The Missionary Review of the World — June 1939

1939

What Is New in Home Missions?

Mark A. Dawber Experiences Among Ozark Mountaineers Paul A. Wobus The South's Number One Problem Archie C. Smith Berea's Work for Mountaineers William J. Hutchins New Frontiers in Home Missions Edward D. Kohlstedt American Indians' Work for Indians G. E. E. Lindquist A Christian Philosophy for Rural Work Frank W. Price 2S Cents a Copy $2.50 a YeaI'

to Remember elected one of the secretaries of the THE

Board of Foreign Missions of the June 7-13 – Ann u a I Conference, Presbyterian Church, U. S. A., to take <- The only weekly in the Church of the Brethren, Anderson, the place of Dr. Webster E. Browning Presbyterian Church. Ind. who has been honorably retired. Dr. Anderson is a Canadian by birth, a <- Its message is based upon June 8 – General Synod of the Re- graduate of McGill University, Mon- the Revealed Word of God. formed Church in America, New treal, and of Princeton Theological York, N. Y. Seminary. He went to Cameroon, <- Goes into every state in West Africa, in 1926. On June 1, he the Union, U. S. possessions June 9-16-Annual Meeting, Foreign will take up his official duties as Sec- and many foreign countries. Missions Conference. Swarthmore, retary but first expects to visit the Pa. South American fields this summer Subscription rate – $2.50 and autumn since he is to have re- Ministerial rate – – $2.00 June 16-24–Winona Summer School sponsibility for the Latin America of Missions, Winona Lake, Ind. and Africa portfolios. SOc. extra–Canadian postage Courses include Bible, Mission Text- $1.50 extra– Foreign postage books and addresses by missionaries. *** Write to Mrs. C. E. Ahrensfeld, 431 THE PRESBYTERIHn S. East Ave., Oak Park, Ill. Dr. Everett B. King, pastor of the Hemphill Church, Fort Worth, Texas, 121 7 Market Street June 20-25 – Northern Baptist Con- has been elected Secretary of the Philadelphia, Pa. vention, Los Angeles, Calif. Board of National Missions of the Presbyterian Church, U. S. A. He theologian and professor for 20 years, june 21-2S-Sunday School and B. Y. has been assigned to responsibility for has been appointed to the FaCUlty of P. U. Congress of the National Bap- Sunday school missions and Alaska, the Graduate School of Applied Reli- tist Convention, U. S. A., (Inc.), to take the place of Dr. John M. gion in Cincinnati, Ohio. Dr. Spiegel Tulsa, Okla. Somerndike, recently deceased. Dr. shared for a time the fate of Martin King is a native of Texas and was Niemoller in a concentration camp, June 24-July I-Eagles Mere Confer- educated at the University of Texas, and was recently "shipped" to Switzer- ence of Missions. Chairman, Mrs. Trinity University, and the Presby- land. Earl Breeding, 24 Rugby Lane, terian Theological Seminary at Chi- Scarsdale, N. Y. cago. Dean Alfredo* G*onz*alez, of Central July 3-10-Northfield Missionary Con- *** Philippine College, has written a book ference for Women and Girls. East e~t!tled "The 9a11 of the Heights," Northfield, Mass. For information, Dr. Albert ,schweitzer founded his VIrIle and umrustakably religious in address Mrs. Warren C. Taylor, 38 hospital in Africa twenty-five years its appeal. The book has just been Union Ave., Schenectady, N. Y. ago. On the 25th anniversary the selected by the Philippine Government children of the Mission presented him Department 01; Education, as the text july 6-11 – International Christian with a beautiful piece of furniture, for character instruction in the public Endeavor Convention, Cleveland, made by themselves. One of them schools of the Islands. Ohio. made a presentation speech to "our dear, grand docteur." Dr. Schweitzer *** July 11-August 16 – Winona Lake refused an electric organ because of School of Theology. Winona Lake, the difficulty of keeping the compli- Rev. Myron Terry, of the Christian Ind. Dean, Dr. J. A. Huffman, 302 cated machinery in order in that cli- Litera;ture Society in ~hanghai, is Morton Blvd., Marion, Ind. mate. Instead, he was given the price spendmg some. mont~s m Kunming, of an X-ray for the hospital. Yunnan, supermtendmg the erection July 22-28-Baptist World Congress. of a small building and getting a new Atlanta, Ga. *** branch of the Christian Literature So- ciety started. July 24-August 2-World Conference Dr. Walter Spiegel, member of the of Christian Youth, Amsterdam, ConfC'ssional Church in Germany, a Rev. George*W*. Sh*epherd, of Au- Holland. J}pmn~ burndale, Mass., went to China 18 Aug. SolO-Ninth Quadrennial Con- y~ars ago as a Congregational mis- vention of the Woman's Home and of tbe SIOnary. Ten years later, the National Foreign Missionary Society of Af- Council of China detailed him to as- rican Methodist Episcopal Zion ctbri~tian sist Generalissimo and Madame Church, Detroit, Mich. Chiang in their "New Life Move- lLift ment," fight~ng supersti~ion and politi- August 13-20-Geneva Summer School cal corruptIOn, promoting education of Missions, Lake Geneva, Wis. cA BOOK of worship in song, com- and public health. Along came the For information write to Mrs. Paul bining a hymnal for general war and the Movement's energies H. Wezeman, 1177 S. Humphrey church use, and a song book for evan- ~ere diyerted to :relief. Mr. Shepherd Ave., Oak Park, Ill. gelistic purposes. onty songs sound IS now m the Uruted States, ostensibly in the faith and inspirationaf in char- on furlough, but using his time to Personal Item. acter induded—emphasizing Evangel- raise funds for the "Church Commit- ism, Missions, and the Deeper Life. tee for China Relief." Dr. Francis S. Hutchins, of the Many of the new—the best of the old. Yale-in-China Mission School at (Co'Mluded. em page 273.) Changsha, has been elected President 504 Songs Responsive Readings of Berea College, Kentucky, to succeed his father, Dr. William J. Topical Index Gold Embossed Hutchins, who is resigning after nineteen years of service. Published in round notes and Roxite cloth edition only at $65.00 per 100—an especiall~ Dr. Francis Hutchins is 38 years of low price. Single copy, 8Se postpaid. age. He was born in Brooklyn, N. Y., educated at Oberlin and Yale and Write today for returnable sample co,", went out fourteen years ago to work in the Yale Mission. His brother, Dr. CHRISTIAN PUBLICATIONS, Inc. Robert M. Hutchins, is President of the University of Chicago. 1502 NORTH THIRD STREET HARRISBURG. PA. *** The Rev. Llewellyn K. Anderson, Ph.D., recently a Presbyterian missionary in West Africa, has been

MISSIONARY I have taken the magazine for years WHEN THE CALL LEADS

and would feel quite lost without it." REVIEW OF THE WORLD II EAST 0F SUE Z" Long BeaMchIS-,SCSaAlRifA. L. HAMILTON. DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Editor The Jain Temple, Calcutta * .. … VOL. LXII JUNE, 1939 NO.6 I'OR OVBR 100 YBARS "We always enjoy greatly reading THB WAY HAS BBBN Publication and Busines" Olllce- Third and Reily St•. , Harri£burg, Pa. THE MISSIONARY REVIEW. I wish Editorial and Executive UlIlce– every minister could take it." 156 Firth Avenue, New York City. Entered as second-ciass matter at REV. FREDERICK G. COAN. Claremont, Calif. Post Olllce, Harrisburg. Pa., under Act of March 3, 1879. * .. * 25 cellts a copy-$2.50 a year. "Your magazine fills a place which Foreign Postage, 50 cents a year. Published monthly, except August. no other missionary magazine quite All rights reserved. Copyrighted 1939. British agents – Marshall, Morgan fills." F. A. GOETSCH, and Scott, 12 Paternoster Buildings, London. E. C 1 shilling per copy, Executive Secretary of the 10 sh!Jlings a year. Board of Foreign Missions, Evangelical Synod of N. A. MISSIONARY REVIEW PUB- LISHING CO., INC. … * …

BOARD OF DIRECTORS A CORRECTION ROBERT Eo SPEER, President Rev. E. E. Elder, the author of the A. L. WARNSHUIS, Vice-Pre.•idcnt article in our December (1938) num- WALTER McDOUGALL, Treasurer ber: "What is the Koran?" is a mem- DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Secretary ber of the United Presbyterian PAUL J. BRAISTED Mission in Cairo, Egypt, from Meshed, SAMUEL MCCREA CAVERT Persia. The Rev. John Elder. of Ham- D. J. FANT adan, Iran, is a missionary of the MRS. ORRIN R. JUDD Presbyterian Church, U. S. A. WM. B. LIPPHARD ERIC M. NORTH Obituary Notes SAMUEL M. ZWEMER Dr. Dan B. Brummitt, editor of the PaO Editorial Chat Central and Northwestern editions of The Christian Advocate, died April 5 Let the comfort of mOclern liners and the secur- This is our Home Mission Number. in Kansas City, almost on the eve of ity of British seamanship enhance your voy· The field is so large and varied and the uniting conference. Dr. Brummitt age. Whenever you are called to the other we have so recently devoted special was an outstanding religious editor side of the world, choose this traditional reute. numbers to the City (June, 1938), of our time, and ardently upheld Cross to England by a modern transatlantic Rural Problems, The Negro, Orientals Christian democracy in journalism. liner and then embark in a great liner of the and Spanish – Speaking Americans, Few knew that the weekly column of p & 0 and British India fleets, led by the new that some of these important topics wit and wisdom, filled with the spirit 23,500-ton Strathallan. StrathmoHl, and Strathare not treated here. Other articles of Christ, and signed "Justus Timber- eden carrying First and Tourist Classes. Airthat have appeared in recent issues line," was written by the editor. conditioned dining saloons in First Class, hot deal with and cold running water throughout, built-in Rev. John A*. Si*lsb*y, retired Pres- out-door swimming pools. children's play- A Cathedral on Wheels (April, rooms! Regular service to Egypt. Sudan. Iran- 1938) byterian missionary to East China, ian Gulf. India. Burma. Ceylonl& Straits Settle- ments, China. Japan, Australia. East and Migrant Workers (April, 1938) died in Hayward, California, March 4. South Africa. Mauritius. Special reductions The Whole Community (July, 1938) In 1890 he became principal of Lowrie and generous baggage allowance for American Indians (February, 1939) missionaries. Missions in Alaska (April, 1939) Institute for Boys, the oldest school Problems of a Midwest City (Sep- in Shanghai and one of the oldest in tember, 1938) China. * .. * Other articles on Home Missions Mr. Frank A. Horne, Vice-President will appear later. of the Board of Foreign Missions of *** the Methodist Church for twenty-two If you are leaving your present mailing address for the summer, years and chairman of the Methodist Convenient throuqh bookinqs can kindly send word as soon as possible be arranqed by your travel aqent. with the address to which you wish Book Committee, died March 22 at the to have your C!}py of THE REVIEW age of seventy. He had been a mem- Or apply at 25 Broadway. 638 Fit~h forwarded. Please mention dates of Ave.• N. Y. . . . or any ottice of your absence from home and mail to ber of six consecutive General Con- Subscription Department, MISSl()NARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD, 3rd & Reily ferences since 1916 and a member of , Sts., Harrisburg, Pa. There will be the Board of Foreign Missions since no August number of THE REVIEW 1906. CUNARD WHllf. ~lAR printed. Person.I Item. ,. ents for 'T A. Among the c*om*men*ts on THE RE- General 9 (Concluded from 2d cover.) VIEW received recently from readers ANO OR,eN are the following: In the war zone, missionaries and New Life workers give first aid to fleN'NSU.AR. S:teAt" "I used THE REVIEW a great deal victims of Japanese guns and bru- . t 'NO'A with my recent review of 'The Amer- tality. Then refugees get clothing, ",G ANO BRl'T'S COMflAN,eS ican City and Its Church,' and found food and transportation away from it exceedingly helpful to make the danger zones. Refugees must find NA A'T,ON mission study book more interesting. new farms, jobs, homes. Even in "free China" there is the perenl'lial problem of famine.-NeW8week.

[273]

B. D. WEEKS AND MRS . ROBERTA CAMPBELL, WITH INDIAN STUDENTS OF BACONE COLLEGE (Baptist

INDIAN PILLARS OF ST. PETER'S CHURCH ( Congregational), REV. AND MRS. W. DAVID OWJ~, SENE CA, N. Y. MR. OWL ELTON, LOUISIANA IS THE' INDIAN PASTOR ON THE RESERVATION REV. AND MRS. SILAS, OJIBWAY REV. ROBT, PAUL CHAAT THREE I NDIAN RECTORS IN TRIBE (Reformed Church) SOUTH DAKOTA SOME AMERICAN INDIAN CHRISTIAN LEADERS (see page 299) REVIB ORLD VOLUME LXII AN INTERDENOMINATIONAL REVIEW OF WORLD-WIDE CHRISTIAN PROGRESS NUMBER 6 JUNE, 1939 Topics of the Times RELIGION IN THE WORLD TOMORROW Gospel messages are not excluded. A very defi- nite Christian note in the "WorId of Tomorrow"

The New York World's Fair, which opened on is sounded in a small concession paid for by the Sunday, April 30, is an impressive spectacle. It "Gideons," where they can exhibit Bibles and lit- covers 1,216 acres, or nearly two square miles, erature relating their work of Bible distribution on the Flushing Meadows – ~ormer marsh land in hotels and elsewhere. Other attempts to secure commonly called "Corona Dumps." The reclaim- space for the presentation of Christian activities ing of the land, planting thousands of trees, con- and achievements have failed to produce results. structing roads, lagoons. and fountains, and erect- The message and work of Jesus Christ, as the reving buildings, has cost nearly $160,000,000. The elation of God and His Way of Life for the "World exhibits include many interests related to art and of Tomorrow," are not exhibited there, even as education, transportation, housing, manufactures they have not been at other national expositions.

and inventions, various national, state and foreign The Fair is devoted to the humanistic ideals, to buildings, as well as areas devoted to amusements, the strictly material and temporal hopes. and sports and restaurants. achievements, rather than to things that relate to The Fair is being visited daily by from 100,000 God, to spiritual ideals and Eternal Life. to 300,000 persons who are expected to spend This is, perhaps, not surprising. Men today do from two to twenty-five dollars each (from May not agree in their conception of God and His Way to November), making a total of perhaps of Life. Any attempt to present Christ, and all $500,000,000 to be spent during the season. The for which He stands, unfortunately often provokes Fair thus provides much that is of interest and oontroversy. But there are naturally many who value. Most people can find there what they are would present what they believe to be the vital most interested to see – beautiful flowers and truths and most dynamic forces in the world of tofoliage, human nature of all sorts and conditions, day and for the World of Tomorrow. The Temple the wonders of modern science and industry, the of Religion has been severely criticized as a weak beauties of music and art, amusements for every attempt to recognize an "unknown God" to whom, taste-high and low. in some way, men may have some responsibility.

It is in the realm of religion that the Fair is Dr. George W. Arms, a pastor in Brooklyn, New lacking. If the "World of Tomorrow" can offer York, calls the Temple of Religion "the devil's nothing more than is here provided there is no smokescreen to hide from the people the Cross outlook for more than a very vague worship of of Jesus Christ and the true issues at stake in the some "unknown God" and a faint hope for the pro- foundation of democracy, and to blind them with motion of peace, brotherly kindness and social serv- a false sense of security."

ice. The Jews have a Hebrew Temple and a Pal- No doubt this is an extreme view, but is it not estine exhibit; Christian Science is represented true that in this presentation of the "World of by a building with a reading room and literature; Tomorrow" there is no recognition of the God who the Y. M. C. A. building includes a restroom and has created the wonderful world in which we live, restaurant; there is a "Temple of Religion," has loved the world of mankind enough to give where music and pageants are presented. The Himself that men might have life, and to whom atmosphere is restful and dignified. Distinctly the world of yesterday and today owes everything [275 ]

worth knowing, doing or possessing? After all union was effected in Great Britain, two hundred the American nation was established by men who years after John Wesley began his work that rebelieved in God and who desired a home where sulted in Methodism. There are still several they could worship Him and could live in the way Methodist churches outside the union-the Free that Jesus Christ made possible. The Bible, as Methodist, Wesleyan Methodist, the African the Word of God, the Sabbath as the Lord's Day M. E., the African M. E. Zion, and the Colored and Christ as the Son of God and Saviour, cannot Methodist Episcopal, numbering in all about safely be ignored in the "World of Tomorrow." 1,600,000 more American Methodists.

What can be done to make up in some degree This large body of Christians, now organically for what is lacking in Christian emphasis in the united into one Methodist Church, can accomplish World's Fair? At the Columbian Exposition in great things for the Kingdom of God, under wise, Chicago in 1893, the most potent Christian in- consecrated leadership, if they are truly motifluence was the series of great evangelistic meet- vated, instructed and empowered by the ideals and ings conducted by Dwight L. Moody, where there spirit of Christ. As Dr. John R. Mott, a promwere addresses day and night by outstanding inent Methodist, said at Kansas City: "We have Christian teachers from many lands. In these united to accomplish together things that we canmeetings it is estimated a million people heard not do separately. We must not be satisfied with the Gospel and thousands of them were won to past achievements or with the present situation. Christ. In New York City and its suburbs there An increase in our aggressive missionary work is is a similar opportunity. There is no limit to the one of the tasks which we must now undertake personal work that may be done among visitors to with new vigor." the Fair. Gospels and other literature may be given out to the crowds in hotels, in subways and The new Methodist Church has been divided terat the entrances to the grounds. Parents can ritorially into seven sections or "Jurisdictions"- interpret the exhibits to children from a Christian the Northern, North Central, Western, South point of view. The Calvary Bapti.st Church of Central, Central, South Eastern and Foreign- New York and other churches are kept open all with thirty-six bishops, located at different cenday and some are holding special services where ters. There are also seven missionary Bishops the Gospel of Jesus Christ will be presented. In appointed by the Central Conference. all this there is the ministry of prayer in which all Christians can engage day and night. Christ- The Uniting Conference took a strong stand like lives and friendly service by those who con- against intoxicants and war and adopted the exfess His name will mean much more to visitors cellent "Social Creed" of the Methodist Church, to the Fair than any material exhibits could pos- South. The educational work will be conducted sibly mean. A truly Christian exhibit, presenting under a single board with two divisions, one carthe results of Christian teaching and work in ing for institutions and the other directing reli- America and in all other lands would be a con- gious education in local churches. The confervincing evidence that, if the world is to advance ence was unable to settle the question of a church today and tomorrow, men must .accept God as He periodical-whether it is to be one great national is revealed in Jesus Christ and must follow His paper or several jurisdictional papers with one Way of sacrificial love and eternal life, if they purpose and plan and under one general editor. are to live joyously and victoriously. A commission was appointed to study the question and report. AMERICAN METHODISTS AND THEIR MISSIONS The missionary work of these three uniting churches, which have formerly been conducted The union of the three Methodist Churches in under a number of boards-Home and Foreign, the United States – the Methodist Episcopal General and Women's-will henceforth be under Church, the Methodist Episcopal Church, South, one General Board that will have charge of misand the Methodist Protestant Church, as finally sionary policy and program; the details of adcompleted at Kansas City, brings together into ministration, the choice of fields, the selection of one organic body the largest number of Protes- personnel and the administration of funds, will tants in anyone Church. The total membership be in charge of three administrative divisionsof this united church is approximately 8,000,000, Foreign Missions, Home Missions and Church distributed all over the United States and all over Extension, and Woman's Work-each with its the world, from Alaska in the North to Chile in own executive secretaries. The General Board the South, and from East to West around the will consist of twenty-four men and twenty-four globe. It will be called "The Methodist Church." women, with the bishops.

:r.hi~ ~nion takes place in America, as .a si.roiJar The missionary work of the new Methodist Church will be world-wide, with 1,400 foreign missionaries, 13,500 on their native staff, com- .m~J).i~a,nt§l Jl1 eleven forei~n ~oU.I).tri~t'I ,lUmbering

TOPICS OF THE TIMES

over 270,000 and total annual budgets of ing possible journeys in a day that formerly took a $3,000,000. The Methodist Episcopal Church has month; the telephone, telegraph and radio have had the largest work, conducted in forty-two mis- practically obliterated distance and have united sion areas; the Methodist, South, has worked in the country; the pr'omotion of literacy by the nine of the same areas and Methodist Protestants phonetic method and the increase of general modin three of these fields. Many of the Methodist ern education have set new standards of life and missIon churches are already united where they thought; newspapers and other literature have have work in the same areas. linked China to the outside world and have helped to break down barriers; many foolish and harm-' The first General Conference of the Methodist ful taxes have been abolished and public revenues Church is set for April, 1940. Ecumenical or have been used to meet public need rather than to world-wide Methodism is explained by Bishop fill private purses; before the Japanese invasion Frederick D. Leete as follows: the external credit of China increased with grow- ing export and import trade; mines and other nat- "The purposes of the ecumenical Methodist ural resources have been developed where for- Church are three. One is to catholicize and frater- merly important areas were reserved for burial nalize Methodists everywhere by correspondence, grounds of ancestors; the sta;bilizing of the curvisitation, and world meetings, bringing far-flung rency with a new coinage system and banking reorganizations of the same faith nearer to the fact forms have improved the financial structure of as well as to the concept and ideal of unity. An- the country; the New Life Movement, fostered by other is to encourage and report on the Methodist Generalissimo and Madame Chiang Kai-shek, has mission and its achievements, extending its mu- spread new ideas for public and private life; the tual evangelistic and reformatory movements new leaders in the government have proved themwhich minister to all human needs. The third is selves patriotic,courageous, intelligent, highto assist and advance the total Christian program minded, strong and unselfish-and many of them attempted by all Christian bodies in the name and are Christians. spirit of Christ. All this was being accomplished and was on the "The world alliance of Methodist churches has way for more complete fulfilment when the Japtwo branches. The Western branch represents anese military party (in 1937) undertook to "come the Methodist denominations of the Americas and to the rescue of Chinese," to make their neighbor of the Orient. The Eastern represents Methodist "more friendly," to "put down communism" and bodies of the British Empire in various parts of extend Japanese civilization and control! the world and of the countries of continental Europe." The Japanese have done what a century had not accomplished in unifying China. The unmistak- CHINA'S VICTORIES OF PEACE able evidences of Christianity, as seen in the lives of the Christian missionaries, have abolished the The progress made in great slow-moving, con- anti-Christian spirit in China. servative China since the founding of the Republic in 1911, is unparalleled in history. This is espe- The judgment of many intelligent observers is cially remarkable when we consider the immense that China today, in the midst of her tribulations, extent of the territory (ten times the size of Japan offers the greatest opportunity for Christian adproper); the huge population (over ten times vance anywhere in the world, while Japan is probthat of the British Isles); the former lack of ably one of the most difficult fields for sowing and political, linguistic and cultural unity in its eight- reaping spiritual harvests. The reasons are not een provinces; the scarcity of newspapers, rail- hard to discover. The Chinese realize more and roads and other means of communication; the more the uncertainty of this life and the passing prevalence of graft among officials and the pov- values of material possessions. In their distress erty of the masses. All this and more was true and extremity they turn to God, as their only hope. thirty years ago. He is manifested to them in the lives and sacrifi- cial service of missionaries and Chinese followers Since the Boxer Rebellion, and especially in the of Christ. God is proving to be a very present past fifteen years, new China has become united help in trouble and Jesus Christ is a true friend under one central government; graft has been dis- and Saviour. The Chinese leaders also set an explaced by patriotism; warlords and bandits have ample of Christian faith and courage that appeals given place to intelligent and trained officials and to the people. Idols and false gods are recognized an organized national army; economic reconstruc- as powerless. The one hope for humanity is in tion has made great strides; railroads and good the one True God, as revealed in Christ; the God highways have been built across the country link- of love, of righteousness and of power. ing all important cities; motor bus service has taken the place of "the wheelbarrow and mule-lit- The Japanese on the other hand are turning ter i public airplane lines have been extendedl mak-

more to temporal power, and put their faith and is the convincing evidence of the Living Christ as hope in material things, in armaments and armies, the Saviour of men. in stern discipline and a human program. Their national leaders turn back to the Sun Goddess, to Spirit-filled missionaries in every land agree in national heroes, to Shinto Shrines and emperor their testimony that, while methods of missionary worship. National ambition, laws and standards work may vary in different lands and under diftake precedence over the eternal laws of God and fering conditions, the one essential is a true pres- .His standards of truth, righteousness and love as entation of Christ by consecrated witness. revealed in Jesus Christ. VELLORE MEDICAL COLLEGE, INDIA WITNESSING TO PILGRIMS IN INDIA Dr. William Decker, a Baptist missionary, formerly in China, who has recently sej:!n the VeI- In India, says Dr. E. Stanley Jones, a time of lore Medical School in action, reports: a greater Christian harvest seems to be coming. "I saw Dr. Ida Scudder's hospital, the indus- Old superstitions and prejudices are gradually trial work, as well as a new departure in agricul- breaking down, and thinking Indians are more tural missions which is a most promising venture.

and more seeking truth and liberty, such as can Perhaps .outstanding, however, was two or three be found only in Christ. On the other hand, na- hours with a roadside medical unit doing dispen- tional ambition, economic needs, and intellectual sary work, and making injections for leprosy- contacts with other nations, lead many to empha- from an ambulance drawn up at the roadside." size political power, materialism, and skepticism. The Christians in India are awake to the situa- Dr. Scudder and her staff have treated as many tion and are emphasizing evangelism, not only as a thousand lepers in one day in these roadside among depressed classes, but among pilgrims, clinics. VeIlore combines a medical college, a students and caste Hindus. nurses training school, and X-ray and radium de- partment, an out-patient clinic, four roadside clin- A special retreat and conference, held at Be- ics and Gudiyattam Hospital; a maternity hospinares, in April, brought together Christian work- tal, a children's hospital, and an operating theater. ers from different centers to consider work among The hospital has 250 beds. All these are operated Hindu pilgrims, Sadhus and Sanyasies. The on annual gifts of about $48,000, .of which Amerievangelists came from Puri, where the temple of ca contributes $25,000. Does any institution in Janannath draws thousands of pilgrims to wor- the United States operate as many departmentsship; from Calcutta, Patna, Behar, Ayodhya medical, surgery, pathology, bacteriology, anat- (birthplace of Sita and Ram) and from !tarsi, omy, biology, eye, ear, nose and throat, maternity, Muttra, Brindaban and Benares. These repre- ante-natal clinic and gynecology-treating in one sentatives met for prayer and conference and to year 3,398 in-patients, 44,484 out-patients, 20,060 report on methods and results in their work. An roadside patients. and 1,321 in the maternity ward organization was formed to promote work among -at such a small expense? the pilgrims. Jesus Christ, where faithfully presented by teaching and life, appeals strongly to The decree has now gone forth that, by 1942 Hindus, even if they are not ready to break away at the latest, the school must be raised to a college from their old religions. The following points standard of M. B. B. S. which is equivalent to an were emphasized in the discussions: American M.D. That will require an endowment of $700,000 to support ten more doctors, and pro- 1. Hinduism should be studied so as to develop vide for medical research, public health work and understanding and to equip the messenger to medicine; also $300,000 is needed for extra buildpreach the Gospel. ings and equipment. Here is a great oPP.ortunity 2. The truth and sufficiency of Christ and His to strengthen this great interden.ominati.onal hos- teaching should be stressed and exemplified more pital, medical college and nurses training school than the weakness and deficiencies of Hinduism. in South India.

A "full and positive Gospel of the Living Christ" *** is the need of the hour. Dr. Scudder expects to be in America next year, after 3. Only simple, sincere and practical conse- completing her forty years of service in India. The pro- crated Christianity of the apostolic type is effec- gram of Jesus Christ given in the doctor's Gospel (Luke tive to meet the vital needs of Hindus. 4: 22) is being carried out today at Vellore. Dr. Scudder asks Christians to pray that this great work into which 4. Collective witness and cooperative Christian she and other American, British and Indian women have work is necessary to offset the influences of the put their lives, may be continued.

united forces of Hinduism.

5. The guidance and power of the Spirit of God Miss Hilda Olson, of Rockport, Massachusetts, is the American Treasurer of the Veilore Medical College.

Is New in Home Missions?

By the REV. MARK. A. DAWBER, New York Executive Secretary of the Home Missions Council How many, many times I have been asked strong centers of support for the Christian cause. this question during the past years, and Others have passed through the settling down now I am requested to write an article on process and, due to the disintegrating forces of the subject! The answer in a word is that there land erosion, land speculation and exploitation, is nothing that is basically new in Home Missions. the people again need missionary aid. To make the Gospel available to the disadvantaged people or to those who, for various reasons, have Many descendants of the early settlers, who not been reached with the ministry of the Church, became farm tenants in the agricultural depresis still the primary task of the Home Missions sion immediately following the World War, are now being displaced by the all-purpose tractor enterprise. and large-scale agriculture. An outstanding illus- But in another sense, everything is new. The tration is that of a Mississippi Delta planter who question raised is symbolic of the age in which formerly had 160 tenant farmers. He purchased we live; it anticipates change, it suggests that the 22 tractors and now he needs to employ only 30 thinking person is conscious that something is families to work by the day. happening to human life in America, and that new demands are being made upon institutions, such Family Life and Migrant Workers as Home Missions, that· are engaged in the task of ministering to people who, because of chang- Thousands of American families must now ing situations, are unable to support a church, or travel to find employment. The family continues who are no longer accessible to the religious min- to sleep as a unit, to consume as a unit, but it no istry of the normal established church in more longer is able to produce wealth as a unit from settled communities. its own property. Because the family has lost this basis of productive property the American Old Americans and Old Frontiers family, as a fundamental natural productive unit, is well-nigh destroyed. Food, clothing and shelter, Home Missions was the child of the frontier. the basic essentials for living and the sources from That thrilling episode of American history that whence they come, are now gathered up into huge records the daring and heroism of the early interlocking hands of incorporated commercial pioneers, who crossed the Rockies and blazed the owners and distributors. With this centralization trail into what was then the American wilderness, and industrialization of food, clothing and shelter, was also the record of the first organized Home the last vestiges of American freedom and security Mission work. This frontier is no longer with us are wiped out. For many of these people there in the sense in which it obtained a hundred years is no available land upon which to build and own ago. There are still geographical frontiers, but better homes; there is no land for the production they are not the challenge to the population move- and consumption at home-the only efficient and ments such as obtained in the days of the early conserving land economy. This is something new Home Mission era. in our American life and brings with it new prob- But the frontier ideal has always dominated the lems for Home Missions. Home Mission enterprise. People seeking new This situation raises some interesting and peropportunities to secure their democratic heritage as American citizens, ever pressing on to what plexing questions. What is happening to this would provide a better opportunity to earn a live- land of opportunity, democracy, freedom and se- curity? What is happening to the millions of lihood, build a home and bring up a family-these acres of homestead land? What is happening to ever made their appeal to the Home Mission this. land where it was once possible for the poor- agencies. est to build homes for their children? Weare A century has passed and many old frontier being reduced to slavish workers in the homes communities have become established centers of and fields that once we owned. This process of culture and religion. They no longer need the dispossession is having a serious effect upon thouministrations of Home Missions but have become sands of American citizens.

[279 ]

Others have accepted a wage in place of owner- of certain types of industry from the North to the ship, a tenant shack for a home, a city street for South, in order to take advantage of cheap labor, a few acres of land; some have substituted the has had an adverse effect on many towns.

faint promise of a quick fortune for a permanent Communities that for years have sustained a home and a family on a few acres that would, self-supporting church with a full-time ministry under careful management, have provided secu- are now obliged to seek aid from their denomina- rity. This transition from the farm family to the tional mission board. The demands now made urban tenement industrialist is creating new upon these agencies are far beyond their ability problems for the church that place a heavy re- or finances; they can help only a small number sponsibility upon Home Mission agencies. of the churches in these areas of recent distress.

There is nothing new to America in a migrant The fact that many members of these churches population. Always we have had them. But our are receiving aid from federal and state relief distinctive migrant groups today present some agencies does not help very much. The conscious- new and difficult problems. ness that they are the recipients of relief has Twenty-five years ago the migrants. were drawn sapped the morale of many of these people, and in the main from a few of the racial groups, par- as a result their religious need is greater than ticularly the Mexicans, Italians and Filipinos. ever. This also is new in Home Missions.

Now the majority of these groups are thedescend- The Southern Highlands ants of the older American families. They are to be found in various sections of the country, but There i~ great danger that the emphasis upon the bulk of this migrant group is on the Pacific the plight of the sharecroppers and the low- Coast. wage industrial workers will overshadow the A ten-year depression, together with droughts equally great needs of other groups, such as the and dust-bowl conditions, has created a new millions who live in the Southern Highlands. The exodus of impoverished farm people who have conditions of the sharecropper, the industrial continued to press their way to the Pacific Coast. worker and the migrant, have been publicized, They have swamped California and are making but not so the Southern Highlanders. Fiction and that state aware of their existence in a way that romance have been written about these people the Mexican and Oriental farm laborers could (and there is much to be written), but the socio- never do. The state is struggling desperately logical story has not been told. The romantic with the problem, seeking to prevent any further story of the Anglo-Saxon rugged mountaineer inroads of these people from Arkansas and Okla- with his quaint language and colonial customs has homa. But this alone doesl not solve the problem. obscured the poverty of the coves, the mountain It is easy for people who are remote from the farms, and the thin soil of the plateaus.

scene of this human tragedy to indulge in moral Drastic changes are taking place among these criticism, but it is not easy for a state, already people. As recently as fifty years ago the High- burdened with relief, to accept a sudden inrush lander with his log cabin, his rifle and his spin- of 100,000 needy people. Driven off the cotton ning wheel was on a par as to standard of living lands by the tractor, driven off the wheat lands with the other pioneers of the prairie cabin, the by the drought and the combine, drawn by the log hut, or sod house. The wooded hillsides fur- strange tide which pulls. the white race westward, nished timber and game. Now the timber is gone the impoverished people have been pouring into and the game with it; also, it should be said, the the West, dogged by disease and hunger, too proud meagre income is gone that was once provided.

to accept charity, willing to work for any wages. The mountaineers have multiplied so that they The result is a condition that calls for action by have been compelled to cultivate the steep moun- the Nation, State and the Church. The Church, tain sides in a desperate effort to make a living.

through the Council of Women for Home Mis- The following summary of conditions will help sions, with very limited finances, is struggling to us to understand the modern needs of these people.

grapple with a herculean task. The size and the (The teachers of some 13,232 children in moun- character of this migrant group present many tain schools supplied the information.) Children new problems for Home Missions. needing clothing, 38%; shoes 32'10; milk 27'10 ; New Distressed Areas soap 42 %; hot lunches 45 %; school supplies 26 %; library books 80 '10. Any consideration of With the coming of new materials, new tech- the changing needs and demands in Home Mis- niques, mass production and the machine, there sions must take cognizance of the Southern High- has developed a new type of distress. Towns and lands. Dr. Odum of the University of North Car- villages, and some cities, have been seriously af- olina has well said that these "retarded frontiers"

fected by the recent innovations of science and will have to pass through several stages of devel- labor-saving devices, Furthermore, the movement opment, not only in improved economic conditions,

WHAT IS NEW IN HOME MISSIONS?

but development as it applies to the human ele- vantaged groups in America during the days of ment. Moreover, we are dealing with a very the "New Deal" administration have also created different type of mountain youth today than we new problems for the home mission agencies. were twenty-five years ago. They too are creating new demands upon State and school and Church. The resettlement projects, like Arthurdale and Cumberland Homesteads, present an opportunity The depression years have also brought great for religious work. Here some 250 families are changes among the people of other countries, reestablished on what amounts to subsistence groups who have anticipated coming to America, levels of living. The people will have little cash and among the immigrants who have come to this with which to support a church, so that the miscountry in recent years. Immediately following sion boards are under pressure to provide a minthe World War a different attitude developed to- istry. This is also true of many of the rehousing ward these foreign countries. No longer was projects in the cities where slum clearance has America to remain the "open door" to the peoples taken place. It is well-nigh impossible to reach of the world. Before the World War, European these people with the established churches in nearimmigration to the United States reached a high by territory. The approach must be made on an peak and as many as 1,285,000 immigrant aliens interdenominational basis, so that agencies like were received in a single year. The revised im- the Home Missions Council have an important migration law of 1921 limited the number of aliens function to perform in arranging the program and coming to this country in a single year to 3'70 of providing a Christian ministry to such commua given nationality already in the country. This nities. reduced the number to 358,000 in a year. In 1924 the immigration act was again revised to limit By its very nature the Church finds these changes more difficult than most other instituthe quotas to 2 '70 of the resident population of tions. It is identified with values that are time- less, and these values are often conceived of as not any nationality, based upon the earlier census of being affected by these matter-of-fact changes in 1890 as against 1920. our human and material universe. Rooted in the past and sanctified by age, the Chur·ch finds It is hardly necessary to say that this restric- change necessarily a painful process. Yet those tion has wide implications for Home Missions. who really love Christ and the Church, and are Add to it the further fact that, in many cases, alive to the facts that confront us in modern life, more of some nationalities were leaving America will gladly sacrifice the outmoded in order that the for their native land than were coming in under Kingdom of God may be advanced. A living the new restrictions, and it is readily seen that the Church is one that will make the adjustment in Home Missions program to these groups would its program and equipment in order to fit it for undergo drastic changes. These adjustments are the ministry to which it is called at a given time. now in process-consolidation of foreign language The home mission agencies are alive to these churches, the assimilation of the second and third changes that are taking place. They are far generation by the English-speaking church, ex- ahead of their general ecclesiastical bodies in their periments with interdenominational work among insight into these problems and in their willingthese groups-these and other movements mark ness to make the necessary adjustments. They the changes that must be made by the mission are hindered only by the lack of morat and finanboards in their ministry to New Americans. cial support.

The various programs of rehabilitation, resettlement and rehousing of depressed and disad- AS PROF. EINSTEIN NOW SEES THE OHUROH "Being a lover of freedom, when the revolution came in Germany, I looked to the univer- sities to defend it, knowing that they had always boasted of their devotion to the cause of truth; but no, the universities were immediately silenced. Then I looked to the great editors of the newspapers whose flaming editorials in days gone by had proclaimed their love of freedom; but they, like the universities, were silenced in a few short weeks. Then I looked to the individual writers, who, as literary guides of Germany had written much and often con- cerning the place of freedom in modern life; but they, too, were mute.

"Only the Church stood squarely across the path of Hitler's campaign for suppressing the truth. I never had any special interest in the Church before, but now I feel a great affection and admiration because the Church alone has had the courage and persistence to stand for intellectual truth and moral freedom. I am forced to confess that what I once despised I now praise unreservedly." ALBERT EINSTEIN; quoted in The Living Church.

Among Ozark

By PAUL A. WOBUS, Manchester, Missouri Director of Mountain Work in the Ozarks "you ought to go to Vichy if you're looking "You ought to go to Short Bend," said a man for a spiritually-neglected place," said a on the road. "No church there at all; virgin ter- friend when he heard that I had been dele- ritory. No opposition-no prejudices."

gated to find an opening in the Ozarks for work I went to all four points-and many others. I to be sponsored by what was then the Evangelical had been asked to select any area where no other Synod. "It seems to be quite a center, judging church was effectively serving. "Of course,"

from the number of people who gather there for added the genial chairman of the committee, "you the Saturday night when the fiddlers sway to need not go all the way down to the Arkansas line.

More than likely you'll find a field nearer to your home on the outskirts of St. Louis."

My observations revealed several typical Ozark church situations.

Vichy is truly a center. It boasts a population of 210, which, in the sparsely settled rural sec- tions of the Ozarks, is not small. I happened to come to this town on a Friday, and found there a large gathering of some kind. Inquiry brought out that the banker was a member of the official board of the church which was still intact. He said that he was interested in having an active church. The town needed it and he would give his support.

"May we use the building for services tomor- row night and Sunday morning?" I asked.

"Why-er-that is, the time is so short. The house needs cleaning up, there is no oil in the lamps, and a window pane is out. And [this was the real hitch] we'd have to see the district super- intendent about it. What denomination did you say you are connected with?"

We were face to face with one of those tragic DIFFICULTIES OF CHURCH GOING IN SHANN'ON COUNTY cases, where a dead organization is an obstacle in the way of any live effort. Cobwebs and dust yield their tunes for the old-time square dances. Dur- readily to an energetic arm ; window panes can ing my two weeks' vacation there I found that the be replaced; but ecclesiastical machinery, always village church has been closed for some time." cumbersome, may block the path to progress. In rural areas this is felt even more than in cities. "You, ought to go to Lesterville," said an Ozarkian. "Yes, I know they have a church there, *** but it does not serve the community. It is practically dead." Lesterville's sole church organization was functioning after a fashion. Of the strict immer- "You ought to go to Antioch," s,aid a druggist sionist type, it had about fifty members, six or in an Ozark county seat. "It's the very place for eight of whom were said to be active. The pasthe work you have in mind. Two churches at tor, a man of more than average ability, came once Antioch, both defunct; one at Gill and a fourth a month from another church 121 miles south, at Stone Hill, in the same state. Unite these four over roads which a decade and a half ago were into one strong church at a logical center. An- none too good. _ tioch is ready for you~the people are tired of It was not difficult to get a good attendance for divisive sectarianism." the monthly services we conducted at Lesterville.

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EXPERIENCES AMONG OZARK MOUNTAINEERS

Of much help was a devout Presbyterian, whose and which then is open to anyone and everyone family belonged to the local church, he himself who cares to use it. We had early come to know could not feel at home in its atmosphere of exclu- of several such churches, but they were standing siveness. He dreamed with us of a community idle most of the time for want of an organization church where people of all creeds could worship or a responsible group to make sure of a definite, our common Master, Christ. The postmistress, continuous program of worship, service and study. also a member of the church, rendered friendly Short Bend still does not have a church, but all help. THE' SHANNONDALE COMMUNITY HOUSE Not many months elapsed before the seemingly defunct organization took on a new lease on life. manner of sects have put forth spasmodic efforts Giving them credit for being sincere in their efforts, and consistent with our ideals of a united there. *** Christendom, we slackened our own pace lest we divide the community. When we ceased to be Eminence, a county seat town, is an example aggressive the ardor of the local church rapidly of yet another type of sectarian sniping. At one cooled. time there had been four church organizations- two of them of the immersionist persuasion. After some years of this sort of procedure, the These four used the union church building in a immersionists had thawed out to such a degree peaceful way-one Sunday every month for each. that we withdrew altogether. The local church In time one of the immersionistchurches, and made some gains, increased its active member- one of the other kind, died. The other two were ship, and improved the property, which originally of about equal strength. Voices were raised in had been intended as a community building. We favor of a community church, but we were undid not feel inclined to open a dispute over its pos- able to enter this field. session, but a number of people,among them some of the very best citizens, did not, and perhaps Then there came to the non-immersionist group never will, affiliate with a church of this type. a young minister with a determination to climb. Their dream of a community church is unrealized He won the ecclesiastical approval he courted by because they want to be generous with those of whipping up the enthusiasm of his congregation their friends and neighbors whose church life to the point of erecting their own church building. makes them narrow-minded. There are many His frie.nds predicted that with such "success" to Lestervilles in the Ozarks! his "credit" he would rise high among the clergy of the land. They prophesied that he would be *** called to the pulpit of a large city church. He did not get such a call before he had widened the Rather against our own judgment, but in re- breach in this little Ozark town which now has sponse to a very definite call, we entered the An- two church buildings where one would suffice. tioch-Stone Hill neighborhood. The four churches of that locality belonged to two sects. The natives *** asked us to merge the two of one kind which still had some life in them. The other two seemed The Ozarkian is by nature deeply religious.. He beyond the possibility of revival, even to the is the descendant of a people who not only were preacher who had hastily organized them, yet the well-grounded on the Bible but who reserved for old organization had some adherents whose te- themselves the right to interpret it. Jealously nacity was worthy of a noble cause. guarding their liberty, they freely grant it to others. A relatively small percentage are mem- *** bers of a church and these are scattered among many sects. Our difficulty lies not, with those At Short Bend, where we held a number of services as we were forming contacts throughout this section of the Ozarks, there was no debris of any existing organization to clear away. An obstacle was the cityward exodus on the part of those whose enthusiasm welded the community together. There was also a misconception of the community church.

We had held two services in the schoolhouse at Short Bend and then somebody spoke of building a church. The entire group seemed to fall in line and, being very new in the Ozark work at that time, we hailed this suggestion with delight. Many Ozarkians speak of a union church, meaning one which the entire community helps to build

outside the Church, but with those church mem- agencies trained and equipped for guiding the bers who fail to act like Christians. physical, cultural, social, economic and religious development of the region. We must also remember that overchurching is really underchurching and leads to spiritual de- *** pression. It is easy to effect a new organization and to erect another church building-lumber be- After several years of orientation and reconing cheap. There is a smug satisfaction in cling- noitering we began to concentrate at Stone Hill, ing tenaciously to a creed and in thinking that all Bixby, and in northern Shannon County, Misthat religion means is to defend it with great zeal. souri.

This sectarian zeal has wrought untold havoc in At Stone Hill we did succeed in merging two the Ozarks. As soon as one responsible group decadent churches. Some years later, in response undertakes an adequate ministry, an astonishingly to desire of the people, a community church was large number of self-appointed preachers comes organized. The wounds caused by old-time diforth to complicate the work. "There is a visive sectarianism have by no means been healed; preacher behind .every stump," in the picturesque the preachers of other sects do not always refrain language of an Ozarkian. If somebody would hold from interference with the good work that is be- ing done; but we go on, preaching and teaching AT A COMMUNITY GATHERING IN THE OZARKS the unifying power of Christian love. One handi- cap is. that the denomination which relinquished the preachers in check, we would feel competent the field to us fifteen years ago still owns the to deal with the laity! church building and makes an effort now and then to come back. The Sunday school has gone on Villages and small towns are the worst suffer- uninterruptedly for 61 years. ers from over-churching in the Ozarks. Hamlets and the open country have fewer churches for *** their population. At Bixby we entered a field in which no reli- What is it, then, that we set out to accomplish gious work had ever been done until our native in our ministry to the Ozarks? Briefly this, to Ozarkian evangelist, the Rev. Zenith F. Yount, bring the Gospel of God's redemptive love to all, preached the first sermon there. One month later, regardless of man-made barriers and creedal di- when I accompanied him to Bixby for what I visions. We seek to unite in indigenous churches thought would be the second sermon, a man said those who already profess faith in the Lord Jesus to us, "This will be the third service here. Brother Christ and to win others to Him. We aim to Clark slipped in ahead of you, but the place is minister to those who have hitherto been passed yours anyway by squatter's rights." by, and to lift the natives out of their tendency toward an ingrown religion; we want to give A church was organized after a revival which them a consciousness of and a share in, the com- resulted in a most amazing transformation of munion of saints; we would like to make the what was once known as the toughest little spot Church the institution from which radiate whole- in the Ozarks. The work is going forward in some influences on all of life, by cooperating with spite of occasional inroads by various types of "Holiness groups" who like to meet at just the time of Pastor Yount's bi-monthly appointments. When they asked for the use of the building- which is a remodeled store, purchased from funds raised by the sale of used clothing-a real prob- lem arose. Some of the church members were quick to refuse, while others felt that they should be hospitable. Showers of rain one Sunday set- tled the question-nobody had the heart to turn anyone out. Such revivals stir up great enthu- siasm for the time, but after it dies down our work continues as before. At Bixby the Sunday school carries on under native leadership.

*** In Shannon County, south of Salem, Missouri, we discovered a large area in which no church of any kind was functioning. It is one of the most rugged sections of the Ozarks, with narrow val- leys along the many streams. The population is sparse, and there were but few people to count on at the start. The community lacked cohesion, yet

THE WORLD NEEDS THE CHURCH

a united church came as the natural result of one More and more calls are coming in from other of the greatest revivals ever held in the Ozarks, communities for a united church. The Ozarkian, conducted by Pastor Yount. Since we wanted keen and alert student of life, is giving this type to serve an extensive parish, the welding together his approval. We believe that by helping the of a number of rural school districts, we worked towards the purchase of a tract on the main high- GOING TO CHURCH IN THE OZARK MOUNTAINS way running through the center of the county from north to south, and named it Shannondale. Ozarks to make a contribution to the spirituality In 1932 a community house was built of native of the world, the efforts of the Evangelical and stone. The Rev. Vincent W. Bucher, who had en- Reformed Church are bearing rich fruit. deared himself to the people of this region as a teacher in Vacation Church Schools, became resident pastor of Shannondale in 1934. Last year the thank-offering of the women of the Evangelical and Reformed Church was used for the erection of a modern manse for the Bucher family.

A group of natives, under the guidance of Mr. Bucher, formed the Shannondale Cooperative Association and operate a store in a building they erected on the same tract. A Folk School, held for three weeks. each year, seeks to enrich life. Weekly recreation and play nights, with also some opportunity for study, are very popular. Besides holding church school and services at the center, Mr. Bucher preaches at a number of isolated schoolhouses.

The World Needs the Church The Commentator has this to say about the na- no freedom is secure. Close the Bible, and what tions and the Church: becomes of a free press? Silence the pulpit, and what is left of free speech? Many of us have vague ideas of religion. We care little for creeds and ceremonies. We leave The value of a church to society-the sermons, the churches to the clergy and spend our time else- the sacraments, the music, the missions, the hospiwhere. Some of us, however, have been startled talities and the pastoral services of the clergy beout of our indifference. We are not as sure as we hind the scenes-is to be measured by a twofold used to be that a world without churches is the standard. A church does good: a church preworld in which we want to live. We feel a need, vents evil. Churches remind us of the weak who and wonder whether churches might not meet this are apt to be trampled under foot, of the sufferers need. who yearn for sympathy, of the bereaved who cry out for consolation, of strangers against whom What arouses us is a contrast. In some coun- prejudice is apt to be fomented, of failures in life tries churches are respected. In other countries who want to make a fresh start. . . . churches are humiliated. Whatever may be our beliefs or unbeliefs, we know which kind of coun- Children within a church form friendships .with try we prefer. Millions are eager to enter coun- other children, similarly situated, and are less tries where churches are active. Millions· are liable to drift into the no-man's-land where eager to escape from countries where churches juvenile delinquency is a danger. . . . are suppressed. . . . After three centuries of experience, this nation still believes in churches. They who condemn churches as obsolete, con- They may differ widely from one another in faiths demn themselves. For churches are not only diand forms of worship. But, jointly and severally, vine. They are human. They are what men and they justify their existence. women enable them to be.

In the fight for democracy against dictatorship This Year of Grace, 1939, challenges civilization. throughout the world, churches and synagogues To uphold civilization is the urgent task. It is not are in the forefront of the hottest battle. They wholly a matter for surprise that churches should stand for freedom of conscience without which be appraised afresh as an ally of society in its hour of grave uncertainty.

South's Number One

The Tenant Farmer – Whence and Whither?

-~ I By the REV. ARCHIE C. SMITH, De Queen, Arkansas I)ae– I N THE fertile river valleys of the Southland posses,sed little or no capital, no land and no tools is found some of the best alluvial land in the with which to farm. Legal emancipation was not world. The God of nature has there provided enough to enable him to establish himself on a man with the means of producing abundant har- self-supporting basis. With only his bare hands vests. Yet it is here, in this land of plenW, that and a willingness to work at the only trade he we find conditions which challenge the social, edu- knew, the Negro turned to the planter for employ- cational and religious institutions of North Amer- ment.

ica. For it is here that we encounter the South's On the other hand the planter possessed large number one economic problem, the share-cropper, tracts of land the cultivation of which required a or more correctly the tenant farmer. As Chris- . tremendous amount of manuallahor. Out of their tians focus their attention upon this problem it is mutual need was born the sharecropper system important to look at the underlying causes as well in which the planter agreed to rent a certain as at the results,. number of acres of farm land in return for a Too frequently have the efforts of Christian share of the crop at harvest. The planter also forces proven futile because they have approached supplied a house, seed, garden patch, farm ani- a solution without understanding the economic mals, and money for food during the time of grow- and social background. An historical inquiry as ing and harvesting the crop. This money with to the South's "Number One Problem" shows the interest was charged to the tenant's account and condition of the tenant farmer to be largely de- deducted from his share of the proceeds from the termined by social and economic factors as well sale of the year's harvest.

as by the use of unchristian ethics on the part of Under this arrangement the rent usually re- both the tenant farmer and the landlord. quired half the year's crop. This system has re- The history of the tenant farmer reaches back mained virtually unchanged until today. Its into the early history of the South. The great greatest weakness is that at best it furnishes to tlie waves of settlers who came from the eastern sea- average tenant but a mere living. Any emergency board were of two sorts, the wealthy planter who that may arise from sickness or crop failure will settled on large tracts of land in the river valleys, often throw the tenant in debt so deep that he is and the poorer farmer who settled on the less fer- always in arrears to the landlord.

tile farms in the hills. The romantic pictures of In this way the tenant was virtually bound to plantation life in the South before the War are the land. His only escape has been to go to another not a true graph of its social structure. Every planter, with whom he eventually found himself river bottom plantation operated: with slave labor, in the same predicament. The development of the was matched by numerous dirt farmers who lived industries of the North and East brought an ave- and labored in the hills. nue of escape. .Labor agents came South and The Civil War brought about the emancip~tion thousands of N~ro tenants went with them to of the slave but it wrought little change in the the North, thus es~aping from their debt burdened social structure of the South. ThehiU farmer status in the farm tenant system.

continued his way earning a living' from·n.is few acres. He chose one of his sons as his successor The Hill Farmer's Troubles on the farm and equipped the others for the trades Meanwhile things were happening to the hill or professions. The planter and his former slaves farmer. Unscientific farming led to the erosion succeeded in effecting an adjustment that enabled and the depletion of the fertility of his land. Year the fertile river valleys to continue to produce a after year decreases in his crop yields lowered his major portion of the world's supply of cotton. To status in the economic scale of the South's agri- supplant the old system of slavery a new system cultural system. His tribe was increasing with was evoIved which was to become known as the each generation and, with his decreasing income, sharecropper plan. The N e gr 0 "freed-man" he was finding it impossible to maintain his posi- [286] . tion in the social order. He was no longer able by every trait of temperament and personality to to educate his sons for the trades and professions enter into an economy which called for the closest therefore his already overburdened acres were cooperation between planter and tenant. He re- called on to support even greater numbers. Lack- belled against the close supervision exercised by ing capital to move to more fertile land his only the planter and friction was inevitable.

recourse was to remain on and eke out an exist- Owing to the inherent weakness of the farm ence of a sort. With his economic strength van- tenant system (tenant indebtedness) the worker's ishing he naturally began to deteriorate socially. meager capital was soon exhausted and his eco- The triune ravages of the South, hookworm, ma- nomic existence came to depend wholly upon his laria and pellagra, were exacting their toll from employer. Unfortunately for many tenants this his physical body, leaving him without energy. attitude was none too favorable. Frequently the The one-room public school was doing its best tenant was fractious and the planter soon tired to provide an education but it seldom did more of the strife that was continuously creeping into than to teach him to read and write and lead him their relationships. Since many tenants were to feel that he had all the educational world had unreliable the planter learned to regard them as to offer. His reaction to conditions beyond the a bad economic risk. Under such conditions realm of his understanding grew to be one of planters felt justified in getting rid of them as stupid suspicion. His personality, locked in the soon as possible. They passed from plantation to vaults of superstition and. ignorance, became a plantation until finally no one would have them.

dwarfed and distorted image of his forbears. Thus hundreds of white tenant families found Religious Decadence themselves thrown on their own pitifully inade- quate resources. They usually found some aban- In his religious life we find the same pitiful doned house and eked out an existence as best story of decadence. The clergy were recruited they could, doing odd jobs. Other white tenants from his. own ranks and made the transition from however succeeded in making the adjustment to the laity to the ministry by the simple expedient the system, until the depression made their posiof swapping the plow and the furrow for the Bible tion insecure. and the pulpit. About all this type of ministry has had to offerits. parishioners. is a very narrow A new factor, in the way of farm management, and limited conception of the broad principles of entered the field. Insurance companies were Christianity. The tenant farmer's faith came to forced to take over and operate many plantations consist of an extreme denominational conscious- to protect investments in southern farm lands ness; it was decidedly negative in character, pos- and established corporations. for the purpose of sessing little of the vital qualities of true Chris- carrying on farming operations. These business tianity. As a rule the average minister rose or organizations soon realized the economic weakfell in the estimation of his congregation with his ness of the tenant farmer and the mule and supability to vanquish his denominational foes in an planted them with the tractor and wage hand. ecclesiastical debate. Sometimes these theological Thus many more tenants passed out of the farm tenant system.

arguments grew so tempestuous that the police The Negro Tenant had to be called to enforce the peace. The position of the Negro tenant was also threatened. Tmnsition from the "share" method As generations came and went the stronger to a daily wage was disastrous to both the Negro sons succeeded in escaping from the farm, leav- and white tenant. Neither was able, by training ing the weaker to usher in a new generation a or ability, to manage his own economic affairs. little further down on the social scale. Like his They were forced to establish an entirely new impoverished acres the tenant farmer's character basis of economic existence on a low wage scale. has been depleted in moral, spiritual, intellectual The only time the cultivation of cotton demands and physical strength. The chief characteristic a great deal of manual labor is during the hoeing that remains from his pioneering forbears is a and harvest seasons. But these Negroes simply fierce pride; but unlike his forbears he has little do not possess. the economic sagacity to be able justification in his character for such a pride.

With the planters of the South looking for labor to manage a small seasonal income so that it will to replace Negro tenants who had gone North, cover the needs of an entire year. Thus many came an opportunity for the poor white man to more tenant families were added to the homeless escape from his impoverished land. He therefore and unemployed.

sold his holdings. for whatever they would bring With the arrival of the cotton control program and with this limited capital moved to the planta- many more will be forced into this group. The tions to take the place of the departed Negro. planter has been forced to reduce his acreage This was a terrible mistake. He was ill suited planted to cotton. If he is forced to reduce his

acreage one-third it is only a matter of simple a conference on the problem, but little was accomfractions to make him realize that he can get along plished other than the realization of the immensity with two-thirds of his tenants. Thus the farmless of the difficulty. group is threatened with a large increase in its numbers. Once this primary need has been met the next step must be to establish and carry out a South- There is yet another Damoclesian sword hang- wide program of human rehabilitation which will ing over the head of the hapless farm tenant. restore in the individuals of the farm tenant group The rules under which the government subsidizes the material and spiritual ability to fend for themits soil conservation program require that the selves in the rapidly changing economy of the rent paid the planter for acres planted with soil South. No such program has been formulated, conservation crops shall be shared with the tenant. but a hint as to its character may he found in the Here is an opportunity for the planter to profit success of the various social and educational by exchanging the rent system for the daily wage. agencies laboring in areas inhabited by large num- If he is not renting the land to the farm tenant, bers of tenants. In the regular course of their but merely working him by the day, he will receive duties they have touched the life of the individual the entire subsidy check. In the writer's experi- tenant and have brought about some very encourence he has known of no planters. resorting to this aging results. The Agricultural Extension Servunjust means of augmenting their income, but it ice has brought to the mind of the farmer a knowlis a possibility that must be considered by the edge of scientific farming and to his wife the farm tenant. advantages of agood home and home environment. The Public Health Service is teaching them the The Situation Today rudiments of simple hygiene and the value of diet in health. The displacing of the one-room school As the situation is today the Southern tenant by the consolidated school has wrought a wonderfarmer falls into two classes; the farmless tenant, ful change in the social and educational outlook who in reality is no longer a sharecropper but of their children. The children of the average is generally regarded as such; and the tenant tenant farmer today have a much broader and farmer who has succeeded in remaining in the more intelligent view of life than their parents. "system." It is imperative that the former re- If the more promising of these children could seceive attention at once. One cannot but be cure the advantages of a higher education they shocked at the thought of helpless people sitting could extricate themselves from the toils of the beside the road with no place to go. Here are sharecropping system and in a generation or two step-children of an economy which is rapidly would become normal Americans. As it is they changing and, in its change, can find no place for know that college is for them in the realm of the its unwanted wards. Very little is being done to improbable, if not impossible. With this barren meet the needs of this group. A few have found outlook before them they marry at an early age, refuge in the Farm Security Administration, a start to farming on shares, bring a large family federal agency, which is carrying out a national into the world, go in debt and remain so until program of rural rehabilitation. Others have death settles the account with the landlord. been brave enough to endeavor to homestead lands in the poorly drained swamp areas. They cannot While the work of reclamation, wrought by these hope for much success for they are without cap- social agencies, is merely a dent in the surface, "ital to carry them through the lean years before the success of their limited operations shows that their newly acquired acres can be brought to pro- the Southern tenant farmer is able to make a reduction. If their venture is successful this outlet sponse to efforts in his behalf. will serve only a small proportion of those in need. Some are finding a refuge in the homes of rela- The Christian Aspects tives who have succeeded in retaining their position as tenants on the plantations still using the What are the Christian aspects of the situation? share-cropping system. Unfortunately they are few for little Christianity has been exercised by the principals involved. The most immediate and urgent need in the The religious and moral life of the tenant farmer whole Southern tenant farmer problem is to find is only a dim shadow of the Christ-inspired life. a means of economic existence for those who are Gradually through the generations, the farmer in the army of farmless tenants. Other than the has come to look upon the Bible as containing limited amount of work heing done by the Farm proof texts for his denominational position rather Security Administmtion, and a single project be- than as a rule of faith and life. But the planter ing conducted by a group of socially minded has had many of his generous impulses shattered American Christians, there have been no con- by treachery and unreliability on the part of some structive efforts made toward the remedying of of his tenants. The Christian forces working in this situation of homeless people. One state held their midst have failed to realize that the tenant

THE SOUTH'S NUMBER ONE PROBLEM

farmer needs to. have evidences Qf their mission- farmers find that it is virtually impossible to effect ary interest. any radical change in the outlook of the older gen- eration. The young people, however, readily re- None of the Home Mission authorities of the spond to influences which are brQught to bear on more prominent churches of the South have thus their lives. If they can be reached befQre their far come to look upon the farm tenant group as environment has warped their cQnception of life, one which needs a well planned prQgram Qf mis- they will make as much progress as any group of sionary effort in their behalf. Only here and there average young Americans. in an isolated case does one find such a missionary project. The experience gained from these The promotiQn of a missionary project for a activities teach us that the tenant is not only the community of tenant farmers in southeast Ar- South's number one economic and social pro.blem, kansas has shown the writer that the task of but that this group also represents Southern effecting the spiritual rehabilitation of the tenant Christianity's numberQne spiritual problem. Ef- farmer will be a IQng hard struggle, filled with forts are being made by the State to effect the bitter experiences. The work began in an abaneconomic and social rehabilitation Qf the tenant doned one-room school house. The tenants posfarmer, and it is essential that the Church under- sessed no. means with which to erect a church gird this work with a well-planned program of building and refused to believe that funds CQuid Christian activity. It is 'a tremendous task which be secured. During the period of raising funds will require the wholehearted effort of every home from outside sources, the purchas.ing of materials mission agency in the Church. and the erection of the building, every conceivable obstacle was thrown in the way Qf the project by First of all effeotive work in this field will re- the tenants themselves. The pastor's character quire a ministry that is "wise as serpents and was assailed and his motives questioned at every harmless as doves." Men of ability must be will- turn; it was not until after four years of someing to devote their ministry to. sacrifice on the times heart-breaking service that his ministry altar of Christian service. The minister will be was vindicated in their sight. By the exercising called upon to work with people who will questiQn of patience and understanding, refusing to allow his motives. His every move will be subject to himself the luxury Qf righteous indignation, he scrutiny to. see if there is some flaw in his char- finally won their confidence and the tenant farmacter. In his presence the tenant farmers will ers with their families became loyal friends. express appreciation for his services, but to each When the church building was a reality large other they will be apt to speak of him with SCQrn crowds began to attend the services and the light and will ridicule his ministry. The minister to the of the Gospel was shed over the community. A tenant farmer must be a man of preaching ability. sound program Qf religious education was adopted It is no easy task to preach acceptably to thQse and Christian influences began to be revealed in who require the simplest of thoughts cQuched in daily lives. This work was correlated with the the simplest of language. The peQple instinctively program of the social agencies in the community resent anything they do not understand. and the program of rehabilitation there, today, is well balanced and wholesome. If organized Christianity ever recognizes the challenge presented to. it in the Southern tenant Under the inspiration of this church and its farmer and decides on some prQgram of missiQn- activities, several young men and women, who ary activity, there must be adequate financial had dropped out Qf school, have been induced to backing. In Qrder that his work may have an air resume their high school studies and one young of permanence the missionary must have a build- man is in college today, literally lifting himself by ing in which to. carry out a program of Christian his own efforts toward a higher education. The activity. There is little permanence abo.ut a brush social life has undergone a gradual change. The arbor and an abandoned one-room school house, weekly community dance, which generally ended such as are the abode of itinerant preachers who in a drunken brawl, has disappeared and the gento.o often exploit the peQple rather than render a eral moral tone of the community life has taken religious service. Anyone utilizing such places. as on an entirely different hue. Truly the power of houses of worship is classed in the itinerant group this church is being felt in the economic, social for which the tenant farmer has little respect. If and religious life Qf this community and is pointthe missionary's work is to be at all successful ing the way to higher and nobler conceptiQns. We it must be housed in a respectable building; then believe that some day the social agencies of Amerthe tenant farmer, who is naturally a church ica will find a solution to the social and economic goer, will fill it to capacity. problems of the sharecro.Pper. When that day comes the church in a community will be able A good program of religiQus. educatiQn will en- to lend its help toward making that solution efable the tenant farmer to apply mQral and spir- fective. itual truth to the sQcial and economic prQblems of his life. Those who have labored among tenant

Berea's Work for

Some Impressions Gathered from Revisiting the College After Thirty-five Years r~"- -'1l!;;1====;;o;;B;;o;;Y;;o;;D;;o;;E;;o;;L;;o;;A;;o;;V;;o;;A_N=L;;o;;';;o;;PI;;o;;E;;o;;R;;o;;SO;;o;;N====-=l..I, T HE true value of every factory or institution and in other parts of the nation and in foreign is to be judged by its products. In America lands. A new era has been ushered into the moun- the name of Berea has become synonymous tains of the South by what Berea has taught and with effective, practical Christian education. Here done. At comparatively small expense, the colgood raw material is received in the form of boys lege has shown how to accomplish wonders in and girls from the Southern Mountains and is practical education by new methods of farming shaped into strong, intelligent, useful Christian and stock raising, by courses in home-making, citizens. Many' other schools and colleges are en- nursing and child training, by modern business deavoring to do the same kind of work but most methods, by industries such as baking, weaving, of them with much less evidence of success. They printing, and furniture making. Students not only would like to know Berea's secret in order that help to earn their way by these industries but they they too may achieve as satisfactory results; but are taught the dignity of labor and learn to be exthey are, in too many cases, handicapped by tra- perts in one or more of these lines. Their products dition, by too much money, by indulgent parents, are works of art with high commercial value. or perhaps even by a lack of the highest ideals, Each student is required to payor earn $150.00 and true sacrificial service on the part of faculty a year to cover his or her expenses for room and and trustees. board, but most of them are able to earn a large part of these expenses by work in the industries, One reason why Berea is a truly great institu- on the farm or elsewhere. The results are seen tion is because it is not so handicapped. The col- in the wide-awake, industrious, fine spirited stulege is rather enriched by tradition, by its ideals, by the necessity for economy and hard work, by dent body.

the quality of the student body, and by the char- What are some of the secrets of Berea's success acter and spirit of its faculty and trustees. Berea in making strong, self-reliant men and women out has a high aim and a noble history and seeks to of the comparatively raw, untrained and underbe true to them today. This unique college, which privileged boys and girls of the mountains?

has today 1700 students, has grown out of a dis- First. Berea gives hope to the students. Many trict school, with a very few pupils, which was of them come from homes where poverty has opened at Berea, Kentucky, by John G. Fee in brought discouragement, where the "upright" 1855. mountain farms offer little possibility for earning a livelihood to support a growing family of chil- The equipment has grown from a small frame building unm it now.comprises a large and beau- dren; where poor roads and lack of schools give tiful campus and forest of 6,284 acres and little opportunity for economic or intellectual rriany fine buildings with all the necessary equip- progress; where churches cannot support a ment for physical, industrial, intellectual and spir- trained minister. Berea teaches these boys and itual education. In the early days Berea sought girls to look forward not back; to be dissatisfied to promote understanding between the white and with past achievements and with things as they Negro races by co-education, but when the Ken- are; to look ahead hopefully to something better tucky Legislature made this illegal, the college -in education, in the economic situation, in Christurned its attention wholly to the neglected and tian service, and in life as a whole. They learn underprivileged mountaineers of the South. Now to look forward to something better than the old 90 per cent of the students must be from the cabins such as are common in the mountains and mountains; no more than 10 per cent can be re- are inspired and taught to build new homes that ceived from outside this region, although many cost little; they learn how to make these attractive apply. The product of Berea has made the college and clean through the science of home-making. famous., for many of its former students have be- Berea students are given a vision of life that is come honored teachers, lawyers, physicians, truly worth living here and that looks forward to Christian preachers, legislators, business men and the Life beyond. home-makers in their own mountain communities Second. Berea gives its students courage and [290 ] inspires them with ambition and energy to do the strictly "cultural" work, is the labor system, a seemingly impossible. They are taught never to be discouraged by handicaps; not to complain be- dominant emphasis of the institution. Each dorcause of what they lack but to use thankfully and effectively what they have. They are taught never mitory student labors ten hours a week or more to accept defeat in any ambition that is high and useful and to realize that nothing good is impos- and for this he is paid in labor credits which are sible to those who have faith, courage and perseverance. There are multitudes of examples in available toward the payment of college bills. The Berea's history from the days of John G. Fee to those of William J. Hutchins. purpose of the labor system is to make it possible Third. Berea teaches its students the value for a student who otherwise would not be able to and joy of unselfish service. They are not encouraged to come to Berea merely for what they can procure an adequate education to win the special do for themselves but because there they can prepare better to serve their fellow men. This is the advantages of Berea. In no one of our campus spirit of the college from the president down to the first year student-and it makes them unusu- schools do we charge tuition. ally cheerful and attractive. Ability to earn money, or to achieve fame of personal comfort, is A student may labor in the dairy, on the farm, not the goal set before them; it is the ideal of making their homes, their community and the in the garden, in the broom industry, in the bakworld a better place in which to live. It is the same ambition that actuated Sir Wilfred Grenfell ery, in the laundry, in the heat and power plant, of Labrador and Dwight L. Moody of Northfield in their life service. Godlike love is the ideal and in the several weaving industries, in some janitor motive that sets the standard of service. service, in Boone Tavern, in one of the offices of Fourth. Berea teaches its students to look to God their Heavenly Father for power to attain the institution. Work for which a student receives these ideals. Youth must not only look forward hopefully and within courageously as they take educational credit, yields him no money; labor stock of their assets, but they must look around lovingly to meet the needs of others and they must which yields him financial credit, gives him no edlook up to receive the guidance and strength of God. Berea is assured that this higher source of ucational credit. Much of the labor is highly eduhelp is provided in Jesus Christ and the Bible. Students are not expected to fight the battle of life cational. A student janitor in one of our buildalone. Prayer, Bible study, church services and student organizations are used to promote spir- ings, a man recently from the mountains, reitual life. These growing young people learn what many great men and women have learned-that marked the other day, "Me and cobwebs are not true success is attained by putting God first and others second; and that putting self first and God congenial any more." No registrar's card can second courts failure. capture that type of education; but that is edu- *** cation. . As President Hutchins Looks at Berea Some years ago we, at Berea College, sponsored (Excerpts from an address by President William J. Hutchins, given before the Rural Life As- a County Achievement contest. This contest, sociation of Lexington, Kentucky, and printed in their periodical.) originating in the mind of our one time secretary, Berea College is now eighty-four years old. Mr. Marshall Vaughn, which may be tried in vari- Many efforts have been made to label or to classify Berea. It teaches cultural subjects, but ous sections. Judge Bingham offered $5,000 in it is not a "cultural" school; it teaches agriculture, but it is not an "agricultural" school; it prizes, to be divided between the two counties teaches the industries, but it is not an "industrial" school. which should win the largest number of points in Quite separate, whether from the vocational or a County Contest. Nine counties participated. If any man in a county put screens on his house, built a toilet, or painted his house; if any man cooperated in mending the steps of the church house, or in painting a schoolhouse, he did not win a prize himself, but he helped his county win a prize. The friendly emulation of mountain counties in a revamping, redeeming enterprise means a great advance. A man who has once caught a vision of his county with decent roads, and schools, and churches, and toilets, a man who has worked with fellow citizens for a Cause, is not going to be satisfied with shrubbiness and squalor and walrus-like isolation. The County Achievement Contest proved that there are forces in our mountain communities that lead our people toward a high and holy civilization.

A second emphasis of Berea College is the Home. We rest in the belief long ago expressed by Francis Peabody that "the home holds the key to the salvation of the state."

We went into the mountains and found a typical house of the poorer sort; it had no windows in the sides or in the lean-to; it had no foundations.; the hens and hogs of earth, and the winds of heav- en, could find their way beneath it. This house we bought, took down, and moved in sections so

that we could place it in a quiet but central site and women, in a health program, supervised by upon our campus. Next to this house we erected, with the aid of our own construction department, Dr. Joel E. Goldthwait, of Boston. and under the guidance of our Home Economics Department, a "contrast house," the material cost- Each autumn twenty or twenty-five doctors, exing us only $650. The result is a house into which I should be proud to have anyone of our alumni amine our students ; after the examination a sillive with his bride. Within a little mo~e than a year we sold more than eighty-five blueprints of houette is taken of each student. A girl looks at this house. her silhouette and says: "That isn't my picture, Aside from the class and laboratory work done in our Home Economics building, there are five is it ?" "Yes., that's your photograph." As a recountry or "practice homes." In each of these is an expert teacher of Home Economics, who lives sult the girl changes her posture almost as quickly with her girls, eats with them three times a day, guides them as they fashion their menus and their as she changes the way she dresses her hair. Thus meals, as they keep their food expenses within two dollars and sixty-five cents, a week for each a better physical breed of men and women are goperson. In one of these country homes is a baby. ing back into the mountains, whence 90 % of our I had supposed that the girls would kill the baby with love, but I learned better. One day a visitor 2,QOO students come. from Boone Tavern came to see the baby. It was at a time of influenza. A modest mountain girl A fourth emphasis .at Berea is the Ancient came to the door, and asked the visitor, "Have you a cold?" "No." "Then I will see if the baby Simplidties and the Fine Arts. Some students is asleep." In other words, if you haven't had a cold, and if the baby is not as,leep, then you may have not money enough to pay for stamps to send see the baby. That is education. letters home. We are doing our best to inculcate *** a democracy which makes it possible for the boy, There is a new and strange shop on the Berea campus. A man ninety years old, but shrewd and who on Sunday presses his blue jeans, to go to keen, came to tell me of the futility of a college education. He said that college men broke down church and not be embarrassed by the boy next to in the time of depression; that a college man did not know even how to change a fuse in his own him, with white collar and better clothes. At the house if he used electricity. He went on to say that every American ought to be able to till his same time there is emphasis on the Fine Arts. own ground, and to build his own house. Finally he gave us money enough to pay for the part sal- Music and art, we insist, are not the monoply of ary of a high class "Jack of all Trades,," and to build a shop, in which five girls this past year the financially elect. "All of God's, chillen have made their own looms, and in which an average of 150 boys worked each week. Here the boys may wings." Through the window of our "House of study the framing of a house, the wiring of a house, the plumbing of a house, and so on. the People," we seek to prove to our students that The Council on Economic Conditions of the the mountains are beautiful, and that mountain South report that 4,000,000 Southern families should be rehoused. This is one-half of all the life is potentially beautiful. families in the South. And yet, "The home holds the key to the salvation of the state." The fifth emphasis of Berea is religion. While A third emphasis of Berea College is health. we grant that there is no such thing as compUlsory We have a hospital with fifty beds and a contagious ward with 75 beds. Four doctors, two religion, we insist that our students shall be exdentists, four trained nurses, a dietitian and a technician are members of the staff. On the posed to the noblest thoughts which men have ground at one time we have 'approximately fifty student nurses. All join with the Department of cherished, whether they be thoughts concerning Physical Edu~atio;n, with its gymnasia for me)). mathematics, political science or religion.

We do our best to build a golden bridge by which a student may pass. from an impossible theology, and an erroneous Biblical interpretation, to thoughts and convictions about God and Christ which will enable him to fight fearlessly and win in the arena of modern life.

We do not expect our mountain people to be rich, nor shall we lightly endure their hideous destitution. If we Americans have a modicum of communal character and good will, such destitu- tion is absolutely needless.

We who serve the mountains are trying to teach the boys and girls that they can play without per- verting the most sacred instincts of mankind, that they can hear the golden trumpets sound while great sacrifices are being offered; that they may live a life of external hardship, and at the same time find their way, straight and clean, to the per- renial sources of joy which are not destroyed by the ravages of time and circumstance. We are trying to teach the boys and girls how to take their share, their full share, in the economic and spir- itual redemption of the South and in the cosmic redemption of which the great dreamers have dreamed and for which the prophets and apostle.$ .and martyrs h.ave died. . . –

A Challenge for Advance in

–<!III By REV. W. A. ROSS, D.O. Ill>- C APTAIN JIMENEZ, an officer iIi the med- have ministered in the Name of Christ to the sick, ical department of the aviation corps of the has completely changed the attitude of the people Mexican Government, a Protestant and one toward Protestant work. The schools during the of my former students, was remarking on the years they were being carried on, created a friend- tendency in the government toward a more lib- liness and called forth cordial support and elicited eral attitude to religion and a more· spiritual warm praise from all classes of the people.

philosophy. This tendency is more marked in A Nation in the Making some sections than in others. It is a challenge to the evangelical forces to take advantage of the if Mexico prides herself on being one toofbtehgeinfirtsht~ present situation, and at the same time a call from not the first, of the modern States Christ to present His claims upon all. The times and conditions are favorable. struggle for a larger freedom, and that was less We do not mean that all is friendliness toward than thirty years ago. As a nation that is being the Gospel, or that there are no forces of evil, no radical elements opposed to religion, no hearts in made over, she is very young. The people are Mexico that have no room for Christ. We refer to conditions in general. formulating new policies, they are working out At the Congress of the American Republics· in new systems of statecraft, they are facing the Peru, the dominant note was friendliness. The "good neighbor" policy is bearing fruit. It is in edcaownonm. I.CT, hseoyciaarle avnedrycusletnusriatlivecotnoditthioenspoolifticthale' this atmosphere we are working in Mexico but there come at times breaks in the friendly trend. present-day neighborhood world and are receiving Three or four years ago the church in Cuerna- ideas and patterns of behavior which are stirring vaca was closed for some months and the State government was making plans t~ take it as a cul- and moulding the minds and confusing or directtural center. It was saved, and in recent years we have not been in the least molested. Later ing the thoughts of multitudes. These new curthere was a heavy tax put on all ministers of religion. In some cases it amounted to more than rents are uprooting the foundations of their forhalf the salary. That also has been removed, and the ministers go about their duties as freely and mer simpler life, are affecting not only the outer openly and actively as in the United States. In another capital city about four years ago the forms, but also the inner contents and are shaplargest Protestant church was taken over by a semi-official labor group and used as headquarters ing the framework of a new civilization. until recently when it was turned back to the people for religious services. There is a tenacity in the old conditions and The liberal elements have always been favor- conceptions of life which do not yield easily, and able to the Protestant cause. Juarez said eighty years ago: "We need the Protestants in Mexico." there is much that should not yield, but no one And liberal-minded men of affairs in all walks of life have often expressed similar sentiments. can deny that this new structure moves with irre- Their knowledge of history teaches them that in countries where the Protestant faith predominates sistible force. The danger is that the good will there is liberty, progress, and a larger degree of happiness. There is also the missionary work go with the bad, and that sinister elements will that is being done before their own eyes. The work of the hospitals where the doctors and nurses come in. There is danger that, as they are pro- gressing through outer forms and organizations and are mastering the material, they wil not learn self-mastery or will not give a place for God who controls and masters life.

Here is the opportunity for the Evangelicals.

Just at a time when a nation is casting off the old faith there is the opportunity to press· the claims of the new; when hearts are open to the new it is a challenge to present Christ whose coming makes all things new.

A good number of those who have pretended to be the saviors of the people and guardians of their interests during the years of revolution have been selfish and unscrupulous men. This accompanies all revolutionary movements. We must also re- member that the efforts made to uplift the masses of the people take the form of material uplift.

• Reprinted from The Christian Ol1'8erver. This is needed and when rightly and wisely [293 ]

guided has its value; we can rejoice in everything The Religious Qualities of the Mexican People that is done to help in any way. The Mexican people are breaking away from But during the whole of the revolutionary pe- the dominant religion of the country, but this does not mean that they are irreligious or are losing riod there have been men and women who not their inherent religious qualities. Jose Vascononly have given themselves unselfishly for the selos, one-time Secretary of Education, speaking material welfare, but also have sought to bring to for his own people said: "We are Indian blood the masses larger cultural opportunities in the and soul; the language and civilization are Spanthings of the mind and the heart. There have ish"; and the Indian is by nature religious. His been enough of these to give continuity to the religion as a pagan before the conquest with its movement and under their leadership it has gone priesthood, its religious communities, its penances forward. and a host of deities, was the center of his life. His religion as a Roman Catholic, with its very Twenty-five years ago some of the men at the similar priesthood, with its pilgrimages and the head of the then very young revolutionary party attendant community life, its penances, its muloutlined. their plans for making available to titude of images and saints, was until recently, the masses a larger portion of the resources and and still is for many, the center of life. Those products of the country, for the education of all who have come into the Protestant faith with its the people and for the enlargement of their intel- ministry, sacraments and ordinances of New Teslectual and spiritual outlook on life. As we have tament type, with its fellowship with Christ and watched the progress throughout the years, in with those who love Him, with its repentance spite of many things to oppose and many un- from sin and pardon in Christ, with the free acworthy elements which have crept in, we have cess of all believers to God our Father through the observed that they have, generally speaking, held merits of His Son our Saviour, find joy and peace true to these ideals. At the heart of their pro- in this life of faith. grams there has been an earnest desire to help the people and to lift them up. With some, as in the There are many inherent qualities in the Mexcase of President Cardenas, it is a life passion. ican people, brought in through the Indian strain There are now, and have been from the beginning, and fostered by the dominance of the Roman Cathmen of like mind. One young thirty-five-year-old olic faith for centuries, which when captured by governor put on a vigorous anti-alcoholic cam- Christ go to make up well-rounded Christian charpaign, and is giving especial attention to the edu- acters. Their patient and sympathetic natures cation of all children of school age. when touched by Christ become genuine Chris- tian virtues. Their fidelity and endurance, re- This earnest desire on the part of the present vealed in the hundreds who have died rather than rulers to help the submerged of Mexico may help deny their faith, are qualities. which add much to us to understand better some of their acts. In the the building up of stability in the family, church, exchange of notes between our State Department community and national life. Their mysticism at Washington and the Foreign Relations Depart- and contemplativeness have full playas they mediment of Mexico, Secretary Hull called attention to tate on Christ in the night watches. Their social the apparent, if not real, weakening of a sense of nature and spirit of comradeship, when the Spirit moral obligations. One cannot justify a break- of God purifies. and elevates, make the communion down in national honor and a weakening of a of the saints a high privilege. ~ense of national obligations, but one can find perhaps an explanation for some of the things. done Much of the old order is going and the new by the Mexican Government in the passion of the philosophies of life, the economic and social theleaders for the sharing of the masses of the people ories which have all the characteristics of religion in the resources and products of the country. along with nationalism, also elevated to a religious passion, are seeking entrance into Mexico. Many in the Government, from President Cardenas down, have indicated their appreciation of a feeling of obligation to the Protestant cause for what they are doing and have looked upon them Here again lies the peril for Mexico; here again in many cases as allies. We were one day discuss- lies the opportunity for the Evangelical Church.

ing with the Under-Secretary of Education the The Church itself must recapture the vision that rural school system and the plan of the Govern- God in Christ meant the Christian community to ment for the training of rural teachers. Mr. be a fellowship of believers, rooted in God and Saenz said that they could give the intellectual, His divine redemptive order and therefore com- technical and practical training to the teachers, mitted to the service and salvation of the world.

but that when they were sent out to the rural Then going out in His Name the Church must communities to teach, too many of them broke capture for Christ those religious qualities in the morally, adding that here is a great field of serv- Mexican people which make them His joyous and ice for the Protestant Church. consecrated servants.

Frontiers in Home

By the REV. EDWARD DELOR KOHLSTEDT, D.D., Philadelphia Executive Secretary of the Board of Home Missions and Church Extension, Methodist Episcopal Church BASIC backgrounds and ideals are fateful States on April 30, 1789, George Washington was factors in the unfolding life and destiny of visited by a special delegation from the recently men and nations. Material and moral as- organized Methodist Episcopal Church (Baltisets, undergirded by a consciousness of the real- more Christmas Conference, 1784), the first in ity of spiritual values, determine the character the history o.f our country to bestow an official and quality of their economic, civic and social blessing upon the Chief Executive and other adactivities. No nation can hope to endure the tests ministrative officers of America's infant republic. of time without at least three imperatives to per- On October 3, 1789, President George Washingpetuity: an adequate fo.undation of race; a high ton's first national Thanksgiving Day Proclamastandard of private and public morals; and a tion pledged this nation's gratitude and loyalty to spirit of fidelity <to tested and well-established in- God: "It is the duty of all nations to acknowledge stitutions. the providence of Almighty God, to obey His will, to be grateful for His benefits, and humbly to Expanding Frontiers implore His protection and favor." The coin of the realm still bears this suggestive inscription: The geographical growth of the United States 'Tn God we trust." of America constitutes an amazing chapter in the story of nations. Our early American colonies American missionary history stirs the souls of only fringed the Atlantic seaboard. When this those who trace the trails and sense the spirit of New World Republic was launched upon its no- the hardy pioneers. and heroic "circuit riders," table career in 1789, the Mis<sissippi River had patriots and preachers, whose joint services to become its western boundary. Later a sixty-year God and country were so effective during the series of rapidly receding western frontiers es- formative period of our national life. The most tablished the territorial unity o.f the United States substantial achievements which have blessed this between the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans, the Gulf world were conceived in the hearts and fostered of Mexico. and Dominion of Canada. The years by the faith of missionary-minded men and 1867 and 1898, respectively, witnessed the pur- women. We are indebted to their initiative, darchase of Alaska and the voluntary annexation of ing and self-sacrifice for humanity's material, Hawaii. Sho.rtly after, acquisitio.n of the Philip- social and spiritual progress. Challenged by the pines, Puerto Rico, a number of other islands that spirit of adventure, stimulated by the desire to dot the seas, and a permanent lease on the serve, and responsive to an inner spiritual urge, Panama Canal Zone completed the composite area they were able, out of a forbidding wilderness which embraces Uncle Sam's present political hitherto untrod by the feet of white men, to wrest domain. a civilization that was dominated by a Christian Our governmental superstructure rests upon purpose. A dynamic conscience characterized the foundations furnished by organized Christianity. colonization of America. The United States is The first representative assembly in this Western "a nation that was born Christian." Hemisphere was housed in a Christian church at old Jamestown, Virginia, where a monument now Is America Becoming Pagan? marks that historic spot. When the Plymouth What has happened during the century and a colonists were threatened with starvation, the . half of our national life, so startling in its impli- day designated for fasting and prayer was sud- cations that a level-headed leader and seasoned denly transformed into a time of feasting and re- Christian statesman like William Adams Brown joicing, hence Governor William Bradford pro- is prompted to voice the fear that "America is acclaimed the observance of America's first general tually in danger of becoming progressively pa- Thanksgiving Day on February 22, 1631. At his gan"? Constantly changing conditions, shifting first inauguration as President of the United economic and social situations; the influx of mil- [295 ]

lions of people from all parts of the world, with prime importance of personal salvation should not their own continental traditions, prejudices and be content with anything short of collective comracial animosities; the propagation of pagan fort as well as individual security. The spectacle philosophies of life; and the development of crime of absurd extremes between plenty and poverty, cultures of appalling proportions – these all surfeit and starvation in the richest country on threaten the foundations of our governmental earth, is an anomaly which has no place in a prosuperstructure and tax the resources of Chris- fessedly Christian commonwealth. This must be tianity. America's slump in ethical ideals is evi- corrected and its recurrence made impossible or denced by: the unsavory -revelations of our the manhood of tomorrow may curse the present United States Senate Committee hearings, in the generation for its stupidity. Significant trends in field of finance; the subtle trickery of dress-suit the current life of our day challenge the Church racketeers as well as the brazen effrontery of of Christ to arouse itself; to enlarge its vision, machine-gun gangsters; the perversion of public expand its horizon, revamp its program, and reoffice to propaganda methods that clash with the fire the zeal of evangelical Christianity so genuine principles of constructive statesmanship; strangely tempted, during these fateful days, to exploitation of the masses, for the sake of a selfish yield to the spirit of smug complacency and a surplus and the satisfaction of corporate greed; false sense of security. As Dr. H. E. Woolever rancor-breeding racial discriminations, that coun- wisely insists, "The Church of Christ must press tenance economic and social inj ustice. These and her spiritual ideals more effectively to the fore in kindred developments. undermine sacred institu- legislative halls and public life, or the increasing tions, hinder human welfare, and challenge the forces of greed and materialism will smother the Christian constituency of this country with a far economic and social rights of the masses." In more intricate and exacting task than that of our this or any other country, human happiness and pioneer fathers. national welfare can become a full reality only when those entrusted with governmental and so- An unwholesome industrial and social system cial responsibilities. are dominated by spiritual that breeds iniquities and haI1dships; ignores ra- incentives; when our national superstructure is cial discriminations and persecutions; tolerates buttressed by the fundamental doctrines of Chrisslum and dumping-ground residence areas; bar- tianity: the Fatherhood of God; the Saviourhood ters with beer barons and liquor lords for the of Christ; the Brotherhood of Man; the infinite privileges of physical and moral debauchery; value of human life, regardless of racial antecedwinks at broadcasts and cinemas that deliberately ents or backgrounds. distort ideals and magnify the worst features of American life, at home and abroad; and cheapens The Social Creed of the Churches, endorsed by itself by acknowledging the validity of alien di- the Home Missions Council and the Federal Counvorce laws that ridicule the sanctity of marriage cil of the Churches of Christ in America (to which and disrupt home life – these conditions deeply nearly all of our major Christian communions susconcern an awakened national conscience. The tain constituent relationships) embraces the follargest military budget in the history of the lowing clearly defined declarations: United States; crime and relief bills that require many billions to finance; fifty per cent of our (1) Equal rights and justice for all men, in population and a minimum of 15,000,000 of our all stations of life. children and young people under twenty-five years of age unrelated to the Church of Christ so that (2) Family protection by the single standard even a United States Senator voices the plea, of purity, regulation of marriage, and proper "Save the youth of the land or America is lost"- housing. all these stir our souls; indifference or silence on the part of Christian leaders would be treason to (3) Adequate physical and moral safeguards both the Cross and the Flag. for women toilers.

