; Woman's head): ica"; "Lift Up Your Heads, Ye Gates of Brass." Poem: "America, the Joyful years of sweet devotion Jesus, Saviour, help this maiden; Shouts of War Shall Cease." To my Saviour and my King. Take her, train her for the task; The second outline fits "Japanese Every year a candle blazing, Give her joy in loving service, Women Speak." Sending radiant light afar; While this century shall last. Chapter I: The Church at Work. Into darkest lands its shining Let now thy servant go in peace, Scripture :-Rom. 10: 11-15, adding Tells the story of the Star. With a perfect faith in Thee, Miss Kawai's comment, pp. 4-6. Mu- sic: "Tell Me the Old, Old Story," That the knowledge of Christ shall and hymns on the Church. Poem: cover the earth Vachel Lindsay's "An Endless Line of Splendor." As the waters cover the sea. Chapter II: Selling the Gospel (Aged Woman retires silently Wares. Scripture:-Isa. 55: 1-11. while Young Woman remains holding candles and looking up- ward. A voice or chorus hidden from view sings softly one or two stanzas of "The Light of the World Is Jesus," Young Woman quietly retiring during singing.) [192 ]

1935J EFFECTIVE WAYS OF WORKING

Music: "Sowing in the Morning"; sale and the event is made a for inspection, there is a series "God Is Working His Purposes Out"; large feature. of twelve programs covering a "The Whole Wide World for Jesus." Poem: "Shall We Eat Our Morsel lJramatics Pertinent to the year, entitled "Builders of His Alone?" by Bishop of Derry. Current Studies are requested of Kingdom" whose topics are such this Department from time to as "The Place of Prayer on the Chapter III,' Advance in Education. time. Here are pUblications that Mission Field," "The Red Man Scripture :-Prov. 4: 5-13. Music: have been recommended by those for Christ," "Open Doors To- "0 Word of God Incarnate." Poem: using them: day," etc. A package of acti- Woman's Christian College, report for 1929. "0 Kiku San Weds," a dramatiza- vating leaflets covering the top- tion showmg customs of betrothal and ics accompanies the booklet. Chapter IV,' Building the New marriage m Japan and adapted from Japan. Scripture:–Jas. 2: 14-26. The the play, "The Japanese Weddmg." While considerable of the litera- Motive for Social Service. Music: united Uhristian IVllsslOnary :::lociety, ture is denominational, much of "To the Work"; "At Even, Ere the lviisslOns .tlUlldmg, Indlanapohs, Ind. it is also general and the outlines Sun Was Set"; "Thou to Whom the are all adaptable to any church Sick and Dying." Poem: By a Leper "Chnst in the .I!'lowery ISle." Wom- Patient. an's Hoard of Foreign IVlissions, Re- use. formed Uhurch in Amenca, ~5 .t;. Sec- An Ideal Missionary Society Chapter V,' Women at Home. Scrip- ond :::it., N. Y. City. 5 cents. ture :-2 Kings 20: 12-15. What Have is depicted in an article in The They Seen in Thine House? Music: "The Sword of the Samurai." Cen- Friends' Missionary Advocate, "0 Happy Home"; "Home, Sweet tury Co., 350 Fourth Ave., N. Y. City. Home." Poem: "The Cotter's Satur- Elaoorate pageant, 18 characters. '15 in which we note the recomday Night." cents. mendation: "Programs should not be too long and should em- Chapter VI,' Peace and Internation- "The Cross Triumphant." Three brace both home and foreign al Friendship. Scripture:-See pp. episodes, 40 characters or less if parts 188, 189. Music: "Modern Mission- are dOUbled. 35 cents. "AdoptlOn," work . . . Many think light reary Hymn," by H. H. Tweedy; "In One-act sketch, seven characters. 25 freshments promote sociability Christ There Is No East or West." cents. "The Other Point of View." Poem: "What of the Night, 0 Watch- One-act sketch, six characters. 25 and the benefit derived overbalman?" cents. "Sunlight or Candle Light." ances the cost and labor. Per- One act, five characters. 25 cents. sonally I would dispense with In case the above outlines are in- Missionary Education Movement, 150 them except on special occasions sufficient, it is quite possible that Mrs. Fifth Ave., N. Y. City. . . . Two papers or talks of not Hondelink might be willing to answer a reasonable number of inquiries if "The MonolOgue of a Japanese more than fifteen minutes each accompanied by stamped and ad- B/l'ide." Literature Headquarters of will usually be found long enough dressed envelopes. Woman's Missionary Society, United Lutheran Church, 723 Muhlenberg to carry the message needed and Field Briefs Building, 1228 Spruce St., Philadel- will not weary those who listen." phia, Penna. 2 cents. A Relay Meeting or Story A Worthy Missionary Enmakes a good program for vari- "A Japanese Madonna," Four char- deavor in the Cumberland Mounety, dividing a missionary nar- acters. 5 cents. "The Madonna of tains, in Tennessee, by the Presrative into suitable sections and the Gift Shop." Seven characters. 5 byterians, is the work of the assigning these to different par- cents. Woman's HO'/1~e Missions Mag- Sunday school missionary with ticipants to tell-not read unless azine, January, 1935. "Meiko's Quest." absolutely necessary – the one Two characters. 5 cents. Address the Parent-Teachers' Association starting the story handing the 420 Plum St., Cincinnati, Ohio. in the Sixth District. Certain familiar athletic relay race wand to the next narrator and so on "The Cross Roads." (Data given parts of the program on either to the end. Supplemented with later.) side are coordinated so as to suitable devotionals and music, the editor's story, "When a Kurd NOTE.: The Editor of this Department be of service to the child, the Becomes a Christian," pp. 24-29 carries no literature. AI! requests for In- home, the community and the in the January REVIEW, would formation conce.rning methods must be ac- school without doing violence to be excellent and could not fail companied by return postage. to impress an audience that the a non-sectarian policy. The evangelistic message and method A Reading Course with cred- plan covers the territory of 350 have not lost their power. its and awards is maintained by the Women's Missionary Federa- public schools in seven counties. An Invalids' Auxiliary to a tion and Lutheran Daughters of A report of the Sunday School Missionary Society. The Edin- the Reformation, with headquarburgh (Scotland) Medical Mis- ters at 425 South Fourth St., Missions says: sion Society holds an annual sale Minneapolis, Minn. This course of work done by a coterie of in- includes assigned portions of the Through this mlSSlOn, vacation valids who are thus able to make Bible each year, the Church pe- Bible schools, visitation of communitheir contribution to service. It riodicals and a list of devotional ties, etc., we endeavor to preserve the is given early in the year because and missionary books adapted to religious life which is the bulwark of the committee has decided that the interests of men and boys as our civilization. The places of repurses are not so empty then as well as women and girls. We ligious need shall continue to have under the numerous appeals that note that THE REVIEW is in- our attention. To strengthen, fortify come later. Cards are circulated cluded in the credit list of peri- and maintain this work, friendly conwidely in advertisement of the odicals, and that the book list tacts shall be maintained with edu- includes numerous undenomina- cational and community welfare tional publications such as Rob- groups. We shall continue to work ert E. Speer's "Of One Blood." in behalf of neglected boys and girls and to give them spiritual guidance In their literature packet re- and teaching. The Unit of Sunday cently sent to this Department School Missions occupies, a strategic position in the Presbytery of the Cum- berland Mountains. '