Social and Religious Frontiers (4) An unhampered development opportunity for every child, and the abolition of child labor. The totality of human welfare is Christianity's central concern. In the technical sense, geograph- (5) The right of employees and employers ical frontiers gradually fade from the national alike to organize, adequate means of arbitration scene, but modern home missionary agencies. must and conciliation during industdal disputes. reckon with functional frontiers of even greater urgency. In America, as elsewhere, vast areas (6) Application of Christian principles to the of under-privileged rural and urban life demand acquisition and use of property. conscientious com'l,ideration and action on the part of both Church and State. A passion for the Calvin Coolidge well said: "I do not know of any adequate support for our form of government, except that which comes from religion. The mere sharpening of the wits, the bare training of the intellect, the naked acquisition of science, while they greatly increase the power for good, likewise

NEW FRONTIERS IN HOME MISSIONS

increase the power for eviL Intellectual growth, service calls for a sound sociological basis for unaccompanied by moral and spiritual growth, missionary method and procedure, buttressed by will only add to our confusion." a valid humanitarian as well as genuine evange- Bishop Edwin Holt Hughes of the Methodist listic urge. A composite task requires, a composite Church emphasizes individual and social gospel program.

mutualities, as follows: The major task of Home Missions has always Any contest between the two seems to be a quarrel be- been to meet the demands of expanding geographtween the inner and outer life. Despite its individualistic ical and functional frontiers, with their changing emphases, the Wesleyan movement made most efficient economic and social situations; to aid in the esbeginnings in social reforms that later shone so beauti- tablishment of churches and the maintenance of fully in the expressions of Christian life. Wesley met missionaries; to explore and seek the solution of the standards of his own social gospel, did not dwell in community problems. that have been created by elegance, shared all he had, died poor. While the Church exploitation, poverty, ignorance, intolerance, dishas not usually protested where the main question de- manded economic expertness rather than moral judgment, ease and death. Modern Home Missions must she has spoken with boldness on starvation wages, child reckon with the basic needs of human hearts and labor, the liquor problem, the gambling evil, personal minister to those who, menaced by fOI'ces which purity, divorce, etc. Earnest men who plead that Christ are destructive to all that makes life worth while, is the ruler of the market place, that His spirit and prin- ciples should be applied to industrial life, should not be find their unaided strength unequal to the strugclassified as Soviets, Socialists or Communists. This whole gle for moral and spiritual victory. It is not task of creating a redeemed society calls for both regen- enough to tarry at the foot of the precipice, waiteration and education. ing with stretchers to catch the falling victims of sin and selfishness; Home Missions must major The CUn'ent Challenge Modern social situations in the United States in preventive rather than curative policies and of America, neware:as of activity created by programs in order to lift the whole of life to changing conditions and modified modes of living, loftier levels.

must be met and served by Home Missions with America's Salvation an adequate program adapted to the demands of these times. It is 'a far cry from the comparative Freedom of worship, lawful liberty, equality of simplicity of pioneer life to the confusing com- economic and social opportunity, and the sacredplexities of America's twentieth-century commu- ness of personality were the objectives of the Pilnities; from the program of a missionary move- grim Fathers who laid the foundations of this ment across expanding geographical frontiers, to New WorId Republic. Their ideals were crystalthe intricate and intensive task of providing an lized in the Constitution of the United States of adequate Christian ministry to modern communi- America, the separation of Churoh and State, the ties, threatened by destructive forces and fre- Emancipation Proclamation; they developed a quently abetted by "spiritual wickedness in high sturdy type of character which became the pride places." Home Missions must continue an un- of American citizensbi.p, until the finer sensibilifaltering' commitment to the supreme purpose of ties of our people became blunted by sordid sobringing the constructive and Ufe-enriohing serv- cial, commercial and political ambitions, when ices of the Gospel of Christ, not only to the SQ- license and lawlessness began to displace liberty called under-privileged areas of humanity, but and law. America's material, scientific and social also to any and all rural and urban communities achievements have been phenomenal, unsurpassed which, for whatever reason, would not otherwise by other nations, but her current spiritual situabenefit by them. It is the task of the Home Mis- tion is a cause for grave concern on the part of sion enterprise to serve isolated villages of reli- thoughtful Christian statesmen. Dr. Mark A. giously and socially forgotten men, women and Dawber, Secretary of the Home Missions Council children; to spiritualize sparsely settled rural of America, warns us that regions, pocketed mountain communities, and congested city centers; to brother bilingual Es- When wealth becomes an end in itself; when education kimo, Indian, Latin American, Migrant, Negro, leads to a deification of the intellect; when industry de- velops into a selfish struggle between capital and labor; when statesmen degenerate into petty politicians; and Oriental, and polyglot peoples from every part of when social life takes on the characteristics of the jungle, the planet now resident in and potential citizens the soul of the nation is lost. When lawmakers lose their of this country. The Christian attitude toward, spiritual ideals and sense of God; when the Lord's Day interest in, love for and ministry to these national is commercialized and secularized; when moral standards are lowered and a materialistic order becomes the major and family racial groups who have come here from motive of men, the supremacy of God is ignored and gov- ernment, education, industry and society, as well as relieverywhither, to make this their home, their flag, gion itself are in peril. their country, is bound to determine both the char- acter and the quality of future American citizen- The Christian Church and her Home Missions ship. In order to be effective and fruitful such agencies must save the soul and enrich the inner

life of America. A truly Christian democracy, sis, it is the same historic and heroic warfare according to our most seasoned statesmen, is the against the world, the flesh and the devil. Now, only constructive procedure in society, economics, as then, we wrestle not only with flesh and blood, education and government that ultimately can sur- but with principalities and powers. Home Misvive. America's greatest possible contribution sions faces an exceedingly exacting task in the toward world welfare, hence the most urgent re- new frontiers which now tax the mental, material sponsibility of Home Missions, is a reestablish- and spiritual resources of organized Christianity. ment of America's basic ideals of liberty and law, Shall we join Wycoff of Yale '84, in the following prayer: buttressed by a functioning faith in the God of our Fathers. Experience has demonstrated that Fronting my task, these things I ask: this is best for the physical, moral, social and To be tn.e, this whole day through; spiritual good of mankind. Present problems a.p- To be content with honest work, pear to be new and intricate, owing to the complexities of our modern life but, in the last analy- Fearing only, lest I shirk; To see, and know, and do what's right; To come, unsullied, home at night.

A Roman Catholic Challenges Rome By EULA KENNEDY LONG FROM earliest days until now, ignorance of the people to read the Bible. The accusation is not Bible has been widespread and notorious in correct, stated thus bluntly. We do not prohibit Brazil. the reading of the Bible (the Catholic version, be It was only a few months ago that a stu- it understood); but its almost general neglect, dent in Brazil said to a missionary who had given and the little attention given to teaching Catholics him a Bible : "You do not know how grateful I the supreme beauties of Divine Revelation, are am for this. All my life I have wanted a copy of practically equivalent to prohibition. . . . How the Bible; but this is the first time I have seen or can Catholic Action prosper when Catholics do not touched one." Missionaries could tell of having know the soul of the movement; when Jesus consearched the bookstores in some large cities of tinues ignored or unknown-the unknown God of Brazil, without finding one copy of the Bible for whom Paul preached to the Athenians?" sale – unless, perchance, there might be one or two of ancient pulpit Hize, .offered at the prohibi- It is a cause for rejoicing that concern is felt tive price of the salary of a workman for one over such a situation. Then came the good news month. -welcome to all sincere Christians, whether Roman Catholics or Protestants – that Father The Roman Catholic Church, which has been Rohden had completed a remarkably fine transladominant in Brazil for four hundred years, has tion of the New Testament, issued under ecclemade no practical attempt to provide the Scrip- siastical Imprimatur. It is a mere coincidence, tures or any portions for the people and many perhaps, but one is struck by the fact that this priests have forbidden the reading of what it calls new launching of God's Word, under Church the "Protestant" Bible, on the grounds that it is sanction, came in the same year that the Englishheretical. This is in spite of the fact that transla- speaking peoples celebrated the fourth centenary tions have been made by their own priests. of the transJation of the Bible into the language of the English people. Over a year ago, Evangelical (Protestant) church papers reprinted, with unfeigned joy, an The significance of this translation by a Roman editorial by a Roman Catholic priest, in which he Catholic priest cannot be overestimated when one voiced deep concern about this widespread igno- remembers that Brazil is a great Roman Catholic rance of God's Word. After relating experiences country, and the nation of greatest size, populain three hundred cities of BrazH, Father Hum- tion and potentialities in South America. The berto Rohden wrote: value of the achievement will be practically lost, however, if Father Rohden's New Testament is "Everywhere I found a profound and shameful not printed in a popular edition, put on sale at ignorance of the Divine ReveJ.ation. . . . It has secular bookstores, and its careful reading inreached such an extreme among us that Biblical sistently recommended by the priests. and Protestant are considered synonymous. . . . Ignorance of the sacred text is an open door to Will Rome accept the challenge of one of her the most horrible religious fetishism, to the detest- own priests? If so, then Father Rohden's work able superstition that exists among our people. of love and courage will prove to be, as he says, . . . The Protestants. accuse us of forbidding the "the breath of a promising spiritual springtime."

American Indians Are Doing

Evangelize Their Own People By G. E. E. LINDQUIST, Lawrence, Kansas I ~.- I Missionary-at-Large to the North American Indians ~==============================~t "EVERY race in the end must be elevated by These are only a few of th0'se wh0' have labored its own educated leadership," said a wise to bring the Gospel to their own people, either by leader 0'f his people. He would have been means of the translated word or as interpreters of the Message. They have all entered into their wiser had he said "Christian leadership," for in reward but their g00'd deeds follow them. Much the final analysis any elevation worthy of the of the work of Indian evangelization today is carname must be inspired and permeated by the ried on by native leaders. This does not mean Christian motive. The Indian race is no exception to this dictum. Historically, the most successful that the number of Indian pastors. and evangelists missions are those in which Indians have actively exceeds that of white missionaries, but when we participated in the evangelizati0'n of their own include interpreters, catechists, helpers and lay people. This is true in both Americas, north· as Indian leaders, young and old-in Sunday schools, well as south of the Rio Grande. women's societies, young people's organizations, such as Christian Endeav0'r, B. Y. P. U., Epworth As the North American tribes pass in review, League, Y. M. and Y. W. C. A., St. Andrew's certain notable names are associated with them, Brotherhood, Girls' Friendly Society, D. V. B. S., not as warriors and statesmen only but rather as evangels 0'f the Cross of Christ, messengers of the etc.-the total figure is impressive. G00'd News to those "sitting in darkness and the True, there are Indian communities today, an shadow of death." increasing number of them, where English is One calls to mind among the Cherokees, for ex- practically the only language spoken, whether on ample, such a spiritual leader in the person of the street, shop, school or church. Here the na- Elias B0'udinot, associated with Samuel A. Wor- tive tongue is used only 0'n special occasions when cester in translating the Scriptures and numerous old people are present, for example, at a tribal hymns, still used by present-day tribesmen; council or a funeral. On a recent field trip the Frank H. Wright, Choctaw evangelist and singer, writer visited the Yumas where this holds true. whose ministry was by no means limited to his However, among the neighboring Cocopahs, who own people; Joseph Islands, apostle to the Creeks; drifted across the border from Mexico several Frank Mt. Pleasant, for over forty years among decades ago, the white missionary must still use his own Tuscaroras ; James Hayes, a prophetic an interpreter at all services. To the north, voice among the Nez Perces, pr0'bably the first am0'ng the Mojaves, there is a native pastor min- Indian of the N0'rthwest to be hon0'red by the istering to his own people both at Needles, Cali- Doctor of Divinity degree; Artemas Ehnamani, fornia, and at Parker, Arizona. In a maj ority first native pastor to the Sioux, with the third of services English is the accepted medium of generation in his line serving at present; Charles expression although the pastor is a member of the Wright and Mark Hart among the 0hippewas, tribe and uses his mother tongue freely. who received much of their early training under One should not, however, draw the conclusion Bishop Whipple; Philip Deloria among the Da- that the work of Indian evangelization is no longer kotas, a disciple of the beloved Bishop Hare; dependent on the translated Word. Great has Isaac McCoy, a name-sake of the great Baptist been the contribution of those who have devoted missionary; Lucius Aitsan among the Kiowas, years of lab0'r in translating the Christian Scripa c0'nvert under Isabelle Crawford's ministry to tures into Indian languages. The story of the the blanket Indians in western Oklahoma; Horace Cherokee Bible, using Sequoyah's famous alpha- Williams among the Pima, who received his in- bet, reads like a romance; S0' also that of the spiration for evangelizing from Charles H. Cook, Sioux (Dakota) and the Chippewa (Ojibway).

pioneer missionary to the Southwest; Sherman Who can read of Dr. Rudolphe Petter's painstak- Coolidge, an Arapahoe, who also ministered to ing eff0'rts in making the Bible available to the other needy tribes. Cheyennes without unbounded admiration. In [299 ]

addition to these, the Scriptures, either in whole faith. One of the high spots of the church year or in part, may be found in the following: Choc- are the evangelistic services, usually held in J antaw, Muskokee (Creek), Shawnee, Arapahoe, uary and conducted by the deacons, more often Winnebago, Nez Perces, Seneca, Delaware, Tewa than not in the homes, but sometimes in the (Pueblo), and is some of the Canadian Indian church. The neighboring Tuscaroras as well as languages, such as the Cree, Miconac, Tinne and the Tonawandas frequently join in these meet- Maliseet. More recently some books of the Bible ings. It is the testimony of the leaders that the have been put into print in the Navajo tongue, church work receives a spiritual lift from these as well as in the Hopi and Apache. services which is felt throughout the entire year.

The Navajoes Among the Chippewas, especially those in Mich- igan, the annual camp meetings are looked for- Since the Navajoes constitute the largest tribe ward to as the big event of the year. Whether numerically in the United States and since these the camp meeting, as conducted by these people, people have often been referred to as "the last is an outgrowth of the old Indian councils which stronghold of paganism" it is reasonable to sup- were called by the chiefs, or whether they hark pose that the translated Word will have an im- back to early day Methodism, is a mooted question. portant place in their evangelization for years to The point to be noted here is that the Indians feel come. But what is of even g.reater importance instinctively that they are indigenous and belong to the Navajo is the development of an indigenous to them. Ever since the days of Rev. Peter church, under Indian leaders. Twenty years ago, Marksman (the name of Marksman is. writ large following a field survey, the writer urged that "at in the missionary history of the Chippewas), every mission station a small group of promising brought into the Christian life by Rev. John Clark native leaders should be trained for missionary of the Oneida Mission some time about 1840, the service in the future." Wherever these conditions Ojibway Camp Meetings. have been largely conhave been met certain encouraging results in the ducted by native Christians in which their own work of evangelization have followed. But alas, hymns and Scriptures loom large. The writer has after fifty years of missionary effort among these often heard the Indian preachers exhorting their people, one can count on the fingers of one hand people, sometimes far into the night. When the the number of full-time Indian Christian leaders. sinners and backsliders come to the front, the ex- hortation gives way to united prayer on the part The Hopis, a sedentary and agricultural people, of the faithful who are on their knees.. When the who unfortunately are widely advertised because penitent has "come through" there is exuberant of their annual snake dances now rapidly becom- singing as they rise to their feet in glad acclaim. ing commercialized, have had (until the recent One of the exhorters who has recently gone to passing of Pliny Adams) three native workers- his reward, J,ames Keshick, rarely missed a camp at Polacca, Toreva and Moencopi. Only those who meeting; he also served as local preacher at Hanhave first-hand knowledge of how the minds of nahville community for many years. these people "have been shackled by pantheism and idolatry," and how "within our own day men The Oklahoma Indians have lived and died in Hopiland without knowing that there is a redeeming Christ"-only those can Oklahoma Indians, especially the so-called understand what the lone workers must face as blanket tribes, still observe annual camp meetthey seek to bring the Gospel of the Cross to their ings, generally held in August or September, with fellow tribesmen. duly appointed committees in charge and careful preparations. made, sometimes months in advance The Senecas and Cherokees in order that such necessary items as food, equip- ment and shelter may be in readiness. A large On a recent trip to the Tonawanda Senecas in meeting tent, capable of holding hundreds of wor- New York the writer renewed acquaintance with shipers, is provided. Formerly a maj ority of the Peter Doctor, an Indian elder who for nearly attendants sat on the ground or on a piece of cantwenty-five years has kept the fires going in the vas spread for the occasion. Now practically all little Presbyterian Church, situated in the heart prefer camp chairs or benches, some of the nonof the pagan district, in the hope of evangelizing Christians choosing the cushioned seats from that element. During all these years he has near-by automobiles. Often as many as five or preached the Gospel faithfully and has made pro- six tribes gather for this annual event and a colorhibition speeches around the country. He is still ful assembly and picturesque congregation prewaiting for the Presbytery to appoint a successor sents itself. Beginning with a sunrise prayer to the late Mr. Tripp. meeting, called by the camp-crier, these people are rarely satisfied with less than four services a On the near-by Cattaraugus Reservation, Rev. day. They believe in and practice prayer, song David o,wl, a. Cherokee, has for twelve years led the Seneca people into the truths of the Christian

£9391 WHAT AMERICAN INDIANS ARE

and testimony. The climax comes when after the nual camp meetings and evangelistic s'ervices at exhortation by Indian leaders – in the old days Talmaks, Idaho, usually around Independence Nahwats, Poafpybitty, Saneco and Wautan-at Day, under the aegis of such native leaders as present by such younger recruits as George Hunt, Mark Arthurf James Dickson, Joseph Cook and Robert Chaat, White Parker, James Ottipoby and Harry Moffett. Robert Atchavit, when "the net is cast" and the converts and backsliders are brought in. The In the old Indian Territory (now east~rn Okla:.- elos.ing Sunday often witnesses baptisms, restora- homa) where dwell the Five Civilized Tribes, one tions and new members added to the church rolls. naturally expects. to find Indian workers dedi- cated to the cause of evangelization of their own Among the Sioux there are annual convocations people. Notable names are connected with their and mis8ion meetings. The latter, knolWn as past missionary history, but not all are written in l?taya Owohdake, have been held each autumn the past tense. Such institutions as. Bacone Colsince 1874 by the Congregational and Presby- lege, Dwight, Old Goodland, Oklahoma Presbyterian Indian churches of which there are 24 and terian College, Oklahoma Baptist Univ~r:rity a:.nd 30, respectively. They are manned by Indian the American Indian Institute have all had a part pastors, and the states of Nebraska, North and in preparing and sending forth many of the preS'- South Dakota and Montana are represented. ent generation of Christian leaders, lay and cler- While these do not have the distinctive revival ical. Among the Cherokees the list includes such emphasis of the usual camp meeting, they consti- preachers as Richard Glory, John Acorn and Jim tute a very significant link in the work of evan- Pickup, with Aaron Hancock, Johnson Bobb, gelization among the Dakotas. Here,' among Oscar Gardner and Grady James among the other items, may be heard thrilling reports from Choctaws; Sam Hawkins and Mose Wesley with the "Wotanin Waste," the Indian women's mis- the Chickasaws and Ben Haikey, John Smith and sionary societies, recounting their efforts to raise William King among the Creeks and Seminoles. funds to send the Gospel to needy groups. Here The last-mentioned, together with his wife, has such present-day leaders. as Truby Iron Mocassin, carried on work among the Florida Seminoles Thomas Blueyes, Clayton Hold, Philip Frazier, near Lake Okeechobee for a number of years, the Homer Redlightning, George Firecloud and Wal- support of which comes from the Muskogee-Creek lace Runningeagle sound the Gospel trumpet. Baptist Indian Association.

The Dakotas and Chippewas While the primary objective of all Indian mis- sionary work is to make known Christ and His In the Protestant Episcopal groups. the annual Gospel, to do this most effectively the ultimate meetings are called convocations. Last year the 67th annual gathering was held at Pine Ridge aim is to develop alid use Indian leadership. A Agency, South Dakota. A missionary who was trusted missionary of long experience once said, present writes: "The Dakotas crowded the separate meetings for men, women and young people "The constant testimony of the Indian preacher and demonstrated the depth of their religion with to Christian teaching and Christian things, just their interest and seriousness of purpose. Each group, from our grasshopper and drought-stricken because it is from an Indian, is worth more than prairies, came with larger gifts. of money for the any amount of preaching from a white man." promotion of Christ's work than they had brought Other things being equal, the white missionary the year before. Everywhere the keynote of the should work. himself out of a job. He must not convocation 'Forward with Christ and my hesitate to give responsibility to those most im- Brother' was sounded." Here the Indian clergy, mediately concerned, the Indians themselves, derepresented by such trusted leaders as Paul spite possible mistakes and failures. He must be Chekpa, Vine Deloria, Dallas Shaw and the Rouil- willing to trust God with the souls of people, lard brothers, voice the preeminent thoughts and whether they be clothed with red skins or not. aspirations of the assembled hundreds in worship, as expressed in faith in God, love for their fellow :. In the above somewhafcursory review it must men and courage for the future. be kept in mind that Indian participation is still somewhat sporadic and far from. being sufficient The Minnesota Chippewas also stress such an- or satisfactory. Great pressure is being brought nual gatherings as the summer convocation when to bear on Indian youth to enter other secular practically every locality and mission station is callings, especially from Governmental agencies represented, Rev. W. K. Boyle, archdeacon and and notably so in recent years. Progress in raisnative leader, being the forceful present-day ing up qualified Indian Christian leaders will conleader. On the Pacific Coast Region of the North- tinue to be slow unless missionaries with greater west the Nez Perces, Umatillas, Makahs, Spokanes earnestness continue to recruit, train and release and the Shoshones have for years conducted an- an increasingly large number of Indian workers for the evangelization of their own people. (See Frontispiece.)

Days in

By ELLEN H. BERGREN, Kermit Mission, Cassard, Virginia .nA .FTER completing my course in the Moody The meetings were well attended, but the peo- Bible Institute, and spending two years in ple did not seem to feel their need of salvation. Albany as pastor's assistant, I learned of The thought of "furrin" folks coming with new the great need in the mountains of the South and methods was something strange. To the moun- offered myself for service there. My best expecta- taineers preaching consisted in the loud singsong tion for a future home in the Appalachian Moun- exhortation of the so-called "Hard Shell" mountains was possibly a log hut, or a dug-out. I knew tain preacher. And women! They had never that I was apt to find myself in a place where star- heard of such a thing as women taking part in a vation and violence would be my lot. After much meeting. By way of introduction we visited every struggle I finally arrived in Bristol, Tennessee. home and gathered the children for a summer school. Rich indeed were the experiences encoun- I asked for a needy field, no matter how hard. tered. We spoke to the parents about sending In a few days, Rev. J. H. Little of Bristol took their children but one grandmother let us know his daughter, a singer, and myself to Appalachia, in no uncertain terms that she was not going to Virginia. On the way, near Big Stone Gap three let her grandson be injured by "book larnin." miles from Appalachia, the conductor aroused a Her only son was in the penitentiary at Richmond, drunken man whose destination was Big Stone and "If he had never known how to write enough Gap with the words, to forge a check," she said, he would be at home right now helping her. She was going to see that "Wake up! Where are you going?" his son escaped such a calamity.

"I'm going to hell," the man drawled out. Is it any wonder that ignorance prevailed, when "Well," said the conductor, "pay me ten cents ~he "Hard Shell" preachers fight it? One man more and get off at Appalachia." used this argument against learning: Mr. Little turned to me and said, "Is that "We'll say, here are two barrels; one is empty tough enough to suit you?" Such was my first and the other is jammed full of books. When the introduction to my new home! Lord wants to get in one of them barrels, and I axe you which one can He get into." During the following ten days, while Mr. Little held meetings, Miss Little and I did personal work The people will see the impossibility of the Lord in a little church, built by a former Christian getting into a heart that is full of learning. Sunsuperintendent in a near-by mine. After his death day schools seem to them a thing of Satan, and to the services were discontinued and the House of be preached against at every turn. It is a wonder God became a loafing place and gambling joint. that we had as many children in our Sunday The floor was carpeted with torn-up cards and schools those early days, as well as older ones who the windows were broken. flocked to our meetings.

First we gave this place a good scrubbing, many Many of the Primitive Baptists, or "Soft children and young folks helping to carry water, Shells," declare that they are not opposed to Sunsweep down cobwebs, and clean the few panes of day schools, but one of them remarked: "The glass remaining in the windows. Mr. and Miss Little and I had rooms in, the primitive hotel, young uns might just as well be in Sunday school which was kept by my future benefactors, the as in any other deviltry." The difference in Hales. In the lobby was a wooden sink, with a "Hard" and "Soft Shells" (or Primitives) is that bucket and dipper, for drinking and washing pur- the "Hard Shells" believe that only the "elect" are poses. Miss Little and I washed there, and, as saved, and God will see to them without any interthe roller towel had been much used, we used our ference from preachers. The sinner who is not handkerchiefs to wipe our hands. Mr. -Little face- "elect" cannot be saved, so that the preachers tiously remarked, "Well, ladies; hundreds have have no message for them. The Primitives believe wiped their hands on this towel and you are the that salvation is for all who will accept. Many fir,st ones to complain." have real revivals where people are saved. The [302 ]

• PIONEERING DAYS IN APPALACHIA

"Hard Shells" class believe in dreams and visions, mons arid others who do not believe in the Word as giving their call to the ministry of which many of God. They fear any deviation from the simple ludicrous instances are told. One preacher tells life. In some parts of the mountains are stretches how he heard three distinct "calls from heaven" of country sparsely settled, where there are no when he was going home from a meeting. He churches or schools. In one isolated section located the very place where each call was heard, lived an old woman who had been to church but with the words repeated three times: once as a child, and had not heard-or at least did "Lige, you go and preach the Gospel." not remember that she ever heard the Gospel Three young pranksters still laugh at their story. This woman told the missionary that she climbing up trees and calling out the "heavenly had not seen a preacher for thirty years. She had a Bible once, but lost it when she moved to Trou- blesome Bend. She could not read, but the book had been good to put under the pmow in sickness.

She wi,shed she had another. The missionary told her the story of the Lord Jesus, and when he came to His suffering and death, tears came to her eyes and she s,aid, "I reckon 'tain't true-let's hope it ain't."

When he finished with the resurrection story and the Great Commission to His disciples this darkened soul believed and walked miles to her scattered neighbors to tell them the story. She said: "How could I know all this and keep still?"

MISS BERGREN (at left) AND FELLOW-WORKERS When the missionary returned to Troublesome TWENTY YEARS AGO Bend, she had gone to be with her Lord but her command" to the future prophet as he passed faithful witnessing had turned many to the Lord.

their hiding places. Noone ever informed him Alone in Appalachia as to the truth. After one month of school, Miss Little returned These preachers are not required to know how home. We had about twenty children who wanted the school to continue, but a county school was to to read, or how to preach. Their belief is that the begin August 1st, so I decided to give my time to Lord will tell them what He wants them to speak. One of them remarked to a preacher who p~e­ pared his sermons, "Now brother, you are wrong preparing your text; the devil will look over your shoulder and read it too, and then go to your con- gregation and lock their hearts agin it; so it does them no good. When I preach, neither me nor the devil knows what I am going to say."

This ignorance still prevails in this class of preachers, who believe that a little whiskey helps them to preach with "spirit" and power, but there are, thank God, many true servants of Christ in the mountains, who are preaching the Word, so that many are saved under their ministry. There are also many true men of prayer among these people. One who prayed that God would remove A MINING CAMP IN THE APPALACHIANS a still from his neighborhood, and that very night a cloudburst drove a mighty wave against it and visiting and meetings. The old church had a bell, tore it down. God has not left the beautiful and I announced a meeting for each afternoon.

Southern mountains without His witness, even Night services were only possible when people though its ministers present the Gospel in ways brought lamps or lanterns. I invited the women peculiar to those who are accustomed to decorum out for afternoons and rang that bell, whose jerky in the House of God. tongue seemed to say, "Come and hear me talk!

The mountain people readily recognize a Come and hear me talk!" The women came, and preacher with wrong doctrine. A "no hell" professed conversion. Alas, they were only my preacher will not be received in any church, if converts, but I did personal work with the zeal of they know him as such; nor will they admit Mor- a Moody Institute student. When the newness of

my meetingS! had WQrn .off, the women lost their the Lord sent tWD yellQw dogs who drDve away the pigs and were fine protectors against other curiosity and the attendance waned. intruders.

One day, I noticed a woman whQ hardly took When my first helper came she remarked, when she was ushered into my first home in the mounher eyes .off me during the meeting. But after- tains: "Oh, how lovely! I thought you lived in a shack, and here is a chapel with four large winwards when I asked if she would accept the LDrd dows and a glass door."

as her Saviour, she shook her head and said, Miss Church was very happy with me, and a truer friend and helper I could nDt ask. This "No, but I want the pattern of that thar dress chapel, seating fifty persons, was often packed to .overflowing. Many ministers came here to preach you got on." . and true conversions were witnessed in this room. I learned a great lesson-not to try to force any- Only the Lord knows the many mistakes I made one to be saved, but to let the Spirit .of God work. Many of the children professed to accept the Lord during thDse early days. As there was nD .organ, as .their persQnal Saviour and even the smaller ones took part in .our early morning devotions by I used a guitar as accompaniment t.o .our singing. praying and testifying. Only the older children could read, and very few had books, so teaching I know now that it was a hindrance, as guitars, was a problem. Our "reader" was the New Tes- tament. It was a time of rich reward to see the banjos and fiddles were considered Satan's tools, development of their minds. Bible stories were part .of their daily lessons. As I told the story, being used by Negroes fQr dances. Never had they were to tell what lesson they could get from it for themselves. One girl, in telling the story of they heard of hymns being played on either. When Jacob and Rachel, said, "This lesson teaches us to always ask the Lord for sweethearts." my organ came, it was a wonder t.o all and the The following story of the loaves and fishes is guitar was not used for years. as it was retold by a boy: After I had been in Appalachia about three ~'One day a little boy went fishing and his mother had put up a little lunch for him. He saw m.onths, Mrs. Charles Hale was sent home from a a big crDwd on the hillside and he heard Jesus speak. After a while, Jesus asked if they had anytuberculosis sanitarium to die, and her husband thing to eat, but they hadn't. So the little boy brought his little lunch to Jesus. Jesus looked at asked me to come and care for her and their little it and said, 'There is mighty little .of it, but I will use it.' He broke the bread and little fishes, and ones. I could not believe that she had tuberculosis there was plenty for all. This lesson teaches that, if we give what we have to Jesus, He will let it but she said, feed many thousand." "Yes, I have it; I am g.oing to die and I want The st.ory of the triumphal entry was quaintly to be with my children to the end." written: "One day Jesus came from heaven to Jerusalem, on a borrowed mule, to be king. The I began to pray that God would reward this people didn't like Him, but the children did for they put flQwers on the rQad for the mule to walk family with the life of the m.other and as I nursed on, and sang a pretty song to Jesus. The other people got mad and said, 'Did yQU hear that?' her and cared for the little girls, I saw strength 'Yes.' 'Well, make them stop that noise.' 'No, I wDn't. If they would hush, the stones would return. God lengthened her life until her children holler.' This teaches us that we .shDuld sing, no matter who gets mad." were grown, when she died .of sunstroke. The story of the flood was told as follows: As I needed all the time for my work, I rented "God made Noah make a big boat to hold all the animals and people, but only eight people were an old storehDuse, and the .owners dug in the saved. The .others drowned because they would nDt listen, as the animals did. This teaches that mountainside eight feet for a living rODm which we should listen to good people always."

he divided intD a tiny kitchen and bedroDm. I fDund a brDken stove with .one leg, and supplied bricks for the others. The bedrDom had a cot, some chairs and a small table. Noone could feel richer than I, and nD one eQuId be happier. Little by little the walls .of my hDme were covered with pretty wallpa.per and the flDor with mDuntain rugs. My tiny kitchen acquired a small sink and table combined. The seats in the chapel were a combinatiDn of benches and school desks, and made so that a bDard at the back .of each seat cDuld be raised, forming a long table fQr school pur- poses. I had tWD large closed-in benches with immense drawers, wherein to bestow my go.ods, clothing and other things which came from friends of the work and which were sent fDr the pODrer people and the children, as well as for myself- things both to eat and to wear.

As the public school .only lasted three months, the need .of schooling was ,sad. This little chapel stood upon a hillside, the front being high above the road, while my floor in the dUgDut was on the ground. As cold weather came .on, the pigs came from the village and slept under the chapel.

Their noise and stench could nDt be endured, so

PIONEERING DAYS IN APPALACHIA

At the end of the six months, I offered a reward mmmg companies had built churches. In one for the most Bible stories they could repeat. One camp, one mile from Appalachia, we started a girl handed in forty from the Old and New Tes- Sunday school in an unfinished house and the first taments. year I had services in three places – Imboden, Preacher Creek, and Appalachia, making a walk Reciting verses was first on the program every of six miles every Sunday. morning. In six months the older children memorized fourteen chapters of the Bible and fifteen After two years, I thought that some people in Psalms, beside a verse each morning' at roll-call. Appalachia could carryon the Sunday school with I have the privilege now of teaching their children the help of preachers, so I decided to move to a in the Appalachia Daily Vacation Bible School; near-by community within walking distance, and in some cases, I have their grandchildren. open a school. I moved to what is now Andover, During the first year I was entirely alone and MY FIRST EASTER IN APPALACHIA it was a year rich in experiences. The customs were new and strange, but when one becomes rented a house and taught classes that met in the used to them, they no longer seem so quaint. In largest room. It was rather crowded, with thirty calling one day on an old lady, she asked first of children, but with the help of Miss Church, we all where I was from. got along by letting the children recite in the din- ing room. These dear children were religiously "Albany, N. Y.," I answered. inclined, and it was not long till all with two ex- "That's a right smart piece, ain't it? Come by ceptions, accepted the Lord. One morning, after train ?" our usual song and Bible period, I asked (feeling "Yes." a strong working of the Spirit) : "How old are you?" I gave some answer. "Children, shall we take up our arithmetic?" "Well, have you store teeth?" "No ma'am," all answered. "No." "Well, what shall we do then?" "Make your own dress?" "Let us pray," was the almost unanimous re- "No." sponse. "How much did it cost. Are you married?" Then those dear children began to pray for a "No." revival, which shortly came. God sent His true "Never been married?" servant, a rather unique old man, Mr. Bassett, "No." "Got any children?" "N0, I am not married." "Well, too bad, but you can be yet, I reckon. You are not so old looking." I asked if she was a Christian. "Law yes, honey, I was baptized a right smart while ago."

Then she asked me about my religious faith, and said she heard someone say I belonged to the Roman Catholics. When I denied this, she seemed to draw the conclusion that I belonged to some other strange cult. But when I told her that I believed the Bible from cover to cover, this seemed to satisfy her. Later, we became fast friendsa friendship which lasted until her death.

The first weeks in Appalachia will never be forgotten. Every Saturday night there were shootings or stabbings, and for several Saturday nights in succession someone was killed. A man was shot one Sunday morning while we were having Sunday school, and someone called out, "Silas is killed." Everyone in the church ran out, leaving me entirely alone.

The surrounding mining camps were much upon my heart as few had any Sunday school or religious service of any kind. Within a radius of ten miles there were only three camps in which the

who went wherever God sent him. During that with me. Her mother gave me daily the choicest milk, called "strippings," and when I told her not meeting, every home was touched, and I have yet to, she said, "The children like the plain milk without the cream, and since I give you milk and to see a place so stirred, in answer to the chil- butter, we never have to hunt our cow-she al- ways comes home." Cow-hunting was the most dren's prayers. . hopeless task we could imagine. All the mountains around us were pastures, and no one knew which From Andover, I moved to Blackwood, a mining way a cow would roam. I don't wonder that the Holy Spirit recorded Saul's mules lost and found, camp six miles away. By this time, three other as it was really a daily miracle to me that the children found the cows. Some cows would reworkers had come and they stayed at Andover spond to the call, "Sook, heifer," but many would not stir. until I could leave Blackwood in the hands of Miss In those early days, an amusing incident oc- Jennie Henry. Workers were also located at other curred in the mining camp where Miss McPhee- ters worked. She was a teacher who assisted mining camps-Stonega, Osaka, Roda, West Nor- (unremunerated) the public school teacher. While I was visiting her one day, a young minister asked ton, Sutherhind, Roaring Fork, Pardee, Inman, us to be witnesses to a marriage ceremony. The young man came in with a red bandana tied Imboden and Upper Imboden. As the camps around his neck, and on his head a hat which did not fit. The bride, who had not thought much opened for us, we had students come from Nyack about a wedding outfit, was a shy girl about eight- een or twenty. The minister plaeed a chair in Institute and Moody Bible Institute, until we have front of him in place of a marriage stool, and the groom thought this an invitation to sit down. had over one hundred workers at different times. When asked if he wanted a ring ceremony, the young man was at a loss and, turning to a boy Some were there only during vacation but others with him who wore a large gaudy ring, said, "Here, Sam, loan me your ring for a minute. I'll remained longer, and some are still in Virginia, give it right back."

though not in the camps. Miss Collins has lived When the minister asked: "John, will you take this woman to be your wedded wife?" he answered in one camp, Roda, for more than thirty years. lustily, "You bet." The minister turned to the After Miss Henry came to Blackwood I returned bride with a similar question but she could not speak, and said, "Uh huh." to Appalachia, where a new mission was being After the ceremony was over, the groom caught built. We moved into the unfinished rooms and hold of his wife's hand and started for the door when the boy with the ring said, "pay the different preachers came to hold services in the preacher." The groom turned and asked, "How much do you charge?" When told that he could chapel, part of which was completed. give what he wished, according to how much he thought of his wife, the groom smiled and said, It would read like a fairy tale, should I tell of "I sure do think a heap of her. Here is a quarter" -with the air of a millionaire. the many evidences of the Lord's care. Friends As time passed, our number of workers grew sent things to us, so that we never really lacked, until several camps were occupied and this work was called "The Appalachia Mining Camp Misthough at times our faith was tested. sion." We had no demands for reports which, personally, I had found superficial in my former While living in Preacher Creek, Miss Church work. But at our monthly workers' meetings, a secretary wrote down testimonies as to how the had typhoid fever, and the friends there were un- Lord had led and blessed – each one – also the trials and failures. These records are kept as retiring in their assistance. We seldom had to cook minders of God's faithfulness.

a meal, as everything was sent in already cooked. An Archdeacon of the Episcopal Church in Big Stone Gap, Dr. Lloyd, a fine Christian and a Our workers took turns in helping to nurse her, and it taxed everyone's strength, as she was bed- fast seventy-two days. It proved to us the un- tiring devotion of workers and people.

Preacher Creek was, in someways, different from the other places where I have lived. The revival there touched every home and made us all seem like a large loving family. All came to church and there seemed to be no division among the peo- pIe-all lived in harmony and love. Three orphan children came to live in my home. One little darling girl, Milford, would often beg me to adopt her, though she scarcely knew the meaning of the word.

"Why Milford," I would say, "your father and mother could not do without you."

"Oh, yes," she said, "they have Gertrude, and Maggie, and Edith, and two dead. They have enough."

"Well," I replied, "you have two dead you say, so you can't be ,spared."

"Oh," she said, "they were little boys. Mama never had much luck with boys."

She lived with me a long while and the dear memory lingers. She is now mother of a large family, to whom she tells about the time she lived

PIONEERING DAYS IN APPALACHIA

true missionary, invited our band of workers to monthly for conference and prayer so that we his home. He had a wonderful ancestry of for- often had thirty at our table for two days as they eign missionaries, and his son was a missionary could not return the same day on our little interin Japan. He assisted us in every way that he state train. These were times of rich blessings could. He had· already begun to place Episcopal and refreshment. deaconesses in a few needy places, but when he saw that the church dress was a hindrance, he The reports, which are very rich in experiences, show how wonderfully the Lord fulfils His prom- THE ~'IRST SUNDAY SCHOOL AT KERMIT ises. Some testimonies were quaint and mirthful, showing the crude initiation into the strange ways urged them to use ordinary clothing, which he did of camp life. Some workers learned quickly the also, except in his own church. .In this way he ways of our people but even at that there were won the love and esteem of all. some misunderstandings and mistakes.

Dr. and Mrs. Lloyd gave us a delightful time of Once I was asked to take a little girl eight years fellowship. When he asked me how we were sup- old. I went up to Roda Camp to see her and deported, I told him that I asked of each mine su- cided to adopt this little darling and gave her my perintendent for a rent-free house, electric lights mother's name, Elsa. After six months another and coal, but for salary the workers trusted the little g~rl was added to our family. She was one Lord, who always supplied our needs in wonder- of our Sunday school scholars, and after the ful ways. "How can you maintain love and har- funeral of her step-mother, the motherless little mony among them all on this basis?" he asked. one, Olive, ran up to the Mission and her father It never had occurred to me to look for trouble finally gave her to me. Two years later, I also ,along this line and I said, "Why, the ones who adopted her little sister so that my home was come here are willing to put up with some diffi- blessed with three little girls. They were dearly culties as their invitation to the work includes loved by all our workers. All three grew to sweet hardships, poverty, dirt, misunderstandings, and womanhood, and married.. It pays to invest in the winning of souls. In not one case has the chidren, and if my health ,allowed, I would gladly applicant been discouraged." open my home for more of God's little ones.

In all the years the Mining Camp Mission One day in school, the children were told to existed, there was little trouble among the work- write the full names of their parents. Little Olive ers. Of course, at times there were disagree- wrote, "My mama's name is Miss Ellen Bergren, ments, but our workers were most untiring and and my papa's name is Mr. James Skidmore." It never once was a reprimand necessary for neglect never occurred to her that anything could be of duty; instead, necessary lines were drawn to wrong with it. The teacher, who was also one of prevent their overdoing. our Sunday school teachers, handed me the slip laughing. Nursing was necessary and many nights were spent by sick beds. There is a mountain custom, Another time, during presidential election, all whenever anyone dies, for neighbors to sit up the children were having a mock election. When with the dead all night; in some cases they sing Olive's name was not among them, she was asked hymns. One of the few laws enforced was that, when tired out with the living, the workers must THE KERMIT CHURCH AND "PARSONAGE" let the people of the place "wake" with the dead. why she did not vote. "Well," she said, "I am As new mining camps opened for workers, our what mama is." family increased until fourteen camps were manned. From these our workers gathered "Well, what is that?" "I can't spell it but she is a perditionist (mean- ing prohibitionist)." The other children thought that must be all right if Olive's mother was that. A child asked Elsa one day where her father

was. She answered that she did not need any A little later a little boy was brought to the father. Mission. Next day he came down with the measles, and Nancy caught them too. Everything in the "Well," insisted the child, "who gets the 'vittles' Mission was new and strange to' Louis. He had for you?" never heard the name of Jesus except in swearing, and our Mission was like a new world to him. The "Oh," said Elsa, "we just pray and God sends little girls were his teachers, and we could often us all we need. We don't need any daddy." hear them say, "Louis, you must not say that, it isn't nice," or "Louis, Mama don't let anybody As this was a new way of support to this child, talk like that here." He learned the stO'ries in the she wanted to know more about it. So Elsa, hav- children's Bible and the little missionaries truly ing witnessed the almost numberless answers to began in virgin soil. Louis loved to sing and prayers both for food and clothing, spread the learned quickly. Like Faith, he used his own truth among her schoolmates about a life of de- words and tunes, and as he sat in a swing on the pendence on God. porch he would sing with all his might: There was nothing too hard for these children, Jesus is good, He wants all the people to come to Him and I often feared that their faith would have a and be good. severe test. But today, I cannot remember more than once when the waiting for an answer seemed The people don't want to come; no they want to be bad, to be so long that they would ask, "Why don't God poor little Jesus. answer? We have asked Him." They were told that God sometimes answers in the negative.

Out of their small weekly allowance the chil- The children often played Sunday school, and dren tithed faithfully. It was made a rule that Louis liked to be preacher. each unkind word was to cost the speaker a penny. This started a turn for the better as it put an end Other children were brought to the Mission, but to petty quarreling. with the work of the mining camps and incoming workers to place, we could not keep them all. For One day Olive came to me very much wrought a time we had seven and a worker volunteered to up, and 'said, "Mama, I've got to lose some money. be their teacher. I have to tell Elsa a few things." She told me the trouble and that was the last I heard of it. Per- In my earliest years in Appalachia, I had many haps she did not feel that the few words she would opportunities to visit other oommunities and assay would be worth the loss of her pennies. sist in meetings. With a little baby organ (a great wonder to many) I led the singing, and When little Faith was five years old, she began many were helped to trust in GO'd for their salto go to the chapel part of the Mission, and con- vation, rather than trust in good deeds, good feelduct services alone. It was touching to listen as ings, in something imaginary, such as a vision of she prayed, gave out hymns, and sang lustily to light or hearing some voke, or in emotion created an improvised accompaniment of her own. Her by a song. These are often accepted as tokens of keen musical ear would not allow any discord, and the New Birth, without the person knowing anyat six she had made up several compositions en- thing of God's promises and the way of life in tirely herself. The older girls taught her some Christ. The greater number of backslidings can easy tunes and to these she put her own words. be traced to the lack of knowledge of the Bible. One, which she was always asked to play for visitor,s, ran like this: The first mission building soon became too small for our large family, so, little by little, the Jesus comes; Jesus goes. addition of rooms began. The last was built when When He comes He stays a little while; it seemed best to put the growing work in the caore When He comes, He goes. of stronger hands.

One day a little girl of six was left on,our front Everything was clear to both parties. The understanding was that these four rooms were to porch aWndhewnasw, etolfdoutnod stay there until someone be built for me, as the first money of $500 was came. her there, she said that given for a rent-free home, so the givers would still wish to have it so. They would not hear to she had come to Istay with Miss Bergren." She was any other arrangement, and the gentleman with whom I dealt said that there would be no trouble. a robust little one and said that she could work So we began building the rooms, but, alas, when we were half finished a letter came from his well, and that at Elly's she did "every lick of headquarters that I must sign over the whole without any clause as to my reservation of rooms. work." I asked why Elly did not work and she The readjustments came asa remarkable answer to prayer s.o that the work then continued until answered, "Oh, she was sick and lazy till she died." regular minis,ters and nurses were stationed in We tried to find out who Elly was, but no one knew; we only learned that Jim brought the child to us and told her to stay. We could not find out who either Jim or Elly were. So the child re- mained. All she knew was that her own name was Nancy.

PIONEERING DAYS IN APPALACHIA

the mining camps. The spiritual workers left the lamps were ruined, chairs were broken, and all field and so-clalled trained social workers replaced was in a pitiable condition. It seemed impossible the Gospel with classes for domestic science, to bring back the former life. nursing, and other good projects that are still not up to the highest standard of a missionary who One day, in late summer, I stood on our front seeks to lead souls to God. porch. I was tired and worried, and my heart cried out: "0 God, take me away from here. I When it se~med wise to leave the Mining Camp can't do any more here, my people love excitement work we moved to Kermit, Virginia, where we more than reality, and some other place needs us built a house and chapel used for school and more." An answer came so real as to be nearly church work. Since a county s,chool has been audible: "Child, do you want to leave now? I built here, the chapel is used for church services have none to stand in The Gap for me. They have only. It was a needy place, seven miles from any not gone back on you but on Me. Will you still other chur·ches and schools to which no one could go away?" walk on the impossible clay roads in the winter. It was sad to leave so many wonderful friends I fell down on my knees, crying out, "0 my behind in Appalachia but as churches of three Lord, if you wish me to stay here, I will never denominations were there it seemed right to go again ask to be moved. I am ready to stand in where there were none. The Gap if it is Thy will, as long as I live."

The first years· here were constructive in the As a shower refreshes the parched earth, so like beginnings of many kinds of classes for grown- a miracle God began to move. The preacher got ups as well as children. A tabernacle was built In trouble with a member of his former followers, in a shady place where services were held in sum- and the church in an adjoining community asked mer, and little rustic cabins were built for classes. him to resign. A shame-faced people came back In all the schools conducted by our workets the to Kermit church, and in a most miraculous way, Bible has a large place, and hundreds of verses things began to be normal again. have been committed to memory by the children. There were very few Sundays. when we did not About two years after this experience, when have from one to three preaching services-morn- some had forgotten that this preacher was still ing, after Sunday school, afternoon and at night. abroad, reports came that he was in jail. One day there was a knock on the door and there stood An unknown preacher, who had had a marvel- the same man. I cried to God for wisdom to ous success in his last revival in a neighboring handle the situation. Then I told him plainly community, came to hold revival services in Ker- that he had stirred up confusion, and scattered mit and filled the church to overflowing every our people to such an extent that some were night. He swayed the people with a hypnotic worse than ever before. He wanted to gather the power, and all our folks were converted over people in Kermit, so as to draw the members from again. Then he wanted to build a church, but as Cowan's Branch (the church in the next commulong as he could have the church free, the people nity where they asked him to resign). But since decided not to build. For six months or more, his motives were wrong I could not allow him to they followed him wherever he preached, going preach anymore. in trucks to distant places. Religiously, Kermit was ruined. Noone knows the anguish we en- I have only touched the borders of the years. dured during this time. It seemed that everybody A veil has been drawn over many sad experiences, was running after the man except a few who did and I have touched only a few of the many which not believe in him or his ways. have been true miracles. May the work go on and on in different ways and places, doing the The large crowds had caused much damage to true s'ervice through many of our missionaries the church building which had settled over six who are claiming the promise that they will bring inches so that every window was tilting. Our forth fruit even in old age. May the Lord who pipeless furnace had to be cut off several inches has done so much for this work in these thirty-six as the register projected above the floor. The years still carry on the work after He has called us. Home.

A Christian Philasapy far Rural Wark*

By FRANK w. PRICE, Nanking, China Head of Department of the Rural Church, Nanking Theological Seminary A PHILOSOPHY of Christian rural work is villages in the rural community. Governments now needed. Interest in rural reconstruc- are meeting some of these needs; non-Christian tion and the betterment of rural life is ris- agencies are meeting others. But unmet needs ing like a. mighty tide all over the world. The are legion. The Christian group should study its Christian Church is aware of its opportunity and community, select the greatest needs, and do what responsibility in meeting the needs of the "rural it can to meet them through promotion of good billion," especially in less privileged lands. Gov- causes, pioneering in new fields, holding up Chris- ernment and social agencies are promoting large': tian aims and ideals in social change, or through scale programs. What should the Church do that the leadership which the church contributes. It will be unique and fruitful? should seek, above all, to meet the deeper moral Many Christian missionary institutions are add- and spiritual needs of individuals and in society.

ing departments of rural service and are begin- 3. We must see the rural man or woman as a ning new rural experiments. Small groups of complete personality; we must see village life as Christians are answering calls of need from rural a whole. In the words of the Jerusalem declara- areas. Special types of training are given to those tion: "Man is a unity, and his spiritual life is preparing for rural service. In some countries indivisibly rooted in all his conditions, physical, governments are looking to Christian organiza- mental and social." The Christian Church should tions for special assistance. Agricultural missions reach men, women and children and seek to in- and the rural church are an essential part of the fluence them in all their family and social rela- world Christian movement. Christian individuals ti.ons. We want to make better citizens, citizens and groups must have a clear vision of aims, defi- of the community and of the nation, Christian nite guiding principles, a firm underlying phi- citizens. The various aspects of rural service losophy of Christian rural service, and a faith in must be integrated so that the whole life of the their cause, if the Christian Church is to make community is improved. Rural Christian leaders any distinctive contribution to the remaking of should see more clearly the relation between the village life in harmony with Christ's ideals in the many factors in rural betterment – health im- twentieth century. provement, higher standards of living, richer in- Ten guiding principles must be vital elements tellectual life, better community organization, the of this philosophy. These may stimulate thought development of stronger character and more un- among Christian rural workers, especially in the selfish leadership, and more vital Christian ex- lands of the younger churches. perience, because they see each person as a whole 1. We should be openly Christian. Christians and rural life as a whole. Our task is to arouse or groups of Christians engaging in rural service the desire and the will for a better life, and to should be openly and fearlessly Christian. As show the way to wholeness of life-in the Chris- Christians we have a distinctive faith and mission tian sense, salvation.

and our work should reveal a distinctive spirit of 4. We should attempt a limited program of high a fellowship and a unique power because of their quality. The program which a Christian group allegiance to Christ and His cause. We should not or a church in a rural community should attempt hesitate to express our Christian purpos.e, to seek will be determined by the leadership and member- opportunities for witnessing to our faith and ex- ship available; by the method of organization and perience, and to work unreservedly for the build- financial resources, by the opportunities presented ing up of a Christian fellowship in the community. for service, and by the faith and spirit of the 2. We should help to rr/,eet rural needs. The group. The aim should be to work intensively Christian gIloup should be seriously concerned rather than extensively. It is better to become with the needs of individuals, of families, and of intimately acquainted with one small rural com- • From a paper Issued by the Agricultural Missions Foundation, munity of fifty to a hundred villages and to do a Inc., 156 Fifth Avenue, New York. fruitful and lasting work than to spread in a [310 ] superficial way over many hundreds or thousands 7. We should make large use of local resources. of villages. Good, intensive work, done intelli- The ordinary Christian institution or group cangently and effectively, will be in the eD.d the best not command the financial resources which govkind of extensive work. We should aim at quality ernments and some non-official .agencies can comrather than quantity of service. We must resist mand. The Christian group must make large use the temptation to promote the kind of work that of local resources and develop local initiative and can be "shown off" to visitors.. We must see the leadership as much as possible. The village peovalue of little things well done and of unpreten- ple themselves must have a large and growing tious service with results that may not be imme- part in the working out of local programs. Any diately apparent but that are of lasting value. No help from outside should be used to stimulate and matter how limited the area of work or how simple encourage local planning and effort. Only thus the program, we should combine scientific knowl- can the rural church hope to become rooted in the edge, the best educational methods, and Christian rural community. devotion and sacrifice in realizing our aim of essentially good and permanent work. 8. We should cooperate as much as possible with other agencies and groups. Churches and all 5. We should go into the villages and live among Christian groups should cooperate in every way the people. Christian rural workers should con- possible with government and other agencies tinually go among the people and not wait for working for rural welfare, but must not sacrifice them to come to the workers and their institutions. or compromise their Christian faith and prin- Christian work in a rural community must be ciples. Following the inspiring example of Bishop deeply rooted in homes and village groups. The Grundtwig of Denmark, the Church should help central institution, service center or church build- the government to "revive the national spirit" by ing may be a me"eting place, training school or teaching Christian ideals of patriotism and by house of worship, but it should draw p€ople out building up the morale of the people. Where other of their homes and villages only to send them back organizations in the community are meeting a to serve and to transform their homes and their need, we may cooperate or support their work; communities. We must go "deep into the villages" where a vital need is not being met, we may help (to use the Chinese phrase); spend days and to arouse government attention or community innights in the villages, live among the rural people, terest and to organize the people to help themshare their joys and their sorrows, sacrifice and selves; frequently we may introduce outside agenendure with them. The ordinary rural worker cies and institutions for rural betterment to the will not do this, or he will attempt it for a short local community or bring groups in the commuperiod and then want to return to the more com- nity in touch with outside agencies which might fortable life of the market-town, the county seat assist them. We should do all in our power to deor the metropolitan center. The constant tempta- velop a community spirit, and community cooperation is to do rural work from an office or by occa- tion. At the same time, we must stand upon sional trips into the villages. Followers of Christ, Christian ground and never deny our Christian our Master, should be willing not only to go among purpose and principles. the rural people but to stay among them. If we can do this, we shall have an assured place in the 9. We should constantly stress the moral basis remaking of rural life. of rural reconstruction which is hindered by powerful forces of selfishness and greed. The 6. We should stress personal relationships and Christian group should be united and daring in small group organizations. What is the Chris- its opposition to all evils which it sees in individtian approach to the villages? First of all, through ual and community life. It should openly proclaim genuine friendship; then through unselfish forms Christian teachings in the face of any wrong and of service, and finally but exceedingly important, injustice even though such a stand may cost perthrough the organization of small, voluntary, co- secution and suffering. It should strive continoperating groups. These groups should aim to ually to strengthen and to organize effectively pubmeet some definite need of the group itself or of lic opinion and common effort against community community life. They should be self-helping and evils and against all forces in and out of the comself-directing from the beginning with such inti- munity which are hindering the fullest developmate and expert counsel and training from the ment of community life. It should preserve and outside as may be available. They' should not be strengthen the best traditions and customs in the mere formal organizations but should be warm villages and build upon the worthy spiritual elewith the spirit of friendship and should give a ments in the cultural inheritance of .the people. broader and deeper meaning to those p€rsonal re- It should call the rural communities to moral and lationships in family and social life which are spiritual life and ideals as well as to material adessential to the preservation of rural society. vance and, through the teaching and the power of

Christ, seek to regenerate as well as to recon- tribute something vital and unique to all the rural struct the lives of rural peoples. reconstruction in the community.

10. We should build up the church, which is the We look forward to the day when there will be permanent ex;pression of the Christian faith and in every rural community throughout the world a spirit in rural rebuilding. Hence we seek to bring strong rural Christian Church, deeply rooted in together in group worship, group study, group rural culture, serving community needs and transfellowship and group service, all Christians and forming community life, united in prayer and in all seekers. for Christian truth in the rural com- fellowsMp, teaching a real love of country and munity. The guiding, teaching and building up releasing the spiritual possibilities of the villages, of such a group becomes an essential task in Chris- indigenous but also vitally connected with the tian rural work. It is not enough to live and to Church of Christ-historic and universal. In a serve as Christians in rural communities; we fellowship of rural churches around the world, a must also find and win comrades in the Christian fellowship of Christian farmers and their famfaith and life and bind these together into a strong ilies, a brotherhood of men and women who are brotherhood. Ministers and lay workers must be helping to feed and to clothe the world and who found and trained to serve in such a church. A worship God and serve His Son, the Galilean Carchurch-centered program; broadly conceived and penter-Farmer, lies one of the greatest hopes of wisely carried out, will not divide the rural neigh- world peace. We must build up the rural church borhood but will help to unite it, and will con- in all lands, among ,all peoples.

The New Urgency in the Congo* -'I~I========~B~Y~R~E~V~.~M~O~TT==E==M~A~R~T~IN========~II~ DR. JOHN R. MOTT, after personal investi- ance of those thus studying our Bible is about gation, has declared that a dollar goes fur- 40,00.0 pupils! Hundreds and hundreds of our ther and accomplishes more in Africa than converts are coming out of these schools yearly, in any other field which he has visited-and he and as we wish to have a "self-supporting, selfhas visited them all! Of all the fields I know, governing, and self-propagating Church," this is. there is none more seriously menaced and which our hope for deacons and elders and pastors, for so urgently demands your sacrificial interest and all such must be intelligent and have clerical abilprayers as the Congo! ity to qualify.

The Southern Presbyterian mission during the The theological seminary at Mutoto is the first five years of this last decade (1928-1932) largest in the Southern Presbyterian Church, with received into the communion 9,455 carefully in- the snudents all married, thus giving the wives an structed and probation-tested converts-but dur- opportunity for special training, and through reing the last five years (1933-1937) received 19,205 quired plantations and gardens able to be largely communicants! Note the astounding rate of in- self-supporting. All must teach the village (or crease-and know that we have over 35,000 now "bush") schools; they must speak some French under preparation, already enrolled in the cate- to pass government inspection; they must know chumen clas·ses, also being tested. Open doors how to lead and instruct their congregations in wide open-thronged with needy supplicants beg- singing; they must be adepts as soul-winners; as ging to be taught! Over 2,000 preaching points well as able expositors of God's Holy Word. All daily trying to tell of the Way, the Truth and the applicants must have had their station (high Life – with yet hundreds of other villages and school) diploma of nine years schooling as a pregroups still on our waiting list begging and plead- requisite for entrance! ing for teachers. The mission:s medical work is also indispen- In addition to direct evangelistic work, we are sable, in that it breaks up inherited superstitions cooperating with the Colonial Government in their of the Voodoo and of animism; it continually wins nine-year educational program which permits us the loyalty of entire villages; and affords countto use. the Bible throughout. The average attend- less opportunities for personal soul-winning. The five hospitals have over 300,000 native visits • Reprinted from Th,e Chffi8tian 01/8eTWr.

THE NEW URGENCY IN THE CONGO

yearly; they perform hundreds of operations; if you had to care for large expansion and incare for all epidemics and scourges; besides car- creased needs? ing for over 2,000 lepers. The health of the missionaries and of our thousands of workers is de- Belgium has, launched a new educational propendent upon them and answered prayers; and gram for the Congo, which provides for nine years neither priest nor pauper ever calls upon them in of education, but sub.divided into three-year perivain. ods. For the first three-year period, the law looks forward to the establishing of little chapel-schools The mission is now attempting to minister to in every small community or tribal group, and the over 45,000 communicants, all of whom were not law further provides that any cult or confession, only received into the church after long instruc- whose teachers are qualified to teach the first tion and probation, but are statedly tested and three-year part of their curriculum, shall have the approved at each communion season, as to whether full protection of their laws; and furthermore, they are "doers of the doctrine." Using the old that the people of that group or village shall be Scotch "token" system, we give a ticket only to protected in their choice of such religious teacher. those whose lives are dedicated and obedient to Even previous to the promulgation of this law, Him. every station had scores and hundreds of such vil- lages on their "waiting lists," for whom we had "How then," you may ask with others, "can it no money in our budget nor prepared "preacherbe true that our mission is seriously menaced, as teachers" well enough trained for such positions. was stated in the opening paragraph of this letter?" The answer is that the mission is both The priests and nuns, who are now encountered under-staffed and under-financed! The average everywhere, have made the situation far more age of the present missionary group is past fifty, acute still, for on arriving in a village where no without any younger men being trained to take Protestant work is manifest, they call the village our places, and with an actual decrease in num- head men, demanding in the name of the law that bers. More pertinently, the mission has succeeded all the children be turned over to them for inand expanded, so that at least twenty more work- struction. The people, loyal to us whom they have ers are needed to maintain the previous degree of learned to love, protest that they are Protestants, efficiency. Among other extensions the mission and that they are looking to us 'and our Church has been forced to open up two more stations for instruction. So the priest departs, threaten- (there are seven now), thus withdrawing mis- ing that when he returns some weeks hence to find sionaries from already over-worked stations to that no Protestant teacher has been installed, he man the new ones. The scattered 'Tillage groups will establish his own school and chapel, or else which we control have increased from 1,100 indict the chief for lying and obstructing the (1928) to over 2,000 now, and we must visit and colonial Program by leaving his children uneducare for these regularly. Every department of cated. Alarmed, distressed, the chief and his peoour work has been enlarged, improved, extended, ple, scorning inconvenience or season, rush into increased in our attempt to hold our own; so that the mission station demanding the teacher for each missionary has far more tasks than either whom they have, awaited so long. Alas, and alas! his health, or the good of the work, can justify. Our little remnant of a budget has already been stretched beyond the breaking point, we can do As to financial support-the peril is even more nothing. So the priest enters, propaganda begins grave, but I trust not more hopeless! The facts against the heretic foreigners, gifts and school speak for themselves, for we have less than one- supplies are lavishly given, and even threats and half of our previous budget, and just a little more blows and unbelievable ruthlessness are employed than one-third. The actual figures in Belgian to prevent the people from visiting us or hearing francs, the currency of Congo, are as follows: the Gospel message. Before the depression the American Church gave us $65,212 which dropped to $25,000 during the Nevertheles,s, the people are remaining loyal to depression. Simultaneously, the exchange rate the Evangelical mission, and many are enduring fell from thirty-five and one-half francs per dollar great sacrifice and poverty and suffering in those to twenty and one-half francs, so that the actual places where we do not desert them. But in the amount in francs dropped from 2,315,026 francs rapidly growing number of those villages which before the depression to 512,500 francs-less than we cannot "occupy," the priests are locking and one-fourth of what we needed! This lowest figure barring the doors, against us and religious freehas been raised little by little until, with the ad- dom, so that in areas dominated by the priests for dition of two new stations, we now receive francs ten years, the children have even hooted the pass- 861,097 ($29,693 at 29 francs to the dollar). If ing missionary, an almost unheard of rudeness for your church budget, or your business, or house- the native Congolese. My conviction is that if keeping budget, were suddenly to be cut down to our Church does not awaken and soon, God will one-third, how would you get along, especially not hold open the doors another ten years.

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~I~

I Effective Ways of Working Tested Methods for Increasing Interest at Home EDITED BY MISS GRACE W. MCGAVRAN, 5718 OAK AVE•• INDIANAPOLIS, INDIANA Do Personal Work with Christian teaching and fel- magazine is not suitable for a lowship those people have. With boy in reform school, is it suit- A state Communist leader once able on your own library table? came to talk to a group who at the pastor and his wife, go sevthe time included members of eral other members of a town *** the national staff of a Missions congregation to "help with the and Christian Education Board. singing," to give an increased In one of our smaller cities sense of fellowship, to make a lives a young woman with a love I remember clearly his state- hard trip easier. of music and ability as a direcment that a member of the party tor of singing. The paid music in good standing, working full There are services within leadership of her own church time at a job, was required to reach of most of us, where our leaves no room for her to use give four full evenings a week lJresence might mean the differ- that ability, but she does not find to Communist activities, meet- ence between success and failure. that any excuse for leaving her ings., propaganda, or other work Search out one such piece of talent unused. She found that for the party. Christian work and give an eve- a group of children in a mission ning a week to it. It will in- church in the same city were At the time it struck me that crease your worth to your own eager for a children's choir and if Christian church membershilp church. It will encourage your one evening a week finds her involved that, our active mem- worker-in-charge. It will carry busy training her sweet-voiced bership would hardly be worth forward the missionary task of group. Sunday evenings they counting. And yet-would it not your church. form the choir for the service of be a minority as effective in the church. Anyone who has its contagion as Communism? *** had much to do with a choir More so, because of its s.piritual knows the number of hours she life, light and reality! Over in Boston lives a mis- must put in outside of timesl of sionary woman, retired from In- actual contact with the children; There are people who are giv- dia.. She is hard of hearing and planning their work, choosing ing such service for Christ's music suitable for various occacause. If we note some of them, the possibilities of active service sions, solving problems. She is it may help suggest some ave- semed at an end. Yet she pluck- doing far more than training a nues of personal service for our- children's choir. She is leading selves – personal missionary ily undertook to learn to write a group of underprivileged chilservice. dren along a path of beauty; she Braille. With painstaking care is enlisting and developing their North of Sault Ste. Marie, On- she has worked at translating abilities fOir Christian service, tario, Canada, runs a gravelled she is giving them a warm, vital road due north. Twenty-five into the familiar Hindi of the contact with her own Christian miles out it ends. From there to field of her labors, stories being personali ty. Hudson Bay there is nothing. It used in Christian education. is still pioneer country up there. Then with meticulous care she There are children from coast The "bush," which has grown has pricked into the raised dots up after logging, is forest again the story or the Bible pass1age or to coast, from northern border and here and there iSi a little log to south, who are crying out for cabin. Small farms are being mess·age for the blind to read. cleared. Russian, Finn, French, Hindi Braille! Her days of serv- Christian leadership. Children English stnck-they are pushing ice over? Retired? She is open- in city, in village, in country and the wilderness back. Along that ing the eyes of the blind as mountains, needing a contact, if road every Thursday evening, only once a week, to guide their while the road is not blocked surely as she did in the days of activities along worthwhile lines with snow, there goes the cir- her medical service in India. and to give them definite contact cuit pasitor and his wife, to hold with Christian personality. You a service for all who will come There are services you can can render vital service if you to the tiny chapel in a little set- render in preparing materials are willing to give an evening or tlement. It is the only contact for use in mission fields at home two a week to it. and abroad. There is that ever- present implement-the needle. There is the hammer and the paint brush and the saw. There are books to be collected, maga- zines to be gathered for use in prisons. And by the way, if a [ 314 ]

EFFECTIVE WAYS OF WORKING

What, you say, has local To feed these children at the move out. The woman telling about it, said that she and her church work to do with mis- Center one nourishing lunch a family were utterly ashamed of belonging to a community which sions? Who said local church day, the churches of the county could do such a thing. She spoke very feelingly about the sense work? Whenever you step out -one church each week-under- of contrition which comes to one in the face of circumstances like of your own local church en- took to collect what was needed. that.

vironment, to go to the aid of a But at this point came a fail- First, let us rej oice in the growing number of people who group not able to provide its , ure which, to the visitor, seemed have a deep sense of shame and contrition at the possibility of own leadership, you are in a rather embittering. In spite of such action.

sense engaging in missionary ac- all the wealth and all the power- Second, let us see what we can do about it. There is a tivity. We have left too much ful modern automobiles owned deeper problem than that of bringing 'Public opinion to bear home missions work to the over- in those churches, not one per- upon the agent and the dwellers in that apartment house. The worked members of our home son could be found willing to de- editor of these pages was aching to ask in that conference, how missions s,taffs. Too many of liver thoee supplies to the Cen- many persons there pres,ent had ever entertained a Negro person us fail to see, that beyond our ter. After a week of exhausting as a guest in their homes.

financial support of home and work, heartbreaking in some of For after all, there lies the root of that particular trouble. foreign missions which provides its revelations, those three girls To entertain a Negro guest wa's such an unusual thing in that the continuity of work and had to collect and carry to the community that when an apart- ment house dweller attempted it, workers, we s,till owe the gift Center, unload and store away, she had to give up her apart- ment. The next step for all that is more difficult to make— all the food supplies for the fol- those who feel contrition, is to make the entertaining of Negro the gift of our own time and lowing week. guests such a common observ- ance in their neighborhood that talents in direct personal serv- Can you not imagine the it will cease to draw attention ice. When we render such serv- women of those churches saying and to cause unfavorable comice, we grow in understanding as too many of us say on similar ment. and in power. We speak with occasions, "We've collected the authority as we seek to enlist the things needed. It seems that There are few of us who can members of our local church in the least they can do is to come make our voices heard in breaka deep concern for the work of after them!" It would have been ing down racial prejudice. But the church at home and abroad. a little thing to those church peo- as has been the case since time began, What you do speaks Our cause is not to be com- ple, taking long drives to cool louder than what you say.

pared with the Communist cause. off in the hot summer evenings, Why not plan during this next year to take a person of an un- Shall we, then, give it a lesser to load the car and drive in the accepted racial minority in your community to at least one of devotion? direction of the Center. A heavy your miss,ionary meetings as a guest. That is one of the easiest Give Full Measure – burden they put upon those tired steps, for there at least you find workers by their failure to do so. some persons theoretically if Running Over! not in actual practice believing Many of us will be involved in in racial equality.

A visitor to a Christian Cen- projects of one sort and another, Why not have as a dinner ter' in Ohio, where children of collecting that which we would guest at least once, the most inmigrant onion – field workers share, and getting it to those teresting person of another race were being kept and cared for with whom it is to be shared. whom you can secure. Make it during the day, found three In planning such enterprises, a real occasion. Invite your let us remember that full meas- guest because of a common inyoung .women doing a tremen- ure – running over – involves terest, or because of some dous piece of work. Faced with finishing u~ the project our- accomplishment along lines inappalling need on every side they were reaching out to the selves" not leaving part of it to full limit of their time and weary workers who are glad to strength to bring health and have our gifts to distribute but Christian teaching – the touch whose joy would be the greater of it that was possible – to as to have full measure of help.

many children as they could in Creating Public Opinion the weeks during which the Cen- ter was maintained. At a recent conference on Children, utterly worn out missionary education in Chi- with the attempt to sleep on cago, one woman got up and told hard boards in bare shacks with about an experience a friend of no netting to keep out the hordes hers had. The friend, a lover of of mosquitoes, were put to bed music, had invited one of the under mosquito-netting on a mat most famous, singers of today, a in the grass, and were allowed Negro woman, to be her guest at to sleep as long as they would. dinner in her apartment in a Children suffering from the ail- northern city. The other occu- ments that come from lack of pants of the apartment house food, no milk, and few of the had combined to force the agent nutritive elements needed, were to refuse to re-lease her the served a hot lunch at noon. apartment. The friend had to

teresting to some member of for following an address. Can during the address, questions, your family, or because the one we do anything about it? small or great which occurred invited is a stranger in this We certainly can. In the first to them. These were collected country, or because you are' place we can recognize the fact at the close and given to the working together on a commit- that most subjects presented by speaker. As they were answered tee and want to spend the eve- most speakers do not stimulate by her, other questions began to ning working together. The discussion. Unless we are sure be hastily written and passed invitation must rise out of a real that discussion will be stimu- forward. The question period desire to have that person in the lated, we should not plan for it had to be brought forcibly to a midst of your family and must or announce it. It is often a lazy close. Another method is pribe a happy experience for all in- idea on our part, for by it we vately to ask several clear-thinkvolved. have avoided having to build up ers among the listeners to jot Why not have as your house the program in line with the down questions during the adguest at summer camp someone speaker's theme. First then, do dress or presentation, and to be of another race? Students in not plan for discussion unless ready to ask them. It stimulates this country might find that a you are sure it will be spon- attentive listening to do this and real experience. A boy inter- taneous and valuable. if the group is merely shy about ested in the same hobby as your In the second place, there is starting questions a number of son's might bring more than questions like this to begin with pleasure in doing things to- the subject or address or speaker often sets things off to a good gether. which should stimulate discus- start. Still another and very sion under ordinary circum- good way is to have, either in Why not help your young peo- stances. Plan for discussion in the preceding open meeting or in the officer's meeting a preple to take with them to summer that case and announce it. But discussion of the speaker's be alert. If the speaker fails to theme. Some definite things the conference as a member of their group would like to find out may own group, some young person stimulate discussion, if the ad- be determined and thus quesof another race or nation whose dress has a tone such that its tions prepared. Or for those own church will not be sending message will be lost if followed who read a great deal, stimua group and who would be lonely by discussion, if circumstances lating questions regarding the going just as an individual? prove such that the audience point of view of some author cannot enjoy spontaneous dis- who writes on the subject may It is through the doing of cussion, if the majority will not be proposed. Avoid like poison these things that you are really want discuss,ion although a few the trite and banal question. creating public opinion. To are eager for it, rise gracefully There is nothing sends a speaker make the desirable so common into a fatal "spin" more easny in actual experience that it will to the occasion with a statement than a question like, "Do they be "the thing to do," will be which reverses the proposed pro- eat with their fingers?" after more effective in creating a gram arrangement. For in- she has p,resented a picture of friendly world than any amount stance, "We had planned for dis- the terrific problems faced by of mere talking about it. cussion, but I think we all agree the women of India in emerging that we s,hould prefer to close on from centuries of ignorance, Best Use of Question Periods superstition and binding custom. the note Miss Jones has sounded. Third then, where discussion is Who has not been at some Some of us will want to talk to legitimately planned, decide defimeeting or other upon whose her further,' quite informally nitely on the way in which quesprogram appears "Address, by tions are to rise and make some So-and-So" followed immediately after our meeting." Or, "Miss suggestion as to the type of below by that fatal line, "Discus- Jones has answered in a remark- questions which will be helpful. sion." The pres,iding officer able way the questions we had Bring questions or discussions rises, bright-faced, and turning thought of asking. Suppose we to a prompt close when time is on her charm like a lamp, pro- just omit the discussion period up or when desire for further poses, "Now I am sure we all questioning seems about to lag. have many questions we want to and have an informal chat with It is a good principle in question ask Miss Jones." Dead silence. her after we close." Second, "I have one myself," seys the then, be alert to eliminate a dis- periods, as in recreation, to stop officer smiling. One wonders cussion or question period you how much of the period of the short just before people are address she spent in trying to had planned but which you come formulate it! Miss Jones an- to feel will not be wise or effec- ready to quit. swers it with enthusiasm. Dead silence again. tive. Question and discussion peri- The "Discussion" on this pro- In the third place, develop a ods rightly used are excellent. gram was a flat failure. It technique for drawing questions. An interdenominational confer- ence of children's w 0 r k e rs, where each was a stranger to the other, had a most lively question couldn't have been worse. Yet period. At the outset of the You can become more expert in that is exactly what happens presentation the group listening using them helpfully if you study ninety-nine times out of a hun- was asked to keep paper and the reasons for your success or dred when questions are called pencil in hand and to jot down failure and try again. BULLETIN Council of Women for Home Missions EDITED BY MISS EDITH E. LOWRY, 297 FOURTH AVENUE, NEW YORK, N. Y.

~,==================~ TAMBARAM SPEAKS FOR for action to an ecumenical con- that the pulse of the Christian ference, those delegates hold in Church is to be found in the HOME MISSIONS their hands the deciding votes throbbing life of its evangelistic By REV. HILDA L. IVES that can establish their inter- fervor. Here is the test of the The third International Mis- pretations of spiritual truth and reality of the Christian religion. sionary Council which met at that can express their spiritual Any church or any individual Tambaram, India, in December, ideals in Christ. I do not know Christian who lacks missionary 1938, made history. For the that there was any time at Tam- zeal is as a burnt-out coal on the first time in the record of ecu- baram when the colored dele- altar of the Living God, for a menical religious councils the gates as a whole were in opposi- transforming religious experimajority of the appointed dele- tion to the white delegates or ence brings the propulsive love gates were representatives of when the representatives of the and power of the Living Christ the colored races. To be exact, younger churches were in dis- and with this inflow of the Holy there were eight more colored agreement with the delegates of Spirit comes a sense of Divine delegates than there were white the older churches. But if acute Mission. In the words of the delegates. This fact has far- differences had existed, victory Tambaram findings, "There is a reaching implications for the was always possible for the sure indication that evangelism missionary cause. In the first younger churches. Such decid- is not due merely to the zeal of place, it means that the Chris- ing power will be increasingly Christian people, but rather is tian Church is now so deeply in the hands of the colored races the outcome of a Divine initiarooted throughout the world in the years to come. tive. The task can never be that it has taken on the sem- In the third place, this world- achieved wit h 0 u t :sacrifice. blance in color and in dignity of wide establishment of the Chris- Churches as well as individuals the family of nations as God tian Church means that the term are summoned to die unto themcreated them. God is an artist. "home missions" has new conno- selves and unto their own par- With the dawning of a new morn tations for all Christians. The ticular interests that the world He paints His skies with irrides- work of the Christian Church may be saved. Worship must cent hues. With the flaming can no longer be divided into lead to witness and spiritual rays of His dying sun, He sets "foreign missions" and "home growth to self-giving." These His heavens aglow with glorious missions," with the meaning words can well be a stimulus to color. Such a God would nat- that has existed in the past. the work of home missions.

urally create His children, His Every country now has its Tambaram laid an emphasis, family of nations, a colorful peo- strong indigenous C h r i s t ian as did the ecumenical conference ple. His Church is a colorful Church. Every country now has at Jerusalem, upon the strategic church, beautiful in the warm its home missions, consisting of importance of the Rural Church shades of brown, yellow, black all areas where Jesus Christ is in the stabilization of a chaotic an"d red, with enough white to not known. From the discus- world. This means, of course, make a perfect harmonious sions at Tambaram, it was the strategic importance of whole. This was shown to all brought out that all churches home missions in every nation.

Christian leaders who saw the are now considering the sending Tambaram emphasized the need Universal Church assembled in of Christian leaders to other of experts and specialists for all the beautiful new auditorium of lands as foreign missionaries. It the different phases of village the Madras Christian College at was suggested that India might life where human needs are the Tambaram. The Ecumenical well send from her Indian Chris- most pressing. This need was Church which represents Chris- tian Church foreign missionaries expressed in the findings in the tendom fairly in the future will to Africa, even as it was sug- following words, "Increasing the consist of inspired harmonious gested that America might con- fruitfulness of the land, raising leaders blended into a colorful sider the appointment of a fine the level of literacy and intelli- Negro Christian missionary to gence, providing wholesome unity of faith. In the second place, the pre- India. Such suggestions have recreation, turning slums to dominance of colored Christians tremendous import in the re- homes, rescuing people from meaus that at any time there is va1uation of the whole mission- financial exploitation or trying unanimity of opinion upon the ary cause. Tambaram asserted to prevent such sin, directing the r~solutions of findings presented again and again in its findings energies and the social instincts [317 J of youth into channels of whole- is right, who still feel the clasping sage of the mystic, Kahlil Gibsomeness and service-all these hands of love even when they go ran, but the period of directed are the blessed touch of the hand through pain and trial and loss, this prayer which followed its readof Christ when done by men and seed-spirit will spread, this nucleus ing was one of the high moments women filled with the love of will enlarge and create a society. of the conference. Christ and equipped with special knowledge for the task. . . . This excerpt from "Inner The commission group meet- Wherever possible the Church Life" by Rufus M. Jones ap- ings were held at Riverside should cooperate with govern- peared on the cover of the pro- Church, and in Hamilton and mental agencies contributing gram of the Metropolitan Chris- Business Halls at Columbia Uniher Christian spirit, her trained tian youth Conference held in versity. The unique feature of workers, her volunteer assist- New York City on March 3, 4, these commission groups was the ance and her deep interest to and 5, 1939. setting up of booths to resemble lift the level of the community's the World's Fair, called "The way of life." The committee of ten young World's Fair of Social Chal- people headed by the general lenges." In these booths were In conclusion, I would say that chairman, Mr. Oliver Powell of displayed the contributions of the message from Tambaram to the Metropolitan C h r i s t ian various racial groups and rehome missions is that home mis- Youth Council sought in their source materials on outstanding sions are thrilling opportunities arduous planning for this con- social questions. for service and for evangeliza- ference to spread this "seedtion within national boundaries. spirit" among the youth of the The subjects covered were: Foreign missions are the thrill- Metropolitan area. Their months Peace, Economic Problems, Race ing opportunities for service and of thoughtful, prayerful en- Relations, Jewish-Christian Refor evangelization within inter- deavor resulted in a well-bal- lations, Housing, Unemployment, national boundaries. Interest in anced program. both home and foreign missions Home and Marriage, Leisure will exist in the same person if The conference speakers were Time, Labor Problems and he is a true follower of the Mas- Dr. Harry Emerson Fosdick, World Christianity. ter. Home missions gives a minister host to the delegates, Christian an opportunity for Rev. Abraham J. Muste of the Some dealt with personal relimore direct practical concern Labor Temple, Dr. John Suther- gion, as, for instance questions and service to needy parts of his land Bonnell, pastor of the Fifth such as these: own nation, for a more intimate Avenue Presbyterian Church, knowledge· of many groups of and Mr. Oliver Powell. Anyone Is religion personal or social, or is underprivileged people and for doubting that youth is inter- religion personal and social? a definite part in the develop- ested in a pulpit message need ment of a constructive, vital pro- only to have witnessed the rapt Can I save myself without saving gram for the building of the attention given these conference others? Kingdom of God. The needs of speakers to be convinced that the home mission fields, close at youth will give ear to a message Can I be religious and not go to hand and sacrificially met, can of worth. church? open the heart to the needs of far-distant lands. Home mis- One of the outstanding mo- What would happen if young peosions is a spiritual and necessary ments in the services of worship ple really believed in Jesus? preparation for foreign mis- was that in which the words of sions. "Such movements are "The Prophet" were read. Does God have a purpose for every the urge of the Spirit to the life? If so, does the individual have Church to fulfil its great com- And an old priest said, "Speak to a definite part to play in carrying out mission, relying not merely upon us of religion." And he said: "Have that purpose or does he just find for human resources, but upon the I spoken this day of aught else?" himself something to do in advancing power of God. . . . The Church's the purpose? message to the world is the Lord Is not religion all deeds and all re- Jesus Christ Himself in all His flections, and that which is neither These young people faced honmanifold grace and power." deed nor reflection, but a wonder and estly and frankly these and many surprise ever springing in the soul, other problems. that confront YOUTHFUL BUILDERS even while the hands hew the stone youth today. or tend the loom? OF THE KINGDOM Naturally there was a diver- Who can separate his faith from sity of opinion, and both con- The Seed his actions, or his belief from his oc- servative and progressive poi~ts cupation? of view were presented. Our It was Jesus' faith that, if you get young people live in a world in into the world a seed of the Kingdom, Who can spread his hours before which they themselves must a nucleus of persons who exhibit the him, saying, "This for God and this choose what they shall believe blessed life, who are dedicated to ex- for myself; this for my soul, and this concerning the essential facts of panding goodness, who rely implicitly for my body? . . ." life and only as they think for on love and sympathy, who try in themselves can they grow into meek patience the slow method that He to whom worshipping is a win- men and women of principle and dow to open but also to shut, has not stable Christian character. yet visited the house of his soul whose windows are from dawn to dawn. Earnestness of purpose and youthful enthusiasms character- Your daily life is your temple and ized all sessions of this gather- your religion. ing of youth and one could not but feel that these youthful Whenever you enter into it take builders of God's Kingdom had with you your all. come a little nearer Christ's dream for the world Space does not permit a full quotation of this beautiful mes-

A Story for the

KEEP OFF THE GRASS Norman and the policeman the boys all laughed and told him turned round to look ata young to forget it. They said that all By VIOLET WOOD man who had come over to them. reporters were crazy. As the long summer days passed, Nor- Norman was burning up. His "And who may you be?" bel- man still dreamed of sailing in a clothes stuck to him. It was the lowed the policeman. boat up and down the Hudson hottest day of 1875. None of River. the gang were around for they "George H. Williams of the had all gone s.wimming in the New York Times." One afternoon he was sitting East River where his mother on the curbstone outside of his wouldn't let him go. "A smart alec reporter, huh?" tenement under the shade of the "Look here, officer, I don't in- elevated trains when he noticed All along the road, carts and tend to get into a brawl. I'd a man evidently looking for horses were tied to hitching just like to ask you a civil ques- someone as he consulted the posts or were moving fretfully tion. How many times a day do house numbers. The boy's heart through the narrow city streets. you kick little boys like this one skipped a beat. It was Mr. Wil- Up on the fire escapes of out of the city parks?" liams. Norman rushed over to crowded tenement blocks babies The policeman pushed back greet the reporter. He was so lay in cradles made out of old his hat, the better to see the re- excited he scarcely heard right. orange boxes. Many of them porter. What he saw evidently He was to have a gang of boys cried incessantly. pleased him for he changed his at Battery Marsh on Sat.urday. surly tone. "More than I care Norman felt like crying, too. to think of, young fellow. I Saturday came too slowly, but He had never disobeyed his know that there's no place for then Norman, his friends and mother, but the impulse to go these kids in New York City to hundreds of newspaper boys with the gang was strong. He play but in the gutters. But from all over New York City had only a vague idea where the what can I do? If I let this kid went sailing on the ferry boat. East River was. Street after stay here, tomorrow there'd be Best of all, was the news that street he crossed in the blazing hundreds tramping around here for the rest of the summer they sun, with the horses and car- and what would become of the could spend the long, hot days riages ambling in every direc- park?" on the boat. tion. After much walking he came to a park. The cool, green Mr. Williams turned to Nor- Mr. Williams had told Norgrass stretched all around. The man who had been crouched man's story in the newspaper, as sight of it thrilled him. Al- down between the. two men, well as that of other little boys though it was carefully foot wondering whether he should whom he had seen compelled to wired and bore signs warning, run or stay. "How would you "Keep off the grass." People "Keep off the grass," Norman like to spend some of your sum- had sent in money to hire a ferry jumped the small fence, picked boat to take the children sailing out a choice spot beneath a mer days on a ferry boat, sailing every morning and bring them shady maple tree and lay down. up and down the H u d son back at night. The idea seemed River?" so wonderful that one of the big The lovely tree swayed, caus- New York churches took it up ing a slight breeze and making Norman looked at the re- and for many years made this the sunlight fall in patterns porter. "You're making fun of one of their home missionary upon him. He lay thinking, "I'm me, mister. I ain't never been tasks. going to bring mama and papa on a boat in my life." and the baby here." Reverently Making Use of This Story he felt the grass. Although "No," said the reporter, "I'm parched and dry, it was delight- not kidding you." He whipped "Keep off the grass" is the fully cool to the hands of this out a notebook. "What's your true story of the beginning of little boy who knew the feel of name? Where do you live?" He The Floating Hospital of St. cement sidewalks better. John's Guild that still carries on wrote down what Norman halt- the work. "Come on, get up out of ingly told him. there!" Many children have no idea as "Who do you think you are, a to what "home missions" are. Norman started up, his heart See how many aspects of work beating wildly as he looked at a millionaire? Getting ferry boats among underprivileged children policeman towering above him. for kids-don't make me laugh!" in metropolitan and rural sec- tions the child knows. Tell of "Get a move on, you !" The policeman swung his stick. your denomination's work in Norman was too frightened to "Just watch the pages of the various fields. move. "Why don't you pick on some- New York Times, brother," anbody your size, brother?" Both swered the reporter. To Nor- man he s.aid, "And you, sonny, I'll be round to see you real soon."

When Norman got home, and told his adventure to the gang, [319 ]

World–wide

A Missionary Newspaper of Current Events EDITED BY MRS. HENRIETTA H. FERGUSON, XENIA, OHIO "

~~~~=====================================================================~ NORTH AMERICA life; the Church and marriage. five cents each for bricks in the Family participation in commu- edifice. The upper part was paid One Hundred Year Split Ended nity activities. Education for for by royalties on the Moody- world citizenship. Old age and Sankey song books sold in Great The three great divisions of its place in family life. Britain-money which the evan- Methodism are closing the books gelists would not accept for their on more than a century of schism It is a common mistake to as- personal use. The ministry of to form the largest Protestant sume that Christian education is this good-will gift has extended group in the United States. The for children only. The whole over more than seventy years. union will give the Methodist work cannot be done by the When the Chicago Avenue Church nearly 8,000,000 mem- Church School, so that a pro- Church organization moved one bers, 50,0'0'0 churches and $800,- gram must be developed which mile to the north, the Moody 0'0'0,0'0'0 worth of property. The will include men and women, as Bible Institute purchased the old Articles of Religion will be those well as the youth. An adequate building and has since used it historically held in common by program is necessary in order for classes and conferences. the three uniting bodies. Two to make the Church ineffective. differences had led to the split: Another Survey on Beliefs theNegro question divided North -The Church in Action. and South in 1844, and lay rep- The ·Survey Gra.phic for April resentation in church affairs in Bibles from the Dumps published the results of a study 1828. made by Prof. James H. Leuba Not all hotel managers like to of Bryn Mawr, in which he The publishing interests of the have Bibles in their rooms. For sought to find out the proportion unified Methodist Church are to example, when a hotel in western of Americans who believe in God be under a Board of Publication, Canada changed ownership the and a future life. Sixty-four per which replaces the book commit- new proprietor had all the Gid- cent of the prominent bankers tee of the Southern church and eon Bibles thrown out on the believe in God, but only half the board of the Northern. dump. Later, a poor girl went that many writers do. Figures to the dump hoping to find SOme- for a belief in immortality were One weekly paper, with re- thing of value that she could sell. somewhat higher than for a begional editions, to be called The Noticing the books, she picked lief in God. About 25 per cent Methodist, will serve the entire up one and took it home. had not made up their minds Church. Editors will be drawn Through reading it she found about immortality while only 7 from the staffs of papers which Christ, and this led to the forma- per cent were undecided about the new publication displaces. tion of a Sunday school class, the existence of God. Among whose members also went to the men of science the proportions Church Education dump and provided themselves of doubters in immortality was with Bibles, so that not one copy also much greater than that of The 19th Social Work Confer- was left unappropriated. doubters in the existence of God. ence of the Episcopal Church, which meets in Buffalo, June 16 -So S. Times. -The Churchman. and 17, will have a wider appeal than in the past. It is to be a Moody Auditorium Replaced Home Missions' Outreach conference for all who are interested in education, as is evident The historic Moody Bible In- Dr. Antonio Mangano, an from the list of topics to be dis- stitute Church in Chicago was Italian Baptist min i s t e r in cussed: Family life and its ma- closed on May 6 on account of Brooklyn, makes this comment terial foundations; its legal and the widening of the street on on home missions: "Soon after social status; its spiritual pat- which it opens. This landmark, evangelical churches commenced terns. Youth problems; youth scarred by use and age, has been work among Italians in Amerconsultation service; youth's in- replaced by its successor one ica, the effects were seen in Italy. terest in social education and block to the north, called the The first missionary pastors social action. Preparation for "Torrey-Gray Auditorium." Fol- were converts who came from family life; mental hygiene of lowing the great fire of 1871 the Italy, but by their labors Amerinfancy and childhood; adoles- first story of the old structure ica soon began to repay Italy. cence and education for family was erected, thousands of Sun- day school children contributing [320 ] Here and there an Italian con- mountains supplied the idea for posed for the year 1939-40 in the verted in America returned to an experiment, and in 1934 an booklet "A Venture of Faith," Italy and did not hide his light Emergency Relief Administrator recently published by the Naunder a bushel, but faithfully with a vision collected a stack of tional Committee for Religion proclaimed his new-found faith old, nondescript books, maga- and Welfare Recovery. Among zines, and pamphlets, the latter the objectives are: in Jesus as his Saviour. Some- dealing mostly with religious times these humble messengers topics, hired an enthusiastic To educate the American public in were ostracized and persecuted young mountain woman, who the underlying principles of stewarduntil they returned to America. owned a white mule of dubious ship through conventions, regional In other places their townspeople age and a pair of saddlebags. conferences, national magazines, the listened, first with curiosity to With these bags crammed with daily press, motion pictures, radio and the American religion, and later miscellaneous literature, through other educational media. with such interest. that many creek bottoms, cane patches, and were converted. A peasant of over abandoned trails she rode, To broaden the base of giving by Calitri was converted anhe Bap- stopping at every mountain enlisting as nearly as practicable, tist mission in Hartford, Con- home to urge all who could read "every citizen as a steward of life and necticut, and became an earnest to read what she was giving property for the welfare of mankind." Christian. When he returned to them. Often she read aloud to his family in the little hilltown whole families, most of whom To develop more business-like methof southern Italy, he labored were illiterate. ods of systematic giving, proportiontirelessly to bring his townsmen ate to incomes. to Christ, with the result that a The Kentucky mountaineers grasped and clung to this pack To lift the present level of giving church was formed with a mem- horse service, which grew at from 2.033 per cent to the unprecebership of 50 which has since such a rate that today it is en- dented figure of 3 per cent of income, grown to several hundred." tirely out of hand-through lack and as far as practicable toward the of books. One by one, pack- biblical tithe and the 15 per cent -Watchman-Examiner. horse library carriers were which the government exempts from added, until, at the present time, income tax if given privately for pub- First Spanish Baptist Church, women ride horseback and walk lic welfare. New York City an average of 26,182 miles monthly to deliver 39,293 books To educate the public on the im- There were about twenty chil- to 36,293 Kentucky mountain portance of "Mbre and Better Wills," families anxious to learn, and to including annual review of wills with dren present, most of whom had know the doings. of the world due consideration of our personal in- outside. These libraries extend debtedness to religious, educational, never prayed in public before. over certain backwoods regions character-building and welfare insti- of thirty-one counties. tutions. We had a worship service, and The Federal Government pays To seek the religious, social and then I told them why we were the carriers – all from relief moral welfare of the donor as more rolls – a small wage. .once a important than the material value of assembled and asked all who week they hold conferences at the dollar. their centers, clip continued wished to lead in prayer to do so. stories from old magazines and In the Indian Field bind them into a unit; and fas- The children ranged in age from ten Sunday school lesson papers A glance at the year's work in cardboard covers, with a reli- among the Indians indicates 5-14 years. All those present led gious picture on the outside. progress both in extending evangelization and in strengthin prayer, and for so many it The "bookwomen," however, ening the groups of converts in are not without rebuff. One was forty-seven different t rib e s. was the first time in their lives, met on a mountain side by an There has been an increase in irate father who said he "wanted the number of accessions on proand so I was immensely proud no more sech goin's on." Said fession of faith. However, there he: "I cain't get my gal to do have been obstacles to Christianof them. There was no waiting nothin' but read. My cornfield izing efforts, such as violations needs hoein'''; and he declared of the law against the sale and because one little boy led in angrily, "sittin' in a corner with use of liquor; converts who have her nose in a book h'aint gonna earnestly tried to withstand prayer every time no one else get them weeds out!" temptation have been enticed by unscrupulous white men engaged spoke up. He is seven years of -Bible Society Record. in the traffic. Among the Sioux Indians, sales of peyote, unreage, and I was surprised at his Stewardship Promotion Plan stricted by the government, have been promoted. A bill introreligious experience. He came A nation-wide program of duced in Congress to prohibit stewardship education is pro- the traffic of this drug among very near crying many times the Indians was not reported out of the committee because of the while he led in the five prayers influences which were mar- shalled against it. he offered that day, one of them In certain reservations, Inbeing of about twenty minutes' dians have been encouraged to revive their ancient culturesduration. He wanted to pray so-called – which involve pagan for everyone he knew, because it was the Day of Prayer. He prayed for grandmothers and asked a blessing on all the bad people and the gang of boys who beat him up. -Selected.

Pack Horse Library Just what is a pack horse library? An expressed wish for reading material in the Kentucky

practices. The encouraging fact farmers; but Palmer Church says Dr. Johnson, are not antiis that many of the Indians are also serves the coal miners to Semitic. opposed to the return of these the north, the many gold miners primitive rites. It should be high in the mountains and iso- Palestine at the "Golden Gate" recorded that recently the gov- lated communities along the railernment has issued an order road, including the Eklutna Vo- An interesting exhibit at the prohibiting Indian dances for cational School to the south and San Francisco World's Fair is a commercial ends. All the Chris- fishing stations on Cook Inlet. "Holy Land Garden," containing tian, and most of the progressive more than a hundred trees, Indians are in hearty accord "The Vanishing Indian" shrubs and plants mentioned in with this order. the Bible: olives from Mount This common phrase does not Olivet, Lebanon and Galilee; -Presbyterian Board of hold up under scrutiny. When date palms, acacias, plane trees National Missions. the Pima Indians held their an- and pomegranates-the Eastern nual camp meeting in Arizona, symbol of life and fertility. Mexicans in Texas fifteen acres of desert were cov- There will be almonds, fig trees ered with wagons, horses, tents, and "bitter herbs," the latter Evangelization of the Mexi- and hundreds of children, young mentioned to Moses (Exodus cans in Texas is important be- people and white-haired Indians, 12: 8) in connection with the cause there are almost a million assembled for one of the largest Passover. Fragrant, pungent, of them who are ignorant of the evangelistic meetings ever held spicy plants with Biblical back- Gospel. Southern Baptists are by Indians. There was contin- ground will be here – hys,sop, grappling with the problem, and uous activity from sunrise until thy m e, rosemary, lavender, have marked out two lines of ten at night. Choirs from a anise, cummin, rue, cassia, musapproach, the first being evange- dozen villages, in training for tard, leeks, onions, garlic. The lism. To this end, six evangelis- months, took part in services carob, which is identified as "the tic conferences were held in Jan- conducted by Indian ministers. husks that the swine did eat," uary and February in various will also find place in the Garden. parts of the state. The second -Monday Morning. will he emphasis on stewardship Barley, wheat, flax and riceand tithing; teaching the funda- Anti-Semitism in U. S. the papyrus antiquorum, or bulmentals on which any Christian rush, that sheltered Moses in his forward movement must be built. Dr. Alvin Johnson, director of watery cradle, the arundo donax, the New School for Social Re- "the measuring reed" of Holy Efforts will be made also to search, New York City, confirms Writ, camphire, coriander, lilies, have an every-member canvass the estimate that there are 800 myrtle, and finally Christ's in every Mexican church early distinctly anti-Jewish organiza- Thorn (Paliurus aculeatus), and in the year. Goals will be sug- tions in the United States, claim- many another growing thing gested as a minimum for each ing 6,000,000 adherents. Some with definite line of identificachurch. The First Mexican Bap- of these organizations are na- tion back to Biblical times and tist Church of San Antonio has tionwide in their operation, some scenes, will be installed on voted a 33113% increase in their are regional; a few require pay- Treasure Island. budget for the present year, and ment of dues, and sell antiplans to make missions a definite Semitic literature. The most im- Interpretations will be given part of its program. portant are: the Silver Shirts, of the ancient uses of the plants Defenders of the Christian in the Garden. -SouthernBaptist Home Faith, Industrial Defense Asso- Missions. ciation, American Nationalist -Sunday School Times. Confederation, James True As- A Growing Parish sociates, Knights of the White The Gospel at Golden Gate Camellia, and the German- Exposition Not much has been heard re- American Bund. cently of the government's Ma- The Christian Business Men's tanuska Valley proj ect, but Dr. Johnson classifies their Committee of San Francisco has Monday Morning reports that propaganda appeal something planned an aggressive soul-savthe federated church at Palmer like this: for the average tim- ing program for the World's (in this valley) now has its own orous person, identification of Fair. Eight thousand square building, a membership of nearly Jews with "Reds"; for the so- feet of outside space in a choice, 75 and an average Sunday school ciety dame, the fake letter of central location has been purattendance of 112. This church, Franklin; for the anti-New chased, and an auditorium seatunder Rev. Bert Bingle, has Dealer, list of government jobs ing 250 people has been erected. withstood a number of reverses held by Jews; and for the small In addition to services in the in its three years of existence. business man, assertion that cor- auditorium, thousands of Bible porations are controlled by portions and tracts are being dis- Since the construction men Jews; nothing for the parlor tributed. and clerical forces required in anti-Semitic who hates the Jew the beginning have now with- on his own. Women, as a rule, Tom M. Olson, a well-known drawn, the church membership Bible teacher and personal is made up almost entirely of worker with wide exposition ex- perience, has been procured as

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

the manager of the project. request of the wife of an un- converts in the ocean at Port-de- "Sermons from Science" will be faithful drifter; another woman Paix. A member of the Mission presented by Irwin A. Moon, who had lost her son asked for a writes that it was necessary to who has had an unusual minis- sermon on death. The church is call three meetings in one week try for Christ during the past always filled to capacity. recently, to examine individually few years. His messages and fifty candidates for baptism. Not equipment will captivate and Mr. Pagan takes great pleas- only the testimony of the conarouse the curiosity of the un- verts was heard, but that of saved. Three messages daily He ure in the church organ, which their neighbors who knew at present the first century Gospel first hand about· their changed to this twentieth century. he practically built himself. life. Twenty-two of these con- would appreciate having victrola verts came from a distant part Tithe Reindeer and Walrus? records of religious music. of the Island. They traveled all night, some on donkeys and some Rev. Fred Klerekoper, a Pres- Unappropriated Ouba on foot. One was a well-known byterian missionary to the Eski- witch doctor, who, soon after his mos at Point Barrow, Alaska, In northeast Cuba is a tract of conversion, presented the Mishas not as yet reached a solution sion with a piece of ground in of this problem, but the church some 13,000 acres, known as his village on which to build a members of that community chapel. His wife and daughter (which includes almost all the Realengo 18, meaning "unap- were baptized with him. natives) have all agreed to tithe for the support of their church. propriated." This area which Women's Service League- There is almost no cash at all in Ohile the community. When an Es- includes both mountains and valkimo wants a sack of flour or a Manana (tomorrow will do) pound of coffee, he takes a fox leys is inhabited by 2,500 fam- may be the motto of some Latin or a polar bear skin from his re- Americans, but this does not go serve and makes for the trading ilies, very industrious folk in for the evangelical women of post. He does not receive cash. Valparaiso, Chile, who have or- When there is a surplus after he spite of their uncertainty of ganized a "League for Service." has completed his purchases, he Not only do they work in groups, is given credit on paper. tenure. In 1934, the Gospel knitting or sewing for the poor; they visit jails, orphanages, So, if an Eskimo has a walrus reached the southern part of asylums, hospitals and homesand ten seals, what will be his Realengo 18 through Senora del in fact few chances are lost to gift? What could the church do be of service somewhere. One with the meat? The community Valle; and another sec t ion member took into her own home reindeer herd contains some the small child of a woman who 12,000 of the animals, and how heard the Good News through must go to the hospital; another could one manage to use 1,200 prevented the marriage of a girl reindeer? some Haitian Christians harvest- of 14 to an old man; others clear up homes too filthy to live in, -Presbyterian News. ing coffee there. One of the first take sick children to the public health clinic, and teach mothers LATIN AMERIOA converts was a peddler of pins, the rudiments of health and sanitation. Radio Sermons in Puerto Rico who goes about and at each Good News from Brazil Radio station WPRA in Maya- house leaves a copy of one of the guez, P. R., has granted its fa- An interesting and heartening cilities for one hour every Sun- Gospels. This man has held piece of news, coming through day to Rev. Antonio Pagan, pas- the evangelical papers of Brazil, tor of one of the Presbyterian preaching services in many of says that in Ceara, the leading churches in the city. Results state in the north of Brazil, have been far-reaching. The the homes of the district. Few reading of the Gospels has been Sunday sermon is heard in Cen- adopted for public schools. tral, South and North America, families of Realengo 18 are with- Christians everywhere, knowing as well as in the Island. Mr. what ignorance of the Bible has Pagan does not claim to be a out at least a portion of the prevailed in Brazil, will share good preacher, "but," says he, the joy felt in evangelical circles "I receive many letters every Bible and many have accepted of that country. The editor of week thanking me for the ser- the Expositor Cristiio, official mon." Many of these sermons Christ. There are now three Methodist organ, writes: "This are prepared especially for those marks a gigantic stride in the who write of their spiritual regular preaching places and needs. A sermon on "Put· Your House in Order" answered the one Sunday school. In March last year, the believers started a fund for a church, school and parsonage. The first offering amounted to more than $60. A friend of the work in Homer, New York, added $60 and a house was, purchased.

The peddler preacher made his rounds on a horse, and when it died the group of Christians raised a fund to buy another.

They have a vision of one day being. able to support their preacher, so that he can devote all his time to the work of the church. They also have another idea; Friday has been selected as "missionary day," when every Christian is expected to call on some one not yet a be- liever. -Missions.

Oonverts in Haiti The Haitian Gospel Mission reports the baptism of forty-six

path of the re-Christianization standing in a new and rapidly Conference of Evangelical developing central business secof Brazil." Students tion of Rio de Janeiro. Cambridge University, more Bible Sunday in Brazil The Church in Colombia than any other in England, has been associated with evangelical Half a century ago Bible Sun- . day, as it is known today, had The establishment of a "self- movements and tradition. It is not been instituted. H. C. supporting, self-governing, self- therefore appropriate that the Tucker, writing in the World propagating" church in Colom- International Conference of Outlook, traces the development bia is a slow process, for poverty Evangelical Students should be of Bible distribution in Brazil and ignorance abound and con- held there (June 2:7 to July 3). during the past fifty years. The verts often face bitter persecu- It was there that Erasmus inpopulation in 1888 was approxi- tion. However, the beginnings troduced the study of the Greek mately 15,000,000, of which 85 oE an indigenous church are evi- Testament to those who became per cent were illiterate. There dent. leaders and'martyrs in the Engwere only a few miles of rail- Some years ago a land owner lish Revr:>lution, Latimer, Ridley road, travel and communication in the interior heard the Gospel and Cranmer. It includes among being by mule, oxcart, canoe and and accepted Christ. Through its alumni Oliver Cromwell and on foot. Brazilians not only had his testimony, and faithful ef- John Milton. no Bibles, but were told that the forts of missionaries, not to say Speakers at this conference Bible was not a book for the hardship and sacrifice, a group will come from several parts of common people. Many priests of beUevers was organized in Europe. The general theme will did not possess copies in Portu- 1935 and a board of five men be "Christ, Our Freedom." It is guese, some not even in Latin. placed in charge. A recent visi- open to undergraduate and post- But on Bible Sunday, 1938, tor to the district was impressed graduate students, and univerthe population of Brazil stood at by what he saw. Alone, or two- sity faculty members. 47,000,000 and illiteracy had by-two, these Christians go out been reduced by one – third. to preach Christ, while those at One Thousandth Anniversary home look after their small Means of communication had farms. The church has twice The Mis s ion Field, the been greatly extended; even air been enlarged, but even so there monthly magazine of the Society lines connect centers in many is not room for all who wish to directions. Educational facili- attend. Another group has been for the Propagation of the Gosties, cultural influences and organized a day's journey away, pel in Foreign Parts issued in measures of health and hygiene and nine have been baptized. April, 1939, its 1,000th number are spreading out into rural Schools have been opened in of this excellent magazine. The areas. During the half century, both places, with native teachers' first number was issued eighty- and young men and women are two years ago and it has since the American Bible Society re- being prepared for the Bible Inports the annual distribution of stitute, and later for service. been making known the needs of Bibles, Testaments and Scrip- people of non-Christian lands for ture portions has increased from EUROPE 7,286 to 221,034 copies, while the Gospel and the progress the British and Foreign Bible Youth Movement in England made especially through the Society report a similar increase. work of the S. P. G. The peri- Probably not less than 8,000,000 Young people and their inter- odical was begun by Earnest ests are coming to the front in copies of the Bible have been Great Britain. This was mani- Hawkins in 1856 but the Society placed in the hands of Brazilians fest in the Youth Assembly in was organized in 1701 and the in the half century. This would London early in the year. The 239th anniversary was celebe about one copy to every six Methodist Youth Service Council brated in Londo'n this year. Its people. is not only taking part in the work is being carried on in public inquiry as to youth condi- Japan, Korea, China, British It is significant that Bible tions, but has had a special in- Malaya, Siam, India, Burma, Sunday, 1938, records a marked Australasia, Africa, Central and change in the Roman Catholic attitude toward the popular use South America, the West Indies, Canada and Europe.

of the Bible, particularly the terest in the First National Par- England Bans Stage Profanity New Testament. At least four liament of Youth, held March attempts with ecclesiastical ap- 24-27, a parliament composed of A play that was shown 168 proval have been made in recent fourteen national youth or- times in New York was not alyears by priests of this church ganizations. lowed to finish the first perform- to translate, popularize and stim- Among the supporters of the ance in Chester, England, on ulate interest in the reading of Youth M 0 v e men t in Great account of its profanity. The the Gospels. and the entire New Britain are the Archbishop of theater manager rang the cur- Testament. An increasing vol- Canterbury, the Archbishop of tain down in the middle of the ume of the Scriptures and Bib- York, the President of the Meth- first act, and the orchestra lical literature is going out from odist Conference and other struck up "God Save the King."

the nine-story Bible H 0 use, leaders. Actors and producers were

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

called before the constable to an- tains that he is bound to preach ers, in very simple words, try swer the charge of allowing such and declare that a man is saved to persuade the reader to buy, profanity on the stage. by the blood of Jesus Christ and and read aNew Testament or not by Aryan blood, that the ex- Bible. Posters were also sold for On the same day on which this clusion of converted Jews from distribution in Tunisia, Belgium, incident occurred a court in the full privileges of Christian Switzerland, Great Britain and Montreal, Canada, sentenced the life is unchristian, that the Canada. author of a play called "The Church of Christ must be ruled Deluge" to two months' im- by God's Word alone, and not by In answer to prayer, permisprisonment and a fine of $250 the government, that the denial sion was given to open a stall at on a charge of blasphemous libel, of justice is the mark of an un- a market for second-hand things, because the play "offended God christian state, that political realistically called "The Flea and religion." One actor was movements cannot be regarded Market." Astonishment was also sentenced to serve time in as Divine revelations nor their plain on the faces of passers-by, jail, while six others received leaders be venerated as mes- one of whom exclaimed: "What! suspended sentences. sengers of God. Such books at the Flea Market!" Two young business men devote -World Outlook. Jews in Warsaw their only leisure half day on Saturday to sell the books. On Scandinavian Teachers For several years the Church one Saturday they sold 44 Tes- Abjure War Mission to the Jews in Warsaw taments in eleven languages. has held evening classes in the More than 130 representatives English language, which brings No More Jewish Converts of Danish, Swedish, Norwegian numbers of the younger element and Finnish teachers' organiza- of Polish Jewry to the Mission The Evangelical Church of tions, assembled for a conference House. Thuringia is one of those most in Finland, have adapted a state- completely under Nazi domment on war which makes scant Attendance during the past inance. This church has recently compromise with the trend to- winter has greatly increased, issued an order by which bapward increased armaments for and if premises and staff could tized Jews can no longer be defense. These teachers say: be enlarged would be still members of the regional church; "In line with the growing war greater. These classes serve as and by which the ministrations psychosis there is observable a means of breaking down the of the church can no longer be also in Scandinavian countries age-long prejudice of Jew s rendered to them. Since this an effort to adapt the schools to against Christianity in general order was issued, the example of the system of military defense. and missionaries in particular. the Church of Thuringia is be- We consider all such actions, The classes are uncompromis- ing followed by the regional whether involving outright mili- ingly evangelistic, yet this fact churches of Saxony, Mecklentary training, or education and does not diminish the attend- burg and Anhalt. In complying preparation for the defense of ance. Once a week the gather- with these new laws, the the population, as tending to be- ing combines evangelistic and churches mentioned have given cloud the spiritual life of the social activities; and while per- up the right to make converts, to child, and to counteract the spirit haps forty will occupy them- Christianity. -Kulturkampf. of confidence in the love of hu- selves with the games and manity that the school endeavors reading matter, a hundred or so Russian Bible Fund to inculcate in the young. We will listen to the Christian adare obliged, therefore, to regis- dress, lasting about an hour. About ten years ago, the Soter our determined opposition to Willingness to listen does not viet Government gave permissuch a violation of the school's imply acceptance of the Gospel, sion to a group of Russian Chrisrights – irrespective of the ex- but does indicate open-minded- tians to publish 50,000 Bibles ceptional difficulties of the times ness. About twenty young Jews and 50,000 New Testaments. An -to carryon its educational ac- are sufficiently interested in the appeal was sent out for funds, a tivity in accordance with its own Bible to meet every week to committee of Christian leaders aims, which are to develop hu- study it, both the Old and New was organized and contributions man beings sensitive to life's Testament. began to come in. Soon 5,000 highest values and prepared to New Testaments were published promote the development of con- The P. T. L. in Paris and distributed; the printing of cord and good-will in the world." 25,000 complete Bibles got under French workers of the Pocket way. Then the Soviet authori- Pastor Niemoller Testament League, not sure how ties discovered what those 5,000 long they may be free to spread Testaments were doing. Imme- Revelation claims to be the the Word of God, have placed diately they stopped the printing first to publish the real reason more than 1,200 posters. on Paris of the 25,000 Bibles and canfor the imprisonment of Pastor walls, near everyone of the 38 celled the permission previously Niemoller, despite the fact that Parisian cemeteries, and in 72' granted. the court declared him innocent. villages and towns. These post- NiemOller still steadfastly main- Although the collection of

funds had to cease, there was, found a job as sweeper and were busy far into. the night exhowever, a balance of $7,000 in cleaner, and after a few months the bank. The Committee then was employed as a nurse in the amining those who sought bapdecided, since there are millions men's ward. -Life of Faith. of Russians outside of Russia tism. -Life of Faith. and they, too, are hungry for D. V. B. S. in Egypt the Gospel, to distribute these African "Keswick" copies along the borders of The W 0 in en's Missionary Russia. With the cooperation of Magazine reports an increase in A convention for A f ric an Christians in seven countries, the number of Daily Vacation Christians has for some years 4,000 Bibles, 45,000 New Testa- Bible Schools in E.gypt. Also, been held in Kenya. It was orments and 7,000 Bible portions 500 more children were reached. ganized by missionaries for the have thus been distributed. Re- Out of the total number of 2,839 spiritual renewal o.f African cently, the $7,000 was reduced to pupils, 760 were Moslems. Mr. teachers and pastors. There has $17.71, and this was handed over Aig3iban, director of this work, been rapid growth in interest to the "Russian Missionary visited all of the 43 such schools until in 1938 some 200 Africans Service" which will add the dis- conducted by students of Assiut and a dozen Europeans gathered tribution of Bibles to its other College, and a number of other from all parts of the Colony, large activities. -So S. Times. schools as well. Some could only some also from Ruanda, Uganda be reached on donkeys. He says: and Tanganyika. As a direct re- AFRICA "It was very wonderful to hear sult o.f that. convention there boys giving Bible stories and have been many cases of a break- Potential Leader in Egypt Golden Texts. Not only this, but ing of the power of sin. to hear Moslem boys and girls Two or three years ago a giving Bible stories." The most During the 1938 Convention young Mohammedan was attend- popular hand work was crayon the question arose as to whether ing an Islamic school in prepara- coloring of Bible verses. Many the time was not now ripe for tion to become a sheikh. Instead, times children hid the bell, so the formation of a Convention, he is today a baptized Christian, that lessons would last longer. not only for pastors and teachand gives promise of becoming a One of the best schools in Upper ers, but also African Christians leader among Egyptian Chris- Egypt was conducted by a Mos- generally. The matter was tians. While this young Mad- lem boy named Yusef Moham- brought before the committee of booli was at the Islamic school, a med Suliman. It is the third Kenya "Keswick," and as a refriend asked him to join in a year that he has had a school. sult a committee was appointed study of the New Testament, This volunteer in Kom Ghareb to arrange, together with Afriwhich he did, and was so inter- worked all summer both morn- can leaders of the Church, for ested he went to a neighboring ing and afternoon. He declared the organization of the African village to ask some missionaries that he himself got most benefit Convention, under the title for other parts of the Bible. Not from the school. "Kenya Keswick." only was his request granted, he was introduced to the local evan- Revival Comes to Mompono -Life of Faith. gelist, with whom he spent many subsequent hours discussing the The "Regions Beyond Mission- Christian Center in Bible and having his difficulties ary Union" was discouraged Tanganyika explained. He also gathered up when one African teacher after a group of young men from his another proved unfaithful to his It is obviously difficult for a own village to join in this stUdy. trust; but continuance in prayer Christian African boy who goes resulted in enlisting forty keen- to work away from home to keep Of course, his interest did not minded boys in a training class, his balance and resist temptaescape the notice of his Moham- to go out later to the surround- tion. Realizing this, some years medan associates, and he had to ing villages. The number grew ago a number of African Chrisput up with the usual annoy- to sixty, and when all these go tians from different parts of ances. His father thought to out there will be a Christian Tanganyika launched a scheme, end the matter by bringing a evangelist for every village of under the leadership of Eurosheikh to "talk Madbooli out of importance in this dis t ric t. peans, to provide a home and this nonsense." But Madbooli About this time, the missionaries Christian fellowship for such was not to be moved, whereup felt an awakening around them. boys. As if in answer to prayer, his father refused to support Open-air workers reported a a well-to-do African business him, so he set out for Cairo to new interest; natives employed man who had been interested in earn his living. He secured a by traders at the State Po.st were the project willed his home, the job as a basket maker, but when asking for their own evangelist, newest and best house in the his employer found he was a and this spirit was not limited to community, to be used for this Christian he promptly dis- the vicinity of Mompono. Five purpose. The house provides accharged him, and refused to pay witch doctors yielded their commodation for a large recreahim what was due. This time hearts to Christ, and misionaries tion room, a reading and waithe went to Shebeen Hospital, ing room, and one for meetings, as well as a small chapel which gives opportunity for quiet and prayer. In connection with the

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

club is a hostel where rooms are tory church collections and, after pay- til they found a friendly chief at ing the allowances of over a hundred let to African Christians. village pastors and teachers, main- Bonginda. Here they settled, -Life of Faith. tained wholly by the indigenous 1,200 miles from the coast, and church, the church sent a gift of five established the Congo Balolo A Great Conference thousand francs toward the deficit of Mission. Eventually, the Re- gions Beyond Missionary Union The largest missionary confer- the Baptist Missionary Society and grew out of this work, and ence South Africa has ever two thousand francs to its largest today it controls work in two substation for church building.

known brought together this The Bible for Cape Verdians fields; in the Congo and in the year at Bloemfontein over 1,000 Bihar province of North India, ministers and laymen of Dutch On the Cape Verde Islands, off where there are seven stations. Reformed churches. The 150 the west coast of Africa, at least In the Congo, there are 20,000 mission congregations were each eighty out of every hundred per- church members, and at least represented by a European mis- sons can read and write; and 20,000 more have been won and sionary, and 400 European con- faith runs high among the mis- are now in "the Church Triumgregations were also repre- sionaries there that Scripture phant." -The Christian. sented. Since 1877 the church's distribution will have far-reachmissionaries h a v e increased from twenty-two to over three ing results. Their plan, they tell Fetish Bonfires Multiply hundred. During the South us, is to place a portion of the African war, 85 young men from Bible in every home. These peo- Public burnings of fetishes the military camps decided to ple are poor, but they have a real are becoming more common in hunger for the Gospel, and will the Belgian Congo; accomgive their lives to mission work. make almost any sacrifice to se- panied by public profession of It was 47 years ago that Rev. A. cure a copy. Proof of this faith in Christ. At Rethi more Louw trekked by ox-wagon to hunger is seen in the following than fifty families have given up Mashonaland, and in that center literal translation of a letter re- their spirit paraphernalia. A today his church numbers 5,000 ceived from one of the islanders: blind evangelist, Paulo, preaches members, with 22,00.0 young with power and he can quote people under instruction. The "I come very respectfully to many passages from the Bible Dutch Reformed Church has ask you this special favor about from memory. To the African, missions in all parts of the your religion. For a long time I the amazing thing is that one so Union of South Africa, in Rho- have lived without belief or fear despised as a blind man should desia, in Nyasaland, and in the of God. Since the first time I go a-bout helping others.-Life heard your words concerning the of Faith. Sudan. It is expected that, as a Gospel I have felt a strange fear result of this conference, every of God and a grand pleasure has WESTERN ASIA congregation will be directed to been in me as I come to this true carryon missionary work in its pathway which I do not know Ten Years to Graduate own area. -So S. Times. profoundly. Therefore I come Draw your own inference by this letter to ask you to loan from the fact that when nurses' Congoland After Fifty Years to me a copy of that book which training was undertaken at Ken- Dr. Holman Bentley, English I have heard you speak about, nedy Memorial Hospital in Trip- Baptist, was the pioneer of Prot- the book which is to guide me oli, Syria, ten years ago, the only estant missions in the Congo. A into 0 Caminho da Salvacao, promising students were girls native boy, Niemvo, helped him (The Way of Salvation}." who had been cared for in Near reduce the Congo language to -The Word of Life. East Relief Orphanages, and had writing, to make a grammar and had a measure of training in dictionary and translate the Regions Beyond Missionary orderliness and regard for the Scriptures. Fifty years ago in Union welfare of others – qualities February, Niemvo was baptized the first native Christian in It is 60 years since the first lacking in most of the others. It Congo; today, there are 250,000 missionary went from the East has taken ten years for the first Protestant church members and London Training Institute to group of girls to carry their a constituency of a million. Central Africa, in territory now training through to successful known as the Belgian Congo. completion. There were four The International Review of girls in this first class to be Missions makes this comment: The Mission at that time was graduated. called the Livingstone Inland Righteousness is beginning to flow Mission. In 1884, it was decided -Monday Morning.

as a mighty stream through the life to hand over the direction of this Long Range Christian Service of the community. Formerly no one Mission, with its seven welldared begin to protest against abuses equipped stations to the Ameri- The American Mission in but, with the revival, fear of man was can Baptists. They, however, Syria has set a goal for a new subdued. A new breath has blown through village life, clearing away the were not able to penetrate as type of missionary work; e.g., old, polluted air. Never has the liberality of our people been so mani- far inland as had been hoped, to reconstruct village life on the fested. Large sums of money have and an expeditionary force principles of the Kingdom of been raised over and above the statu- God as taught in the New Tes- pushed up the Congo River, un-

tament. Briefly, the following a filthy priest leading a tiny bull and so eager to assist their factors enter into the problem: with a crooked mouth and neighbor in her suffering that To follow the example of Christ women stroking its ears in wor- they responded heartily to the with a correlated program to re- ship; women picking up dust Bishop's suggestion that two deem both individual and group tha.t feet of naked priests had representatives of the Methodist life; by living the Gospel before trodden, and putting it on their Episcopal Church in India and preaching it, and by cooperative faces-some of it tied up to take Burma be sent with him to self-help as proclaimed by Jesus. home. However, many were en- China on a mission of fellowship No program is to be "put over," lightened enough to refrain from and help. As soon as arrangebut built around the needs recog- these things. Some were seen to ments could be made, the two nized by the villagers themselves. dip their hands in the river, let men appointed left by motor bus Full cooperation is sought with the water trickle through their over the newly opened road from every department of the Amer- fingers, while their faces were Burma into Yunnan and further ican Mission, with other mis- upturned toward the sky. Be- north in West China. At Runsions and with all national and hind all this, unquestionably, is ning they boarded a plane for government agencies. the search for God. Chengtu. These representatives from India have addressed many It is recognized that changing Caste and Christianity audiences, chiefly students, seekthe lives, thinking, attitudes and ing to aid by evangelistic mescustoms of a conservative vil- H. C. Mookerjie, Ph.D., writ- sages and Christian sympathy. lage community is a long and ing in The Indian Witness, has difficult task, that immediate re- this to say about the bearing of -The Indian Witness. sults must not be expooted. Christianity upon the caste system: A Burmese Woman Leader -Agricultural Mission Notes. Weare all aware that the Indian Dr. Daw Saw Sa, F.R.C.S., Christian community contains within D.P.H., of Rangoon, who ha.s the INDIA AND SIAM itself men and women coming from distinction of being the first nearly all the Indian races, tribes, Burmese woman physician, is The Great Mela castes and strata of society. Blue the first and only woman sena- blooded Brahmins and Syads, high tor under the new constitution, Once in twelve years the castes and scheduled castes, land- which on April 1, 1937, made greatest of all religious festivals owners and tenants, capitalists and Burma a Crown Colony in the is held at Hardwar, in April, laborers, farmers and landless culti- British Commonwealt<h of nawhere the sacred river Ganges vators, rich and poor jostle one an- tions. In 1932 the Rangoon emerges from the mountains. other within the Christian fold. Government conferred unique At that time the population honors upon her by making her swells from a few thousand to All over India, Christianity has sup- a member of the Rangoon Corabout a million, most of whom plied leadership in the revolt against poration, the first time in the are illiterate. For this reason, the rigors of the caste system, and political history of Burma that an announcer told people who specially against untouchability which a Burmese woman was admitted wanted tickets to this or that is a manifestation of the caste feeling as a member of either Corporaplace to go to a spot where they in its most objectionable form. The tion or the Legislative Council. saw a picture of an elephant, a acceptance of our faith has enabled Dr. Daw Saw Sa has long been snake, scissors, a wheel and so thousands of untouchables to shake off interested in politics, particuon. for all time to come the disgrace larly the section relating to wrongly attached to their birth, and physical, moral and mental de- Priests prepare for the wor- to rise in the social scale. The differ- velopment of women and chilship of the river by lighting ence between their position before and dren; and is a member of variwicks in little cups of oil. Wor- after conversion must have made ous societies and institutions, beshippers pass their han d s these men realize very keenly the dis- sides having her own nursing through the flame, then draw abilities under which they had been home and clinic modeled on the their hands across their faces, laboring in their pre-conversion days. most scientific ones in America. perhaps touching lips, eyes and The improvement in their social ears in order to be cleansed from status, always reflected in their be- -Missions. evil they have spoken, seen or havior, has tended to encourage furheard. It is at such times that ther conversions among non-Christian Building the Church in Siam evangelists. are busy with tracts members of the group to which they and Gospel portions, and it is had belonged. In the past, Hindu so- The Church of Christ in Siam not difficult to dispose of them. ciety had refused them all chances of is urging a Five-Year Plan of education, and all prospect of social Evangelism, and is asking each A writer in the Woman's Mis- advancement. Christian missionaries congregation to form a prayer siona1"Y Friend describes some offered both, group for special intercess,ion. of the sights that make one sad A committee was appointed at -make one long to have them India's Mission to China the last meeting of the General know Him who said: "Come Council to consider the possibilunto me." One was a man who At a meeting of the Central ity of a Bible Correspondence had held his arm upraised so Methodist Conference in J anlong he could not take it down; uary, Bishop Ralph A. Ward, of Chengtu, West China, was pres- ent and addressed the audience on conditions in China. Mem- bers of the Conference were so deeply stirred by the situation,

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

Course being worked out that the Japanese sentries, helping finished just in time to aecommodate could be used throughout the the government care for its all these poor bombed and bayoneted wounded, and conveying money victims; that our staff was spunky whole Church, especially which to stranded communities where they serve. enough to stay; and just now-that furlough is coming in five months.

A Bureau of Evangelistic and the local mission staff is cut off Church Work has been formed from outside contacts. It's a World Movement to encourage all Christians to -The Church in Action. take responsibility for this plan. Japan's military campaign in It is hoped that eight Siamese Statement from Chiang China is destroying Ghina's inwill enter the Union Theological Kai-shek stitutions of higher education, School in Manila; ,two men have because they do not produce already taken this course. The following formal state- citizens that are friendly to ment was issued by Chiang Kai- Japan's imperial ambitions. In Another need is for an or- shek a few weeks ago, and is of the midst of Japan's bombing of dained man and his wife for special s,ignificance: Hunan University that institurural work, since the majority tion organized a Student Chrisof the Siamese are rural folk. At this hour of our national crisis, tian Association, and one of There is also need for'more work we, the Chinese people, are profoundly their first acts was to write the among the Chinese in Siam, be- moved by the earnest increase in the Christian students of Japan saycause of their numbers, and the many concrete expressions of sym- ing that they of Hunan Univerinfluential place they hold in the pathy which have been continuously sity were deeply aware of their business life of the country. coming to us for over 19 months from membership, through theWorld's our friends in other parts of the world. Student Christian Federation, in a world-wide fellowship of Chris- Chinese Evangelists in Siam Christians have left no stone un- tian students, and especially con- scious of their common partici- Some of the evangelists who turned to show their growing interest pation in that fellowship with have been driven out of China in the material as well as the spirhave gone to Siam, and are put- itual welfare of our suffering people. Missionaries, in particular, have never ting new life into Christians hesitated to make even the greatest there. They have conducted meetings through interpreters, personal sacrifices to heal the wounded Christian students of Japan. which have led to the formation and succor the distressed. They called Christian students of Japan, China and other counof bands for Bible study and I welcome this opportunity, there- tries to go in united prayer to a prayer. Dr. Song, an evangelist. fore, to reiterate the previously ex- pressed appreciation of myself and my educated in the United States, has succeeded in arousing many countrymen for the unqualified en- common Father with the plea of the Siamese to a realization of dorsement of the righteousness of our that His and not their will be their need and responsibility. resistance that has come to us so done-that peace based on jus- spontaneously, and in such unstinted tice come to their nations. In spite of the fact that the measure from the Christian world. Siamese have their own national -Intercollegian and Far church, there has been a tend- I believe that those of our people Horizons. who will survive the terrible holo- causts which have involved us all in Universities on the March so much loss of life. and human suf- fering will emerge victorious in spirit, ana more confirmed than ever in the ency to lean too much on the faith that right will always triumph Chinese educators have coined over might, whether in personal, na- the phrase "Universities on the missionary for the initiative. tional or international relations. March," to describe the condi- CHINA "Count Your Blessings" tion of China's higher institu- Redeeming the Time tions of learning after fighting Mrs. T. D. Stevenson, daugh- changed the educational map of Evangelism, tea chi n g and ter of Charles Ernest Scott, and China. Fifty-four of China's healing – the ministry of the Presbyterian missionary in Can- 114 colleges and universities ton, rut Hackett Medical Center, have been destroyed by bombs Christian Church-never more is able to find cause for thank- or incendiarism; and 82 have needed in China, was never more fulness. Writing home in Feb- been compelled to move just one active than now, in spite of ruary, she says: jump ahead of oncoming Japaterror, bloodshed, destitution nese invaders. To move some of and destruction. Whole popula- There are really so many things to these involved treks of from 500 be thankful for that I do not know to 1,000 miles, most of the jourtions often flee from cities and where to begin. The biggest item, of ney in small boats and on foot. with them the Church, to find course, is that we're reunited as a As much as possible of equipthemselves in some remote area family, and that we're all safe and ment was carried along. where, perhaps, their presence well; that we have so many children brings the first Christian mes- on the compound this year so that our An educational map of China sage. "New circumstances teach small son isn't lonely; that we hap- today would show a number of us new duties," say the mission- pened to have our car (which has been new universities and colleges in aries, who find themselves guard- Hackett's only link with the rest of the city, and has been invaluable for ing the gates of mission com- bringing patients who could not get Kwangsi, Kweichow, Yunnan, pounds, taking in foundling here otherwise, taking the servants to Szechuan and Shensi-provinces babies, preventing cholera, es- market, fetching coal or wood, fetchcorting coolies to market past ing our milk or letters or almost any- which before the war had no thing); that our new hospital was governmental supported univer-

sities – all established by stu- regions. However, there has to drop bombs near Christian dents and faculties. been a measure of success, even churches?" though workers are somewhat -Dayton News. apathetic toward these sparsely Japanese officer: "Certainly. populated areas. Finally, there Glad to cooperate. Let me see In the New Capital are the tent missions, chiefly in your mission maps and I will market towns. have our maps marked accord- To most people, Chungking, ingly. (Moment of silence while if it means anything, means a The South Shensi Mission officer studies map.) Why, you small town in a backward part seeks to create in the Chinese a have churches everywhere. We of China. As a matter of fact, sense of responsibility toward all could not bomb anything withit is a city whose population be- unevangelized districts. To this out hitting one. How many have fore the war was 400,000; since end, a prayer cycle suggests you, anyway?" the transfer of the capital, the items for special intercession. population has j u m p e d to Priest: "Thirteen hundred, 800,000, and is steadily mount- -China's Millions. and Protestants have 300 in the ing. It is far up the Yangtse same area." River, beyond the reach of Jap- How Shall We Pray? anese armies and battleships.; Officer: "I wish I knew what however, it expects bombing Dr. and Mrs. John R. Mott it is that keeps you Christians planes any day. It is a commen- formulated a statement for the working in such places as this." tary on modern civilization that guidance of their own prayer practically every house has its life, early in the conflict between The power of the Gospel is dug out, as much a necessity as China and Japan. Here it is: well illustrated by the following a kitchen. Three anti-aircraft story from Nanking. Bibles and guns are placed within a hun- 1. We should pray for both China Testaments were being distribdred yards of the home of the and Japan-for their rulers, their peo- uted among Japanese soldiers Methodist High School principal, ples, and, very especially, for all their who had a habit of looking in on a school with an enrolment of Christians; for the ending of the war, church services. For the most about 1,'000 boys. Sometimes and for a just and enduring peace. part, these soldiers accepted the the buildings are used by the Not to pray indicates that we believe copies readily. Later, a Japanese Government for official confer- that human wisdom, devisings, com- officer came to a member of the ences, and at such times the binations and power alone will suffice Church Council and urged that school is more like a military to effect these things; whereas, to no Bibles be given to his soldiers. camp, every entrance guarded pray indicates that we believe that No regard was paid to the reby riflemen with fingers on gun superhuman wisdom, love and power quest, and the officer came again triggers. are absolutely essential to the achieve- and again, ordering finally that ment of this wonder work. We should distribution of Bibles must be In South Shensi become alarmed if we find that in our stopped at once for said he, "the secret prayer life this tragic need New Testament talks of peace, The task of evangelizing does not have a large place; because and the chief business of our South Shensi is divided among we are what we are in the dark where soldiers is war." The Bibles had the Norwegian Alliance Mission, God only sees us, and by which He been passed around in the barthe Lutheran Free Church of judges us. racks, read by many, with the Norway and the China Inland result that they did not wish to Mission, the latter having fifteen 2. We should do all in our power to fight. counties under its supervision. relieve human suffering. The volume Five methods of reaching the of unrelieved suffering in areas af- Shanghai's 5,000 Jews people are employed, and of fected by this war in the Far East is these s t r e e t preaching has even greater than at anyone time in If Shanghai is the world's proved the most fruitful. Prob- the World War. Notwithstanding this most cosmopolitan city, this can ably fifty per cent of the con- alarming fact, it is tragic that, as indeed be said of its Jewish verts have been won by this yet, the efforts put forth by the Chris- community of 5,000. Here Jews means. tians and others in America to meet from every country of the world, this overwhelming and indescribable speaking a score of languages, Village evangelism is another need are relatively negligible. Our live, do business, and thrive in method. It is found that one sympathy and sacrificial action in general, despite the frightfulfaithful Christian family can be such a situation are a true test of ness of the Sino-Japanese war. most effective in winning others. our Christ-likeness. Perhaps nowhere else have they City witnescSing includes prison contributed so much to the visitation, distribution of tracts 3. We should, with true penitence, growth of a great city, and perand open air preaching. Evan- acknowledge the sins of our own coun- haps nowhere else is this service gelistic bands have been organ- try against both China and Japan, so little recognized, the reason ized to visit unoccupied towns. and bring forth fruits meet for re- being that emphasis there has This presents difficulties, inas- pentance. This will be difficult. It been laid on nationality, not race much as roads and communica- will involve real self-denying effort or religion; that is, the British tion facilities are poor in the and, it may be, very prolonged effort. Jew is considered a Briton, the mountainous, brigand – infested Russian Jew a Russian, and so 4. Let our Government know unmis- on. takably that the Christian forces will be solidly behind them as they put forth their full influence to secure a just settlement.

Conversation from the Front French priest to Japanese aviation officer: "When you en- ter new territory, would you be willing to instruct your men not

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

An interesting aspect of J ew- their future program; and that in Mongolia. One young man ish life in Shanghai is the new- furthermore, if they want the said to a missionary, "I can tell ness of the Jewish community support of the better class of a Christian now when I meet in contrast with the antiquity of Chinese the first step toward him on the street. I asked one China. Only for little more than securing it would be the instant man whom I met yesterday if a century have the Western na- stopping of this flood of nar- he wasn't a Christian; he smiled tions carried on organized trade cotics. and said, 'Yes, but how did you with China, and for decades the know?' I told him that I could trade was restricted to Canton. Importance of Hongkong see the evidence in his face." The opening of the treaty ports, of which Shanghai was one, the The British colony in Hong- The writer is at work in building up of foreign communi- kong holds a strategic position Hailar, a city 550 miles from ties, and the arrival of Jewish not only politically, but spir- Harbin, where few have learned traders with their non-Jewish itually. The city is at the thresh- of salvation through Christ. colleagues, have occurred during old of the greatest mission field Next door to the little chapel is the lifetime of many now living. on earth; a land of 450,000,000 a tin shop where a young Chris- Shanghai's senior Jewish resi- people of whom very few have tian makes kettles and stove dent has lived in the city sixty- understood, or even heard the pipes. The partition is of paper, nine years; her sister, born Gospel; among the Europeans, and the young tinner became a sixty-six years ago, was the first only a few acknowledge Christ Christian by what he heard Jewish native of the port. as Master. In view of this spir- through the partition. He ham- itual need, the coming of the mers away loudly most of the -International Committee evangelist, Mr. Edwin Orr, last day and night, but never while on Christian Approach October was prayerfully antici- services are in progress. He has to the Jews. pated. learned several Gospel hymns, and sings these lustily as he The Opium Campaign Two of the largest churches in works. Hongkong were. secured for the Much has been written about English services, and there were Hailar is notorious for gam- Japan's campaign to subdue the 250 to 300 people present at bling, opium dens, and other Chinese through opium, and the every meeting – which is to be wickedness, having, most likely, truth of the matter has been both regarded as wonderful, as co- the lowest percentage of Chrisaffirmed and denied. Dr. M. S. lonials are notoriously "tough." tians of any other provincial city Bates, an American missionary Mr. Orr began with the Chris- in Manchukuo. But many of the educator, has written "An Open tians, devoting the first four people are responsive to the Letter on the Narcotic Problem" nights to the need, the method Gospel. which has appeared in two lead- and the conditions for revival. ing Chinese papers. Dr. Bates The succeeding nights were Work in Tribal District says: "Fifty thousand people- given to the proclaiming of the one eighth of the population of Good News of God's grace to The China Inland Mission Nanking-are being slowly poi- sinners. In the first part of each finds a broad field for its minissoned today by heroin, supplied address Mr. Orr told of his ex- try in Yunnan. The capital of by Japanese – controlled d rug periences in different lands in the province, Kumming, is at an rings. Every month a minimum proving the faithfulness of God, altitude of 6,000 feet. Wuting, of $5,000,000 are being squeezed and how He answers prayer. fifty miles northwest, is in a from the impoverished Chinese The evangelistic appeals re- small plain. These two towns in the region by dope traffickers, sulted in conversions – some of are inhabited mostly by Chinese, belonging to or allied with, the them in the King's uniform. but in the surrounding hills are Japanese Army." Four groups thousands of Miao, Nosu, Lisu, are named as closely connected During the past two years, and other tribes. Several miswith this traffic: Hongkong has become a place of sionaries devote their whole time refuge for thousands of people, to these tribes with encouraging 1. The Special Service Section among them many Christians. results.. A little village 7,000 of the Japanese Army. feet high is the center of work -:-Life of Faith. among the Miao, and the average 2. The puppet administration attendance at Sunday service is of Nanking., Working on the Frontier from two to three hundred. Next to the chapel is a little room 3. "Independent" Japanese A missionary remarked that about eight by ten feet, which and Korean drug run- he never saw a smile or heard has been opened as a reading ners. joyful song in his field in India room and "place for discussing until people began to find Christ; the doctrine." Bibles and Tes- 4. Japanese business firms. now many both smile and sing. taments are on display and many At first, the minor key in every copies have been sold. Dr. Bates points out that a phase of life was almost more shorter-sighted greed cannot be than he could stand. In the A new avenue of service has imagined than that of destroy- Evangelical Christian is the tes- been opened among school boys ing a people on whom they must timony that the condition is true in the city of Wuting. In redepend for building up the kind of nation they expect to use in

sponse to a request, the mission 8.4 per cent. Eight years ago, volumes, besides tracts in great offers instruction in English on licensed prostitutes numbered number, of which more than condition that the Scriptures be 52,000; today, there are 45,000. 4,000,000 copies have been sold. used as a textbook. The class His most famous work is "The has an average attendance of Again, there is respect for Common People's Gospel," a twenty, and meets twice a week. labor. Manual labor was once simple but comprehensive man- for the outcast, but the position ual of the Christian faith. More -China's Millions. of laborers has been elevated. than 400,000 copies have been Another advance is a spirit of issued, and the annual sale stilI JAPAN-CHOSEN peace. The Japanese havanever averages 10,000. A Braille edi- been averse to war, but the pres- tion and a Korean translation "Business As Usual" ent war, they say, is a war for have also appeared. peace! It is at least a step in T. T. Brumbaugh has recently advance that they must find an Hundreds of Japanese owe returned to Japan after an ab- excuse for war. Finally, there is their conversion to the reading sence of nearly two years, and the spirit of service, introduced of this book-students, business reports in the Christian Century, by Protestant missionaries. Even men, and men of all classes. that an observer would see noth- the "Tendai Shu," a Buddhist Gamblers, drunkards, liquoring out of the ordinary. Jap- sect, has ordered every temple to dealers, criminals of all sorts anese passengers, bound for carryon art least one piece of so- owe to it their new life in Christ. home, had little to say about the cial service. A restaurant keeper of loose conflict in China. In religious morals studies it for a week and circles little difference was Control of Religious Bodies then in prayer receives forgivenoted. Ostensibly, Christians ness of sins. Such was the are loyal to their government, A bill to control religious or- change in his life that when he regardless of its leadership; ganizations is awaiting final ac- was later elected mayor of his prayers are offered for the tion, and seems likely to be town, no one called him by his preservation of the empire and passed. The bill provides that own name, but "Christ's mayor." the success of the army. They no religious body can be estab- To many of the dying this book urge that evangelization follow lished without the approva1 of has brought hope in last hours. the wake of the imperial army, the Minister of Education. In apparently not considering applying for approval, the doc- -Sunday School Times. whether conquest and mission- trine of the group must be subary endeavor are compatible. mitted, as well as a statement Missionary's Life Has Variety But with all this, the Christian covering its entire set-up, range groups are oases of brotherly of activities, etc. Any later al- Miss Virginia Mackenzie, of love. teration must have the govern- the Presbyterian Mission in ment's approval. Churches and Japan, has a new undertaking- There has been a falling off in pastors who violate the law are all in the day's work-teaching baptisms and even in Sunday subject to fine or imprisonment. English manners to a group of school enrolments during the eleven policemen, plain clothes past few years, but attendance The present bill does not pro- men in charge of investigating at divine services seem'l not to pose to deal with religion, per se, the foreigners that pass through have been affected except, pos- but with religious organizations. the city. They are a kindly sibly, for the better. Christian- in this it differs from previous group, anxious to do things i,ty is fundamentally contrary to efforts to regulate religion which pleasantly and correctly. On an the spirit of the age in this and were open to the charge of vio- average day they examine 160 other lands. Yet, deep down, lating the constitutional pro- non-Japanese travelers, most of most Japanese rejoice that "the vision, guaranteeing religious them either English – speaking, love of God is broader than the freedom. or able to use English. It is measure of man's mind." readily seen how mistakes, or Inasmuch as Christianity lack of politeness, even though Christian Achievements hitherto has had no legal status, unintentional, "can make for all all Christian communions and sorts of misunderstandings; and In his Fellowship Bulletin, local churches must take steps how important to have mis- Toyohiko Kagawa says that, to conform with the provisions understandings as few as poswhereas he was discouraged two of this law within two years sible, so that this effort becomes years ago, he now sees a brighter after its passage. Japanese a v e n t u rein international side and points to the following Christians feel that, on the friendship. achievements Cif the Christian whole, the bill is an advance for movement in Japan. He gives Christianity. Japanese-Korean Church first place to personal piety. Re- Union Discussed ligion was not taken seriously -The Living Church. until the missionaries came. The One of the mottoes of the day second is purity in home and so- Salvation Army Literature is "Japan-Chosen: one body," ciety, taught by the Christians. and its use is having the effect Forty years. ago the divorce rate Commissioner Yamamuro, Sal- of creating a willingness of the was 32 per cent i iu"1936, it was vation Army publicist and au- two Christian groups to unite. thor, has published over sixtY"

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

The Japanese and Korean Y. M. thought to this question. "All ture book. In the manger a black C. A.'s have already united. At that Buddha offered," said he, Papuan baby gurgled.

least the Korean churches in "I found in greater measure in -So S. Times.

Japan proper are likely to unite Christ." Admitting that some with the Japanese Church; in of Korea's best national traits Natives As Museum Exhibits the Methodist Church commit- were the outgrowth of Budtees have been appointed to draw dhism, he summed up his double The Netherlands Committee up plans and union evangelistic experience in two religions with for International Nature Protecservices are being held. The gap a series of contrasts: tion at its annual meeting in of racial feeling will be hard to Amsterdam, Holland, considered bridge, and it is yet to be seen "Buddha is a lover of solitude; the problem of protecting the how much actual union will re- Christ seeks us in life's thorough- primitive people in New Guinea. suIt from the tendency to coop- fares." The recent opening up of Dutch erate; yet the tide seems to be toward a coalition. "Buddha sits imperturbably as New Guinea has proceeded so races go by; Christ agonized on the rapidly that it was felt that Koreans in Tokyo Cross that new life might be open to ne~essary measures must be men." taken without delay for the pro- "Buddha offers release from life and tection of the inhabitants. With its ills; Christ offers more abundant life, in spite of its ills."

The past year has seen the "Buddha calls to meditation; Christ no advance preparation, ideas calls to the service of God and fellow most modern are suddenly thrust withdrawal of Chosen from all men." upon people most primitive. international organizations.

Every effort is being made to ISLANDS OF THE PACIFIC Two opposing opinions were preserve the evangelical Chris- disclosed at this meeting of the tian character of the Y. M. and Igorots Ordained Committee: one in favor of pre- Y. W. C. A., W. C. T. U., and The Igorot tribe in the Philip- serving a group of primitive peoother groups under Japanese di- pine mountains is barely two ple in their "stone age" culture, rection. generations removed from head- . shutting them off in a large re- hunting, and to large extent the serve from all foreign influences, Some 500 buildings prepared most primitive superstitions still including missions. In the interfor the Olympic Games that dominate their lives. It is neceswere to have been held in Tokyo sary to remember this in order est of science, a strictly limited have been bought by Koreans, to properly evaluate a recent contact would be allowed. On and ttre now filled mostly by low- event. After several years of the other hand, a group held that wage factory workers. A young training and experience in evan- the authorities had no right to Christian graduate was so ap- gelism, three young Igorots have deny to any people the right of palled by the neglected children been ordained to the ministry in making progress, and to conthat he started on Sundays to the cathedral at Manila. Hopes demn them to remain savages tell them stories of Jesus. At for a native-born ministry for and "museum-objects" for ever. first the parents objected, but these people have long been cher- The danger, it was argued, is soon appreciated the lessons in ished, but the mission staff has cleanliness and truth, so that been inadequate in numbers to not so much in civilization itself some 120 gathered in a vacant train the younger generation. as in abruptness of contact with lot each Sunday until snow and it. As for missions, it was cold made it impossible. Then agreed that their tribal religion six student helpers were en- should not be taken away from listed; paper, pencils and lesson helps were secured and classes Papuan Christmas these people without offering were started in both Korean and them a better one in its place.

An unusual celebration of -Aboriginees' Friend.

Christmas took place in Papua, Japanese. when five hundred Papuan men MISCELLANEOUS –Mrs. H. H. Underwood. and women gathered on the very American Tract Society hill where James Chalmers was Buddha or Christ? martyred half a century ago to Since 1825, the American sing Christmas carols and put Tract Society has been issuing Mr. Kim is a Korean who had on a pageant. The first time tracts, pamphlets, periodicals spent long years in patient pur- they came to a Christmas cele- and hymn books in many lan- suit of the Buddhist goal; then bration at this hill they were guages, and has been sending at last he found Jesus Christ, armed to the teeth; but now colporteurs to distribute them and put the same devotion into some of the world's most back- wmong neglected peoples of all his new faith as he had applied ward people, who could neither lands since 1840. Neglected to the old. A writer in Korean read nor write, were able to re- areas of our own country are de- Echoes tells of a conversation cite long passages of Scripture pendent upon this Society for lit- with Mr. Kim, when he asked and sing Christmas hymns. erature and colporteur service.

him what, in his experience, was Children on hands and knees Its Spanish periodical has a the difference between Buddhism represented a flock of sheep and weekly circulation of 19,000; its and Christianity. His answer a shepherd whose only idea of Polish periodical reaches 4,000 .~howed that he had given much his occupation came from a pic- hOmes.

~- '~

Our Missionary Bookshelf Books Briefly Reviewed for the Readers' Information The History of Christianity in Amer- own denomination as he sees it and church people or for any ica. ' By Frank Grenville Beardsley, who are honest and desire the Ph.D. 8vo. American Tract So- cast against the background of best for America – the best is ciety, New York. 1939. Christ and all for which He all the other denominations, as stands. The stories of many who Here is a great book. To call have been led into larger life and it history is hardly to do it jus- they have struggled together or service add to the interest and effectiveness of the volume. The tice. It is that, but it is no mere with each other to establish reli- book is a challenge to the dry factual statement of events Church. It is also a kaleidowith dates and places and gious opportunity in the life of scopic view of home missions, showing its beauties, but it deals names; rather it is an interest- America. MARK A. DAWBER. with so many phases, personaliing narrative, told in lucid and ties and elements that the piccharming style, of the develop- Homeland Harvest. By Arthur H. tures of various types of work Limouze. 211 pp. Index and bib- are not clear. The bibliography ment of religion and the Chris- liography. $1.00 cloth; 60 cents contains some books of doubtful tian church in America. paper. Friendship Press. New value from a Christian viewpoint York. 1939. and omits some of real value- Beginning with the Puritans particularly biographies and and the Pilgrims, the author Some pioneers went West for stories of pioneering. weaves his way through the the purpose of establishing thrilling experiences. that were homes for themselves; others Evangelism for the World Today. were drawn by a lust for gold; As Interpreted by Christian Leadso characteristic of men and re- others went in the spirit of ad- ers Throughout the World. Edited ligious movements in the settle- venture or to establish the by John R. Mott. 8vo. 295 pp. ment of the new world. The United States control over new Harper & Brothers, New York. founding of New England, the territory. But the greatest con- 1939. chartering of the colonies and tribution to the progress of the instigation of citizenship Christian civilization in Amer- The primary aim and the cenwere all an integral part of the ica was doubtless made by the tral task of the Christian Church religious enterprise. No one can missionaries who went with the is to "preach the Gospel to every distinct purpose to make friends creature" and to persuade all understand America, democracy, with the Indians and settlers and men to receive and obey Jesus or the American way of life who to win them to Christ and His Christ as their Saviour and is not familiar with the story of Way of Life. Without their Lord. the struggle to establish Chris- prayers, their faith, courage, tianity and freedom of religion vision and labors of love new Partly in preparation for the territory might have been con- recent Ecumenical Missionary on this continent. quered economically but the peo- Conference at Madras, Dr. John The rise and growth of the ple would have been generally R. Mott invited some 1~5 reli- lawless and godless. gious leaders throughout the Protestant denominations is world to answer three questions carefully but interestingly por- Dr. Limouze has written the on the meaning of evangelism. trayed. The development of the interesting and inspiring story Their replies, or the most relesects, the history of the great re- of what home missions have vant portions, have been made done for America-in establish- available in this attractive volvivals and their influence upon ing churches and schools, in giv- ume. American life, as also the vari- ing examples of Christian homes, ous allied movements and or- in helping to promote social wel- In his foreword, Dr. Mott arganizations-such as Boy Scouts, fare, and good government. He rests attention immediately by Lay men's Missionary Move- draws his illustrations from declaring that "nothing in the work with Indians and Orientals, religious realm is more evident ments, the Gideons, Y. M. C. A. the Negroes, mountaineers, and than the world-wide interest in and Y. W. C. A., Knights of others. He reports. results and evangelism, the world-wide con- shows the cost; he pictures pres- cern .regarding the need that Columbus, Jewish Associations, ent-day problems, difficulties, the the Salvation Army, to say noth- trends and the need for contining of the Ku Klux Klan – all uing and strengthening home have their niche in this religious mission work, all forces coopergallery of fame. ating. It is a book for pastors It is a great book that should [334 ] be read by every preacher. He will come from the reading of it with a better appreciation of his

OUR MISSIONARY BOOKSHELF SS5

only evangelism can meet, and the message. Some also seemed will shall be done in every area the world-wide manifestations to confuse the spirit of evan- of life. of evangelistic action." gelism with its essential content. Every missionary should be The attempt to define evan- In the section dealing with the equipped in life and message to gelism brought forth a variety "relevance of evangelism," the win men to a saving knowledge of conviction and expression. views of contributors were nat- of Jesus Christ. To win con- Many emphasize the presenta- urally colored by the environ- verts, however, is not enough; tion of the Gospel, the Word or ment in which they lived and the they must be gathered into a felthe Christ to individual man to characteristics of race, custom lowship, a Christian brotherhood the end that he may respond in or religion of the people whom and there learn how to be wittrust and obedience to Him as a they sought to evangelize or nesses and winners of souls. As Saviour and in the commitment Christianize. one said: "The most abiding of his whole life to doing God's evangelism is that which is the will. Others emphasize the Dr. Charles R. Erdman, Presi- expression of the life of the local presentation of the Go s pel dent of the Board of Foreign church." through example and deed, and Missions of the Presbyterian would include in evangelism any Church, U. S. A., declared: "In It is pointed out that some service that interpreted God's these days the aspects of the mission schools report few stumercy and love to man. Dr. Christian Gospel which are most dents won to Christ; other meth- Johannes Warneck of the Rhein- needed (and most neglected) are ods are ineffective; even direct isch Missionary Society, frankly those which are regarded as methods of evangelistic work declares that "evangelism is not supernatural and which have are ineffective unless the mesmerely an enlightenment. One been communicated by definite senger is on fire with love for cannot send away darkness first revelation. The great truths of souls, has a saving and positive and then bring light. . . . And the Incarnation and the Deity of message, gives it in the power it does not promise cultural Christ, of His atoning work, of of the Holy Spirit, and with tact, blessings. It is not our task to His regenerating power and of love and patience. Christ must make earthly living conditions His infallible teaching are of the be given His opportunity to win more favorable. . . . The mis- very essence of the Gospel." each person to Himself.

sion has no social mission. So- On the other hand, Dr. Doug- This volume may be used of cial uplift is according to our las Horton, General Secretary of God to put evangelism in its experience not a good prepara- the Congregational and Chris- place of primacy in the missiontion for the Gospel." tian churches said: "It seems to ary enterprise, and to inspire me that the psychological and Christian workers everywhere, On the other extreme we find sociological aspects of the Gos- through the faithful presenta- Dr. J. Leighton Stuart, Presi- pel are the most relevant in our tion of Him who is the only Redent of Yenching University, time." deemer of mankind, to seek and Peiping, calling attention to one to save those that are lost. aspect of evangelism out of his Others, while pointing out that own experience. "This," says the basic needs of men do not FRANCIS SHUNK DOWNS. he, "is the witness of institu- change, say that present world tions, educational, medical and conditions call for stressing the Christian Home Making. Edited by otherwise, in their corporate Christian message of hope, the Mrs. Robert E. Speer and Miss Concapacity. . . . The right attitude giving of Christian guidance to stance Hallock. A joint statement to current social, economical and intellectuals and business and prepared for the Madras Conferpolitical issues, and with the professional men, and for the ence of the International Missionquality of life which wins the ad- presentation of Christ as the ary Council. 141pp. $1.50. miration of the Chinese public, Prince of Peace. . . . is a form of evangelism." This small but important book In the section on the "Fruit- amplifies somewhat the report Probably the definition that fulness of Evangelism," empha- of the Committee on the Chrisgathers up the essentials of sis is laid on sending forth men tian Home which was prepared evangelism on the part of most and women who are "truly con- for presentation at the recent is expressed in the words of Dr. verted and deeply Spirit-filled," meeting of the International William Temple, Archbishop of on the "preaching of the Gospel Missionary Council at Madras. York: "To evangelize is to pre- in the power of the Holy Ghost," The central theme of the book sent Jesus Christ in the power a clear and intelligent grasp of of the Holy Spirit, that men the great essentials of evangeli- is~ shall come to put their trast in cal Christianity, a life that hides God through Him, to accept Him behind Christ when He is pre- To see the human home in the light as their Saviour, and serve Him sented as Saviour and Lord and of this fierce flame of perfection, to as their King in the fellowship yet which is so Christian and see where and how the leaven of of His Church." vital and genuine that it cannot Christ, working in our common life, be hidden; a presentation that has lifted us from one level to an- In some instances, the mean- not only secures a decision, but other, and to face these infinite reing of evangelism was confused an honest and intelligent desire sources of power that can enable us with the various methods em- to obey Christ, and that God's to go on steadfastly to higher and ployed in the interpretation of higher levels.

Written in careful collabora- tion by outstanding missionary workers at horne and abroad, the book presents the Essence of the

Christian Home, the RequisIte more consistently the colorful F. Ernest Johnson, L. Foster Training for Christian Home days when Dr. Coan resided in Wood, A. J. Muste, Benson Y. Making, and studies of homes the Near East. There might Landis, Allan Knight Chalin America, Africa, India, have been added a more com- mers, and Luman J. Shafer. The China, Japan, Brazil and Mos- plete and accurate statement of chapters are too short for adelem lands. In many instances the present situation. In his quate t rea t men t s of their and with vivid illustrations, non- excellent foreword Dr. Speer weighty themes, each one of Christian homes are des.cribed very properly calls attention to which might well require a sepand contrasted with "the new the fact that modern Iran is very arate volume. But the high things of today" which are different from Persia forty or competence of the writers and brought by the knowledge of fifty years ago. their skill in the condensed pres- Christ. The changing status of entation of their subjects have women, the influence of mission- The reader must be cautioned giV'en us a readable and very ary homes, the effect of Chris- not to accept this as a report of important contribution to the littian education and many other present-day missionary activity erature of one of the great probinfluences are carefully consid- in Iran and Kurdistan. The last lems of the modern Church. ered. Individuals and groups chapter unfortunately gives the will find this book offers an un- impression that the closing of ARTHUR J. BROWN. usual basis for the study of that the Urumia Station was an immost important subject-Chris- mediate result of the World War. Art of Conducting Public Worship. tian Home Making. No mention is made of the post- By Albert W. Palmer, D.D., LL.D. war reconstruction of Urumia 207 pp. $2.50. Macmillan, New MARY SCHAUFFLER PLATT. Station. We should remember York. 1939. that the Imperial Government Yesterdays in Persia and Kurdistan. of Iran paid the Presbyterian This is a book of deep interest By Frederick G. Coan. 284 pp. Board of Foreign Missions its to all ministers of non-Liturgi- $2.50. Saunders Studio Press, asking price for the property in cal churches, as well as to lay- Claremont, California. Urumia and has allowed the men who have the resiponsibility mission to continue employing of conducting devotional meet- In the preface Dr. Coan ex- native evangelists all through ings and public services of worplains that his object is "to give the Urumia plain since that date. ship. As President of Chicago an account of the human and ro- Theological S e min a r y after mantic aspects of the mission- Dr. Coan's stories of hair- years of experience as a pastor ary's life, to outline the experi- raising adventures of early mis- in Oakland California, Central ence of a life of service and a sionaries make exciting reading Union Church, Honolulu, and kind that, with a change of time, and give further evidence of the First Congregational Church of has become almost unique, and, courage and abiding faith of Oak Park, Ill. Dr. Palmer can above all, to present that side of these pioneers. The maps in the speak with authority and he the missionary's life that will end papers and the illustrations writes with enthusiasm and in a especially interest the young." are helpful but there is need for very practical way. He deals This purpose the author has ful- an index and a glossary explain- with the weaknesses and failfilled with a great degree of suc- ing the Near Eastern terms and ures in much public worship and cess. Certainly few modern phrases used throughout. clearly points out the causes. He volumes of fiction or travel de- treats the historical background scribe such rough and ready HERRICK B. YOUNG. of Christian worship and the existence and such hairbreadth primary significance of it, showescapes. The Church Faces the World. Edited ing what must happen if it is to by Samuel McCrea Cavert. 133 pp. remain worthy of the name. The early chapters are espe- $1.50. Round Table Press. New There is a chapter on the archicially valuable to the student of York. 1939. tectural setting. for worship, missionary activity in the Near which alone is worth the price East. Here Dr. Coan tells of the This small but important book of the book to any who are renotwenty-five years of pioneer was prepared for the Interna- vating, remodeling or building Rervice begun by his parents· in tional Missionary Council in new church edifices. There are 1851. The succeeding chapters Madras, India, last December. suggested patterns of worship deal chronologically with Dr. A commission of American services, and for special occa- Co-an's own colorful forty years Christians had been appointed sions. The two parts. 0'£ the among the Assyrians and min- to study the relation of the appendix are most helpful. "A" gling with the Kurds between Church to the changing social has a check list by which one Mosul, Tabriz, and the Turkish and economic order, and the re- may grade his own efforts. in frontier. Those who have had sults of the study are sum- conducting public worship, and the pleasure of knowing this vet- marized in the present volume. another check list for rating the eran missionary campaigner will The varied phases of the subject use of music in such services. read of his experiences with in- are discussed in ten chapters, "B" is an annotated book lis,t, terest. One could wish, however, by. John C. Bennett, H. Richthat the occasional references to ard Niebuhr, Samuel McCrea for those who wish to enhance modern Iran had been omitted Cavert (who, in addition, edited their skill in this art. so that the story would depict the volume and contributed the Introduction), John H. Reisner, R. C. WILLIAMSON.

List on Home Missions American Youth Commission of the The Red Man in the United

American Council on Education. By G. E. E. Lindquist. $3.50. GENERAL AND HISTORICAL $1.50. D. Appleton-Century Co. Doubleday, Doran. New York. New York. 1937. 1923. Christian Youth in Action. Frank W. Herriott. $1.00 cloth; 60 cents They Starve That We May Eat. MEXICANS AND ORIENTALS paper. Friendship Press. New Edith E. Lowry. 35 cents. Friend- IN AMERICA York. 1935. ship Press. New York. 1937. Mexican in the United States, The. God and the Census. Robert N. Mc- Races and Ethnic Groups in Amer- E. S. Bogardus. $1.60 cloth; $1.25 Lean. 50 cents cloth; 25 cents ican Life. T. J. Woofter. McGraw- paper. University of Southern Cali- paper. Friendship Press. New Hill Book Co. New York. 1932. fornia Press. Berkeley. 1934. York. 1931. THE CITY Orientals in American Life. Albert Homeland Harvest. Arthur H. W. Palmer. $1.00 cloth; 60 cents Limouze. $1.00 cloth, 60 cents City and Church in Transition. Mur- paper. Friendship Press. 1934. paper. Friendship Press. New ray H. Leiffer. $2.50. Willett, York. 1939. Clark & Co. Chicago. 1938. ALASKA AND THE WEST They Came Seeking. Coe S. Hayne. Urban Scene. Margueritte Harmon The Story of Alaska. Clarence L. $1.00. Judson Press. Philadelphia. Bro. 25 cents paper. Illustrated. Andrews. Enlarged edition, $4.00. 1935. Friendship Press. New York. 1938. Caxton Printers. Caldwell, Idaho. 1938. Toward a Christian America. Her- City Man. Charles Hatch Sears. mann N. Morse. $1.00. Friendship Special paper edition, 75 cents. Sheldon Jackson. Robert Laird Press. New York. 1935. Friendship Press. New York. 1938. Stewart. Revell. New York. 1908.

American Saga: The History of Lit- City Shadows. Robert W. Searle. Alaskan Adventures. L. Wirt. $1.50. erature of the American Dream of $1.00 cloth; 60 cents paper. Friend- Revell. New York. 1937. a Better Life. Marjorie Barstow ship Press. New York. 1938. Greenbie. $4.00. Whittlesey House. Henry Harmon Spalding: Pioneer of New York. 1939. RURAL LIFE Old Oregon. Clifford Merrill Drury. $3.00. Caxton Printers. Caldwell, Daniel Boone and the Wilderness Christ of the Countryside. Malcolm Idaho. 1936. Road. H. A. B. Bruce. $1.75. Mac- Dana. $1.00. Cokesbury Press. millan. New York. 1910. Nashville. 1937. Marcus Whitman. Clifford Merrill Drury. $5.00. Caxton Printers. Epic of America, The. J ames Tru- Christian Enterprise Among Rural Caldwell, Idaho. 1937. slow Adams. $1.29. Blue Ribbon People, The. Kenyon L. Butter- Books, Inc. New York. 1936. field. $1.50. Cokesbury Press. Vanguard of the Caravans: A Life Nashville. 1928. Story of John Mason Peck. Coe Frontier Spirit in American Chris- Hayne. $1.00. Judson Press. tianity, The. Peter G. Mode. Mac- Rebuilding Rural America. Mark A. Philadelphia. 1931. millan. New York. 1923. Dawber. $1.00 cloth; 60 cents paper. Friendship Press. New York. 1937. AMERICAN CHURCH AND THE March of Faith, The: The Story of CHRISTIAN MESSAGE Religion in America Since 1865. America Begins Again. Katherine William E. Garrison. $2.50. Harper Glover. Illus. $2.75. Whittlesey Christianity-and Our World. John & Bros. New York. 1933. House. New York. 1939. C. Bennett. 50 cents. Association Press. New York. 1936. Right Here at Home. Frank S. Mead. THE NEGRO AND THE $1.00. Friendship Press. New AMERICAN INDIAN Church and State in Contemporary York. 1939. America. Williams Adams Brown. American Race Problems: A Study $2.75. Scribner's. New York. Story of Missions, The. Edwin E. of the Negro. Edward B. Reuter. 1936. White. $1.00. Friendship Press. 2nd. rev. ed. $3.00. Thomas Y. New York. 1926. Crowell Co. New York. 1938. Church Looks Ahead, The. American Protestant Christianity: an Analy- Wagons West: A Story of the Oregon Twelve Negro Americans. Mary sis and Forecast. Charles E. Scho- Trail. Elizabeth Page. Farrar & Jenness. $1.00. Friendship Press. field, Ed. $3.00. Macmillan. New Rinehart. New York. 1930. New York. 1937. York. 1933.

We Must March. Honore Willsie Brown America. Edwin R. Embree. Church Unity Movements in the Morrow. A. L. Burt Co. New $1.25. Special Friendship Press United States. H. Paul Douglass. York. 1927. Edition. New York. 1937. Institute of Social and Religious Re- search. New York. 1934. PRESENT-DAY PROBLEMS Story of the American Negro, The. Ina Corinne Brown. $1.00 cloth, 60 Evangelism i,n a Changing W orId. Alien Americans: A Study of Race cents paper. Friendship Press. Ambrose M. Bailey. $1.50. Round Relations. Bertram J. O. Schrieke. New York. 1937. Table Press. New York. 1936. $21.50. Viking Press. New York. American Indian and Christian Mis- U. S. Looks at Its Churches, The. Christian F a i t h and Economic sons, The. George W. Hinman. C. Luther Fry. Institute of Social Change. Halford E. Luccock: $2.00. $1.50. Revell. New York. and Religious Research. New York. Abingdon Press. New York. 1936. 1930. Story of the Red Man, The. Flora Christianity and Industry in America. W. Seymour. $5.00. Longmans, PROGRAMS AND POLICIES OF Alva W. Taylor. Friendship Press. Green & Co. New York. 1929. HOME MISSIONS New York. 1933. Cry Dance. Coe Hayne. $2.00 (Fic- Christian Mission in America, The. Pioneering on Social Frontiers. tion). Harper & Bros. New York. Hugh T. Kerr. $1.00. Friendship Graham Taylor. $4.00. University 1939. Press. New York. 1933. of Chicago Press. Chicago. 1930. Facing the Future in Indian Missions. Home Missions Today and Tomor- Protestant Churches and the Indus- Lewis Meriam and George W. Hin- row: A Review and a Forecast. trial Crisis. E. B. Chaffee. Mac- man. $1.00. Friendship Press. Hermann N. Morse, Ed. 75 cents millan. New York. 1933. New York. 1932. paper. Home Missions Council. New York. 1934. How Fare American Youth? Homer Indian Americans. Winifred Hulbert. P. Rainey and others. Report to Friendship Press. New York. What Next in Home Missions? Wil- 1932. liam P. Shriver. 50 cents. Friend- ship Press. New York. 1928.

THE FAMILY ALTAR RETURN?

The increased use of a daily devotional guide among Protestants of all faiths gives hope and encouragement for the return of the family altar. By far, the largest circulated of these devotional guides is THE UPPER ROOM The World's Leading Devotional Periodical Read Daily in a Million Homes Are the homes represented in your church using it? . The issue for July, August, and September is now ready for distribution. Place an order today for as many copies as you need. Use our consignment plan. Ten or more copies, shipped to one address, to be sold at five cents per copy, with the< privilege of returning unsold copies at our expense. Yearly subscriptions, 30 cents postpaid; foreign, 40 cents. Send all orders to THE UPPER ROOM Doctors' Building, Nashville, Tennessee

The Missionary Review of the World — December 1934

1934

Ancient Persia Goes Modern H. A. Lichtwardt Present-Day Shinto in Japan Albertus Pieters Present Value of Medical Missions Nathaniel Bercovitz Evangelization … in This Generation Kenneth Scott Latourette The Second Coming of Christ Henry W. Frost Go, Preach the Good News James H. Nicol

to Remember ABSOLUTELY FREE!

December 4-7-Federal Council of A CHRISTMAS GIFT EVERY MONTH FOR YOURSELF the Churches of Christ in America, AND A WORTHWHILE GIFT TO A FRIEND Biennial Meeting, Dayton, Ohio. God so loved the world that He gave His Son December 9-Universal Bible Sunday. Christ so loved mankind that He gave His life January 6-12-Universal Week of Millions of men and women have never even heard of this gift Prayer. of love. As a result they have not the benefits of this gift. What are you doing to make God's gift known? January 22 – February 16 – Cornell School for Missionaries, Cornell, Scripture Text Calendar, 1935 THE MISSIONARY N.Y. ~~W>RID FLORIDA CHAIN OF MISSIONARY Size of Calendar, 9% xl6 inches Makes known, month by ASSEMBLIES month, the need of men. FEATURES-This nationally ad- January 26-30-0rlando. vertised Messenger Scripture Text Cal- It describes January 27-30-Deland. endar has thirteen full-color copies of The wonderful work of God in January 30-February 1-Palm Beaches religious paintings of suitable size for February 2-7-Miami. framing. Brief stories of the, pictures. all parts of the world. February 7-8-Bradenton. Daily Scripture quotations. Schedule Carried on by all evangelical February 7-8-Fort Myers. showing how to read the Bible through February 9-15-St. Petersburg. in a year. Golden Texts for Interna- agencies. February 10-13—Clearwater. tional Sunday School lessons. Flower The spread of the Gospel in all February 13-1S-Tampa. and birthstone of each month. Pre- February 17-19-Lakeland. ceding and following month on each lands. February 17-19-Winter Haven. page. Phases of the moon, tides, holi- The transformation of men in February 19-21-Gainesville. days, etc. Value, 30 cents each. February 23-26—Jacksonville. all lands. The modern Miracles of Mis- To Rid Ohina of Leprosy SIons. Rev. T. C. Wu, M.A., B.D., the general secretary of the Chinese Mission Why not send THE REVIEW to Lepers, reports that he has found to your Friends-to some pas- Kwantung and Fukien Provinces to tor, missionary, parent, teacher? be most heavily infected with leprosy; It will bring the Christ Message Yunnan, Kwangsi and Kweichow are every month. This message second; Anwhei, Hupeh, Hunan and brings joy-peace-life. Kiansi third; Shantung fourth; Kiangsu and Chekiang fifth; and Shensi, Will you give as God has Kansu, and Manchuria with lesser given to you-FREELY? numbers. The total of China's lepers is estimated to be at least half a mil- CHRISTMAS CARD BOX ASSORTMENT lion. This gift box contains sixteen beautiful cards Mr. Wu's tours throughout China and folders, each with a Christmas sentiment, have resulted in the formation of engraved Bible text and an envelope to match. many local auxiliaries, and in the Every Scripture text card you mail will bear a establishment of leper hospitals at Christian greeting. The quality and variety of strategic centers. One of these, the both message and design found in our cards are Nanchang Leprosarium, was the first most attractive. They are produced by one of to be built solely through the efforts the finest art lithograph houses in America. of the Chinese. A campaign has been Value, 50 cents. conducted, under Mr. Wu's leadership, to have leprosy prevention informa- NOTIFICATION CARD tion presented to the public through posters, pamphlets, and text books. If desired, with every Christmas gift subscrip- The Nationalist Government was led tion we will send free one of our beautiful notification cards, size 5!4 x3!4 to enact suitable leprosy legislation inches, in colors. and to include "ridding China of leprosy" in its public health program. With every SUbscription we offer to send you FREE either The first National Leprosy Conference a box of assorted Christmas cards or two Scripture Text ever held in China was another proj- Calendars. ect of the Chinese Mission to Lepers whose latest step has been the spon- Send in your list of Christmas gift subscriptions today. We will send THE soring of a campaign to build a model MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD and Notification Card in time to National Leprosarium in Shanghai, reach their destination for Christmas, and your premium selection to you promptly. as a treatment center for Shanghai's estimated 2,000 lepers and as a dem- Subscription price, United States and Canada, $2.50; foreign countries, $J. onstration center' for the training of nurses and doctors in the care of Subscription Department leprosy. MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD Mr. Wu was educated at Shanghai Baptist College, and has also studied Third and Reily Streets, Harrisburg, Pa. in America at Rochester Theological Seminary, at Columbia University and THIS OFFER IS ONLY GOOD UNTIL DECEMBER 25, 1934 Chicago. Returning to China in 1919, he' founded and became pastor of the • North Shanghai Baptist Church, resigning this post to assist in organizing the movement which has given China a place of leadership and influence among the nations seeking to banish leprosy from the world.

MISSIONARY Personal

REVIEW OF THE WORLD Dr. William B. Millar, former gen- • DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Editor eral secretary of the New York Fed- eration of Churches, has been made with SPEED VOL. LVII DEC. 1934 No. 12 secretary of the Motion Picture Foun- COMFORT dation of the United States, recently ECONOMY Publication and Business Omce organized. The Foundation will com- Third a.nd Reily Sts., Harrisburg, Pa. bat undesirable motion pictures by EmpresJ ofJapan . .. queen of the Pacifi~ supporting or actually subsidizing GO DIRECT … reach Yokohama in Editorial and Executive Omee good pictures, giving financial aid to 10 days on the fast sister-ships, 156 Fifth Avenue, New York City independent producers of motion pic- Empress ofRflSjia and Empress ofAsia Entered as second-olass matter at tures who show a high moral tone. … the Pacific's shortest, fastest Post Omee, Ha.rrlsburg, Pa., under Act crossing. of March 3, 1879. *** OR VIA HONOLULU •.• the Empress oj 25 cents a copy-$2.50 a year. Japan (fastest liner on the Pacific) Foreign Postage, 50 cents a year. Rev. Ren Da Ling, graduate of the and Empress ofCanada reach Hono- Published monthly, except August. Baptist Seminary, University of lulu in 5 days, Yokohamainjust8 All rights reserved. Copyrighted 1934. Shanghai, is the first pioneer mission- days more. ary to enter the land of Mongolia un- REDUCED ROUND -TRIP FARES ••• MISSIONARY REVIEW PUB- der support of the Chinese Home Orient fares include passage from LISHING CO., INC. Missionary Society. He is supported Seattle. Luxurious First, excellent entirely by Chinese Christians. Tourist, low-priced Third Class. BOARD OF DIRECTORS FREQUENT SAILINGS ••• from Van· RoBERT E. SPEER, President *** couver (trains to ship-side) and WM. 1. CHAMBERLAIN, Vloe-Presldent Victoria. Orient ports-of-calI: WALTER McDOUGALL, Treasurer Dr. John W. Bradbury has resigned Yokohama, Kobe, Nagasaki, DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Seoretary his pastorate of the Wadsworth Ave- Shanghai, Hong Kong, Manila. SAMUEL MCCREA CAVERT nue Baptist Church, New York City, Booklets, information . .. from your MR8. ORRIN R. JUDD to join the editorial staff of the own travel agent or any Canadian WM. B. LIPPHARD Watchman-Examiner. Dr. Bradbury Pacific office in N ewYork, Boston, ERIC M. NORTH is widely known through his writing Chicago, St. Louis, San Francisco, MILTON T. STAUFFER and preaching. Montreal, Toronto, Vancouver, A. L. WARN8HUIS Winnipeg, and many other cities SAMUEL M. ZWEMER *** in United States and Canada.