Clever Devices exploited at the according to characteristics of organ- Poster Contest conducted by the summer conference of the Meth- izations, etc. The silver offering made executive committee of the Genodist Woman's Foreign Mission at each table may be allocated as de- eral Synod in the Reformed sired, as: That from the two or more Church in the United States. It Society of the Cincinnati Dis- senior groups pays for the supper, was written by Mrs. F. R. Cas- the junior organizations keeping theirs selman, of Tiffin, Ohio. Sumtrict, at Lakeside, Ohio: for specific objects, etc. One table marized for brevity, its leading furnishes the music, another the de- points are: A large poster with tiny balloons votionals, another a dramatic sketch, attached at the bottom of the sheet, and so on. This excellent idea came A secretary of missions appointed these being advanced upward accord- also from the Lakeside conference last ing to a graduated schedule of each summer. for the Sunday school, this person arwoman's activities in her local society, such as Christmas or Thanksgiving A Choice Pageant is described by ranging, unifying and supervising a offering, use of mite box, field sup- Elizabeth Fensom, of the Baptist Litport, etc., the unique marker going erature Bureau, the title being, "The complete program of activity, inclu- ·'over the top" when the full list was Cross Roads," by Elsie Hand Klinger. attained. It is recommended "for such a time as sive of adult studies and activities. this." The author's foreword says Anyone wishing to get stories, plays, Japanese fan-pockets to be used as that it is not a pageant of pagans and receptacles for dues, baskets and tiny Christians but one which uses the par- books, missionary letters, etc., goes to pocket books serving the same pur- able of the Wise and the Foolish Virpose. gins to illustrate the different degrees her. of consecration between Christians Scrap books of art paper (obtained and Christians. "It is a question not The aim with the beginners is to at ten-cent stores), each page featur- only of reaching or missing heaven ing some department of the society's but also of taking or losing the op- lead them to think in terms of others held work. When a member of the portunity for the fullness of Life." by such means that the little folks will society pays as much as a dollar, she This pageant was first used at the has her pIcture mounted on the page Northfield Summer Conference in not only have interest but also love featuring the specific work toward 1929. Its characters are: Revelation, which her contribution is designated. Consecration, Opportunity, Foreigners for brothers and sisters unseen. If (20 or less, only six having speaking this is well done, there will be no later A poster with a scale up the center parts), Pilgrims, Hindrances, and any of the sheet to mark altitude, one goal desired number in a choir. This may problem of interesting young people of the organization for each point on be obtained through the Baptist Lit- in missions. "One day Charles asked the scale. A heavy curved lme near erature Bureau, 152 Madison Ave., the top indicates the beginning of the New York City, or any similar denom- us to call him 'Mr. Sunshine.' We stratosphere which the organization inational headquarters. Price, 15 or the mdividual desires to penetrate. cents. asked him why, and he said, 'We each This and the poster design pre- The Prince of Peace Declama- have a name. I am Mr. Sunshine. viously mentioned might be used sepa- tion Contests. Since the war rately or combined in one, as the spirit as well as the facts of war Teacher calls Kenny, "Mr. Blackbird." Methodist women used it. are among the greatest obstacles to Christian missions, a number He has a black suit with a red tie. Handkerchief showers for Japanese of denominations are now includ- Mr. Blackbird is an Indian. We play missionaries raising money abroad ing these contests in their misthrough holding bazaars, handker- sionary programs each year. A Indian Sunday school.' " chiefs being excessively high in price booklet containing twelve orain Japan. tions which won first place in In the primary department, picture various State Peace Oratorical Blessing boxes distributed among Contests during 1932-33 has books are made for the boys and girls the membership, a penny to be dropped been printed by the Ohio Council in each time a personal blessing is of Churches and may be obtained in Japan, the materials being cut from noted. from that organization, at 44 East Broad St., Columbus, Ohio. old Sunday school papers and pasted Valuable key words to be used in Price, 25 cents. Information reprograms: "Give to the Lord and not garding contests will be fur- together according to a central theme to the treasurer." "Gush and grin nished free. The United Chrisfolks." "Now (a word of which John tian Missionary Society thinks -pictures about Jesus, about God's and Paul made frequent use), trans- so highly of this phase of misposing its letters for unique effects: sions that it includes two of the helpers, policemen, firemen, bakers "If we work hard now, we shall own declamations in its regular lita share in the missionary enterprise; erature packets. and the like. Groups of nations such and if we own a share or responsi- as Indians, Mexicans, etc., are feability for closing the year satisfactor- A Missionary Program for the ily, we shall also own a degree of Sunday School tured. Next month there will be satisfaction in having done aur part." "Weare won for Christ and are not The Outlook of Missions for stories and songs about the far-away our own: we are bought with a price." June prints the story which won friends, and the following month suit- "The victory will be won if we earnest- the first prize among Sunday ly do all the things suggested in the school teachers and officers in the able missionary plays will be introprogram. The battle over defeat, dis- 1934 Stewardship Essay and couragement and the depression will duced. Still later, "a real mlm from be won and ours will be the reward; India" will be engaged to talk. And but nothing will be won if we allow procrastination to rob us now; so now so the work will enlarge. let us pay our dues, subscribe for the missionary magazine, attain the sev- Among the young people, "Someeral goals, etc." times the teacher leads but more often A Family Party in a church, with a free supper, each organization seat- we have one of the young folks talk ed at a separate table with suitable decorations, money receptacle for of- on a missionary subject. Occasionally ferings, song sheets with homemade jingles to familiar tunes, place cards we have a foreign student or a re- turned missionary speak, or we have snapshots passed around which have been sent us from the field. Once in a while part of a letter from a mission station is read." A temperance leaflet written and illustrated by the Chinese is shown. An Arabian tells of his all- night watches on the hills of Bethle- hem. Each class is named after a missionary or a mission project, and each Christmas a box is sent to the particular stations. In the fall, mis- sion conference reports are rendered in the form of dramatizations, imag- inary broadcasts or informal round tables where the delegates sit around a table and share with us the inspira- tion and information gained. .

The home department of the Sunday school supplies the shut-ins with copies of the home and foreign mis- sion day services, the mission plays given, as well as letters from mission- aries. It is no wonder that the be- nevolent apportionment of such a church is paid fully and on time.

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BULLETIN OF The Council of Women for Home Missions ANNE SEESHOLTZ, EXECUTIVE SECRETARY, 105· EAST TWENTY-SECOND STREET, NEW YORK ~=~~~~~~~~~~~ Missionary Meditations has to be kept up every day and 2. THE PRACTICE OF ETERNITY 1. THE PRACTICE OF THE CROSS all days . . . This was a call to IN OUR HEARTS. give up their current ways of IN LIFE. thinking and to think more On Good Friday, 1927, G. deeply; to change their stand- Studdard Kennedy read the Can the blind guide the blind? ards of good and evil for truer story of the trial and crucifixion Shall they not fall into a pit? of Jesus on whose cross was the ones; to leave their present accusation, placed by a for- Thou who teachest another, selves to attain a higher plane of eigner, "This Is Jesus the King teachest thou not thyself? living together." of the Jews." As one listened to the reader, time and space were Jesus called the multitude It is suffering that has no forgotten. The congregation unto him, with his disciples, and meaning which makes us desper- was present at the trial and the said unto them, "If any man ate; it is suffering caused by crucifixion. And the Son of would come after me let him man became veritably the Son deny himself and take up his man's inhumanity to man which of God, to that assembly nothing cross and follow me." makes us bitter and rebellious, doubting. On another occasion, and breaks both heart and spirit. G. Studdard Kennedy taught, Who was this Jesus who early "We have seen that we are terriin life knew that he was the be- Grant us, 0 Father fied at having to bear the Cross, loved Son of God and who most but sooner or later it comes to us. often referred to himself as the Clear eyes of sincerity, Jesus' means of communication Son of Man? He came out of a That today we may look fearlessly with God were not different from wilderness experience to share over thy world, . ours.. He built up his world for his idea of the Kingdom of God. He gave his life to teaching and And through tragedy, evil and pain himself as we do our own, but his was the real world; it was of healing and did not allow the ac- See indwelling the whole, Thy Spirit. real value and had a meanclaiming crowd to make Him ing. . . . their king. Show us the Cross of Thy passion, 0 Christ, "We may have doubts and Who was this Jesus who wonder whether his way was the healed the sick, comforted the The meaning of all man's past, all his right way, or is there a truer sorrowing, who fed the hungry future, one. He bared his breast to the and then spent whole nights in foes and died in consequence, prayer in preparation for the Bound up in that Cross: and on Good Friday it looked like next day? He was in his early Show us the glory, the beauty, the joy the end of all things but Christhirties when he set his face tianity does not take his death steadfastly toward Jerusalem of Calvary, as the end. Which was right, after he told his intimate Teach us to bear Thy Cross forward. Jesus or His crucifiers? That is friends that going there meant the crucial point. Weare asked his death. His disciples fol- Amen. to stake our life on the principle lowed him. of love and discard hatred and From the Divine Companionship: warfare. Is it possible? It Who was this Jesus who in would not be, if we were left to Gethsemane while his followers J. S. Hoyland do it by ourselves, but we are slept could accept death as the not. God is on our side, so there way to fulfill his life's work? [195 ] is no impossibility. The dis- ciples realized that, as they went In an article called "The As- further with triumph, not as tonishment of the Cross," L. P. failures." Furthermore we have Jacks calls our attention to the each other in the church now enrecord quoted at the beginning, circling the globe. Are we towhich implies that Jesus asked day "like sheep, gone astray"? the multitude, not just his dis- Are we turned "everyone to his ciples, to take up their crosses. own way"? It is "an invitation not to take part in a ceremonial affair once in a lifetime" but to make it "the continuous keynote of the new life … a self-renunciation that

The man who wrote Eccle- PIONEERING TODAY IN Daniel A. Poling, called attensiastes and could write very tell- tion to the "World Day of ingly of the meaning of life and AMERICAN LIFE* Prayer," which this year falls on the vanities thereof, wrote in March 8. She urged that it althis connection: By MRS. ORRIN R. JUDD ways be referred to with the completing phrase "for mis- "I have seen the travail which The alluring theme, "Pioneer- sions," and that women engage God hath given to the sons ing Today in American Life," singly or in groups in prepara- of men to be exercised featured the program of the an- tory prayer at noon on Mondays therewith; nual meetings of the interde- in order that the fullest signifi- nominational Hom eMissions cance of the day be realized. He hath made everything beau- Council and the Council of Wom- Miss Seesholtz spoke of the need tiful in its time; also He en for Home Missions in Phila- of integrity of purpose and of hath set eternity in their delphia, January 6-10. The .the importance of group-action hearts." theme suggests that there is no cooperation, in the pioneering of easy road ahead. There are today. We thank Thee that in Thy presence many obstacles in the way. All barriers break, Churches exist that are indiffer- Home mission literature for ent and self-centered. There are 1935 is based on the theme All illusions dissolve, scoffers who count home mis- "Pioneering Today in Home All accidents of time and space vanish sions "a spent enthusiasm." Missions." It includes the usual Nevertheless there is also con- volumes for various age groups. away, fident hope and faith that the In addition, an American edition All separation, all bereavement, is courage w hie h characterized of a remarkable book recently those who first blazed Christian published in London, has been abolished trails across this continent is issued by the Missionary Educa- In the exceeding glory of Thy audience still a vital force. There are new tion Movement. It is entitled goals to be set and new triumphs "The Jew and World Ferment," chamber. to be achieved. by Basil Mathews.