Editorial Chat The Rev. Harold H. Kelley, of Los Angeles, has been appointed superin- The Editor and the Directors of tendent of the Seamen's Church In- THE REVIEW heartily wish our read- stitute of New York. He succeeds the ers, and missionary-minded Christians late Rev. A. R. Mansfield. everywhere, a most Joyous Christmas and blessed. New Year. The only *** reason for the existence of THE RE- VIEW is the great Advent that we com- The Rt. Rev. Derwyn T. Owen, memorate at Christmas time. Christ D.D., Bishop of Toronto, has been is also the only hope for a truly elected Primate of All Canada, suc~ Happy New Year in any heart and in ceeding the Most Rev. C. L. Worrell, any part of the world. Archbishop of Nova Scotia, who re- cently died in Halifax. *** *** The coming year will be full of problems, and of opportunities, as is Dr. Alexander Hodge, of London, a true of years that are passed. One of these problems you can help solve graduate of Spurgeon College, has if you will take the opportunity to speak a good word for THE REVIEW been installed as pastor of the Baptist and the work for which we live and labor, and will do what you can to Tabernacle, Auckland, New Zealand, increase the number of subscribers. Help us to circulate our special num- where he suceeds the late Rev. Joseph bers and to promote interest in missions by leading others to read THE W. Kemp. He is regarded as one of REVIEW. If what readers say is any criterion, both you and they will be the most promising younger Christian gratified over the result. scholars and evangelical ministers of Here is a quotation from a recent letter: the conservative British Baptists. The Auckland Tabernacle is one of the '.'We are always glad to push the strongest churches in New Zealand sale of the MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD and at our National Con- and has connected with it an excellent vention I shall be glad to have extra Bible Training School for Christian copies and call attention to them by a special poster. We always list the Workers. special numbers in our monthly magazine in connection with Mission *** Study material. We also recommend them in our monthly program. Dr. Robert R. Moton, for nineteen "It is always a pleasure to us to years principal of Tuskegee Institute, forward the interests of the REVIEW, is resigning from that important powhich we feel is indispensable to our sition. Dr. Moton is 68 years of age work." and will retire May 1, 1935. He has MRS WYTHE F. MOREHEAD, Executive Secretary, Literature been called the "Elder Statesman" of 12,000,000 American Negroes. After Committee, Woman's Mission- 25 years at Hampton Institute he was ary Society, The United Lu- theran Church in America, called to succeed Booker T. Washing- Philadelphia. Pa. ton at Tuskegee in 1916.

*** Miss Michi Kawai, author of "Jap- anese Women Speak," is filling speak- ing engagements in the Middle West and in December will be on the Pa- cific Coast. She sails for Japan about Christmas time.

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TIlliE-HONORED BURDEN-BEARERS OF PERSIAN

lIOOERN CARS AND AUTO-BUSSES SPEED UP LIFE IN TEHERAN OLD AND NEW METHODS OF TRANSPORTATION IN PERSIA

NARY

REVIB ORLD VOLUME LVII AN INTERDENOMINATIONAL REVIEW OF WORLD-WIDE CHRISTIAN PROGRESS NUMBER TWELVE DECEMBER, 1934 Tapies of the Times CHRISTMAS AND THE CHRISTIAN Jesus himself proclaimed that He "came into Can a Christian be uncooperative in Christian the world to save sinners." History makes clear missionary work? That many who profess to be that men of all nations have made shipwreck of Christians are not missionary minded is self-evi- their lives. They have broken God's laws and as dent. They do not even claim to be interested. a result their lives have been destined for the The same anomoly applies to Christmas. Many scrap heap. They are like automobiles that have who celebrate the coming of Christ into the world failed to fulfill the purpose of the Maker so that seem to have no real interest in the work He came they need to be remade-to be saved-if they are to do. They join in the annual celebration but that again to function properly. is all. This is true in lands where Christ is generally know'll and widely acknowledged, as well as All that Jesus did on earth was done for the in nonchristian lands. In India, China and Japan, purpose of "saving the lost"; men who had lost and even among Moslems, one sees Christmas the way in the world; had lost their contact with decorations and festivals and the exchange of God; had lost their power and purpose. To seek· gifts. But the promotion of the Christmas spirit and to save men Jesus Christ came to reveal God is too often for social and commercial reasons and to men-in the fulness of His love and power. is not based on any desire to commemorate the He came to redeem men who were slaves of sin birth of Jesus Christ. Nevertheless the prevailing and under penalty for broken laws. He came to spirit of joy, of unselfish thought of others, and a show what men are intended to be and may bedesire to spread peace and goodwill among men come in the purpose of God. He came to make of all ages and classes and races, is something to clear that life on earth is but thEt threshold of a be fostered and promoted even though it fails to larger life, the school in which to prepare us for express the heart of the Christmas message. "God eternal life with God. is love . . . . . . if we love one another, God dwells in us and His love is perfected in us." Jesus came to bring joy to men, but it is the joy that follows release from bondage, the experience But the meaning of Christmas and the heart of of full fellowship with one another and harmony the Christmas message is not revealed in the spir- with God. Jesus Christ completed His work-the it of friendly joy and good fellowship, nor in the work of revelation and redemption-but He left giving and receiving of presents that bring pleas- His followers to complete the work of making ure to the recipient and profit to the tradesman. known the "Good News" to others. The heart of the Christmas message is the "Good News" that Jesus Christ brought when He came Nineteen hundred years ago He commissioned into the world over nineteen hundred years ago. us to carry the Christmas message, the Gospel, by word and life, into all the world; and yet today at least two-thirds of mankind have no clear knowledge of this Gospel. Too often the deeds of How then can anyone truly celebrate Christmas professing Christians have shouted so loud that and at the same time fail to be vitally interested the world cannot hear what our lips testify of in Christian missions? We enjoy Christmas mu- Christ. While the Christmas spirit of giving and sic; we give Christmas presents; we join in love is expressed by gifts and songs, does ;not the Christmas festivals and listen to Christmas mes- anti-Christmas spirit prevail through the year- sages-but what are we doing to complete the the spirit of selfish getting and indifference to the work which Christ Jesus came to do and which temporal and eternal welfare of our fellowmen He has entrusted to those who believe in Him? and women?

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Christmas celebrations are a mockery unless in these sufferers and to stir up governments to they are dominated by the spirit of Christ. This make adequate provision for them and the study spirit of One who gave Himself is best expressed of their disease; (4) to promote steps to rid the by giving ourselves to His service for the redemp- world of leprosy-by prevention, segregation, the tion of our fellow men, to carry out the purpose proper care and medical treatment of lepers, and and program of Christ. Can anyone be a true through a scientific study of the disease. Christian and be lacking in missionary mindedness? Those who would truly celebrate Christmas The problem is as yet far from solved. Much and show the Christmas spirit will feel no indif- has been learned about leprosy; thousands of sufference to the needs of men and progress of Chris- ferers have been comfortably housed; good food tian missions. "Let this mind be in you which and medical treatment have lessened their sufferwas also in Christ Jesus," who, "being rich, for ing; many have been discharged as cured or the our sakes became poor that we through His pov- disease arrested. Homes for untainted children erty might become rich." of lepers have been founded and the coming gen- eration have thus been saved from contamination. THE MISSION TO LEPERS More than this, healthful occupations, have been provided; hope has been given them and thou- One of the most unique and Christ-like pieces sands, who have come to know Christ as their of mission work in the world is The Mission to Saviour, have experienced the joy of new life in Lepers which celebrated this year its diamond Him. The only happy lepers in the world live in jubilee. It was founded sixty years ago in a draw- these mission homes where the love of Christ preing room near Dublin, Ireland, by Wellesley C. vails. Bailey. Thirty-seven years later the American branch of the Mission was organized and was in- But the vast undone overshadows the work accorporated in 1920 as The American Mission to complished. The American Mission to Lepers is Lepers. Christians have long been interested in carrying a large share of the work-in China, lepers; .for centuries isolated missionaries, like Japan, Korea, Siam, the Philippines, India, Per- Father Damien and Francis of Assisi, have sia, Africa and Latin America. The British Comworked among them here and there, but never, mittee is responsible for the work in India and until Mr. Bailey had it laid upon his heart, was Burma, Palestine and Syria. It is an interdenomany systematic effort made to interest people in inational work in which the Mission builds the the whole world problem, and to minister to their hospitals and supplies funds for running expenses needs wherever these sufferers are found. while the denominational boards support their own missionary workers who superintend the hos- Wellesley Bailey was a missionary in India and pitals. The need is great. was deeply impressed with the sufferings of lepers and their neglected condition. He was convinced The reports given at the recent annual meeting that the love of Christ must constrain His follow- of the American Mission show that this Christers to seek to obey His command: "Cleanse the like work has been wonderfully blessed. Christlepers" both physically and spiritually. mas is a great time for lepers and gifts of extra food and clothing have brought joy to hundreds Sixty years ago there was very little being done under Christian care in all parts of the world. In for the 2,000,000 or more lepers of the world, cleansing the lepers, physically and spiritually, we scattered over Asia, Africa, South America and minister not only to them but to ourselves and to the Islands of the Sea. Today as an outgrowth of Christ.* Mr. Bailey's work there are some 180 leper hospitals and settlements at which lepers are cared A REMARKABLE MASS MOVEMENT for by Protestant mission workers of many denominations in forty-four countries. These mis- Dansk Missionsblad calls attention to a remarksions are helping about 11,000 (not including able movement which suddenly and unexpectedly government institutions) lepers out of the 2,000,- has created problems that may prove to be of far 000 sufferers from this disease in all lands. Mr. reaching importance. Several thousand former Bailey still lives in Great Britain at the age of Roman Catholics of the lower classes have come eighty-eight and has the rare privilege of seeing to ask for reception into the Lutheran Church. the work which he started, under the guidance of God, extending its Christlike ministry in all parts In the Trichinopoly and Tanjore there are large of the world where lepers are found. areas where the Catholic influence is so great that in some places, where there are no evangelical The fourfold purpose of the mission is (1) to Christians at all, there are thousands of Roman minister to the physical needs of lepers; (2) to Catholics. Among them the caste question seems proclaim to them the Gospel of Christ and min- to loom large, the upper classes being privileged, ister to their spiritual life ; (3) to awaken interest • Gifts may be sent to the American Mission to Lepers, Inc., Flem- Ing H. Revell, Treas., 156 Fifth Avenue, New York. Dr. William J. Scheffelin is President and William M. Danner, General Secretary.

TOPICS OF THE TIMES

having beautiful churches and other advantages State interference. The Socialistic state believes setting them above the lower castes. Great oppo- in a totalitarian State with the State dominant sition has made itself felt among the lower castes, and no interference by the Church in politics, edu- especially under the influence of the Self-respect cation or business. Formerly in Roman Catholic Movement which has been stirring up the people and Moslem countries it was a question of liberty with promises of social equality and similar ad- or the dictatorship of the Church; today in many vantages. Under the agitations of agents three lands the conflict is between liberty and State dic- year:s ago many thousands of people left the Ro- tatorship. In Mexico any property used for edu- man Church without seeking affiliation with any cational purposes reverts to the State. It is ru- other. Their hopes were far from being realized mored that all Roman Catholic churches may be and since the Indian soul is essentially religious, closed as a result of the present dispute. Under and these people have lost confidence in the Ro- the Mexican constitution any Mexican receiving man Church they are turning in great numbers to appointment or commission from a foreign power the Lutherans. In a meeting which was said to (and the Pope is such) loses his nationality-and represent 30,000 people, they resolved formally to therefore priests of Rome, engaged in propaganda, turn to the great Tamil Church and the Leipzig are subject to expUlsion.

Mission which stands back of it. We cannot ignore the fact that the .Roman A commission, composed of Missionaries Fryk- Catholic Church, which was dominant in Mexico holm and Wangsjo of the Swedish Mission and for so many years, failed to educate or uplift the Dr. Grafe from the old Leipzig Mission, traveled people economically or socially. After four hun- all over the affected area and their report of the dred years of the monoply of education, 85% of investigations was recently published in Svenska the people were in dire poverty. In the fourteen Kyrkans Missionstidning. The commission was years since the State has taken over responsibility everywhere received in large gatherings and with for education, illiteracy has reduced to 35% and much ceremony. Their Indian speakers expressed economic and social conditions have been greatly their intentions of joining the Lutheran Church improved. The question now is-To what will and assured the commission that the spiritual the people be educated? Will they use their knowl- urge was the most important motive. They em- edge for the benefit of the whole country and will phasized the fact that great difficulties would at- there be liberty to worship God and to teach the tend their return to the Roman Church and that rising generation to know, to worship and to serve they expected no material benefits from joining Him. The Protestants of Mexico do not object to the Lutherans. the State control of education, provided that the While some of the motives do not seem entirely State does not prohibit or limit religious education clear and in several meetings representatives of and the worship of God as He is revealed in Jesus the Self-respect Movement seemed to be among Christ.

the prominent speakers, the commission was per- suaded that the movement deserves earnest con- PROTESTANT EPISCOPAL PROGRESS sideration.-C. Theodore Benze. This body of evangelical Christians, that has CHURCH AND STATE IN MEXICO recently held its General Convention in Atlantic City (October 10 to 20), voted to retain the name Now the Chamber of Deputies, the lower house Protestant. Thus they continue to link them- of the Mexican Government, has unanimously selves with those who have "protested" against voted to deport all Roman Catholic bishops and the abuses of the Papacy, while they continue also archbishops from Mexico on the ground that they to claim that they have always been truly "Cath- have engaged in subversive propaganda. This ac- olic."

tion is in line with the policy to exclude religious The convention in the great auditorium some- teaching from all schools so that the Government times numbered over 30,000 people including over can have full control of the education of the peo- one hUlidred bishops and a choir of nearly one ple. The archbishops and bishops are fighting thousand voices. The convention was dramatic against communistic or socialistic teaching l;tnd and even sensational at many points. On October thus the Church is considered an enemy of the 14th there was a "youth demonstration" when a State, which is endeavoring to control the press, seemingly endless line of hundreds of young peo- the schools, the industries, and the government. ple from six to sixteen years of age from all over The Roman Catholic Church believes in a union of the land, filed into the hall and listened to a stir- Church and State, with the Church dominant. ring address by Bishop James E. Freeman, of Protestants believe in the separation of Church Washington.

and State with the Church free to promote the re- The formal presentation of the United Thank ligious and spiritual life of the people without Offering, contributed by the women during the

past three years, was taken up by 150 members State, the new Reich Church proposes to provide of the Girls' Friendly Society at the corporate Nazidom with an alliance of Christianity with communion service of the women. The total Nationalism and Socialism on a cooperative basis.

amount of the offering was announced as $807,- This has led to the clash between "German Chris- 747.87. tians" and the conservative Evangelical Chris- At a joint session of bishops and deputies, the tians.

Presiding Bishop emphasized the fact that mis- Roman Catholics have been invited to join the sionary work is the chief business of the church, new Reich Church, but they have refused to let saying: their Church be used to further the ends of the "Weare here as Christian men and women to Nazi State. Some Protestants, on the other hand, perform the chief work which Jesus Christ has have cooperated with the State. The present con- committed to us. The whole membership of the flict is between German Christians who approve, church is embraced in the Domestic and Foreign and those who oppose this surrender.

Missionary Society. Tlle foundation stone of In spite of official optimism, the experiment with faith is loyalty of the individual to His Lord. the Church is not showing signs of a successful "Missionary work is the work of carrying out result. Some think that under the Reichsbishop the mission of our Lord Jesus Christ to the world. the Protestant Churches would eventually become This work is seriously hampered and endangered Free Churches, as in America, while others pre- by lack of support. Vacancies in the field cannot dict a more complete domination of the Church by be filled; volunteers for service must be turned the State. The situation may grow worse before away and work on the mission field must be a final settlement is reached.

closed." Current national problems affect all religious as This is true both at home and abroad. America well as political thinking and give color to the must not be allowed to become pagan. There is idea that "Germany needs her own type of Chris- need for vision, for courage and for self-sacrifice tianity." The widespread enlistment of the youth, in loyalty to Christ. A deficit of $529,804 was the unemployed, and the able-bodied men and reported in the missionary treasury. At the mis- women in the regimented political organizations sionary mass meeting, a young man knelt at the of the Nazi Party tend to popularize the slogan, altar and then made an inspiring appeal for a "One People, One Nation, One Church."

truly sacrificial offering. Only $5,000 had been The enthusiasm that has marked the political received from over 25,000 people. He pleaded that revival under Adolph Hitler was brought into the those who really cared would reach into their church by men who have banded themselves to- pockets and bring a ten-dollar bill or whatever gether and, according to Hitler's wish, called them- they could to the steps of the altar and lay it there selves 'German Christians.''' These men, led by with a prayer for the mission of the church. He Hossenfelder and Ludwig Mueller, a former naval led the way to the steps and, kneeling there alone, chaplain, resolved to reorganize the "church of placed the first offering. There was a breathless the people." From the start there was no clear moment of surprise, and then the Holy Spirit distinction between religion and politics.

moved that great gathering and they began to It is too early to judge the controversy object. come forward-at first by twos and threes, and ively. There will be a fight to the finish unless a then by hundreds and thousands until the mis- great Reformer appears to bring unity out of the sionary bishops had to act as ushers to guide the present division. The press is muzzled and men vast crowds. There were tears in many eyes, as learn little of what is going on; they see effects men and women old and young, bishops, priests without knowing their cause. The bad effects of the and laity, surged forward and placed $7,916 more struggle have cast a blighting shadow on the spiron the altar. itual health of the nation. The removal of 800 * GERMAN PROTESTANTS PROTEST clergy from office by the Reichsbishop belies the claim of liberty of conscience or of speech. The Protestantism in Germany is in a crucial state dissolution of the Protestant youth organizations in a great experiment. The Hitler Government and their merging into the Hitler Youth deprives has attempted to merge Lutheran, Reformed and the Church of its former influence on the younger Prussian Unionist churches into a new National generation. Nazi thought welcomes the help of the German Church. Protestants the world over have Church but does not protect it from the aggressive been anxiously waiting to see what will happen. so-called new heathenism and its unchristian standards of morality. The Aryan paragraph pro- Organized on the same principle of leadership motes racial discrimination and thwarts the uni- -the "Fuehrerprinzip"-that underlies the Nazi versality of the Gospel.

* This account of conditions In Germany Is written by a Lutheran C. THEODORE BACHMANN.

theological student w'ho spent the past summer In Germany.

PERSIAN PULLMAN CARS). ONE ON EACH SIDE OF A CAMEL ACCOMMODATES A WOMAN AND

Ancient Persia Goes Modern By H. A. LICHTWARDT, M.D.

American Hospital, Hamadan, Persia PERSIA, to many people, is just a word that itation, and had some fine sculptors, wonderful brings up visions of camel caravans winding artists and brilliant painters. their way along endless desert trails; of sweet-throated nightingales singing their beauti- Various factors entered into the decadence of ful songs in the deep-scented rose gardens; of this fine old civilization, causing Persia to lose veiled women and bearded men walking through her position of leadership. First there was milinarrow, winding village streets; of the quatrains tary invasion; the Grecian troops under Alexanof Omar Khayum as they have been so admirably der the Great swept from one end of the country translated by Fitzgerald. to another, robbing, pillaging, destroying, burn- ing, as was the custom of invading armies in those But Persia is more than that; Persia is a nation days. Gengis Khan and Tamerlane and their of fifteen million Aryan men and women striving hordes came down from the north, even more deto awaken from a lethargy of many centuries; structive and cruel. Arthur Upham Pope writing struggling to emerge from a political, economic of these latter invasions, says: and religious morass that has engulfed them for This dreadful succession swept over the country like a centuries. The Persians are a very intelligent bloody foam, leaving the fairest cities a wilderness of rub- People, capable and industrious " and are J'ust now throwing aside the heavy blanket of superstition, bish and rotting corpses. Their speed, their fury and their ignorance and illiteracy, and are stepping forth mastery of every branch of warfare, made resistance not into the light of the new day with political free- only futile but impossible. Their mark was a series of massacres and devastations, which not only destroyed dom, religious liberty and economic independence. every kind of public monument with invaluable contents, Persia was once one of the greatest nations of works of art and books, but blotted out whole cities. The destruction of human life was equally appalling; the acthe ancient world. Twenty-five hundred years cumulated knowledge and traditions of ages were obliter- ated. (Pope; Persian Art. Page 31.) ago, that progressive empire, under Cyrus, Darius Famine and flood have also played their part and Xerxes, was the most highly civilized, the through the centuries, as well as earthquake and most modern on earth. Today excavations at Per- epidemic, but in my opinion the most destructive sepolis and Damghan and Rhey are bringing new influence of all has been the invasion of Islam. evidences of the wonderful culture of that period, Forced upon an unwilling people, this philosophy showing us that they were great builders, fine of the prophet Mohammed, distorted at times by architects, had knowledge of engineering and san- his successors, was of a type that did not encour- [551 ]

age education, research or progress of any kind. ing about him men of real ability, his majesty The result was a mental stagnation of brilliant has succeeded in awakening a spirit of construcminds; a pathetic lethargy settled upon a capable tive nationalism such as Persia has never known nation. During these years too Persia was often before. Formerly the government was greatly inunfortunate in her type of leadership; she had fluenced, and at times actually controlled, by the some splendid men, such as Shah Abbas, who was Moslem ecclesiastics, the mullahs, of whom a few contemporary with Queen Elizabeth of England, were capable honest men, but many of whom were selfish, narrow fanatics. This is now changed, ANCIENT GRANDEUR~EXCAVATED RUINS OF PERSIPOLIS and although Persia is still officially a Mohamme- dan country, the mullahs are only the clergy, and and who earnestly tried to improve the condition have no voice in the central government. There of his people. is religious liberty in Persia today, although the government's interpretation of what this means When we went out to Persia in 1919, the coun- is not as broad or liberal as we should like. try was being ruled by a boy-king, Sultan Ahmet Shah, a selfish, sensual lad, surrounded by even Two decades ago, only one boy out of a hundred more selfish advisors. The central government had a chance for education, and only one girl out was weak, taxes were high, education was at a of ten thousand. Education in those days was standstill, industries were most primitive, and most primitive, with the exception of a few govthe lot of the peasant and laboring man was in- ernment schools and some well-organized mission deed difficult. This young Shah had no patriotic schools in the larger cities. Under this new Shah, motives, no desire to improve the condition of his Persia has had an educational awakening and the people, but merely strove to gather riches for him- leaders, at least, are becoming school-conscious. self; spending his life in luxurious indolence The Department of Education has been re-organeither in his capital city, Teheran, or in Paris. ized and the present head of that department is a The most constructive thing he ever did for Per- splendid Persian, a graduate of the American sia was when he finally went to Paris and re- Mission College in Teheran. New schools are bemained there until he died a few years ago, leaving ing opened even in the smaller cities-schools for an estate of several million dollars, squeezed out girls as well as for boys. The mission schools are of starving farmers and poverty-stricken working people. THE GATEIWAY TO TEHERAN–THE CIAPITAL CITY A new leader, however, was being developed in still maintaining their leadership and are present- Persia. A young man, born of an ordinary family ing a fine program of modern Christian education, in Mazenderan, who as a lad had no opportunity and are reaching hundreds of the finest of the for education, entered the Persian army as a pri- young men and young women of Persia. vate soldier. With no wealth nor influence, but by sheer force of character and ability for leader- In accordance with the government edict severship, he won his way gradually up through the al years ago there are no primary schools con:. ranks, until he became the commander-in-chief of trolled by the missions; however in some centers, all of the troops of Persia. He then became the such as Hamadan, the local Christian group has minister of war, then the prime minister, and assumed charge of the primary school, which is finally in the spring of 1926, he was crowned the real progress. The high schools and colleges in king of kings, the Shah of all Persia. In the eight charge of the missions, in various parts of the years that His Majesty, Riza Khan Pahlevi, has country, are exerting an immeasurable influence in been the ruler of Iran there has been more real progress, more constructive changes in Persia than in the previous eight hundred years.

Inspiring patriotism in his people, and gather-

ANCIENT PERSIA GOES MODERN

PERSIAN DEI.EGA.TES TO A STUDENT CHRISTIAN CONFERENCE, TEHERAN, 1933 Of these delegates, nineteen are from Moslem parentage. Others include Armenians, Assyrians, Jews, Greeks and Americans.

the spread of Christian ideals, as well as in the and textbooks. Post mortem examinations are al- presentation of modern pedagogy. so forbidden, which of course retards medical The new leaders of Persia realize that in addi- progress considerably.

tion to agriculture and the raising of sheep, there Since 1919 we have been working up at Meshed, must be industries developed to take care of the in the northeastern corner of Persia, 100 miles needs of the people; and in the past few years south of the Russian border, and 120 miles west mills have been established that weave a good of the borders of Afghanistan. Our little hospital grade of cloth; other factories make soap, thread, there (The American Christian Hospital) is the shoes, and many other items that formerly had to only one equipped with X-ray and modern surgi- be imported. The government is exerting a wise, cal equipment in that entire province of two mil- paternal control over these various industries to lion people. The Persians however are building avoid duplication and unwise competition. new hospitals gradually, and in Meshed itself, a As a physician, the thing that appalled me most large 300 bed general hospital is in the process of when we first went to Persia, was the great construction. But, even as in America, the physi- amount of disease; sickness, suffering, misery, cians tend to congregate in the larger cities, and death and so little being done to alleviate condi- as one travels through the villages, and up in the tions or improve them. Those who live in Amer- hills, one realizes the tremendous amount of suf- ica, where there are so many fine hospitals, fering and disease. Hundreds throng about the splendid clinics and excellent doctors cannot imag- doctor begging for relief; timid mothers holding ine conditions in a land like Persia with inade- up emaciated babies that have been hopelessly quate medical facilities, and a general lack of blinded by smallpox; young men prematurely knowledge of hygiene, sanitation or even ordinary aged by pulmonary tuberculosis, come in cough- cleanliness. In America today there is one doctor ing, coughing, spitting blood, and ask for medicine for every 780 people; in Persia there is only one to relieve the tightness of their chest: others come well-trained physician to every 100,000 people. holding out crippled hands or feet, covered with The only place in Persia where the young man sores, wounds, ulcers, open to the dust and dirt, may study medicine is in the Imperial Medical sometimes literally black with flies, sometimes School at Teheran, an institution which is gradu- white with maggots, occasionally covered with a a ally improving, but which is still far from what green leaf or a piece of paper, but no clean gauze would be considered class "A" medical school. or dressings such as we are accustomed to. Doz- As Persia is a Mohammedan country, the human ens come, shielding their eyes from the glare of body after death is considered very sacred, and the sun and the desert, and beg for eye-drops to thus the medical students in their study of anat- relieve this constant burning from trachoma or omy are not allowed to dissect the cadaver, but conjunctivitis; so much blindness everywhere, must endeavor to learn the subject from charts little children, old men, young women; blindness

not only from smallpox, but from gonorrhea, and filthy drinking water. Recently when cholera from trachoma and its various complications. threatened from an adjoining country, a vigorous Pale, anemic women, shivering, shivering with the quarantine was established. Free clinics are bechills of malaria, petition for some health-giving ing opened in various centers, and more-or-Iess quinine; crippled deformed lepers hold up their qualified public health doctors are being stationed fingerless hands and ask for some cure for their throughout the country. Medical practice laws disease. are being revised and strengthened to abolish quacks and charlatans, and there is a general im- It is all so pathetic and so unnecessary, for most provement in sanitary conditions, although there of Persia (except regions near the Caspian and is still so much to be done. In the capital city, Teheran, with its 310,000 inhabitants, although MODERN EDUOATION IN THE AMERIC'AN COLLEGE, TEHERAN there are many beautiful wide avenues, and large public buildings, there is no piped water system, down near the Gulf) is very healthy, as far as no proper sewage system, and much disease. climate is concerned; a high, dry plateau with little rainfall and an abundance of life-giving, One of the most hopeful things is that the edugerm-destroying sunshine. Most of the disease is cated Persians themselves are beginning to realpreventable, if only the folks would know how to ize the need of improvement of conditions and live, how to take care of themselves, and if ade- their own newspapers are full of editorials conquate medical facilities were available. We found, demning destructive practices and are suggesting, and even demanding, reforms. In the July 4th in 1920, that 85 % of the little children were dying issue of the Shafagh Sorgh, one of Teheran's larg- est papers, we find an editorial discussing the under the age of five; conditions are gradually question of why the population of Persia is deimproving and our last figures show that only creasing. The writer says that it is not that the young men are not marrying for they do, and 60 % are dying before that age. But even 60 % some get more than one wife. He continues: is much too high. Can you imagine the morbidity, MODERN ME[)ICAL CARE FOR CH~LDREN IN THE the needless suffering, the pain, the agony, the AMERIC'AN HOSPITAL distress, the misery? These conditions are due sometimes to ignorance, sometimes to over crowd- Moreover it is much better that this number do not ing, sometimes to superstition. Much of the in- marry, and not pollute the blood of the next generation fant mortality was due to the Mohammedan cus- with syphilis germs …… A few months ago I was visittom of child marriage; little girls of 9, 10 and 11 ing some of the southern cities …… I saw fathers who being given in marriage to men much older. These during 20 years have had 15 or 16 children, and have girls became mothers at 14 or 15 and know noth- buried all of them, one after another…… I saw quite ing of the care or feeding of infants. The new big villages or towns whose whole population is overtaken Persian Government has passed stringent laws, with malaria, ~hile the crops were left in the fields and forbidding this child marriage, and is enforcing there was nobody to take care of them. One passes them, indicative of their new attitude towards through hundreds of villages and towns without seeing a progress, and towards the general improvement single physician …… In some larger towns one physician of conditions for the Persian people. who has been sent by the government can be seen and this one was a fortune-teller. He diagnoses syphilis as sore The Public Health Department of Persia has throat and treats it in such a way that there is little ·hope been re-organized and improved; smallpox vac- of living. If someone has appendicitis they think it is a cination is being offered in the cities and villages, mere stomachache and in a short time will kill the paand in some places is being required before chil- tient. . . . .. (Shu/ugh Sorgh, July 4, 1934.) dren are admitted to school. Typhoid innoculations are available although few use them, and there is still a great mortality from typhoid, dysentery and various diarrheas spread through

However I am not pessimistic about Persia, for fluence. Commencing a century ago, in western when one considers the obstacles to be overcome, Persia, the modern Christian church has gradual- marvellous progress has been, and is being made. ly spread eastward, until today groups of believ- Superstition must be combatted, lethargy must be ers are found as far east as Khorassan on the destroyed, illiteracy must be removed, ignorance Afghan border, in all the larger cities both in the must be eradicated, immorality must be wiped north and south, and even in some of the smaller out; and all tlIe~e things require patience, wis- towns. Through the Christian schools and Chris- dom, energy and leadership. tian hospitals, as well as through the direct evan- Ancient Persia is going modern; new roads are· gelistic work, carried on by American and British being built, schools are being opened, industries are being developed, disease is being slowly com~ batted. In my opinion, what Persia needs today is not primarily a new civilization, with its new education, its new sanitation its new transporta- tion, as fine as all these things may be. What Persia needs today is a new salvation. The old philosophy of Islam has been weighed in the bal- ances of time and experience and has been found wanting. Persia today is drifting, and in what direction?

Sir Arnold Wilson in his new book on Persia, says: "The present tendency amongst educated Persians is towards a somewhat unenlightened materialism. They have thrown off the shackles of Islam, and have as yet found nothing to take its place; a rigid determinism underlies much of the popular expressions of thought."* DR. LICHTWARDT AND HIS SUNDAY; SCHOOL We who have been working in Iran, as real CLASS OF PEJllSIANS friends of Persia, feel that in the teachings of the missionaries and by the Persian Christians as Christ, there is a genuine philosophy, a workable well, this Gospel of hope is now being spread plan, a real salvation, which can and should take through the entire land. The workers are all to the place of Islam, which has not proven satisfac- few for the field is so large, and there is so much tory. Some of the young men of Persia are drift- to do, but backed by the intercessory prayers of ing into atheism, some into agnosticism, some into Christians throughout the world, we feel that the Communism, but more into Bahai-ism, which is Church of the Christ is the real hope of this new an offshot of Islam, an easy type of universalism, Persia.

that would appeal to a discontented type of shal- Not only does Persia need Christ, but the whole low mind. world needs Him. With so much strife, discon- The Church of Christ in Persia is growing, year tent, bloodshed, lust, hatred, violence, uncertainty by year, in numbers as well as in strength and in- and doubt, the hope of the world today is in the • Sir Arnold Wilson, Persia, page 184; Scribner, 1932. loving, sacrificial saving Christ, and in Him alone.

EXPERIENCE AND EXPRESSION The Wesleyan Movement made two great contributions to the world. One was the fact that the whole movement was founded up'on an inner experience of God which transformed and lighted up the whole of life. All else was secondary to this one central thing-a radiant experience of God. The chief business of the Christian Church is to produce the moral and spiritual miracle of conversion. When it has lost power to do this, the Church has lost its right to live. God has raised us up for the perpetuating of this miracle. Confused and paralyzed men need this today as never before.

The second great contribution of Wesley was his conception: "The world is my parish." There was to be no territorial or racial limitations to the redemption movement.

These two things stand together. One is the experience and the other is the expression. The experience goes to the depths of the individual's need and extends to the need of the earth's last man. Cool either one, and you kill both. We must hold to this vision and reaffirm that the world is still our parish. Put within that word "world" a deeper content than geographical extent-the world of economic relationships and the world of race and international relationships must be our parish. Christ must conquer it all.- E. STANLEY JONES.

A Brahman Becomes a Christian By the REV. H. G. HOWARD, Kodoli, India • Missionary .of the Presbyterian Church. U. S. A.

I N SOME sections of India where there have been mass movements among the outcastes there are now considerable numbers of middle caste aod high caste Hindus becoming Christians. In our part of India there has been as yet no such movement among the middle castes, though we think there are so many Marathas who are convinced of the truth of Christianity that if a few will take the lead in accepting Christ and enduring what persecution may result, many others will follow them.

A few months ago a young man, a Brahman doctor, trained in the Miraj Medical School, accepted baptism after having his heart filled with devotion to the Lord Jesus. Before being bap- tized he visited his home in South India to tell his brother and other relatives why he was taking this step and to try to persuade them, too, to accept the Saviour.

Last May I spent a week in Mahabaleshwar, where the language school for new missionaries is held. On the way there a Hindu sitting near me in the bus asked me where I was going. When I replied he said, "You will see Harshe pandit there; he has become a Christian." I answered, "I have known Mr. Harshe for many years; he is a Poona Brahman. How do you know that he has become a Christian?" "I read it," he replied, "in the newspaper."

On my arrival there I learned that Mr. Ha~she had been baptized on the preceding Saturday. As the service had been announced beforehand it was no secret and Mr. Harshe received many let- ters from people who urged him not to become a Christian. A delegation of Brahmans from Poona went to try to persuade him not to be baptized. When they found out that he was taking the step because of his personal convictions, they said that they would no longer try to dissuade him. An Indian queen wrote him that she supposed he was becoming a Christian because he was probably loaded down with debt, in which case she would give him Rs. 3000 to help him pay his debts and to keep him from being baptized. He replied that he was not in need of money, but it was because of his faith in the Lord Jesus that he was accepting baptism. She then wrote him to go ahead and be baptized. Mr. Harshe said that he could find beautiful passages in the Hindu sacred books, but he could not find in the Hindu books the power he had found in Christ and it was because of his having experienced the power of Christ that he was publicly accepting Him.

Especially interesting in connection with his baptism is the fact that his family did not disown him. His two sons, young men 21 or 22 year~ old, published a letter in the newspapers stating that they were still Hindus, but that they loved thelt father and would not disown him, in fact they hon- ored him more than before because of his acting in accordance with his convictions. Mr. Gandhi wrote them: "I congratulate you on your attitude toward your father. If you find in Hinduism the peace you need, it is your duty to remain Hindus in spite of your father's change of religion." The sons are seriously considering their duty in the matter; they wish, if they become Christians, to do so because of their own personal convictions, not because their father has become a Christian.

When the family returned to Poona in June the father was wondering whether his landlord would let him come back into his house, in the midst of Brahman neighbors. The landlord, how- ever, when he met him, embraced him and said, "You have been my friend all these years; you are still my friend." Many neighbors have asked for Bibles or New Testaments as they say they want to find out what it is in these books that has attracted Mr. Harshe. His sons say they had to get quite a supply of Bibles and New Testaments to give to their inquiring neighbors.

Pray that Mr. Harshe may be strengthened in his faith in the Lord Jesus, that he may have the joy of seeing his wife and two sons and daughter accept the Saviour, and that they may be used to lead others openly to confess the Lord Jesus.

From a letter dated September 10, 1934.

Present–Day Shinto in

By the REV. ALBERTUS PIETERS, D.D., Holland, Michigan Formerly Missionary of the Reformed Church in America; Now Professor of Bible and Missions in Western Theological Seminary THERE is at present one pagan empire in the require us to render it "gods," not god, for in all world-one only-the Empire of Japan. By historic time the Japanese have been, as they are a pagan empire we mean one that, on the one now, a polytheistic people. They have "gods many hand by the prevailing faith and worship of its and lords many." If you ask them how many, the population, and on the other hand by the formal conventional answer is: "Yao yorodzu no kami" profession and determination of its government, -800 times 10,000 gods. This is not to be underis committed to that form of religion that we call stood as an accurate census return of the divine paganism; which is primitive nature worship, population, but rather as a round number for an spirit worship, and hero or ancestor worship, un- uncounted multitude.

modified by philosophic thinking. The first chapter of the Epistle of Paul to the Anciently, the whole world, with the exception Romans contains an accurate description of the of the commonwealth of Israel, was pagan in this paganism of Japan. Sketched from life, as he saw sense, and practically every organized government the worship of the Roman Empire all about him, was pagan; irreligious governments being un- no change is required to make it applicable to that known in ancient times. Today it is not so. There of Japan today; from which we learn that, in its are still pagans enough in many lands, notably in essential principles and results, paganism is as China, India, Africa, and the islands of the sea; unchangeable as Christianity. Its root idea, but, with one exception, there are no "pagan" gov- everywhere and always, is the deification of the ernments. Africa and the South Seas have only creature.

unorganized races, or simple tribal governments, This creature worship takes various forms. In with scarcely a kingdom worthy of the name; one form it is the direct worship of the natural India is under a Christian sovereign, and the lead- object itself: the sun, the moon, mountains, rivers, ing general of the Repul1lic of China is a Chris- trees, animals, and insects. All these are wortian. It is thus Japan-Japan alone-that stands shipped in Japan. The Japanese have coined a forth in the 20th century as a survival of this proverb, half serious, half facetious: Aka iwashi ancient state of things. From the standpoint of no atama de mo shinjirlr-"even the head of a dried religion and missions this is a most interesting sardine may be a god." fact. At the same time Japan is a strong, virile, In a little higher form it is worship of the spirit expanding, military nation, the destiny of which, that resides in a natural object, or is symbolized whether for peace or war, is intimately linked to by it. Scholars call this "animism." Japan is full that of the United States. It is therefore impor- of it. People worship the "kami" of the mountain tant for us to know what the paganism of Japan or river. Although generally to be rendered is, and how this paganism is likely to influence its "god," the word "kami" in such connections means spirit, its attitude, and its actions. the spirit of the mountain rather than its god.

The paganism of Japan goes by the name of In still another form there is personification of Shinto, legitimately anglicised into Shintoism. the natural force or object; and the imaginary This is a compound word, being the Chinese read- person thus produced becomes, to the common peoing of two characters that stand for two Japanese pIe, a real historic individual, although the fact words; "kami"-god, or gods, and "michi"-way, that it is a personification only, remains clear or path: therefore also doctrine. It means, there- enough to any ,student. Thus we have the supreme fore, the way, or doctrine, about the gods. It does divinity of Japan, named Ama Terasu-"She Who not mean the doctrine that comes from God, or the Shines in the Sky"-plainly enough the Sun gods, for Shinto does not profess to originate in Goddess. Her shrine at Ise is the Mecca of Japan, any divine revelation. Although the word "kami" and in the mythology she is the ancestress of the in itself is neither singular nor plural, the facts Emperor, through her grandson, whom she sent [ 557]

down from heaven to rule the world. So nature cruder forms of Shinto, such as find expression in worship passes over into hero worship, ancestor these "ungraded and village shrines." Hence the worship, and emperor worship. decrease in the number of such shrines, both abso- lutely and in proportion to the population. Hence, Paganism, as briefly described above, consisting also, the very dilapidated and neglected condition of primitive nature, spirit, and hero worship, has of many that remain. Besides that, there are arisbeen since the dawn of history, and is today, the ing new forms of Shinto, organized in better harfaith of the masses of Japan. That Buddhism is mony with modern social conditions, and the Govalso largely prevalent, is not inconsistent with this ernment, for its own purposes, is providing larger statement, for most Buddhists are Shintoists at and more popular shrines. the same time. Now, since Japan, for fifty years or more, has been in touch with all modern devel- New Forms of SlrirlIto opments, has enjoyed the privileges of modern education, and has been the field of zealous Chris- The new forms of Shinto are a most interesting tian propaganda by missionaries and Japanese study. Many of them, in terminology and form of preachers, it is an interesting and important ques- organization, are very plainly imitations of Christion how far all this has had an effect. Is modern tian churches. This appears, first of all, in the Shinto losing its hold, and is it in any way differ- fact that they are not community affairs, but are ent from ancient Shinto? groups with voluntary individual membership. lIn its primary form, Shinto, like the ancient pa- Modern Shinto ganism of Greece and Rome, is a community in- terest. The temple is the village temple, main- One can point out certain effects of these mod- tained at village expense, and everybody belongs ern influences, partly in the outward manifesta- to it, merely by virtue of the fact that one resides tions of this ancient paganism, partly in its inner in the village. There is no group of which the life. Outwardly, one of the first results of Japan's individual is a member on account of his own faith contact with the Western world was the abolition or by his own choice. With the new forms of of all public phallic worship, that is, the worship Shinto, however, the case is different. They have of the sex organs. In the past, this logical develop- their membership lists, and a person may join, or ment of nature worship has been almost universal refuse to join, or withdraw after he has joined; in aH pagan countries. Japan was no exception, and therefore his membership is an expression of and when the missionaries began their work in his personal faith in certain doctrines. that country, this worship was carried on openly, in very indecent forms. It was abolished by the There are thirteen sects, or "churches" of this Government out of regard for the feeling of de- kind officially recognized and licensed as Shinto cency of the world at large; and is not now known sects, and their total membership foots up to the in Japan except in some out-of-the-way country impressive total of more than seventeen millions. places where it may still be found if sought for. Beside this, there are others, like Oh Moto Kyo, that carryon a vigorous propaganda, without Statistics of shrines seem to indicate another having, as yet, been officially licensed. The smallnoteworthy change. There are in Japan Shinto est sect, "Misogi Kyo,"-the Religion of Lustrashrines maintained at the expense of the nation tion, is credited with 307,000 members, and the or of provincial governments, for religio-political largest, "Tenri Kyo,"-the Religion of the Heavpurposes, of which we shall speak presently; many enly Reason, with nearly four millions. Brief others are maintained by the people voluntarily as notes on some of these new religions will give the the spontaneous expression of their religious feel- reader an idea of this modern development of ings. These latter are called "village and un- Shinto. graded shrines." From the official figures given in the "Japanese Year Book" for 1924, we learn TENRI Kyo is the most prominent. Besides its that there were at that time 111,181 such shrines, work in Japan, it carries on missionary work and from the same annual statistical publication abroad, having, at least some years ago, a mission for 1934, that there are now only 107,134, a de- station in London. It issues some literature in the crease in ten years of 4,149, or 415 a year. The English language, the latest publication of this proportional decrease is considerably greater, kind being a fine volume of 319 pages, in which since the population of Japan grows at the rate may be found-all that the authorities of the sect of more than half a million each year. It is clear wish the English reading public to know about that something is happening. Either the people their history and doctrines. The new religion are losing faith in their gods, or their faith is find- originated with a very devout woman, Mrs. Miki ing expression in other ways, or both. Nakayama, who was born April 18, 1798, and died on January 26, 1887. In the year 1838 she Probably both causes are responsible for this began to have certain experiences that caused her change. There is a weakening of faith in the

PRESENT-DAY SHINTO IN JAPAN

to think that ten gods, expressed by name, had of Japan, they say, are the model upon which the taken up their abode in her and wished to speak rest of the world was molded, and the superiority through her. These ten divinities are called col- of the Japanese, they teach, is seen in many ways, lectively, The God of the Heavenly Reason, and the but particularly in their hair, which is an instruclaim is even put forward that Tenrikyo is a mono- ment of divine inspiration. Hence devout Oh theistic faith. After the death of Mrs. Nakayama, Moto Kyo believers wear their hair long, for the divine revelations continued through her youngest longer the hair the better the divine influence can daughter, and a follower named Iburi, but these penetrate. It is the supreme misison, they say, had to do mostly with the organization and man- of the Japanese nation to govern the entire world, agement of the church. They ceased altogether bringing all nations into sUbjection to the Emin 1907. peror, who alone is a legitimate ruler, the vice- gerent of heaven upon earth. This sect has offices As now taught, Tenri Kyo is distinctly an eclec- in Paris, and even in Sao Paulo, Brazil. tic religion. Its theology is Shinto. The "eight million gods" are not denied, but practically wor- These two are given as samples of the new forms ship is confined to the ten that took up their abode which ancient Shinto is taking. There are many in the prophetess. Its ethics and its conception of more. All of them make much use of faith healing, the moral state of man, are from Confucius. Its and can produce as many and as striking instances view of the state after death is taken from Bud- of such healing as Christian Science in our own dhism, but with an important modification. Tenri country. Thus the decline in the number of "vil- Kyo accepts transmigration, but not into lower lage and ungraded shrines" is partly counterbalforms of insect or animal life. The soul is re- anced by the growth of these "churches." born, but always in another human body. In its emphasis on faith and love, its organization, and The most important influence in this field is, in much of its popular preaching, it is so nearly no doubt, the attitude of the government. The Christian that many Tenri Kyo exhortations can statesmen of Japan, fearing the disintegrating scarcely be distinguished from Christian sermons. effects of modern civilization, and eager at all Thus the various elements in Tenri Kyo are seen costs to rally the people around the Imperial to be simply those elements from other systems throne, found in Shinto an instrument ready to that have come to be the common intellectual and their hands. With more emphasis than had ever moral property of the common people of Japan. been known in Japan before, they taught the di- They are items of religious faith and feeling that vine nature of the Emperor and the divine basis pass as current coin, and no one asks where they of his authority. They did this so strongly, and were minted. It is not difficult for the ordi- with so little regard for the facts of history, that nary Japanese to become a Tenri Kyo believer. Its Prof. Basil Hall Chamberlin, an outstanding audoctrines are what he has always believed, and thority on all things Japanese, charges them with what seems to him reasonable. Of course it is the invention of a new religion. It is not really nationalistic, intensely so, as the following quo- new in content, but it is in emphasis. tation from one of the Tenri Kyo magazines will illustrate: This new form of Shinto is designated "Em- peror Worship." It has no separate shrines or Japan is the parent nation of the world. It is the source ceremonies, but attaches itself to the established whence the salvation of all nations proceeds. He who is Shinto worship. In many respects it closely rehostile to this nation opposes the will of God. (From the sembles the emperor worship of ancient Rome. "Michi no Torno," Sept., 1914.) As there, so in Japan, the basis is found in ancient faith and feeling, modified for political purposes. This fanatical nationalism finds perhaps its ex- Japan is a modern nation in most respects, but treme expression in OH MOTO Kyo-The Religion not so in religion. So far from belonging reliof the Great Origin-the origin, that is, of the giously to the 20th century, she is not even medire- Japanese Empire and people. This is definitely val. There is no parallel to her religious state an attempt to carry the faith of the people back closer than the state of Rome in the first three cento the ancient gods. It began with the incoherent turies of the Christian era. Dr. Robert E. Speer babblings and scribblings of an ignorant, and per- is reported to have said: "Think of Japan in terms haps demented woman who thought herself in- of ancient Rome." That is a correct summary of spired by one of the gods, and it has grown into her religious condition. a very considerable sect, claiming a million adherents.. In religious and moral content it is The rulers of Japan, in promoting Emperor perhaps the pObrest of all the modern varieties Worship, are not so much interested in religion as of Shinto, but it has certain very attractive mag- in finding a firm basis for the Imperial authority. ical or mesmeric practices. It claims for Japan If it were not for that necessity, they would cheerthe headship of the entire world. Even the islands fully dispense with Shinto, in which they probably believe as little as other intelligent men; but since

faith in the divine nature and descent of His Im- popular. The Christians, of course, object, and so perial Majesty cannot be divorced from faith in do the more earnest Buddhists. Collisions bethe Sun Goddess and all the rest of the ancient tween such dissenters and the government policy mythology, therefore that mythology is taught in occur from time to time, and of late with growing all the public schools as veritable history. There- frequency, chiefly in connection with the requirefore, also, it is required of school teachers to take ments imposed upon the teachers and students of their pupils, from time to time, to the local shrines, public schools. Not many months ago the teachers to do obeisance to the local gods. and students of the Ogaki city school went on an excursion to Ise, to worship at the shrine of the Such instructions to teachers encounter an ob- Sun Goddess. Three of the girls, being Chrisstacle in Article XXVIII of the Constitution of tians, refused to join in this worship. They were Japan, which guarantees freedom of religious expelled and fourteen or more Christian churches faith. To get over this difficulty, the Government in the province were closed by government order. makes a distinction between two kinds of Shinto, called respectively State Shinto and Religious The Roman Catholic Church, of course, stands Shinto. In the latter are included all the various out firmly against any compromise in this matter; new sects already alluded to. Profession of such and on the whole the Protestant leaders are no faith is absolutely a matter for private choice. less inflexible, although there are some among In the former term are included the chief shrines them who are inclined to yield. It is almost preof the ancient faith, and these are officially de- cisely the same conflict as that between the early clared not to be places of religious worship, but church and the Roman emperor worship. If conplaces for the commemoration and honoring of ditions were now as in ancient times, there is no national heroes and of the Imperial Family. At- doubt that the scaffold and the stake would again tendance and worship at such shrines is the duty be appealed to to settle the controversy; but presof every Japanese subject, no matter what his ent-day Japan is too sensitive to international religious beliefs may be. Meanwhile, however, public opinion to employ so crude a method. the old priests remain, and the same old rites are performed, the same prayers are said. Meanwhile, there is no doubt that the Govern- ment policy is meeting with a large measure of In any other country, the attempt of the Gov- success. The decline of Shinto, evident in the disernment to declare that to be irreligious which in appearance of many of the smaller shrines, is the faith and practice of the people has always measurably checked, and the progress of the Chrisbeen the heart of their religion, would be amusing, tian faith is retarded. The larger shrines, estabbut it is not so in Japan. Most people take it seri- lished and maintained at government expense, are ously or pretend to do so, and comply without hesi- becoming more and more popular; and the day tation. Hence, although the smaller shrines are seems to have been indefinitely postponed when decreasing in number and in the number of their the last pagan empire shall cease to be pagan. worshippers, the new shrines are increasingly A PIONEER CHINESE WOMAN DOCTOR By M. P . WALKER, Shanghai, China American Episcopal Church Mission, China AH MEl WONG was one of the few Chinese women doctors in China. She was the daugh- l'".. ter of the Rev. Kong Chai Wong, the first Chinese clergyman of the Episcopal Church in China and the younger sister of Soo Ngoo Wong (afterwards Mrs. F. L. Hawks Pott). After attending St. Mary's Hall, Shanghai, Dr. Wong trained as a nurse in the Memo- rial Hospital at Wuchang, and in St. Luke's Hospital, Shanghai. Wishing to become a doctor, ….1&he went to Canada and studied medicine in Toronto, where she was the first Chinese woman ';i"!medical student at the University. .

When she returned to China she set up a private practice in Shanghai, showing most unu- sual skill and general ability. She was highly respected by Chinese and foreigners alike and all her life was a devoted member of the Church. She continued her regular medical prac- tice until a few days before her death on May 7, 1933, at the age of sixty-five.

She bequeathed to the St. Elizabeth's Hospital over $190,000, Chinese currency, to found the Ah Mei Wong Endowment Fund, the income to be used by the hospital for maternity work.

Present Value of Medical

By NATHANIEL BERCOVITZ, M.D.

American Mission Hospital, Hoi How, Hainan, China A QUARTER of a century ago medical mis- of its value. There have also been great advances sionary work was looked upon as of special in medical science, especially in tropical medicine. value in opening doors, making friendly The bulk of medical missionary work has been contacts, and giving an opportunity for the presen- done in tropical or subtropical countries, and it tation of the Gospel. There are innumerable in- has been possible to bring about a better general stances where entrance, hitherto impossible, was state of health because of better methods of treatmade possible by medical work; where friendships ment. of great value to the whole missionary cause were made by doctors, and where vigorous churches Medical education has been carried forward in grew up as a result of faithful preaching in hos- lands where medical missionary work has been pitals and dispensaries. done and has resulted in the training of native men and women in modern medicine and surgery, The need for medical missions has been recog- with the result that interest in modern medicine nized. Throughout the world, and especially in tropical and subtropical countries, there was a vast amount of illness, formerly untouched by modern medical science. Many of the medical and surgical ailments encountered were imperfectly understood by medical science of that time, for some of the greatest strides in tropical medicine, in public health work, and in sanitation and control of epidemics have been made within the past twenty-five years.

Conditions in mission fields were appallingepidemics ran unchecked; infant mortality was the rule rather than the exception; fetichism and quackery, born of ignorance and based upon superstition, were all that the people had in the way of medical care. Existing conditions made a powerful appeal to doctors in America and Europe, and many consecrated noble men and women went to needy places, and established medical work in has become widespread. Some native practitioners response to the calls for help. may have been coolies in the mission hospital; some may have been amahs in a maternity ward; They went to alleviate suffering in places where but on the other hand, many have been trained in no other trained medical help was available; the best medical schools in their own country, or where disease, superstition, and the grossest hea- in Europe and America. In any case, what they then practices prevailed; and at the same time had to offer at the worst was better than the suthe love and power of Jesus Christ was preached perstition and quackery existing before they came. to transform lives, to make. for better living, and The qualified native doctors have done good work to do away with the unspeakable conditions under among their own people. In most cases financial which the people lived. gain has been their object, but even so, much good has been done, especially in an educational way. During the past twenty-five years there have .others have practiced medicine from altruistic been many changes in regards to medical work, motives. Not all of the native doctors, qualified especially in countries where conditions were the or unqualified, have been Christians, but it is safe worst. The work of pioneer medical missionaries to say that nearly all have come in contact with has borne fruit-much of the fear of modern Christian hospitals. In many countries, where scientific medicine has been broken down, and the medical missionary was the first to introduce people are now ready to accept medical and surgical treatment because they have been convinced [561 ]

modern medical science, the governments have druggists, and treatments by hospital doctors. In undertaken medical and public health work on a general these druggists have helped to stimulate large scale. interest in modern medicine and have helped to It is evident that the problem of medical mis- break down the earlier barriers.

sions as regards the scope and field has changed, A new problem is being faced now in the fact and that a new evaluation of the whole subject that several assistants have accepted positions as should be made. doctors in the Chinese army-with much higher While medical conditions throughout the world, pay than what the mission hospital can afford.

especially in countries where medical mission- For many years Dr. McCandliss worked hard to aries did their pioneer work, have generally build up the maternity work of the hospital. The changed along certain lines, there are still many Chinese in Hainan have been particularly quick places where the medical missionary today is as to realize the benefits of this work, and all over much needed and his work is much the same as Hainan there have sprung up maternity hospitals it was fifty years ago. For such places no new run by young women who have had some training evaluation need be made, except, in anticipation, as midwives in Canton. These midwives are al- as conditions are likely to change. Even in these leviating suffering and what help they give is places, although working under pioneer conditions, better than what the people had previously.

the doctors should be equipped with the knowledge The question is whether the hospital has lost an of modern medical and surgical methods, and opportunity as a missionary agency in not getting must expect to work under better conditions. into the field early, establishing such centers as But where health conditions are different from part of the hospital work, manned by midwives those of twenty-five years ago, new problems arise trained under our supervision, and sent out to do because of these changed conditions. These prob- this work in connection with the other activities lems are concerned with administration, relation of the mission. One maternity center and branch to local hospitals and practitioners, and to the of the hospital has been established in a town 44 local governments. Each missionary hospital must miles west of Hoi How, and is developing this face its particular problem. In view of the chang- work in a very needy and superstitious center.

ing relations between the local churches and gen- Another center was opened in a town 47 miles eral missionary work, the relation of the native south of Hoi How by a group of Christian women church ·to the missionary hospital must be con- as a project. Both centers are doing fairly well, sidered. The present financial situation, with con- and are helping in the study of rural medical mis- sequent limitation of many missionary activities, sionary work.

must also be studied. A former assistant in our hospital at Kachek The medical work in Hainan, China, was begun completed his studies as a doctor, and after three forty-nine years ago by Dr. H. M. McCandliss, years graduate work at the Peiping Union Medical who was superintendent until 1926, and was en- College returned to Hainan to establish a hospital tirely pioneer in its nature at the beginning. of his own in Hoi How. He enlisted the support Through years of assiduous labor he succeeded in of many wealthy Hainanese, and succeeded in building up a remarkable medical work and now erecting a three-story building, fully equipped. there is a well equipped group of buildings, with This hospital is about 300 yards away from our a trained staff of assistants, a training school for hospital and has been fairly successful.

nurses, and seven doctors. During 1933, the new If the Chinese can build, equip, and run a hos- inpatients registered in the hospital numbered pital as well as Dr. Chu's hospital, what is the 2,859, of which 739 were maternity cases and 580 need for the American Presbyterian Hospital in were surgical operations. The patients come Hainan, even though we are crowded with pa- chiefly from the northeastern section of Hainan. tients?

With the growth of the hospital many problems To date the government has not taken over pub- have been encountered. Assistants, trained by lic health work which is still a great untouched Dr. McCandliss, left the hospital and set up for field in Hainan. The American Presbyterian Hos- themselves, on the growing reputation of the 1;1os- pital is well known, and the people usually friend- pital, and their connection with it. At first those ly. How far should this hospital undertake public men attempted everything, although their train- health work? – The problems are extremely prac- ing did not qualify them for such operations as tical. What is the value, need and purpose of cataract, or dissection of the glands of the neck. medical missionary work under changing condi- Later, except for treatment of such diseases as tions? Has medical missionary work served its malaria and dysentery, these men gradually limit- purpose and is its work finished?

ed themselves to the sale of medicine. Gradually It is the opinion of the writer that the ultimate the people learned to differentiate between these purpose of medical missionary work is active ex-

1934J THE PRESENT VALUE OF MEDICAL MISSIONS

tension of Christianity through medical work. other lines as well as strengthening existing mis- This includes the pioneer type of work, as well as sion hospitals to reach the largest possible number every other type of medical missionary work. of people, in the hospital, in the rural dispensary, Without this purpose the field might as well be and by various projects. left to other medical agencies serving only humanitarian and scientific purposes. But the time Christian missions mean the proclamation of should never come when a mission hospital can the direct Gospel message; but the work includes cease to be an active evangelizing agency, as well living the Christian life in every phase and relaas a medical center. tionship, every good deed which is the fruit of the Spirit. Christian propaganda is the living witness One particular case in our work in 1932 was of Christ within men; a powerful demonstration worth the work of the whole year. A man came to all who come in contact with the work that to the hospital with a surgical condition and was there is something in Christ and in Christianity cured. The evangelist sat with him, and when the which is unique and is worth while having. patient left gave him some tracts and a Bible. Some months later the pastor of the Hoi How In all of the rooms of the Hoi How Hospital are church visited the region where this patient lived, placed Bibles and Bible texts are printed on the and was invited to visit the patient's village. The walls. It is not unusual for an educated patient pastor was amazed to find a group of ninety-four people asking for examination for baptism in a to read through the Bible while in the hospital and village where no evangelist had ever gone, and many ask for copies on leaving. One man, whose where the only work had been done through tIiis wife had a very serious surgical operation, said one patient in the hospital. The pastor felt that that one night when her condition was the lowest sixty-one of these candidates were ready to be he never took his eyes off the text on the wallbaptized. Since that time many have had to en- "God is our refuge and strength, a very present dure persecution, but a recent visit brought the help in time of trouble." word that the group was standing firm, a strong Christian nucleus in their village. It is advisable for hospitals to have the as- sistance of an advisory board, on which church It does not mean that because of this ultimate leaders have a prominent part. The church can purpose of medical missionary work that there be invited to assist in the evangelistic work in the should be any but the highest standards for the hospital, and follow up the work with patients who medical and surgical work. On the contrary, if have been in the hospital. Public health work, the mission hospital is to be most effective in rural health centers, clinics, and district maternity achieving its evangelistic purpose it must be out- hospitals, can all be conducted in cooperation with standing as a place of healing. Missionary hos- the church. pitals should be developed to the highest degree of efficiency in staff, nursing, buildings, and equip- As long as we adhere to the main purpose of ment, to do the highest grade of medical work. medical missions, Christian propaganda through With this purpose in view and under these condi- medical work, there is increasing opportunity for tions we believe that missionary hospitals should this form of missionary service. It should reseek enlargement and an increase in the numbers ceive unqualified support; its future should be of patients. They deserve the support of their planned along broad lines; it should be regarded constituencies in the homeland, and of the church as a major missionary activity; its opportunities on the field. should be fully grasped and used. We believe that the blessing of God which has been poured out so It has been argued that as the national medical richly in the past will be given in even greater agencies make progress medical missionary work measure, so long as this form of missionary acwill become less important. If the missionary hos- tivity is kept right in purpose, and in operation. pitals are to do merely humanitarian and scientific work then it might be reasonable to say that their work will become less important but since the great purpose of medical missions is to advance the cause of Christ, the mission hospital holds a unique mission. For this reason its work has not been completed. It will continue to be needed, no matter how much medical work is done by local agencies.

There should be continued activity i:q medical missions-extension of health work in rural districts, maternity work,caring for the poor, and

A Pioneer Journey in

Excerpts from a Letter from Mr. Raymond Joyce, Edsingol, Minghsia Province, to Dr. R. H. Glover, China Inland Mission O N THE edge of the Edsingol Delta, (North- pleasant. Slower going and perhaps more digging west China), with over half our journey would make it better. Cars with a lower center of to Tihwa behind us, we are faced with gravity would find it much less risky than we seeming impossibilities before we can continue. thought it to be.

There are four or more rivers to be crossed and The next part of the journey was mostly they are very full. through country made lumpy by tall grasses grow- It has taken us twelve traveling days to reach ing in clumps. This is the main feature of the here from Kalgan, seventeen days altogether. We route as far as Rain Unter. The river beds pre- rested two Sundays and spent three other days in vious to Rain Unter may give trouble, but are all repairing one of the cars. One of the little springs right if you keep going. The surface is gravelly in the universal joint either came out or, more sand but underneath is sticky red clay. We got probably, had never been put ~n. The whole back stuck before leaving the last river bed before Bain axle had to come off. Apart from this, however, Unter and took five hours to get out! One car we have had no serious mechanical trouble. Apart stopped in changing gear and the other car, fairly from the above delay we have had no undue hind- close behind, slowed up and both stuck and rance. Once we got stuck in a river bed of loose wouldn't start again but sank in. We made a sand with clay underneath and it took us five hours trench from the rear wheels towards the front of digging and "road-making" to get out. On a wheels gradually getting shallower. This was few other occasions it took an hour or two to get laid with stones and brushwood and one car was going again. However, considering the country, rushed out and up the bank. The other car was we have come through very smoothly. Not a few jacked up at the rear, a big pit dug under each cars have found it impossible and most of them back wheel and a firm stone bed made under the have taken longer than we so that there is much wheels. The first car then helped to pull this one to thank the Lord for. Rain on the stretch from out.

Kalgan to Sunit Wang would have meant mud, From Bain Unter onwards is desert and in but we had good weather. The same applies to the main the surface is firm, being gravelly, and the road after Uni Ussu. The sandier part of the flat. The chief trouble is soft patches of ground, journey, between Siao Ch'uan Tsi and Muringol, and hard low-gear work. The water question was fairly good owing to the sand being damp- gives no trouble. We passed water every day, ened by rain just before we arrived. In many though we did carry two drums or more from ways we know that the Lord has undertaken Bain Unter onwards.

for us. The journey from Yagan onwards is really good We had no trouble in getting away from Kalgan going and much of it is down hill after passing -no customs examinations or charges. This was through the hills.

chiefly because we were missionaries. Mr. Soder- The trip has been a somewhat strenuous journey bom was a great help, and Mr. and Mrs. Williams, but enjoyable-the daily round being:-break- were very helpful. Hattin Sumu was a very in- fast, packing, traveling, unpacking, supper, bed.

teresting little place. The missionaries were on We stopped for an hour at mid-day for light lunch.

furlough but the Mongol pastor entertained us As for food we have done very well. We have seen there and children sang hymns to us in Mongol! some wonderful sunsets and beautiful country, The journey as far as Yang Ch'ang Tsi Goh is though desert. The tent has proved waterproof, very interesting. You see lovely droves of horses and we have been glad of sleeping bags. Some careering over the steppe; you pass camel cara- nights have been quite cold but we've had no really vans and gaily dressed Mongols, Lamas and mer- cold weather yet.

chants, all were very friendly, interested and In EdsingoI we found Dr. Horner of the Sino- happy (outwardly at least). Beili Miao was busy Swedish Expedition. He entertained us royally, when we pased through as the Panchan Lama seeking to help and advise us in every way. He was there and many pilgrims had come to see has loaned us a large yurt (Mongolian circular him. felt tent). So we are very comfortable and are Yang Ch'ang Tsi GQh was our first rough ex- waiting for Cerat to return from his inquiries perience. It is not really unsafe but quite un- regarding a guide to take us to Hami.

[564 ]

Evangelization of the World in

Generation By PROF. KENNETH SCOTT LATOURETTE, Ph.D. New Haven, Conn.

Professor of Missions and Oriental History, Yale University WHAT has happened to the motto, "The ever, as many of us remember, was meant giving Evangelization of the World in this Gene- to all those now living an opportunity to hear the ration"? Many who are still in their late Gospel with a sufficient knowledge of it intelligentyouth can recall when much was made of it. As ly to accept or reject it.

the official watchword it was blazoned in huge Another factor has been the reaction from the letters across the platforms of the Quadrennial "extensive" to the "intensive" policy in missions.

Conventions of the Student Volunteer Movement. To many, "The Evangelization of the World in Its realization was one of the chief objectives of this Generation" has meant the establishment of the Laymen's Missionary Movement. Many pro- a large number of mission stations, most of them claimed it as an attainable goal. It had a marked understaffed, a superficial, broadcast method of influence in shaping missionary policies and pro- proclaiming the Gospel message, either by the grams. written or the spoken word, and the neglect of a Yet in late years we have heard less and less careful tending of the communities of those re- of it, and that little is often accompanied by a cently become Christian. The "extensive" policy half apology or thinly veiled cynicism. Officially has often meant absence of careful supervision, it remains the watchword of the Student Volun- lack of emphasis on trained leadership and of teer Movement, but no publicity is given it. Many growth in the Christian life. Laying the founda- of the younger generation of Christians, even tions for a strong continuing Christian commu- those committed to the missionary enterprise, nity, capable of taking its share in spreading and have scarcely heard of it. Certainly it forms no making effective the Gospel message, was sacri- part of their thinking. No longer is much said by ficed to reaching quickly as large a district and most of our major boards of the "unoccupied as many people as possible. From this policy, :flelds"-those regions still vast where the Gosp~l with its disastrously superficial results and its must be carried if all men are to have the privi- waste of missionary life and money, a reaction legp. of hearing it. Here and there are movements, was to be expected and has been in progress for some of them engaging the interest of large num- some years. bers of Christians, who hold to the motto and seek Still another possible factor is more serious, for to meet the challenge which it embodies. For it may indicate that, for the time being at least, most supporters of Protestant missions, however, great sections of the missionary enterprise are it no longer has an appeal and it would be a hardy slowing down and losing the sense of urgency.

mission board which would place it in the fore- Back of the watchword was the passionate confront of its publicity. For the time being at least, viction of the need of all men for the Gospel of "The Evangelization of the World in this Genera- Christ and of the infinite tragedy of the untold tion" seems to have been relegated to the archives millions who die without ever having heard it.

of half-forgotten slogans. In many of our church circles this sense of need The muffling of this watch cry of other years has weakened. As a partial substitute for it has is no accident. The causes are many and the come the conviction that missions have an impor- change may prove to be an indication of a funda- tant function in rural and village reconstruction, mental revolution in missions. One factor is to in meeting evils in industry, in relieving famine, be found in a widespread misapprehension. By in establishing better racial relations or an im- many "The Evangelization of the World in this proved international order. As a rull, these ob- Generation" was believed to be equivalent to "The jectives do not call forth such devotion and sacri- Christianization of the World in this:Generation." flce as does the conviction of the eternal loss suf- Under such an interpretation the watchword fered by those who sink into Christless graves.

would, of course, have been fantastic. By it, how- Many have acquired an easygoing tolerance of [ 565]

other faiths and to large numbers the threat of tinues, in some regions at an accelerated pace. "secularism," which has been substituted for non- Those peoples who, like the Japanese, have suc- Christian faiths as the major enemy, does not cessfully revolted against the control of the West seem sufficiently grave to warrant heroic meas- have achieved their political and economic autonures. On top of all these elements in the situation omy only by sacrificing their cultural independcame the World War, with its subsequent disloca- ence and adopting much of Western civilization. tions, and now has followed the financial depres- This continued disintegration of the older cultures sipn with its staggering blows to Board incomes. means that the traditional forms of resistance to the Christian message are continuing to weaken. As result of these many factors, the missionary The place of the foreign missionary is most cerenterprise is tending to dig in rather than to ex- tainly being altered, but, if new methods are pand, and even to retrench. To be sure, this is formulated and the younger churches can be put not all loss. It is leading to the placing of more in the forefront of leadership, the door of opporresponsibility on the younger churches which have tunity was never so widely open to the Christian arisen out of the missions of the past century and message. a half. It is accompanied by a more critical appraisal of methods and results than we have yet The factors which have been responsible for the had. neglect of "the evangelization of the world in this generation" must not be permitted to obscure the The Expanding Program continuation of the obligation embodied in that slogan. We must revive it, if not in these exact However, we need to recognize the significance words, then in others which will convey the same of the change. From the time of William Carey meaning and sense of urgency. We must, indeed, the Protestant missionary enterprise has had a not only revive it but greatly add to it. It reconstantly expanding program. We have believed mains eternally true that if the Christian message that, no matter how dark the immediate present "is not true for all, it is not true at all." So long might be, the future was "as bright as the prom- as we remain convinced Christians we must seek ises of God." We have had the conviction that we to share the Gospel with all mankind. If the faith must be ever entering new fields, opening new we profess is not the wellspring of our lives, then missions, founding new stations. In this we we had best either discard it or ask whether we shared the spirit of our age and civilization. The are missing what it may hold in store for us. If missionary enterprise has been intimately con- God in Christ is the source of life we must en- nected with that expansion of European peoples deavor to make others aware of Him. If the Gosand cultures which has been such an outstanding pel is true it remains the obligation of each genfeature of the past four and a half centuries. eration of Christians, as it has since the very be- That expansion of Europe, however, is ceasing, ginning, to try to give that message to all their at least in its economic and political aspects. The contemporaries. If we Christians ever lose sight tide has, indeed, begun to recede. In the Far East of that objective, if we narrow the horizons of European supremacy is being effectively chal- our planning to anything less than the entire hu- lenged by the Japanese, and only somewhat less man race, then we are both recreant to our trust effectively by the Chinese and Filipinos. In and are tacitly admitting our lack of conviction as India Western political domination is passing. Of to the importance of the Gospel for ourselves. the major sections of the world, only in Negro Africa is the frontier of European dominion un- What ,the Watchword Means shaken and unthreatened. We now see that this recession of the wave of European conquest has This does not mean that we must abandon the about it an air of inevitability. Western peoples "intensive" and adopt once more the "extensive" could not permanently hold the remainder of the policy of a superficial broadcast preaching of the . world in subjection. Other peoples were certain Word and many small understaffed Christian sooner or later to acquire the machines and the centers. Nor does it mean that we must close our political and economic organization by which they eyes to what being Christian involves in trying to had been subdued. Christian missions, however, make the Gospel effective in the social, economic, inescapably feel the results of this decay of Euro- international, and interracial relations of life. We pean domination. The efforts we are making to must bear in w.ind future, unborn generations as transfer to "nationals" the control of the churches well as our own, and for their sakes we must do we have founded are merely one evidence of that all that we can to see that strong, intelligent Chris- associatiOIf. tian communities are developed in every land to carryon, in ever-growing power and with decreas- We must not too lightly assume, however, that ing foreign assistance, the Christian task. We the passing of Western political and economic must, too, if we really strive to love our neighbors, control means the end of Christian opportunity. The disintegration of non-European cultures con-

THE EVANGELIZATION OF THE WORLD IN THIS GENERATION

seek in every way possible to help them realize ested. The writer recently gave to the Student that fullness of life, free from debasing economic Volunteer Movement a copy of the pledge which conditions and soul-destroying enmities, which we reads: desire for ourselves as .we pursue it, the implications of our Christian calling become ever more We hold ourselves willing and desirous to do the Lord's complex and far-reaching. work wherever He may call us, even if it be in a foreign land.

It does mean, however, that we must never al- Under this pledge are the names of thirty-four low present discouragements or apathy to narrow girls. Grace Wilder, our gifted and consecrated our horizons. We must continue to plan with the leader, served in India; Elizabeth Post, at Graaf whole world in view. We must not be content to RO.eiPnreets,tSoonu, t1h88A2f-r8i9c;a;anadlsoAninnaSoCu. tCh uAmfmricinag, sM, 'a8r3y, see Christians acknowledge, even tacitly, that any who was Vice-Principal and Principal of Huguehuman being exists who does not need the Chris- not Seminary, Wellington, South Africa, where tian Gospel or who does not possess an inalien- her service was lifelong; Mattie Pixley, '86, who able right to hear it. Nor must we ever be will- joined her parents in East Africa; Carrie Koering supinely to consent to compromises with a ner, '85, later Mrs. Lyman P. Peet, of Foochow, pagan faith or manner of life. We cannot com- China for twenty-eight years; Mary Hall, '83, pletely withdraw from the world. In practice, taught at Constantinople College; Helen Flint therefore, we are often less than Christian in the also taught in Constantinople College; Emily Bismany institutions and contacts in which our com- sell, '83, gave forty-four years to India; Marie plex civilization binds us. To be content with Oldham's field was Poona, India. While Ellen being less than Christian, however, is to deny the Peet's name is not here, she was a member, who, faith. We must continue to be awake to the eter- as Mrs. George H. Hubbard, gave her life to China nal tension between our Christian principles and and was buried there after forty years of service. the less than Christian society in which we are More than thirty years of the writer's life were inextricably enmeshed. We must never be satis- spent in work for girls in the Near East, under fied until that tension is removed by that society becoming fully Christian. While we may not see the American Board. the evangelization of the world a reality in our Not all were called to foreign lands; some were generation, we cannot, if we are Christian, be content with planning for any lesser goal. Let us, called Up Higher to special service; others, to then, once more revive the slogan of other years, and add to it. service in the homeland. It would be impossible to count the years of foreign work or of useful labor in the homeland The Story of the Mount Holyoke Mis, which were given by the members of this M. H. sionary Association, 1878,1884 M. A. Not all names have been mentioned, but these will suffice to prove that the M. H. M. A. By MARY L. MATTHEWS, has a right to be called the predecessor of the Student Volunteer Movement. It is the under- Recently a Missionary of the American Board in Macedonia standing of the writer that Grace Wilder told her brother Robert to go to the Conference at Mount NEARLY half a. century has passed since the Hermon and organize the S. V. M. and she would founding of the Student Volunteer Move- be praying for him at home in Princeton, N. J. ment at a Conference at Mount Hermon, What her life has meant to the world in foreign Massachusetts. Dr. Robert Wilder and Rev. John missionary work and in turning others in that di- Foreman will always be honored for their con- rection, no human being can estimate. nection with the Movement from its beginning. Many missionaries went out from Mount Holy- Probably less than a score of persons now liv- oke Seminary in the years before the M. H. M. A. ing know that there was a forerunner of the S. was formed, but that organization gave an added V. M., dating from 1878 to 1884, at Mt. Holyoke impetus to the cause. A tablet on the wall of the Seminary. It was called the M. H. M. A., mean- College Library lists the missionaries who were ing the Mt. Holyoke Missionary Association. Here pupils in the first fifty classes of the school, and a band of girls formed what was probably the the writer counts it a high honor to be named on only secret society in the Seminary. that tablet. The names of foreign missionaries from the institution in its second fifty years are M. H. M. A. meetings were held on Sunday inscribed in a beautiful parchment book. afternoons, once a month, and little notice was taken of the girls as they. passed quietly into the The Student Volunteer Movement has rendered room. Members were recruited by personal in- immeasurable service to the wide world in recruit- ing missionaries from many institutions of learn- vitation to those who seemed likely to be inter- ing.

Preach the Good

From the Baccalaureate Sermon Preached to the Graduating Class of the Near East School of Theology By JAMES HOWDEN NICOL, Beirut, Syria PREACH the Gospel-this is the whole com- mankind throughout the world, to their food and mission and the charter of the messenger of clothing, their transport by land and sea and air, God. The commission was delivered by Christ all are the legitimate field of trade. Of course himself. It has been passed down the centuries trade is legitimate and essential, but it is some- through a great succession. The Gospel-the times so sinister as to slink into the forests of "good news" of God's loving interest in all men, Africa and South America and the islands of the a loving interest exhibited in the earthlyexperi- sea, and pillage and rape and even murder in its ences, the death, the resurrection, the revealing own interest; it may make the people virtual words of Jesus the Christ. This is the content. slaves; and such are the distances in time and And what is the spirit! Someone has said, "the space between the deed and those who are ulti- ministry dare not be a profession at all, it is a mately responsible for it, that even Christian peo- passion." The great apostle said "Woe is me if I pIe may profit from it, blinding their eyes. And preach not the Gospel." This ,is the passion. those who thus exploit life, are the first to oppose Now the preacher goes forth to preach, and the approach of our servant of God with his pas- what does he find? If the world were eager for sion to witness about the worth of the soul of man preaching, the world would not need it. Its need -his passion to tell the Good News of God's lov- is in proportion to its reluctance. Therefore the ing interest, his passion to tell of the abundant minister's passion must be sufficient to carry him life for rich and poor alike.

past and through the world's opposition and We are commended for saving little children; through this reluctance to hear the Word of God. from starving, when we give them cleansing, food, The world seems to be clear for every sort of clothing and shelter, but many dispute our right preaching except the preaching of the G0spel. to share with them our knowledge of the Friend The passion of the servant of God to spread his of little children. I can give them much that is wares seems alone to provoke a strange opposi- good, but I am told not to give them of my best- tion. A bright salesman of a new variety of soap, my passion is taboo.

or of a new excellence in cosmetics, or of new As to the reasons for this strange prohibition models in radios, or new streamlined autos, which too often inhibits our passion to proclaim arouses no resentment and no opposition, unless the Word of God, we might mention two or three.

from competitors in the same line. Unfortunately There is always opposition from those whose, the same is true of the spread of less harmless selfish aims are frustrated by the presence and the wares. A company of men can sit down to plan preaching of the true servant of God. This has a great crusade, to create a great slogan and se- always been so. And it will be so, so long as sin- lect a goal, which may be to "put a cigarette into ful men can exploit weakness and ignorance and the mouth of every man, woman and child in poverty. It was so in Paul's day when the preach- China," and from the world there is little but ing of the apostle interfered with trade in amulets praise for the clever and effective extension of and idols. Demetrius the silversmith and indi- trade. But for a company of men to sit down and rectly Alexander the coppermith had cause to be counsel how they may put the word of a new and angry. And it will always be so. One of the things abundant life into these same Chinese raises a about Jesus that caused bitter opposition to Him storm of protest. Extracting oil from under the was that because of Him the poor had the Gospel feet of the inhabitants of Persia and Irak is an preached to them, and it opened to them the pos- enterprise to command the admiration of the sibilities of personality that made oppression less world. But any suggestion for a more aggressive easy. This makes it one of the functions of the effort to share with Persians and Irakians this Christian sometimes to preach as did the forerun- Gospel of Christ, is met with coldness and suspi- ner of Jesus, John the Baptist, to stir up these cion. Men do not hesitate to use the influence of nests of poisonous vipers and make them flee from politics and government to gain their commercial the wrath to come. Any preacher should know ends. From the oil and minerals under the feet of that life round about him, with all its seeming [568 ]i fairness and beauty, is full of these. There were sists in sharing, and there must be a way whereby preachers in the days of Amos who gave their we can freely give our best. attention to those who oppressed the poor. So today these oppressors must be warned to flee Sometime ago a very earnest Moslem leader from the certain wrath to come. With this John turned impulsively to me, clasped my hand the Baptist preaching there must be the preaching and said: "Oh, my brother, would that you had of hope to the penitent-but until he becomes the joy that comes from allegiance to our Great penitent he will like neither the preaching nor Prophet." He was living the life of sharing. He the preacher. Today, he and his kind, operators should be free to do it everywhere. So should you of unfair homes, and unfair shops and unfair and so should 1. That is what makes a happy factories-will tell the preacher to keep still, or world. "Freely ye have received, freely give." worse, will tell him to prattle sweet nothings to soothe the souls of the oppressed and make them 3. A third phase of our life today that leads forget their wrongs. Shall I allow this to silence to the same difficulty is the growth all over the my voice, or limit my speech, to make the Word world of the intense nationalistic spirit, connected of God of none effect? in many places with a growing strictness and with serious limitations on the preaching of the Gospel. Religion and Religions The spirit regards such preaching as subversive of social peace and a proper patriotism. 2. A second inhibition comes from the distinction between religion and religions; from the What then shall we do with our commission and seeming necessity of respecting all religions, even our passion to preach? Well, men of God have at the cost of losing opportunities to share our always refused to be silenced or limited. Our own with others. In these Near Eastern lands, business is to introduce Jesus Christ to the world where the three great monotheistic faiths meet, which needs what He has to give-with no trapthe problem becomes most difficult, further in- pings of ecclesiasticism, or undue insistence on tensified by the divisions within the religions creeds and forms, but only as the Saviour from themselves, especially among those called Chris- sin and the Lord of Life. The chances are that tian. Because of this, the minister with the pas- trade, religions, nations will find benefit rather sion for witnessing is inhibited at the very start than injury from a greater knowledge of Jesus, from freely sharing his faith. He himself feels but that is not for us to judge. Men struggling it is not quite Christian to discount another per- with sin and wrong need him, and that is enough. son's religion; he naturally hesitates to break up Our passion is to share with all our knowledge of home allegiances even if Jesus did say that such a great Friend whom not to know is to suffer revolutions in family life were sure to follow the grievous loss. Now in this work of introduction preaching of the Gospel. Here in the Near East let us clearly understand two things: his hesitancy is increased by the fact that political and personal rights are linked up with religious Introducing Jesus, the Saviour allegiance, so that what was meant to be a simple relationship between the soul and God, becomes 1. Be sure that it is Jesus the Saviour whom a most complex thing, with courts and judges, you are introducing. Inevitably there comes the legal forms, sanctions entering in. All this has temptation to present Him so that He shall be brought extreme sensitiveness, tending to dis- attractive and undisturbing to the world as it is. courage the frank sharing of one's faith with During the Great War we even had Jesus preothers. sented as preaching the necessity of armaments. The minister of Christ, seeing the world as it We hear constantly that religion must be left is with its notions of success, its personal rivalout of account while we concentrate on "good ries, its material pride, its exclusiveness of feeling" and brotherhood. Nor is this confined to race and wealth, its changing philosophies and the Near East. Everywhere in the world there pyschologies, each having its vogue for a dayare praiseworthy attempts to bring about a spirit this Christian witness ashamed at the "foolishness of understanding between the Christians and the of preaching" this other worldly Gospel, shrinks Jews but such attempts may be so conducted as to from the thought of introducing Jesus to this leave the Saviour practically outside the door of world. Oh, that He had been more practical, more a good fellowship meeting. Surely no Christian sensible, more successful; less in the clouds and should hesitate to cooperate with high-minded more on the earth. Oh, that He had kept still men of every faith, but not at the cost of losing about some things that make Him so unacceptable his message. We should not be satisfied with a to life as it is! Surely He didn't mean all He said! world like that, an unprogressive world that So the Christian witness says to himself: "I'll does not admit of the free sharing of good gifts leave out this and I'll put the soft pedal on that, and good news with each other. True living con- and I will make Him more like the pattern of life as it is. Thus too often a strange person is being introduced, made up of partial views of the Christ,