Grant that we may know ourselves Although separately organ- Courageously both Councils working ized the· two Councils work in faced up to the problems of to- close cooperation. Separate ses- day. Changed conditions of In- Together in Thy one service, sions were planned for the morn- dian life resulting from new gov- Each in each knowing and sharing ings, and joint sessions for the ernment policies, necessitate a The hard and smooth, the bitter and afternoons and evenings. The restudy of service in that field. discussions included intimate Wide opportunities beckon to the sweet, and intricate details of Young united Protestantism for Chris- Members of each other made one in People's Work, Home Mission tian guidance in government In- Planning, Merger of Churches, dian schools and increasingly Thee Work among Migrant People, for friendly service through the One tool to work for Thee. the Christian Approach to the establishment of Christian cen- Jews, Church Building, Coopera- ters in Indian communities. One new creature in Thyself. Amen. tive Service to the Indians, and to New Americans. Promotion That the home mission enter- J. S. HOYLAND. of Home Mission Interest and prise must be adjusted to an in- Beneficence-a kaleidoscopic va- tensive era was the concluding "And Jesus came and touched riety of problems of common in- topic. "Home missions must now them, and said, Arise and terest. Breakfast committee learn to meet the needs of the be not afraid. meetings provided for additional new frontiers resulting from a discussions. From these emerged closing-in process. Moving pop- And lifting up their eyes, they reports for consideration in the ulations were part of an expan- saw no one save Jesus full sessions, such as "The Share sion era. We can no longer solve only." of Christian Youth in the Church our problems by moving away." Life," and "Young People on the Challenging all present to the *** Boards of Local Churches and task of making Christian mo- Their National Organizations." tives and standards more deter- An International Relations mining in all areas of life, this News Release gives news of the The annual meeting of the inspiring meeting of the Coun- Tenth Conference on the Cause Council of Women for Home cils adjourned. and Cure of War, Marathon Missions was pleasantly intro- Round Tables, and a "Message duced on Monday evening by a "And Jesus came and touched to the Churches." The follow- Fellowship Dinner which fea- them, and said, Arise and ing books were recolllmended at tured three addresses on: "Chris- be not afraid. the Conference on the Cause and tian Women as Modern Pio- Cure of War: "The Backwash neers." The president, Mrs. And lifting up their eyes, they of War," by Ellen W. LaMotte saw no one save Jesus (Putnam), $2.00; "Why Wars • Quoted by permission from Missions, only." Must Cease," by Ten Authors March, 1935. (Macmillan), $1.00; "Must We Have War?" by Ascher Henkim (Doubleday), $2.50; "The Power of Non-Violence," by Richard B. G reg g (Lippincott), $2.50; "Peace with Honor," by A. A. Milne (Dutton), $2.00; "Europe Between Wars," by H. F. Armstrong (Macmillan), $1.25; "The International Community and the Right of War," by Don Luigi Sturzo (R. R. Smith), $3.

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1 OUf W orld~wide Outlook ~'~I~====A=M=issi= ona=ry N=ew=spa~per~of=Cu=rre~nt E=ven=ts ~~~~~ INDIA AND BURMA in which it is stated that Islam out of the family and society.

Religious Liberty in New stands ready to sanction plural "We are willing that the Chris- India marriages when there have been tian community as a political en- no children from the first mar- tity should fade out," said Dr.

Dr. Cornelia Sorabji, an In- riage. It was hoped that popular J ones, "provided you allow peodian Christian lawyer, a des- opinion will increasingly oppose ple to stay in their homes and cendent of a Parsee family, re- plural marriage. be frank, open Christians, memfers to the Indian Joint Commit- The conference urged that the bers of a moral and spiritual ortee's promise of religious equal- Sarda Act be more vigorously ganization called the Christian ity and freedom from interfer- enforced. Most women of India, Church, without disability or ence with religious practices. including all the enlightened She contends that this· freedom ones, are opposed to child mar- penalty. They need not change riages. Much can be done by their dress nor their food. They is to be conferred on emanci- such conferences in creating could still be vegetarians if they pated Indians who are "more popular sentiment in favor of definitely outside the affected doing away with this evil. The desired, they could stand in the All-India Women's Conference stream of India's culture and inarea than the British them- will next meet in 'Travancore. terpret Christ in that stream. selves," and cites the Sarda Mar- As Indian women more and more Are you willing to advocate riage Act and the Temple Entry will be taking their place in the this?" Mr. Gandhi's reply was: ordinary councils of India the Bill (for Depressed Classes) as women's conference will find "Personally, I would. If my son types of well-meaning but mis- less and less scope for its activtaken legislative efforts which ities. -The Indian Witness. should become a Christian in the sense which you indicate, and have provoked threats of "blood- New Kind of Idolatry there should be no brandy and shed such as India has never cigars :involved, then I would In Benares, high place of idolknown before." She declares atry, among the shrines to mon- continue to hold him as an honthat the Sarda Act has been in- key gods and elephants gods, to ored member of my home and effective and has set back re- Shiva and Kali, there is now a would allow him to hold his faith form, and sees no protection for temple for a modern sort of wor- without interference. If you religion in the Committee's re- take this attitude most of the port. She calls for the viceroy's objections against Christianity previous sanction for any bill affecting religious usage and in India will fade out." -The Christian Century.

asks a two-thirds majority in the ship. There is no image within; Inter-Mission Business Office legislature for any such bill ad- just a great marble relief map, vocated by orthodox Hindus. Announcement is made of the fifty by fifty feet in dimension, opening of the Inter – Mission done to scale scientifically with Women's Conference-and Business Office in Bombay, Marriage India's mountains and rivers all which the REVIEW has already accurately drawn. Here is na- mentioned as in prospect. Three A women's conference is no tionalism, young India's object American missions are responsilonger a novelty in India; there- of worship-Mother India, spa- ble for starting the project; the fore the All-India Women's American Marathi Mis s ion, meeting at Karachi was not giv- cious and beautiful and ancient. -Sunday School Times. Church of the Brethren Mission en much press notice. A strong Stanley Jones Interviews and the Southern Asia Branch resolution was passed appealing Gandhi of the Board of Foreign Misto women to object to plural sions of the Methodist Episcopal marriages; to refuse to marry a Dr. Stanley Jones, in a recent Church. Three others have exman with another living wife. interview with Gandhi, put some pressed their desire to cooperate, This will be difficult to enforce questions to him about converts and twelve others have already unless others, besides the women to Christianity becoming a sep- entered into a partially cooperto be married, are opposed to arate political entity in India. ating arrangement for one plural marriages. Most of the Dr. Jones pointed out that Hin- year. Some of these have exteeth of this resolution were re- dus do not allow anyone who pressed their desire to consider moved by another resolution chose to follow Christ to remain full cooperation as the office bepassed by the Moslem members, in his own home, but put him comes more fully established.

[197 ]

The advantages of such an of- But one building after another where we preach, entertain male fice will be gained when a few was added, other workers came; guests, and do personal work. We missionaries will be able to re- in 1922 an outstanding need was have one preaching tent sixteen by lieve a large number of missions met by a school for girls. This thirty-two feet and a smaller one for from the necessity of maintain- has had a steady development. the women's work. These tents are ing a separate business office Then the Peabody-Montgomery pitched within sight of one another in with missionary personnel and Home for tubercular women was the villages where we get good heara separate staff. Chief emphasis opened. There is now a school ings. In the evenings we show lanat the beginning is being put on for missionaries' children, giv- tern slides on religious subjects or the ability of the office to offer ing significance to Taunggyi as preach. Around the tent walls we better facilities for the sale of a mission center. Because of the hang Gospel pictures, done by native drafts, arrangement of travel, healthful climate, a number of artists. We have forty folding stools, and banking in Bombay. The retired missionaries live there. and generally borrow a table and office is located at 82, Esplanade chairs from the villagers. I propose Road (American Ex p re s s – Watchman-Examiner. to teach the evangelist in the morn- Bldg.), Fort Bombay. ings, and in the afternoons to preach Missionaries Need Revival Too to the villagers. We intend to spend -The Indian Witness. at least three full weeks in any given At an evangelistic confer.ence center-longer if interest warrants. Epidemic in Ceylon of about seventy-five teachers and preachers at the English Christian Colleges in China Mary Leitch, missionary of Methodist Mission at Kyaukse the American Board in Ceylon, last October, about 40 witnessed Christianity is meeting some is seeking to enlist help in stem- to their faith. But it was a criti- of the fundamental needs of the ming a new plague that has cal moment when one of the Bur- Chinese people as they struggle broken out in Ceylon. Her let- mans said: "Well, it's all very for a new national life. Christer (dated February 6) states: well for us to face up to our sins, tian colleges are a very potent but what about the mission- agency in this reconstruction. There are 12,000 dead and at least aries? Will- they admit their sins Fukien University has made a 1,000,000, one sixth of the island's too? Will they confess as well contribution along four different population, afflicted by the ravages of as we?" A young missionary lines: a mysterious green germ malaria, a then made a complete surrender malady new to British medical science. of his life. He confessed his sins (1) Through the study of science I saw children less than 15 years of and witnessed to the new power and the spread of scientific education. age dragging their dead parents to and love of Christ in His life. graves, and I saw sick and dying men Redemption and release became (2) Through the study of Chinese and women burying their children. real, and then the Burmans too culture with its rich resources ac- wanted this release and joy and cumulated through many centuries. The London Mail of Feb. 4th power which only Christ can reported: give when we are ready to be (3) Through rural reconstruction, absolutely honest about our sins. one of the most urgent problems of The expert of a group of distin- present-day China. guished malariologists told the United CHINA Press tonight that the death total in (4) Through Christian character Ceylon's "green germ" malaria epi- New Methods in Tsinghai building. Many Fukien graduates are demic will probably reach 50,000. The today serving China with consecrated danger is that the disease may spread Mr. and Mrs. John Bell went lives. to India, and from there to every part from Canada in 1921, to work of the world. for the C. 1. M. in Tsinghai. -C. J. L., in the Missionary They are now undertaking a new Herald. Missionary Center in Burma work, described by Mr. Bell in China's Millions: New Medical Work Northeast of Burma are the Shan States under the general We have moved to an entirely new The C.M S. has opened an ursupervision of the British Gov- and unworked district. It is interest- gently needed work in a market ernment, but under the direct ing from several standpoints. The town near Canton, South China, rule of chiefs or Sawbwas. population is made up of Chinese, a center for 20 villages. H. A. Taunggyi is the capital of this Moslems, aborigines and a few Tibet- Wittenbach writes in The Life territory, and 28 years ago was ans. All speak Chinese except the of Faith: without any Christian. About latter. Facing the main street we that time Dr. and Mrs. A. H. have a shop which has been cleared In the first month over 400 patients Henderson, American Baptist of counter and other fixtures, and were treated. There were over 1,300 missionaries, set up a dispensary equipped with a table, two chairs, and visits to the clinic, the average daily and day school for the dozen or some benches. The walls are white- attendance being about forty-five. A so children who s e parents washed and decorated with Gospel Christian dispenser has been engaged. braved the wrath of the Bud- posters. At one end is a small room As yet there is only accommodation dhist community and subjected partitioned off, and in it a kang on for out-patients. Christian and other their children to Christian teach- which the evangelist sleeps. It also posters are displayed on the walls of ing. On Sundays there was Bi- contains a cupboard for literature and the Gospel hall, which serves as a ble teaching and public worship. medicines. This is the preaching shop, waiting room for patients, and church There was vigorous opposition. workers have an opportunity of ex- plaining these, and of teaching those who wait. Christian literature is also available for those who can read. Several new members have been brought into the Church, and the clinic is already having an effect on public opinion.

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

"The Christian Farmer" could resist. We modified the limb published in Isfahan, in its issue we had learned to make, and after of January 3, 1935, published an The Christian Farmer, news- some experimenting we had the pleas- article entitled, "The World paper for rural Chinese, has had ure of seeing Mrs. Liu walking with- Bows Down Before Islam," as a good start. At the end of the out support. Some time later the follows: first two months the paid sub- same Convent sent us a girl of about scription list was 2,400, and rep- nine, who had also lost both feet, and Recently M. Benito, the Italian resented 19 provinces as well as within two days of the last try-on, she, philosopher, has been converted to Korea and Siam. Four-fifths of too, was walking, proud and unaided. Islam. When such deep thinking peothe subscribers were related to We have altogether supplied that con- ple accept Islam for their religion, it some Christian organization. vent with five legs, and received shows that Islam is the best religion. The articles are written in a lan- through them $100 (£7 lOs.) towards M. Benito, after conversion, is pubguage understood by thousands the task of setting China's cripples lishing a weekly magazine on Islamic of recent literates, chiefly rural. on their feet. principles and privileges to give the The paper is published under the news to others. auspices of the North China -The Chronicle. Christian Rural Service Union, In one of his articles he writes, "I and is financed by the Presbyte- JAPAN-CHOSEN want to ask the European missionrian China Council, the Chris- aries who go to the Orient for mistian Literature Promotion Fund Mikado a Moslem?-Not Yet! sionary work why they go there and and other special gifts. The edi- try to disturb the Orientals? What tor is Mr. T. H. Sun, a former The following article (trans- benefit do they give to the followers Secretary of the National Chris- lated) appeared in an Arabic of Islam? Aren't they deceiving themtian Council of China. That this newspaper in Latakia, Syria, the selves? I, who am a Farangi, do my newspaper is filling a great need Al-Irshad for September 24, part in giving the good tidings of is indicated by the following let- 1934: Islam to my countrymen. Islam is the ter from a reader in Kansu only religion of peace and comfort Province: It was reported a few weeks ago and the protector of world peace." that the MIKado of Japan had em- "The Tien Chia paper (The braced Islam. 'l'hen thIS was denied Another Italian teacher writes an Christian Farmer) has given in certain quarters. "He had not yet article in which he points out that up great satisfaction to us all. We embraced lslam, but was sympathetic to some years ago the Christians have about a dozen different towards it-That's all!" But we have showed Islam to be the worst religion magazines here, but they are all come across very important facts in of the world, but fortunately the prepared for the better-educated an article in Al-Ayam, taken from an Europeans, especially their diplomats, classes and are quite beyond the Indian paper DmnWian Star (sic) found out the truth that the only way understanding of us farmers. about the Islamic movement in Ja- to get away from the world. crisis ~s The Tien Chia is the only maga- pan … by accepting the peace-seekmg relIzine in which useful information gion of Islam. is rendered in simple language A Japanese Islamic delegation rewhich even women and children cently arrived in India, Afganistan, Such is propaganda! Can any can readily understand. Weare and Persia, bearing official papers be induced to believe these statesending $1.50 for five subscrip- from the Japanese liovernment, and ments, entirely unsupported by tions for one year." has begun to meet with some of the evidence? The credulity of men Muslim Ulama and confer with them is great, especially if they have -Rural Missions. about a journey to Tokyo to observe no access to facts. The memory the Islamic movement there. The of men must be short, and their Putting China on Its Feet members of this delegation stated that knowledge very limited, if they the number of those who had em- can forget the Turkish and other Dr. Keith Gillison of the Un- braced Islam in Japan up to the pres- Mohammedan aggressive wars ion Hospital at Hankow says ent had reached 65,000 in Tokyo alone! and massacres of racial and rethat no annual report is com- and that there were many eager to ligious foes, which so clearly displete without some mention of adopt this religion but who were prove the preposterous claim artificial legs. waiting for someone to explain to that "Islam is the only religion them its beauties. of peace and comfort, and its Weare now working on leg number protector of world peace." 61. What pleases me most, however, The members of the delegation is the fact that we have not only made added that the government had desig- Facing Religion progress in making limbs, but have nated large amounts in its budget this found it possible to begin tackling year to build mosques in Japan, and A big Japanese daily newspacases of double amputation. The Con- it is expected that seventy mosques per declares that "one of the vent of St. Anne sent me a Mrs. Liu will be built there within five years. most significant developments in who had lost both feet from frost-bite. A member of the delegation was Japan in the past year or so is Previously it had been our rule to re- asked about the report that the Mi- the sudden interest shown by fuse to attempt such cases-it was kado had embraced Islam, and he con- the people in religion." This felt that the type of limb we turned firmed it, saying that the emperor takes the form of making reliout was not suitable for those who had been converted by the Turkish gious books best sellers. The had not one sound foot to stand on. sheikh, Muhammad Ali Bakir. But Broadcasting Association of J a- Mrs. Liu, however, had a pair of ideal some of the European papers attempt pan puts on a morning religious stumps, firmly healed, and the temp- to deny the news for fear that its ef- service. Buddhism, Confuciantation to help her was more than we fect upon Moslems will be to make ism, Christianity, all are being them pro-Japanese. It is enough that considered. "Once," says the an American paper, looking at this Times, "Marxist publications report from a purely commercial and socialistic books were best standpoint, said that the Mikado had embraced Islam to expedite the sale of Japanese goods in the Islamic world.

The vernacular press in Per- sia also publishes stories of the spread of Islam. Erfen, a paper

sellers in Japan, particularly modation was for 730 patients, C. E. Objectives among the younger generation, there were already 910 inmates; From all of Korea's thirteen but today religious books are but they readily agreed to re- provinces, from Manchuria and best sellers. It is quite a wide ceive 80 homeless fellow-suffer- Japan came 2,157 registered step from Marxism to Buddhism ers. delegates to attend the first or Confucianism, but it is true quadrennial convention of the that the people of Japan are At a memorial service at Ai- National Christian Endeavor more interested in religious con- seien a blind survivor told how Union held in Pyengyang, Sept. solation thap. in Marxism or Fas- he himself had been saved by 1-6, 1934. One delegate came cism." Miss Nakano. He had been from over 100 miles beyond Har- walking in deep water, sup- bin. Attendance so far exceeded Methodist's 60th Anniversary ported by her, when a high wave expectations that a second edi- struck them. When he was even- tion of the programs, song books The anniversary of the com- tually saved he cried bitterly on and badges had to be hastily ising of the first Methodist mis- hearing that the chief nurse was sued. It was estimated that sionaries to Japan 60 years ago missing. He wept again at the 2,000 took part in the Convenwas widely observed last winter. service, crying "She died instead tion communion service. At a great mass meeting in Hibi- of me, me, helpless, blind, half ya Hall, Tokyo, 1,500 listened to dead, ugly leper !" A list of objectives was Bishop Akazawa's appeal for a adopted: spiritual solution to Japan's -Without the Camp. present difficulties, and personal Double the membership in four loyalty to Jesus Christ. A joint Uphill Work in Rural Korea years. choir of 120 voices from all the Methodist churches of the city, It has been said that with a Encourage all to read good books under the leadership of Prof. good man, a living allowance and magazines. and a village in which to put Train young people's leaders.

Nakada of Aoyama Gakuin Col- him, it is possible to start a Emphasize temperance. lege, gave assurance by their group of Christians almost any- Acquaint the church with the need singing in Japanese a number of where in Korea. About a year for work among juniors and intermedifficult sacred oratorios that ago the Presbyterian Rural Com- diates, and train leaders for these. Japan is no longer dependent mittee of Korea offered to pay Organize junior and intermediate upon foreign musicians for guid- half the salary of a man to go societies in each church.

ance in music. Another evidence into an entirely non-Christian Each C. E. member teach at least of Methodism's growing power country district, if the Presby- one person to read during the year.

is the announcement that during tery would pay the other half. Keep ownership of land. Do not 1934 nine new churches of the This was agreed upon, and Lee sell even to educate children.

denomination have been dedi- Heung Soo, an elder with suc- Economize. Never spend more than cated, four of them in Tokyo, cessful experience as Bible So- Yen 50 for weddings and feasts. and largely free from debt. ciety colporteur and an evangel- Encourage hygiene.

-Christian Century. istic worker, was sent into one Work land together and use pro- of the most hopeless districts ceeds for young people's work.