the Great Saviour of the world, and being partial, ality. In some way or other these qualities must an insult to God and a tragedy to needy man. I be made to appear in the life of the witness in wonder if to such a witness God's word may not some degree. The great words must be embodied well apply, "I would that thou wert cold or hot, in a consistent life. It must never be truly said of but since though art neither cold nor hot I will us that our lives are so loud with the noises of the spew thee out of my mouth." world, that the people can hear nothing of His words through us. Living letters are we. What It is the whole Gospel, the whole Person, the do the people read as we pass by? whole Word, with all its implications, that is to be preached. Christ is not to be made acceptable There was a nobleman on his way to visit a to sinful man, but sinful man, seeing Him in all friend in the country. A servant was sent to meet His beauty is to be made acceptable to Him. the guest at the station and asked, "How shall I know him?" "You will see a tall man helping 2. Moreover preaching is not confined to spok- somebody." en testimony. Many discount the value of sermons today, saying that Christian living is pref- Here then is the servant of God with his COlllerable by far, and the less preaching the better. mission which is also his passion. Let us go into There is no need of praising or discounting either the quiet places with our Lord and Master to get to the detriment of the other. And yet the preach- the strength that is needed to preach the Gospel er does realize that the Saviour whom he presents to a needy world-the Gospel which is the "good to the world cannot be'exhibited as a visible and news" of God's loving interest, expressed in the tangible person. We know nothing of His person- fullness of Jesus Christ.

WHY SUPPORT CHRISTIAN MISSIONS?

Because I am a Christian, a member of the Church, which is the Body of Christ. Our Lord established the Church on earth to evangelize the world. If I do not work towards the purpose for which the Body was made, I have no right to membership in it.

Because as a representative of Christ my love must embrace all nations, all types of men as His does; my sympathy must have bounds as wide as His.

Because in these days civilization is reaching to the outposts of the world and changing the lives of even the most primitive races. Civilization emanates primarily from the white races of which I am a member. It brings disease and death and an overturning of age-long beliefs, and can only be a blessing to the world in so far as its power is used in the name of Christ.

Because every nation has a special gift to bring to the Church of God, and until all have made their contribution, the Church can never reach the fulness of its life.

HOW SUPPORT MISSIONS?

1. Consider the call to personal service abroad. I have no right to send others unless I myself am ready to go, if God demands this of me.

2. Pray for missions. My prayer must be intelligent and regular. I must pray not only for the world, but for individual missionaries and their work, and my prayer must be offered in certain expectation of a definite answer.

3. Give to missions. Money is a sacrament, inasmuch as the use of it is the expression of those things we believe to be most worth having. I must compare my personal expenditure with my gifts to God. I must compare my own circumstances with the needs of others. I must compare the help, sympathy, and skill that I can claim with the loneliness and suffering of others.

4. Study and learn. There can be no real prayer without knowledge, for without knowledge of the ·magnitude and glory of the work there can be no intelligent desire for its progress; and prayer to be effective, must be the outcome of intense desire.

5. Interest others. Therefore, I will ask God to cast out from me the dumb devil of false pride and false reserve and try by my own enthusiasm and willing sacrifice to win others to help in evangelizing the world.-From the Presbyterian Mission House, 16 Falkner Street, Liverpool, England.

Second Coming of

Does the Premillennial View Cut the Nerve of Missions?

By REV. HENRY W. FROST, D.D., Princeton, New Jersey Author of "The Second Coming of Christ",' American Home . Director Emeritus of the China Inland Mission I T IS not the man who determines his objective; His heavenly state. He was, in consequence, an the objective determines the man. Objectives incomplete and unperfected man, but, as he saw are fixed; it is the man who changes. Hence, Christ exalted and enthroned, he fell at His feet as a man thinketh, so he is; and, we may add- as dead and immediately became God's mightiest since a man thinks as he sees-as a man seeth, so seer and prophet. These were transformations he is. Let a man see small and he is small; let by objective, Paul and John and many another him see large and he is large. Let him see near New Testament saint being utterly and forever and he lives near; let him see far and he lives far. altered in character and purpose by looking upon Let him see earth and he is earthy; let him see Him whom to see is life indeed.

heaven and he is heavenly. Objectives are forma- It was in expression of this principle of transtive in their influence, transforming the watcher formation by objective that God set before Israel for woe or weal. Objectives, therefore, are pro- in Old Testament times the promise of a coming ducers of character; of whatever sort it is. Cer- Messiah. From the garden of Eden, when the tain men of old discovered that certain other men seed of the woman was predicted, to the Bethlewere Christlike. Their explanation was that they hem manger, when that seed was brought into had been with Jesus and in seeing Him had be- life and light, God, by all the enticements that He come like Him. could devise, sought to make men look up and on God recognized this principle in Old Testament to the coming of Him who should be called Wontimes. It was not enough for Him to create Adam derful, Counsellor, The mighty God, The everand Eve; in addition, He gave them an environ- lasting Father and The Prince of Peace. It was ment of "all things fair and beautiful." It was this objective which made Israel to differ from not enough to give them to see growing herbage the nations about her and enabled her to become of tender green and fruits and flowers; He gave a separated, holy and mighty nation. That statethem also the vision of the Lord Gop, who walked ment concerning Moses in Egypt, "He endured as with them in the cool of the evening of every seeing him who is invisible," is symptomatic, day. And thus, long later, He revealed Himself being the explanation of the miraculous fact that to Abraham, Moses, Isaiah and many others as Israel has never been assimilated or annihilated. the "Vision Beatific," the sight of whose person In spite of her blindness of heart, she has looked could lift the low to the high, the little to the for a King and a kingdom and so has been strong great, the self-centered to the ~.ltruistic. to endure.

It was this same principle of transformation by Now, it is to be noted that what God did for objective which was so powerfully operative in Israel, He has done for the Church. For He has New Testament times. Take, for instance, the set before His present people, a new and great man Saul, who became Paul: spiritually speak- objective that He may lure them by sight of the coming King and kingdom, to nO,ble purpose and ing, what a small-minded and small-souled man splendid action. He has been frank to tell them he was as he went on his way to Damascus. Of that hard tasks are required. But He has incited course, he thought he was large and great, with them to undertake and accomplish these by the letters in his saddle-bag from the influential San- very splendor of the ultimate in view. As to the hedrin and with the mighty purpose in his breast outcome, think of these statements of the apostle of haling men and women and committing them Paul: to prison. But God suddenly gave him to see himself as he was by showing him Jesus as He was, Do ye not know that the saints shall judge the world? and from that moment Paul was transformed . ….. Know ye not that we shall judge angels? from the paltry. persecutor of Christians into the great apostle to the Gentiles. And think of that other statement made by the apostle John, Or take, f or m· stance, J 0 hn the apostIe wh0 had givIesnawunthtorotnheesman..d.t.h.e.yansdattuhpeoyn ltihveemd aanndd jurediggmneedntwwiaths seen Jesus on earth but had never seen Him in Christ a thousand years.

[571 ]

Such VISIOns of future power and glory are universal kingdom. That was premillennial teach- almost overwhelming! And yet God gives them ing and it then and there changed the whole cur- to us. Moreover and above all, He grants us to rent of my life, for I saw that riches, music, foresee the future, infinite exaltation of Christ as literature and other like things were desirable, King of kings and Lord of lords. And all this is but very secondary, and that the one great ob- to constrain us to gaze upon the glory that ex- jective in life was to prepare the way for the celleth in order that we may pass from glory unto coming of the King. The result was that I gave glory. Israel had a great vision set before her, a my life to missions, and to foreign missions, that babe, a man, a cross, an atoning death, a resurrec- I might do my small part in gathering out God's tion and an ascension. Powerful was the influence elect against the day of Christ's return. Since of this sight upon those who had eyes to see. But then I have become acquainted with hundreds of God has placed before us "the vision magnifical," great and good men in England, America and a coming, a throne, a crown, a scepter, a King, a other lands, who have gone through a somewhat kingdom; and he bids us visualize these things similar experience and have confessed that the that something of their luster and power may fall dedication of their lives to the cause of Christian upon us. missions, at home or abroad, was largely brought The writer of these lines believes in the pre- to pass by the acceptance of premillennial truth.

millennial second coming of Christ. But he would Indeed, I have reason to believe that literally thou- not say that the premillennialists are the only sands of men and women have gone forth into Christians who have an inspirational objective the darkest and hardest places of the earth, con- before them. The postmillennialist looks for the strained by the hope of hastening the coming of personal return of Christ and for a kingdom the Lord. Mr. Hudson Taylor once told me that which, through Gospel preaching, will be estab- the premillennial view was the inspiration of his lished on the earth. And the amillennialists look life and had been the chief incitement that had for a personal return of Christ and a kingdom taken him to China and had led him to form the which will be realized in heaven through the eter- China Inland Mission. Most of his followers have nal ages. By the token of sanctified lives, all the been like their leader, for the large majority of world knows that hundreds of these saints, as the over one thousand missionaries connected with they have looked upon the face of their Lord, have the Mission are in China today largely because been irradiated by the light that comes from His they are looking and waiting for the advent of the person. Moreover, men recognize the fact that Christ.

this light, in the persons of these saints, has been While premillenarians would not compare them- shed abroad into most of the dark places of the selves with others, and would not criticize those earth, until tens of thousands of those who were who differ from them in respect to prophetic dwelling in midnight gloom have come to know truth, they harbor the conviction that premillen- that the splendor of God's sunrising has shone nial views hav.e given them certain important and even upon them. So then, it is our conviction that precious outlooks. I have no right to speak for true Christians who look by faith upon the glory others in this particular, and yet I may venture of the Lord are, each in his own measure, trans- to classify their thoughts somewhat as follows: formed both in life and service. First, this doctrine has made Christ nearer and But the writer cannot leave the subject just dearer to them, and His promised coming more here, for his experiences have been too deep and long to allow him to pass lightly over the value of realized and desired; second, it has given to them premillennial truth, and this as related to mis- a sense of spiritual proportions which they might sions. I well remember the day in Attica, New not otherwise have had, wherein the things which York, when Dr. William J. Erdman expounded to are seen are temporal and the things which are me the meaning of Nebuchadnezzar's dream as not seen are eternal; third, it has developed withrecorded in the ,second chapter of Daniel. I was in them the consciousness that there is only one a young man then-it was forty-nine years ago- thing really worth living for, namely, the gatherand filled with earthly ambitions, to be rich, to ing out, the world over, of the elect of God in excel in music, and to make my name known as a order that the way of the Lord may be prepared; writer, with little thought of saving souls of men fourth, it has formed within them the conviction at home or abroad. But the good Doctor showed that the only-hope of the Church in her pathetic me that God's objective in the present age was weakness, and of the nations in their pitiable disthat of making the Stone smite the image of the tress, is in the coming of the King, the establishnations until it should become a great mountain, ment of His visible kingdom and the dispensing filling the whole earth. This, my friend said, of law and justice such as no king, queen, presi- pointed to the coming of Christ, the subduing of dent or judge has ever been able to bring to pass; His enemies and the setting up on earth of His and lastly, it has given them a desire, and with

WHEN THE DEACON TALKED IN CHURCH

some a veritable passion of longing, to see the With such facts before us, and with the added wrong that was done to Jesus Christ when He was fact that it is indisputable that a large part of here on earth, wholly and forever righted, and the peoples of the earth has been evangelized by this in the very places where He was defamed and those who believe in the premillennial return of dishonored, which is His most just due. This, as a Christ, it seems almost puerile to ask, "Does the total, is the great objective which premillenari- premillennial view cut the nerve of missions?" ans believe God has placed before them, and they Manifestly, it never has; and if those who have as find it uplifting and transforming in all the va- their objective the glorious and impending appearrious walks of life. It is this objective that lures ing of Christ will continue to walk with Him who, them onward and outward as evangels of the King in promising to come again, commanded that His and the kingdom, for in thus doing they seek to gospel should be preached to every creature, it "occupy" till Christ shall come. never will.

When the Deacon Talked in Church * ====;;;;;!JI~- -··+ilfIl!.1=====B;;;;y;;;;W;;;;I;;;;L;;;;LI;;;;A;;;;M=T;;;;.;;;;G;;;;U;;;;N;;;;N;;;;'

IT WAS a warm Sunday in June, and our for- Then he prayed. The choir didn't sing that day, eign missionary sermon was to be given. But but the organ played while the collection was be- we had slept, I may say, through both sermon ing taken. Old Deacon Bright got up to pass the and offering many a time before. The sermon plate on his aisle. He was as fine a man as you didn't seem different from usual; but it just hap- could meet in a day's journey-as good a neighbor pened to come home to the deacon. The preacher and as honest a man as ever lived. He owned a took for his text the verse about, "Go ye into all good two-hundred acre farm, and had a fine family the world and preach the Gospel to every crea- -all members of the church. Jim ran the farm; ture"; and he dwelt on the "go ye." He said it Jack, the second boy, was just ready to go to coldidn't say anything about taking up a collection, lege; and Mary had her diploma as teacher, and but it did say to go, and that the Lord would never was studying to be a nurse. The mother, too, was be satisfied until we went. as fine a woman as you could find anywhere.

Most of us hadn't ever given much, only just The old deacon had been getting considerably enough to look respectable when the plate was deaf of late years, and always sat alone in the ·passed. But the preacher showed us that this front pew. He seemed to be sort of dreaming over command, "Go ye," meant just what it said, and the sermon; for as he rose to get the collection that everybody was included. I always thought plate he began to talk out loud to himself. As far that there was some special kind of call that came as I can recollect, this is what he said: to one here and another there; and that only those who felt the call had to be missionaries. But he "So that 'go ye' means me and everyone of us; said that wasn't in the Bible, and that everybody this is the Lord's plate, and what we put in is was commanded to "go"-unless they had a spe- our substitute for going ourselves; it shows how cial call to stay at home. Even then they were much we love Him and how much we are worth bound to do their best to find a substitute to go to Him, if we don't go ourselves." for them, and to help everyone to go that could. He asked us how we would feel if we hadn't any He went to the back seat, and passed the plate. Christ to go to for forgiveness of our sins, or for The back seats are always full of young men, and help in our trials, or strength against temptations, as they put their money on the plate the old man or comfort in sorrow, or guidance in perplexity; went on: "Twenty-five cents from Sam Jones. no Christ to tell us how to live here, or to tell us My boy, you'd been worth more than that to the about the love of God, and where our loved ones Lord. Ten cents from David Brown, five from went at death. This is what makes life so dark Tom Stone, and nothing from Steve Jackson; and hard to the heathen. In our gifts the preacher forty cents for four boys, and everyone of them told us to think of the Lord's command to us and could go, too; and they's worth at least twentythe heathen's need for us to go. five dollars a week each to their fathers, and only forty cents to the Lord." • Condensed from an old leallet printed by the Ringe Missionary Literature Committee. In the next pew sat Mr. Allen and his family. Mr. Allen put on a dollar for the family, and the old deacon moved away, saying, "The Lord died

for the wife and little ones too, but they have noth- too, on the plate, wife. Jim, my boy, you'd be ing to give." worth far more than that to the Lord." Jack and In front was Judge Purvis with his wife and Mary sat in the choir. two daughters. "Less than the price of one of your dinners down town; half the cost of that So the old man went on from pew to pew until pair of gloves you wear; almost as much as you he came to the front again; and there he stood spent for ice cream last week; one box of candy," for a moment, the plate in his left hand, fumbling were the deacon's comments as the coins fell from in his vest pocket. But he said, "No, that isn't the hands of the judge and family. enough, Lord; you ought to get more than that; you've been very good to me." He put the plate Then farmer John Robb put on a bill rolled up, down, and, taking out an old leather wallet, and Mrs. Robb put on another; Johnnie Robb, a counted out some bills on the plate, and said: "I little envelope bulging with coppers; Maggie am sorry, Lord, I didn't know you wanted me to helped the baby to put on another gift; and the go. Jim will keep mother and me on the farm, old deacon said, "God bless them." now we're getting old; but I won't keep Jack back any longer, and Mary's been wanting to go, too, We were all listening by this time, though we only I wouldn't let her; take them both, Lord." didn't dare to turn round, and lots of us were mighty glad the deacon wasn't taking up the col- Then the old man sat down and buried his face lection in our aisle. in his hands.

John McClay's pew came. "Worth a dollar a Deacon Wise jumped up, and said, "Pastor, we year to the Lord, and two thousand a year to him- haven't done our duty, and we know it. Let's take self," said the deacon. "Seventy-five dollars for up the collection again next Sunday." A chorus a bicycle and twenty cents for the Lord don't of Amens came from all over the church. match, Tommy McClay. Miss Eden, it looks queer for a hand with a hundred dollar ring to drop five The pastor got up, with tears in his eyes, and cents on the plate. said: "My friends, I haven't done all I could, either. I want to give more next Sunday, and I'll "Less than last year, James Stevens, but the give my boy, too." Lord bless you, too. A new house for yourself and an old quarter for your Lord, Alec Bovey. Then we sang a hymn as we closed, but it sounded different than it ever had sounded be- "God bless you, Mrs. Dean. You take in wash- foreing and can give five dollars to the Lord! What! and Minnie has some, too, and wee Bobbie. Love so amazing, so divine, Demands my soul, my life, my all.

"Fifty, seventy-five, eighty-five, ninety; ah, The organist said she believed it went through your dinner will cost more than you have given, the roof, and I guess God thought so too. Mr. Steele. A bright, new dollar bill, and spread out, too, Mr. Perkins; ninety-five cents was for The old deacon felt pretty bad when he found show. A check from Mr. Hay. It'll be a good one, out how his daydreaming had been done aloud; too, because he gives a tenth to the Lord. Two and one or two felt pretty hard at first, but they· dollars from you, Harry Atkins, is a small gift to knew that what he said was true. the Lord that healed your dear wife. That was what started our missionary church, "Ah, Kitty Hughes, that fifty cents never cost and we've kept on ever since. Fourteen members you a thought, and you Marian, only a quarter, of our Christian Endeavor Society have gone out and you could both 'go ye' and support yourselves as missionaries in the last five years-six of our . . . . . . Five cents from the father and a cent each best young men and eight of our brightest girls.

from the family; John Hull and family don't seem Jack Bright? He married the organist, and to love the heathen very hard …… Ah, Mrs. Mc- they are out on the border of Tibet, where his Rimmon, that means a good deal to you; the Lord medical skill is winning a way for Christ. Mary keep you till you join your good man that's gone Bright married the minister's son, and they went . . . . . . Charlie Baker, and you too, Effie; I doubt to Africa. The old deacon has gone to his rest if the Lord will take any substitute for you. Noth- now. I wish we had more like him.

ing from you, Mr. Cantile? not interested, I I have two of my own boys in the work, one in s'pose. Heathens at home; perhaps you're one of India and another in China, and another is get- them. ting ready to go. My name? John Donald. You're "Five cents, Mr. Donald. I don't think you'd laughing? Yes, I was the one that gave only five· want to put that in the Lord's hand; and you, Mr. cents that day; what the old man said about put- Jenkins, no more." ting it into the Lord's hand stuck to me. But I The old man came to his own pew, and as his hope to give the Lord a boy or girl for everyone wife put in an envelope, he said: "Ah, Mary, I ·of those five cents. My two youngest are talking am afraid, my dear, we've been robbing the Lord about going already" You see, the Lord said, "Go all these years. We ought to put Jack and Mary, ye"; so we're going.

of a

-<tUf11 By R. c. TILLINGHAST, New York 11)Be- I LOOKED fondly at my bookshelves. I had been some books in the hospital, where, "men have lain reading of missionaries abroad as well as in for days without a thing to read." Do you know the United States who are far from public of closet shelves loaded with the accumulation of libraries and have very few books and periodicals. a year or more? It is as easy to send them to him They are hungry for such literature but are unable as to your next town and costs little more. Is it to buy. As I looked, the pleasant feeling of pos- not better to use one's own head and heart in session turned to uneasy discomfort as I became choosing various destinations than even to use the conscious that I was a miser, for a miser is one Salvation Army where you can not know how they who hoards what he does not need. My embar- are disposed? rassment increased as I thought how superior a book-lover should be to the selfishness of one who Why save things you will never use? hoards mere money. The feeling grew until I From a college of the Reformed Church in resolved to "bring forth 'books' meet for repent- Europe a professor, who is also an editor and an ance." Some resulting experiences have been so author, writes: "My college has lost all its funds, stimulating as to almost free me from the selfish only the buildings being left …… we cannot order habit of keeping books. Some of these may serve foreign papers …… a real treat to us ……hunothers as an antidote to this seductive habit. gry and thirsty for the best literature." Probably the libraries of clergymen contain a A missionary, who is so far up country in China larger percentage than others of books which are that it took 41 days for his letter to reach me, has valueless beCause they are as out-of-date as last written to thank me heartily for some second- year's newspaper. Had these books been passed hand reading matter. He tells about passing it on when new they might have been useful to many. on and on, speaks of how the cuts in the budget I know of widows who are burdened with inherhave forced them to "dispense with what are really ited libraries which cannot be sold for an aggrenecessities, but commonly are regarded as lux- gate of five cents per volume. There is no such uries-books and periodicals." He tells of a book thing as posthumous generosity. I remember no club through which, "If your friends can spare a promise of blessing or thanks for what is bebook of travel, discussion or (even) fiction ….. . queathed. It seems wise right now to avail ourit will reach over fifty people here and in other selves of the blessing referred to in Acts 20: 35. cities." The young people among whom he works That passage is not generally believed, for if we are "keenly interested." It costs less to mail to believed it we would Jive up to it. The mail, home him a book weighing two pounds than to send it and foreign, brings proof that it is true. I will be glad to assist any penitent like myself to Oregon. who has difficulty in starting a list of donees. By contrast, I saw in a friend's apartment rows The scheme is simple and costs only it few cents now and then for postage. Just take a book from and rows of books which are seldom if ever dis- the shelf, put it in an ordinary manila envelope, turbed except to dust them. The fact that some put on that your return address, and "Secondare handsomely bound and a few were gifts hurts hand Book. No commercial value." Erase any no one but a book-miser like myself. A library notes which may make it liable for a higher rate which was intended as a "lyceum" may become of postage; address it to an appropriate recip- ient; attach llhc for each two ounces for foreign, a "mausoleum." or parcel post rate for domestic, and drop it into the Our sailors and marines on various foreign sta- mail box. Then go out and tell some other miser all about it and laugh at the glassy stare you tions are very likable boys. One of the duties of receive. the chaplains is to provide for the reading-room. From an oriental port where we have about 1,800 of them, "Private Elwin C. Weston" writes of distributing some back numbers of magazines and He that is mastered by Christ is the master of every circumstance. Does the circumstance press hard against you? Do not push it away. It is the potter's hand. Your mastery will come, not by arresting its progress, but by enduring its discipline, for it is not only shaping you into a vessel of beauty and honor, but it is making your resources available.

[575 ]

Medical Needs of the Negroes*

By ANDREW H. CARNEGIE ~- Secretary of the Negro National Hospital Fund .nA .DEQUATE hospital facilities for the Negroes A National Board of Trustees of this Fund has in America constitute a great and crying been organized, with Mr. George E. Wibecan as need, not only for the sake of the Colored Vice-President and Rev. Amos H. Carnegie, race but for the welfare of the White race as well. Executive Secretary. The movement will be in- To supply this need the Negro National Hospital corporated as soon as the other officers have been Fund has recently been initiated, the purpose of elected. This movement is an interracial coopera- which is the establishment of a standard hospital tive enterprise. From all indications the White in every city, where there are 10,000 or more and Colored races are destined to live together.

members of the Negro race. This plan has already It is, therefore, of mutual interest to both groups won the endorsement of the American Hospital that the health of all be the best, for if one is dis- Association, The American Medical Association, eased, it will not be long before others are dis- The American College of Surgeons, The National eased and endangered, regardless of efforts to Hospital Association (a Negro association) and prevent it. Dr. B. C. H. Harvey, of the University of many well known leaders in education, busi- of Chicago Medical School, quoting from the ness, State and Church. United States Public Health Bulletin 174, for Dr. Bert W. Caldwell, Executive Secretary of 1928, says: the American Hospital Association, is deeply in- The mortality among Negroes in cities of the United terested in the problem and has given advice and States is 187 per cent of the mortality among Whites, and encouragement to the movement. in the rural areas it is 149 per cent. As compared with the death rate for the white population, that of Negroes Dr. William J. Walsh, former Executive Secre- from malaria is 344 per cent; pellagra, 327 per cent; tary of The American Hospital Association, has tuberculosis, 236 per cent; typhoid, 174 per cent; puerthis to say: "The need for adequate provision for peral sepsis, 170 per cent; lobar pneumonia, 166 per cent; the hospitalization of the Colored people when Whooping cough, 162 per cent; gastric ulcer, 154 per cent. required, at a cost within their means, is acute These are the diseases that swell the Negro death rate, in almost all localities where there are large num- and they are diseases which can for the most part be prebers of these people; I am convinced that if the vented or cured. Their prevalence among Negroes indi- cates a deplorable lack of medical and sanitary care and leaders among the Negro group will take the ini- education.

tiative in a movement to remedy this deplorable Whatever improvement of a lasting nature situation, the aid of many sympathetic white peo- comes to members of the Negro race must come ple will be soon secured." Mr. Alden B. Mills, as a result of their own initiative. In spite of Managing Editor of The Modern Hospital, which their poverty, they should lead in an effort to solve is regarded as the greatest hospital magazine in their own problems and we believe that $150,- America, said: 000,000 can be raised in twenty years almost alto- gether by Negroes giving on an average of one One of the most pressing social needs in this country at cent per week. the present time is for better facilities for the hospital care of Negroes and for the education and training of The promoters of the movement propose to call Negro physicians who shall be competent to bring to the members of their race the best fruits of modern medical on the Colored pastors throughout the country, science. In so far as the Negro National Hospital Fund who are the recognized leaders of the race, to rally is able to meet these pressing social needs it will assist in one hundred per cent behind the movement and elevating the living standards of a large and important allow the use of the 42,600 Colored churches as body of our citizens. By providing opportunities for professional activity among members of their own race for collecting centres.t the ablest Negro youth, the movement will help to solve t A strong steel bank, provided with a Yale lock will be placed the economic problem which has been the root of some of our racial difficulties and conflicts. If wisely and intel- In each church and the key placed in the hand of the banker with ligently administered, this movement deserves every whom the church dOes business. From week to week the members of the church will deposit their contributions in this bank and each success. member of the church is to make himself a committee of one to win one unchurched individual to Christ, to the program of the local * The Negro National Hospital Fund is a movement founded by church and to the program of The Negro National Hospital Fund. The movement will seU this idea to the pastors and the pastors in the Rev. Amos H. Carnegie, a Methodist Episcopal minister of the turn will seU it to the people, for, after aU, whatever improvement East Tennessee Conference, who was released from the pastorate on comes to the race, must come through the leadership of the pastors. October last and sent out by Bishop WaUace E. Brown of the At the end of each month, a hospital committee, which will be or- Chattanooga Area, to give himself to the realization of his dream ganized in each locality, will take the bank to the banker, have him of adequate hospitalization of the Negro race in America and open it before them, count the contents, buy a cashier's check with proper training for Negro physicians, nurses and social workers. the amount, and send it to the treasurer in New York, who will be The movement Is nonsectarian, but Christian and humanitarian. an outstanding banker.

[5761. While the hospitals will be interracial in man- ment in one payment and get rid of it. Very few agement, until the Negro race becomes capable of people will pay one cent a week. If we can just managing them, they will be owned by the Colored see that the thing is going, twelve millions of us people and managed in the highest interest of all will put it over in a little while."

by their duly elected trustees and their successors. The following are some of the blessings which The whole enterprise will be legally arranged may be expected to come to the Negro race if the from the very start so that it will be impossible program of the National Negro Hospital Fund is for any group of individuals to deprive the race of successfully carried out: their institutions. It will offer high training to Negro physicians, We hope not only to open doors of opportunity nurses and social workers. This will be accom- for the highest training within the realm of the plished by the help of medical schools of the North, medical science to Negro medical students, by af- East, and West, in which physicians will receive filiating fifteen teaching hospitals with as many their clinical training. Each of these medical of the great medical schools of the North, East schools will be asked to take a quota of Negro and West, but to offer them, after they have fin- medical students who exhibit the highest scholas- ished their training, standard hospitals which tic ability, moral character and lofty ambitions.

shall be modern in physical set-up and scientific It will open a door of opportunty for hospital equipment, so that every new discovery or inven- practice and administrative leadership in standtion, contributory to the conservation of health, ard hospitals to Negro physicians, nurses and so- will be placed at their disposal. Sound moral cial workers, which opportunities are beyond character, unquestionable skill and unselfish ap- their reach today. proach to the problem of medical care will be the It will open a door in the clerical field to the unalterable prerequisites of every physician who women of the Negro race to serve as bookkeepers, aspires to a place on the staffs of the hospitals and stenographers and typists, which is closed to them every hospital is to be imbued with the spirit of today. service. It will reduce the enormous death rate in the White leaders in every walk of life are not pre- Negro race, which runs as high as from ten to pared to share the privileges of their institutions twenty times in some sections of the United States with the Negro race socially, economically and higher than for the White population, according culturally, but they are prepared to encourage and to statistics from a very reliable source. assist the Negro to develop his own institutions It will teach the Negro race that they must and derive therefrom the training in independence and self-determination, without which the experi- paddle their own canoe and not look helplessly ence and discipline of life cannot be acquired. to others to do for them that which they can do for themselves. There is a new day ahead for the Negro race, but it must come from within. The Negro must It is estimated that the seventy-six hospitals to decide what he wants and then he must go out and be established throughout the country by the Fund get it. He must learn to exercise rigid economy, will give employment to from 30,000 to 40,000 thrift, simple habits of life. He must begin at Colored people. the very bottom and through a process of Christian education, based upon the impregnable Rock The Negro race will follow honest and unselfish of Truth, as Gladstone called the Bible; through Negro leadership. They want a practical program that has as its objective the uplift of the masses.

the development of rugged character, such as is inspired by hardships; through hard persevering "Don't waste your time in longing for great impos- toil, which is the price of real progress; through sible things, honest, virtuous living, which is the secret of Don't sit supinely yearning for the swiftness of every great people; through peaceful organiza- angels' wings; tion and collective planning; through unselfish Don't spurn to be a candle because you're not a and patriotic leadership in the pulpit, in the class- star, room and in every walk of life, he must forge his But brighten some bit of darkness by shining way forward, and, by God's good grace, he may where you are.

yet teach a lesson of far-reaching importance, not There is need of the tiniest candle as well as the only to this country, but to the entire world. giant sun, Everywhere the colored people of the United The humble deed is ennobled when it is worthily States have manifested keen, fervid interest in done.

the Negro National Hospital Fund. They see in You may never be called to brighten the darkened it the beginning of the physical salvation of the regions afar Negro race, and they promise to rally to it. One So fill, for this day, your mission by shining just man said: "I will payoff my twenty-year assess- where you are." -E. A. Guest.

Dividends in West Africa*

Reported by MRS. EDWIN COZZENS, Elat, Cameroun CARPENTERS, tailors, mechanics, shoemak- must go on to the next town the Spirit of God ers, sawmen, masons and apprentices they would remain to convict the man of sin. Three are usually called; but for the month of days later this obdurate father sought out the July (1933) they were evangelists. The Frank nearest evangelist saying, "I can't eat, I can't J ames Industrial School was closed down in so sleep. My heart keeps saying, 'Repent! Repent!'

far as was possible so that one hundred and Here are my fetishes. I will trust in Jesus."

twenty of the graduate employees and the appren- *** tices might, at their own expense, devote them- "Don't waste your time talking to me. I'm all selves as Christians to the business of winning right. Why, I beat the drum for all the meetings men and women to Christ. July was preceded by in the chapel and I put money in the collection intensive Bible study and many hours o'f prayer and do all the things I should. Go hunt the bad as part of the preparation for the adventure to people."

which we all looked forward. "But the evangelists would not leave such a A prayer meeting at dawn was the start, and man without expounding to him the third and from there the men went in groups to their des- fourth chapters of Romans, "We have all come tinations as far as thirty, even sixty miles out on short of the glory of God; we are justified freely the many paths radiating from Elat. Returning by His grace. Where is boasting then? It is ex- four weeks later, a report hour was held in the cluded by the law of faith." .

Elat Church. Thus another man moved his house from the "We did not experience what we expected," re- sand onto the Rock.

ported Simon Nna Nsim for his group, "but great *** joy far surpassing anything we had believed. Only "We heard that you Tellers-of-the-Good-News the words of the one hundredth Psalm can express were coming but we don't want to hear your Good our joy and thanks." These industrial-evangelists News in this town."

had seen the power of God triumph over many "But we've come to be your guests!" That was untouchable hearts. an arrow which lodged in the most vulnerable "Don't talk to me about God. He killed my wife; point of a Bulu man's pride. So, they broke bread He killed each one of my four children. I was together-Bulu bread, and finally, "Living Bread born into the world an innocent babe; it is He which came down from heaven; if any man eat who should make peace with me, not I with Him." of this bread, he shall live forever."

The evangelists did their best to show the poor *** man that God gave His only Son to bring to us life, abundant life, everlasting life. They talked "You won't find any men in the next town. long and earnestly, reading from the open Testa- They were going off to repair their stretch of ments in their hands; but felt that they had ut- road." terly failed. During the middle of the night one of the group was awakened by this same bereaved The industrial-evangelists went off to the inman who said, "I cannot sleep for my heart tells dustrious road makers. me that it is I who have done wrong, not God." And there, deep in the night, this Nicodemus was "Greetings, brothers!" born again into the tribe of God's children. "Greetings! But we've no time to talk to you today. The policeman is going to put us in jail if we don't finish our road." "Sure enough, and he will. We'd better help *** you." The evangelists set such a pace for work They did their best to present Jesus as the Way, that the townsmen were soon leaning on their the Truth and the Life to a man sitting by his shovels gasping for breath. Ashamed to have own fire. They made one final entreaty before their volunteer helpers outdo them, they kept at leaving his house to which he replied again, "I their job. Soon they suggested going back to refuse. I absolutely refuse!" Immediately his their town to eat, inviting their helpers to accomlittle daughter cried out to him, "0, my father, pany them. "There are no lunch counters in the I'm only a child but I know that God IS. Don't jungle; food had to be prepared. The soul win- refuse, don't refuse!" ners reached into their pockets and laid before the The hearts of these soul winners were troubled hosts that Word which is the Life and the Light for this father and they gathered the next morn- of all men. Into five of those darkened hearts ing before daybreak to pray that even though they that Light shone that morning and Life became • C<Jndensed from The Drum Call, Elat, Cameroun. their life.

[578 ]

WHAT'S RIGHT WITH THE RURAL CHURCH

A leading citizen, a graduate of their own in- out ceasing unto God." At daybreak they began dustrial school, had reverted to polygamy, influ- again to revisit the town. By nightfall twenty encing his whole town in his downfall. All day souls had been won for the Lord whom they had long a group of ten had visited in his town with- trusted. out arousing one spark of interest; without winning one soul for their Lord who had been so Weare told that there is joy in the presence of dishonored by one of their own alumni. What to the angels of God over one sinner that repenteth. do? Go on and mark that day down as a failure? We dare, then, to call you, who have sacrificed No! Prove God to be a living God. The ten evan- that the work of Christ in many lands might not gelists found a house in which they could all sleep be crippled, to rejoice with us over the twentytogether. They divided into four groups, the night three hundred and thirty-two lost sheep who were into four watches; and "prayer was made with- found by these jungle business-men-evangelists during the month of July, 1933.

What's Right With the Rural Church By RALPH A. FELTON, Ph.D., Madison, N. J.

Professor of Rural Sociology, Drew University O NE day while talking with a man in Roch- three thousand counties have from a dozen to ester, New York, I was told that there seventy-five boys in reform schools at a cost of would be no country churches left in Amer- six or seven hundred dollars each per year. Crime ica in ten years. This man said he knew what he is expensive in more ways than one.

was talking about for as a traveling salesman he A high school girl in a rural village was on the spent all of his time visiting churches. verge of being arrested for delinquency. A Sun- This was ten years ago, and I can't see any de- day s~hool teacher took time off from her busy crease in country churches. The 101,000 rural life to win the girl's affection and enlist her in churches in America are, in fact, stronger than Christian living. As a result she is now in college they were ten years ago. Other institutions and preparing for worth-while service.

agencies have come and gone, but the rural church The church is saving countless young people is still the farmers' most loved institution. What from reaping the wages of sin, and at the same makes the church live on through periods when time saving law abiding citizens from paying the other agencies disappear? cost of crime.

The Grange is a powerful force in rural Amer- The church is our most effective missionary ica, with 8,000 units and 700,000 members who institution. Who ever heard of a shipload of are a real social and educational factor in Ameri- Rotarians sailing off to New Guinea or Burma can life. It is the only secret institution to which to give their lives to teach the ideals and prin- the fathers and mothers both belong. But on ciples of Rotary! Today 7,000 missionaries of "Grange Night" the children are left at home. In the church are preaching the Gospel in China, most states the father leaves all of the family at 6,000 are proclaiming "the Christ of the Indian home when he attends the Farm Bureau or a meet- Road," 3,000 more are at work in South America ing of his Cooperative. Rotary, Kiwanis, Zonta and as many in Africa. The church is our only and other service clubs take father or mother, but institution whose members are concerned enough not both and never the children. The girls may for its teachings to carry its message to the ends attend the Camp Fire Girls, and the boys may be- of the earth.

long to the 4-H Club or the Scouts. The church Life on the farm often becomes humdrum. The is the only institution to which the whole family dairy cows do not take a vacation. Canning sea- may belong and which all can attend. In these son in the farm kitchen comes just when a trip to days when so many things tear the family apart, the seashore is most needed. But the Christian the church is still a family institution. It is of message in the church lifts our horizon from interest to all ages; it serves all; it unites all. monotonous chores and limited fields and stifling We hear and talk much today about a "crime kitchen, so that we become a part of God's great wave." It has been estimated that the average universe. We thus renew our faith in Christ and family pays thirty dollars a year in taxes to care become more loyal and effective in carrying out for our delinquents and criminals. Each of our His program for a better world.

A Woman of Ten

, An Appreciation of Helen Barrett Montgomery I -ef I By Her Friend, LUCY W. PEABODY, Orlando, Florida Jie- I FIRST met Helen Barrett Montgomery nearly team in their home, in their church and in social fifty years ago at a missionary meeting. Since life. Mr. Montgomery had a large Bible class of then I have known intimately the life and won- men and was respected for his sterling character derful accomplishments of this great and noble and business ability. These won for him wealth leader. Young, beautiful, radiant with a com- in his latter days, so that these two magnificent pelling appeal, her greeting to me, a young mis- stewards had the joy of giving largely for the sionary just home from India, was that of a highest ends.

friend, not a stranger. We both lived in Roches- Helen Barrett Montgomery was an educator ter, and met often. Later, as Secretary of the more than a mere teacher. After a year of teach- Woman's American Baptist Foreign Missionary ing in Philadelphia, she married, and then began Society, of which Mrs. Montgomery was a mem- her life, chiefly given to Christian and missionary ber, I realized the great power of this young col- education. In 1900, the year of the Ecumenical lege woman, a graduate of Wellesley, and much in Conference in New York, Women's Boards of Mis- demand for lectures before women's clubs, politi- sions formed a committee to prepare books for cal groups and college societies. united study of foreign missions. Following the Her home education was remarkable. Her fa- founder of that committee, Miss Abbie B. Child, ther, head of a boys' school, and later pastor of a I served from 1902 to 1930 as Chairman. During great Baptist church in Rochester, gave Helen her those twenty-eight years we were fortunate to sekeen intellectual inheritance. Her mother, .a bril- cure Mrs. Montgomery as author of six study liant, delightful personality, with a wide range of books: "Christus Redemptor," a study of the Is- interests-primarily in the church-endowed her land World; "Western Women in Eastern Lands,"

daughter with charm, versatility and power of ex- which gave the suggestion of the Women's Mis- pression. As life went on her talents and training sionary Jubilee in 1910 and 1911; "The King's were all consecrated to great spiritual ends. Highway," written after her return from the tour Mrs. Montgomery was a firm believer in wom- of mission fields; "The Bible and Missions,"

an's suffrage, and was active in Rochester's civic called by some experts the best mission study book and educational interests. She served two terms ever published; "Prayer and Missions" followed, as Commissioner of Education-the only woman and, last, "From Jerusalem to Jerusalem," written to hold that position. She was President of the after the International Missionary Council Meet- State Federation of Women's Clubs, and might ing in Jerusalem in 1928. These books had a sale have gone on in these interesting activities to the of more than a half million copies and did much very top. But Mrs. Montgomery's supreme inter- to educate women and girls for the highest mis- est was centered in Christ and the Church. For sionary ideals. years she taught a Bible class, numbering hun- Mrs. Montgomery was the most popular lec- dreds of women. She gave much time to the work turer at summer Schools of Missions. She began of missions in church and county, finally becoming at Northfield when the first Mission School opened Secretary for the Baptist Board in Western New in 1904 and her work extended across the conti- York. Her freedom from home cares, through nent. -the presence of "two mothers" and a devoted aunt, One of her great achievements was the transla- was not from lack of ability or interest and we tion of the New Testament from the Greek, which were often diverted from our major missionary commanded the respect of great Greek scholars.

program to one of recipes. Dr. A. T. Robertson, of Louisville, our first Amer- William A. Montgomery, her devoted husband, ican authority, said: "It is remarkable in its ac- deserves special mention and credit for Helen Bar- curacy and clear expression. I prefer it to Mof- rett's achievements. It was an ideal marriage, fatt's translation." She did this "Just for the joy happy to the very end. She, the intellectual, col- of the work." Mrs. Montgomery had ten talents, lege woman, learned many practical lessons from and she used them all.

him, the keen business man; they made a glorious In the Woman's Foreign Mission Jubilee, which [580 ] we planned one day in Boston, she carried inspira- women, there was nothing to do but to secure tion from coast to coast. The celebration brought funds to found the Seven Colleges for Women of voluntary gifts of one and one-fourth million dol- Asia, with the motto: "Lighted to Lighten." lars to the Boards participating and resulted in With the little Indian lamp as a symbol, the womthe organization of the Federation of Women's en of America made possible the building of Col- Boards of Foreign Missions of the United States leges in Japan, China and India. Though Helen and Canada. Montgomery had taken on the executive work of President of the Woman's Foreign Mission So- She was the only woman ever called to serve as ciety of the Baptist denomination-an absorbing President of the Northern Baptist Convention. task-there was still time and strength for this Wellesley College gave her the honorary degree educational work for women.

HElLEN BARRETT MONTGOMERY A favorite and essential type of mission work in which she was greatly interested was to proof LL.D., while other colleges also conferred de- vide for Christian literature for women and chilgrees upon her. dren in non-Christian lands. Her legacy of $25,000 toward a fund for this department of Out of our memorable trip around the world, work is an example of her wise stewardship.. The with our daughters, came her book, "The King's interest will help the scanty contributions from Highway," over which we traveled together over-burdened Boards. through Egypt, India, China and Japan. Having told a little of what Helen Barrett Mont- The daughters, one from Wellesley and one gomery did, how can we describe what she was? from Vassar, added to the joy of the travels and A loving, lovely, sympathetic, generous friend, an interested great companies of girls from mission ideal woman in her home-life, her church activischools, who begged for women's colleges. They ties, her social contacts, she was deeply, truly have them now. After the trip, not merely around spiritual. Christ, her Saviour, was her dearest the world but into the heart and life of Oriental Friend-always a reality. In these days when men trust so much to intellect, and seem to lose it in a maze of doubt, she, who was always a stu- dent and scholar, retained her firm faith in the supernatural, inspired Word of God.

In later years we met often in Florida, which we adopted ten years ago as our winter home. One more "Missionary Adventure" remained: The Florida Chain of Missionary Assemblies. We had been together at the School of Missions in DeLand, the first in Florida and later, in St. Pe- tersburg. Mrs. Montgomery was delighted to see these links grow into a chain-which now an- nually covers the State.

Last March she came over from St. Petersburg with her brother, Professor Storrs Barrett, and his wife, and was her dear, radiant self. Impaired health did not matter, and days of sunshine, flow- ers and memories, with the group of friends who gathered for the "surprise party" made it a beau- tiful climax to our friendly fellowship here.

Helen Barrett Montgomery has made her own memorial, which will continue. She was interna- tional long before most American women awoke tc, that relation, and realized that the only suc- cessful internationalism to date is Foreign Mis- sions: asking nothing but World Friendship based on faith in the World Saviour. It may be that, in our present dream of making the mission colleges permanent through endowment, we may have a Helen Barrett Montgomery Chair in at least one woman's college in the Orient. This should be made possible by the many whose lives she has blessed.

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Effective Ways of Working 'Tested Methods for Increasing Interest at Home EDITED BY MRS. ESTELLA S. AITCHISON, GRANVILLE, OHIO ~'=I==============================.~ CHRISTMAS MEDITATION congregational singing of carols. In would make a deeply inspiring our program we tried, by entirely missionary presentation. An Suppose that Christ had not been oorn eliminating congregational singing, to abundance of such material is to avoid any interruption to the worship be found in most denominational That far away Judean morn. period, that all might feel the deep literature departments. Excel- inspiration and power of quiet, rev- lent Christmas pageants and Suppose that God, Whose Mighty hand erent worship. plays for schools, churches and Created worlds, had never planned clubs are listed in a catalog leaf- Carols played by a quartet of trump- let by The Woman's Press, 600 A way for man to be redeemed. eters stationed in the lighted tower Lexington Ave., New York City. Suppose the Wise Men only dreamed room drew an audience outside the church in addition to the one as- Christmas Suggestions for That guiding star whose light still sembled within. As the service was Children's Organizations glows to close exactly at midnight, pains had been taken to see that the watches An Oriental slant may well be Down through the centuries. Suppose of all persons taking part were timed given to celebrations this year. correctly. Carefully prepared pro- True stories from our mission Christ never walked here in men's grams in the hands of the minister, work in Japan and China might sight, choir director and pianist gave the be presented under the topic, closing time of each number, so that "Treasures for the King." Dec- Our blessed Way, and Truth, and adjustments could be made with ease orate the room with the usual Light. if the service proceeded faster or more emblems, arranging the chairs in slowly than had been planned. The a circle with alternating red Suppose He'd counted all the cost, items had been carefully timed at re- and green streamers extending And never cared that we were lost, hearsals, and took place in this se- from their backs to a central quence: chandelier. Under the light on And never died for you and me, a small table, set up a miniature Nor shed His blood on Calvary 10: 45 to 11: OO-Carols by trump- Christmas scene of small trees eters, beginning with "It Came Upon covered with snow and icicles. Upon a shameful cross. Suppose a Midnight Clear" and ending with Under these trees have two open That having died He never rose, "0 Come, All Ye Faithful." jewel boxes-one empty, with a gold star pasted on the lid, the And there was none with power to 11: 00 to 11 : 03-Prelude by pianist. other containing strings of pearl save As the last note of the trumpets died beads, rings, bracelets, etc. The away, the pianist took up the same story of "The King's Special Our souls from darkness and the carol and played it softly while the Treasures" may first be read grave! robed choir and the minister took from Mal. 3: 10-17, emphasizing their places. God's special treasures – his *** "jewels" – and stating that we 11 : 03 to 11: 04-Foreword by min- want to bring others to know As far as piteous heathen know, ister. Him too, adding to His jewels, as These things that I've "supposed"- missionaries are trying to do. 11: 04 to 11: 06-"The First Now- Then let each young person who are so! ell," sung by the choir. tells an assigned story of some- one won for Jesus in a mission.. MARTHA SNELL NICHOLSON. 11 : 06 to 11: 09 – The Christmas ary kindergarten or otherwise story from Luke. hold in her hand while she talks CHRISTMAS WITH A MIS- an object from the box of jew- SIONARY KEYNOTE 11: 09 to 11: 15-Carols by choir. els-the first story, perhaps, be- ing about "Rings of Gold," the A Christmas Eve Service 11: 15 to 11: 23-"Service of Lights" next about "A Ruby Necklace," pageant by young people. another about "A String of *Rev Carl H. Olson, of Kent, Ohio, writing in Church Busi- 11 : 23 to 11: 41-A Christmas story ness, says in part: read by minister.

The commercialization of Christmas 11 : 41 to 11: 47-Christmas anthem is a challenge to the Church to re- by choir. awaken an appreciation of the religious significance of this holy season. 11: 47 to 12: OO-Christmas sermon- Last year our church met this chal- ette by minister. The climax of this lenge with a Christmas Eve serv!ce sermonette was an exhortation that which extended throughout the entIre the bells of Christmas Day might find community. joyous echo in the hearts of men, and coincided with the ringing of the bell In many Christmas Eve services, which announced the advent of the the effectiveness of the atmosphere Day. created by dim lighting is destroyed when the lights are turned on for the By having pageant, story, etc., of a missionary application and • Duplex Envelope Co., Richmond, Va. giving the sermonette the same Copyrighted. keynote-all most appropriate to the occasion – the foregoing [582 ]

EFFECTIVE WAYS OF WORKING

Pearls," still another about the winner is the one who fans lated, for the most part, to the "Diamonds Rare," etc. through goal first. theme for the corresponding Every Christian may have a part and may bring extra jewels Good handwork would be mak- month. When a member reads for the King, to put into the ing a Japanese garden as a gift a book, he checks it, and if he empty box. Let the members for Mother at Christmas. "Use reads an additional one, he lists suggest what we may place a china bowl, a piece of low pot- it in a blank underneath. What within it: Our money, our pray- tery or a pie or cake tin; a small a widening of horizons that ers, acts of service at home and mirror for the pool of water or amount of good missionary readin community and, best of all, else moss arranged to use real ing will accomplish in each life. "A Christmas Gift of Self." As water; small pebbles for paths, these are enumerated, emblems etc. Make some green things Among the titles of the such as small red hearts or other growing by sprouting carrots or appropriate articles wrapped in monthly meetings are: World silver and gold tin foil, white sweet potatoes in a glass. A ten- Highways; The Highway to the cards inscribed with individual cent store can supply wee names to represent gifts of self, bridges and people to walk in the West; Highways of Goodwill; etc., are to be deposited in the garden, or these can be molded empty box. It is suggested that from clay or putty or carved Setting Sail; In and Around in boys' organizations, nuggets from soap. Tokyo; Seeing the Country, etc. of gold, bags of silver and such The foregoing suggestions like would be especially attrac- Leading thought questions are: tive, the parallel being that have been taken from "The (1) What are the qualities or Window of Y. W. A.," a publimany lads in other lands or com- cation of the Women's Auxiliary characteristics possessed by our munities in our own land would of the Southern Baptist Conven- pioneer leaders? Wherein do tion. they differ from the qualities we need today? (Blanks provided for written replies.) (2) What are my attitudes toward the Jap- anese Americans? Would I be become real gold treasures for High Lights of Some Litera- willing to (a) Meet them sothe King if they had an oppor- ture Packets cially? (b) Admit them to our club? (c) Fellowship with them tunity. As a souvenir there may be pinned on each child a red bell Your Department Editor was in the church? (d) Form friendinscribed with the name of a pleased to note at summer con- ships with them? (e) Entertain Chinese or Japanese missionary. ferences the attractive forms in them as guests in the home? It would be Oriental to send which missionary literature is (3) When you think of Japan, around invitations to s u c h presented nowadays, even to the what comes to your mind? (4) Christmas-missionary functions delight for the eye of exquisite As world Christians we discover on a tray-just one, not a whole coloring and artistic decoration. all people are more alike than supply, on the tray at one time, Real down to date psychology is different. Record here racial the tray-carrier being in J ap- manifest, also, in the adaptation qualities or characteristics which anese costume and doing his of subject matter to the natural seem to you to be universal. (5) work with much bowing and interests of the various age As we leave Japan, we carry groups. The Editor will be memories of Christian men, greeting. Oriental curios such as Jap- pleased to pass on the high lights women and youth who have anese parasols, vases, prints, of denominational literature dis- helped us to know and underfans, etc., should be used to dec- plays and packets whenever they stand their country. Record orate the meeting place. Ohaio are presented to her for review. here your impressions of the is the word of greeting; Sayo- The United Christian Missionary Japanese people.

naro that of departure. To Society has an attractive buff In a similar program guide, create a merry atmosphere, a program guide for its High-Tri "Toward Understanding," to be few native games may be played clubs, the outline taking the used among young people's mis- beforehand. In "Japanese Ball" membership on an imaginary sionary circles, some suggestive one bounces the ball very hard, trip among Orientals in the topics for consideration or meditrying to whirl around and get United States, then on to Japan tation are: (1) What seem to be back into position ready to catch for six months. During the first the most outstanding problems the ball, then trying to hit it period a statement or question which the Japanese-American back to the floor instead of han- for each meeting proposes for faces? How can we help in solu- dling it. This should be done consideration some problem as it tion of these problems? (2) five times in succession. relates to the individual in the What are my own interests?

"Japanese Volley Ball" re- group life. During the second Are they contributing to Chris- quires each player to use a fan. period the guide becomes the tian growth and development?

The goal is made by putting two Travel Book in which members (3) In what way does our books on the floor a foot apart. are expected to record the names church share with the Japanese Then a three-inch square of of interesting places they visit, in the United States? (4) What tissue paper is to be fanned people they meet and types of are the religions of Japan?

through the goal from the start- missionary work that impress What is their appeal to youth?

ing line six feet back. Each them. The "Book-of-the-Month" (5) What is the appeal of player has a separate goal, and page suggests a book that is re- Christianity to me? In what

way is it a vital part of my life, come a globe of the world. Hesi- our Church in the face of Roman interests and enthusiasms? (6) tantly touching and seeming to influence in Mexico? Why send missionaries to a cul- gaze into it, she turns to the tured, educated people like the Your Help Wanted! Japanese? Write your answer audience and tells what she sees from time to time. This subject Your Department Editor is to this question beforehand. matter may pertain to the begin- ever on the alert for "Ways of Would you revise it after the nings of missions in general or Working" that have approved discussion? If so, how? (7) in any given field, certain faces themselves in action. What a joy What do I think of the Nation- seeming to stand out as the story it is when usable material is sent alistic theory that "Nations can proceeds. At an appropriate in. Have you something triedlive to themselves"? How do we point, costumed folk enter softly and-proved-good that might be gain or lose by wholesome rela- from behind the gazer and en- passed along? While plans for tions with other nations? (8) act a scene with dialogue, then all departments of church mis- What are the reasons for Japan's softly slip out again. In this sionary activity are acceptable, foreign policy? What is the at- way a fascinating story is told, there is an especial dearth of ma- terial for pastors and Sunday titude of Japanese Christians? with action to make it seem real. school workers. (9) Can I be a Christian and be- The second crystal gazer relieve in war and the preparation places the first presently and **• for it? Could I participate in it? says: "A glorious past. But we Mrs. T. J. Hopkins, of Wayne, (10) Has Christianity made any cannot dwell in the past. What Pennsylvania, a program builder impact on the everyday world in of the present? May I read of note, has sent an outline used Japan? If so, in what ways? what I see?" And in this sec- at a national gathering in Wash- (11) After studying Japan have ond episode, missions are pic- ington, D. C., on "Building the I gained any new facts? Formed tured, in narrative and action, Nation Beautiful" which will apany new attitudes? Decided on as they are today. The future is pear in this department next any procedure of Christian left problematic in a soul-search- month. She has already subethics? ing way as it hinges on present mitted an outline for a year's acute needs. The close is an an- meetings on the theme, "God's An instructive recreation de- swer to the challenge. Harvest Field," in which the scribed in the packet of litera- monthly topics – usable in any ture is called "What? When? The number of dramatic group-are: "The Field" (Fer- Where? in The World Call- sketches in this packet shows tile Soil); "Preparation of the this being the denominational how much this best-of-all ways Soil" (Pioneers of Yesterday) ; magazine. The method is to di- of vitalizing the truths of mis- "Sowing" (Neglected People, vide the participants into Groups Migrants, Frontiersmen) ; "Sun- A, B, C and D, giving to each sions is being used by wide- shine and Rain – God's Part" group three magazines (of dif- awake workers. (When Christ Was Born – a ferent dates) and twelve ques- Christmas Playlet); "Cultivations. Working together, the ••• tion" (Teaching, H e a lin g, group must find the answers in Preaching) ; "Reaping" (Inthe magazine and write them out In The Luther League Leader, gathering Through Christian or check the page on which each an organ of the American Luth- Centers); "Binding" (Brothermay be read. A time limit- ran Church, questions for study hood Through Good Citizenpossibly ten minutes-is set, the ship), and "Storing and Sharwinning group being the one and discussion reveal the amount ing" (Stewardship R 0 u n d which is through first or which of real thought young people are Table). A Mothers' and Daugh- putting into their mission study ters' Banquet and a Book Refinds the most answers in the nowadays. Some outstanding view meeting were interspersed time. questions are: among the topical sequences.

"Missions Through a Crystal" Do you find any reason for a A budget isn*'t s*um*s to me; is an excellent program device friendly internationalism in It's happy school girls' faces, which may be worked up with Paul's address from Mars Hill? any subject matter in any de- (Acts 17: 26-28.) It's tired, sick mothers getting well, nomination. On a stand at the How do national leaders have front is placed a globe of the responsibility for changing the It's light in gloomy places. world draped completely with a viewpoints of the people as did It isn't just long columns full square of white cloth. A candle- Samuel? (1 Sam. 12: 20-25.) lighted room is preferable for Of "headachy" addition, this gazing scene. The leader To what degree do you think It's missionaries sailing out says there are present two crys- the truth in James 4: 1-3 is back tal gazers who can see into the of warped national points of To fill a Great Commission. past, present and future, telling view? It's you and I, who'd like to go, the audience what they see. The How does the preaching of And send our gifts to prove it. first of these sits down before Christ's Gospel influence the How wonderful a budget is ! the globe, gently removes the world for peace? silk scarf from it and starts It lives, and so I love it. when she sees the crystal has be- Has the Church a right to ex- press a public declaration on the -Edith G. Estey, in The question of international rela- Watchman-Examiner. tionships? (Mat. 10: 7-15.) What is the evident duty of The Council of Women for Home Missions ANNE SEESHOLTZ, EXECUTIVE SECRETARY, 105 EAST TWENTY-SECOND STREET, NEW YORK by their prophets, probably more missionary enterprise, steward- ship, and a practical leadership than Chinese who lived the training course. Groups inter- truths taught by their leaders. Yes, there is but one God the ested in dramatics, music, life- Father from the beginning who saving, and nature study were is ever seeking to express Him- also cared for. self in the sons of men; and Jesus was born Son of God and The editor seems to recall that Son of Man. some one in Honolulu said the name Kokokahi means "of one The Christian records show that Mary was not disobedient blood." One is reminded of the to the heavenly vision. "Mary Chinese saying, "Under heaven, said, 'I am here to serve the one family." Lord. Let it be as you have said.''' When Mary listened to the story of the shepherds on the birthday of the little one and heard what was said about the child and that the angels sang of "peace on earth goodwill among men," we are told that "she treasured it all up and mused upon it."

Sometimes we Christians for- get that there was a Holy Fam- ily,-father, mother and child; and that within such a family, Joseph protected mother and child by flight to Egypt.

And "Jesus increased in wis- dom and in stature, and in fa- vour with God and man."

From the New China. YOUNG PEOPLES' CHRIS- Are we Christians preparing TIAN CONFERENCE now for His advent so that in MODERN CHINESE our land the shepherds and all MADONNA At Kokokahi on Kaneohe Bay, shall hear the angels' song on the annual conference for young In our Western world the Ma- people between the ages of 16 Christmas Eve? donna is Mary, mother of the and 25 was held August 26-Sep- Christ-child. Often in China, tember 2. From breakfast at 7 young Chinese women students a. m. to "Lights Out" at 10 p. m. who know that in their tradition the days were filled with wor- even five hundred years before ship, recreation and work in Christ there were prophets or study courses such as How We teachers of men who taught a Got Our Bible, Beginnings of the way of life similar to the Chris- Christian C h u r c h, Missions, tian way, ask "Why should God young peoples course for leaders, not have come as the Christ- and a discussion course on child among us?" And one an- youth Problems. The univer- swer can be that there was a sity age group studied "the im- goodly "remnant" among the plications of the Christian reli- Jews who lived the truths taught gion for social life"; also the [585 ] Why the Church of the Cross- Church of the Crossroads this roads? in part as follows: last summer in an open, covered "The spirit of Hawaii during the pavilion where during the week years from 1915 to 1923 the year the children of the neighborhood in which the church was organ- had gathered for activities and ized was definitely turned to- which for the Sunday services ward interracial cooperation, had been made a churchly place and the intermingling of racial with a simple altar with the groups in business life and so- cross and exquisite lilies. A lay- cial life. Racial lines were not man asked for volunteers to so important as they used to be. come one hour before services Language was no longer a bar- the next Sunday to prepare the rier. Some· of them were eager place of worship. He also called to meet together in religion." attention to the children's handi- REV. AND MRS. GALEN R. WEAVER The Hawaiian Board of Mis- craft work outside the pavilion. sions met the request of young During the meditation period, CHURCH OF THE CROSS- people of various racial back- ROADS grounds for a service in English, a beautiful victrola selection and known as "The Young Peoples' the far view from the open pa- Friends from afar sent Aloha vilion strengthened the bond in May, 1933, to the Church of Service." Attendance averaged existing among the Christians the, Crossroads, Honolulu, T. H., about 100 persons. of several races who "resorted for the tenth anniversary of the with one mind in prayer." founding of the church. Jane In May, 1923, the Hawaiian Addams wrote from Chicago: Board approved the recom- The place was filled with the fragrance of the beauty of holi- The Church of the Crossroads seems mendation of the Religious Edu- ness and life. to me a singularly successful and an cation Committee "that the reunusually brilliant effort to unite quest of 61 applicants for a For your Christmas program through participation in a common cause, people of varied origins and church be granted, and that the send for Services of Worship for experiences. I predict that its his- Secretarial Council in conference World Understandihg and Peace, tory will long be cherished as that of with Mr. Weaver shall take steps a pioneer in a path so often needlessly toward the organization of the 15c; C rea tin g a World of beset with insuperable difficulties. Friendly Children, 25c; A Mes- church." Kagawa, from Japan, wrote: sage to Christians of All Lands.

I am glad to send a message to your Rev. Galen R. Weaver has MISERERE ehurch's tenth birthday. It is very interesting that your church represents been a very true pastor to the God have mercy upon us miserand serves so many nationalities, and group since the organization of that in the Hawaiian Islands you able sinners, have a Christian brotherhood, to some the church. The present par- God have mercy upon us misextent, of all races. May it be per- ticipating constituency of the fected! And may God bless your erable sinners. church to that great end! ….. . church (that is members, asso- For our ignorance and our greed ciates, and attendants in Hono- We must have a world awakening. lulu and active in one or several which have brought to I do not say "revival," for here in the parts of the program totals about Orient we have not yet heard the Gos- 250 of whom 80 are in adult di- multitudes starvation in pel, so I use the term "awakening." vision, 85 in young peoples' di- the midst of plenty. Please pray for all nations, for the Lord, have mercy upon us. so-called Christian nations, and for the mission field. In Honolulu, where From sense of our own virtue at you can look out on all the world, both eastward and westward, you can have some slight charity to the the truly international viewpoint, and do much to bring the world together unemployed, in the Christian world brotherhood, the world family of God our Father. Good Lord, deliver us.

The Rev. Norman C. Schenck, From luxury and display, while of the Hawaiian Board of Missions, answered the question, many have not where to lay their heads.

Good Lord, deliver us.

From spending billions for bat- tleships while the unem- ployed live upon a crust, Good Lord, deliver us.

MEMBERS OF THE CHURCH OF THE That it may please Thee to guide CROSSROkDS, HONOLULU, EXAMIN- us quickly into the good ING THE ACHIEVEMENTS OF THE life in which there shall be peace and plenty; a· WE'EK-DAY SCHOOL vision, – and the rest younger. sharing of labor and leis- ure and joy by all the On other islands, there are 39 members. There are seventeen children of men, members on mainland United We beseech Thee to hear us, States, and eight in other coun- good Lord.

tries. The editor worshiped -From "Prayers for Self and with the congregation of the Society," by James Myers.

AMERICA unions, but a closed shop on reli- runs one story, "and never saw a

gion, especially as regards the steadier set of officials than the Century of Progress Campaign 'Leadership Group' made up of ones that have comprised these officials and office workers. In meetings, which have been well Midnight evangelism by wom- this connection, an advertise- attended. The drouth-stricken en was a feature of the Century ment for a stenographer for the areas are ghastly in their ap- of Progress threefold Evangel- mill specified 'none but active pearance, but the men have said istic Campaign, conducted in a Christians need apply.' Prayer that those grieving the loudest congested district of Chicago's meetings have been held since are the non-religious and non- West Side, under auspices of the 1916, and since the day now has members of the churches."- Presbyterian Church. A com- two shifts the meetings are at 6 Christian Advocate. mon experience of the women in a. m. and 2 p. m. The whole at- charge was to find girls under mosphere of the mills has Giving of Poor and Rich the influence of liquor attracted changed in these 18 years. There to the meeting, and to be able to has been friendliness, a better A recent book by Robert R. help some of them physically, spirit, and more.important still, Doane, "The Measurement of morally and spiritually. Anoth- the people are happy and con- American Wealth" makes clear er activity was the nightly open tented. Through all the labor that in the prosperous year 1929 forum, when a mixed group of upheavals that have occurred, only 13% per cent of church and 150 to 180 persons-educated this mill has come through un- benevolent contributions came and uneducated, bolshevists and scathed." from persons with an annual in- atheists, communists and other come of $25,000 or more. Those radicals-gathered in the chapel U.ndaunted in Drouth with incomes from $3,000 to of Third Presbyterian Church to $25,000 gave 18% per cent of discuss social, economic, political It is reassuring to read re- all that was contributed, but and religious problems. Ques- ports from drouth stricken areas those with incomes of $3,000 and tions were presented by the au- of the West, and find that faith less gave 68 per cent of the total. dience and answered by newspa- and courage have survived. A When it is remembered that in per men, lawyers, business lead- Methodist district superintend- 1929, a total of 1,122,650 per- ers, college professors, clergy- ent in Nebraska says: sons made income tax returns men and political and social showing incomes of $20,055,- authorities. "Our churches are rallying 000,000 but deducted from those marvelously. In this worst hit returns gifts to charity totalling A third feature was the eight section almost every church will only $380,000,000 or slightly less o'clock evangelistic me e tin g meet its estimate in full. Of sev- than two per cent it is evident when the Gospel was pr.esented enteen churches not more than that the economically better off directly and simply to men and one or two will fall below, and class of Americans have not giv- women of all walks of life. Defi- most of these will attempt to en till it hurts. nite acceptances of Christ were raise the same salaries next reported daily. year. I have never seen such -Presbyterian Tribune. heroic self-sacrifice on the part Prayer Solves Business of both ministers and churches." Curbing Drunken Drivers Another writer from the same Troubles area declares: "The hardest hit An Independence, Kansas, folks are showing the most faith daily newspaper is using this John E. Edgerton, President and vision. The greatest com- unique method to rid the streets of the Lebanon Woolen Mills in plaining is done by those who of drunken drivers. When a citi- Tennessee, believes firmly that have the most. My admiration zen of Independence is arrested Christian principles will cure for the great majority of the for drunken driving he is likely any labor trouble or any other ministers and for many laymen to appeal to the local paper to kind of trouble, if they are not has been heightened by the way keep the matter out of its col- only believed in but practiced. they are facing up to the crisis. umns. Whereupon the editor "Some mill workers in the South No church has refused to make places before the favor-seeking may excel in leading strikes," an estimate for next year." driver this pledge: says a press report, but in the Lebanon Woolen Mills they are Iowa is not. behind in the The undersigned, having been ar- able to'lead a prayer meeting. midst of overwhelming disaster. rested for drunkenness and fined in ,The factory is an open shop on "I have held 21 conferences," the police court of Independence, [587 ]

wishes to have no mention made of ments – religion and crafts. Indians. This work began in the incident in the Dail" Reporter. Classes will be held during the the year 1834 under Rev. Thom- In case no mention is made of this week as well as on Sunday. The as S. Williamson, M.D., at Fort incident we promise to leave liquor only requirement is that each Snelling, Minn. The first Indian alone, and in event that we get into child or adult registered must be church had seven members, and police court again for reason of enrolled in both departments. from this beginning the church "breaking over," then the Reporter has grown to 1,475 communihas our consent to publish a news Courses will be elective, and cants, in 39 churches. story concerning the same, as well as include: Bible study, religion to mention the particulars of the case and biology, normal training -Presbyterian Banner. which caused us to sign this pledge, and likewise the fact that we signed class; confirmation class, church Broadcasting in Alaska it. res ear c h, religious forum, church history, wood cutting, Recently the broadcasting sta- More than a hundred citizens printing, process printing, ec- tion in Anchorage, Alaska, was of Independence have signed this clesiastical embroidery, piano, equipped with the latest and pledge up to date. Only three boys' choir, first aid, weaving, most efficient machinery for have broken it. In all three cases broadcasting. In the fall of 1932 the newspaper gave the full scout craft, camp fire craft, sea- the minister of Anchorage First story to the community. manship, Indian craft, Indian Presbyterian Church made ar- lore, knotting, leather tooling, rangements with the station for -Christian Century. model building, cooking, wood a weekly broadcast of religious carving, folk dancing, sewing services during the winter. The Spiritual Service for Hospitals station agreed to give the use of and dramatics. its equipment for such offerings The Federation of Churches as could be secured from the lisof Rochester, N. Y., has engaged Lutheran Strength teners-in, seeking as a goal $10 a Dr. Frederick Palmer to visit Sunday. Measured by the interhospital patients in the capacity In 59 cities of the United est shown, it was a success from of personal counselor and Chris- the start. Missionary E. L. Wintian friend. Rochester's fifty States the Lutherans are the terberger writes: "We have a hospitals, public and private, board of deacons of 12 members with more than 1,048 patients, largest Protestant denomination. appointed from those who are were thus visited in 1933. One interested, and we issue yearly of the hospitals was so much Among these cities are Albany, certificates of membership to all impressed by Dr. Palmer's serv- those who make contributions. ice that it sent courtesy cards to Buffalo, Chicago Dubuque, Du- The missionary speaks to men, all the ministers of the city. The women and children, the messuperintendent of the Highland luth, Detroit, Milwaukee, Minne- sage of life and hope as they sit Hospital writes of Dr. Palmer's about their firesides, away off in work: "I have so many times apolis, St. Paul, Toledo and the remotest cabins. Two Eskinoticed the beneficial physical mo boys up at Wainwright heard results following the visitation Wilkes-Barre. In 28 cities they the services and asked Dr. Greist of patients by a spiritual adviser if it would be all right if they that I am of the opinion that you are the second largest denomi- took down the sermon and gave are actually a part with us in the it to their people in Eskimo on work of the hospitaL" nation, the list including Cleve- the following Sunday."

Taking Care of Leisure Time land, New York, San Francisco –':"'Presbyterian Banner.

The Church of the Ascension and Tacoma. Lutherans are first LATIN AMERICA in Chicago believes that the church of today has two great in number in eight States,- Whole Family Won problems: First, the teaching of religion; and second, the Michigan 199,694, Minnesota The Baptist Church of Barteaching of the proper use of ranquitas, Puerto Rico, had esleisure; since wit h shorter 483,905, Montana 19,339, Ne- tablished a preaching point in a working hours for adults, lack home about six miles out of of playgrounds and recreation braska 130,826, North Dakota town. One evening the pastor for children, the devil has ample found a congregation gathered, opportunity for the use of idle- 134,424, Pennsylvania 604,684, but no meeting place, because, ness. This church has accord- the owners of the house were ingly worked out a new plan for South Dakota 90,190, Wisconsin away. Preparations were made its school. for an open-air meeting, when 484,348. -So S. Times. an invitation came from a neigh- "The child being father of the bor to hold services in her home man, the child in the Sunday Dakota Indians Conference This family had not accepted the school is certainly father of the Gospel. After giving the mes-. man in the pew," says the an- A most interesting commemonouncement of the new plan, ration of the 100th anniversary which provides for two depart- of Presbyterian work among the Sioux Indians was observed at Fort Peck Indian Reservation last August. One thousand per- sons attended the conference. Each family brought its own tent. Ten churches of that sec- tion of Montana acted as hosts, delivering daily rations to the tents. These consisted, among other things, of 20 head of- sheep, 10 head of beef, a number of pigs and $800 worth of gro- ceries. Each evening a group of 200 persons presented a pageant representing the various stages of progress of" Christian mis- sions among the Sioux Tribe of

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

sage the pastor extended the in- Continuing, the letter says: experience. Dinner-hour meet- vitation to those who were "Yesterday I saw the Minister ings have also been held in facwilling to accept Christ as their of War again, and demonstrated tories; hospitals, schools and Saviour. The first one to come the hand grenade and the billy centers of the unemployed have forward was the owner of the …… The demonstration of the been visited, and 3,000 children house, followed by his wife, and hand grenade was ……entirely have been gathered nightly to then the remainder of his family successful. The Minister of War listen to Bible stories. -six young people; and finally asked your best price on 100 bil- -So S. Times. three young men from the neigh- lies and 200 hand grenades." borhood, making a total of elev- Simavi in Holland en who were converted that Morris Schools Nationalized night. This grouping of letters rep- The Argentine philanthropic resents a new contribution to the -Watchman-Examiner. schools and institutes, popularly formation of alphabetical names. known as the Morris Schools, It stands for six Dutch words: Convinced at 87 Years are being taken over by the na- "Steun In Medische Aangelegen- tional government. Rev. Wil- heeden Voor Inheemschen," i. e., A Bible Society worker, con- liam C. Morris organized and Assistance in Medical Matters versing with a fervent Roman administered the schools over a for Natives. This charitable or- Catholic of 87 years of age, in a period of about 30 years. These ganization assists medical missmall village of the state of San schools have been the outstand- Luis Potosi, made him see clear- ing philanthropic work in the sion work in the Dutch East Inly the difference in the Ten Com- Argentine republic. In 1930, 6,- dies, the German work in Nias mandments which appear even 200 children were enrolled in in the Catholic Bible, and the ten them, and 330 orphan boys and and Sumatra and the Basel Misdeficient commandments which girls were housed in the orphan- sion in Borneo. appear in the Catechism of Fa- age. In the course of those years ther Ripalda; at which the old 140,000 Argentine children have The founder of Simavi was a man was very much surprised, passed through the Morris Dutch medical missionary, Dr. saying: "Eighty-seven years schools. The work has been sup- Hubertus Bervoets, who died have I lived, and I had not seen ported by private contributions July 22, 1933, in Java. He volthis bait held out to the inno- by Argentine citizens and by unteered in 1894 with his bride, cent." He invited the colporteur public spirited foreigners resi- expressing the urgent desire to to speak to all the people of the dent in the republic. In recent be allowed to carry the Gospel village "in the name of God and years the schools have also re- to the natives of Java. He was of the truth." He went person- ceived a considerable subsidy the first medical missionary in ally to give the invitations and from the national government. eastern Java and worked with ordered that the bells of the Upon the death of Mr. Morris in his wife up to 1909 in the hos- Catholic church should be rung 1932 these schools found their pital Modjowarno, to the great -there having been no priest in continuance uncertain. The de- blessing of the people. He began this church for some time. The velopment of the government people congregated, enthusias- school program had lessened the the training of native medical tically listened and bought copies need as well as the. appeal for helpers. He also founded a leper of the Bible. their support, resulting in a asylum. The last commission heavy deficit during the past two given him by the colonial gov- -Bible Society Record. years. A bill providing for the ernment was to build a hospital nationalization of the schools re- in Patio This he was no longer Missions or Hand Grenades? ceived final approval by the sen- able to finish. Dr. Bervoets and ate and was converted into law his wife worked in this field for The Living Church quotes Sept. 28. more than 37 years, their motto from a letter read into testimony being, "He who enters the servof the Senate munitions inquiry. ice of missions, has made his Rev. Paul Young, sent to South choice for his whole life!"

America by a Christian mission- -The Christian Century. French Novelist's Conversion ary board to preach the Gospel, The Methodist Times and wrote to his brother, who is EUROPE president of Federal Laborato- Student Soul Winners Leader, London, tells of a re- markable religious awakening in ries, Inc., makers of gas bombs Eighty-five undergraduates of France which is taking place in and machine guns, as follows: "We have just spent a week Cambridge University, both men the Roman Catholic Church, and of joyful life at this Indian sta- and women, have held a ten days' is going far towards influencing tion. It was a blessing to us and evangelistic campaign in the thought and remodeling life in the two devoted girls who live manufacturing city of Oldham, that country. A remarkable at this post. Six or eight In- England. Open-air meetings thing about the movement is dians expressed a desire to fol- have been held nightly at twelve that one of its leading spirits low the Lord. They have had the places, where crowds varying and most effective evangelists is desire before but have been from 75 to 300 have listened to a novelist of note, Francois pulled down by sin. Indian work the testimony of these students Mauriac. He was born in 1885, needs a great deal of prayer." regarding their own Christian and in 1922 succeeded in produc-

ing a work which placed him in AFRICA Slrull Worshippers the front rank of writers of his time. Later, he experienced con- Demand for Literature The forests of Spanish Guinea version, and thereafter devoted his literary gifts to the service Except in Arabic-speaking are still full of idols, and the of Christ. With a sensuous book areas, Africa is still without a in hand at the time, he re-wrote native literature. Now, with the Okak still ardently worship the it, condemning his former writ- demand for education increasing. His influence is now said to ing, Africans are beginning to skulls of their ancestors. Pracbe widespread and profound. read for pleasure. Missionaries add the writing of books to other tically every hut contains a box Socialists Return to Church absorbing and ·exacting duties, and African authors are increas- or basket of family skulls. In One result of the riotous up- ing. In South Africa some notaheaval at Vienna last February ble literary work has been done each tribe is a "priest" or leader has been the great flow of social- by Africans, and in East and ists back to church membership. West Africa authors are appear- of their worship. When some- Daily papers spoke of 10,000 ing. In 1933 the International having rejoined the Roman Institute of African Languages thing has gone wrong in the Catholic Church in a few weeks, and Cultures, in response to a and many are also joining the competition, received 87 manu- town, a misfortune, loss of Protestant churches. Some 2,- scripts written by Africans in 300 joined one church alone. five different languages on a va- wealth, sickness or disaster, the While the motives are partly ma- riety of subjects. This awakterial and partly political, many ened desire for reading material men gather together the skulls are doubtless moved by desire has' led to the formation of the for better things. Bible Society International Committee 0 n and adjourn to the forest shrine. colporteurs are taking advan- Christian Literature for Africa, tage of the unusual opportuni- supported by a number of mis- The priest is there; the skulls ties not only in Vienna but in sionary societies in England and Graz, Linz and other places. One America. Its bulletin, Books for are heaped into a pile, and the colporteur in Graz, in his house- Africa, goes to over 2,000 misto-house visiting, found himself sionaries in Africa. The maga- idol is placed on top; the people in the midst of a crowd of armed zine Listen, printed in simple socialists. They at first took him English for schools and village are seated on the ground. A for a spy and threatened to hang people, is used in East, West, him, but he showed them his bag and South Africa, and material chicken is provided, and as the full of Bibles and New Testa- from it is translated into a numments, and they let him go. ber of languages. priest wrings its neck over the -Bible Society Record. -C. M. S. Outlook. pile, the blood is sprinkled over Temperance in Russia Boys' Club Wins the skulls and the idol. The Russia, drastic in everything, In the sfums of Cairo a boys' spirits of the ancestors are then is also drastic in seeking to curb club was started by the Church intemperance. Thomas Murray, of England mission less than addressed. Offerings of food Secretary of the Scottish Tem- ten years ago, in the face of perance Alliance, describes their strong Moslem opposition. Ser- are placed at the foot of the pile method in the Christian World. mons in local mosques denounced The advertising of liquor is pro- the Christian effort, Arabic and the men return to their hibited, and vodka shops merely papers thundered, neighborhood intimate 'Vodka sold here,' walls were scribbled with "Be- town. The wife of the priest sometimes adding, 'But you are ware of the Missionaries." From advised not to buy it.' At the a vacant lot across the street cooks up the food and the priest entrance to factories there is a mobs collected stones and bricks miniature model cemetery with and hurled them night after has a feast. If the men complain little crosses, on which appear night; three times the premises the names of workers who are were nearly wrecked. Courage that the trouble continues, the inefficient through drunkenness. and faithfulness on the part of- The names remain there until Egyptian helpers backed up the program must be repeated with reformation takes place. If be- English missionaries, and the ing made a laughing-stock does work developed. Now a new more elaborateness, and a dounot produce the desired result, building and a playground octhe 'habitual' is given a commu- cupy the very lot where the bling of the food offerings. But nal trial by fellow-workers and stone-throwers collected their sent to an anti-alcohol clinic." missiles. for all that, many prayers once addressed to wandering spirits are now ascending to the true God. JOSEPH McNEILL.

Benito, West Africa.

Unity in East Africa A united communion service at Kikuyu in 1913 marked the first definite step toward unity, and this was followed in 1918 by the formation of the .East Africa Protestant Missionary Alliance which affirmed the three great principles of faith in the Triune God, firm belief in Holy Scrip- tures as the Word of God, and regular use of the two sacra- ments, Baptism and the Lord's Supper. There was a variance regarding ordination, but this Alliance declared its purpose to work in as close harmony as pos- sible with other missions. In 1932, with the South India scheme for union in mind, a con- ference was held in Nairobi of delegates appointed by the Scot- tish, Methodist and Anglican Churches, and a representative committee was formed to work

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

out a draft Basis and Constitu- as a medical missionary of the Anatolia College tion. This was published in L. M. S. among the same Bak- July, 1933, and expressed a hope wena people from 1845-1852. The crowning achievement of that this might be a starting There is now a strong mission a strenuous decade was realized point for a much wider union of church there. An agreement on June 17, when the new Churches in East Africa. has been made between the camP1:ls. of Anatolia College at L. M. S. and the United Free SalomkI, Greece, and the build- -C. M. S. Outlook. Church of Scotland, whose rep- ings so far as finished, were resentative Dr. Shepherd is, d~dicated. President Ernest W. Helping Ovimbundu People whereby the activities of this RIggS believes that this was a historic station shall be carried most successful inauguration of Dr. W. E. Strangway, who on henceforth by the United Free the second decade of the service has just returned to his work at Church. There will be no sev- of the college. The friendliness Chissamba, Angola, writes for erance of the church life from of the Government, the Church the United Church Record of the its parent stock, the L. M. S. and the people shown at that encouraging outlook among the Church of the Bechuana, but time was most gratifying. A Ovimbundu people. "The chil- both bodies will form a common class of nineteen graduated the dren do not have to be urged to membership, working toward valedictorian being an Arme'nian attend school. They are all the ultimate aim of an indig- who spoke in Greek. At the afgrateful for the opportunities of enous African Church. There filiated School for Girls 32 dieducation. In almost every case will be no break in the existing plomas were granted, making 51 the classroom is filled to capac- Advisory Council nor in the na- young people going out this year ity. The church, too, is rapidly tive ministry. This is a new to take their share as capable increasing her membership. venture in missionary coopera- and public-spirited citizens in Seldom a service passes without tion. The actual erection of the Macedonia and the Near East. some making application to join Hospital buildings is an illustra- A former student has put the one of the catechumen classes, tion of the use of native skilled college in his will as a residuary and €ach time there is a com- labor. legatee, hoping that this will munion service a large number ultimately provide for the erecare received into full member- -South African Outlook. tion of another building, plus a ship." student scholarship fund. THE NEAR EAST Most of Dr. Strangway's time INDIA is spent in hospital work, and he The Christian Council says: "Gradually are we gain- Why Christians Are Needed ing their confidence as they lose The Near E a s t Christian faith in the witch doctor and the Council was organized eight The editor of Dynanodaya medicine man under whose spell y.ears ago to bring into coopera- thinks that the Bishop of Dornathey were so firmly held not tIon groups of missionaries un- kal spoke very much to the point more than a decade ago. Only a known to each other. Twenty when he said recently to the few years ago, when we asked missions united at the start; Medak Indian Christian Assothe lepers from certain com- thirteen others have come in ciation: munities to come for treatment, during the past six years. The the elders and chiefs laughed at Council area comprises eighteen We Christians are necessary factors us, saying that our medicine countries-M 0 roc c 0, Algeria, in the future of India. How? India would surely fail. A number of Tunisia, Tripoli, Egypt, Sudan, today is drifting away from all rethese outcasts have now returned Abyssinia, Palestine, S y ria, ligion. Our people are today more to their native villages with the Turkey, Cyprus, Greece, Bul- materialistic than 100 years ago and leprous sores cleansed, and no garia, R 0 u man i a, Albania, nationalism has now become the'relitrace of the dread disease re- Arabia, Iraq and Persia. In gion of many of our leaders. India maining. Ovimbundu people are these eighteen countries are 181 has been known as a land of religions very appreciative of any help we Christian organizations, with a and the people of India are nothing give them and express their sin- total of 1,997 workers. Through if not religious. Next to the Jewish cere thanks in many different standing committees, coopera- nation, I can say without any fear of ways. Many of them return to tion is attempted in Christian contradiction, that Indians are incorus every year to tell us the story literature, evangelism, educa- rigibly religious. That sacred heritage of how they have been helped." tion, rei at ion to Eastern 1S now threatened…… Materialism churches and work for Jews. and godlessness are threatening the Living.stone Hospital The Council has, after eight future of India. The old gods and years, succeeded in sharing ex- religions of India have ceased to The establishment of a med- periences, reporting causes of satisfy the thinking people. We Chrisical mission at Molepolole marks failure, pooling as far as pos- tians believe that Christianity is really a notable advance in medical sible their resources, preventing the .religion that will satisfy religious service in the Bechuanaland overlapping, and promoting in IndIa; and the onset of no-religion Protectorate. Dr. P. M. Shep- some cases united action. cannot be stopped except through alherd is opening up the tracks of legiance to Jesus Christ. The reli- David Livingstone who worked -Bulletin. gious nature of the Indian nation will respond to the truth of the revelation of God in Jesus Christ. There is an- other reason why Christians are a necessity for the future national life of India, and that is the growth of corruption in public life. Weare not