Leper Colony Swept Away among the mountains, a place Thank God for Christian Endeavor notorious for its large number of in Korea. Among other disasters result- communists. At first there was ing from the typhoon that swept much indifference and some per- -Korean Echoes. Japan last September, the Soto- secution, with no permanent rejima Leper Colony near Osaka sults to speak of. But Mr. Lee's Young Girl's Prayer was wholly destroyed. Of the last letter says: 594 inmates 170 lost their lives The Missionary Link puband also 14 members of the staff By the blessing of the Lord I am lished the first prayer in Engand their families. Among the well and enjoying the preaching of lish of a fourth year student in latter was the chief nurse, Miss the Gospel greatly. Yesterday, Sun- Doremus Girls' High School, Ja- day, five influential young men of this pan.

Nakano, who did everything pos- district decided to become Christians, Our Father in Heaven: I want to for which I am exceedingly grateful, thank Thee that I can live and thank sible to save the helpless blind and there are many signs of the Chris- Thee every day. We are so happy patients. The colony had been in tian work doing well here now. We that I forget to think of poor people. existence for twenty-five years, have over forty meetings now for Please help me to think about the poor and new buildings which were worship, and in a number of places people, and though I can do but little near at hand several people in each let me do anything I can for them. almost completed. But new and place are also acknowledging themold were all swept away in less selves as Christians. Under the aus- Please let them know God in than an hour. The 424 survivors pices of the township office and the Heaven, because when we know Thee were distributed among five oth- public school an agricultural conven- we can live most happily and lead a er leper institutions in various powerful life. parts of the country. At Aiseien, tion has been held here, and I have national leprosarium at Okay- been attending, and have had many Please give me power and bravery opportunities of speaking a word for in life. Please let me study faithfully ama, where the normal accom- the Church. every day. Please let me spend today in thankfulness. -Korean Echoes. This we ask in Christ's name.

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

PACIFIC ISLANDS Courage in Midst of Danger posts maintained by the church for more than a century. Important Gain in New Britain The Big Nambas tribe in the Scarcely a month before, dras- mountains of Malekula are ad- Only a few years ago Nakanai, mitted to be the most turbulent tic retrenchments by the Nation- New Britain, was 100% hea- cannibals remaining in the New al Council seemed inevitable. In then. Rev. A. E. Brown reports Hebrides. Apon, a native evan- desperation, Bishop James De that within ten years eleven vil- gelist, has volunteered to work Wolf Perry made a personal aplages have been occupied; many in this dangerous field. At a more have been visited, so that prayer meeting, before his de- peal to a small group of individ- ual Episcopalians of g rea t the Gospel is gradually penetrat- parture to his new sphere of la- wealth for five gifts of $20,000. ing the whole area. Mr. Brown bor, he prayed: "Man Big Nam- He not only secured his $100,000 writes of Australian Methodist bas they are fighting and shoot- but an additional gift of $30,000 ing each other, and we are some- from some one who wanted to work: times in danger. But we have build a hospital or a school in Jesus. We thank Thee for His China. In addition to the large There is an increase of fifteen mem- love. He stops with us and gives gifts there were smaller donabers in full, and nineteen on trial, . .tions totaling $70,000 raised by with two hundred and forty seekers; us His great work to do." individuals in a last-minute apand we now have teachers in 36 vil- peal. lages. We have five boys as candi- -The Christian. dates for George Brown College. NORTH AMERICA A Hand Written Bible Great keenness is displayed by the children of the new villages, the teach- Home-the Strategic Center Recently 300 business and er reporting that often when they are working in their garden children ap- There is widespread concern professional men finished writproach and request that they be taught there and then. In our new villages the first steps have been to teach the people the days of the week, for making and keeping Ameri- ing a 4,000 page copy of the Biand to encourage them to prepare food on Saturdays for Sundays. Often the can homes effective agencies in ble in Mansfield, Ohio. The task teacher will be in his house, or per- Christian training. The Presby- was started by the First Luhaps in his garden, when a group of terian Church has laid special theran Church. It was in con- men conversing together will send a emphasis on this during the nection with a Bible course. boy to the teacher to ask him when it will be Sunday again. year, and evidence of intense in- Each man was assigned sixteen terest from all parts of the coun- to eighteen pages of copying. Preaching is their subject for con- try is reaching the Board of versation throughout the week, and When the work was completed often reports of a sermon are carried Christian Education and the the pages were bound together to other villages for discussion. joint committee set up by the and made two volumes of six Conversion of Batak Chief General Council. Requests for inches thickness each. There are materials gIvmg suggestions not many such hand written Rev. Ragnar AIm, American about making the emphasis ef- Methodist missionary to Sumat- copies of the Scriptures in the ra, recently baptized a Batak fective in the local church have world. The scriveners declared poured in in such numbers that they had read and learned more chieftain who had been a bitter enemy to Christianity. After his it has been difficult to take care of the Scriptures than ever bebaptism the old chieftain told of them promptly. Many ser- fore. the large congregation of his long search for peace. As one mons are centering on the em- -Watchman-Examiner. phasis ; study and discussion of their most famous witchdoc- groups are under way, and spe- United Lutheran Policies tors, he had done everything to cial programs are being introplease the spirits, how he offered duced into a variety of situa- The Board of American Misto them on the high mountains, sions of the United Lutheran tions. Other denominations em- Church, recognizing the increasunder the holy trees and at the phasizing family religion this ingly important part which linsacred rivers, but the spirits had guistic groups are playing in the year are having a similar experigiven him no peace. He had. ence. development of American life fought the Christian religion and One Church Balances Budget both in the United States, plans its messengers when they first to subsidize religious publica- came to his village, and he tried Released unexpectedly from tions in foreign languages, espe- to keep his son from its influ- the most trying financial crisis cially those circulating among ence; but all in vain. Then he in its history, the National Coun- Hungarian, Slovak, Finnish, told them of the increasing in- cil of the Protestant Episcopal Spanish and Yiddish residents.

fluence of the living Christ in his Church announced February 14 The prime purpose is to afford own life, and how it was that he the balancing of an emergency the assistance of the Church to had come to realize that Christ, budget of $2,313,115 for the every effort made to counteract and Christ alone, could give the support of home and foreign the flood of godless, communistic peace he for years has been seek- missions in 1935. This result propaganda. The Lutheran ing. His changed countenance forestalls the expected recall of Church is more and more cen- showed that bitterness had given scores of missionaries and the tering all its home mission ac- place to good will. abandonment of mission out- tivities in the Board of Ameri-

can Missions. The Savannah partment of Prison Missions" 14. Fifteen thousand people Convention last fall took tenta- which is now three years old. filled the great Forum to capac- tive action on this, while the The program of the department ity and many were turned away.

New York and the Virginia Syn- is twofold, corrective and pre- A choir of 2,000 voices supplied ods have agreed to put to a test ventive. In the corrective field, the music, accompanied by the the plan's practicability by vol- the gospel is being carried be- Citadel band of the Salvation untarily turning over to the hind prison walls by means of Army.

Board their entire home mission religious services, Bible classes, The seven religious bodies co- activity for 1935. furnishing Bibles and individual operating in this campaign were Closer supervision of finances counseling; and also in this field the Baptist Church, the Church in every group applying for is the rehabilitation and adjust- of England, the Eastern Ortho- home mission funds will be put ment after release. In the pre- dox Churches, the Lutheran into effect. The Board will re- ventive field, the effort is being C h u r c h, the Presbyterian quire each group to submit a de- made to go before the schools Church, the Salvation Army and tailed statement of the pledges and churches of the state and the United Church of Canada. secured in the every-member- present to people their respon- Representatives of each of these visitation, and where the report sibility in the field of crime pre- groups took part in the service, is unfavorable, a trained worker vention. while hundreds of clergy were will be assigned to develop the This work is carried on in given seats on the platform. A group's understanding and prac- Minnesota only. Rev. Roy Olson, touch of color was lent to the tice of stewardship. Operating director, states in his annual re- scene by the black and gold robes upon an absolute "pay as we go" port, that he made 227 visits to of the Eastern Orthodox clergy.

basis, the Board allocated $500,- institutions, conducted 95 serv- The Bishop of Montreal deliv- 000 to about 700 missions in the ices, gave 464 personal inter- ered the principal address. United States and Canada. views, distributed hundreds of -The Living Church.

While the present policy is to- tracts, Bibles, and papers, had Children at Anvik ward strengthening existing 11 conferences with wardens, missions, plans for 1935 include and traveled 31,000 miles by car. Miss Dorothea McHenry, R.N., opening a large number of new -The Christian Century. points. of Christ C h u r c h Episcopal A Saul Becomes a Paul Mission, Anvik, Alaska, writes What One Girl Learned Louis H. Aronson, once a J ew- that she has furnished a room Here is another proof of the ish atheist, rea d Professor for six Indian boys of the misvalue of Vacation Bible Schools. James' "Varieties of Religious sion, ages 4 to 18, who have tu- At the conclusion of the D. V. Experience," with its many il- bercular hips, spine or lungs. B. S. in La Grange, Georgia, a lustrations of conversion and the Of this miniature hospital, Miss summer student worker asked new birth, and was much moved. the older children to write on Then he began to attend the McHenry is the whole staff, doc- "What the Bible School Has Pen i e I Presbyterian Mission tor, supervisor, student body, or- Meant to Me." From Christine Chicago, and there gave himself derly, maid, laundress, cook, Skelton, aged 15, he received the to Christ. He is now combating dish washer, seamstress, and chaplain.

At the time of Miss McHen- following: atheism among Jews of Chicago ry's writing the whole station was listening for the first air Bible school has meant quite a lot in parks and on street corners. mail to Anvik. When the work On a recent Sunday afternoon began there 40 years ago, there to me this year. I did not know very he debated with a leading commuch about the Bible when I started was scarcely one mail a year. LATIN AMERICA because I had never had the chance to munist in their own hall on the subject, "Resolved that the study it like I did these past weeks. Marxian Interpretation of the I also learned the seven essentials of Christian Worship and the seven kinds of prayer and what each meant. Origin and Purpose of Religion Missions Go On Prayer is one of the most important is False." Jews swarmed about phases of a person's life. If you can- the speakers after the meeting, Evangelical Christianity is not pray you should learn how. God asking questions, voicing objec- adjusting itself to the situation is behind every beautiful thing in the tions but withal keenly inter- in Mexico, and finding ways to world. God's works are the most beau- ested in the Christian faith. prove how useful a church can tiful things that you will ever see. If be. In some ways the work has you get out and study nature, and -Sunday School Times. been enlarged. A paster in one look at the beautiful side of things, of the well established churches it will help you to think of life more Montreal's Evangelism of the American Board Mission pleasantly and beautifully. Bible Campaign was forbidden to carryon servschool has taught me to look on the ices of worship in his church. best side of everything. A Service of Christian Wit- -Missionary Herald.

Prison Missions ness, opening a seven weeks' This proved to be a challenge to campaign of evangelism directed him and to his congregation; The Norwegian Lutheran by non-Roman Catholic churches they are using the church as a Church of America has a "De- of Montreal, was held January center of social service, thus

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

reaching people not influenced have contributed ten per cent of New Work at Ocano by it before. this to help relieve the pressure A little. over a year ago the To prepare pastors of other on American fellow-churchmen I c~urches for similar emergen- -The Living Church. Presbyterian Board assigned ~Ies, should they arise, a train- R~v. Thomas E. Barber and his mg conference on the social ap- Changes in Guatemala WIfe to ionpet hn eu pvawlleoyr ka mi noOn gcatnho~ proach was arranged in Guad- located alajara in the early winter. Within the last year or two mountains formed by the head Two of the most important the Roman Church has wakened waters of the Rio de Oro, a leadership training schools con- up to the likelihood that the branch of the Catatumba which ducted by the American Board country may grow Protestant, flows into TLhaekepopMulaartaicoaniboi~ Venezuela. still go on with the permission and now they are putting forth estimated at about 28,000. A of the authorities; lay leaders every effort to recapture lost group of fine towns lie around ~ho can minister to congrega- ground. At the first (1882) the qcana an~ a road connecting tions that have no ordained lead- missionary had to walk on the eIght or nme of these is being ~rs are being trained increas- street with a plain clothes police- conv~rted into a highway, thus mgly..The emphasis on religious man or two with him to guaran- formm~ a convenient circuit.

education and on the production tee safety. But within a few Reportmg their thyeeeaxrp'seriwenocrek~ Mr. Barber said of suitable Christian literature months after beginning that is being strengthened. necessity ceased and fanaticism had been the richest of their -Missionary Herald. kept growing less. missionary life. He described The Church in Haiti Of late the Liberals are begin- Ocana as a place which needs ning to recognize the necessity everything; one where most The Christian Church in Haiti of a closer alliance with the people have no conception of Evangelicals. It is a long call is a black church. Of its 15,698 from the plain clothes policeman what the Gospel is. m~mbers, over 15,000 have dark to one of the principal dailies s~~ns. In a republic of 2,500,000 . the other day publishing a good Scarcely two months after his cItizens, 90 % are black. Of its cut of the Central Church report was written, Mr. Barber (Evangelical) with its congretthweenBtiys-hfoopurancdleDrgey~noKnlryoltlw-aor-e- gation of 582 and the statement was brought to New York critwhite. Most of these black par- ~hat we are numerous and grow- mg, that it is the true Christian- ically ill, and died in the PresasoltnhsowugehreatrfaeiwnefdorinaHsahiotirtittsiemlf~ ity and a moralizing and spirhave been in America. There is itualizing force. byterian Hospital, February 4. ~n excellent ~heological college m Port au Prmce; it has a five- -Guatemala News. He had carried on evangelistic work for the Colombia Mission for 25 years.

Vacation Schools in Brazil year course, twelve months a New Hospital in Nicaragua "If anyone has doubts of the year. White supervision of this efficacy of church v a cat ion Church will probably be deeded A Moravian hospital was schools on the foreign field let opened at Bilwas Karma, Nicf?r another generation./ Par- aragua, in May last year. Grow- him come to Campo Bello M{nas tI~ularly interesting is .the dou- ing attendance at the clinic is BraZ'I1, " says Mrs. J. M."Sydenblmg of the member~hip in a seen in the following figures: May, 351; June, 278; July, 309; stricker. August, 584; September, 564; decade, among a peO'ple almost October, 800. Patients have "In 1932 we had five schools come from over seventy-five difstatic in numbers;' also to be ferent towns and villages, from and last December we put on stihx~ places 400 miles distant. The and not a missionary on noted is the increase in value of missionary in charge, after a trip over the district, reported church buildings,· from $13 000 that people are just beginning teaching force. All six schools to come, and that room must be to $105,750. In other words: ten provided for 125 patients daily. of the Campo Bello church years ago tJle churches were No figures are available for which has a membership of scarcely more than native bhuuiltsd~. the spiritual work, but each about 90, were in out-of-the-way !oday substantial concrete clinic and each operation is pref- and needy places. Three were tmifgusllhyavdeesbigeneneds,ucblsetaintu, teadd~qbueaatue- aced by prayer. The hospital is ~n the country on farms, one was 160 miles from Puerto Cabezas, m a near-by village six miles and permanent. from the railroad. The one in ~hFeon r the three years just opffaesrt~ our branch Sunday school had a general missionary matriculation of seventy. The ~ngs have decreased alarmingly sixth was in an unreached secms!lftfhereinh~ofmroemchaudrcehpreHssaioitniabnes~ tion of town and thereby hangs sId~ WhICh ours is as nothing, of a tale! An eight-year-old girl theIr penury have given more was so downcast because no school was to be held at the cent~an their quota to support mis- the source of most supplies. tral building that I asked her if SIOns other than their own. Fur- Drugs require from six to twelve she would not like to put on one thermore, native pastors, with weeks to arrive. herself. No sooner said than a salary of about $60 a month, -Moravian Missions. done! That same evening she

came with nineteen names that fruitful work among North total over 10,000. Financial she had secured on her street. Africa Moslem students in Paris. straits threaten to curtail this At once she took a 'short course' Though very difficult, the work work seriously. in programs and· direction, took is not in vain. Moroccans are -The Christian.

along enough materials and eager to buy tracts and Gospels. started her school. There was The method is to take up a posia daily average of fifteen pres- tion in a restaurant, or on a Protestant Disunity in ent, and the school ended with bench in the public square and Germany a final program and exposition read aloud to all who will stop Disunity in the ranks of the of handwork at which the proud to listen. Many a Kabyle stu- opposition Protestant clergy has dent has listened attentively, and helped Reich Bishop Mueller. parents were present." Some of the results are a new expressed deep interest. One According to the Ministry of the circle of the Woman's Auxiliary; Kabyle was brought to a confes- Interior's plans, Bishop Mueller a timid country woman has be- sion of faith by reading a tract, was to have been requested to come a capable leader, and her "Which of the Two, Christ or resign, but Herr Hitler discovhusband and three daughters Mohammed ?" ered the Confessional synods have become professed Chris- -The Life of Faith. were not united behind Bishop August Marahrens, who is head tians; Sunday school attendance Paris Tabernacle Church of the so – called temporary has grown remarkably. church government and sup- -Christian Observer. The Paris Tabernacle Church posedly its candidate for the post of Reich Bishop. Sturdy Christians in Bahia is undenominational, but coop- erates with other evangelical The financial administration From seven to 165 members movements. It is self-support- of Reich church affairs has been in ten years is the record of a ing. With only 300 members made entirely independent of Baptist church in Bahia, Brazil. Bishop Mueller by a decree From the parent hive another and none of them rich, it never- issued in the hope that dioceses church has swarmed off, which theless accepts responsibility carries on five Sunday schools. for spreading the Gospel in where the Reich Bishop is not recognized will nevertheless be Bahia is intensely Catholic, Paris, and even in the French willing to pay their quotas to a and when these people learned colonies, so that beside its own neutral finance commission. that the converted priest, Dr. support the church gives about Raphael Martins Gioia, was com- Catholic legal aid bureaus of ing to preach there, they went $10,000 a year to benevolent and Thuringian church workers' oron their knees for a week, ask- missionary purposes. It has six ganizations have been suping for a hall large enough to outstations around Paris and in pressed on ,the order of the accommodate the crowds they Brittany and a mission on the Thuringian Government.

knew would want to hear him. Ivory Coast, West Africa, with Their faith was honored, for the six white missionaries and three city turned over to them the largest auditorium in Bahia native evangelists. There is a Revival in Germany without further charge than the home for aged women and a cost of electric lighting. summer home for children. A Rev. Samuel Trexler, former religious boo k s hop is main- president of the United Lutheran As a result of these meetings tained. Synod of New York, after a two nearly three hundred persons months' tour of Germany and asked for instruction in the -Sunday School Times. Russia, predicts the ultimate things of Christ. Among the victory of the opponents of converts was a Carmelite monk. Christian Missionary Church, Bishop Mueller and his German The little church had to provide Belgium Christian movement. He says: him with a civilian's suit and a ticket to Rio de Janeiro, for fur- Two French-speaking churches "Everywhere one sees evither residence in Bahia would in Brussels of the Christian Mis- dence of an awakened churchhave meant certain death. The sionary Church of Belgium cele- in many cases a revival." In all visiting preacher, Dr. Gioia, had brated their centenary recently. churches he found overflowing to be accompanied constantly by The churches came into being as and eager congregations. He a bodyguard of evangelical a protest against the invasion of speaks particularly of an audichurch members. rationalism into the one Chris- ence of 10,000 people packed in tian community in Brussels at the Tennis hall in Berlin to hear -Sunday School Times. that time. Subsequently, a doc- Dr. Niemoller preach a simple trinal difference rent this church Gospel sermon, free from any. EUROPE and a secession followed. Stilr political allusion. "The most later both churches became part vivid picture that remains with For Moslems in Paris of the Christian Missionary me," says Dr. Trexler, "is the Church of Belgium. The or- noble army of martyrs and ganization today has 42 congre- Two young men of the North gations, 67 Sunday schools, 22 heroes of the faith who are ris- Africa Mission, Messrs. Warren ministers, and three evangelists. ing up in every part of the Rejch. and Hocart, are carrying on a Communicants and adherents They are men of apostolic mold,

1935] OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

and the result of their life and took them back to Poland. There out a man in the audience and asked prayer may bring a new refor- sixty-three were given Palestine him to pass the message on to the mation." -Christian Century. others present. When the leader fin- immigration certificates, the rest ished what he had to say, a round are presumably waiting for the table discussion followed.