ignorant of the bribes, official inter- Drink Reform Needed through His servants in spite of many ference, underhand machinations that failures, ….. in view of the greatness are becoming too common at election The Madras Christian Council of the task which awaits us in the times. Giving of bribes to electors, in August passed a series of century to come …… and finally, in and receiving of bribes from candi- view of our own weakness and utter dates, are polluting our civic life. resolutions with reference to insufficiency, of our need of wisdom What can Christians do at this junc- present social and economic and power from on high, ……thereture? We ought to be the conscience problems; among them one on foreof the country. God has given us a drink reform: conduct superior to others. 1. Resolved, That throughout the (1) That in the opinion of this coming year, we give ourselves most A Christian Procession earnestly to prayer every day, thank- Council the Christian public must ing God for mercies received, humbly Ahmednagar, one of the confessing before Him our shortcom- American Board stations, has work for the extinction of the trade ings and sins, and waiting upon Him witnessed drastic retrenchment. for a mighty outpouring of the Holy Somehow the impression got in intoxicants for the following three Spirit ….. . abroad that Christian work was collapsing. When Easter came, main reasons: (a) That from the 7. Resolved, Finally, that a similar the Indian leaders, of their own call be sent to the older churches in accord and uninspired by mis- economic point of view the manufac- the U. S. A., by whose faith and sionaries, decided to have a pro- prayers and gifts the work was becession of Christians through ture and consumption of intoxicants gun, and who are still helping us to this city of 50,000, singing is mere waste. (b) That from the carry it on, asking them to pray with hymns appropriate to Easter. us and for us throughout the year. They said we must let the non- medical point of view it is injurious Christians know that the Chris- to the public health. (c) That from -Presbyterian Banner. tian movement is not dead. In this same district, because of re- the moral and religious point of view Baptist Telugu Mission trenchment measures, the responsibility for evangelizing the it is an impediment to the full de- From the Report of the Amervillages has fallen directly on velopment of the highest type of life, ican Baptist Telugu Mission, Indian leadership. This last South India, we find the total year has been marked by the whether individual or corporate. population is 7,648,139; mission baptism of a considerable num- stations are 28; missionaries on ber of Hindus, their preparation (2) That the ultimate goal of any the field, 78; organized churches, being entirely the work of In- 337; churches self-supporting, dians. Drastic retrenchment Temperance Movement is the creation 145; church members, 110,690; has brought its problems, but In- of a public opinion which accepts and and baptisms for 1933, 4,776. dian leadership has accepted its In 952 Sunday schools there challenge. acts on these propositions. were 27,550 pupils. The number (3) That the Council appeals to of ordained preachers was 67. Legislation on Temple Girls the churches to study the problem There has been a revival in Some of the more progressive the Kurnool field, with large in- Indian states were the first to from the religious standpoint, and to gathering. During the year introduce legislation which made some of the Christians were the dedication of girls to temple discover and live up to the full im- called to undergo persecution. service illegal. A few years ago Some were unj ustly thrown into the Madras legislative council plications of Christian discipleship in jail because they refused to vote passed an act by which this evil for certain officials, and others was met in the Madras presi- this matter. were imprisoned for refusing to dency. Last week the Bombay participate in Hindu worship. legislative council passed a bill (4) That the Government be urged Fiery persecution came to a which is more or less on the lines beautiful Komati girl of fourof the Madras legislation. Ac- to use all possible methods to educate teen years, and often her back cording to the bill just passed the rising generation on the economic, was covered with welts from the dedicating a girl or woman as a cruel rod. Her testimony was, devadasi (servant of the god) in hygienic and moral aspects of the "You may take my life, but I any place in the presidency of question. will not deny Christ." Bombay, even if it were to take place with the consent of the (5) That in the opinion of this -Watchman-Examiner. person dedicated, is prohibited. This ancient custom is attended Council the dependence of the Govern- CHINA with grave evils, for the girls ment on the liquor traffic as a regular thus dedicated become in reality Far East Awake prostitutes. source of revenue must be injurious The 97th Annual Report of· -The Christian Century. to the public welfare, and they would the Board of Foreign Missions therefore urge: (a) that steps be of the Presbyterian Church sur- veys the present situation in taken to find other methods for re- China, Japan and Korea: placing the revenue; (b) that so long All barriers and opposition seem to have vanished; the anti-Christian as any traffic in liquor continues it movement of a few years ago is should be taxed as highly as is pos- sible, short of driving it into illicit channels; and (c) that so long as any revenue from this source continues to exist, it be set aside for capital ex- penditure. especially for grants for original outlay on scientific research, medical or other philanthropic proj- -Dnyanodaya. ects.

Another Centenary November 5, 1834, marked the founding of Presbyterian missionary work in India, with the arrival of Dr. J. C. Lowrie in Ludhiana. It was from this Punjab station that, in the dark days of the Indian Mutiny in 1858, went out the call to prayer which resulted in the Week of_ Prayer throughout the Christian world. Early in this centennial year a similar call was sent out: In view of the completion of a cen- tury of Christian work by our Mis- sions in India, of God's great goodness to us throughout this long period and of the great things He has wrought

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

drowned in an ocean of interest. An ism, he said that this reverence or a certain organ designated by unbelievable harvest is waiting. The is more of a cultural than reli- the Central Government to look harvest is not only waiting; it is be- gious character, more accurately, after matters relating to drouth ing gathered…… The Japanese a school of philosophy. This prevention, its functions to be to Christian leaders feel that the Ap- does not detract from its value, direct and guide the farmers in praisal Commission tended to idealize or the greatness of the character the cultivation of late crops and the native faiths of Japan and did not of its founder. see them as they really are, "that they cereals which mature quickly, saw Buddhism and Shinto from the The Government holds in the seed to be directly supplied; front and not from the rear," as equal esteem all rei i gi 0 n s, to investigate actual conditions Doctor Ibuka, President Emeritus of whether it be Buddhism, Mo-. in the stricken areas and direct Meiji College, put it. They also say, hammedanism, Christianity, or farmers in the irrigation of "We want to make it clear that to any other faith. It also expects their fields; to make plans for neglect preaching in the pioneer stage all religious sects in the country the apportionment of seeds for of evangelism in which we find our- to maintain an attitude of toler- winter sowing; to supervise selves does not fit the national con- ance towards all other religions various districts in the creaditions obtaining in Japan" …… The besides their own. The Govern- tion of emergency organs for the "All Korea Evangelistic Campaign," ment will not, for instance, hold relief of the drought; to regulate in which Presbyterian and Methodist Buddhism in special favor be- the supply of foodstuffs in the Churches united, began during the cause of its desire to pacify the affected areas and stabilize the preceding autumn with a season of people of Tibet; nor will it hold price of cereals; and to prohibit prayer and study in the Churches de- Mohammedanism in special fa- making wine out of cereals. signed to deepen the spiritual life of vor because of its wish to pacify the members……after which the the Mohammedan people, Presi- 2. A drouth prevention fund churches and the missionaries distrib- of $1,000,000 be specially approuted 1,400,000 copies of a twenty-four dent Wang said. page "Life of Christ." priated, of w hi c h $800,000 -Chinese Affairs. should be expended on the pur- The Ohristian Population English Language Banned chase of seeds for distribution The National Christian Coun- among the farmers, and the balcil has attempted to compile statistics of the Christian popula- As an evidence that the ance of $200,000 to be used as tion connected with all non- Chinese are increasingly nation- administrative expenses. Roman churches, and of the -Chinese Affairs. number of foreign missionaries. conscience, desiring to preserve This has been the more difficult because national churches cross their country from cultural indenominational and missionary lines, but the following figures vasion from outside lands, Prof. Ohristian Rural Service Union are considered approximately Henry Huizinga of the Univercorrect: sity of Shanghai cites the re- The Kiangsi Christian Rural 1923 1932 cently adopted rule of the gov- Service Union is an organization ernment in Nanking, that no of Chinese and Western Chris- Communicants …… 402,539 488,539 signboards of Chinese stores in tians who feel the call to help Under religious in- Nanking may henceforth carry build a new rural citizenship to fit the new China. The work struction ……… 292,857 239,655 English words. Professor Hui- area is Lichuan Hsien in South- Ordained Chi n e s e zinga writes further: "In many eastern Kiangsi on the border universities Chinese professors of Fukien, one of the recently re- clergy ……….. 1,966 1,865 are no longer allowed to lecture covered Communist areas. The Foreign missionaries. 7,663 6,150 in English. In many parts of project is to be manned chiefly by young Chinese Christians The Church of Christ in China both teachers and stu- with special training, who, for China, comprising "the Presby- dents must wear clothes made nothing more than a bare living, terian and Congregational com- only in Chinese style and of cloth will dwell in the midst of the munions, ….. also small groups woven in China. At the recent people, identify themselves with of independent and Baptist National Athletic Meet in the their needs, and work with them Christians," with a communicant capital city, the English lan- in solving their problems of remembership of nearly 120,000, guage was drastically banned building life. In this area deis by far the largest group, the structive social forces have long China Inland Mission coming from the athletic fields. Church been at work, leaving poverty next with 77,000. services, prayer m e e tin g s, chapel, and many other kinds of the underlying menace to an -The Church Overseas. student meetings which used to orderly and abundant life. Inde- be held in English are now ex- pendently financed, the project Religious Freedom clusively in Chinese." President Wang Ching-wei has reaffirmed the principle of -Missions. religious freedom. It cannot be attained, he pointed out, except To Oope with Drouth leaders will be quite free to through religious tolerance-re- bring the principles of Chrisspect for other sects and faiths. The Ministry of Industry has tianity to bear upon the acute Referring in particular to the approved a series of measures to problems of the countryside. national esteem for Confucian- cope with the drouth problem, The general plan is one of using providing that: local village men and women 1. A special organ be created who, through the "training-in-

service" method, will be molded show what this service has JAPAN-CHOSEN into leaders in their own com- meant. Gospel Towels munities. The movement is fi- "One poor fellow, lying on his nanced largely by Chinese Chris- bed in a state of extreme ex- Every Japanese has a towel tians. haustion was too far gone to somewhere on his person or near -Agricultural Mission Notes. speak, we were told. After sev- by. Accordingly, Kagawa con- eral of the other sick ones in ceived the idea of putting a peace that ward had been spoken to, message and a graphic portrayal Missionary Requirements we sang a hymn, which was fol- thereof on towels, and distrib- In the midst of all the hazards . lowed by a few words of ex- uting them to help Gospel work. of living in China – bandits, planation. Suddenly from one For example: "If these should murder, pirates – a rigorous of the beds a man called out in hold their peace, the very stones search for ways of strengthen- quite a loud voice, 'I believe on would cry out" (Luke 19: 40), ing Christian leadership is get- the Lord Jesus.' Looking round, together with a whimsical sketch ting under way. Problems of we found to our amazement that of Jesus' entry into Jerusalem missionary and Chinese Chris- the words came from the lips of when these words were uttered.

tian leadership are being ap- this dying man, whom we had Kagawa him s elf distributed proached simultaneously. A been told was too ill to speak. 5,200 of these among the lepers small survey team is starting a "We were standing in the throughout J a pan at New study of the situation. For ward when we saw a man beck- Year's. Another Kagawa towel about 16 years the question of oning to us. On going to his that has done valiant service has missionary training has received bedside we found that he was to do with Moses crossing the no attention nationally. The Na- very sick with fever, and unable Red Sea, and bears a quotation tional Christian Council has now to speak coherently. After a from the Gospel hymn, "The appointed another committee on time we understood that he was Lord will provide." missionary training. Chinese -Watchman-Examiner. leaders must, it is agreed, in- telling us that, when well, he A "Living Epistle" crease both in numbers and in- had attended one of our Gospel fluence. Missionaries, it is ad- meetings, and now he asked if Mr. Takasaki, member of a mitted (except in some mis- we would pray with him. Upon prominent firm, has retired sions) must decrease numeri- doing so, a patient in the next bed remarked, 'He knows how cally, and learn how to wield in- to pray himself. He has always from business and is taking an fluence in subordinate positions; prayed before having his food!' active part in the Japan Methbut both need strengthening along the same lines. Their Then another one, whose face odist Church. Seeing its weakpreparation must be more thor- beamed with happiness, said, 'I ened financial condition, which ough. It must make both effec- am praying to God three times every day, in the morning, and meant the closing of church after church and the dismissal tive agents in social rebuilding. at midday, and in the evening.' of minister after minister, Mr. They must be equipped for a new Another one told us 'I am so Takasaki accepted this problem program which is yet, speaking happy to be trusting in the Lord as his special mission. He enin the large, to be discovered. Jesus Christ. -The Christian Century. couraged the laymen to form a -Chinese Recorder. laymen's assocation whose im- mediate objective was the rais- For Wounded Soldiers Mission to Mongolia ing of the shortage due to the withdrawal of mission funds. Over a year ago Madame The first Chinese missionary The work was attempted in a Chiang Kai-Shek expressed a to be sent to Mongolia by a very spiritual way. Mr. Takadesire that something be done to Chinese church is J en Ta-lin, a saki began to move about the bring the comfort of the Gospel graduate of the Theological De- different churches, paying his to wounded soldiers in the large partment of Shanghai College. own expenses, talking to laymilitary hospitals in Nanchang. He has been appointed by the men; and he put the problem Immediately three groups of Chinese Home Mission Society up to them, asked them to pray Chinese and foreign workers to preach in Mongolia, with Wu about it. and took no subscrip- Shan-lien, a preacher who has were organized from the various been working in Kalgan for the tions. This movement went on missions of the city. After con- quietly and he was able to an· sultation with the medical offi- past ten years, as his associate. nounce recently that twenty-five cers in charge, weekly visits They will spend a year in Inner thousand yen had been sub- Mongolia, preaching in all the scribed for 1934 and that fifteen were arranged, and have been principal places. The opening continued ever since. Over thousand was already in hand. 2,000 Pocket Testaments have of schools in Mongolia will be This money comes from a memo . been distributed. In addition to considered by the China Home bership of 1,549. The money the weekly service, visits are Mission Society should this visit has been raised without any paid to serious cases in the prove successful. urging or special appeals, but – Watchman-Examiner. simply by placing the facts bewards. The following incidents

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

for the people and asking them The chapel at the "Widely mitted, but with the proviso that to pray about it. Loving Society" Orphanage and "work must never be more than -United Church Record. Poole High School for Girls in eight hours at a time, and not the diocese of Osaka were totally after nine o'clock in the eve- Bible Distribution in Japan destroyed, with the loss of 18 ning." The penalty for a breach The Bible House in Tokyo, lives. of the law is imprisonment for just off the Ginza, the main busi- Typhoon Hits Osaka not more than a year, or a fine ness street, consists of eight up to Yl,OOO. While progress stories above ground and two Tiles flying, tin roofs ripped has been noted in Tokyo, little below. The money was given by off and carried away, windows change is apparent in other large Mrs. Russell Sage in memory of smashed and blown in, wind and cities. rain pouring in and making -The Church Overseas. her husband. The American Bible Society havoc inside houses, buildings began its work in Japan in 1837 and fences crashing down! Such Korean Ohristians in Japan in brief is the sketch of the storm but an agency was not estab- whose very centre struck Osaka The Union Christian Church lished until 1876. In these years about 8: 30 on September 21. for Koreans in Japan has been of service more than 13,000,000 organized, and most of the evanvolumes of the Scriptures have Down near the harbor the waves gelical denominations express rushed in sweeping boats and willingness to cooperate. been distributed and three times wreckage far inland. The conwithin the past decade the year- crete piers were destroyed, leav- There are now 45 fully organly distribution has been more ing only the iron girders standthan 900,000 copies. ing. Mud three or four feet ized churches with 18 other reg- ular meeting places and 2,288 Last year the Japan agency deep came along with the water believers. Work for young peo- ple is relatively strong with 42 employed twenty-one full-time and settled in the streets, houses Sunday schools having an enrollcolporteurs who traveled over and everywhere. Many were ment of 2,448; 54 Daily Vaca- 34,000 miles, visiting 339,063 drowned; more were killed by falling buildings, telegraph poles tion Bible Schools with some homes and institutions. Last or flying tiles from the roofs. 2,778 children in attendance; year the agency secretary, Rev. An express train from Tokyo- and 28 Christian Endeavor So- Karl E. Aurell, skillfully guided Osaka was laid on its side on cieties with a membership of the activities of the work so as the bridge crossing the Seta- 792. The Christian educational gawa, near Kyoto, when over work for Koreans includes 24 to put more entire Bibles into one hundred people were killed circulation than in any preced- or injured. In Osaka, sixty-four night schools with an enrollment of 664, and seven kindergartens ing year of the Society's history school buildings were blown with 235 children in attendance.

of Scripture distribution in Japan.

Doshisha Losses by Typhoon down, killing some eight hun- While the Korean people in Japan are for the most part very The most destructive typhoon dred children. Up to Septem- poor and often unemployed, the ever recorded in modern history ber 28, there were 1,646 deaths c h u r c h contributions totaled of Japan swept over the western reported in Osaka Prefecture Yen 13,529.00 last year. part of the country, particularly alone with 8,813 injured, missthe Osaka-Kyoto district, with -Japan Christian Quarterly. unprecedented violence on Sep- ing 316 persons. tember 21. About 3,000 men and Church property and the Ohildren's Bible Clubs women were killed; 13,000 injured; 100,000 houses demol- Church Orphanage were de- Bible Clubs for children have ished; 300 primary and second- stroyed in Osaka and the Chapel had a steady growth in the four ary school buildings collapsed. of Our Redeemer was totally de- years since their beginning. The result of investigation at the Doshisha showed: stroyed. New clubs have been formed, Fortunately, the weather that and the leaders, practically all of King Dormitory, given by whom are students of Union President King of Amherst Col- morning prevented the children Christian College and Academy lege; gymnasium, archery and from holding their Morning have developed in their leader- ship of children and in their Service in the Chapel; otherwise many would have undoubtedly been killed or inj ured.

wrestling rings of the College of Protection for Ohildren loyalty to our Bible Club spirit. Commerce; wrestling ring of The Bible Club program has its the University; bicycle cottage In October, 1933, a measure center in the now fully developed of the Middle School had col- was placed on the Statute-book Ceremonial of Worship, which lapsed; and J unka Hall and Col- in Japan which is a charter of is followed once each week in lege of Commerce were partially freedom for many children. It every Bible Club. During the collapsed, while many roof tiles reads as follows: "No child ceremonial the children sit in and windows were broken. The under 14 may be employed as a rows forming. a large square, total damage suffered at the waitress or geisha where alco- while they conduct the program Doshisha is estimated at Y93,- holic drink is being served." entirely by themselves. The Certain exceptions are per- program inc 1u des sentence 750.00.

prayers and reciting of Bible Of the native races in North GENERAL verses. Twenty to thirty lead in Borneo, of which there are prayer, and as many as fifty roughly 150, about fifty can be The Missionary Job stand and recite Bible verses. called Dyak, but the most im- The entire Club then rises and portant people are not the ab- Dr. Lewis B. Franklin, Viceas one of their number leads re- originals or Malays, but the Chipeats in unison the words of nese. One result of Christian President and Treasurer of the Luke 2: 52. work among these Chinese is that the Gospel is beginning to Episcopal National Council, told There are now fourteen Bible take root and to grow in Chinese Clubs in the city of Pyengyang soil. It is not merely that they a diocesan conference at Newwith an enrolment of over 1,500 believe in the religion of the mischildren. Similar Bible Clubs sionaries; they are beginning to port, R. I., what, in his opinion, have been organized in near-by make Christianity their own. country churches until now they is a clergyman's missionary job: number ten. The Club children -The Mission Field. carryon work for the slums and "An aroused laity can always during the past year some sixty Witchcraft in Papua bushels of grain, over two hun- manage the financial side. The dred pieces of clothing, also Mr. Russell Abel writes of the kindling wood and other neces- fearful grip of superstition upon pastor's job is not to collect sities of life, were distributed the natives of New Guinea: among the poor. They also gave money but to create atmosphere; thirteen yen and thirty-nine sen "This morning I turned from for the cause of Korean Foreign the round of pressing duties to to build a background of con- Mission work in Shantung, have a long chat with a young China. couple in great distress of mind. verted people who will support .They had been converted about a ISLANDS OF THE PAOIFIO year, had clutched at every op- the campaign. Members must portunity to learn more of the The Gospel in Borneo Christian life, but blackmail and be educated to share their in- the fear of sorcery had driven The first missionary sent to them into serious compromise, come rather than give of their North Borneo by the S. P. G. until at last they had lost the went out in 1887. For a time he faith that had been theirs. surplus." was the only missionary there. He used to travel hundreds of "An old sorcerer was in love In dealing with missionary miles up and down the coast with the young woman. Infurlooking after all the isolated iated by her Christian stand and sermons, Dr. Franklin laid down planters and government offi- her resistance to his perpetual cials. He made it his duty to advances, he had put them both four points of procedure: (1) visit each one of these at least under a powerful 'spell.' In once a year, enduring many Papuan eyes they were 'be- Attract Attention. (2) Arouse hardships. He once went to the witched,' and therefore as good Philippine Islands to baptize a as dead. Every native knows Interest. (3) Create Conviction. child, and Customs officers what will happen when that grim opened his baggage and confis- word is pronounced by a sor- (4) Produce Action. The parson cated his clerical collar, because cerer. 'Teacher, we would be they said he was a Protestant lying if we said we were not should (1) Visualize, (2) Perand had no right to a collar! The frightened,' said the woman. baptism had to be camouflaged 'He bewitched three members of sonalize, (3) Vitalize, (4) Dramas an afternoon party, otherwise my family and each one died.' Spanish authorities would have "Your turn next," he says.' atize. As for material, "use put a stop to it. "We laid the whole problem your sanctified imagination." This pioneer, Rev. William H. before the Lord. I told them of Elton, built the only stone church one now working for God in Read magazines, books and in Borneo; very few in the east Sidea, who had been marked are better. In 1914 he retired, down to die just as they were, pamphlets, but make them your and there has been continued who prayed, trusted, and lived, growth on the foundations he while the sorcerer who had un- own. -The Churchman. laid. There are now six pastors, dertaken to bewitch him had of whom three are European and himself died raving in our hos- Oentury of Women's Work three Chinese. A new school pital here. But the hold this has been opened at Jesselton for black magic has upon the peo- The official history of womboys, and also a school for girls. ple's minds is nothing short of en's work in the mission field is hypnotic." just a century old. It was in 1834 that the first women's mis- -Kwato Mission Tidings. sionary society was founded in response to a definite call from the field. In July of that year a number of women representing leading churches in London met in the same building where the C. M. S. had its beginning, and a committee of 24 was appointed for "Promoting Female Educa- . tion in the East." Within the first fifteen years of its history the society had some twenty women missionaries at work in India, Ceylon, China, Palestine and South Africa. Today no fewer than 526 single women and 265 married women are serving the C. M. S. – a total which is more than double that of the men on its roll.

-C. M. S. Outlook.

o Cross, how is it I can sing thy praise? Thou art like precious warmth on win- ter days! -Utsunomiyu, A Japanese Christian Leper. Our Missionary Bookshelf Books Briefly Reviewed for the Readers' Information Reminiscences of Livingstonia. By drained pastors and 33,000 superstition and witchcraft, as . Robert Laws, C.M.G., M.D., D.D., Christians. A large central mis- he came into contact with them, sion station was built at Band- the peculiarities of the language, LL.D. Illus. 8 vo. 272 pp. 6 sh. awe; health conditions had the building up of the native net. Oliver and Boyd. London. greatly improved under his med- church and the extension of the ical care and sanitary work. The work into outlying districts. 1934. slave trade is no more; peace There are also chapters on other prevails among the native tribes missions and popular accounts Dr. Laws, who has been called and the mental and' spiritual of the fauna and flora of the to his reward since this book country. The book is a valuable was written, was one of the most outlook of the people has so contribution to the annals of remarkable missionaries of re- changed that they are a truly missionary history and an excent times. He spent over fifty- "new creation." "Old things are cellent companion volume to two years in Nyasaland and was passed away; behold all things "Laws of Livingstonia." greatly beloved and honored by are become new." Dr. Laws all who knew him. The story of and his associates built well on The Rainbow Bridge-A Study of his life and work, as told by W. good foundations. He not only Paganism. By John Strong New- P. Livingstone in "Laws of Liv- preached the Gospel but he lived berry. Pp. 346. $3.75. Houghton ingstonia," is one of the most it. He not only taught the peo- Mifflin. New York. 1934. stirring and noteworthy biog- ple .to read and write but he taught them carpentry, farming, In spite of its attractive title, raphies that have ever been and iron work so that many fascinating style and display of written. It is a story of heroic have become skilled mechanics, learning and documentation, this pioneering, of unswerving aim artisans, nurses, teachers and book is very disappointing. preachers. Dr. Laws never lorded and faithful service, of victory The author has a theory to over difficulties and trials, of it over the natives and did not support, namely that Totemism miracles of transformation, and do for them the things they is at the basis of the origin and spiritual harvests reaped in the development of all religion. "The lifetime of one man in one field. should learn to do for them- earliest example of religion," he selves. He endured many hard- says, "was the worship of a Robert Laws went to Nyasa- ships and suffered much sick- beast. This creed of the caveland in 1875 and was the first ness; he passed through numer- man developed into Totemism, white man to reach the north ous dangers from wild beast which circled the globe." end of Lake Nyasa. At that time tribal warfare and the slave and wild men and had some We read in the Foreword, trade were flourishing and 1,200 thrilling escapes. His life was "This tale of beasts and men and slaves were being taken across demi-gods and gods traces the the lake annually by Arab slave full of trials, sorrows and dis- history of paganism from the dealers. Raids and fighting were appointments but also of joys Stone Age to the Age of Perikles. I have undertaken to analyze the almost continuous. It was a and rewards of service. The ideas that formed the basis of wild, unhealthy, unsubdued coun- guidance and power of God were the religious cults of the cavetry. The first school was opened constantly evident. men, the Sumerians, the Chinese at Cape Maclear, on the south and Japanese, the Hindus, the end of Lake Nyasa, with no These reminiscenses are also Egyptians, the Persians, the Heequipment. The lid of a provi- brews, the Phrygians, and the sion box, held on one pupil's valuable since they give first- Greeks, and to co-ordinate these knee, with a paper on which was different racial attempts to exthe alphabet printed by hand, hand information as to the ex- ploit the supernatural, thus showing how the beliefs of the constituted the first school book. periences passed through in savage evolved into the creed of During Dr. Laws' lifetime this the most enlightened race of ansmall primitive school increased founding and building up the cient times." to 644 well organized schools in the district, with 1,347 trained great Livingstonia Missio.n. Full credit is given to Dr. Laws' asnative Christian teachers and sociates in his humble but vivid 28,330 pupils. There were also narrative of events in which he 37 native churches with 15 or- was the chief actor. Some of the most interesting and inform- ing chapters deal with African Any of the books noted in these columns wiI1 be sent bY' the REVIEW publishers on receipt of price.

[597 ] Each of the great world reli- The Rainbow Bridge is largely lived, with but little change, gions is presented in a series of a story based on myth and im- since emancipation. The shadow chapters from this standpoint, agination. Those who know the of the old slave plantation rests but the authorities quoted do not Living Way to the Father will upon them. A few remember include those scholars that have find little help in the study of those old slavery days, and of rejected the totem-theory as other faiths from this book. these there are some who think wholly inadequate in this con- SAMUEL M. ZWEMER. that they were better off then nection. The Sound of Trumpets. By Arthur than now; but most of the group The author depends mostly on T. Moore. Paper. Southern Meth- young or old, prefer their pres- odist Board, Nashville, Tenn. 1934. Reinach and Robertson Smith. ent liberty, while at the same There is scarcely a reference to This is part of an appeal to time few have escaped from clethe more recent investigations stem missionary retreat by lib- pendence upon white men and and conclusions of such men as eral giving. It has a spiritual Schmidt, LeRoy, Barton Lowie appeal, and is a challenge to new from antiquated and shiftless companionship with Christ in habits, the inheritance from. and others. troubled times, when the revival slavery. To say, as the author does, of a confident, courageous faith is the need of the hour. The The family of this section that "Totemism is the one foun- closing chapter by E. Stanley shows the blight of old slavery dation of all religious thought, Jones, gives eleven clinching days. Illegitimacy, common law arguments for the worthwhilethe aboriginal basis of every ness of Christian missions. mar ria g e, easy separation myth and cult. Survivals of it (naively called divorce) and a exist in every land. Indeed it H.H.F. general low standard .of sex was the source of social prog- morals prevail. Yet in spite of ress," is begging the question. this looseness, considerable sta- When we turn to the chapter bility in family relationships is entitled "The Tree of Knowl- Shadow of the Plantation. By Charles the rule; and on the other hand edge," we have an account of the S. Johnson. 215 pp. $2; Univer- there is much that is admirable origin of the Jewish religion in sity of Chicago Press. 1934. and even beautiful in the home which the "slips" so-called in the The author of this interesting life. No matter how tiny may Bible narrative are emphasized, and valuable study is the head be the cabin, and how little of and doubt is expressed concern- of the department of Sociology furnishings and of food there ing the historicity of the whole in Fisk University, Nashville, are within it, yet the children of the Old Testament until the Tennessee, and no one is better and grandchildren, and even time of Saul. In speaking of qualified in training and experi- nephews and nieces, are wel- Noah, Abraham, and the Patri- ence for such a research project. comed and given an ungrudging archs, the author concludes, This fact, and the further one portion of whatever there is to "And since as history these that the work was made possible share. events are wholly preposterous, by financial support from the The church and religious life while as myths they are reason- Julius Rosenwald Fund, guaran- arewhat wemight expect. Transably intelligible, there seems tees its accuracy and thorough- scripts of actual sermons and fusome ground for regarding the ness. The section chosen for this neral addresses are given by the first of the Israelites (Abraham) realistic study of Negro life in author; and one grows sad as as a humanized form of the god the deep south is a portion of he reads these, that the spiritual Macon County, Alabama, the leadership in such communities of fertility." Even in regard to Moses, we county in which Tuskeegee In- can offer nothing more to needy read, "It may be that there are stitute is located. How truly it souls; but one wonders still grains of actual fact to be found is a part of the "Black Belt" more at the conventional standin the story of Moses, but in the may be seen from the fact that ards of church life which have main the prophet, like Yima, over 82 per cent of the inhabi- crept in to the religion of these should be ranked only a little tants of Macon County are col- people. Many sins are overlower than the Yazatas. He is a ored. looked, but dancing and baseball humanized god of fertility, and In his introductory chapter are always taboo; and attacks his adventures are founded on a Prof. Johnson points out that we on them by the preacher invari- have mapped out for special ably bring fervent response. We cult." "The myth of Adam" is made study in this section, and in sim- must not forget that the intense to centre in "a miraculous apple" ilar sections all through the emotionalism of rural black (to which there is no reference Black Belt, a genuine case of folks today finds its counterpart in the Scriptures). This "apple" "folk ~ulture." The people are among the whites of a generawe are told is connected with a largely isolated. Few of those tion or two ago, and even in the whole series of Greek, Roman who go out into great world present among the more ignoand Phrygian legends, and we lying beyond their own, ever rant classes. have the astonishing conclusion come back; and this is partic- A very depressing picture is that Cain "was not a murderer, ularly true of the young who that of the economic conditions. for he was not a man. He was a find some opportunity for edu- Poverty, unrelieved poverty, god who annually died in order cation or self culture. The in- everywhere exists, partly due to habitants are living as they have the exhaustion of the land, partto restore fertility."

OUR MISSIONARY BOOKSHELF

ly because of the vicious finan- the struggle for religious liberty, in the lap of luxury. There was cial system which prevails. Through the latter the white and the reasons for the passing almost no money in the country man exploits the labor of the Negro, and by keeping him con- of the dissenting t r a d i t ion and none of the comforts of stantly in his debt keeps him a virtual slave. It is very evident among the churches of dissent- modern civilization. that no improvement in education and morals can be expected ing background. The church and Sunday school until this fundamental social disease finds some cure. Just One regrets that so much val- and day school all occupied the now the burden of the nation- uable historical material is pre- same building-a log structure wide depression presses down sented from an anti-evangelical with plenty of ventilation beupon these people with crushing viewpoint. The author, who is tween the logs. His memories of force. now professor of sociology in slavery, the Civil War and re- Dartmouth College, was a stu- construction days are most in- It would be a mistake to leave dent at Union Theological Sem- structive and thrilling and many the impression that there is any inary and later at Princeton. of them amusing. In 1869 he emotional propaganda in this book. It is an objective, real- He was ordained to the ministry traveled ten days to enter Washistic study, quiet in tone and of the Presbyterian Church in ington College at Lexington, Virconservative in statement; but the impressions are all the more 1896, but he has traveled far ginia, of which General Robert powerful because of this fact. away from his former faith. He E. Lee was then president. The ROBERT M. LABAREE. declares that "the doctrine that young man's impressions of this The Story of American Dissent. By the highest type of character great Christian are worth read- John M. Mecklin. 381 pp. $3.50. can only be purchased through ing. After having been gradu- Harcourt, Brace & Co. New York. 1934. a vicarious atonement is rejected ated from Union Seminary, The author has discussed this both by science and democracy Richmond, and brief pastorates interesting subject with full recognition of its importance. as psychologically absurd and in North Carolina, and other He has delved deeply into the history of the numerous dissents immoral" (p. 365), and that southern centers, Mr. Chester that have affected religious thought in America, and has col- A mer i can Protestantism is was elected Secretary of the Exlected a large and varied amount of information regarding them. "handicapped" by "an outworn ecutive Committee for Foreign While he describes the dissent that has arisen in and against and impossible supernaturalism" Missions of the Presbyterian many denominations, he devotes special attention to the Baptist, (p. 370): ,He vouchsafes the Church, with headquarters at Methodist and Presbyterian bodies, which he classes "among opinion that the churches which Nashville, Tennessee. This post the most powerful sources of moral and spiritual energy in perpetuate it "present today the he occupied for thirty-two years. this country." He adds: tragic spectacle of great organi- After 1893 his experiences were A little more than a century and a half ago these denominations, which zations with wealth and numbers varied-traveling in China, Konow compose forty per cent of all adult church members and two-thirds and responsibilities but without rea and Japan in 1897, when of all Protestants, were despised dissenting minorities in the powerful col- great living traditions, without travel was more difficult than toonies of Massachusetts and Virginia. . . . . . . The Baptists and Methodists, any real insight into modern life day, a visit to Brazil in 1901 and who were beaten and banished in Massachusetts, buffeted and ridiculed in and no great consuming enthu- journeys north and south, east Virginia, have become great conservative churches which in the prohibition siasms" (page 371). and west over the American concontroversy arrogated to themselves the right to control the conscience of Such statements, and others tinent; to Europe in 1920 and the nation. How are we to explain that might be cited, indicate a· 1925; wrestling with various this profound transformation? biased mind and a lack of fa- administrative and missionary miliarity with the Protestantism problems in the Congo and else- He answers this question in a of today, rather surprising in where. series of chapters' in which he one who professes to be a his- The book is a collection of indiscusses the various factors that torian. One may sympathize teresting recollections and congave rise to the dissenting with his criticisms of certain re- tacts with many well-known groups, the part they played in actionary groups, but we know and little – known characters. of no "great" denominational Here we find a wisdom and phi- "organizations" to which the losophy, rich experience and a sentences quoted above jointly keen sense of humor, together with charming Southern cour- apply. ARTHUR J. BROWN. tesy that make the reading de- Memories of Four Score Years-An lightful and rewarding. Dr.

Autobiography. By Samuel Hall Chester and his wife are charac- Chester, D.D. Illus. 8 vo. 235 pp. ters worth knowing. They are $2.00. Presbyterian Committee of Publication, Richmond, Va. intensely human and at the same time reveal their spirit of sacri- Few lives of such active, va- ficial service and their Christ- ried and effective service cover a like nobility of character. period of eighty years. Dr.

Chester was born in Arkansas Education of Primitive People. By on January 17, 1851, and experi- Albert D. Helser. Illustrated. 8 vo.

enced all the hardships of pio- 316 pp. $3.00. Fleming H. Revell. neer days when wild Indians and New York. 1934.

wild animals were plentiful. The real value of this book is Samuel Chester was not coddled apt to be lost if the reader allows

himself to be swayed by first im- C h r i s t ian experience, are There is a distinct assertion of pressions. The extravagant matched by an excellent English the essential relation of Jesus claims made for the author by style, possibly sharpened by his and His religion: "Jesus is more the writer of the Foreword do knowledge of more than one In- than the founder of the Christian not predispose the judicious stu- dian tongue. The book makes religion; He is the Christian redent to take the whole book very easy reading but leaves its im- ligion." In the same vein he seriously. This is greatly to be pression on the reader. The writes: "Social progress requires regretted for not only is the sub- many characters and movements individual regeneration ….. At ject of first importance to the described often run over into the the heart of social programs lies missionary and educator, but it Christian field. Pandita Rama- the requirement of a moral and is treated here in such a fashion bai and Sundar Singh came out religious process transforming as to compel attention and awake from Hinduism while "Praying admiration. In fact, those who John Hyde" was never in it, but the personal life of the individlook around for Dr. Helser's each received influences from the ual." The work is well documonument will best find it in his religious conditions of India mented for further investigaown work as here presented. which doubtless affected life tion. CLELAND B. McAFEE. deeply. Dr. Griswold writes Similarly, the far too exten- widely from personal acquaint- Biblical Backgrounds. By J. McKee sive use of long quotations in the ance with Gandhi, Vivekananda, Adams, Ph.D. Maps and Illus. 800 opening chapters should not be Sundar Singh, Tagore and oth- pp. $3.75. Baptist Sunday School taken as evidence that Dr. Hel- ers. He gives an account of the Board. Nashville, Tennessee. 1934. ser has no opinions of his own. rise and disappearance of Krish- He has plenty of them, and they namurti, the youth whom Mrs. Sunday-school teachers, pasare as thoroughly worth study- Besant picked out as the next tors and other Bible students ing as those of some whose writ- world-teacher. Of these twen- will find this a very useful comings he quotes. But Dr. Helser, ty-three chapters, seventeen are pendium of valuable information although he abounds in love, cer- devoted to separate movements about Bible lands and peoples, tainly does not speak with the of Hinduism and four to various especially ·their geography and tongues of angels, and sometimes Christian characters in India. history. It contains twenty-five not with those of men. On the Probably nowhere could as much maps and about one hundred contrary he relies too often on information regarding Hindu excellent photographic illustramodern catch-phrases and, after movements be found in one vol- tions. The studies are taken up pulling his drag-net through a ume. CLELAND B. McAFEE. geographically in fourteen chapsea of words is apt to pick out ters in the order in which they very queer fish. The W orId Mission of the Christian are related to Bible history; Religion. By Wade Crawford Bar- from ancient Mesopotamia to the But the real merit of the book clay. 12 mo. 301 pp. $1.25. Cokes- Rome and Greece of New Testalies elsewhere. Here we have bury Press. Nashville, Tenn. 1934. ment times. The volume is well concrete examples, and many of documented and indexed. Dr. them, of how the soul of a prim- This volume of the Standard Adams, professor of Biblical Initive community can be nour- Training Series, is intended for struction in the Southern Bapished and developed, of how the class use but is well adapted to tist Theological Seminary at shadowy longings of the African individual study. Dr. Barclay Louisville, Kentucky, endeavors heart can be helped to concrete presents twelve studies in the very successfully to set before expression in terms of immedi- actual program of the Christian us, in a nonpartisan spirit, the ate local significance. At Gar faith in dealing with Society, results of his careful study of Rida in Nigeria they are doing Inter-racial, Economic, and In- the background of Bible history. some of those things of which ternational Relationships, Servothers have only dreamed. We ice for Youth and Childhood and Back of the Mountain. By Mary are grateful to learn how they Mankind as a whole. He closes are doing them, and to verify with an encouraging chapter on Brewster Hollister. 155 pp. $1.25. once more that the job of the the hope for a Christlike world. actor lies not in the study of the His point of view may be taken Fleming H. Revell. New York. part but in the action. from this sentence: 1934.

KENNETH G. GRUBB. No longer is the Christian mission The author of "Mai-Dee of the exclusively or even predominantly Insights into Modern Hinduism. By thought of in terms of the geograph- Mountains," who writes on life Hervey DeWitt Griswold. 12 mo. ical expansion of Christianity, In- in China, has the happy gift of 288 pp. $2. Henry Holt & Co., stead it is primarily interpreted in portraying living personalities, New York. 1934. terms of the domination of the Chris- tian spirit and Christian ideals in the describing the historical back- No one could be better fitted relationships of parent with children, ground, and of linking up misthan Dr. Griswold to furnish the of neighbor with neighbor, of employer sionary problems with presentmaterial of this book. His long with employee, of owner with tenant, day conditions. service in India, his habits as a of seller with buyer, of one racial scholar, his intimate knowledge group with another within the same While in no wayan outstandof the individuals and move- community, of nation with nation, of ments of Indian life, his rich race with race, of one Christian group ing book, the story has sufficient with another, of the Christian religion with non-Christian religions. touch of romance to make it ac- ceptable to young readers, and enough regard for serious facts to command the interest of a stu- dent of affairs. H. H. F.

OUR MISSIONARY BOOKSHELF

Unkulunkulu in Zululland. By An- analyzed as to time and place, Soviet regime, is thrillingly in- drew Burgess. Illustrated. 8vo. personnel, message and objec- teresting and dramatic, yet 259 pp. $1.00. Board of Foreign tive. It would be well if every simply told and convincing. Missions, Norwegian L u the ran missionary and every Christian There seems to be no effort to Church. Minneapolis. 1934. would study it to find his own make the picture as bad as pos- place in God's program for the sible but it presents conclusive Unkulunkulu-"The G rea t world. While the epistles do evidence that one cannot look Great"-is the Zulu name for not quote the Great Commis- for liberty, mercy or justice in the Creator of the world. But sion, they are the result of obe- Soviet Russia today. The rulers these people believe that the dience to it. are doubtless engaged in a great creator has forgotten man and experiment to make Russia a has left him to his own de- Excavating Kirjath-Sepher's Ten s t ron g, independent, self-supvices. Mr. Burgess has gathered Cities. By Melvin Grove Kyle, D.D. porting country. But power is in this volume many very illu- 8vo. 203 pp. $2.50. Wm. B. in the hands of a small group, minating facts in regard to the Eerdmans Publishing Co. Grand which is supposed to represent pagan Zulus-their religious be- Rapids, Mich. 1934. the laboring classes. According liefs and traditions, their sacri- to this and other reports of eyefices, worship, witch-doctors and This is the last contribution witnesses, the experiment has customs. He gives a brief his- on Biblical archeology by the so many faults that radical tory of the Zulu race, a vivid late Dr. Kyle. It relates to dis- changes are necessary before it picture of life in their native coveries from 1926 to 1932 in can succeed. Some changes are kraals and some results of Kirjath-Sepher (Book Town) being made-such as the propa- Christian mission work. Two and in various other cities of ganda of falsehood, the deparmaps and eighty other illustra- Palestine. Much light is thrown ture from extreme communism tions help to visualize the story. on Canaanite life and religion, and lessening the power of the The information is somewhat on the period of the Judges and Ogpu or secret police-but the sketchy but it is an exception- Kings of Israel and on dates of Soviet attitude toward the inally readable book. While the Biblical events. The sixteen telligencia, toward religion and mission work described is Lu- pages of illustrations help to il- personal freedom must change theran, everyone interested in luminate the text. An index of if Soviet Russia is to survive. Zulus and in Christian progress places, discoveries and Biblical among them will find the whole references would give it added Mrs. Tchermavin vividly picvolume full of valuable informa- value. tures her own sufferings, detion. There is no index. scribes the despotic and cruel In the Cauldron of Russia. An Auto- tribunals, and tells of many Them Also. By Mary W. Booth. biography by I. S. Prokhanoff. friends killed or exiled without Illustrated. 8vo. 254 pp. 3s. 6d. Illustrated. 8vo. 270 pp. $1.50. any trial or proven wrongdoing. Pickering & Inglis. Glasgow. 1934. All-Russian Evangelical Christian The story is divided into two Union. New York. 1934. parts-(l) trials, imprisonment A missionary of the Zenana and exile, and (2) the escape Bible and Medical Mission for Here is a story of Russia from into Finland in 1933. While this over a quarter of a century de- 1869 to 1933, from inside per- does not give the whole story of scribes here the triumphs of sonal knowledge. The author the Russian experiment and its Christ among women and girls was for many years the leading results, the book is well worth in Gorakhpur, United Provinces, evangelical Christian pastor in reading for the author wins con- India. Questions are answered Russia, being founder and pres- fidence as to her truthfulness. that puzzle many missionaries; ident of the All-Russian Evanproblems are solved in answer gelical Un ion. He suffered Kidnapping the Constitution. By Mrs. to prayer; stories are told of under the Tzars, persevered, Lucy W. Peabody. 12mo. 110 pp. transformations and of Christ- and was highly respected, and Boards, 40 cents. N. A. Lindsey & like service. These pages show now is in exile in America. He Co. Marblehead, Mass. 1934. clearly that the work of faith, tells his life story, describes the labors of love and patience of conditions in Russia at various Lawlessness has been on the hope are abundantly rewarded. periods, shows present needs increase and few seem to realize Here is a record of loving devo- and future hopes. The interest- where America is drifting. Mrs. tion in the care of the neglected ing information breeds deep Peabody, the de v 0 ted and children of India. As the girls sympathy for the suffering Rus- powerful advocate of "Christian grow to young womanhood they sians, especially for evangelical missions" and for "law enforceare trained to care for babies Christians. ment" makes a strong case and young children in the Name against the repeal of the Eightand Power of Christ. Escape from the Soviets. By Tatiana eenth Amendment. She calls to Tchermavin. Translated from the mind the birth of the Constitu- The Great Commission. By Henry Russian by N. Alexander. 8vo. tion, its defenders and the ef- W. Frost. Pamphlet. 25 cents. 320 pp. $2.50. E. P. Dutton. New forts to nullify it. The time has China Inland Mission. Phila- York. 1934. come to teach all American citi- delphia, Pa. 1934. zens and their children to re- This extraordinary f act u a I spect the Constitution and the Christ's Great Commission to record of the experiences of an His apostles is here defined and intelligent Russian woman, her husband and son, under the

laws of the land and to lead to believe in the deity of Christ, Second Hand. By Emma Gerberding them to think straight on moral the professor replied that the Lippard. 157 pp. Cloth, 75 cents. questions. This book will help student was reversing the nato restore the sense of national tural order, that he (the pro- United Lutheran Publication House, responsibility and shows the fessor) could not believe in God Philadelphia. 1934. basis of national strength. at all if he did not believe in Christ. Dr. Fisher's sermons are Here is a story of mission Women of the Old Testament and written in excellent English, and work in Japan that is of inter- Women of the New Testament. contain eloquent passages and est, both as an entertaining ro- 2 Vol. By Abraham Kuyper. quotations that indicate wide mance and as an answer to some Translated by Prof. Henry Zylstra. reading; but the argument of the criticisms raised in "Re- Paper 60 cents each. Zondervan would be more conclusive if he thinking Missions." Painted in- Pub. House. Grand Rapids, Mich. had presented more fully Christ's to the background is a vivid por- 1934. teachings regarding God. trayal of Japan of today. A young graduate of an American Dr. Kuyper, a famous Dutch A.J.B. statesman, Biblical scholar, and divinity school decides not to be author of "The Work of the God and the World. By J. T. Maw- ordained, but to teach English Holy Spirit," gives us eighty son. 144 pp. Cloth, 18. Pickering in Japan without any church brief sketches of women of the & Inglis, London. 1934. board connections, and with a Bible. They are reverent, valu- friendly sharing, equality, brothable and suggestive studies, Each of the 16 chapters enwholly Biblical and suited for deavor to analyze John 3: 16 erhood aim. His contacts with class discussion. Some of the which has been called "the Bible missionaries, his first-hand characters are unfamiliar, like in Miniature"; and help to show knowledge of their sacrificial Ada and Zillah, Jeroboam's wife its universal application to the service and ability to grapple and Azenath. Others are well needs of mankind. H. H. F. known. with a tangled situation, grad- A Chaplain in India. By G. M. ually make him feel the empti- Can I Know God? By Frederick B. Davies. Illus. 8 vo. 320 pp. 58. Fisher. 12 mo. 140 pp. $1.00. Marshall, Morgan & Scott. London. ness in his own motives and he Harpers. New York. 1934. 1934. comes finally to an overwhelm- ing desire, not to express him- One opens this little book with This chaplain, who here relarge expectation, for the title cords his memories, lives a use- self nor to help in a material suggests a helpful discusison of ful life and served his fellow way, but to give the light of the a vital theme and the author was countrymen in India for twenty- glory of God in Christ to all formerly a missionary bishop of one years. It is not only of inthe Methodist Episcopal Church, terest but reveals the opportuni- men. H.H.F. and later pastor of a large ties and importance of a British church in Ann Arbor, Michigan. chaplain's life. There are also Annals of an Indian Parish. By Ste- Of the ten chapters, only five are many sidelights on India and the phen Neill. 68 pp. Paper, 18. related to the title, the others Indians. The author worked in Church Missionary Society, London. being short sermons or various Bareilly, Sangor, Missoorie, 1934. unrelated topics. The first five Muttra, Kasauli, Amritsar, Nagchapters are captioned: Is There pur and elsewhere and describes Three years ago a missionary a God? What Is God Like? Can not only his experiences as chap- was required to take over from I Know God? Is Christianity lain but tells of work for the an Indian pastor temporary True? and, Is One Religion As Gouds, the prisons, in theaters, charge of a country parish. Thus Good As Another? We confess at melas. He writes of mission- he was brought very close to the to some aversion for the inter- ary unity, the Soldiers' Christian inner life of an Indian church, rogative phrasing of s u c h Association, earthquakes and and this book is a record of his themes. This was the method temperance work. The record is experiences. The purpose of the of the devil in the Garden of a simple narrative of personal narrative is to prove that the Eden, when he wished to create rat her detailed experiences work is not finished when conunbelief. We are puzzled, too, which will be of special interest verts are made, and that the care by the author's answers. The to the narrator and his friends. of the Christian Church, situmost effective approach, through ated as it is in the midst of Christ and His revelation of Life Indeed: The Victorious Life in superstitions and nonchristian God, he practically ignores and Four Aspects. By J. Russell How- standards and ideals is a task treats the problems as if they den. 12 mo. 133 pp. 28. 6d. Pick- calling for rare wisdom and pacould be worked out by means ering & Inglis. Glasgow. tience. of reason without the light thrown upon them by the Bible These chapters, along Keswick Liang A-Fa. By George Hunter Mcand the great Teacher. When lines, deal with repentance, con- Neur. 123 pp. Paper, 75 cents. a theological student told Pro- secration, faith and the Holy Kwang Hsueh Publishing House, fessor Bailey that he found it Spirit. They are by the Vicar of Shanghai. 1934. easy to believe in God but hard St. Peter's Church, Tunbridge Wells, and are clear cut, spir- Liang A-Fa was a colleague Qf itual expositions of truth. Dr. Robert Morrison, first Prot- estant missionary to China. The story of his life and work is a continuation of the Book of Acts of the Apostles. Of him a vet- eran missionary of the London Missionary Society said: "To

OUR MISSIONARY BOOKSHELF

faith and patience, carried to the and both are working together tory of the organization and in- plane of martyrdom, there was along three lines, physical, intel- cludes a list of duties of its of- added versatility of gifts and lectual and spiritual. The closing ficers and suggestions for methgraces that translates Christi- chapter pleads for a strengthen- ods of work. H. H. F.

anity into Chinese life, and uses ing of the work at this crucial Epistle Message: Sermons from Ad- vent to Trinity Sunday by Seven every gift and grace for its dif- stage. H. H. F. Ministers of the Lutheran Church. Edited by Herman F. Miller. 8 vo. fusion." De'ep Snow. An Indian Story. By 252 pp. $1.50. United Lutheran C. Kuipers. 152 pp. $1.00. Paper, Publication House. Philadelphia. Whatever the reason, Mr. 60 cents. Zondervan Publishing 1933. House, Grand Rapids, Mich. 1934. Liang was gradually forgotten; These thirty-seven sermons by This story, bound together by seven ministers are based on until a few years ago, even the a thread of romance, pictures texts and thoughts in the Letters the traditions, the background of of St. Paul, St. Peter and St. Chinese Christian Church knew James. They are thoughtful superstitious rites and ceremo- rather than unique, spiritual but nothing of him, when a strange nials of the Zunis and Navajos not popular in style. They deal in Arizona and New Mexico. It with such topics as hope, joy, the coincidence led to the discovery shows also the impact of Chris- coming of Christ, the glory of tian mission schools upon the God, worship, boasting, holiness, of his grave in 1918. Interest eager, spirited boys and girls religion and Pentecost.

in the remarkable pioneer began who respond to what is good in Ways That Are Dark. By Ralph the white man's way. The thrill- Townsend. 8 vo. 336 pp. $3.00. to revive, with the result that a ing romance, with a tang as pure G. P. Putman's Sons. New York. 1933. Chinese biography was pub- as mountain air, is a vivid por- trayal of certain phases of life "The Truth About China," the lished in 1930. In response to in the great Southwest. secondary title to this volume, is a misnomer. As is stated by a many requests the story is here H.H.F. review in the New Y.ork Times, the volume is "a long way from told in English. H. H. F. the whole truth about China," the author has had very limited Fresh Springs. By Phyllis L. Gar- contact with the Chinese, in time and area, and his views are evi- lick. 127 pp. Paper, 18. Church dently the result of inadequate Missionary Society, London. 1934. knowledge and immature judg- ment. He sees through smoked The story of the C. M. S. for Some Experiments in Living. By glasses so that he pictures the the year 1933. A very logical Peter Ainslie. 190 pp. $2.00. As- "ways that are dark" in very arrangement of topics is fol- sociation Press, 347 Madison Ave., somber hues and presents an in- New York. 1933. dictment of the whole Chinese lowed in this report of the C. race without discrimination. M. S. work for 1933 in various The Protestant pastor, who de- Authors long resident in China, bated with Judge Ben Lindsey such as Julian Arnold, Putnam fields. The author has developed on companionate marriage a few Weale, George Sokolsky, Henry the theme under the titles: years ago, candidly gives his Springs of Freedom in Africa; views, based on personal experi- Springs of Friendship in the ence in concrete cases, upon the practical possibility of applying Near East; Springs of Service the principle of Christian brothin India; Springs of Courage in erhood as a cure for social in- China; Springs of Hope in Ja- justice, interracial hatred, war, pan. family discord and church unity. The book is a record of thought- Binding the story together as fully worked out experiments in making Christ's teaching real in a whole is the central purpose everyday living, and is a chal- lenge to others to carry thesethat renewed inspiration be sought in the mutual discovery of fresh springs in Jesus Christ for renewing both society and the individual, and for the mis- sionary as well as the new con- vert. H. H. F.

Glimpses of Uganda. By K. M. E. experiments still farther in a Hodgkin, Joseph Bau, J. R. Lillingston. 73 pp. – – . Church reconstructed society. "Every Saunders, Edward Williams and Missionary Society, London. 1934. individual," the author asserts, others offer a good corrective to This brief record of impres- "who works toward abolition of these sketchy snap-judgments of sions, by one deeply interested the world's wrongs and the lib- one who has evidently little acin the development of the Native eration of inborn hopes and quaintance or sympathy with his Anglican Church in Uganda, ideals, is in so far a follower of subject. The Chinese Christian clearly shows the contrast be- Jesus. Human experience holds Student (published in America) tween conditions when East no finer romance than in follow- describes this volume as "the Africa was opened to the mis- ing Him." H. H. F. new low among books that pre- sionary and what we see at The New Why and How of Woman's tend to give the 'low down' about present. Missionary Union. By Wilma Ge- China."

The African of today is de- neva Bucy. 118 pp. Paper, – – . Chinese Ethical Ideals. By Rev. termined to get an education, Frank Rawlinson, M.A., D.D. Coland insists that it shall be defi- Southern Baptist Sunday School lege of Chinese Studies, Peiping, Board. Nashville, Tenn. 1934.

nitely Christian. Willing to meet A revision of a first edition China. 1934.

this demand, the government is which appeared in 1928, with The author's studies of China's cooperating with the missions, new material added. It is a his- literary, social and religious life

were conducted through a series While "virtuous living for the China Year Book. Edited by H. G. W. Woodhead. 854 pp. $12.50. of years in preparation of lec- common weal" appears to have University of Chicago Press. Chitures to foreign students of the been ideally the summum bonum cago. Chinese language and culture. of the sages, yet it became so Discussions we r e had with choked by the loyalties of family The Church Controversy in Germany. groups of Chinese to clarify his Anders Nygren. 115 pp. 28. 6d. and clan as to prevent its bloom- Student Christian Movement Press.

own thinking. While the book ing into a nation- and world- London.

concerns itself chiefly with Chi- blessing philanthropy. Good and Deeds of Daring. Archer Wallace. nese ethical ideals and values, it evil are the voluntary acts of na- 97 pp. $1.00. Harpers. New York.

deals also with their relation to tures all good by birth, the good Digest of the Presbyterian Church of the several "religions" of China. to be rewarded, the evil pun- Chosen-1934. Compiled by Charles The author believes that, though ished, either in this life or an- Allen Clark. 196 pp. Christian Lit- Confucianism is an ethical phi- other. Canons of virtue include erature Society. Seoul, Korea. E pis cop a I Church-Heritage of losophy, religiously rather ag- not merely most of the Old Tes- American Christian. Theo. St. nostic, though modern Taoism is tament code, but also many orig- Clair Will. 135 pp. $1.50 cloth; a compl~x of demonistic super- $1.00 paper. Morehouse Pub. Co. inating in the gross superstitions Milwaukee. stition, and though Buddhism of polytheism. Most Chinese was originally atheistic and later have an idea of some sort of fu- Financial Recovery for the Local polytheistic, yet, in the words of ture life. Those who look for Church. Julius Earl Crawford. 202 a modern Chinese critic, "Reli- "salvation,"-hardly known by pp. $1.00. Cokesbury Press. Nashgion has exercised immense that name,-expect to attain it ville. History of the Korean Mission, Prespower over the Chinese people." through ethical striving or per- byterian Church, U. S. A. 1884-1934. Tho ugh very pragmatic in sonal appeasing, not through Harry A. Rhodes, Ed. 673 pp. any atoning Saviour. Modern $2.00. Revell. New York and thought and life, yet the prac- scientific thought has destroyed Chosen Mission, Seol, Korea. tical and the mystical exist side by side, and the one "religion" for many scholars the idea of im- Margaret King's Vision. Mrs. Howhich seems to be surviving and mortality. ward Taylor. 165 pp. $1.00. China reviving at present is the mys- The little book's discussion of Inland Mission. Philadelphia. tical Buddhism, which, however, "Spirit and Matter," "Person- ality Values," and "How Far are o Carry Me Back. E. A. Bland. 317 after the example of Christian- Men Equal?" should prove of inity, is developing its social side. terest to ethical philosophers, pp. 28. 6d. Pickering & Inglis. Chinese thought has been more London. and somewhat less so to theoloinclined than that of the West to gians. For students of Missions, The Pageant of Chinese Historyseparate religion from ethics, in view of China's greatly dimin- From 3000 B. C. to Founding of the regarding relations with men as Republic. Elizabeth Seegar. $3.00. 386 pp. Longman's Green. New m 0 r e immediately important York. than hazily conceived relations ished reverence for her own an- Pablo and Petra-A Boy and Girl of cient culture, the interest will Mexico. Milicent H. Lee. $1.50. with deities generally feared and also be largely historic, yet well 152 pp. Crowell. New York. auueased rather than loved and repay perusal. obeyed. Religion in the Highlands. Elizabeth COURTENAY H. FENN. R. Hooker. 319 pp. $1.00. Home Missions Council. New York. 1933. The author seems hardly justi- Recent Developments in German fied in giving practically the Rainbow Bridge. By Florence Cran- Protestantism. Otto Piper. 159 pp. nell Means. 152 pp. Cloth, $1.50. 48. S. C. M. London. Christian content of "love" to Paper, 75 cents. Friendship Press, the "jen" of Confucius and other New York. 1934. The Rockefeller Foundation-Annual sages, which scarcely went be- Report. 477 pp. Rockefeller Founyond the idea of "good-will," or This book written for children dation. New York. under twelve years, will be en- "humanity," with un-Christian joyed by all interested in seeing The Story of American Dissent. limitations, and is often little the races brought into a broth- John M. Mecklin. 381· pp. $3.50. more than the "cosmic urge" or Harcourt, Brace & Co. New York. erly understanding. The "Rain- "vital impUlse." The worship of bow Bridge" is a miniature gar- Sally J o. Zenobia Bird. 216 pp. the temples and of the ancestors $1.50. Revell. New York. den ina dish, made by two has emphasized self-s e e kin g homesick Japanese children in Sadhu Sundar Singh. C. F. Andrews. rather than devotion. 205 pp. $2.00. Harpers. New York. America and comes to have a The chapter on "The Ethical special meaning for all the chil- Arabia and the Bible. James A.· Values of Micius" affords an ex- dren in the neighborhood, sig- Montgomery. 208 pp. $2. Uni- nifying a bond between their versity of Pennsylvania Press. cellent introduction to a moral varying interests and problems:- Philadelphia, Pa. reformer most worthy of attention, probably the highest of the H.H.F. Yasu-Bo and Ishi-Ko-A Boy and Girl of Japan. Phyllis Ayer Sow- Confucian school, yet among the New Books ers. 142 pp. $1.50. Crowell. New least well known. To him York. "Heaven" seemed more real and personal, and "mutual love" ap- Negro-White Adjustment: An Inproarhed most nearly to the Boy and Girl Tramps of America. vestigation and Analysis of Methods Christian concept. Thomas Minehan. 267 pp. $2.50. in the Interracial Movement in the Farrar & Rinehart. New York. United States. 272 pp. $3.00. Association Press. New York.

Notes HELP Feed the Hungry educated in Philadelphia, and

Clothe the Naked her husband, went to the West Africa Mrs. Helen Barrett Montgomery Presbyterian Mission in 1928. With the well-known and well-loved author, China's millions threatened with famine. him she covered thousands of miles on educator and religious leader, died in A desolate stricken land nfts appealing the bush path and over the jungle Summit, N. J., at the home of her hands. trails. During the short time she was daughter, Mrs. George F. Simon, on at work in the Cameroun country she October 18th. She was the widow of For seventeen years the Home Of One· was privileged to see many evidences William A. Montgomery, of Rochester, siphorus, largest Christian orphanage in the of better living, and of freedom from N. Y., and was born seventy-three Orient, has been saving lives and preach~ fear of enemies, evil spirits, disease years ago in Kingsville, Ohio. After ing the G06pel. We cannot meet the de· and other curses. teaching in Philadelphia she married mands on us unless you and other loving and later became an ordained minister Christians send us aid. Mrs. Mary C*ary* Da*vis, formerly a in the Baptist Church, and spent her time traveling,· writing and speaking Our work cares also for infirm adults Methodist missionary to India, died at in the interest of Christian missions and maintains a Christian school for grow- her home in New York City on Sept. and deeper spiritual experience. ing youth-sustained solely by faith. Aid 7, at 90 years of age. Mrs. Davis us with your prayers and gifts. We ap· went to India in 1876 as a missionary From 1913 to 1924 she was Presi- peal to you for help in this work of of the W. F. M. S., and married Rev. dent of the Woman's Baptist Foreign Christ's mercy. Franklin G. Davis there in 1880. Mission Society. She also served as President of the Federation of Wom- Write for free booklet "Helping China's Shirts and Sheets an's Boards of Foreign Missions from Helpless" and illustrated catalog of hand 1917 to 1918. embroidered luncheon sets, dresser scarfs, or, ANTI-SEMITISM, handkerchiefs, etc.-artistic hand work of Mrs. Montgomery's mission study our orphans who are learning to support A PRESENT.DAY SIGN OF THE books and her new translation of the themselves. Address: FIRST MAGNITUDE I New Testament have had a wide circulation. She was a very effective HOME OF ONESIPHORUS By LOUIS S. BAUMAN, D.O. speaker at Chautauqua and at other conferences and schools of missions. American Office ONE OF ~ FACTS OF Drawer 6, 3131 Lincoln Avenue, *** THE MOST . THE MOST Chical'o, Illinois Rev. James S. Barr, D.D. died at Location of Home and Mission: TaiaH, TALKED OF ~ STARTLING New Wilmington, Pennsylvania, on October 12, 1934, being almost 102 Shantung, China BOOKLETS . NATURE years old. He was born at Canonsburg, Pennsylvania, on December 22, Dr. D. Duncan Main, founder of IN PRINT! SET FORTH! 1832, was educated in Jefferson Col- the C. M. S. Hospital in Hangchow, lege (Washington and Jefferson), died recently in England. He retired 15c ea.; 2 for 25c.; 51.25 per doz. Allegheny Seminary and Jefferson in 1927 after 45 years of service in Medical College and with his wife, China, but to the end he was busy in Post Paid. Stamps Accepted Mary Black Barr, he sailed for India the task of holding the interest of old in 1861, as a missionary of the United friends and securing new ones for the 10 PROPHETIC STUDY MORE TIMELY! Presbyterian Church. When they work at Hangchow. reached Sialkot, Dr. Barr found one ORDER YOUR COpy TODAY I congregation with nine communicant Mr. A. Huds*on *Br*oomhall, Treasmembers and a mission composed of ALAN S. PEARCE three missionaries and two ordained urer in China of the China Inland Dept. W. 1925 E. Filth SI., LONG BEACH, CALIF. Indian ministers. He lived to see a Mission, died at Shanghai, August 18, Presbyterian church of 44,579 mem- from typhoid fever. Mr. Broomhall, I If you use bers in 116 congregations, organized whose father was General Secretary as a synod with six presbyteries. of the C. I. M. in its early days, gave PRINTING When Mrs. Barr died in 1905, Dr. fifty years of valued service to Barr returned to America, but as long Christ's cause in China. The first few YOU will profit from an acas he lived, his heart was in India. years were spent in Shansi and Chih- quaintanceship with us. We li (now Hopei). During this period do the job complete in our own USED CUTS he opened the station of Twailu, liv- plant, whether it be large or ing alone in an inn for many months. small. Plates and half tone illus- Subsequently he was set apart for the business work of the Mission in Che- While our specialty is Books, trations used in THE foo, Kiukiang, Hankow and Chung- Maga:tines and Pamphlets, yet king. we have a variety of modern MISSIONARY REVIEW equipment to meet all the re- *** quirements of your particular during the past two years job. You will find our service Margaret Douglas Lewis, M.D., prompt, careful and courteous. for sale from 25 cents up, missionary in India under the Meth- odist Board since 1900, died in Madras Will you allow us to estimate plus postage. JUly 22, of endocarditis. on your next printing? We be- lieve you will be delighted with The Missionary Review *** our product, price and service. of the World Mrs. Irvin W. Underhill, a Presby- The EVANGELICAL PRESS THIRD AND REILY STREETS terian Colored missionary to West Af- rica, died September 24. She was Print…. of HARRISBURG, PA. The Mi..ionary Revie", of the World Sunday School Supplies PLANT AND MAIN OFFICE Third and Reily Str.ets Harrlsburs, Pa. SOUIld, SI'I/7111111 ~OIlS of'1IIe 1?11~I~ODI~:~II~II~1 .h/O7rlue/!rDnenoonmDliHqIulio/n~s II

-il"' ""' ".. " .. .-

OIIOlrNETEEN cDonayturtiheisrtisy~afopuerrimodoroef time that most of us find dillicult to visualize. On Christmas than nineteen hundred years will have passed since f ___ Jesus Christ came into the World. Though He lived so long ago and though His span ! of earthly life was only thirty~three years, He is th e most o utst apnrdiviinlgegcehs aorfa cCtherriso~f : history. Yet millions who have lived in remote places, c ut off from the I tian teaching and training, do not know Him as a Living Lord and Saviour. For them, j ~ , Christmas will be as meaningless as an anni versary of some heathen god on a south sea , island is to us.

i 1'1r<t::<5IIHtEhrseeetthleumndernetdoyf eAamrseargicoa. by civilized peoples of tbe old world began a little over ..J century and a half later. FWoretyb~eocnaemyeeaa r sr eacfotgenr itzheed nation a few years more tohfanIn~a signing of the Declaration f dependence, the American Sunday School Union began the task of taking the Bible and the Gospel of Jesus Christ to the pioneers who were rapidly spreading across the un~ if known areas of the Mississippi Valley and the farther West. The first Sunday School be~ yond the Father of Waters was founded in Kansas by one of our missionaries.

1'1r.<t.::<J5IIOfiDcroaAmuYnbdonererdaetrhrlyetofciabvreoerdtobefor.uosuaArnndmaiUrsmsnioyionoanfriSoesvu.enrdTaoyhneeSychhduoonotdlsrtehaderelaainnnddoffporeorntmyticothololaiusntsatronudrcaotlaeAastcmhaeenrrd-s and students is enrolled for the regular study of the Bible as God's Revealed Word each Lord's Day. Eight hundred and four Daily Vacation Bible Schools were conducted last summer. Ten Young People's Bible Conferences provided mountain~top experiences for rural young people in various parts of the land. Three years ago only one such conference II<::5was conducted under the auspices of this Society. Next year we hope to have twenty~five. 'rc<. rOUSANDS of denominational churches in existence today hyaedarththeiirrtOy~ritgwioDchinurlcithteles ~ , Union Sunday Schools organized by our missionaries. Last , ..J grew out of our work and were turned over to the official bodies of the denomina~ ~ tions selected by popular choice. No other organization has done more to foster , , and aid the cause of organized Christianity in America. j~ Il i 110 ill ill experience, non-sectarian in principle, true to the Bible and always evangel- , istic in spirit and effort, we continue to exalt Christ as a Divine Savior, as we sow i II; a; ~~ the seed of God's Revealed Word.more many thousands of boys tahnedogldirlbsaacnkdrooalddesroffoAlkmeIirv~- • II"RISTMAS will mean back to the mountains and along ing out on the prairies, in j , ica, because of this tremendously important work. Christmas will mean more to you, if you decide to have at least a small share in this work. No church or Sun~ ; day School in town or city, no man or woman living in the larger centers, has ever known X r, IIanything but added joy and blessing, through gifts sent to help us in this task. No other if religious organization administers these gifts more carefully and effectively than does our Society. They are regarded as a sacred trust. j X if THE Spirit bas prompted you to regard your material possessions in the light of • , Christian Stewardship, ask His guidance in the matter of making a contribution to this needy work among Hthe otherwise unreached" millions in rural America. A j year's subscription to the field magazine, The Sunday~School Missionary, will be j credited to you, following the receipt of your gift. j j Address any of our District Offices as listed below, or j The Department of Missions—THE AMERICAN SUNDAY SCHOOL UNION j 1816 Chestnut St., Philadelphia, Pa.

189 W. Madison St., Chicago, 111. 1119 Schofield Bldg., Cleveland, Ohio.

508 I. N. B. Bldg., Des Moines, Iowa. 1105 Plymouth Bldg., Minneapolis, Minn• ……10 Madison Ave., Kansas City., Mo 321 E. Oklahoma Ave., Knoxville, Tenn.

8 Beacon Street, Boston, Mass. 615 Stock Exchange Bldg., Portland, Ore. I 156 Fifth Ave., New York City. 1332 E. Harvard St., Glendale, Calif. …

… … … … …

The Missionary Review of the World — June 1934

1934

WHO ARE THE ORIENTALS? ……….. . Albert W. Palmer ORIENTAL STUDENTS IN AMERICA ….. Charles D. Hurrey IS AMERICA'S INFLUENCE CHRISTIAN? .. Arthur D. Young HOW SOME ORIENTALS WORSHIP ….. Florence C. Evemeyer IN CHRIST NO EAST OR WEST …………. Allan A. Hunter INTERRACIAL UNDERSTANDING …… CharlesR. Shepherd A NEW DEAL FOR ORIENTALS …………… Pardee Lowe GEl CHUCK, THE CHINESE COOK ……….. Philip F. Payne OUR OPPORTUNITY IN AMERICA ……… Virginia Kadoike THE SECOND GENERATION JAPANESE .. Frank Herron Smith EAST INDIANS IN UNITED STATES …. Theodore Fieldbrave THE FILIPINOS IN AMERICA ……………. Jose G. Deseo THE CHINATOWN CHALLENGE ……………. Edwar Lee STORY OF A CHINESE IMMIGRANT …… Theodore F. Savage

to Remember JUST OFF THE PRESS accepted an invitation from the

Dominion Movement, London, to give June 7-12-General Synod, Reformed The Other Half of Japan addresses at the Mildmay Conference Church in America. Grand RapidS, on World Evangelization, June 12th- Mich. (A Rural Perspective) 19th and will return early in July. He expects to sail from New York on June 20-27-General Assembly, Unit- By Edward M. Clark, B.D., Ph.D. June 1st and his address while abroad ed Presbyterian Church. Oxford, O. will be: Care of Founder's Lodge, Professor of New Testament Exegesis and Mildmay Conference Centre, London, June 20-27-Summer School of Mis- Rural Evangelistic Problems in the N.l. sions, Winona Lake, Indiana. Chua Theological Seminary, Kobe, Japan *** June 21-27-General Council of the Congregational and C h r i s t ian DR. BUTTERFIELD says, "I unhesi- Carlton M. Sherwood, for fifteen Churches. Oberlin, O. tatingly commend this book to every years associated with the Internation- pastor, to every church official charged al Society of Christian Endeavor, and June 26-27-Union of Reformed with administering or encouraging Chris- Editor of The Christian Endeavor Church in the U. S. and the Evan- tian relationships between East and World, resigned March 31st. gelical Synod of N. A. Cleveland, West, to every Christian layman who Ohio. gives thought to the future of the Chris- *** tian enterprise as a world force. The July S-Aug. 12-Winona School of book should be studied and Its program President Herman C. E. Liu of the Theology, Winona Lake, Ind. considered both in Japan and in Amer- University of Shanghai started on his ica." return to China on February 17. All July 20-25-World's Woman's Chris- over the land President Liu told what tian Temperance Union Convention, CONTENTS Christianity has done for China, and Stockholm. his lectures, coming from a cultured PART I. The Problem Stated Chinese, carried conviction with them. July 30-Sept. 8-Summer Seminar on PART II. The Farmer's Gospel School Education and Culture Contacts. P ART III. *** Dept. of Educati()n, Yale Univer- PART IV. (A Step Forward) sity, New Haven, Conn. PART V. The Community Parish Rev. Willis R. Hotchkiss is now re- turning to his field in Kenya, Africa. August 4-10-Baptist World Congress. (The Ideal Unit) This district, of which he was one of Berlin. An Adequate Leadership the discoverers, has changed from a jungle to one of the most productive August 21-24-Tenth National c<>n- (Tbe Actualizing Force) tea areas in the world. Its capital, vention, Evangelical Brotherhood, A United Campaign Nairobi, has 50,000 inhabitants, 20,000 Evangelical Synod of N. A. Mil- of whom are English settlers, and all waukee, Wis. (Getting Under the Load) modern conveniences, including a rail- road and weekly air service from Lon- August 21-26-General Conference, Price. Cloth $1.50 don. Seventh Day Baptist Churches. Salem, W. Va. THE EVANGELICAL PRESS •*• September 4-9 – National Baptist Third and Reily Sts., Harrisburg, Pa. Dr. Karl Barth, Swiss theologian, c<>nvention. Oklahoma City, Okla. and professor in the University of Personal Items Bonn, Germany, has been dismissed September 12-21- United Church of from his chair because of his criticism Canada, General Conference, Kings- Mr. John T.Manson, of New Haven, of the Nazi policy which would make ton, Ont., Canada. Connecticut, has been elected the 18th the Church an arm of the government. president of the American Bible So- He expects to visit America and to October 4-13 – General Conference ciety since its foundation in 1816. Mr. lecture here in the coming autumn. Evangelical Church. Akron, O. Manson is a layman of the Presby- terian Church, U. S. A., a director of ••• October 17-United Lutheran Church a number of business corporations in- in America. Savannah, Ga. cluding the Equtable Life Assurance Dr. O. R. Avison has retired from Society. the presidency of Chosen Christian December 4-7-Federal Council of College, Seoul, at the age of 74 and the Churches of Christ in America, The Rev. Ho*war*d S*mith, American Dr. Horace H. Underwood, a Presby- Biennial Meeting. Dayton, O. terian missionary, has been elected his missionary, of the American Chris- successor. WHICH? tian Alliance of Pengshui, Szechuan Province, was captured by Commu- ••* The Red OR The Red nists on May 10th. Miss Helen Clark, Blood a British missionary, was also seized, Dr. Sidney Gulick, Secretary of the Flag but is reported to have escaped. Federal Council's Department of In- ternational Justice and Goodwill, has Near one of our camps for children The Communist leader demands completed twenty-five eventful years who have learned 500 Bible verses a $100,000 in Chinese money from of service with the Federal Council, communistic camp for children was Chang Hsueh-liang for Mr. Smith's after having been a missionary in located. While our boys and girls release. The Reds occupied many were singing of the Blood that roads, endangering other missionaries. (Continued on page 257.) cleanses from sin these other children could be heard singing The Red Flag. E. Stanley J*one*s, *"ambassador of Sunday School One of these misguided boys said to one of our workers "You can keep Christ to the peoples of Asia," recent- Supplies your Jesus; we want the Red Flag." ly visited for three days Asbury Col- lege, at Wilmore, Ky., his alma mater .~!oou~ouo. FsPl,InlIueu/ Help us safeguard the children and that sent him out to India in 1907. /ti/eroQ#oqu/Ier.rMJ young people from this terrible sys- Of more than 1,200 graduates, forty ·forQ/! /JmumInq1iotJs tem by giving them the gospel. per cent have entered Christian serv- ice. Write for THE CANADIAN SUNDAY SCHOOL MISSION and &III Lomk.. BiQ., r ..Ilipc, Mo. Dr. Jones expects to spend a por- tion of each year in China conducting .(wor1cVn.g among8t the other- an intensive campaign among the edu- wise 'Ilnreach.ed in the roraJ cated classes to counteract the grow- diBtriots of We8tern OafKJ4n,j. ing menace of Marxian Communism.

FOR C'HILDREN At>."D YOUNG PEoPLE *** -Sunday Schools, Bible MemDry Contests, Camps, Bible Correspondence Mrs. Ella A. Boole has accepted Course, Summer Bible Schools. the presidency of the World's Wom- an's Christian Temperance Union. FOR ADULTs-Radio evangelism, She will give her time and energies public meetings, house tD house visits. now to promoting the temperance work around the world. We would appreciate It If you w!11 pray for us, write to us, give through *** us. Dr. Samuel M. Zwemer, of Prince- ton, editor of the Moslem World, has

MISSIONARY in our April issue (page 179), was If the

REVIEW OF THE WORLD written by Grace Noel Crowell. calls you East DELAVAN L. PmRsoN, Editor *** of Suez … sail VOL. LVII JUNE, 1934 No.6 Intelligent and large hearted read- ers occasionally write to encourage us Publication and Business Office by telling how much they enjoy and Third and Relly Sts., Harrisburg, Pa. value the REVIEW. Here are two re- cent letters: Editorial and Executive Office 156 Fifth Avenue, New York City "I wish to express appreciation for Entered as second-class matter at the splendid department that Mrs. Post Office, Harrisburg, Pa., under Act Aitchison is editing in THE REVIEW. of March 3, 1879. I wish that many more women were 25 cents a copy-$2.50 a year. subscribing for this magazine." Foreign Postage, 50 cents a year. Published monthly, except August. MISS LILLIAN C. GRAEFF, Wom- All rights reserved. Copyrighted 1934. an's Missionary Somety of the Evangelical Church. MISSIONARY REVIEW PUB- LISHING CO., INC. "I have enjoyed the material in this magazine and have gotten so much BOARD OF DIRECTORS out of it for the missionary programs RoBERT E. SPEER, President for our Sabbath school that I can not WM. 1. CHAMBERLAIN, Vice-President get along without it. I told our Sab- WALTER McDOUGALL, Treasurer bath School Board that I would be lost DELAVAN L. PmRSON, Secretary without it because of the real happen- SAMUEL MCCBEA CAVERT ings on the mission fields; the stories MBs. ORRIN R. JUDD are fine for relating to Sabbath school WM. B. LIPPHARD groups, and this material, if brought ERIC M. NORTH across in the right way, makes people MILTON T. STAUFFER missionary minded." A. L. W ARNSl1lJlS SAMUEL M. ZWEMER ANNA MILLER, West Aliquippa, Fa.

Editorial Chat Will you pass the good word along? THE ROUTE PREFERRED Here is our special-"The Orientals *** SINCE 18401 in America" number. You will find it informing, interesting, stimulating. The advertisements in the REVIEW Cross Cunard to England ••• Will you pass on word to others so are worth noting and may help to and emhark at London in a great that they too may send for copies and supply your need. We believe they are ship of this Line that traditionread them. The "Ways of Working" all reliable for we investigate before ally and for nearly a century has and Home Mission Bulletin contain accepting any advertisement. They carried the vanguard of the valuable material on the same topic. offer opportunities. Church eastward to all the lands Why should not every church and heyond Suez. P & 0 Liners, of every missionary society have copies Personilitems transatlantic size and comfort, for distribution? Do not let this good stand for the Progress of the West feast lie untouched and become stale. (Continued from 2d cover.) in scores oftropic ports and teem- ing harhours of the Indian Ocean * * '" Japan under the American Board for and the Pacific. Natives measure 25 years. time hy their swift and sure As usual some of the best items on arrival. Low rates and new, fast, our "Bill of Oriental Fare" were * * '" luxurious ships make the voyage crowded out of this June number. an exceptional value. Those that did not come in time we Dr. Ralph E. Diffendorfer, correexpect to use in July-One is by Don- sponding secretary of the Board of PENINSULAR aldina Cameron, the "Lo Mo" of San Foreign Missions of the Methodist AND ORIENTAL AND Francisco's Chinatown; another is by Episcopal Church, sailed April 7 for a Korean on the Koreans in America; an extended official tour in Central BRITISH INDIA STEAM there are also some interesting stories and South America. He plans to visit, NAVIGATION COMPANIES of work for Orientals. Watch for personally, every piece of work conthem. ducted by the Methodist Board in Regular sailings from London, these lands. Gihraltar and Marseilles to India, '" * * Ceylon, Burma, Straits Settle- (Concluded on page 320.) ments, China, Japan, Australia, Occasionally the REVIEW prints mis- New Zealand, Egypt, Sudan, takes – and is caught. Sometimes AGENTS WA~TED Persian Gulf, East and Souih these errors are due to the "printer's Africa, etc. devil," at other times to the source THE MISSIONARY REVIEW can from which the news comes-period- be sold in quantities to every Mis- Complete information from icals, authors, letters; sometimes the Your Local Agent or Editor's "blind spot" is responsible. sionary Society. It furnishes infor- In our May number, page 218, ap- mation in brief, interesting form for t;UNARD~LINE peared the pictures of four American leaders and discussion groups. Why Board missionaries to India. They not act as our Agent in your church GENERAL AGENTS should be labeled (left to right) Wil- or community? You can advance the 25 Broadway New York liam W. Scudder (not John), and John cause of Foreign Missions, and at the E. Chandler, early Madura mission same time earn a liberal commission. workers; Samuel Fairbank and Allen Hazen, Marathi missionaries. We do Address-Circulation Manager, not place the blame for the error-it The Missionary Review o/the World. is enough to point out the correction. Third and Reily Streets, *** Harrisburg, Pa.

A reader informs us that the poem [257 ] "Then Let Us Pray," which appeared

AMERICAN CHRISTIANS WELCOME FOREIGN

INTERNATIONAL HOUSE, BERKELEY, (:ALIFORNIIA INTERNATIONAL HOUSE, CHICAGO, Il,LINOIS These International Houses are built by private philanthropy to bring American and Foreign students together under Christian auspices ORIENTALS IN AMERICA RESPOND TO CHRISTIAN INFLUENCES FIRST JAPANESE REFORMED CiHURCH, SAN FRANOISCIO, CALIFORNTAr-REV. SOHEl KOWATA, MINDSTER WHERE ORIENTAL STUDENTS LEARN THE CHRISTIAN WAY OF LIFE A YOUNG PEOPLE'S CHRISTIAN CONFERENCE IN NORTHERN CALIFORNIA, 1983 REVIB ORLD VOLUME LVII AN INTERDENOMINATIONAL REVIEW OF WORLD-WIDE CHRISTIAN PROGRESS NUMBER SIX JUNE, 1934 Topics of the Times THE SECRET OF PERMANENCE 000 out of a population of over 125,000,000 peo- On what do the permanence and power of Chris- ple (a little over two-tenths of one per cent), why tian missions depend? On institutions, or organizations, on strong continued financial support? should so much attention be given to this small Some missions and work are criticized on the ground that the results are not permanent because group of Asiatic races who have come here to earn they depend chiefly on preaching the Gospel and Bible teaching but establish no large schools or a living, to gain an education or to find a home? colleges, no well-equipped hospitals or large well- Christians are interested and every intelligent organized churches. Such institutions are good but in themselves they do not insure permanence. American citizen should be interested in these Any physical institution may be destroyed in a night or may be taken over by a hostile govern- Orientals-Why? ment. The secret of permanence is life. Good seed (the Word of God), planted (in prayer) and (1) Because they are fellow humans. They nurtured (by the Holy Spirit), until it takes root and bears fruit, is the best assurance that a work may not be of the same blood or general appearwill abide. This was the secret of the permanence and progress of the work of Christ and His ance as Occidentals but they are men and women apostles. The gates of death and all the opposing forces of the devil could not prevail against that ·aopf ptehtel.tesas,mwe ehaukmneasnsefsamanildy,pwosisthibisliimtieisla. r natures' work. Everything that God provides may be an asset but sometimes we have been tempted today (2) The fact that they are different in educato look upon physical equipment, large institutions, elaborate organization and financial tion, in habits and in ideas, makes them the more strength as an evidence of permanence, rather than on life, implanted, nurtured, spreading. Men interesting, and we can learn much' from them. can demolish institutions. They cannot destroy life-God given life. Since America is a "Melting Pot" of many races WHY THIS INTEREST IN ORIENTALS? and nationalities it behooves us to study the in- gredients and to learn how they can best be assim- ilated so as to make a strong nation.

(3) Because many of these Orientals are Amer- ican born and are therefore citizens of the United States with all the privileges and responsibilities of citizenship. They need to be understood, to have sympathy and fair treatment-which many of them do not experience.

(4) Because they may be either an asset or a liability in American life. If they learn to love their new home, and to sympathize with our high- est ideals and methods, they will bri nmgasytrbeencgotmh~· if they are alienated by abuse they dangerous and disturbing elements in society; or This number of THE REVIEW is devoted to the a source of weakness, as clay mixed with iron.

"Orientals in America," the topic which mission- (5) Because these Orientals who have come ary-minded groups in churches of all denomina- from China, Japan, Korea, India and the Philiptions are to study during the coming year. Half pines have influence in their home lands-our a dozen books on the same subject have been pub- neighbors across the Pacific. The most important lished at considerable expense by The Missionary events of the future will probably transpire Education Movement. Since the total number t>f around the Pacific Ocean and it behooves America Orientals in the United States is only about 275,- to cultivate friendly contacts with these nations.

[259 ]

Many Orientals and their children will return to also made to the Oaxtepec Rural Normal govern- their former homes and some of them will there ment school.

occupy positions of importance-in politics, in The most important meeting was one on education, in business and industry and in reli- education since a series of recent rulings by the gion. It is worth while to give them Christian Federal Department of Education had raised fun- opportunities and to make them friends. damental questions about the continuance of mis- (6) Because many Orientals in America have sion schools. The increasing tendency of the cen- come under such helpful influences that they have tral government to make education a monopoly either remained here to help America or they have of the State creates difficulties for every private returned home to bring blessing to their own peo- school. Some seem to detect a trend, under the ple and to the world. Among these are men and name of socialistic education, to impose material- women like Toyohiko Kagawa of Japan, Huie Kin istic and anti-religious instruction not only upon of China, Pandita Ramabai of India and hundreds the official schools but also upon private schools.

of others known and unknown to fame. A decided anti-religious tendency is noted in (7) Finally these Orientals, as strangers in a states like Tabasco which expresses itself in a strange land, need Christian friendship, teaching campaign against everything religious.

and influences; they are men and women with im- In view of the present situation, it is found mortal souls for whom Christ died and whom He necessary to establish a new line of action for included in His commission when He directed His evangelical educational work as soon as possible.

disciples to proclaim the Good News to all na- Instead of this meaning a curtailment of Chris- tions, by word and life. We have an obligation tian activities, a careful study of conditions to understand them, to love them, and to witness showed a large field of need completely open for to them of the abundant life that Christ has made such work. It was therefore decided to organize possible. and intensify four types of evangelical work.

For self-interest and for human interest, in 1. One line will be through Christian social acknowledgment of our debt to them and to Jesus centers, chiefly in rural districts, with an inten- Christ, in view of their achievements and their sive program of economic, social and cultural possibilities, there is good reason to study the improvement, good citizenship, education of the Orientals in America, to use the knowledge thus surrounding community, active evangelism and gained and to share with these people all the bless- religious training. The activities will include lec- ings we enjoy. tures, medical dispensary work, minor industries, domestic economy, hygiene, reading-rooms, teach- A CHALLENGING PROGRAM IN MEXICO* ing the care and education of children, coopera- At the invitation of the evangelical forces of tive production, religious studies, guidance in Mexico, representatives of most of the Protestant Christian service and training in the spiritual life. Mission Boards working in Mexico spent the week March 14-21 conferring both in union and in de- 2. Another type of service will be through stunominational gatherings with the Mexican Chris- dent hostels established in educational centers tian leaders in reference to the future of Chris- such as Mexico City and other state capitals. tian work, in view of the perplexing changes of Here students attending government schools can government regarding Christian schools and other be offered the surroundings of a Christian home with individual guidance in life problems. activities. Besides the educational conferences in Mexico 3. The program calls for the emphasizing of Christian literature. More anti-Christian litera- City, there were meetings of various groups in the ture is in circulation. Books, magazines and interests of union enterprises, including the Na- pamphlets should have a larger share in evangelitional Christian Council of Mexico, the Mexico cal work than ever before. Committee of the Committtee on Cooperation in Latin America, the Union Publishing House, the 4. One fundamental element in all phases of the Union Theological Seminary. A group visit was task is evangelical religious education. This can no longer be given in the school but it can and must be improved in the home and church. Chris- • The Mission Boards working in Mexico have been the first to tian education, in terms of life and character, must permeate-the entire evangelical program. carry out the suggestions of the last meeting of the Foreign Missions Conference, that secretaries unitedly should visit fields of work The Union Theological Seminary is also to be and consult with representative leaders of the national forces con- reorganized and relocated, emphasizing the decerning the new program of Christian service which Is demanded velopment of rural leadership and preparing min- isters for the anticipated government requirein these fields by neW conditions. ment that religious workers must do a certain The following board secretaries attended the Mexican conferences: amount of manual work. Dr. W. G. Cram and Miss S. L. MacKinnon of the Southern Method- 'ist Church, Dr. Thos. S. Donohugh of the Methodist Episcopal Church (north), Dr. John A. Mackay of the Northern Presbyterian Church, Miss Lela E. Taylor and Rev. Roy G. Ross of the Disciples, Dr. Robert M. Hopkins of the World's Sunday School Association, Samuel G. Inman of the Co=ittee on Cooperation in Latin Amer- Ica. The Congregationalists, Friends and Baptists were represented by specially appointed missionaries. S. G. I.

TOPICS OF THE TIMES

Evangelical missions must shift their programs economic and physical handicaps. Does the average since the Mexican Government is preparing to do white American citizen realize that the death rate among much of the educational and philanthropic work his red brothers is twice that among his own people?

for which the missions have carried responsibility. From tuberculosis alone, in one western state-Montana- Christian workers are now able to devote more a recent survey shows that the death rate of the Indian population over a six-year period (ending 1931) shows time to their primary spiritual work. They will twenty-seven times that of the white population of the be able to mingle with the new vigorous forces state, one county being excluded. . . .

that are transforming the life of the people and In economic conditions too, there has long been urgent need of saving action. In 1887, in an effort to reform the by friendly ministries will be able to bring the system pronounced "accursed," the Government instituted land allotment. The aim back of this was to reform the spiritual forces to bear on the social program and Indian by inCUlcating in him the white man's way of living. To that end the reservations were broken up from vast to show how Christ's teachings affect actual life tribal tracts into individually owned pieces, and the Indians were told to farm these pieces as the white man did and situations. to give up their old tribal habit of operating their land in common. This system, however sincerely it may have These are the merest outlines of a far-reaching been instituted, has .been a source of economic loss to the Indians which is rapidly bringing them to ruin. From its program. To one,who has been familiar with the beginning in 1887 to the present time, two-thirds of the Indian-owned property has passed to white ownership as a evangelical work for many years, it seems that result of the forcing on an inexperienced race the respon- sibilities for individual ownership and operation of propthere has never beel). worked out up to the present erty. . . . In ten tribes recently studied it was discovered that the average per capita income was no more than $47 time such a challenging Christian program and per year. What can be expected of a people so frightfully handicapped by poverty and disease? . . . Is not some never could Christian forces outside of Mexico be drastic measure of reform imperatively needed?

asked with more enthusiasm to help support this program. SAMUEL G. INMAN.

THE INDIAN PROBLEM TODAY The Wheeler-Howard Bill The American Indian is still a problem. So is The plan put forward in the Wheeler-Howarq Bill is the Negro, and the Oriental in America. Can we as follows: to repeal the land allotment laws whIch have omit from the list the migrant workers, mountain- made it not only possible but unavoidable in many cases eers, miners, slum dwellers, farmers, the idle rich, for the Indians to sell their lands at sacrificial prices; to youth, parents? They all present problems which set aside an appropriation of $2,000,000 a year to buy are unsolved because every individual represents back for the tribes, lands which they have lost; and, a problem until he is properly adjusted to life. since these lands are chiefly operable in large units such as forest and range tracts, to make it possible for Indians But the Indian is, in an especial sense, an Amer- now living on widely scattered allotments (no one of ican problem because his ancestors were original which in itself is sufficient to yield its owner a living) to tenants-much sinned against-and the descend- consolidate these scattered tracts into large contigUOUS ents have been considered the wards of the Na- areas; and last, to make available to the Indian owners tion-too often exploited. It seems unbelievable of such tracts modern credit facilities, such as are availthat after four hundred years of contact with sup- able to white business men, and to supply them with techposedly superior white civilization, and after a nical advice in matters of administration and operation. century and a half of Governmental supervision and missionary influence, the Indian is still to so However, reform cannot rest entirely on economic prolarge an extent uncivilized, uneducated, and unad- visions. It requires also attention to the human side of justed to modern life. the Indian situation. How can reform be put into effect when the Indians themselves have no voice in the man- The Hon. John Collier, U. S. Commiesioner of agement of their affairs, no hand in the management of Indian Affairs, is endeavoring to correct some of their own money, no voice in determining what local conthe evils that hinder Indian progress, and to this ditions shaH,. be as to the health and education of their end is sponsoring the Wheeler-Howard Bill now children, no ~ght even to assemble, no normal human repending in Congress. This bill (as described in sponsibilities in fact? . . . our April number) is the subject of considerable debate and difference of opinion among statesmen, The Wheeler-Howard Bill offers the Indians the oppormissionaries and Indians. It may have an im- tunities so long denied them to function as citizens. It portant bearing on the future of the Indian for it will give to those Indians who so desire the right to organincludes plans for promoting community life on ize municipal self-government under certaill provisions reservations, with self-government and protec- of Government supervision. It will aiIlli at instructing the tion. It is confessedly an experiment to do away Indian as to the best civic and moral methods to employ' with the evils of the "allotment system" and ex- in operating these municipalities, and it is hoped that, ploitation by greedy white men. Mr. Collier says, with the years, they may become capable of functioning in in a letter to the editor: our Government as independently as white men do. . . .

On coming into office the administration was faced The Wheeler-Howard Bill does not, as has been with the most serious of all human problems-the disin- charged, attempt to "segregate" the Indians in any way tegration of a people, morally and spiritually, through whatsoever. It does not take any land away from any group or individual to give it to landless groups and in- dividuals. It does not in any way cut the Indian off from contact and association with his white neighbors. Least of all does the bill even by indirection militate against

Christian work among the Indians. Instead of ~oing .any knowledged his indebtedness to Dr. Fisher for of these things, it will secure more land ~o the IndIans and it will prevent them, from losing to whIte people that furnishing translations from this Turkish history. That was enough. Although Dr. Fisher has never which they already have. It will immeasurably raise the said or writen anything against the Government educational opportunities open to them, making av~iIable the mere furnishing of a translation, which was to Indian youths training comparab~e to that cons.Idered indispensable to the children of whIte men. It WIll not used by some unknown writer, was enough to conimpose the slightest restriction on the freedom of any demn him. The Government informed Robert Indian to come or go as he wishes. . . . College that Professor Fisher would not be al- Within recent years the Indian was actually subject lowed to return to Turkey.

to segregating physical restri~tions .making it i~possib~e The tenth anniversary of the Republic offers for him to leave his reservatIOn WIthout a whIte man s permission. Those restrictions have now been remo~ed, evidence of the remarkable progress made in these but his terrible mental and spiritual segregation remams. ten years, but any conscientious report would Should that not also be lifted? The present administra- hardly be flattering enough to please the Turkish tion believes that it should. Government. One example of the striking prog- ress is, however, in education – in schools of all There is no question as to the evils connected types. The present regime has given great attenwith the present system. The. great question is tion to them, so that Turkish schools are better as to how the root of the evil can be removed so housed and furnished, better taught, and better that the Indian will be protected from exploitation disciplined, than ever before. But the teaching in and given an opportunity and incentive to take his these schools is selfish and narrowly nationalistic. place as an intelligent, useful American citizen. The teachers frequently fail to receive their pay, They need economic development, education in the and many blocks are put in the way of real proglaws of health, basic intellectual and moral train- ress. The Government's attitude toward many of ing; incentive and ability to perform the duties the foreign schools has been one of petty interof citizenship, and recognition of responsibility ference and of scarcely concealed opposition. and relationship to God. Tribal dances and superstitious rites should be discredited as unwhole- Other signs of progress are the better marriage some relics of the past, while the best character- laws, strict monogamy, and the emancipation of istics of the Indians are recognized and developed. woman. But in the interior of the country polyg- They should not be exploited either morally or amy is still practiced with little concealment, and financially, nor should any shortsighted policy be the veil is by no means lifted from women in adopted that tends to keep them segregated and most towns, and in practically all of the villages. under different laws from those that govern other citizens. The Wheeler-Howard Bill, with some INTERNATIONAL FRIENDSHIP HOUSES modification, promises to help solve some fea- tures of the Indian problem but there are others A large number of students have been coming that can only be solved as individuals-White and to America from foreign lands and, as a rule, have Red-become intelligent, Christian citizens in a attended schools and colleges in large cities such Christian environment. as New York, Chicago, Boston, Philadelphia, San Francisco and Los Angeles. To create under- PROGRESS AMID DIFFICULTIES IN standing and friendship between them and Amer- TURKEY* ican students, and to furnish accommodations in The Turkish Government is extremely national- wholesome surroundings, three large Internaistic and is so jealous and suspicious that very tional Houses have been built by private philaninnocent things get people into trouble. For in- thropy – one each in New York, Chicago and stance, note the expulsion of Professor Edgar J. Berkeley. In many other cities and in some col- Fisher, Dean of Robert College. The Government leges and universities there are hostels and club prepared its own textbook of universal history, houses that bring these foreign students under five volumes in Turkish, and ordered that no other Christian influence. text of history shall be used in any school. All foreign schools must use it and it must be taught The number of foreign students has decreased by Turkish teachers. The book describes the in recent years and the number of foreign stu- Turkish race as the originator of all civilization. dents in the International Houses is from one- Last year there appeared in an American educa- third to two-thirds less than eight years ago. In tional periodical a none too flattering critique of the New YorK International House, for example, this unique history, The writer, in fairness, ac- the number of Oriental stUdents has decreased from 154 in 1926 to 51 in 1934. This is largely due to the economic depression. These Houses of * All the Mission boards and societies have been forced to cut Friendship are important cultural centers, with an atmosphere of brotherliness at home and abroad, down their missionaries' salaries: then, after the 20% to 40% cut but they are not open to evangelistic efforts. has been made, the fall In the dollar cuts olI a third of the remainder. The American consular and diplomatic offtclals are paid on the gold baSis-but not missionaries!

Are the Orientals in America?

By PRESIDENT ALBERT W. PALMER, D.D., LL.D., Ii- -..a{ Chicago, Illinois Author of "Orientals in American Life," etc.

ORIENTALS are people who come from the over half a century and has now come to a period East. The word grew up in an English of fruitage and of new opportunity which makes and European setting where Arabia, Per- it an important enterprise for the churches to sia, India, China, Japan and the Philippines were understand and carry forward.

normally approached by going further and fur- The statistical tables which accompany this ar- ther east. Hence people from all these lands were ticle reveal at a glance the spread of Orientals called Orientals, those around the end of the Medi- throughout the continental United States and the terranean Sea being considered as in the "near" areas of their greatest concentration, as re- East and those in India, China and Japan as in ported by the census of 1930. To these figures the "far" East. We still use these terms in Amer- should be added those for Hawaii: 27,179 Chiica though, as a matter of fact, Japan, China and nese, 139,631 Japanese and 63,052 Filipinos, or the Philippines are in our near East or rather, 229,862 out of a total population of 368,336 in the since we normally go west to visit them, our "near territory. It should also be noted that these figwest," and we might as well call them Occidentals ures deal with race, not with national allegiance. as Orientals! All of which only shows that the About half of them are American-born and are line "East is East and West is West" is by no therefore American citizens by birth-right. This means as true as the poet thought it was! applies to those born in Hawaii just as much as to those born on the mainland of the United However, "Orientals in America" still means to us the people of Asia, especially those of China, States. Japan, and the Philippine Islands. There are What are the characteristics of these peopl~?

Arabs, Persians and East Indians in America but Much alike as all Orientals may look and seem to their number is small and they do not affect social us, they have their distinct differences of which conditions or create any race problem of impor- they themselves are very conscious. The Chinese tance. There are 6,400 Koreans in Hawaii but and Japanese have much in common in that both the number on the American mainland is very use the same written characters, though they pro- small, so that we here confine ourselves to the nounce them differently; they employ related art three larger groups, the 75,000 Chinese, the 140,- forms and think largely in terms of Confucian 000 Japanese and the 50,000 or 60,000 Filipinos. philosophy and Buddhist religious concepts. The All three together, total only about 275,000, not a Filipinos, though probably akin to the Japanese in very large block amid a population of 125,000,000 blood, with a considerable Chinese admixture, -only a little over two-tenths of one per cent. have been largely Christianized and have a cul- ture which owes more to Spain and, since 1898, Why bother about such a small minority? to America, than to Japan or even China. In Why should a series of textbooks about them be general the three groups, though often living in prepared and their study be urged upon all the churches? adjacent parts of American cities, are quite as The answer is that, while their number is rela- separate and distinct here as in their homelands tively small when compared with the whole Amer- across the Pacific. ican population, they represent a larger and more The Chinese in the United States are characterimportant proportion in certain areas like the ized by industry, thrift, capacity for sustained Pacific Coast where avery real and sensitive ra- toil, and commercial genius. They are excellent cial adjustment problem has arisen because of students and, in spite of a passion for gambling them. They also have a vital relationship to their and some addiction to opium, have an excellent homelands and so, for good or evil, they help to reputation for good behavior, and their criminal color and condition our dealings with these trans- record is well below the average for the total Pacific neighbors of whose importance we are be- American population. The economic and social coming increasingly aware. Moreover, mission- walls which racial discrimination has raised ary work has been carried on among them for against them have tended to shut them up in [263 ]

"Chinatowns," which if they were Jews would railroad builders. Even so, their competition and be called "ghettoes." Lack of economic oppor- increasing numbers struck terror to the heart of tunity has also driven some of them into under- the white workingman and, after a period of perworld trades or turned their attention toward secution and agitation, the Chinese exclusion law China as their land of hope. The proportion of was passed in the early '80s. Since that time their women among them is relatively small-only number has gradually declined until the last cen- 15,000 women to 60,000 men, because their roots sus when it has begun to rise, due to the natural are still in China and the immigration laws do increase from children born in this country. not permit them to bring their wives from China. This strengthens the tendency to be Asiatic- The Japanese came later, faced a racial attitude minded and the tumultous and revolutionary con- already fixed toward the Chinese, aroused the ditions in that country also attract their interest same fears of an Asiatic inundation of cheap laand arouse their hope. bor and became the object of anti-alien land laws and exclusion agitation which finally came to a The Japanese, on the other hand, consider climax in the federal immigration law of 1924. America their home and are not minded to re- This gave Asiastics no quota, thereby excluding turn to Japan, except as visitors. They have all except a few special classifications. Both the come largely as families with a goodly proportion Chinese and Japanese have resented these excluof women (57,000 females to 81,000 males) and sion laws which, although they have calmed the among their large group of American-born chil- fears of the Pacific Coast, have not been in acdren the balance of the sexes is nearly equal. cord with the ideals of Christian diplomacy and They do not ordinarily accept segregation, though have been needlessly and foolishly irritating to Los Angeles and other Pacific Coast cities may peoples with whom we shall have to live around have a "little Tokyo," but scatter on farms and the Pacific Ocean for centuries to come and whose in the urban communities. They are industrious, friendship we should seek to win and not to thrifty, especially good at "stooping-over" agri- alienate. cultural pursuits like raising strawberries and vegetables, and are exceedingly intelligent and The Filipino in America zealous for education for their children. They take on American ways rather more promptly Now, last of all, comes the Filipino. He came than the Chinese in their clothes, their houses first to Hawaii as a laborer in the sugar-cane and and social customs. Adaptability is their middle pineapples and now appears in the United States name! proper as a student and a gang-laborer in the lettuce, asparagus and sugar beet industries. He Oriental Characteristics is lithe, cheerful, adept at "squatting" types of agriculture and he operates in gangs under a boss A widespread legend has it that the Chinese who is both employer, labor leader, boardingare honest and the Japanese dishonest, but this is house keeper and sometimes friend and relative one of those perverse racial generalizations which all rolled into one. are quite without adequate foundation. Unprejudiced observers who really know both races do not In the cities the Filipino is a young man away draw any such comparisons. They recognize that from home. He likes good clothes and social the Chinese, out of a long commercial training, gaiety. He is fond of music and dancing and has are ordinarily loyal to their contracts while the a Spanish cavalier attitude toward the ladies. Japanese, who have only recently emerged from Not having many women of his own group (only feudalism, . are more strongly bound by ties of one to every fourteen men) he makes friends with personal loyalty, honor and good will. The Japa- women of other racial groups-Mexican, Italian, nese are noted for cleanliness, a high sense of Polish and others-and this sometimes decreases personal honor and dignity, love for children and his popularity with the men of those groups. skill in controlling them and a deep sense of gratitude for favors received. Like the Chinese their Being the latest comer he is the least popular criminal record is decidedly better than the aver- and most objected to, and he has a certain irreage of the population and they practically never sponsibility and recklessness which go with youth trouble the associated charities or the Juvenile and would doubtless be less noticeable in a com- Courts. munity of normal age and family composition. He has, howeyer, a Spanish and Roman Catholic The Chinese began coming to California during background and his friends think that in some the gold excitement of 1849. Crowded out of the ways he will make the adj ustment to American mines by discriminatory taxation they found mar- life more easily than Chinese and Japanese beginal occupations so far as possible where they cause of that. He is able to get by the immigrawould not compete directly with white men. They tion authorities so far because, while not a citibecame laundrymen, cooks, vegetable peddlers and zen, he is rated as a "United States national" and not excluded. When Philippine independence ar-

WHO ARE THE ORIENTALS IN AMERICA?

rives he will probably find himself just another which predisposes them to Christianity. To them Asiatic without a quota. Meantime he is very Buddhism is alien and not readily intelligible, much in need of friends. The missionary work, whereas Christianity fits in with the ideas and long under way with Chinese and Japanese, has ways of thinking to which their education has prescarsely been started among the Filipinos, who, disposed them. as young men in a strange land greatly need homes, guidance, friendship and Christian influ- The way is therefore open and ready for a great ences. Christian forward movement among these young Americans of Oriental ancestry. Already the The need for missionary work among all these Japanese Young People's Christian Federation Orientals is imperative and the outlook is very has every year at Berkeley, California, the largest promising, especially among the young people convention of Christian young people of any race born in the United States and growing up in our on the Pacific Coast. public schools. This so-called "second generation" of American citizens of Chinese or Japanese It is therefore a very timely and strategic thing ancestry is one of the most appealing and praise- for the missionary leaders of our country to turn worthy groups of young people in all the land. the attention of the American churches to a home Whatever may have been the background of their missionary task which right within our own gates parents' religious ideas-Buddhist, Confucianist, has something of the romance of foreign mis- Taoist-they are growing up in a civilization sions and at the same time is filled with hopeful possibilities.

I. Regional Distribution of Orientals, Census of 1930 Chinese Japanese i Filipino Area T'otal Male Female Total I Male Female I Total I Male Female MNeiwddlEe n gAltalnadn t i.c…………………… 3,794 3,233 561 i ! 75 358 1 29 WSE.o. uNNtohorrtAthhtOlOaenentntirtcraal.l……………………………. 14,005 12,503 1,502 922 2,882 314 6,340 5,421 352 277 I 267 3,027 329 I 168 E. South Oentral ……….. 1,738 1,431 919 341 76 1,869 1,477 307 3,662 2,740 115 784 2,568 81 M WPa.ocuiSfnoictuatih.n..O..e….n..t..r..a..l………………………….. 392 1,022 755 14 861 2,859 743 589 154 1,003 662 255 50 2 United States ………….. 1,582 1,237 345 278 4,382 839 708 176 3,252 2,675 577 393 32 50,692 1,391 780 112 41,631 31,236 10,395 46 432 35,016 48 1,982 . 687 663 74,954 59,802 15,152 7,036 1,279 12101,,245118 1 69,559 33,034 138,834 I 81,771 I 57,063 1 45,208 j 42, 268 1 2,940 I I II. Oriental Population in Twenty-five Typical Cities, Census of 1930 Ohinese Japanese Filipino CHies Total 1 Male I Female Total i Male I l"emale ! 'rotal I Male I Female – – – – –~~~–~~~—I———— 438 I 346 i 131 2 Baltimore, Md. ………… 92 29 1 99 97 108 98 10 Boston, Mass. …………. 1,595' 1,346 ' 249 69 .:.:.:.:.:.:.:.: I 17 5 1,715 81 Buffalo, N. Y. ………….. 110 91 19 [ 1,796 568 37 Ohicago, Ill. …………… 2,757 2,408 349 ~~~ 486 II 179 10 486 1' 3,021 224 Oleveland, O. ………….. 570 84 45 ::::: I 1 51 88 1~7 G Dallas, Tex. …………… 10 605 189 255 73 Denver, 0010. ………….. 154 121 33 349 225 ' 124 3,245 1,599 198 Detroit, Mich. …………. 710 586 83 I 37 75 91 124 103 20 497 Kansas Oity, Mo ……….. 1 108 2,228 13:3 I 57 Los Angeles, Oalif. …….. 3,009 17 26 .. i2:597 I 8,484 492 15 781 21,081 '7 484 80 Milwaukee, Wis………… 1 176 157 19 10 328 314 418 4,158 Minneapolis, Minn……… ! 221 175 46 :38 30 8I 1,797 1,563 51 572 Newark, N. J …………… I 667 622 45 II •••••••• I 255 39 7 New Orleans, I,a……….. 1 267 197 70 34 549 499 New York, N. Y………… ' 8,414 7,549 865 2,356 1,748 608 91 Oakland, Oalif…………. 3,048 2,OIl 1,037 2,137 1,241 : 896 394 Oklahoma Oity, Okla…… 1 112 97 15 9 …… 98 I 4,576 1,474 198 138 1,614 Philadelphia, Pa. ………. 1,672 40 61 Portland, Ore. …………. 1,416 990 426 1,864 1,088 776 294 St. Louis, Mo. …………. 484 393 91 31 San Diego, Oalif. ………. 509 387 122 9Il 521 390 San Francisco, Oalif. …… 16,303 12,033 4,270 6,250 3,607 2,643 Seattle, Wash. …………. 1,347 969 378 8,448 4,741 3,707 Tacoma, Wash. ………… 89 1,193 676 517 Washington, D.O., …….. 398 325 93 78

Students in

By CHARLES D. HURREY, New York General Secretary of the Committee on Friendly Relations Among Foreign Students "I AM convinced that Christianity is not the If our Christian experience is to be shared with religion for China," said a Chinese student in others, should we not trust them to express their a recent conversation with me. One of his convictions according to their genius and in their fellow countrymen, with communistic leanings, own way? Perhaps the Oriental student in Amerconcurred in this view and added: "Why is it that ica should not join one of our denominations; communism has won a million followers in China maybe we should give him much more support in while Christianity lags far behind?" When I building up a Christian movement among his felchallenged them to indicate what they found low students in America. Why not call him into wrong in the teachings and example of Jesus conference with our Mission Boards? Is it not Christ, they promptly replied, "Nothing wrong amazing that so few Orientals are teaching in our in Him, but the system is bad." One of these colleges? students is a product of a mission school; the The Chinese, Japanese, Korean, and Filipino other is not; both are men of first-rate intellec- national Christian associations are eager to intual ability an'd pleasing personality. How·far do fluence their fellow students to live the Christian they represent the opinions of the other 1,200 life. Their leaders are seldom asked how Ameri- Chinese students in North America? can missionary enthusiasts can help them realize Communi~m, nationalism, and Christianity are their objective. They are often asked to dress up competing today for the allegiance of 4,000 Ori- in native costume and appear at missionary teas, ental students in the United States. For the mo- make speeches, and provide entertainment for ment nationalism holds their primary loyalty. American church organizations. We are in danger Chinese and Korean students regard the Japanese of exploiting these students for our own pleasure.

as enemies, and they are not generally disposed to I believe that 4,000 Oriental students returning to follow the injunction of Jesus and love them. The their mother lands can do more than twice that Japanese are willing to be loved, but not inclined number of missionaries to mould the life of their to swerve from one hundred per cent loyalty to people according to the pattern of Jesus. Hun- the "manifest destiny of their empire." East In- dreds of the most influential Christian leaders in dian students find more hope of present and fu- the Orient today were members of the Christian ture salvation in Mahatma Gandhi than in the associations in America a few years ago. "churchanity" of the Western world. Seven hun- Most of the Oriental students in America are dred Filipino students, while grateful for any good sympathetic with the aims and methods of their received from American sources, are restive under Christian associations; they read the monthly the deferred hope of complete independence. bulletins 0:( their societies, use their directories, No doubt some Oriental students have come ex- welcome the letters and visits of the secretaries, pecting too much; having enjoyed happy fellow- and attend various conferences. A minority are ship with their missionary teachers, they are sen- professed followers of Christ and take an active sitive to seeming neglect. Others have a chip on part in Christian association meetings. It is the shoulder; they are looking for trouble and through these associations that the American peothey find it. But after making due allowance for ple can best manifest their helpfulness.

this minority, we must admit that there is in our Some of the results of Christian contacts made American attitude and conduct abundant cause by Orientals in America are seen in the large for irritation and disillusionment. Most of us number of those who have returned to their home still act as if we had nothing to learn from the lands to take up service there. ancient .philosophy and culture of the Orient. We Dr. Toyohiko-Kagawa of Japan does not hesi- assume that the Oriental will come to us, learn our tate to give credit to Princeton Theological Semilanguage and manners, eat and dress as we do, in nary and his contact with American Christian short, become Americanized. Do we not still talk home life, for their determining influence upon of the "missionary enterprise" as if it were some- his life. thing which we are "putting over" in the Far East? Dr. Herman Liu, President of Shanghai Uni- versity, attributes to the American church and [266 ] MEMBERS OF THE THrRD ANNUAL OONFERENCE OF THE ORIENTAL STUDENT CHRISTIAN FEDERATION OF NEW YORK CITY, APRIL 13, 1933. DR. E. STANLEY JONES, WELL-KNOWN MISSIONARY IN INDIA, SPOKE ON "TH!El PLACE OF THE ORIENTAL STUDENT IN THE RELIGION OF HIS OWN COUNTRY"

home influences his decision to dedicate his life receptions and dinners are arranged; talented to Christian education in China. foreign students are frequently invited to address Dr. S. J. Theodore, an influential professor in American audiences. American made plans and Madras Christian University, earned his way programs are carried out in American fashion, through Cornell and Yale Universities, much of until the student naturally feels that he is being the time living with a Christian family. In spite used by Americans in their way rather than ac- of discrimination in street cars, barber shops, cording to his own desires.

restaurants and churches, he maintained a re- Leaders of Mission Boards and local mission- markably sweet spirit, and is today one of the ary societies will get ahead much better with foremost Christian educators in India. Oriental students if they will offer such coopera- Popularity and fraternity membership at Yale tion as will enable Oriental students to promote University did not turn the head of Y. C. James their Christian program according to Oriental (Jimmy) Yen. He was president of the Chinese methods and ideals. In short, the inquiry, "How Students' Christian Association and a welcome can we Americans help you Oriental Christian guest in many American homes. Service with the students realize your ideals in your way?" will Y. M. C. A. among Chinese laborers in France meet with an enthusiastic and cheerful response.

gave him a vision of service which is being ful- It is not Americanization of the Oriental nor de- filled today in his outstanding leadership for popu- nationalization of him that we seek, but rather lar education in China. the mutual deepening and enrichment of Christian Ask Dr. Hugh Cynn to name the determining experience through cooperative effort.

influences in shaping his career and he invariably An illustration of how things may be done in mentions his loyal American friends of the Meth- Oriental fashion in America, to make the Orien- odist Church and the Y. M. C. A. in California tals feel more at home, is shown by a recent Japa- and throughout the United States. He is one of nese dinner in New York at the Nippon Club. The the three most prominent Christian leaders in entire arrangements and program were exqui- Korea today. sitely Japanese – food, decorations, music, Hon. Camilo Osias, Commissioner from the speeches, all flavored with the courtesy of Nippon.

Philippine Islands, delights to tell of his student The little group of Americans present entered days in Illinois and Ohio when he was impression- heartily into the conversation, manipulated the able and homesick, and enjoyed the hospitality of chopsticks and admired the motion pictures of Christian people in home and church. College Japan. It was a delightful program initiated and friendships in America won him to fixed purposes conducted by the Japanese Students' Christian of Christian service to his people. Association.

The Christian movement among Oriental stu- The Filipinos in New York enlisted the coop- dents in the United States is by no means desti- eration of a few Americans in giving a dinner in tute of real friends. In practically every com- honor of Theodore Roosevelt, former Governor of munity where there are students from the Orient, the Philippines. Native costumes, special re- the churches, Christian Associations, and various freshments, music and speeches made the occasion clubs are actively in contact with them; many memorable for Americans as well as Filipinos. It

was a Filipino event by Filipinos and chiefly for smaller than in the past. Our business, political, Filipinos, of whom more than 150 were present. and educational relations with these countries are daily becoming more intimate and extensive. Ex- A church in Maplewood, New Jersey, each year cpallge visits are on the increase. More Oriental in May invites ten students from as many coun- teacpers are being invited to American univertries for a week-end. They participate in a picnic sities; friendship tours of school boys and girls on Saturday afternoon, are entertained in private are on the increase; future statesmen of the homes, speak to various Sunday school classes Orient are now studying political science in this and attend church service. Sunday afternoon each country and, slowly but surely, young Americans foreign student leads a discussion group on pis are planning a year or more of study and travel country. In the evening each foreign guest gives in the Orient. a farewell message at the Young People's supper. Making Christ known and followed in the Ori- We have come to the day when America needs .ent and Occident is a joint enterprise-not someto be a receiving, as well as a sending country, to thi:ng to be imposed by one group upon another. be taught and to follow rather than always to be Once the Oriental students discover this attitude teacher and leader. on our part they will unite with us in building a world society according to the vindicated prin- Inquiries addressed to hundreds of Christian ciples of Jesus Christ. Oriental leaders regarding the dominant influ- In all of our dealing with Oriental students we DELEGATES TO CONIFERE1NCE OF ORl'ENTAL CHRISTIAN should remember that they are inevitably under a STUDENTS, 1934 handicap: first, because they are conspicuous in our college life on account of external racial charences determining their careers called forth glow- acteristics; second, they are victims of our law's ing tributes to their American teachers, their fel- discrimination, which requires them to carry full low students, and their friends in the United time day work as students or be deported; the States. For many the inspiration of a Christian law denies them the right to work full time as home revolutionized their life purpose; others re- apprentices, for or without wages; third, prevailcall the memorable messages and fellowship en- ing racial and color prejudices on our part often joyed in student conferences. Not a few remem- humiliate them in their social relationships in ber with lasting gratitude the financial and moral America; fourth, their financial resources are help extended in their hour of desperate need. often inadequate and the accompanying distress results in embarrassment and often times harsh It is our duty and high privilege to invite criticism of American civilization; fifth, the Oriental students to our· Mission Board offices American-born Oriental finds it almost impossible and into our counsels. They should be made fa- to obtain a satisfactory position in this country, miliar with our changing plans and policies. Much although possessing ability and training, the equal of the hostility and prejudice against foreign mis- of that of white Americans. sions can be avoided and overcome by adequate and early conference and fellowship. We are the Oriental students are most grateful for suggeshosts, they are guests; initiative rests with us. tions and introductions which enable them to Why should any Oriental student return to his know influential American citizens and to obtain native land without having had opportunity to information not available within the curriculum. get the latest facts concerning missionary policy and methods? If we wish to improve our cooperative relation- ship with Oriental students, we must practice the Let us face reality. Comparatively few more Christianity which our missionaries preach. This American missionaries will be sent to Japan, Ko- will mean speedy recognition of racial equality; rea, and the Philippines; more will probably go repeal of discrimiriatory legislation, and the early to China and India, but this number will be granting of citizenship rights annually to a lim- ited quota of Orientals; the abrogation of unequal treaties; the absolute prohibition of the manu- facture and display of films which are an insult to the people-, of the Orient; the elimination of an attitude of patronage and condescension toward cultured Oriental tourists and students.

Thus putting our own house somewhat in order we shall be justified in expecting the Orient to listen to the Gospel; otherwise it will seem to them like "sounding brass and a clanging cymbal."

America's Influence Anti~Christian?

By ARTHUR A. YOUNG, New York Editor of "The Chinese Christian Student"

M ISSION BOARDS have sought the causes cut, and pays three dollars for the experience. A . for the slow progress of Christianity in the Orient, but too often they have overlooked sign on the campus reads, "Three rooms vacant," the Oriental students in America. Eventually these men become influential leaders among their but when the Filipino applies, he is told abruptly, own countrymen and are far-reaching factors in the success or failure of Christian missions in the "No rooms vacant." If he attends a church sup- Far East. per and has a fine time these same people fail to Unfortunately many Oriental students lose their faith in Christ and Christianity while study- recognize him as they pass him on the street. ing in the United States, as has been shown by a recent survey conducted among Christian Oriental Twenty-nine reasons were given by Oriental students.* It proved conclusively that among students why they lose their Christian faith while Oriental students more Christians are unmade, in America. These reasons include everything rather than made during their residence in the United States. Why is this? from "Too few Christians" to "America's passion Christian missionaries brought the first Ori- for misrepresentation"; from "race prejudice" to ental students to America. A Rev. Mr. Brown discovered Yung Wing in Macao and saw him "corruption and crime"; from "church too fundathrough Yale-the pioneer Oriental student to start the movement that brings hundreds of Chi- mental" to "church indifference to social probnese students to America yearly. Joseph Hardy Neesima, the first Japanese student in America, lems." was brought into contact with a Christian in the United States and, after receiving his education, Race prejudice is cited more than any other he returned home and founded Doshisha University. Today the percentage of genuine Oriental factor as a cause why Oriental students lose faith. Christians in American colleges is so small that we wonder why the movement that brought them One expresses disappointment to see that "some here in the beginning failed in later years to win more of them to Christ. churches do not allow colored people to enter"

Back home in the Orient missionaries have rep- and wonders "if they remember that Jesus Christ resented the favorable side of American life so as to cause the students to anticipate with delight Himself was not of white skin." Others say: "If a more intimate contact with Americans. "Before I came, I thought America a Christian na- Christ Himself tried to enter America He could tion. Now I know it's different," is a common experience among Oriental students. not do so under present immigration laws."

Even on board the steamer coming to the Filipino students are most vocal regarding lack United States the weakening process begins. At the Grand Central Terminal, an Oriental student of opportunities in the United States, particularly enters a restaurant, and waits and waits and waits, but no one comes to serve him. In the employment. Here is a typical statement: South, one of his countrymen gets his first hair- "Talk of Christianity but when it comes to prac- • The survey was a jOint effort of the Chinese Students' Christian Aissociation, the Japanese Students' Christian Association, the FIlI- tical life very few Americans are mindful of the pino Student Christian Movement In America, the Korean Students' x~!~l~~ Federation, and the Hindustani StUdents' Association In fact that we Filipinos are Christian and subjects of the United States, and therefore should at least be given a chance to enjoy the privileges accorded to Americans."

Even flags seen in churches have tended to weaken the Christian faith of Oriental students.

One Korean student confessed that the sight of them made him feel more patriotic toward his country, and, therefore, less a universal Christian.

Chinese and Japanese students place much em- phasis on America's commercial spirit, and the luxuries and pleasures so dominant in her civili- zation. .

Professors and university textbooks have played their part in this influence on faith. "Most cer- tainly, I have lost it," wrote one. "For one thing there is the influence of the university. Such courses as anthropology, comparative religion, 0pthhileorssopdh0 y,n psychology, sociology, sciences, an d ot tend to m ake a person believe i n organized religion."

[269 ]

One might think that Orientals in theological tian conferences and conventions, in Christian seminaries would be so entrenched in their Chris- homes and institutions. I have also received intian faith that no American contact would weaken spiration from many helpful messages that I have it. But from the replies received it is safe to say heard." that a number have become skeptical and have even lost their faith in Christianity since their A Chinese student felt his Christian life much studies in America, or their Christian faith has enriched because he "met good and sincere Amerbeen weakened. ican Christians in a family in St. Paul." Some American invitations are resented by Oriental stu- The chief criticisms are: too many denomina- dents because they seemed to indicate something tions; lack of the true spirit of Christianity to- of patronage and superiority. They are sensitive wards strangers; some churches show that the on this score, and dislike to be always receiving teaching of Christianity has become the second favors with never returning them. On college aim. Dances and other social activities predomi- campuses it is better for a church to say, "Welnate. come to All," and not, "Welcome to Oriental Stu- dents." A Chinese student at a well-known theological seminary lists four reasons why "my faith has As speakers in churches these students often been considerably weakened": 0 make contacts that help strengthen their Chris- tian faith. "My weekly atfendance at Sunday 1. The childish controversies over theological concep- School and speaking engagements in various tions instead of helping to live a good Christian life takes churches made me realize the value of real Chrisaway attention from matters of great issues of life. tian fellowship," says a Korean student. The problem is to get good speakers. Some foreign 2. The shattering of the ideal built up on the good life students utilize the occasion to lambast mission of the missionaries in the East. Christians in this coun- work in their home lands and should realize that try, with a few notable exceptions, do not stand the test criticisms are more effective when made to of ideal Christian life that we in the East look up to. church leaders than to congregations.

3. The fact that such a large majority of the Americans Success in strengthening the Christian faith of do not even outwardly take any interest in church work. Oriental students depends primarily on a strong religious foundation. Many have not been firmly 4. Christians in general do not take Christianity seri- grounded in the Christian faith and are only ously, and do not make any special effort to remove the "school Christians." "My faith remains unevils of American society. That a Christian nation should shaken; no devil can change my faith in God," allow race prejudice, lynching, and other discriminative writes a Filipino girl in California. treatment of different races shows that there is something wrong with American Christianity. A Chinese student says: "My faith has been strengthened not in spite of but because of the Such condition among Oriental students in discouraging and sometimes humiliating experi- America, men and women who hope on their re- ences I have gone through since my arrival in turn home to lead their people in new heights of beautiful U. S. A." progress, do not augur well for the future of Christianity in the Far East. There are a num- An East Indian finds that America's materialber of organizations laboring on behalf of foreign ism is a reason why he should be a better Chrisstudents in the United States, notably the Com- tian. "The rush for °money," he writes, "and the mittee on Friendly Relations Among Foreign Stu- pains taken to keep up external appearances, have dents. But their efforts, from the Christian evan- worked a reaction in my own heart about the shalgelistic point of view and the results, are insig- lowness of this over emphasis on storing up of nificant. Why do not American Mission Boards, riches in the world." which concentrate their work on fields afar, pay more attention to the foreign students here? This The most bitter anti-Christians in the Orient is a field calling for intelligent tillage; and one are those who were once in the fold and have lost that is deserving of the fullest possible coopera- faith through disillusionment. Jack London was tion. a great fighter against strong drink because he himself was once a drinker and became disillu- How to Improve the Influence sioned. Oriental students who come to America as Christians and go home as anti-Christians form There are ways to improve the situation. Not a challenge to the Christian Church-a challenge long ago seventy-five Oriental students in New that ought to be met. These men and women will York City met, with the aid of Columbia Univer- undoubtedly be leaders at home, influencing the sity and the Friendly Relations Committee, at thoughts, tastes and habits of their countrymen Riverside Church, and talked the matter over for for years to come. They will do much to mar or a whole day with missionary and church leaders. mould the Christian Church in Oriental lands. It was agreed that something must be done and effective methods of approach were discussed.

Personal contacts come first. A Filipino girl said, "My Christian faith has been strengthened through contacts with men and women in Chris-

HONG.A!NJI TEMPLE. SAN FRANCiSCO ALTAR OF THE NISHI HONGANJI BUDDHIST

How Some Orientals Worship in America -,·<tS{IL!;;i====B;;;; ;;Y ;;F;;;LO;;;R;;;E;;;N;;;C;;;E=C.;;;E;;;V;;;E;;;M;;;E;;;Y;;;E;;;R==-=!JI~ FAR too many have thought of the crossing of a means of regeneration. The Five Relations- ships bearing religion over the Pacific as a Father and Son, Ruler and Ruled, Husband and one-way passage, and that as Christianity Wife, Elder and Younger, Brothers and Friendsbound for Asia. But in mid-ocean the craft of of the Confucian code, holds a large place in the Christendom has been passed by ships from the background philosophy of life of both Chinese and Orient bringing to America their religions. What Japanese among the educated classes today. kind have they brought? How shall we regard But the common Chinese needed some one with them? ,compassion near to their daily lives. Making The Chinese were·the Oriental pioneers brought Buddha a divine being, and Kuan-yin a Goddess of Mercy, China's masses gave answer to Confuhere by capitalists of both races. The first were cian philosophy and Buddhism's socially destruc- "coolies," a name inflicted upon them, for there tive dream of Nirvana. is no equivalent in Chinese, no caste nor class it represents. It is a tribute to their strength that they survived the rough treatment they received In the Chinatowns of Vancouver, Seattle, Portin the frontier labor conflicts. Chinese have out- land, Los Angeles and picturesque "Little Asia" of San Francisco, where one-fourth of the 74,000 lived hard blows for over 4,000 years. Chinese in the United States are found, there Taoism and Confucianism are also the Chinese temples. As the old priest In the 6th century B. C., Lao-tse taught Taoism drew aside the curtain to show the "lady gods,"

-contemplation and reason, avoidance of force as there was Kuan-yin, fresh incense telling of re- • [271]

cent worship. Her story could offer comfort only Tenrikyo worship differs from Buddhist worto the few. ship. To a quiet place the discourser goes with the person that he may discern the character of Then came the Japanese. Prior to 1641, Japan his listener. Hence the movement of Tenrikyo permitted unrestricted residence of all nationali- is called a hidden mission. Preaching is not enties and as a result her entire social and economic tirely absent, but the sermon is seldom heard. structure was shot through with Chinese customs The principal ceremony of Tenrikyo is Otefuri and philosophy. Reacting strongly, Japan passed and Kagura. Otefuri is a prayer, accompanied by total exclusion laws and for two hundred years gestures of both hands, according to a formula it was a crime punishable by death for a J apa- taught by the foundressnese to leave his country. Now they are the world's great travelers and their first large emi- o my God, deliver me from evil. gration was to the United States. o our God, we earnestly ask thy deliverance Shinto and Tenrikyo for the purification of our fellowmen and for the edifice of Kanrodai (buoyant peace).

"Wherever Japanese are, there is Shinto," said Kagura is a harmony of singing, dancing and a Japanese. Today, Shinto as a religion is prac- music with instruments. The singing is per- tically extinct. As a State ritual, a divine patri- formed by two readers of the Divine Songs, while otism, it is very much alive. As worship, it the dance is by six dancers wearing the black consists of forms of respect and deification of cloth, with fans representing the colored sun.

humanity, particularly the Mikado, heroes and All these are men. Eight performers, of which ancestors. three are women, play the harp, the lute and the Out of desire that Shinto assume more religious violin; five men play the flute, the drum, the aspects to meet their spiritual need, Tenrikyo was bell, the gong, the kako and a pair of wooden born – "Ten," numeral; "ri," reasons; "kyo," blocks. The object of the singing and dancing is religion. It is sometimes called the Christian Sci- to show unutterable gratitude to God.

ence of the Japanese. In the year 1838 at the age Sikhism from India of forty, Miki Nakayama, claimed to have had a revelation at Jiva, Nara Perfecture, and wrote the The first people to come to America from India principal document called the Holy Psalms or were soldiers and policemen from Hong Kong and "Ofedesaki." Tenri-no-Mikoto, a supreme deity Shanghai. They came to Canada from the Pan- is singled out of ten other deities, who preside jab. The number has now dwindled for immigra- over the different functions of the human body. tion has been cut off, and emigration has taken It is henotheism, the belief in one God, but not to place. Those remaining are identified with the the exclusion of other gods. cultivation of raisins around Fresno, rice at Sac- The foundress warns that all disease results ramento, and cotton in the Imperial Valley.

from wicked hearts. Egotistic desires are the Most of these people are Sikhs. About the time source of all misfortune and malady. She calls of the Reformation in Europe, Sikhism rose in the them the "Eight Dusts"-coveting, grudging, pas- Panjab under the leadership of Baba Nanak as a sion, hatred, emnity, fury, greed and haughtiness. protest against caste, sectarianism and symbol These check spiritual progress. Unless one cast worship. They preached the unity of God and the them off, he cannot return to his true self, have brotherhood of man, combined Hinduism and Mo- his illness cured, his unhappiness converted into hammedanism and called themselves "Sikhs" or joy or his soul saved. One may have accumulated disciples. Guru Gobind Singh, in the f7th cen- "dusts" in a previous existence. . tury, sought to make them free from outside at- But getting rid of dusts is not sufficient. There tack by organizing them into a strong military must be "Hinokishin"-service to God and man. party called Khalsa. He instituted the baptism "Tenrikyo," says a Japanese, "is an instrument of of the sword as a means to membership.

the State, most faithful to the Sovereign and a At Stockton, California, the Sikhs have built a slave to public welfare." two-storied temple with a hall for meetings and Though persecuted, this sect has grown rapidly residence for the priest on the ground floor. Up- in recent years, and has now about 5,000,000 fol- stairs is the prayer hall at one end of which is an lowers in 10,000 "churches" of Japan. In 1928 altar on which is kept the Granth or sacred book the Overseas Department officially sent its first containing the precepts of Sikhism. Rich carpets missionaries across the Pacific. Today there are cover the floor, and above is an ornate canopy thirty centers of Tenrikyo in North America- with pictures and texts on the walls. Their scrip- Vancouver, B. C., Seattle, Tacoma, Portland, Salt tures are read and expounded twice daily by the Lake City and larger cities of California. It was priests.

represented at the 1933 World's Fair at Chicago. Similar temples are found in Vancouver and

HOW SOME ORIENTALS WORSHIP IN AMERICA

Victoria, and in each lumber mill, owned by the April 28th, of the Nichiren temple-gift of the Sikhs, there is a temple. Wherever you find Southern Manchurian Railway to the Chicago twenty Sikhs, there you find a temple if only an World's Fair and now removed to Sebastpol, So- old shack. They rarely change their headdress, noma County, California.

shave their faces or cut their long hair, for this is Nichirenism from Japan part of their religion.

In the large centers, full time priests officiate. We drove up to the Nichiren temple, located in They are elected annually and receive salaries, a community of homes, both American and Japamust be men of high moral character educated in nese. Again the Buddhists show keen sense of the Gurumuki language. religious strategy in location. A one-story, yel- Japanese Buddhism low stucco, set off by dark green cypress trees oc- cupied a corner lot, with a spacious playground, On April 6th, for the first time in the history and the priest's home. With assistance from head- of the six Japanese Buddhist temples in Los An- quarters in Japan, members and friends had geles, the full Buddhist ritual was conducted in erected this attractive little "church" for $10,000 English by the only American priest in the United four years ago.

States. It was their Lord Buddha's birthday. In A portrait of Tanaka reminded us of the power- the same week Christians celebrated the resurrec- ful society in Japan called Kokuchukai, of which tion of their Lord Jesus. Mr. Chigaku Tanaka is president. Composed of The worship was in charge of Americans: The laymen, its object is to present practical religion central image on the altar was the Buddha, with as revealed by Nichiren seven hundred years ago angels carrying the sacred lotus flower in the fret- and a revival occurring forty years ago. A Japa- work design across the top. The appointment and nese said it is often called the Salvation Army of service of the altar was suggestive of the Roman Buddhism because it "pounds the gong and ap- Church in the burning of incense and the intona- peals to the masses." Drawing back a curtain, tion of the sutras (precepts). Flowers symbolized the figure of Nichiren was revealed, back of which the transitoriness of all things, their perfume, the Buddha was represented on a panel.

vanity of life. The priest wore a black robe in- The whole altar was gorgeous in gold and red. stead of one of orange used in Ceylon and India. A tengai (sunshade for nobility in India), sus- Around his neck was the Buddhist rosary of 108 pended from the front section flanked with dobans beads (same as the Hindu), representing fifty- on the sides produced the desired ornateness. four virtues, and fifty-four vices to be avoided. Many of the people wore over the wrist the half- "Calling aloud the name of Saddharmapundasize rosary representative of the Wheel of Life. rika Sutra, your passions, retribution and suffer- ings, at once turn into the three virtues-Truth, The following Sunday in the largest temple of Wisdom and Emancipation. The aim of the the city, the Honganji,-speeches, pantomimes, INichirens is to pray to the Original Buddha in the playlets and dances were given on the platform, heart; to repeat the name of the Saddharmapun- the shrine being completely veiled from view. darika Sutra in the mouth; to carryon the reli- From one till eight the interest of the people never gious practice in the body; pray for the universal flagged, and the climax seemed to be reached in an submission to Buddha and unitedly endeavor to allegorical story told by the Japanese Buddhist propagate his laws until all shall realize heaven priest, and applauded with vigor. here and now."

But it was the conference for Americans that Seven hundred years ago, Nichiren was was unique. The only American Buddhist priest, strongly imbued with the idea that Nichirenism a man about thirty-five years of age, proved to be would spread from East to West, his followers are an erstwhile Episcopalian rector who informed working earnestly to make it come true.

us the Mahayana Buddhistic Society sponsoring In writing this article the thought has per- the Lord Buddha's celebration, represented the sisted: Suppose I were an Oriental in the Orient solid front of Buddhism; that in presenting writing: "How Some Americans Worship in the Buddhism to America, Buddhists know what the Orient." How patient and understanding we Christians in the Orient have found out-"sects must be on both sides of the Pacific! God's witmust go." ness is in many places among many peoples. These Pamphlets on "Who is Buddha?" were distrib- old religions could not have survived without some uted by the hundreds while the only American truth in them. So, as we come in contact here priest stood at the door giving out his card with and abroad, may it be our strong hope that this name prefixed by "Rev." and suffixed by "D.D.," divine truth wherever found, may be captured by to the people as they passed out. It was an- the power of Him who said, "I have come that nounced that he would officiate at the dedication, they might have life."

"In Christ There Is no East or West"

By ALLAN A. HUNTER, Hollywood, California Minister of Mt. Hollywood Community Church (Congre- }llt-.- gational); Author of "Out 0/ the Far East," and "Social Perplexities"

AFEW summers ago a Japanese visitor to the The problem is not so much what we do as it is Pacific coast, prominent in the student what we don't do. Like the priest and the Levite Christian work in Japan, 'phoned an preoccupied with other things, we often fail to American pastor in California that he would mail notice the inarticulate suffering of the man at the his letter of introduction from a mutual friend in side of the road. The suffering of the Oriental on Tokyo, but that he would take the train that after- the Pacific coast may not catch our attention, but noon for San Francisco. Sensing something it is deep, and organized Christianity must bind wrong the pastor hurried down to the hotel and up its ·wounds.

persuaded Yoshio Endo to re- The most conspicuous wound turn for lunch. He confessed is cut by economic discrimina- that he had not wanted to see Much is said today about tion. "If a job is available, it any more Christians of the a Hsquare deal." How would always goes to an American.

California variety. He had you wish to be treated if you I may be a citizen of the United come across the Pacific on a should go to teach or to do States, but the employer classi- business or to travel for pilgrimage of friendship. Un- pleasure in China or Japan? fies me as a foreigner. In the derstanding that Christians There are as many types of job market we second-generawere dedicated to the building Orientals as there are of tion Japanese don't have a of world fellowship, he had chance." That sums up the gone to a swimming pool con- white Americans. How can mood of most of the seventyducted by a Christian institu- we win them as friends rather three thousand or more Ameritiononly to be told that Ori- than alienate them as ene- cans of Japanese ancestry on mies? Read what a pastor in entals were not admitted. California has to say on this the West Coast. If there is one Yoshio went to a superior subject. It is interesting and Japanese employed as a official who was "sorry, but challengin~. teacher in grade or high nothing could be done about it." schools of California this People would withdraw their writer has not been able to lo- support if Japanese were allowed in the plunge. cate that person. Chinese-you could count them A few hours later my young Japanese friend on one or two hands-are employed in schools was crawling circles around his host in a non- having a preponderance of Oriental pupils but no Christian one-the neighboring city park swim- Asiatic teaches in any ordinary white school.

ming pool. He stayed over Sunday and spoke at There are a few Japanese and Chinese on the the church services. Some of the young people university faculties and one of these has distin- had a good time showing him around and thus, by guished himself in biological research. Again, a good luck, that "pilgrim of friendship" went back county hospital is proud of a Japanese diagnosti- to his country with a good taste in his mouth. cian on its staff, and a young optometrist of But suppose that first raw impression had gone Berkeley claims that race prejudice is no barrier unchallenged. It would have been broadcast to his practice. A Hindu lawyer has made a name on the campus in Japan. A whisper in Los for himself espousing the cause of oppressed Angeles might have been magnified into a hos- workers. Despite such brilliant exceptions, this tile shout across the Pacific, undoing years of generalization – pretty well holds: west of the missionary work. Our home base, let us never Rockies your typical Oriental is up against a forget, is a sounding-board. A negligent act un- color bar that means for him less bread, cheaper der Christian auspices here can sometimes speak clothing and poorer shelter-and a sense of in- so loud on the missionary field that the people over justice that is a bar to his Christian faith.

there can scarcely hear what our missionaries What can be done? A layman interested in a say. young Chinese paved the way so that his friend [274 ] 1934] "IN CHRIST THERE IS NO EAST OR WEST" 275 was employed and accepted socially among the em- is little that church members now can do to change ployees without embarrassment. A director of the anti-alien land laws, but we can at least be religious education in Southern California early aware of the unusual difficulties under which firstthis year advised vegetable field workers on strike, generation Japanese labor.

some of them Filipinos, not to use violence; late The social discrimination against Orientals is that night he faced twenty-seven revolvers aimed not the open sore it used to be, but there is still at him by a lawless mob. In definite ways, that much to be done before the Japanese, Korean, mean economic security and self-respect, we of Chinese, Hindu and Filipino will feel no self- the Christian Church can pull wires and make a consciousness among us. Consider these young stand in behalf of underpaid and disheartened fellows from the Islands who try their hand cut- Orientals in our midst. That command of J ere- ting lettuce and end up in our city hotels as "bus miah calls for all sorts of social engineering: boys" or elevator operators. These erect, well- "Never wrong or ill-treat a resident alien." We dressed boys crave wholesome social life. But can work for organized political pressure which they are practically a womanless group. Very will guarantee the Oriental laborer's rights under few churches offer them spontaneous, unpatronizthe NRA. We can do our part in protecting Ori- ing fellowship. It is not enough to herd them into entals or Americans of Oriental parentage from a church social and make an obvious fuss over unfair economic competition. When there was a these fellow Christians. They resent the thought of hue and cry to punish "Japan" for invading Man- American condescension, and some of them know churia, unrelated Japanese fruit stands on the perfectly well that others are nervous lest their West Coast often paid a heavy penalty. White daughters fall in love with some romantic Filipatriots imagined they were striking blows for pino, in case hospitality is offered. Surely these justice and world peace by refusing to patronize lonesome boys cap be treated as friends without vendors with Asiatic features. To counteract this fearing they will become sons-in-law. The usual indiscriminate boycott the members of one church terror about intermarriage should be answered by were asked by their minister to remember that educating the church young people to choose life sniping at a few Japanese in the community would mates on the basis not of mutual magnetism alone not be upholding the Kellogg Pact or the League but on the lines of cultural congeniality and com- mon background and purpose. The gambling and of Nations. If the militarists in Japan are to be vice dens sometimes are more actively on the job penalized let there be an intelligent, organized of offering fellowship to those socially starved movement, not a blind unfocussed reprisal. Will youths than are we with our Christian homes. the ruination of a few local vegetable and fruit Instead of protecting our family life, maybe the vendors (some of whom are really American citi- conventional barbed wire only shuts God out! zens) spike a single Japanese cannon?

Newspaper Propaganda The Japanese and Chinese youth do not suffer from an acute lack of girls of their own race, as At Easter season this year there began to be do the Filipinos. But they need more normal socirculated in a Southern California city a pink cial contacts with young people of other races newspaper urging a "holy," economic war against through the church than we are giving them. Orientals: "Keep Glendale White!" In huge type Organized Christianity should lead the way in the public is being warned that every time it pur- breaking down racial barriers. Actually, the chases from a Japanese fruit stand or flower shop, schools seem to be doing more than the churches it is contributing toward a bigger navy for the to bring young Orientals into happy relationship Mikado. This propaganda may further the in- with young white people. There are Japanese terests of a few Nordies competing with the Asiatics, but will it help to advance the cause of who are presidents of high school student bodies, Christ either on this or the other side of the but in the same cities you do not find these young Pacific? Will not the silence of unprotesting leaders of Oriental descent heading the League of Youth or the Epworth League in a white ministers of Glendale counteract many of their church.

missionary sermons and make it harder for young One wonders if the time is not here or rapidly Americans of Oriental ancestry to believe in the coming, when for the sake of the spiritual life Kingdom of God? of the white as well as the Japanese people, racial Another economic obstacle we impose upon the lines should be obliterated. There is a growing Japanese in some of our western states is legisla- group of Americans brought up in home mission tion which makes it difficult for first-generation churches whose cheekbones and pigmentation Japanese to own land or have access to land. alone are Japanese. They are not attracted to Those born here, being American citizens, are the ordinary services in the Japanese church. immune to this discrimination, and perhaps there They may be a little too old for the young people's 276 THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD [June meetings, or feel out of place in the regular morn- who wrote just before his death last November, ing services. "I die to atone for Japanese militarism's sin against China. I die to become a seed of peace." Here is a challenge for white churches within The Lord's prayer sometimes becomes more real range of second-generation Japanese to seek out when it is repeated together in three languages.

these unchurched Christians and make them feel Such encounters of spirit with spirit wait upon the initiative of American Christians. It is surat home in the young married people's clubs. prising how few Japanese Or Chinese women of Small groups can be developed within the church, the older school have any close acquaintance with where these Japanese-Americans will be able to American home life. One American woman who started in her church a small class in English for talk and pray over their problems frankly with Japanese women, found the contact fascinating. Americans all too easily forget who it is that white contemporaries. Shared, first-hand experi- must take the first step toward understanding and hospitality. ence in front of a grate fire among friends is what Most of us can do far more than we dream of they most deeply need. doing through such person-to-person contacts. "Who knows but that your neighbor is your bet- – A Hollywood teacher and his wife have built up ter self wearing another body? See that you would love him as you would love yourself. He, a most interesting and significant comradeship too, is a manifestation of the Most High."

between young Americans of various races. Two But there is also an inescapable political obli- gation. It is all very well for us to brag how members belong to a Chinese family famous for Admiral Perry more than eighty years ago opened the gates of an ingrowing kingdom to the outside its motion picture connections. These go on world. Ten years ago we slammed our own door in the face of that proud people. They may be beach parties and join in the Saturday night dis- more polite than we are but our Exclusion Act rankles deeply within the Japanese heart. We cussions with the Japanese members,-as if there who sing "In Christ There Is no East or West" can never rest until our country does the courtewere no Manchukuo. . ous thing by the Japanese. To be permitted en- trance on the quota basis would mean less than After Kagawa's visit to America nearly three two hundred incoming Japanese a year, but this would satisfy Japanese honor. Would it not enyears ago, the members of the local Kingdom of hance our own? The interests of American work- ing men would not be seriously jeopardized by God Movement (Japanese) were invited to have such a small number of competitors.

their usual six o'clock morning prayer service in If we white Christians on the coast follow Jesus Christ and treat the Orientals in good faith a white church. Americans and Japanese came as members of God's family, we need not fear the from long distances to worship and during the consequences.

breakfast which followed, the enthusiasm was so great that a plan was formed to repeat the experi- ence three or four times a year. The Chinese are now included, both generations, and the latest meeting was held in the Chinese Presbyterian church, attended by Japanese, Chinese and Amer- icans of many denominations. A young Chinese, about to return to his work as dean of a univer- sity in South China, made a plea for uncompro- mising Christian war-resistance. Japanese and Americans made the same commitment, and mes- sages pledging continued effort in this direction were forwarded to Christians in China and Japan.

An American "student-mover" led the group in a period of silent prayer in memory of Takahashi, the young secretary of Kagawa's peace movement, THE MESSAGE OF PENTECOST The Holy Spirit is God at work in the world. One cannot read the verses dealing with the beginnings of the early Church without feeling that he has entered a factory, a work- shop, where power is expressing itself. Things are being done. Something is being accom- plished. Debate has given place to deeds and everywhere there is movement. It is this quality of power that is missing in the Church today.

The supreme questions are: Where does spiritual power reside? How may it be released?

Spiritual power resides in the living Christ. This is the answer of historic Christianity. Pentecost brought to the early Church the unalterable conviction that Jesus Christ was not only alive but actively present in the world.-Rev. Hugh T. Kerr, D.D.

Interracial Understanding

By the REV. CHARLES R. SHEPHERD, Th.D., Berkeley, California Author of "Lim ¥ik Choy," etc.; Director of Chinese Missions, American Baptist Home Mission Society "TO THE Western mind the Oriental seems the Westerner. The first foreigner in China was to wear a mask. There is something in- to the Chinese every bit as much a monstrosity scrutable about him-his face, which seems as was the first Chinese who appeared in Cali- so unresponsive, his eyes which tell no certain fornia. According to ancient Chinese conception, meaning . . . a kind of uncanny, depersonalized, the universe was peopled with two kinds of be- robot-like regimentation which is not quite hu- ings, "yan"-human beings, and "kwei"-spirits, man, and might prove sinister in a crisis." * mostly bad, therefore devils. Before the foreigner Whether we like it or not, this statement by made his appearance in China there was but one Pres. A. W. Palmer is undoubtedly true, and in it kind of human being, or "yan." This being had lies the secret of most of the difficulty which the black hair, dark brown eyes, spatulate nose, Westerner has in understanding the Oriental. dressed like a civilized being, and spoke a lan- But hold on a minute, lest at the very outset we guage which was understood by those who dwelt be misunderstood. The statement is true. But about him. Then came other kinds of beings.

what is the statement? That the Oriental wears These had light colored hair-in some cases red a mask? That he is inscrutable, unresponsive, un- -blue or grey eyes, protuding noses; they dressed canny, and possibly sinister? Not that. Read it in weird-looking apparel and jabbered in a high- again. It is that to the Western mind all this pitched jargon that no civilized being could pos- seems to be true of the Oriental. sibly understand. These beings certainly could Dr. Palmer continues by asking, "What's be- not be "yan"; for whoever had seen or heard tell hind the Oriental mask?" It would have been of such human beings. No, they could not pos- better had he said "What's behind this apparent sibly be "yan." There was only one alternative.

mask?" For in the 200 pages which follow, he They must be "kwei" or devils; and since they painstakingly and sincerely engages in an avowed came from foreign lands where none but barba- effort to "see beyond race differences to those uni- rians dwelt they must be "faan kwei" or "bar- versal traits and problems, those common emo- barian devils." Nothing unkind was meant by tions, needs and aspirations, the recognition of this term, merely a logical explanation of an which alone can make us understand each other otherwise inexplicable phenomenon. Bobby Burns, across the barriers of race." As he does so he when he wrote his immortal "Ode to a Louse on constantly reveals to his readers the fact that, a Lady's Bonnet," of course was not thinking in after all, the so-called mask is more a product terms of East and West; but just the same he of preconceived notions and biased opinions on unwittingly expressed a veritable "open sesame"

the part of the Westerner than the outcome of any to mutual inter-racial understanding when with essentially undesirable characteristics of the Ori- an irreverent chuckle he scribbled those lines: ental himself. Oh wad some power the giftie gie us, In other words, whatever may be the cause, To see oursel's as others see us! It wad frae monie a blunder free us, there is a dimness in the eye of the Westerner that has the effect of making the Oriental seem And foolish notion.

to wear a mask. Once that dimness is dispelled Whoever today aspires to understand and apthe Westerner discovers how exceedingly admir- preciate men and women of an alien race, be he able, genuinely likeable, overwhelmingly human Oriental or Western, must approach his task in and "after-all-very-much-like-us" the average Ori- just that attitude of mind-or he must fail. ental is. We laugh at the conclusions of the Chinese in The Oriental himself undergoes the same expe- regard to Westerners but we are just as illogical. rience in his effort to understand and appreciate We say, because the Chinese do many things dif- f erentlYf rom us, they d0 them the wrong way. F or the• aFdrmomiratbhlee sFtuodreywvoorldumtoe, P"rOorfi.enAtalblseritn WA.mePraiclmanerL'sifer.e"cent book, [277]

instance, Westerners returning from the Orient willing to undertake it. The pity of it! To be are apt to state that a Chinese mounts his horse fair in one's condemnations or commendations one from the wrong side. Who said it was the wrong must have first-hand knowledge; yet how many of side? He mounts from the right side. We West- us who rave about the grave errors of Buddhism, erners mount from the left. We think the Chinese Confucianism and Hinduism could write an intelliqueer and uncivilized because they eat with chop- gent statement of the fundamental tenets of any sticks. The early Chinese thought us barbarian of these systems of belief? A thing is not neces- because, instead of having our food cut up in sarily good because it is American, nor bad be- little pieces before beihg brought to the table, and cause it is Chinese; nor is an idea necessarily true then being conveyed to the mouth by "quick because we may have heard it in Sunday school, fingers" which is the Chinese word for chopsticks, or false because it originated with a priest of we have our meat served in huge chunks, slash at Krishna. "Prove all things," said the apostle it with knives and stick prongs into it. (Inci- Paul, "hold fast that which is good." There are dentally, the term "chopsticks" is not Chinese, but many things about the ways and thoughts of an Western, indicating the sticks used in eating chop Oriental which to the Westerner seem queer, ob- suey; and chop suey is not originally a Chinese jectionable, or even wrong, which come to take dish, but a weird mixture invented by Chinese in on quite a different complexion when viewed in America for consumption by Westerners.) An their proper historic and philosophic perspective.

erring Negro – or was it a white man? – was Truly, if we men of different races would under- once asked what the county jail was like. He stand and appreciate each other we must at least replied, "It all depends on whether you are on make a sympathetic effort to study each other's the outside looking in, or on the inside looking cultural and spiritual backgrounds.

out." If we would understand the Oriental we Brotherly Love must abandon from the outset the rather egotisti- cal assumption that we, in the way of doing And how can this be done so long as we stay things, in mental attitudes, and in philosophical at arm's length from each other? To understand and ethical conceptions, are unequivocally right, a race of people we must live among them; for and the Oriental undeniably wrong. only by so doing can we view daily their many- First-hand Knowledge sided actions and reactions, sense and appreciate To understand a race of people one must know their philosophical and spiritual conceptions of something of their language, their literature, life, feel the pulse of their emotions and listen to their cultural and ethical systems and the his- the heart-beats of their hopes and aspirations. torical and philosophical backgrounds of their habits and customs. We tell the Oriental who What a host of books have been written con- ,comes to our shores that he must learn to read cerning other races by men who have obtained most of their information (or misinformation) rand speak our, language, to study our literature from other books, have added to it from interand adopt our customs if he ever expects to ap- views with those who have first-hand knowledge preciate our civilization; yet how many of us are on the subject, and then have attempted to spice willing to take the same steps in order to under- it all by taking a flying trip through the domain . stand the Oriental in our midst. Among the .mis- of those about whom they write, accompanied by sionaries in foreign lands there are many noble numerous banquets and much handshaking! But, and painstaking souls who give themselves un- alas, true inter-racial understanding and apprestintedly in their efforts to understand the peo- ciation does not come that way.

ple whom they are striving to help. They study We men of different races, if we are to under- diligently the language, literature and customs, stand one another, must approach each other with endeavoring always to find whatever is good in the open minds, without prejudice or hide-bound pre- native civilization, culture, philosophy and reli- conceptions. We must be willing to live together, gion, to the end that they may build upon that to study each other and the background of each foundation the more excellent structure of Chris- other's civilization, to give and take, to seek out tian civilization. But, alas, there are still too grounds for mutual agreement rather than dis- many who are either intellectually and tempera- agreement. _And above all, we must go about the mentally unsuited to such a task, or else are un- task in the spirit of brotherly affection.

Loved with a love so wonderful, redeemed at a cost so infinite, there is but one proof of our love that will suffice. Hereby perceive we the love of God, that "He laid down his life for us," that we accept and rest in; but the claim which grows out of that love, alas, we are slow to admit. "We ought to lay down our lives for the brethren." Of that we stop short. We accept the love of God, we accept the gift of salvation, but of the third great purpose of religion-a power in us for the conversion of the world-we are content to remain in untroubled ignorance. This is the great hindrance to Christianity-un-Christ-like Christians.-Mark Guy Pearse.

A New Deal for the

I-e( By PARDEE LOWE, Berkeley, California Iii- I.!======!.!

T HE proximity of the Orient, the paradox ex- tals of the Golden Gate upon a continent which isting in the traditional policy of friendli- only yesterday seemed to represent the American ness towards the Far East and its thoroughly "Promised Land" of economic exploitation, but hostile attitude toward the Orientals in the United which now appears to bode ill for humanity as the States, the absolute failure of the majority of Armageddon of the future. So anxious and wor- Americans (including the Government) to under- ried are the Americans about the situatioI1 in the stand the aspirations of those born of Asiatic Orient that they have totally ignored "the forblood but reared and educated as Americans-all gotten men and women" in their midst-a highly these factors tend to make mandatory the need selected group composed of the Orientals born in for what may in the popular term of the day be this country and whose connection with the land called "A New Deal" for the American-born Ori- of their birth may be traced as far back as the entals, particularly the Chinese. days of '49, and the winning of the West. What a paradox! For in this contradiction lies the seed The Chinese have been in the United States of much of the future trouble in the Pacific or the longer than other Orientals, have experienced the means of its eradication. worst phases of racial persecution, have suffered the longest period of segregation and exclusion The first fact which presents itself is that from normal social intercourse with their fellow America's present policy towards the Orient does citizens of non-Asiatic descent, and have passed not accord with her attitude towards Orientals through more complete stages of social transition, residing here. There exists an unbridgeable until today as a separate racial group, they are chasm between what America preaches and prays headed toward gradual but inevitable extinction. for in the Far East and what she practices to- wards her own Chinese citizens. Taken as a unit, Many have written at length about the prox- these two policies are highly contradictory, if not imity of the Orient and its relation to the United absurd. This reason alone would justify the de- States for weal or for woe. We must not lose mand for a "new deal." Permit me to outline the sight of the truth of their observations in this absurdities: terribly complicated and interrelated world. America is indissolubly bound to Asia by links 1. America encourages democracy and selfstronger than iron, and each passing day's events determination in China by means of the Open tends to bring the two continents closer together. Door Policy, the Nine-Power Washington Treaty, The waves of the Pacific that wash both conti- the Stimson-Hoover Doctrine of non-Recognition, nents carry upon their crest to China the modern not to mention loans of commodities and plenty of developments of American communication, her moral encouragement; yet, on the other hand, she newest inventions, her desire to dispose of her denies the right of naturalization to those Chinese excess goods and raw products-the result of a immigrants who have exhibited the highest quali- highly-geared, mass production industrial ma- fications for citizenship-namely, the courage to chinery and a lopsided agricultural economy-and, emigrate to a strange land, the ability to perform the poignant hope that her political doctrines will the most arduous tasks as roadbuilding and clear- be accepted and adopted by the Chinese nation as ing the wilderness, the manliness to withstand all a bulwark against the advance of the Bolshevism manner of physical persecution and mental intim- of Russia, and as a weapon to check the mili- idation of an alien race, and the intelligence and taristic aggressions of Japan. independence of spirit and self-determination to In return, the same waves bring to the United forsake old ties for a new and, for them, a de- States the backwash of all the aspirations of the sirable allegiance. To make matters worse, not multi-colored races of the East and the national- only are the privileges of naturalization denied istic animosities of countries newly infected with alien-born Chinese but even the natural rights of the Western virus of "Power and Powder." No the American-born have been constantly jeopard- American King Canute can stay the advance of ized by certain fraternal organizations and civic these waves. The masses of Americans, led by groups who have gone on record as opposing the an alert intelligentsia, look out through the por- granting to them the rights of citizenship.

[279 ]

2. An Open Door is insisted upon by the Ameri- them, because of their racial heritage, the provican Government in China, even though such in- sions of that sacred document do not apply. They sistence entails constant danger of serious friction are men and women without a country. They with Japan; yet, in practice, she denies to Ameri- can return to China but their upbringing and educan-born Chinese the right to enter the "Open- cation have so thoroughly de-Chinafied them that Door" into the realms of livelihood where they they are treated as Americans-and not as Chimay compete with their fellow-citizens of non- nese. If they remain in the United States, they Chinese descent without racial discrimination. must forego the rights of every citizen to a nor- This situation is deplorable. American employers mal family life, for there are not enough eligible refuse to hire American-born Chinese even though American-born Chinese women to provide them they may be grandchildren of Chinese immigrants with wives. In many of the Pacific coast states who aided in the development of the West. Labor they are prohibited from marrying outside of unions reject their membership. Business and their own race, even though they may be highly professional men bitterly oppose their entry into qualified to do so. Neither are they permitted by certain lines of economic activity. Excluded the Immigration Act of 1924 to return to China, from the American "Open Door" of economic op- marry one of their own race and bring her to portunity, some of the American-born Chinese re- America. Is it any wonder that the Americanvert to enterprises developed by their elders, such born Chinese are beginning to question with bitas laundries and chop suey restaurants, and im- terness the principles of American democracy mediately bring upon themselves the charges of with which they have been so thoroughly indoctri- "clannishness," "unassimilability," and "un- nated? American legislation and race prejudice Americanism." The remainder of the group face virtually deprive them of an economic livelihood, the alternative of either returning to China or of a normal home life, and complete citizenship. remaining in America as objects of charity or as workers on such public work projects as have Some Evil Fruit been sponsored by the CWA. This is the economic dilemma of the native-born Chinese: rejected by Slowly but surely the present short-sighted dis- America and useless to China, they represent men criminatory policy of the American Government without jobs as well as men without a country. towards the American-born Chinese is bearing evil fruit. Worried members of the group are Racial Discrimination already alienating themselves from the land of their birth and their affection. Like derelict ships, 3. America clings tenaciously to her privileges without any anchor, they are adrift. The shores of extraterritoriality in China because it gives to of America and the shores of China seem equally her citizens the personal advantages pertaining to hopeless to them. What a tragic waste, what a one who presumably shoulders in the Orient the pity! Born in America of Oriental parentage, White Man's Burden, which burden now assumes educated in the American public schools, gifted in the eyes of the Chinese the meretricious pro- with the moral and mental qualities of the West, portions of a common peddler's knapsack; yet, in anxious to improve relations between the land of her own land, she returns the favor and confers their birth and that of their forefathers, no other upon the Chinese the right to live in their own group in the Pacific Basin is better qualified to districts. But what a favor! Behind the velvet serve as the trained interpreters of the Occident glove proffering this gift is the iron hand of com- and the Orient. pulsion. There remains no choice for the Chinese, be he American or China-born, he must live with The nations of the Orient have not been slow in his family in the ghettoes established by the domi- expressing their appreciation of the value of the nant race by agreements between real estate American-educated Oriental. The government of operators or property owners. Few Chinese can China has always recognized the social value of live in any decent, healthy, self-respecting resi- these Western-trained Chinese, for the outstanddential neighborhood in any of the large centers ing leaders of her foreign service today are men, of population on the Pacific coast. like W. W. Yen, Wellington Koo, Alfred S. K. Sze, C. T. Wang, and the late Dr. C. C. Wu, who 4. In the public schools, the American-born received their training and education in the Chinese children are taught the fundamentals of United States. Even Japan, who has been so American citizenship. They learn so well that the quick to imitate America in the things of science lar.'-{ of their forefathers becomes a hazy myth. and industry but so slow in copying the latter's They recite the Declaration of Independence; method of diplomacy, is beginning to shift her they know the essential features of the Constitu- emphasis from the Japanese and European tion of the United States; they grow up to be trained diplomats to those American-trained. A case in point was the selection last year of a 100 % Americans-and then they find that for

A NEW DEAL FOR THE ORIENTALS

former California Japanese schoolboy and Uni- dices, already strong, will be fanned to a red-hot versity of Oregon graduate, Yosuke Matsuoka, to heat, and because modern methods of devastating the position of Japan's chief spokesman at Geneva warfare will unleash such forces of wholesale during the critical days preceding Japan's resig- destruction that it is easily conceivable that the nation from the League of Nations. very race of mankind may be wiped off the face of the earth. The greatest defect in the American Government's policy toward the Far East today is its CHINESE STUDENTS IN CALIF'ORNIA failure to understand the individual value of the American-born Chinese and the social benefit that There is at least one silver lining to this cloudwill accrue to the land of their birth if they are that is, the spiritual strength and moral courage sagaciously employed. A change today is manda- of the second and third generation Chinese in tory. The American policy in the Far East and America who are now entering into young manher treatment and attitude toward those Orientals hood and young womanhood. There are enough domiciled upon her shores must be brought to- of them who have been born and educated as gether in harmony. The right hand of one policy Americans, and who have experienced enough must not work at cross purposes with the left soul-satisfying friendships with members of the hand of the same policy. There can no longer Caucasian race, to counteract the general racial exist any unbridgeable chasm between the two prejudice and discrimination. They are the ones policies if America wishes to insure peace in the who are now striving to enterpret the best quali- Orient. ties of each racial group to the other in the face of insurmountable odds. Upon their eager shoul- How can the United States hope to understand ders falls the job of maintaining friendship in the the people of China who have never come to Pacific. Their task will not be impossible if the this country, if she cannot understand after 80 Christian Americans as a unit are willing to reyears of contact those few selected members of verse the traditional trend of Oriental race prejuthe Chinese race who immigrated to the shores of dice, are tolerant of the many mistakes made by America, who toiled amidst unbelievable hard- these unofficial ambassadors, are helpful in their ships, and who inured themselves to persecution efforts to aid the native-born Chinese to attain and discrimination in order to become thoroughly the full stature of their American citizenship, and Americanized? How can she expect to sympa- stand ever willing to encourage them in their thize with the aspirations of a race of people who hopes of attaining that eternal friendship between represent one quarter of the world's total popu- the East and the West. If the American-born lation and who must of necessity play a major Chinese receive such cooperation from their felrole in the affairs of the world, if she denies con- low citizens of non-Chinese ancestry, then Amersistently those same human aspirations to the ica may rest assured that they will do their part Chinese born and raised here? to further America's desire for a peaceful Pacific even as they sacrificed themselves and their for- The answer is obvious, "America cannot!" tunes in 1917-1918 to help America make the And, if she cannot understand, what lies before world safe for democracy. her in the Orient in the years to come? The misunderstandings in international relations between America and the countries of the Orient are still small in number and not insoluble. If given brilliant and wise statesmanship, they may yet be peacefully resolved. But suppose that America continues her discriminatory policy towards the resident Orientals. Suppose the latter are alienated or expatriated. Suppose (and this is no longer a supposition but an established fact) the economic relations increase between the two countries. Suppose, at the same time, China following American and Japanese example, establishes high protectionism at home and practices ruthless dumping abroad. Suppose all these events come to pass; then, there can be only one solution when controversies reach the breaking point-that is, war. But this war will be different from all others in that it will be on a racial basis. It will be the most cruel and inhuman war ever waged by mankind because racial preju-

Chuck, The Chinese

I By the REV. PHILIP F. PAYNE, D.D., San Francisco, California -~ Department oCf hMuriscshioinnartyheOUpe. rsa.tioAn., Presbyterian W ALKING up Grant Avenue from Market But no one called him Look Lai, because he had Street in San Francisco, one suddenly bought his immigration papers from another Chi- realizes that he has left the United States nese whose name was Gei Chuck. Consequently and has arrived in the heart of old Cathay. The in America he was Gei Chuck. roofs of the buildings curve upward at the eaves and corners, so as to make it impossible for any The depression had descended, and Chuck had stray devil or evil spirit to slide down the roof lost his position as cook in the restaurant. He and enter the house or shop below. The streets wandered from employment office to employment are narrow, although not quite so narrow as those office but there seemed to be a dozen cooks ap- plying for every opening. He had grown hungry in China. The houses and stores are packed and weak from his vain search for work. He tightly together, and many of the inhabitants live could not secure a position under any of the relief agencies or government projects, because the law plainly stated no alien could be employed with funds raised from taxes, sale of state or municipal bonds, or any public funds. His old employer had promised him work for the summer at a Christian Conference and had agreed to advance out of his next summer's wages $5 each month, from January until June. Chuck had carefully counted out his money for January, had paid his room rent and had $2 left.

It was now January twenty-ninth, and Chinese New Year had begun. Chuck had bought a loaf of bread every second day, since the first of Janu- ary. Each day he tried to sleep till noon. Then he arose, ate half a loaf of bread, drank plenty of water with it, and then put away the other half DRAGON IN CHINATOWN, CHASING THE DEMONS loaf for the next day. On rare occasions he was able to get a real Chinese meal at night by washin one or two room tenements, poorly lighted, ing dishes in a chop suey house.

On down Clay Street walked Chuck. He had a with little or no ventilation. Consequently tuber- couple of dimes left in his pocket to last him the culosis is the worst devil in every Chinese com- next two days. All of a sudden he heard Chinese munity. He does not slide down the curved roofs; music and the sound of many running and danche lives eternally in the dark homes and hovels. ing feet. He hurried along with the crowd. The But strange as it may seem, the Chinese dragon weird music was coming from Waverly Place, and and the Christian missions are working together in the center of a large crowd of Chinese stretched to drag him from his lair, and to set the Chinese the big paper dragon. Four Chinese men, clad in America free from his deadly clutches. only in their undershirts and trousers, crouched Down Clay Street, just above Grant Avenue, under the huge form of the dragon, their feet walked an old Chinese cook. He had long since dancing to the music and their heads and hands cut off his queue, that symbol of servitude made making the dragon go through queer contortions. compulsory by the Tartars nearly three hundred Crisp bills, ranging from one to twenty dollars years ago. He wore American-made trousers and dangled on strings from the windows up and shoes, but he still clung to the black alpaca jacket, down the street, for the dragon to swallow as he which, although Chinese, is not repulsive to the went through Chinatown, and thus chase the American people. His name was "Look Lai." devils away for another year.

[282 ] Gei Chuck hastily crowded up near the dragon. which are fighting tongs and are a menace to any He spoke to the man next to him. He knew the community. But forty of the tongs are family man well, for he had seen him many times at tongs, or brotherhoods. True, some Chinese still church on Stockton Street. smoke opium. We white men taught them how, and then through opium wars, compelled them to "What is the dragon going to do with the money buy the deadly drug. True, they do have public he collects this year?" asked Chuck. houses and slave girls. With the Chinese popu- lation in America chiefly pagan, this is not sur- "He is going to give it to the Chinese hospital prising. But as more of these men are becoming to help cure the many children of tuberculosis." Christian, the slave trade must die out. And the "Jesus He help sick children too. I hear that in your church. Chuck he give a little and help sick children. Because soon Chuck catchum Christianity. Jesus He good for China boy."

Chuck took the two dimes from his pocket. He held out one in his knotty old fingers. A hand reached out of the dragon's mouth and swallowed up the dime. Chuck walked away, mumbling to himself, "Jesus He help little children. Chuck he catchum Christianity pretty soon."

America has always looked on the Chinese either as a queer people with yellow skins and slanting eyes who wear strange clothes and do weird things, or as a plague like the locusts which swept into Egypt by the millions to devour the living of everyone.

But no one seems to have ever read in our papers about the Chinese Missionary Society, composed solely of Christian Chinese in America, which has built twenty-eight churches in South China. These churches now have a membership of four thousand four hundred and sixty-nine and raise an annual current expense budget of forty thousand dollars. This same Missionary Society has established seventeen schools where children may learn of Jesus Christ, the Friend of yellow as well as white people. In these South China schools, thirty-seven hundred Chinese boys and girls attend regularly.

Also, few people seem to realize that today China is choosing her leadershhip from the Chinese who are educated in the United States. These young men who are attending American universi- ties, will lead China tomorrow. They will determine the destinies of four hundred and twenty- seven millions of souls in the Far East. In our THE NEW AND BETTER CHINATOWN hands rests one of the greatest opportunities ever offered any people, in shaping the lives of these Chinese in America have many characteristics young people who come to us to learn how to that could well be copied by us, such as honesty, operate a nation and how to make a country suc- trustworthiness, generosity, loyalty – far outcessful and prosperous. It is a magnificent chal- weighing and outnumbering their faults. lenge. It is also an enormous responsibility.

The Chinese are returning to China these days. May we continue, then, to give of our prayers, Fifty years ago there were one hundred and our time, our money, that as China seems to forthirty-five thousand in America. Today there are get our lack of courtesy, our injustices, our unonly seventy-four thousand. Our Alien Land Christian laws, and these people from old Cathay Laws, our Exclusion Acts, our breaking of treat- return to their mother country, they may take ies, our persecutions, give them no great incentive back not alone our greed for gold, but much of to stay. the good we have to offer, the chiefest of which is Christ. True, the Chinese do organize tongs, nine of

Opportunity in

By VIRGINIA KADOIKE, San Francisco, California TODAY there are about seventy thousand in various churches. The first and the most suc- Japanese Americans in the United States cessful one organized under the leadership of Mr. who stand on the border line that separates Claude Estill in 1931 is the Monterey Junior Church. These English services, held entirely in the Orient from the Occident, their faces turned English with an American speaker, are controlled toward the newer culture with its freedom and by the young people. The Junior Church is not only promoting a deeper sense of reverence and individualism. faith in the hearts of the young people but is help- We who have spent our lives in close daily con- ing the parent church financially and spiritually, and has brought the old and the young people tact with the Western culture have not yet fully closer than ever before. It has helped to unite succeeded in promoting better understanding and the parents and their children in working toward amity between the two nationalities. While our one goal-"For Christ and the Church." Oriental characteristics bar us from becoming genuine Americans, yet sincere understanding be- The touch of older culture, with its charactertween the Japanese and the Americans is not an istics totally different from the new, has thus been impossible dream. Friendship-unselfish love- handed down to us by our parents, bringing new is too strong to be swayed by race prej udice. obstacles in the progress of the Japanese Ameri- cans. The meeting of two civilizations, one with The Japanese Town, as it is commonly called, its formal traditions and customs and the other existing in many cities quite independent of the with its independence, cannot exist without prosurrounding communities, is perhaps the root of ducing conflicts and problems. the obstacles which keep the Japanese from fully accepting American ideas and customs. These In adopting ourselves to our environment, we communities which have retained some of the realize better our worth in society. We are feelolder qualities show how difficult it is for the ing with a keener sense our mission as Japanese Japanese to change their national traits. Americans-the message of friendship which our lives must convey. Within the community itself, a definite line has been drawn between Buddhists and Christians. The Monterey Junior Church, in bringing be- Although Buddhism has been greatly modified in fore its second generation the various American its forms and teachings by the influence of Chris- speakers has brought about a closer contact with tianity, the two groups pursue their own courses, the American people and a deeper understandeach undisturbed by the other. ing between them.