Propose Union in Italy day when they, too, may realize In my travels on horseback with their hope. th~ .missio~aries I noted a very in- Methodist work in Italy has spIrmg thmg – the untiring and been carried on by two separate -Our Jewish Neighbors. never-failing efforts to proclaim British and American societies. Christ to passers-by, no matter where If plans for unions are approved AFRIOA or when we met them.

by British Methodists, the work Islamic Missionaries Medical care is sadly lacking. I located only one doctor in all the area visited. Several 'nurses and men of promises to gain in strength. The opposition to' Christian little medical experience are dotted American Methodists have of- here .and ~here among the villages, but fered to leave the field to the missionaries in Egypt last year nothmg IS done commensurate with British brethren. The essen- the need. Seemingly insurmountable tials of the proposed union are: has been followed by one unfore- difficulties are the daily portion, and seen result: defenders of Islam whenever Christ makes a victory in 1. That the Board of Foreign have seen that a live religion the soul of a man it seems the devil Missions transfer to the Mis- . must be a propagating one, and does his best to undo what has been sionary Society of the Methodist notwithstanding the fervor with done. Yet time and again the power Church the present work and of the. Cross has proved sufficient. most of the properties used for which they denounced Christian religious purposes, including the missionaries as intruders, Is- A Pigmy Ohief's Funeral Casa Materna Orphanage, near lamic missionaries are to be sent Naples. to China, Japan, Ethiopia and An extract from the diary of Miss M. Harman, "Heart of 2. That the International Col- South Africa. A training class Africa" missionary among the lege, on Monte Mario, Rome, be has been started in the Azhar pigmies: continued by the American University to prepare these for- Church. The pigmy chief was dead, his wife eign workers fo"r their task, was ill and I was sent for. It was hell The two churches are essen- which they describe as "going to let loose. The corpse with painted tially one in origin and faith. help their brothers in those face, hat on and handkerchief tied Their union will more than lands." A group of Chinese stu- over his mouth lay on a native bed on double the Methodist impact in the porch of a tiny hut. He died yes- Italy. -Christian Advocate. dents now in the university pre- terday and the odor was terrible, but sent an opportunity to train one woman sat hugging his knees, and another was fondling his hands and workers for China. A book is wailing over him. I could not talk to being compiled by Moslem lead- the sick woman for the noise outside.

All Ports Closed ers which is to be used as prop- aganda among English-speaking In the small space before the house A pathetic example of the people. Another committee has was a crowd of pigmies. Some womhomelessness of the Jews is re- undertaken to collect and study en sat in a circle clapping and singported from Poland. A company ing as one danced in the midst. Every- all Arabic publications which atof 318 Jewish young men and tack Islam in order to answer ob- one else was accusing, storming and women, seeking release from cursing. Three or four fights were grinding poverty and fired with jections and prepare young going on at once—a man and woman sheikhs with suitable weapons at each other's throats, two women hope of a bright future in Pales- for the defense of their religion. fighting like cats. Others were holdtine, ancient homeland of their The state radio is being used ing back a swearing woman literally people, embarked on a Greek dancing with rage, while another ship for the land of their dreams. continuously for Moslem preach- rolled over and over on the ground ing and the reading of the screaming. A leper woman worked But the admission of Jewish im- Koran. Once a week there is a herself backwards along the ground, migrants to Palestine is strictly radio talk by a man who calls shrieking, as she went, to throw herlimited. When they reached self upon the corpse. One man broke their haven all attempts to land himself "A Friend of Families." away and threatened to shoot poisoned -Blessed Be Egypt. arrows so there was more screaming were frustrated by shore patrols. and chaos, but one man thought things Turning about, the vessel then In Southern Ethiopia were too quiet and started to ring a set sail for Constantinople. wooden dog bell. There they had the same recep- Dr. R. W. Hockman, United tion. Next Salonika was tried, Presbyterian Missionary in Opening in Nigeria with the same results. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, made a three-weeks' journey into Ethi- In spite of many government The vessel cruised about for opia's southern provinces, and restrictions which are seriously nearly three months with its in the Woman's Missionary hampering Christian work in shipload of three hundred wan- Magazine briefly gives a few of French West Africa, the workdering Jews who were every- his impressions. ers are greatly encouraged. In one town, many of the Moslem where refused a place of refuge -a ghost ship that could find no The first thing which struck me teachers called upon the missionport where it could discharge its was the literal poverty in which the ary and listened very attentively human cargo. At last a Ru- missionaries are living, and yet like it. to the Gospel message. One of them openly admits: "While we manian ship was found which Another thing was the method of Sabbath worship. The leader picked

are in darkness, you have the discussed. Not many years in contributions from Australia, light." The responsiveness of afterwards Elat had the largest with the gradual reduction of the children in another place has Presbyterian congregation in the grants from England, is affectopened up the way for Gospel world. Although the group has ing the work seriously. Some of work in some of the compounds: been divided, Sunday morning the evangelists can only give new hymn books have been attendance at Elat often runs part-time service to churches and typed, and the first four chap- into the thousands. schools because they have to ters of the Acts of the Apostles There are now 94 mission- earn money to pay their poll tax. have been issued in temporary aries, and an African staff of But African leadership is being form. In Nigeria, special serv- 1,811. The work ranges all the developed, and men are showing ices have been held in the Girls' way from the most primitive, wisdom, tact and business abil- School at Wushishi which were among villagers to whom canni- ity, together with real faith and signally blessed. Paiko Chris- balism is still a live memory, to dependence on God as they take tians are keen to get the Gospel well-organized churches and over increasing responsibility. into the surrounding villages, schools under trained African Canon King, of the C. M. S., while new ground is being leadership. Becoming a church writes from Berega: broken at Lalibella, the "Mecca" member in the West Africa Mis- Early in the year the bishop apof the Coptic Church in Ethiopia. sion is not simply a matter of pealed for workers to go to the far belief and readiness to learn. west of Tanganyika to a place called There are t wei v e churches, No one is admitted for two years Dha, where new work is being started. nearly all cut out of red rock in after declaring a wish to join Although we have no difficulty in get- ting people to offer for work in the the mountain sides. Every ef- the Church. During that period his past life is scrutinized, and district, it is quite a different matter fort is being made to replace the anything wrong is set in order. to get them to go to a strange place fear of missionary "invaders" His behavior during the period hundreds of miles away. However, by a feeling of confidence and the appeal was made, and sixteen men, love. -The Life of Faith. teachers and others, offered. Of these, is subject to observation by the the Church council chose four, who were thought to be most suitable for "The Twelve" session. Where wives constitute the work. At a special farewell meet- wealth, polygamous marriages ing each recruit told how he had been An anonymous donor sent a led to offer for this service. It was fund to supply twelve new teach- are usually the most serious an inspiration to listen to their testiers for one year for the Basa problems. The wives must be mony, and afterwards more offers of 4istrict, northern Nigeria. It respectably cared for, and their Service were received. Four men are was felt that it would not be wise dowries repaid. The wonder is preparing for ordination. to open twelve new stations, which might have to be closed at not that an occasional would-be -The Christian. the end of the year, but that it Christian fails of acceptance, but would be better to ask for twelve that so many succeed, with all WESTERN ASIA the drags that pull them back. Turkish Women's Rights young unmarried men to volunteer as itinerant evangelists, go- In Portuguese Congo Letters from Istanbul record ing by twos throughout an al- In 1899 a mission was founded further reforms. One of the lotted area. Several young men at Kibokolo among a virile peo- most recent is the law which who were preparing to marry, pIe whose opposition made them grants to Turkish women the . ht t .. came forward and said they a stubborn soil in which to sow rIg 0 partICIpate in elections were willing to postpone their the Gospel seed. After twenty and to be eligible for parliament. marriage for a year. years the results were so meager Next session, therefore, about 30 women are to be deputies in the "The twelve," as they are that some suggested the aban- t t' I called, have been working since donment of the enterprise. But gKMrueurasutlatfnaaay,lOKanesamiatalssiseAmntbaoltwyii,rkocarllhtehades. May. Every month they meet the pioneer missionaries held on and recount the story of their and were abundantly rewarded. undertaken to put women on a labors; and so far their efforts At present, there are 1,734 f t· f I have been crowned with success. church members; a Christian 00 mg 0 equa ity with men. -C. M. S. Outlook. community of 5,000; 39 organ- Jerusalem Medical Center The Work at Elat ize? congregations; 38 evan- The Jewish E x ami n e r an- West Africa Presbyterian Mis- gehst-teachers supported by the nounces that ground has Jbeereu~ sion is a League of Nations in 2C4h,9u0rc0h;dI. s2p,e1n2s2arys.chatotla~nrsd,ancaensd. broken on Mount Scopus, itself. It was a German colony until the World War, then under salem, for the first medical cen- Much of the area.Is stIll u!lpos- _ ter and graduate school of medi- sessed. -Ltfe of Fatth. cine in Palestine. A nation-wide '

French mandate. Just over the Leadership in Tanganyika campaign is in progress in this border is Spanish Guinea, where country to raise $400,000 for the Spanish is added to the many Financial stringency is acute construction of the institution, African tribal tongues. At one in Tanganyika. The Church can which will be called the Hadastime conditions were so discour- only partially support itself at sah University Hospital, under ,aging that closing the work was present, and the serious decrease exiled German Jewish scientists.

Missionary

Books Briefly Reviewed for the Readers' Information A Christian Manifesto. By Edwin The Omi Brotherhood in Nippon. By pia, it is not a transcendental William Merrell Vories, LL.D. $1.00 colony, or a monastic retreat, Lewis. 245 pages. $2.00. The postpaid. The Omi-Hachiman Press, but a practical demonstration of Omi-H.achiman, Japan. Christianized economics working Abingdon Press. New York. 1934. in the world of today. All the This brief history of the "Omi property, gradually acquired, be- This discussion can be read Mission," founded in 1905, is a longs to all in common." In a straightforward narrative of the group of over 200, there is no with interest and profit even by remarkable experience of one of "minimum wage," and no divi- those consecrated American stu- dends are paid. "Duties are asthose who do not agree with all dents who responded to Japa- signed according to capacity and nese Government's c a II for aptitude. Of all the features of of its positions and implications. teachers. In the out of the way the Brotherhood which command province of Omi, where no mis- admiration from visitors, none It constitutes a serious summons sionary had ever resided, Wil- is oftener remarked than the liam Vories sowed the good seed personnel-the high quality of to the Church to proclaim with- of the Gospel with such effect, ability and character and the that by the middle of his third happy faces. Offers of higher out fear or compromise the es- year there was· a Church in pay never lure any of them away." sential features of its historic Hachiman, housed in a building seating over 100 persons, and (2) All are equal, whatever faith. There seems to be, how- for this work not a dollar of their work. There is one com- "foreign" money had been used. mon treasury for the entire ever, a needless yielding to the The history of that Church af- group, into which go all net earn- fords an effective negation of the ings, and from which come ap- "modern mind" as to the nature philosophy outlined in the Lay- propriations for the necessities men's Inquiry Report. For the of every department and of of Scripture and in the treat- propaganda work of this mission every individual. Every depart- is "carried on by means of ment has a budget, and each inment of c e r t a i n important preaching, as well as by demon- dividual a salary which is sup- stration…. It is truly a lay- posed to cover normal needs-all truths, yet it is the earnest con- men's movement, in the main." to be expended, not hoarded for Starting with the seed of the future expansion, or for "a rainy tention of the authQr that there Gospel, uncompromisingly pro- day." Each salary is determined claimed, the plant has developed by the actual needs of the indiis nothing in modern investiga- in many-sided manifestations, vidual case. The humblest work- architectural, industrial, com- er may get more than a mantion or discovery to make unten- mercial, medical, educational, ager. publicational, but upon all these able "the essential Christian several departments, is the hall- (3) All "see first the King- mark of a burning Christian dom of God." The articles of in- Creed." This creed is regarded evangelism. corporation state, that "at least 51 per cent of the net incomes as a precious heritage from the Perhaps the most unique fea- shall be devoted to Christian ture of this remarkable Brother- work," thus leaving freedom to past. Its corner stone is declared hood is its complete, consistent use the entire income that way, application of the principles of since no profits are divided to be the resurrection of that Christian stewardship, through among officers and stockholders. its entire program. Indeed, it Consequently everyone is work- Christ whom the Gospels pre- would be difficult to find a finer ing to support Christian activi- instance of "taking God into the ties, with the joy of doing useful sent as the incarnate God. The management," than is here to be work, not for the motive of per- found: sonal profit or personal prestige. supernatural cannot be avoided (1) Work for all, and all at or denied without destroying the work. "Although a sort of Uto- Christian faith, for "Christian- [207 ] ity mea n s supernaturalism."

While there may be some uncer- tainty as to definitions or the meaning of terms, the essence of the "Manifesto" is contained ap- parently in the closing chapter.

Here it is maintained that if the Church is to perform its su- premely important task, it must affirm positively what are re- garded as the great essentials of the Christian E van gel.

Among those mentioned are, the reality of a personal God. the authority of the divine Word, the fact of sin as "not merely a defect of human conduct but as a disease of human nature," the absolute necessity of a new birth, the atonement on the cross and "the Gospel as God's pro- vision for the salvation of the whole world." E.

Thus, the whole enterprise be- erate haste of the great redemp- varying degrees of success. The comes a demonstration of Chris- tive purpose of God among a present volume is a notable one tianity, rather than a mere in- . great people. of this kind. The "student" whose "philosophy of religion" come-producer. The elimination Many readers will be sur- is described is not a youth but of the profit motive annuls the prised to discover traces of the the professor of philosophy in economists' theory, that only the Scriptures in China before Mor- Dartmouth College. He has writhope of personal gain can induce rison and Marshman, in the rec- ten out of long experience in human beings to exert them- ords of the Nestorians, the trav- dealing with students, helping selves in productive labor. The eling friars of the Middle Ages, them solve their intellectual and Omi Brotherhood has never and the Roman Catholic mission- moral problems and trying to found it difficult to enlist men .aries of the 17th and 18th cen- convince them of the reasonableof the highest abilities in its turies. In the main stream of ness and value of religious faith. various departments-rather be- the history of translations, the He says that "the purpose of cause of, than in spite of the ab- work of Morrison and Marsh- this book is to furnish college sence of the profit motive. The man, the Delegates Version, the undergraduates and general secret lies in the far greater great Union Versions and others, readers with the necessary data satisfaction there is in promot- are treated with the swiftness – facts and arguments – on ing Christ's plans than in seek- the small compass of the book which they will be able to work ing personal advantage–the at- requires and yet including out their own philosophy of relititude of being God's steward, enough depiction of events and gion." In these studies he rerather than assuming to be an characters to illuminate the views the whole range of reliowner. Thus, every individual as scene. One wishes for more gious thought from its lowest well as every business becomes about the translations among the forms among the aborigines of an instrument of God. Australia, the ethnic and non- dialects and the tribes-though Christian faiths, and the various To brush this lightly aside as Tibetan, Manchu, and Mongolian types of Christianity. He exvisiopary and impracticable, is are given a more liberal space. presses some opinions that many to fly in the face of demonstrat- Four chapters of the nineteen conservatives will deem too libed fact, the fact of this great deal with the work of the col- eral and some liberals will think going and growing concern, car- porteurs and distribution and too conservative. A bibliography ried on for thirty years, in the some of the influences of the at the end of each chapter refers face of stubborn opposition, Bible on character. It is here to standard works on the subamid surroundings the most ad- that much is left untold-the ject. Copious notes add necesverse. The record of such an en- history of publication, the trav- sary explanations, and subheads terprise carried forward to a els of pioneer distributors, the and a full index make the rich triumphant achievement by "a methods used, and above all the store of material available for brother of Jesus Christ," cannot part played by Chinese them- reference. fail to thrill the hearts of all true selves in every phase of the hismembers of this world-wide tory. One feels that brevity, ARTHUR J. BROWN. brotherhood who read this book. however necessary, should not DAVID MCCONAUGHY. have forced out this essential Men and Women of Far Horizons. Edited by Jesse R. Wilson. 8vo. The Bible in China. By Marshall element in the story to so large 214 pp. $1.00. Friendship Press. New York. 1935. Broomhall. 190 pp. $1.00. Illus- a degree. Mr. Broomhall has by trated. China Inland Mission: Lon- It was a happy thought that don, Philadelphia, Toronto. these historical sketches of the led the general secretary of the Bible in China done well by Student Volunteer Movement to The pen of Marshall Broom- those readers who must have it assemble in this book some of hall has served the missionary short and soon; others who may the best articles on foreign misenterprise skillfully for many wish to go deeper and further sions that have appeared during years, especially in m a kin g will be hoping that this book the last ten years in the Bulletin known the work and the heroes will stimulate fuller treatment. of the Movement, later called of the China Inland Mission. In Far Horizons. They do not argue "The Bible in China" he deals ERIC M. NORTH. or reply to criticisms; they simply tell what missionaries are with a great theme in a manner A Student's Philosophy of Religion. doing, cite incidents and experito arouse popular interest and to By William Kelley Wright. 8vo. ences based on personal, first- hand knowledge of missionaries reveal how much more there is 566 pp. $3.00. Macmillan. New and prominent national Chrisyet to be said upon it. Behind York. 1935; tians in their respective fields. These articles make an excellent his vivid pen picture of the One of the major duties of book to give to that much-talkedstruggles and achievements of Christians in each generation is of person-the man who "doesn't believe in foreign missions." pioneers, of translators, of col- the wise interpretation of reliporteurs, and missionaries in gion to thoughtful young people. ARTHUR J. BROWN.

making the Book of books speak It is a peculiarly difficult task in the tongue of scores of tribes this day when so many tradi- and millions of people, one senses tional beliefs are being chal- the movement of a force more lenged and restated. Many writthan epoch-making-the delib- ers have attempted it wit h

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TWENTY-FIVE YEARS

THE MOSLEM WORLD SAMUEL M. ZWEMER, Editor A PROPOSED INDEX IT IS proposed to prepare an exhaustive index to the twenty-five volumes of THE MOSLEM WORLD if there is a demand on the part of our subscribers for it. Hith- erto each annual volume has had an index, but there has been call for an inclusive index to the important articles, book reviews, and current topics in all the earlier volumes. A general inde>c would greatly facilitate the study of all contributions made regarding Islam in various countries, the approach to the Moslem mind, or the beliefs and practices of Islam.

Will those of our subscribers who would be willing to purchase such an index at the dose of the year kindly send a post card request? If there is a sufficient demand we will be able to print the index and mail it with the October issue of 1935. It is pro- posed to charge the nomine'll sum of four shillings or one dollar, for the complete index to the twenty-five volumes. EDITOR.

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