English is the language of the rising genera- We find in the Christian religion a reality which passes all boundaries for in Christ there is no tion. Sunday Schools, church services, and the East nor West. Our skin may be yellow, our hair meetings of the various organizations are all held may be black but in Christ our hearts beat as in English. Still, one of the greatest handicaps one; a real unity of spirit and faith binds all in our relation with Americans is our inability to Christians together. Through the church, I beexpress ourselves. Although this obstacle is lieve, lasting friendship will be established. To slowly diminishing year by year, the Japanese us, America stands for standards and ideals, cul- Americans are facing a greater problem in speak- tural and moral values. It is the home of the ing and understanding their own language. To- second generation Japanese. Our greatest task day, there are approximately seventy Japanese is to imbibe the best from each of our two civililanguage schools in California in which attempts zations, from. yesterday and today, and to make a are being made to rectify both these defects. distinct contribution to American national life.

The difficulty in understanding the Japanese sermons led to the organization of young people's English services, which are now being encouraged If you want to follow Jesus Christ, you must be ready to follow Him to to the ends of the earth, for that is where He is going."-Robert E. Speer.

[284 ]

Second Generation

By the REV. FRANK HERRON SMITH, D.D., Berkeley, California Superintendent of the Pacific Japanese Mission, the Methodist Episcopal Church THE Japanese language is read from the right The highest birth-rate was in 1921, so that the to the left, and not from left to right, like largest group is now thirteen years of age. English, so that the back page of a Japanese newspaper corresponds to the front page of an What Are They Doing?

English paper. Now Japanese-Americans have No nationality represented in polyglot America come to occupy such an important place in the is making a greater sacrifice to educate their chil- Japanese community in America that all their dren than the Japanese. In spite of their very newspapers give at least their back page to the limited financial resources, they send their chilyoung people. This is printed in English and dren to school. These children make fine records would be the front page of an English paper. and some are on the honor rolls of almost every This is a good illustration of the extent to which high school on the Coast. Last year 173 were en- Japan and America are complementary. rolled at the University of California at Berkeley At the Easter season the English section of one and many more at the University of Southern of our three San Francisco Japanese newspapers California, the University of California at Los gave a picture of the activities of our average Angeles, the College of the Pacific, the University young Japanese-Americans. The Spartans, the of Washington and other institutions. Their stuchampion basketball team among the Japanese of dent life is usually happy, though there is some Southern California, were defeated 33 to 29, by social discrimination against them. In the larger the San Francisco Y. M. B. A. (Buddhist) Protos, schools they have societies and club-houses of their and are next to tackle the Y. M. C. A. Quintet, own. One of the basketball stars at Berkeley in Northern California champions. The J. A. A. U. recent years is Ted Ohashi who is respected and (a non-Christian Japanese Athletic Union) will liked by all. Nogami, a Sophomore, is on this climax its basketball season with an informal year's baseball squad. In wrestling and boxing, sport dance Saturday night at the Trianon Ball- also in swimming, they are very clever. The two room. R. Grigorio's eight-piece orchestra will largest and heaviest boys among all the high furnish the music. Special Easter programs were school football players in Portland in 1933 are announced for Oakland, San Jose, Fresno, Living- Japanese-Americans.

ston and Loomis. One thousand people attended After they graduate, life often becomes very a Japanese picnic at Marysville. Parlier Bud- difficult and many are thwarted in their ambidhists plan a Buddha Fete. Stockton second-gen- tions. It is especially unfortunate that many are eration American citizens hold an open forum compelled to enter the competition of business which is also attended by Walter Tsukamoto, a during these years of depression. The American lawyer, Dr. George Takahashi of Sacramento banks, companies, department-stores and other and Saburo Kido, a lawyer, T. Murayama, a news- business organizations will employ very few. The paper man, Dr. T. Hayashi, a dentist and S. large Japanese banks and shipping companies Togasaki, an importer, all from San Francisco. with branches in America do their bookkeeping These American-born sons and daughters of and an important share of their business in the Japanese immigrants are actively engaged in Japanese language which few Japanese-Amerimany phases of life. Of the total Japanese-Amer- cans master. They get a smattering of the lanicans some 50,000 are living in California, 9,000 guage of their fathers in the Language Schools in Washington, 2,000 in Oregon, 1,600 each in which are conducted in every large center of Jap- Utah and Colorado and 750 in Arizona. They anese population, but the hours of study, after the slightly outnumber their parents, the real Japa- regular school periods or on Saturday or Sunday, nese who came across the Pacific. While those are too few. Many young men are obliged to set from Japan proper are not allowed naturalization, up in business in a small way for themselves and the children born here are American citizens with will probably be grateful twenty-five years from all the rights, duties and privileges of citizenship. now that they were forced to be independent [285 ]

rather than employees of some firm where they skin. Not only are they patriotic Americans but could not exercise their own initiative. In Los they are politically minded. In 1930 the number Angeles alone, seven young lawyers, born in Ha- of those who could vote was estimated at 4,000.

waii but educated in America, are making a liv- Mr. Takimoto, the Secretary of the Japanese As- ing, and some young doctors, dentists, optome- sociation of America, estimates that fully 20,000 trists, pharmacists and preachers are securing a will have the franchise by the time of the next foothold. As surgeons and dentists these young presidential election and 50,000 by 1951. They people seem to have inherited the skill in the use are well informed and intelligent citizens. The of their hands which is making Japanese surgeons disabilities from which the group is suffering in famous. There are as yet no school teachers in our western states, and from such laws as the un- America though many have entered that profes- fair Oriental Exclusion Act are receiving careful sion in Hawaii. Twenty-three Japanese have po- study. Citizens' Leagues have already been or- sitions as professors in various American univer- ganized in the chief centers and a National Con- sities. With two exceptions these scholars are vention is held each year. The 1934 gathering Japanese-born. Within a few years they will be will convene from August 30 to September 3 in displaced by Japanese-Americans, as they use the magnificent Civic Center of San Francisco.

English so much more perfectly and many more Speakers will include Hiram Johnson, V. S. Mc- universities will be seeking experts in Oriental Clatchy, the leader of the exclusion movement, lore. Chester Rowell, Wm. Gibbs McAdoo and Paul Many young college men, who have prepared Scharrenberg. At Seattle, Clarence Arai, a young for other lines of work, are finding employment in lawyer, has been a local candidate for office so fruit, vegetable and flower markets, especially in that it is easily within the bounds of possibility Southern California. Some now feel that the that we may have a Japanese-American Congress- years they spent at university were wasted. In man from California by 1954. These young citi- such agricultural communities as Loomis, Florin, zens open their meetings by singing "America"

Livingston and Brawley, many young men are and repeat in concert the "Pledge of Allegiance" taking over the rich land developed by their fa- to the flag.

thers. Some, like Tom Matsumoto of Newcastle, Are They Religiously Inclined? are branching out for themselves. Few are de- spondent and almost no Japanese, either of the The partial census made by Dr. E. K. Strong first or second generation, are found on the char- of Stanford University, shows that 77% of the ity rolls of any county or city. It is said that 70% first generation declared themselves Buddhists of the crime of America is committed by the chil- and 18 % Christian. For many of them this dren of immigrants, mostly those from Southern means the kind of funeral they would prefer.

Europe, but few Japanese of either generation are Among the second generation young people only law-breakers. The Japanese population is one 39 % declared themselves Buddhists, while 52ro and five-sevenths per cent of that of the state of professed to be Christians and 9% reported no California but only five-sevenths of a per cent of affiliation. About 5,000 of the 68,000 real Japathat of San Quentin Penitentiary. No Japanese- nese in America belong to some Christian church, American has yet been committed to San Quentin, though there are a few in the Folsom State Prison. while approximately 20,000 are Buddhists and Like their parents, they are industrious, enter- 43,000 are practically without evidence of reliprising and self-respecting and we believe they gious faith. On the other hand, of the 70,000 will make their way in our economic world. Japanese-Americans, approximately 20,000 are affiliated with some Christian organization and Are They Japanese or American? as many more are under Buddhist influence. Many of the young people are compelled by their After eight years of most intimate association parents to attend Buddhist meetings but their with these young people I believe that they are comprehension of Buddhism is chiefly historical.

fully as American as the children of German or There were recently about 100 Buddhist priests Swedish immigrants, and their attitude toward working in America. There are no American Japan is much the same as that of the children of Buddhist leaders of character and ability and the European parents toward Europe. Because they Japanese leaders are, for the most part, priests have the black hair and slightly dark skin of their who have come from Japan and cannot use the ancestors it is difficult for many Americans to English language. One priest at Stockton is a realize this fact and they make no distinction be- Stanford graduate and several have studied at tween them and their parents. They are grow- the University of Southern California or at the ing taller because they follow American customs Pacific School of Religion. Their programs are and those who are indoors are becoming whiter of usually social and athletic with oratorical con-

THE SECOND GENERATION JAPANESE

tests and banquets and an occasional Buddhist Interdenominational Young People's Christian ceremony. This year the Buddhists are planning Conferences are held each autumn at Berkeley, a great excursion to Tokyo and as many as one Los Angeles, Seattle and Denver and are suphundred Japanese-Americans may go. Movies, ported by most of the Protestant groups. The dances, dinners and bazaars are being used to Berkeley Conference, which held its ninth session raise the money for the travel expense. in 1933, is the oldest and the model for the others. Last year it had 546 registered delegates with The Japanese-American Christians are fortu- 700 in attendance Saturday night and Sunday afnate in that they command the services and the ternoon. The young people themselves make all sympathy of the strongest American religious the arrangements and finance the whole underand educational leaders of all denominations on taking with a small registration fee and small the Coast and the programs at their conferences charges for food. Americans assist by furnishpresent the best talent. In the earlier stages the ing free lodging and breakfasts to many of the Japanese Sunday schools were largely conducted out of town delegates. These great fall conferby friendly Americans, but today this work is ences are supplemented by smaller regional concarried on almost entirely by the older Japanese ferences in the spring. young people themselves. In San Francisco the Methodist group is now supplying superintend- These Christian Conferences have done more to unify our Japanese-Americans and to mould their ents for both the Reformed and the Church of spirit than any other agency. The spirit of the Christ Sunday schools. James Hirano is super- group can be evaluated by the central themes of intendent at Oakland, Henry Yamamoto at Ala- some of the recent gatherings. "Jesus' Way All meda, Henry Takahashi at Berkeley, David Taka- the Way," "Send Out Thy Light," "Lord, Teach gishi at Loomis and so on throughout this field. Us to Pray," "Face to Face with the Living Each church has senior and junior Endeavor So- Christ"; and this year, "Go Ye Therefore," are cieties or Epworth Leagues, clubs for various age some of th~ mottoes reflecting the high ideals of groups, boy and girl scouts and other organiza- these leaders. There is no more consecrated, sactions found in an up-to-date American church. rificial, earnest, cultured group of young people In many of the larger churches an English wor- anywhere than these second-generation, J apaship service is held in the period between the nese-American Christians. Sunday school and the Japanese worship hour.

THE FAR-REACHING INFLUENCE OF WORK FOR ORIENTALS Two years ago Pastor Tsuda and I made a list of eighty-four pastors whom we have sent back to the Methodist Church in Japan, all wholly or partially trained in the Pacific Japanese Mission Conference. Recently, in addition to many laymen, we have been sending back an average of two pastors a year. Last year H. Arima, converted and trained in our field, returned home and was immediately appointed to the important church in Sapporo. All the general officers now employed by the Japan Methodist Church are the contribution of the Pacific Mission Conference.

Bishop Motozo Akazawa, the President of the Japanese Church Federation and the Chairman of "The Kingdom of God Movement" of which Kagawa is the chief evangelist, was converted at Honolulu through the efforts and prayers of H. Kihara, one of the early pastors who had himself been converted in San Francisco and became the greatest pioneer of the Japanese Church in Korea and Manchuria. Young Motozo Akazawa was sent to Hawaii to sell sake, but after his conversion he could not continue that business and so came on to California. He became student pastor at San Jose and received his early training in the College of the Pacific.

C. J. Tagashira, the Religious Work Director for Japan, was converted at Sacramento, educated at Berkeley, did his graduate work at Boston University, on a scholarship given him by the Board of Home Missions, and was called to Japan from a Methodist pastorate in Portland.

The Hon. Yosuke Matsuoka, one of Japan's leading statesmen and her representative at Geneva last year, is largely the product of mission work in America. After some time as a school boy in the Oakland Mission he was transferred to Portland where he was the Secretary of the little Japanese church. With the aid of friends he was able to graduate from the University of Oregon. Last year on his way home from Geneva, he was in Portland on Palm Sunday and preached the sermon in the Japanese Methodist Church there. He made the church a present of money to provide suitable rooms for the young people.

-FRANK HERRON SMITH.

Filipinos in

~-4&t By JOSE G. DESEO, Stockton, California j;.- . Pastor-Director of the Filipino House of Friendship ~=====l THE status of Filipinos in America has son why Filipino laborers come to America, is to caused consternation in the minds of many, improve themselves economically and then to re- especially among the Filipinos themselves. turn home to engage in business. This is accom- The general understanding is that Filipinos are plished by signing a contract for a period of two neither aliens nor citizens of the United States, to four years to work in the Hawaiian sugar plan- but are wards enjoying full privileges afforded to tations. Free transportation is offered and upon citizens with the exception of the right to vote arrival in Hawaii they are provided with free and hold public office. In some states, however, quarters. At the expiration of their contracts, the above does not hold true. California, for the laborers have accumulated a little fortune, example, considers the Filipinos as aliens and, but instead of returning to the homeland as origi- therefore, they are placed under the same cate- nally planned they set sail for the American main gory as other Orientals. Such a discrimination, land.

considering seriously the political relation of the The last reason is the exaggerated propaganda Philippines with the United States does not seem carried on by steamship companies throughout consistent with the simple principle of justice. the breadth and length of the Islands, picturing to It doesn't spell good political sense to classify as the young Filipinos that America is the eternal alien one who owes allegiance to the country. land of "milk and honey." It is needless to say California's highest Courts of Justice have even here that those who have come to America with gone to the extent of challenging the authenticity that state of mind find out that life is not as rosy of the Filipino racial origin, declaring that they as it has been described by the high-powered are not Malayans but Mongolians. Poor Filipinos, salesmanship methods of these steamship com- they even have to exchange ancestors in order to panies.

satisfy some American whims and humor. The Filipinos have a strong Roman Catholic There a.re in continental America approxi- background and have been drilled and indoctri- mately sixty-five thousand Filipinos, thirty-five nated into the rigid discipline of that church.

thousand of whom live along the Pacific Coast. Because of this experience at home they are gen- There are six major reasons for the presence of erally eager to accept a more liberal teaching that the large number of Filipinos in America. First, will give them a freerer avenue for self-expres- it is due to the fact that the Asiatic Emigration sion. In America, therefore, these Filipinos are Law does not take within its jurisdiction the Fili- more inclined to align themselves with the Prot- pinos. In spite of this fact other Asiatic groups, estant forces, and seek entrance into Christian such as the Chinese and the Japanese, outnumber churches that afford them more freedom in reli- them three to one. gious thinking and more social opportunities.

The second reason is the Filipino's love of the The desire for a larger human fellowship is so romance of adventure. It is the dream of every overwhelming that the tragedy comes when that high school boy in the Islands to sail the sea after intense desire is repulsed by the nonreciprocal at- graduation for America, the famed land of great titude of these whose friendship and comradeship opportunities for life improvement. the Filipinos covet. The once brilliant flame of The third reason is the educational advantages goodwill, that so characterizes the simple hearts offered by the colleges and universities and the of the Filipinos, thus becomes dull and an attitude fine opportunities for self-supporting students to of superficiality and skepticism toward things re- find remunerative part-time employment while ligious is developed.

attending school. The majority of the Filipino In other cases, there is a complete departure students in America obtained their education via from the church-a most unfortunate situation.

the kitchens of American homes and public res- The Filipinos must learn to overcome their sensi- taurants, factories, or shops, and in some cases tiveness and the Christian Americans must learn by clerking in government of private offices. to appreciate the Filipino's peculiar behavior.

Fourthly, and perhaps the most important rea- On the basis of these apparent differences they [288 ] must discover a common ground for interracial have not only organized a Filipino church but also understanding. This is a real challenge to the a community center that gives adequate ministry Christian Church, and to accomplish its purpose to the social, educational and religious needs of Christians must learn to bleed. Thus and only the Filipinos of that city. The members of its thus can the Church expect to maintain its highest board include some of the influential men and position as a sanctuary and refuge of truth and women of the Church. There is urgent need for justice and love and bring back to the fold of hu- such a general ministry on the Pacific Coast and man and divine fellowship those Filipinos. it will pay the Christian churches to follow suit.

In large cities in America, where a considerable In Stockton, California, the center of the largest number of Filipinos are found, some churches Filipino population, Dr. and Mrs. M. A. Rader have already awakened to the tremendous chal- who, for twenty-five years were missionaries in lenge that the Filipinos present in religious min- the Philippines, and Dr. N. A. Christensen, pastor istry. In spite of depleted budgets, added sacri- of the Central M. E. Church in that city, and othfices are being made to face the challenge and er interested Americans have established the some kinds of fellowships have been organized Filipino House of Friendship, a center which has for the purpose of Sunday worship. An American a strong social, educational and religious program with a real interest in Filipinos is generally to meet the immediate needs of the Filipinos. placed in advisory capacity to help in the admin- Such a friendly overture, on the part of the istration of such fellowships and in some cases a Church will not only regain the Filipinos to their Filipino pastor is obtained to pilot the movement. lost faith but will mean the development of a larger Christian fellowship and a new and deeper Chicago has gone one step further. The Prot- appreciation of interracial friendship. estant churches, through Church Federation, The Needs of the Filipinos By T. W. BUNDY, Seattle, Washington Director, Filipino Christian Fellowship T HE Filipino has come to America largely in Also to evangelize this great throng of Filipinos response to the demand for a cheap labor on who are constantly passing through the city. It the farms and in the salmon canneries of is composed of a fine group of consecrated young Alaska. One to two thousand are here for edu- people, young men and women of high Christian cational advantages and support themselves by ideals, most of whom are high school or college working as house-boys in American homes. students or graduates. Our local Fellowship, feeling its responsibility for the Filipinos every- During the summer Filipinos are found in where, is reaching out to other localities where nearly all the farming and fruit growing sections there are groups of Filipinos and is organizing of the Pacific Coast, while thousands go to the them into like groups. fish canneries. In the fall they return, to live in the so-called "housekeeping rooms" in the poorer, If this, and similar missionary work, follows the slum sections of our cities. In one corner is a gas course taken among the other Oriental groups, it plate on which they cook their food. Their neigh- will result in the establishment of Filipino :bors are the down-and-out whites, drunks, dope churches. Already they are marrying, and there fiends, prostitutes, the dregs of human society. are quite a number of Filipino children. More For entertainment they may go to the pool halls, adequate facilities are needed to reach the many .dance halls where white girls are their partners, who go to no church, Catholic or Protestant. gambling dens, or the cheap movies. Many of The First Methodist Church permits us the use these are run exclusively for their benefit. They of its facilities at certain hours. Some day we do not live in such an environment from choice, hope to have facilities that will allow us to carry but their economic condition compels it. on a seven.day a week program of a religious and social nature. Thus we are trying to lay the foun- The Filipino Christian Fellowship of Seattle dations for a permanent work to help those Filiwas organized in 1927 to minister to the Chris- pinos who will some day return to their homeland tian young people: to help them in their prob- to carry back with them the best that is to be lems; give assistance in securing work and in found in the Christian life of America. making the adjustment to the new life in this land.

Story of Chung Mei

By W. EARLE SMITH, San Francisco, California n .A CROSS the Bay from San Francisco, on a pression, made it impossible to proceed. For six tract of land facing the beautiful Golden years this large family of Chinese boys, and those Gate, stands the Chung Mei Home for caring for them, have cheerfully stayed on in the Chinese Boys of which the Rev. Charles R. Shep- old building in the midst of undesirable surroundherd is superintendent. This is the only institu- ings, and through their woodyard and concerts tion of its kind in America. It is unique in pur- have raised nearly $20,000.

BOYS WORKING AT CHUNG MEl HOME One of the approaches to the new bridge over San Francisco's famous Bay will be built right through the old Chung Mei property, and but little more than a year remains before the Chung Mei boys must find shelter elsewhere.

Since the founding of the Home in 1923 more than two hundred boys have found shelter be- neath its roof. A number have stayed over a pe- riod of years and are now giving splendid account of themselves elsewhere. More than a dozen are continuing their education in high school, and several are in college.

pose, in spirit and in history. Starting ten years ago with seven little boys, it now shelters more than sixty young sons of Cathay, ranging in age from three to seventeen years. Chung Mei Home is not an orphanage, a reform school or detention home. It undertakes to provide a Christian home, care and training for under-privileged Chinese boys-orphans, half-orphans, boys from needy, broken or unfit homes, and the so-called delinquent or problem boy; in fact, any Chinese boy who has not had a good start in life.

The history of this Home, though covering only ten short years, is full of romance. The idea of self-help is always held up before the boys. "We cannot expect others to help us," they are told, "unless we are willing to do our best to help ourselves." They have accepted this challenge and have put their shoulders to the wheel with en- The boys came back to visit and never fail to thusiasm. Before the Home was two years old express gratitude for what the Chung Mei Home its phenomenal success called for extensive en- has done for them. Eddie Tong, after graduation largement. The first $2,000 of the sum needed from high school, remained to render valuable for enlargement was raised by the boys them- help in the Home, continuing his work at the Uniselves. Two years later (in 1928) plans were made to move the work to a better location, and a splendid five-acre tract of land was bought in EI Cerrito, six miles north of the present location. The entire cost was raised by the boys through their musical performances, work in the woodyard and other activities. Plans were then started for a new building; but before the project could be versity of California and has now accepted a place launched the financial flurry, followed by the de- on the staff of one of the Baptist schools in China.

[290 ]

Indians in United

By the REV. THEODORE FIELDBRAVE, M.A., Berkeley, California An East Indian, Formerly with the American Baptist Home Mission Society O F ALL peoples the East Indians have the but their greatest number entered California-in least desire to emigrate beyond the seas. 1913. They are Sikhs and the Mohammedans Their love for home, their social and do- from the Panjab, North India. We all know more mestic customs, and some of their religious be- or less about Islam, its growth and power as a liefs stand in the way of a migratory instinct. world religion. Despite this fact, there are at present over two million Indians scattered over the world outside These Sikhs number about 2,000 on the Pacific of India. All Indian emigration is now either coast, and their religion is called "Sikhism." There very strictly regulated or defi- are over three million followers of this faith in nitely suspended. India. Guru (religious teacher) Nanak, the founder, was born The East Indians in North Mr. and Mrs. Fieldbrave in 1469 A. D., and so was a America may be divided into are the only Christian work~ contemporary of Martin Lufour groups: ers among the four thousand ther. He was a great religious 1. Farmers on the Pacific Coast East Indians in the United reformer who sought to recon- (about 3,000). States. He was born in Luck~ cile and reform both Islam and Hinduism. The general name 2. Students scattered through- now in a Christian home, his "Sikh," means "disciples" of out the country (about the one true God. Their holy 500). grandfather having been a book, "The Garanth Sahib," ("Mr. Book") is the size of our 3. Skilled workers, traders and Methodist minister and his Bible and they believe in it im- merchants of the Middle father a Presbyterian min~ West and East (about plicitly. Unlike the Hindus, 1,000) . ister, and is himself a Baptist. the Sikhs do not believe in thoascobme~~ caste, child marriage, or idol- 4. The Hindu Swamis and He came to America atry, neither do they practice Yogis (about 25 or 30). plete his studies and seclusion for women. come an American citizen. The Hindu (the word Hindu Their tenth Guru (teacher) in America stands for race and For fourteen years he worked not for religion) emigration to this country began sometime in successfully for his fellow countrymen as a missionary, and is now seeking to estab~ lish an Indian Christian ash~ 1905 when there was no immi- ram in America where Hindus Govind Singh, required them gration restriction to America. wi11learn to know and follow all to take a common family They came to both the Atlantic Christ. name, Singh, ("Lion"), typify- and the Pacific seaboards. ing their spiritual kinship and Those who entered from the their g e n u i n e brotherhood.

Atlantic coast were chiefly seafaring Mohamme- Hence, they are called "the Lions of the Panjab."

dans from Bengal. These men preferred factory A unique feature about the Sikhs is that wher- work to farming, and are now distributed over ever they are located in any large numbers they the big industrial centers of New York, Detroit, build a temple for themselves to worship. Their Chicago, Pittsburgh, Milwaukee, St. Louis and mother church, called "The Golden Temple," is 10- New Orleans. In Detroit, the Ford Company and cated at Amritsar, Panjab. Other temples, built the General Motors Corporation have engaged outside of India, are located in Hongkong, where hundreds of them at various types of factory there are over 2,000 Sikhs, and in Vancouver, work. Some Hindus took to trade in perfume and British Columbia, where they number about 1,500 incense, still others were employed in railway counting their women and children. They built shops, lumber yards, grocery stores, tailoring con- a temple at Stockton, California, many years ago, cerns, barber shops and restaurants. but in 1929 this was removed and they erected a The Hindus who entered through the Pacific more beautiful one in its place.

gateway came in large groups at various times, A singular fact is that in America almost the [291 ]

entire Hindu population is male, as the United Others were employed at "squat labor," where hundreds of Hindus work on the farms, orchards, States Government has never allowed, except in cotton fields. and vineyards throughout California.

very few cases, the families of the laboring men The agitation and anti-Asiatic feeling, and the discriminatory land laws enacted against the Orito enter. The Canadian Government has recently entals on the Pacific coast, were not primarily di- rected against the Hindus, largely because they permitted wives and children to join them if they form such a small group.

so desire. . The anti-alien land laws of 1910, 1913, 1917, 1923, and the famous Immigration Exclusion Act American missionaries, whose work is very of 1924, made all Orientals ineligible to American citizenship and the "Barred Zone Immigration strong in the Panjab, have been partly responsi- Act," of 1917 stopped Hindu labor immigration from India. Since that time on, the Indian farmble for the presence of Hindus on the Pacific ers and laborers have been reduced to common every-day laborers. Their present economic concoast. They were told that America was a Chris- dition is pitiable, and presents a challenge to Christian America, to be at least friendly and tian country, a rich and large country, and a free helpful to the sons of India who are like sheep without a shepherd. While America has the right country that offers opportunity to all. California not to grant citizenship to the Hindus as a race, it seems un-American and un-Christian to cancel MRS. FIELDBRAVE WITH TWO HINDU STUDENTS AND THE citizenship legally and in all good faith, granted PRIME MINISTER OF CASHMERE (ON A VISIT TO AMERICA) prior to the Exclusion Act.

was represented the best part of America, because The Exclusion Act of 1924 has also changed the it is like the Panjab in climate, products and in status of the students. It is estimated that during general aspect. Although the majority of Indians 1920 and 1923 nearly 500 students entered this on the coast have come directly from India, some country from India, and with the exception of a have come from Shanghai, Hongkong and Manila few who returned home these are still in the counwhere they had been working as watchmen, police- try, working or attending some school. Now stumen, or in military service. dents are admitted as "non-quota immigrants," must be over fifteen years of age, must attend a At first these men were hired as farm laborers, school, college, seminary or university approved and others were set to work on railroads. As by the Secretary of Labor, and must return home most of them were agriculturists in India, they after finishing his schooling in America. Facing naturally took to farming and some of them be- these regulations, they come in reduced numbers, came prosperous. It is estimated that in 1919 and young, full of life, hope and ambition, to get the 1920 nearly 2,500 acres of good farm lands were best, to make the best and to give the best. They owned in many parts of California by Hindus. stay only for a few years, but they are the future leaders of India.

What kind of impression do they take with them about our country, its religion, its civiliza- tion and its people? Not what they bring counts as much as what they take with them. What a challenge the students from India throw at us Christians! And so do the 3,000 Hindus in Cali- fornia.

They need "sympathy" and "friendliness" of Christian America; but sympathy without action is hypocrisy, and friendliness without service is worse. We shall never be able to claim China, Japan, India and the rest of the Orient for Christ, no matter how much money, nor how many men we send there, unless and until, we can show the "Orient" within our borders how to "live" for Christ.

The fourth group of the Hindus in America is made up of the Swamis and Yogis. There are

EAST INDIANS IN UNITED STATES

two sets of Swamis or Hindu religious teachers in Christian missionaries in the Orient while at the this country. The one group may be called the same time these Orientals who come to California foreign Hindu missionaries to America. These suffer from "race prejudice," our pet national Hindu preachers and teachers come, as our mis- sin. The imperative task of every true follower sionaries go to India, to preach and propagate of Christ is to evangelize the world. This includes Hindu thought and religion. They are supported by the "Ramakrishna Mission," which was estab- AT THE OLD SIKH TEMPLE, STOCKTON, CALIFORNIA lished by Swami Vivekananda after he had attended the Parliament of Religions in Chicago in the people of every color, clime and country. 1893. He was the first from India to offer "Ve- America, while busily engaged in the glorious dantism," a system of Hindu philosophy (Ve- task of saving the Orient for Christ, may lose her danta means the end of knowledge) in a most pal- own soul if the Christianity within her own boratable form for American consumption. America ders is not revitalized. has, indeed, proven a congenial soil for the nurture of this idealized Hinduism. Numerous ashrams have been built where educated American men and women go to hear these Swamis preach or teach. They also give lavishly to support their Hindu ministers.

The other group of Swamis may be termed "homemade," for they are the product of America and most of them have taken up this profession for what they can get out of it. They have discovered that Americans, especially women, are curious creatures and will "fall for" anything or anybody who looks odd or mysterious. Thus, Hinduism in America, with all its ramifications, is the response to the stimulus which is American.

A unique piece of Christian work has been carried on for fourteen years among the Hindus on the Pacific coast. The American Baptist Home Mission Society in 1919 appointed a Christian Hindu as the first missionary to the Hindus in America, and this unique work has been carried on by him and his cultured and consecrated Indian wife until May 1st, last year, when the Society was obliged to discontinue it for lack of funds. No Christian work in America is, perhaps, so difficult, and yet more unique and far reaching than this. Success is not measured by the number of converts counted or church edifices built. Millions of dollars are spent to support THE GOSPEL – MY ADVOCATE I -sinned. Then straightway, post haste, Satan flew Then quickly One rose up from God's right hand, Before the presence {)f the most high God Before Whose glory angels veil their eyes. And made a railing accusation there. He said: "This soul, this thing of clay and sod, He spoke: "Each jot and tittle of the law Has sinned. 'Tis true that he has named Thy name; Must be fulfilled; the guilty sinner dies! But I demand his death, for Thou hast said: But wait; his heinous guilt was all transferred The soul that sinneth, it shall die. Shall not T,o Me, and I have paid his penalty! Thy sentence be fulfilled? Is justice dead? Behold My side, My hands, My feet! One day Send now this wretched sinner to his doom; I was made sin for him, and died that he What other thing can righteous ruler do?" Might be presented guiltless at Thy throne!"

And so he did accuse me day and night, Then Satan fled away. Full well he knew And every word he spoke, 0 God, was true! That he could not prevail against such love, Since every word my dear Lord spoke is true!

MARTHA SNELL NICHOLSON, Wilmington, California.

Challenge of

-<tSf By EDWAR LEE, Berkeley, California Immigration Interpreter at Angel Island, California T HE great problem confronting the Chinese whether they will be an asset or a liability to the churches is one of bridging the gap between greater American community. In their minds the old and new generations of Chinese. The are staged great conflicts of cultures. The older solution lies in effecting an adjustment in organi- generation's contribution to America included the zations, and in better religious education. building of railroads, the cultivation of new lands Sixty or seventy years ago many missions were and furnishing men for domestic work. The new founded in order to convert some of the hordes generation is different. They inevitably adopt of Chinese immigrants that were coming to the the external mannerisms, sentiments and char- western coast. The difficulties must have been acteristics of Americans, while inwardly, as one great, especially in view of the fact that shortly student puts its, "The younger generation leads after the founding of these missions there ap- a truly double and romantic life of the East and peared the agitation for Chinese exclusion which the West. They study Chinese and speak Eng- engendered hostility and suspicion. In spite of lish, admire Confucius and adore Jesus, read Chi- the handicaps, the converts became a nucleus of nese literature and enjoy dancing to American a small but active Christian minority in the com- music; and they celebrate two new years." * munity. In those days, for a Chinese to become The Christian churches in Chinatown have a Christian was a daring adventure, but neverthe- fallen into evil days-evil in the sense that there less this minority group, alienated from the dom- is too much unholy and wasteful denominational inant group, busied themselves starting churches, competition and in that they are unalive to the missionary societies, and schools for the study of duty of serving the present age. The first weak- English. San Francisco, as a center of social and ness was due to rivalry on the part of missions religious life for the Chinese on the Pacific coast, trying to outdo each other in physical buildings likewise became the Jerusalem for the Christians. and on the part of the Chinese in directing most These missions steadily gained strength and char- of their efforts to missionary work in China with acter so that even the San Francisco earthquake no surplus energy left to look after interests in and fire (1906) which destroyed all of them, led America. The second weakness is due to their to building greater mission projects. backwardness and self-complacency which is Just as these missions reached the point of causing ossification of these once active and pro- greatest usefulness, the older or first generation gressive missions. They have failed to realize of Chinese in the United States was passing and that the preaching of other-worldliness and de- the first phase of the work came to an end. The pendence on emotionalism are no longer adequate work was no longer to win the mass of Chinese im- in winning the new generation. The old Chinese migrants, for immigration had fallen off. The old faith has practically long been forsaken and the group was looking out across the Pacific, longing temples are no longer active religious centers. The to return home. Toward that end they labored Christianity as practiced in most of the churches and spent their energy, accumulating money for of Chinatown, though it served the old genera- the trip home and in missionary efforts in the tion, is often unacceptable to the well educated homeland. Energy directed into that channel be- young Chinese. Here is the danger of the devel- came a strong factor in establishing Christian opment of a godless generation, without the old homes, churches, schools and hospitals in the moral and religious restraints and with no new Kwangtung Province from whence they had come. vital faith to take the place of what was dis- But unfortunately tbey did not think of the sec- carded. Precisely- here lies the challenge to ond phase of the work for with the coming of the Christian leadership to help revive these deterior- second generation, the nature of the mission work ating missions.

had changed, and, not being aware of the problem, In what way can these Chinese churches ef- no new technique has been evolved. The prob- fectively deal with the second generation and at lems of the second generation of Chinese in Amer- the same time satisfy the older generation? A ica is a study by itself. On them will depend • Ching-wah Lee on "Second-Generation Problems," 1922.

[294 ] program that is adequate must bridge the gap (bigger than necessary in most cases) now, in between the generation born in China and that time of depression, find themselves with white born and raised in America. To affect a renais- elephants on their hands. To lessen the evils of sance of these churches, they must be purged overlapping and wasteful competition, these from the spirit of formalism which is causing churches, with the cooperation of the Boards, their downfall. The young people, educated and should consolidate into two or three churches. trained no longer wish to follow their forebears in three-legged economic pursuits such as being One weak spot in the Chinatown churches is cooks or runners of chop-suey houses and laun- the preaching. The fact that the pulpits are ocdries. Many capable sons and daughters of cooks cupied by men of the older school results in worand laundrymen have attended universities, try- ship services offering no appeal to the younger ing to rise above their submerged economic status, generation. No attempt is made to give the servbut because of racial prejudices have not been ices proper spiritual atmosphere or to raise the able to reach a standard of living commensurate standard to a higher level. The sermons are as a with their ability. The problem therefore is not rule dry and unintelligent to young Chinese; the only that of saving souls but is also that of pre- prayers long and generally are made up of petisenting a Christian social message that will com- tions for favors instead of spiritual communion fort them and spur them on to higher things in with God. The same familiar hymns, sung from the midst of toils and conflicts. week to week and in both tongues simultaneously, also jar sensitive nerves. Is it any wonder that San Francisco's Chinatown, a community occu- those of the second generation, who attend church pying a small area, has seven Protestant go away bored and hungry? Furthermore, the teaching of the Bible, without interpreting it in churches,* and one Catholic church and center, the light of today, often causes them to reject it altogether. The preachers, often without any probesides Salvation Army, and branches of the fessional training or ability to stimulate, are Y. M. C. A. and Y. W. C. A. Denominational hardly qualified to lead any youth movement. pride or prejudice prevents one group from unit- They are apparently unmindful that each generaing with others or using the facilities of another tion must come to faith in the light of the best available knowledge of the day. One cannot put denomination.t Duplication is not only a tre- new wine into old skins lest they burst. Such is the plight of the churches in Chinatown. mendous waste of financial resources, but is also a great waste of intellectual resources in that the But despite their shortcomings, these Chinese division of enlightened leaders prevents the for- churches afford the best opportunities to young mation of a working majority within each church people for self-expression as well as for spiritual to plan progressive work. A few old members in and moral development. Therefore, a church that each church, strongly indoctrinated to love their will pioneer the work of the second generation particular denominations above social progress, and provide opportunities for their spiritual realiare stumblingblocks to the leaders trying to pro- zation will render a great service to Christ and mote church union. The Mission Boards that once to humanity. This is the problem and the chalvied with each other in building these churches lenge of Chinatown.

• Denominations represented are Baptist, Independent Baptist, Congregational, Episcopal, Methodist, Presbyterian, and Cumberland Presbyterian.

t The Hip Wo School project, sponsored by Congregational, Methodist, and Presbyterian churches is the only notable exception.

METHODIST WORK AMONG THE JAPANESE IN AMERICA The Pacific Japanese Mission Conference has organized work at Mesa and Phoenix, Arizona; Denver, Pueblo and Las Animas, Colorado; Bakersfield, Berkeley, Florin, Perkins, Fresno, Selma, Reedley, Brawley, Livingston, Loomis, Marysville, Gridley, Los Angeles, Oak- land, Oxnard, Palo Alto, Mountain View, Riverside, Sacramento, San Francisco, Sunland, San Jose, Santa Maria, Vacaville, Fairfield, Winters, West Los Angeles, California; Seattle.

Spokane, Tacoma, Wapato, Washington; Hood River, Salem, Portland, Oregon. There are 32 organized churches. This work is cared for by 23 Japanese ministers, three Japanese-Ameri- can ministers and 6 Japanese-American assistants. There are also three Americans, besides the superintendent, partially or wholly supported by the Board of Home Missions. In addi- tion there are scores of volunteer helpers who receive no salaries. The churches at Oakland, Berkeley (United), Livingston, Seattle and Los Angeles are fully self-supporting. The sub- sidy to the others varies from $5 to $45 a month. In the past eight years the total member- ship has increased from 2,279 to 4,056 and the Church School enrolment has grown from 2,609 to 4,438. Self-support has increased from $31,713 to $65,338 in 1932 and in 1933 the total gifts amounted to $47,689. -FRANK HERRON SMITH.

Story of a Chinese

Huie Kin, the Boy Who Became the Founder of the First Chinese Church of New YQrk -4if By the REV. THEODORE F. SAVAGE, D.D., New York Executive Secretary of the Presbytery of New York No FABLED hero of a magician's tale ever them only fourteen, started out across the Pacific had a greater contrast between humble be- in a small sailing vessel. About two months later ginnings and an active life than did Huie three of them arrived in San Francisco, the oldest Kin, who came from China to America as a poor having died on the way.

lad; and whose ministry of eighty years came to Young Huie Kin's first job was as a house boy a close in January of this at $1.50 a week, and later he year. He first saw the light tried his hand as a farmer's in a little Chinese village of helper. He was fortunate in four lanes, fourteen houses, attracting the attention of and seventy souls—called the several Christian people who "Village of Perpetual Peace." saw in him real possibilities Later he became a dominant and assisted him to secure figure among his countrymen more education. The Rev.

in the greatest city of the new J ames Eells, pastor of the world; the founder of the First Presbyterian Church of Christian church which today Oakland, befriended the lad, bears his name; a beloved and soon after received him minister for nearly fifty years into m e m be r s hip in that in the rush and turmoil of church and put him to work New York City. Whether he in a mission Sunday school.

often sighed for that peace That conversion was genuine he seldom told his friends, and brought forth fruit many but he loved the memories of hundredfold. that simple agricultural life The young man was given with its strong family back- a college training and after ground. his graduation from Lane Theological Seminary a call As a youth Huie Kin was came to take charge of the given the opportunities of a simple education in thE: Chi- mission work among the Chi- nese classics, but perhaps an nese in New York City.

ambition was stirred within Thither he came in 1885 at him because of the name the age of thirty-one. The given him by his parents, THE REV. AND MRS. HUlE KIN mission had started in 1868 at which translated means "Light the Five Points Mission and of Scholarship." Tales of the outside world came in 1879 came under the general supervision of the occasionally to the village of Perpetual Peace. A Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions. Huie neighbor knew someone who had once been in Kin took charge of the Chinese Sunday school Australia; later came tales of gold discoveries in of the University Place church, of which Dr.

a mythical land of California. Finally some of George Alexander was pastor. Thus began a life- the youths of the village became restive and four long friendship, which caused the Chinese Chris- of them, including young Huie Kin, then fourteen tians of New York to think of Dr. Alexander as years of age, announced their desire to come to their father in Christ. America. With rare foresight his father consented and mortgaged his farm for $30 to pay the Work among the Chinese had many encouragepassage. Then, in 1868 these four lads, two of ments and encountered many difficulties. It was conducted in one rented building after another [296 ] until in 1908, through a remarkable combination agreed to marry them, and all testified that no of circumstances a building was secured at 225 marriage seemed more truly blessed by Heaven. East 31st Street. It had been formerly occupied Mrs. Huie was as devoted to the Chinese work as by the East Side Republican Club and was ad- was her husband and became a true mother to the mirably adapted to the work, having, in addition Chinese of the city. Nine children came to bless to a large auditorium and basement for social them, and· their achievements are most imprespurposes,· a number of classrooms, and a whole sive. Here is their record:* floor which could be used to house young men recently arriving from China. Rev. Huie Kin Irving Van Arnam, B.S., New York University; Major had married a remarkable Christian woman and in Engineering Corps in the World War; formerly Depthe living quarters for the minister and his fam- uty Commissioner of New York State Highways; engiily were on the top floor. Two years later, in neer, New York City; married Miss Irene Gartland of 1910, the First Chinese Presbyterian Church was New York City; two children. organized. Harriet LoUise, B.A., Hunter College; married Mr. Through the ministry of this church Mr. Huie Fuliang Chang, Ph.B., M.F., Yale University, M.S.A. Kin has exerted an influence upon many of the University of Georgia, formerly Dean of Middle School of Chinese who have come to New York and upon the Yale-in-China, now Secretary for Rural Work, National life of China of far greater proportions than any Christian Council of China, Shanghai; five children. membership statistics can indicate. A list of those who have participated in the work reads Alice Ordainia, B.S., Teachers College, Columbia Unilike a Who's Who of modern China, including versity; married Mr. Y. C. James Yen, B.A. Yale, M.A. such men as Dr. Wong Chung Way, now a judge Princeton, D.Sc. St. John's University, Director of Mass at the Hague; Dr. C. T. Wong, formerly Minister Education Association, Tinghsien; five children. of Foreign Affairs of the Chinese Republic; Mr. James Yen, founder of the mass education move- Caroline Alida, B.S., M.A. Teachers College, Columbia; ment of China, and Mrs. Margaret Chan, Secre- married Rev. Y. Y. Tsu, Ph.D., Columbia, B.D. General tary of Lord Lytton's Commission to Manchuria, Theological Seminary, Secretary for Religious and Social who was for several years pianist in the New Work, Peiping Union Medical College; four children. York church. The founder of the Chinese Republic, Sun Yat-sen, as a young man, lived for Helen Pierson, B.A., Cornell; married Mr. Paul C. T. some months with Mr. Huie at the building on Kwei, B.A. Yale, M.A. Cornell, Ph.D. Princeton, Professor Ninth Street, and while he was there he worked of Physics at Central China University, Wuchang; three out many of his political ideas, and practically children. wrote there the draft of what later became the constitution of the Chinese Republic. Ruth Gorham, Wooster College; married Mr. Henry H. C. Chou, B.A. Oberlin, Ph.D. Columbia, Dean of the Mr. Huie not only was engaged in preaching College and Professor of Education at Yenching Univerand teaching, but devoted much of his time to sity, Peiping; three children. welcoming newcomers to America, giving them a hand of friendliness as they became adj usted to Dorothy Esther, B.A. Hunter College, M.A. Columbia, new conditions. He spent much of his time in Associate in Bacteriology, Peiping Union Medical College; caring for the sick and needy, and was a frequent married Dr. Amos Wong, M.D., St. John's and John Hopvisitor at the Presbyterian Hospital encouraging kins, Assistant Professor of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chinese, who were too afraid of American ways, Peiping Union Medical College; one child. to seek medical assistance. Albert Van Arnam, B.S., C.E. College of the City of The Huie Family New York; engaged in engineering work, New York City; married Miss Janet Lockwood of Greenwich, Conn; one Not the least of the achievements of Mr. Huie child. has been the establishment of the Huie family. Not long after he came to New York a volunteer Arthur Kin, B.S. Lafayette College; engaged in pubworker appeared at his mission, Miss Louise Van lishing and printing, New Haven, Conn.; married Miss Arnam. True love seemed to know no racial bar- Isabel Lockwood of Greenwich, Conn.; one child. riers and these two came to Dr. Alexander to tell him of their desire to join their lives. He cau- Huie Kin's life was supremely happy and he tioned them and warned them, stating that back could look back upon a service in his chosen proof each there were thousands of years of abso- fession in which he not only attained distinlutely different traditions and cultures, and dif- guished recognition, but maintained the love and ficulties w.ould undoubtedly be in store for them; affection of all who knew him. He exerted a but, when their decision was unaltered, he finally blessed influence on an untold number of lives, and completed his days in peace, returning with his wife to the land of his birth, to be near his daugh- ters in his old age. At the end he thus attained the ambition which is that of every loyal Chinese and, among members of his family, slipped away peace- fully in his eightieth year. The members of his New York church immediately requested Presby- tery to change the name of the church to the "Huie Kin Memorial" that there might be a con- tinued reminder of his faithful ministry.

·These family statistics are taken from the Rev. Huie's "Reminis- cences" (1930).

Generation

By SUMILE MORISHITA ODA, J Berkeley, California 1)9- ~==============================~ I N THE public schools of America the second w/ould like to enjoy this recreation, which so generation Japanese children have been many of the young people do, they must go after praised for their good conduct and high scholastic standing. They are neat and clean. They ten o'clock at night. In some of the largest cities on the Pacific have caused little or no trouble by juvenile delin- Coast, Japanese cannot use the swimming pools quencies. of the Y. M. C. A. and some other places have They have every right of citizens, given by the the same rule. Constitution, yet because of their appearance, At the University of California, no Japanese can pay their registration fee until proof of their citizenship is established, before the University lawyer. If one is not born in California the fee is almost $50 more. This discrimination hurts.

They are forced to take military training at the University of California, but when they apply for training in the Naval Cadet corps, they are re- fused. The problem of renting or buying homes in the better sections of the city is another difficulty with which refined second generation Japanese are confronted. In Los Angeles, a splendid newly-wedded couple, the husband a professor in a university and his wife a graduate nurse, had to move five times in three months before they could find an apartment where the neighbors did not object.

In Walnut Grove and Florin, two country towns where there are many Japanese children, they are segregated into schools and so cannot learn to speak good English.

Another difficulty is that in most families the parents speak Japanese and the children Eng- lish. As a result parents and children can with difficulty talk over matters of personal impor- tance without the danger of misunderstanding on both sides.

Photograph ZOO;nea by Dr. Frank Herron 8111Jith Many exceptionally capable second generation YUKI KUWAHARA Japanese students have been trained in univer- Religious 'Vork Director at the Japanese Methodist Episcopal sities in engineering and architecture and other Church, Los Angles fields but they find no positions available in they very often confront serious difficulties. Ra- American firms. If, however, they overcome their cial discrimination is heart breaking for the Jap- natural timidity and develop their personality and anese are extremely sensitive and proud and their do better than the white Americans, there is a children are not without that quality. place for them.

A few examples of the discrimination which The second generation are, however, fortunate they have to overcome may be cited. in having the heritage of both Japan and Amer- Japanese are prohibited in some localities from ica. With this dual heritage, they have the re- seeking seats on the first floor in theatres. In sponsibility and privilege of working toward the Oakland they are not allowed on the skating rink bringing about of a better understanding between at "Rollerland" during regular hours. If they these two nations which border on the Pacific.

[298 ] Effective Ways of Working 'rested Methods for Increasing Interest at Home I EDITED BY MRS. ESTELLA S. AITCHISON, GRANVILLE, OHIO ~,===============================,~, Of One Blood-Or Many? Between the various state- ginning two years ago with four mem- ments of things as they are and bers, now numbers 45. From that "Perhaps the greatest home the final declaration of the ideal group many from strong Buddhist mission fields in this country are for America lies a great field of hom€s have been baptized and are those which are markQd off by endeavor where every Christian earnestly seeking to win others. One the barriers of race. We have is under obligation to invest him- lad has won his father and mother learned to tunnel through moun- self to the limit of his strength and wants to train for Christian servtains and to bridge rivers. We and his means. With the possi- ice, as do others in the class. The have built roads across the des- ble exception of the Negroes, no- Japanese Woman's Home and a ert and by these roads mission- where is racial pre j u d ice church in Seattle with a membership aries have made their way to the stronger than in the American of 400, Sunday school enrolment of most distant points on our mis- attitude toward the Chinese and 500, and nine outstations are insionary frontier. We have pene- Japanese, against whose peace- cluded in the home mission program trated the regions most difficult able invasion we have erected of work among Japanese. – "Home of access in Alaska, where mis- our immigration barriers-and Mission Facts and Folks," Baptist sions are being served both by incidentally done much to para- Boazrd of Missionary Cooperation. boat and by airplane; but no one lyze missionary efforts in those has yet been able successfully to lands. By what Christian poli- The Place of Dramatizations cross the barriers of race."- cies can we ameliorate this atti- "God and the Census," by Robert tude toward Orientals in our Good Americanization plays McLean. home land? are effective in creating atmos- phere and the right attitude of "The race problem is a hu- The Department of Home Missions mind towards foreigners in our man problem. Until we think of known as Christian Americanization midst. Here are several which, all citizens as human beings, seeks, through a very simple organi- though not new, have stood the with human rights, human in- zation and almost no expenditure of test of time: terests, and human possibilities; money, to enlist church members in until we insist on equality of op- definite forms of neighborliness "America for Americans" (10 portunity, equality before the among the foreign-speaking people of cents) . law, equal sanitary provisions, their communities. The ideal is every equal protection of persons and church member a neighbor, as Jesus "Christ in America"-a pageant of property . . . until we become interpreted that word. Three of the Home Mission opportunity, with Chiconscious of a human brother- most common avenues of service are nese, Japanese and Hindu impersonahood and cease to exploit the teaching groups in homes, centers or tions prominent (15 cents). weak we are not even in sight of churches; helping any who desire to our goal."-Dr. J. L. Kesler, become citizens; just being a friend, "The Striking of America's Hour" Vanderbilt University, Nash- with all that word implies. There can -a pageant of Christian liberty, with ville. be no hard and fast rules by which to a ringing call to the higher patriotism go, for we are dealing with personali- and a challenge to American Chris- "Go to church?" said one Chi- ties, and each one is different, but in tianity (20 cents). nese laundryman. "Go to church, these intimate relationships, Christian China. No time to go to church, men and women have marvelous op- In "Christ in America" the Amelica. On Sunday Amelicans portunities to interpret democracy Chinese character says: come for clothes." and a vital Christian faith to neigh- bors, many of whom have come to I thought it would be easy to find America, America! America seeking the best it has to your Christ in America. Before I The shouts of war shall cease; give. left China I had known one of your The glory dawns! The day is come missionaries there whom I had ad- Of victory and peace! The Chinese Mission School in San mired. In this land I expected to find And now upon a larger plan Francisco is crowded to capacity. all women like her. . . . I entered We'll build the common good, Kindergarten and primary children, one of your great universities. At the The temple of the love of man, nearly all from non-Christian homes, first reception I attended, many talked The House of Brotherhood! learning day by day songs and stories to me of our queer manners and cus- of Jesus, carry them! home to father toms but no one spoke to me of Christ. and mother. Among the students are I thought they were waiting for me 50 young men most of whom come to ask to be taught, and so I said to from villages in China where the one of the teachers, "Tell me more name of Christ has never been heard. about Christ. I have heard only a … A Bible class in the Japanese little." Her face flushed and I saw that I had blundered. "We do not r Baptist church in Sacramento, be- speak of these things in a social gath- 299] ering," she answered. . . . She did not mention the subjectlagain."

The Japanese girl says to Co- lumbia, after commenting on the

loveliness of the western coast Grandmother (studying map): It is Using Missionary Magazines -rivaling that of her own land quite natural, little Etsubo, for -so that she concluded that all them to make Japan look small on We announced an afternoon joy would be hers in America: this map. It was made by the peo- with young people all around the ple of the black ships. Japan is world-looking at the fine things I expected to hear the name of made large on the Japanese maps they are doing, the way they are Jesus on every tongue. I thought it of the world. responding to challenges of would be easy to lead my brother to present-day needs. We had church in America, where I expected Girl: Who are the people of the black eight speakers from our own juto find all the people Christians; but ships? nior and senior societies, with a he has never heard the name of God member of the woman's society from American lips· except on the Grandmother: They are the red bar- as announcer and timekeeper. fruit farm, and then only with oaths barians who came uninvited to our The program was carefully and curses. Now he sneers and says, sacred land. They came in big planned, and every item of in- "The Americans send their religion black ships that moved without formation was taken from reacross the sea to us because they have sails. cent numbers of THE MISSIONno use for it themselves." ARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD. Girl: I know; Ishi sings it to me: "America for Americans" is a They came from a land of darkness- Afte~ a ten-minute introducwholesome play of world friend- Giants with hooked nose like mountain tory talk, based on three articles ship and good will for boys and -"Students Facing God and girls, and while much shorter imp; Life," "Youth's Need of Christ," and simpler in presentation, has "Youth and Religion in Ameria forceful message. All three Giants with rough hair, loose and red; ca," in the May and July nummay be obtained from the Lit- They stole a prolIllise from our sacred bers of 1933, seven women folerature Headquarters of the lowed with interesting news United Lutheran Church, 723 master items of movements among the Muhlenberg Bldg., Phila., Pa. And danced with joy as they sailed youth in America, Japan, China, Korea, Burma and Europe. They "A Daughter of the Samurai" away told of the response young peo- To the distant land of darkness. ple are giving to the race-rela- This sketch is intended to in- tions problems; the evangelistic troduce and create interest in I wonder why they are called black bands of students who are tourthe book of the same name with ships? ing Burma, India and Korea; a view to its study or reading Grandmo·ther: Because far out on the the Christian Youth Movements later. Before the curtain goes waters they looked like clouds of of Norway, Bulgaria and Hunup, some one reads a brief intro- black smoke rolling nearer and gary; student Christian productory sketch explaining that nearer, and they had long black nouncements in German univerthe author, Etso Inajaki Sugi- guns that roared. The red barba- sities; student conferences in moto, is a teacher of Japanese rians cared nothing for beauty. the Latin quarters of Paris; language and history in Colum- They laughed at the Japanese boats, youths' responses to Sunday bia University and has written whose sails are made of rich brocade school missions and to national the story of her own childhood and their oars of carved wood in- missions. These facts and many in a Japanese home, her girlhood laid with coral and mother-of-pearl. others were put into as stirring in a mission school in Tokyo, her They talked like tradesmen and did five-minute talks as our society marriage to an American mer- not want to learn the hearts of the has ever listened to. Incidenchant, her brief but happy life in children of the gods. (Pause.) tally THE REVIEW found its way this country, her return to Ja- Girl: And after that? And after into homes it had never visited pan as a widow with two little that, Grandmother? before, and the marked articles girls and finally her triumphant Grandmother: The black ships and were not the only ones read with struggle to obtain permission to the red barbarians sailed away. interest. – Emmabelle D. Pierreturn to America to educate But they sailed back many times. son, Presbyterian Church, Upher daughters. The sketch makes They were always sailing, and now per Montclair, N. J. us acquainted with the author as the people of our sacred land also a little girl who is very much talk like tradesmen and no longer "Editing Missions," "The disturbed about her beloved Ja- are peaceful and content. Woman's Friend," or "Women pan and has taken her troubles Girl: Will they never be peaceful and and Missions," or whatever the to her Honorable Grandmother. content again? The honorable desired magazine may be, makes The grandmother enters and is teacher said that sailing ships a bright and profitable program seated, after which the little girl bring lands nearer to each other. and also a good setting for secomes in, bows low and is also Grandmother: Listen! Little Grand- curing subscriptions. The leader, seated. daughter, unless the red barbarians as the editor-in-chief, gives an and the children of the gods learn editorial taken from a recent Girl: Honorable Grandmother (point- each others' hearts, the ships may number of the publication (it ing to a large colored map of the sail and sail but the two lands will may be either bona fide or syn- world in a book), I have just never be nearer. thetic); then she announces the learned that our beloved land is only a few tiny islands in the great -Mary Brown, Downey Ave. world, and I am much, much Christian Church, Indian- troubled. apolis.

This little volume (price, $1.00) will not only enable its readers to see Americans as a native- born Japanese living in our land sees us but will go far toward- enabling us to "learn each oth- ers' hearts."

"The Orient Steps Out," by Mary Jenness, is also particu- larly valuable, being a new book for Vacation Church Schools, "for girls and boys and their teachers." (Cloth, $1.00.)

EFFECTIVE WAYS OF WORKING

different features of a typical is- they are expected to visit and Bells of India (Higginbottom), cloth, sue, such as: the leading article; make arrangements to be with $1.50. Fleming H. Revell. a story; a poem; the devotional them on their regular meeting page; the news column; depart- days or at a special called meet- Ann of Ava (Hubbard), cloth, $1.00; mental features, etc., choosing ing, so that as nearly as possible paper, 75c. Missionary Education the brightest and best features the entire membership may be Movement. from several recent numbers. present to hear the message. This is also an excellent way to Results of the visitation are later Uganda's White Man of Work bring the magazine into action reported to the state secretary (Fahs) , cloth, $1.00; paper, 75c. instead of allowing it to lie un- the data obtained to be used to Missionary Education Movement. used from month to month, as increase, improve and intensify when daily papers and new nov- the missionary work of the de- The White Queen of Okoyong (Livels crowd it out. nomination. In this way litera- ingstone), $1.50. Doran. ture finds its way into the va- A Chain of Visits rious homes, missionary interest The Moffats (Hubbard), cloth, $1.00; is awakened or deepened and the paper, 75c. Missionary Education The every-member financial membership of all the societies Movement. canvass has become an accepted involved is to be increased as function in most churches of much as possible. For Juniors and Primary late years; but our Lutheran Children brethren conducted a visitation "The last public address of campaign with a different ob- Dwight W. Morrow," says the A China Shepherdess (Applegarth), ject and technique. They say: canvassers' instruction sheet, cloth, $1.75. Judson Press. "contained this statement: 'It is One of the greatest needS existing impossible that the difficulties Totem Tales (Crane) , cloth, $1.00. in our mdssionary organizations today which rest upon you can be any Fleming H. Revell. is a consciousness that we are part and greater than .the difficulties parcel of a great fellowship, linked which rested upon the noble men Junior Stewards of the Bible (Walup with other groups in like service and women who founded these lace), board, 75c. Fleming H. Reand with the same purpose for the one organizations with less adequate vell. cause-the spread of the Gospel. resources than you have, even Growing out of regret that there in this period of depression.' Off to China (Sweet), cloth, $1.00; should be any group, however small These words were not spoken paper, 75c. Friendship Press. or remote geographically from others, with reference to the work of which feels alone or discouraged, a our missionary organizations Windows into Alaska (Warner), plan has been proposed to have every but how applicable they are!" board, 75c. Friendship Press. adult organization in the land visited by some one not a member of that Not since the First Mission- Greatness Passing By (Hulda Niegroup-an ambassador bringing a ary sent out His disciples two by buhr) , cloth, $1.50. Scribner. message of friendliness and cheer … two has this plan of personal between Easter and the middle of visitation been improved upon as Additional books will be men- May. . . . We need to remind our- a Kingdom method. tioned later. selves that God's plan for realizing His purpose to share His Son with MISSIONARY READING A GOOD RECITATION the whole world has not changed. He FOR YOUNG PEOPLE has no other method for revealing His Was Tha.t Somebody You? Son than through the individual lives In line with the suggestions and personal efforts of His children. last month for missionary edu- Somebody made a monthly pledge You and I hasten or retard His pur- cation in the home, the following Testing his purse to utmost edge; pose and His plan as we give our- books are recommended as hav- Somebody paid it through the year, selves in devotion, service and sup- ing proved their merit and their Brightening the world with Christian port, or as we withhold such gifts. interest for youth: cheer. The volunteer vis ito r s- For the 'Teen Age Was that somebody you? doubtless carefully chosen with a view to fitness-are expected As It Looks to Young China (Hung), Somebody handed cheerfully in to prepare themselves in mind cloth, $1.00; paper, 60c. Friend- Money to help God's cause to win. and heart for the task, familiar- ship Press. Somebody kept his promise to pay, izing themselves thoroughly with Writing his check on each scheduled material furnished as a guide to The Young Revolutionist (Buck) , their message so there may be cloth, $1.50; paper 75c. Mission- day. no sense of strain in delivering ary Education Move~nt. Was that somebody you? it. A letter is sent out to the president of each adult group The Boys' Life of Kit Carson (Sey- … … * … * … … … asking that he or she issue to the mour) ,,cloth, $2.00. Century Co. members of the group a call to Somebody's pledge was only a scrap, the observance of a special day One Girl's Influence (Speer), cloth, Paper that no value mayhap. of prayer for missions. Daily $1.00; paper, 75c. F. N. Andrews, Somebody's soul grew shriveled and intercession through the months Pub., Plainfield, N. J. of May and June is to be small; pledged. The visitors get into Girls Who Achieved (Kirkland), Failing, he grieved the Lord of all. personal touch with the groups cloth, $1.00. Harper Bros. Was that somebody you?

More Fireside Stories for Girls (Eg- Somebody let the year slip by, gleston), cloth, $1.25. Heedless of payments piling high. Somebody said, "No more delay; Quickly I'll settle that debt today." Was that somebody you?

– – – —An-onymous.

Jesus Christ, so full of life and love, is my closest Friend. His pierced hand is ever leading me on. He lives in the hearts of countless persons, transforming and ennobling their lives. And so with reverence I intro- duce to our eager, questing and strug- gling youth this Jesus whom I have come to know and love.-Kwan Hsi- pan, Canton Christian College, The Spirit of Missions.

'~I=================I~

BULLETIN OF The Council of Women for Home Missions ANNE SEESHOLTZ, EXECUTIVE SECRETARY, 105 EAST TWENTY-SECOND STREET, NEW YORK I ~'''''''''''''''''""~—–=-===—–=-=-========—–=-==—–=-=======I~ From tne New CMna. Simon Peter answered, Thou art Chinese seems very discourag- the Christ, the Son of the Living ing. About seven years ago there JESUS WASHES THE DISCIPLES' FEET God. John 13: 5-11 was in Greater New York a To make known the unique- total of fourteen Chinese Sun- Jesus said: This is my command- ness of the Way, the Truth and day schools, and of these three ment that ye love one another, even as the Life of Jesus is not the com- were missions with five regular I have loved you. plete story. His universality paid workers of which three needs equal consideration, espe- If ye know these things, blessed are cially in presenting Him to per- were ministers. In these Sunday ye if ye do them. sons who do not know Him, or schools there were about 600 or know Him only from hearsay. 700 already Christians. The To say to Orientals that the Everywhere we all are "set in average attendance was about Way of Jesus of Nazareth is families," and we can under- sixty per school. At the presunique is not enough. To be- stand the familiar or intimate ent time there are only eight lieve in Him as the very Son of ways and teachings, such as the God and Son of Man comes to washing of the disciples' feet, schools, three paid workers, one the persons and groups and peo- that is, we understand if we minister, and the school attendples who grow in the knowledge abide long enough with Him to ance averages about twenty-five of Him from year to year, as His win understanding. Most mis- at each. To make the picture teachings and life are tested by sionaries learn early in their complete, formerly there were the everyday experiences of liv- work that if the Truth and Life ing. To come to know Jesus as of Jesus are without hindrance also the Y. M. C. A., the Y. W. Lord and Saviour of Life is the and with patience presented in C. A. and the kindergarten for fruitage of true discipleship. a whole-hearted and whole- children. The Y. M. C. A. was But who say ye that I am? And minded way, He is understood dissolved seven or eight years and loved for His own sake by ago, while the latter two stopped intellectual and simple-minded last year. At a glance the Chi- alike. nese Christian work does seem Jesus belongs to the Orientals degressive. Let us trace some and other "strangers" in our causes for this degression. midst as much as to Americans. The old Holiness Code, which A few years after the World was part of the heritage of War, business in general was Jesus, recorded: "The stranger that sojourneth with you shall very active and the Chinese res- be unto you as the home-born taurants in New York were do- among you, and thou shalt love ing their share, thereby attract- him as thyself; for ye were so- ing many Chinese to this city to journers in the land of Egypt: work. With the depression I am Jehovah your God." hardship came to many and the Chinese are no exception. In Chinese Christian Missions in 1924 the passage of certain im- New York City migration bills put an iron door By K. C. YEUNG against many would-be Oriental newcomers to America. The so- Pastor, Huie Kin Memorial Presby- called anti-Christian movement terian Church, New York in China in 1922, the depression, and the opening of private Eng- In this period of world-wide lish classes during the last three economic depression the Chris- or four years by individuals to tian work among the New York earn a living, give some light as [302 ] to the decrease of the number of Chinese in New York and corre- spondingly also the Christian work. In these times of depres- sion with the high cost of living,

BULLETIN OF THE COUNCIL OF WOMEN FOR HOME MISSIONS

many were forced to return to generously contributed toward stripes overhead, I was taught China. Christian mission work in China to sing of the "land of the free Notwithstanding the condi- will reserve part of their fund and the home of the brave." For tions we are in today, we should for use for Chinese Christian all alike, this El Dorado of the not be discouraged; Chinese work in New York. New World was held out as a Christians who are with us now land of practically limitless op- are not discouraged. Take for portunity.

example in our church, the mem- Books and teachers alone are bers bear $700 extra in addition not responsible for my illusions.

to the regular expense during The entire world today finds in the year. The Chinese Chris- Hollywood a most prolific source tian Union of Greater New of "information." Its products, York, which was disbanded sev- exported abroad in ever increas- eral years ago, was reestablished ing quantities, are for some peo- in 1933. Chen Woo, who was a ple the only means through laundryman, started a mission which they acquire their "knowl- when he went back to China. It edge" of America.

now has 180 scholars and an at- Other purveyors of American tendance of approximately 300 enlightenment there are, besides.

for service. Some members of At home, I came in contact with the Trust God Mission went back missionaries, business men, army to China and started missions. and navy people, tourists and Two other members of our others. Each group presents a church sent funds home to sup- different portrait of American port Mass Education for Adults. life.

These signs are encouraging and When, therefore, I landed on fruitful. these shores, I had in my mind a As I see it, the Chinese Chris- rather complex, uncertain pic- tian work needs some kind of a ture. That it needed consider- "new deal" in order to keep able retouching in many places, abreast with the time. Jesus I soon found out.

the fisherman knows that to fish In the realm of human rela- He must go to the streams where tions, there is perhaps no place there are fishes. He should have MRS. P. C. OUYUGAN in the world where a wider and the necessary equipment as well Jottings from a Foreign Stu- more successful experiment has as Himself, the fisherman. In been tried than in the United dent's Experiences and New York Chinatown are lo- States. This nation has truly Observations cated most of the Chinese busi- been a fruitful laboratory for the ness houses and on Sundays, By ESPERANZA ABELLERA testing of the Christian principle Chinese from neighboring com- regarding the essential equality munities invariably flock to CUYUGAN of all peoples and the oneness of Chinatown-a very good stream the human family. From the Mrs. P. C. Cuyugan is President of the Filipino Women's Club or New York. Mr. beginning it was destined to be and Mrs. Cuyugan were trained for Chris- so. True, the melting-pot has for fishing. , tian leadership by missionaries in the Philip- never really melted, and perhaps will never melt. The test, never- .In general the Chinese in New pines. Both have been students at Columbia theless, has not proved to be University. They are leaders in the Fili- a failure. York as well as in other parts of pino church of Brooklyn. Absorbed in his own affairs, this country are different from Countries and peoples are th'e rugged American individualwhat they used to be. Their never exactly as they are pic- ist shut himself up in a shell of thinking mind is different. They tured in books. They are not have had better education than even: as painted on canvas. Cer- isolation. What need did he have their parents. They have seen tainly they are not as portrayed how aggression is being applied on the screen. This I find to be upon China. New York China- true, at least in my own experitown is not the proper place to ences. My conclusions are a re- to know the others around him? receive this new generation of sult of some seven years of ob- He forced upon himself a dan- Chinese. "Fishing equipment" servation in America. gerous provincialism.

in the form of a church with As a girl in Philippine schools, What could these foreigners Y. M. C. A. activities near run in the English (United want except to take away from Chinatown, it seems to me, States American) manner and him much of the fruits of his lawould be the most ideal means tradition, I had my illusions bors, undermine his hard-earned to serve the present needs. about America. Through his- prosperity, and drive him to a Before concluding I wish to tory and literature, I learned low standard of living? At first express the hope that some of much about these great United it just did not occur to him that the American friends who so States. With the Stars-and- the student, the business man,

the artisan, came not only to gone I have found individuals Personal Problems of Foreign take but also to give. He was and groups who, because of a Students in America oblivious of the fact that these surprisingly appalling lack of Except from article by Joseph same foreigners were his collab- knowledge of the Islands and the Van Vleck, Jr.

orators in building up the ma- people, have consistently op- The foreign student in Amerterial prosperity he now enjoys. ica is a phenomenon as old as posed our emancipation from the our oldest colleges, but it is only Instances of racial discrimina- United States. I have found, during the past twenty-five years tion are numerous. It is a mat- too, that these people, when that his great significance for ter of common knowledge that properly informed about us and certain minority groups suffer our nat ion a 1 aspiration, are international education has been more from this than others. nearly always in favor of Philip- truly recognized.

Metropolitan centers are ex- pine freedom. . . . But there Beginning with the twentieth cellent schools in the study of are evidences that the American century the number of students race relations. -New York City, people as a whole are becoming coming from Oriental lands despite its cosmopolitanism and more world-minded, a happy steadily increased until during its democratic atmosphere, is 1917 to 1922 the maximum an- augury for the future, to be sure.

one outstanding example, partic- Helping to counteract these nual enrolment in the United ularly in the sense that the so- misunderstandings, which arise States was approximately 2,000 called equality of opportunity from a general lack of knowl- Japanese, 2,500 Chinese, and does not truly exist for all races. edge of my country, has been one 1,800 Filipinos. of my great opportunities since The post-war period saw a Exclusion laws against cer- coming to this wonderful land. significant immigration of Eurotain races are found in the statutes of a number of states. The I am a proud and grateful pean students to America, espefederal government itself is no beneficiary of many American cially from France, Russia and exception. They all have the institutions. The memory and Germany. The total enrolment possession of all these I count – of foreign students in the United same basis: racial discrimina- among my choicest blessings. States last year was a little over tion. It is a wonder that the relations of this country with In reciting the foregoing ex- 8,000; judging from census rethose nations is as friendly as periences and observations, I do turns already received from 50 not feel that I should offer any per cent of the colleges and uniit is. Few things can be as unpleas- apology for any undue emphasis versities, the total this year ant to one whose complexion is I may have given the various (1933) will not exceed 7,500. They represent one hundred difother than white as experiences points illustrated. I will say, ferent countries and are pursuone frequently undergoes look- ing a great variety of studies; ing around in search of a room however, that in writing the ar- a majority still continues in arts or apartment. As is customary, "ads" are inserted in the news- ticle I never for one moment and letters; in the professional papers and the "vacancy" sign course, engineering, agriculture, prominently displayed. These thought of discrediting America notwithstanding, the bell is and her institutions. Rather, it medicine, and education lead in nearly always answered with: popularity in the order named. is my purpose to bring out the "The place has just been let out," It would be difficult to exag- "I rented the room just now," fact that, like any other nation, gerate the vital meaning of stu- "The rent is so much" (an amount double or treble the ac- America is a nation of human dent migrations to the cause of tual price is usually quoted), or, m u t u a I understanding and "We take only white people in beings; that, therefore, she friendship. In the Orient today here." Otherwise, without as American-trained nationals are much as a word, following a should be so understood and ap- dominant in the spread of Westquick, scrutinizing look from ern ideas of education, public praised by those who, like me, health, recreation, and social the landlady or superintendent, welfare. Similarly, foreign stuthe door is slammed in one's might have the privilege of sharface. dents in America have inter- ing in her life at its best-in preted to us the life and prob- Illustrative of the fact that those things that it has to offer lems of their people; with the ignorance is largely responsible for the enrichment of mankind. utmost frankness they are point- I am, in other words, pleading for amity and understanding ing out the weaknesses and among the peoples of the world. I want to see a wider and fuller application of the teachings of the Great Master of men who said: for a great deal of misunder- "Now are they members, yet blunders of our civilization in its standing between nations is the but one body. That there should impact on the rest of the world. attitude that again and again I be no schism in the body; but If world-unity and peace are have observed among all classes that the members should have ever to be realized we may count of Americans toward, for in- the same care for another. And on the foreign student as an instance, my country. For nearly whether one member suffer, all dispensable factor in the attainfour decades the Philippines the members suffer with it; one ment of such a goal. have been under American sov- member honored, all the mem- For further information, consult Commitereignty. Yet everywhere I have bers reioice with it." tee on Friendly Relations Among Foreign Students, 347 Madison Ave., New York, N. Y.

AMERICA tion to inner circles of the White largest Protestant church

House and Capitol. Men, wom- earth. It is the Abyssinian Student Religion en, laymen and ministers signed church, which has a membership and asked to be permitted to take of more than 11,000 and recently In regard to the religious sit- the covenant to others. celebrated its 125th anniversary. uation on American college campuses The Christian Century The movement has grown -Watchman-Examiner. says: "Whatever happens to the quietly, yet rapidly, until it is nature of college students' belief now known as The Christian Sixtieth Anniversary of the percentage of church mem- Crusade, with an office in Wash- Rescue Work bership holds up well during col- ington. This is the simple but lege years. Fifty-five per cent of vital covenant: Donaldina Cameron and her graduate students claim church rescue of Chinese slave girls inmembership as compared with Believing Jesus Christ to be the spired a celebration at the fa- 60 per cent of freshmen. A only Lord and Saviour and Supreme mous Home in San Francisco on study of the responses of the Revealer of God-Father of us all-I May 3. Miss Cameron's biog- 2,789 college students who once promise henceforth during this year rapher prepared the manuscript attended religious services but to live a simple, sincere, active Chris- for a dramatic presentation in had ceased to do so, reveals that tian life, realizing with God's help the First Presbyterian Church 54 per cent stopped before ar- fellowship with Christ, and to encour- on May 4, entitled "Pictured riving at college. Thirty-seven age others in a league of daily prayer; Years." A Chinatown banquet per cent stopped because their and I will endeavor each day to read sponsored by the young people interest was not held by the ac- and meditate upon the Holy Scrip- was a part of the celebration tivities of the churches, and 33 tures, and at least once a week make honoring the 60th anniversary per cent because they did not be- a personal effort to encourage or draw of the beginning of this work. lieve the things that were taught s·omeone nearer to Christ. Miss Cameron has been active there." during more than half this pe- Many Feeble Churches riod, and is commonly credited These facts are drawn from with having rescued 1,500 girls. 7,500 questionnaires returned "There are at least 85,000 from the 15,000 distributed in feeble churches in the United Gangdom Strength the twelve institutions. Since 90 States which are unable to supper cent of students questioned port the full-time services of In a statement before the have retained their belief in God, either a trained or an untrained United States Senate Judiciary and 60 per cent "considered minister," says the Institute for Committee, Attorney – General themselves religious" it appears Social and Religious Research. Cummings said that the armed that the dropping away from "The data indicate that a church forces of gangdom outnumber church membership and attend- must have about 350 members in the 200,000 men in the army and ance does not meaD loss of be- order adequately to support a navy. He estimates that the lief in God. well-trained minister. Only 12 armament of crime, in revolvers, or 13 per cent of Protestant machine guns, and sawed-off Leaders Read the Signs churches meet this demand." shotguns, exceeds the total arms equipment of America's soldiers Forty professional men, real- The report further states that and sailors.-Alliance Weekly. izing the serious condition in our there are in Protestant pastornational life and believing there ates as many trained ministers Student Gospel Teams must be a changed attitude to- as there are churches that can ward God and His program for support them. This means that The Moody Bible Institute in the country, have covenanted to- there is a large oversupply of Chicago has revived the practice gether in a league of prayer and untrained men-40,000 to 50,000 of putting out student gospel personal work. Their own expe- of them in 1930. This serves to teams, and during the spring rerience became marvelous, revolu- perpetuate the number of feeble cess five or six such teams visittionary, and their lives more and inadequate churches and ed Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, effective. This small circle soon keeps the level of the ministry Wisconsin, Iowa and Missouri. grew to thousands. It ran into "about equal to the wages of This activity was in addition to all walks of life and carried the semi-skilled workers." regular church, mission and vismessage for spiritual regenera- iting work by students in and -The World Call.

Largest Protestant Church A Negro Baptist church in New York City claims to be the [305 ]

around Chicago. Each group Facts About Hispaniola Kom, situated not far from the consisted of a speaker, a vocalist, archeological site of Chichen It- In Hispaniola (the new name za. In this village all practical an instrumentalist, and in some for Haiti) education is in gen- activities are closely associated cases vocal groups. As many as with magical and religious ob- eral in the hands of the Roman servances. These, in turn, are seventy-five churches or pastors Catholic Church. French teach- curiously compounded of simpliwelcomed the idea as a move- ing Orders have it in charge. fied Christian rituals and the ment that would revive commu- The great mass of the population pagan religion practised by annities, and promote the saving cient temple – building Mayas. of souls. The Institute hopes to is unschooled and must be so, for Superstitious remnants of the enlarge the scope of the work there is scant opportunity to be past are inextricably mingled during the summer and, if pos- anything else. The Episcopal with modern ideas and ways. sible, to make it a permanent Church has twelve day schools, Peru's Bible Convention feature of student training. with 1,100 pupils, but this is in a population of 2,500,000, 85 per The annual Bible Convention and Synod of the Iglesia Evan- Living Epistles cent of the number being illit- gelica Peruana (Peruvian Evan- erate. gelical Church) was held last year at an altitude of 15,000 feet, An American Christian went Rev. George L. Richardson, in Morococha, one of the best known mining centers of Peru. into a Chinese restaurant in To- D.D., R e c tor of All Saints' Here is one of the strongest ronto to eat his lunch and en- Church, Peterborough, N. H., groups of believers in the whole of Peru, who have been the gaged the Chinese waiter in con- made a four-day visit to the means of spreading the Gospel throughout this region. Many versation. Happening to have a island, and reports: serranos come in search of work in the mines and find light fc;>r copy of the Gospel of John pub- It is the largest of our foreign mis- their souls; they, in turn, belished by the Scripture Distribu- sions in point of baptized members; come Gospel bearers as they re- turn to their pueblos. tion League, he passed it on to The work is so well established in the favor of the government that the At this Convention, the Christhe Chinese waiter with the re- . Bishop was recently awarded a deco- tians, with some hundred and quest that he read it. The man ration in recognition of eminent serv- fifty others, forty of whom were official delegates from nearly as accepted it with thanks and read ices rendered to the people of the many congregations, filled the the cover aloud,which states- Republic; Government School Hall, loaned The President and his Cabinet still by the municipality. It was ap- "His Triumph, The Greatest further testified their appreciation of parent that these workers had Conflict in History"-as evi- our Church's work by attending offi- come to realize fully their re- sponsibility for the expansion, dence he could read English. He cially the Thanksgiving Day service government and support of their promised to read the booklet and of 1933; Church. Toward this goal new The clergy serve for stipends of steps were taken, one of the most asked the customer if he went to from $40 to $60 a month (now subject important b~ing the appointment Sunday school. Receiving a re- to ten per cent reduction) and minis- of a Synod Board formed by na- tionals only, who will look after ply in the affirmative he seemed ter to three or four stations apiece; the advancement of the Gospel in pleased and brought in the soup. and this section of their country, Hispaniola in spite of the poverty of with as little financial help as Before that course was finished its people paid in full its missionary possible from foreign sources. he was back at his elbow, and in quota last year. -The Neglected Continent. his broken English again in- -The Living Church. Peru's Youth Movement quired if he went to Sunday A band of young men and school, as though he had not The Maya Civilization women in Peru, called the heard aright. When he was told "Apra" has all the glamor of a yes, with reproach in his voice, In the Smithsonian Institution crusade. Their leader, Haya de he said: "But you did not say at Washington is an exhibition la Torre, for fifteen years has of Maya fabrics and tools of fought to weld together the youth your grace." and the disinherited of the land -Evangelical Christian. present-day manufacture – ob- for the purification and the re- jects which probably do not dif- LATIN AMERICA fer essentially from those of 500 Mexican Women's Auxiliary years ago. The collection shows that the culture of the modern An entire issue of El Heraldo, Mayas has deteriorated very lita Mexican church paper, is de- tle during the centuries since voted to the Mexican Women's their greatness, and that they Auxiliary. This Protestant Epis- are not to be thought of as a discopal organization has commit- appearing remnant of a once- tees on religious education, so- great people. They are today in cial service, supply work and the a curious process of evolution, press, all of which report work passing from old tribal customs and plans. The paper has an ar- through man y intermediate ticle on the Auxiliary as a force stages into a state resembling in deepening religious life, and cosmopolitan civilization. Yet another on definite plans for the some of the tribal groups are coming year. Two points are still in the most primitive stage. stressed: to propagate the faith A community about halfway and to give money. between these stages is Chan

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

demption of their country. Back gelical believers representing all estant weekly, gives in every isof the movement is a purpose bra n c h e s of the Christian sue a list of the Sunday services profoundly religious. Haya was Church, and bearing testimony held in Paris. A late issue has educated in a Presbyterian to "The Holy Scriptures as the the address of no less than fiftyschool, and while he could hard- fully inspired and wholly trust- nine Reformed Churches with ly be classed as orthodox, he worthy revelation of God to the names of the pastors and the owes much to the things learned men," and to the great evangel- hours of service; twenty-four in that school. Catholics, Prot- ical doctrines. Lutheran churches; thirteen estants and non-believers work The Fellowship, in planning Methodist and Baptist centers of together in the Apra. There is a their Conference in London last worship; in addition there are willingness to sacrifice; a sense month, sent out the following of- twelve mission centers of the of mission and destiny. ficial call: Salvation Army and other evan- The Apristas propose to re- The undersigned believe that in our gelizing agencies, and ten places make the social and economic day a Testimony to the Holy Scrip- for Reunions de Priere. In addilife of Peru, safeguarding the tures is urgently needed, which shall tion Protestant services are con- aim to recall the world's attention to ducted in the German, English, rights of the lowliest Indian, and the Bible and seek to reestablish Armenian, Danish, Dutch, Hunassuring the finest privileges of among all people a reverent regard the nation to all alike. The Apra claims to number among its con- for the Book as being the Message of garian, Swedish, Russian and stituents fully eighty per cent of Rumanian languages. God to men. , the population of Peru, and its -The Presbyterian. bitterest opponents do not deny We feel that such work will lead to that today Apra could easily win a new and sustained interest in the Finnish Mission Society any fair election. Barring un- Bible, and to such a great response to The seventy-fifth anniversary foreseen accidents, Haya de la of the Finnish Mission Society its Message as shall result in spiritual has just been celebrated. The blessing and moral uplift both to the individual and to the nations.

The Bible Testimony Fellowship is therefore calling a Conference from Torre may be the next president which will go forth a clear and power- -Advance. ful call to the world to return to that origin of the society runs along of Peru. reverence for the Bible, which shall lines similar to that of the mis- result in earnest reading, belief in its sions of the neighboring Scandi- EUROPE saving claims and obedience to its in- navian countries, and is closely Clearing Away Slums valuable teaching. connected with the awakening England is resolved to get rid -So S. Times. which swept over Finland in 1830 and the years following. of its slums. Plans already pro- Wesleyan Mission, London About that time two pastors who visionally accepted by the government provide for the demoli- No city mission has so varied represented separate viewpoints tion of 266,851 unfit houses, and so numerous agencies as the in regard to matters of converinhabited by 1,240,182 people, London Mission of English Wes- sion and a prominent layman beand for the building of 285,189 new houses to replace those de- leyans. There are eighty-six cen- came acquainted with Dr. Jo- molished; and it is anticipated ters where mission work is being hannes Gossner, who himself that the program will be further extended. The capital cost is es- carried on in poor and crowded was destined later to lay the timated at £165,000,000, equivalent to an annual payment of sections, areas where once state- foundation of a great mission in £3,100,000 by the government ly mansions have now become India.

and of £1,070,000 by the local sordid tenements. One of the When the 700th anniversary authorities concerned. Manches- ministries is a "Cripples Guild" ; of the introduction of Christianter proposes to clear 15,000 slum dwellings, and Liverpool, 11,000. another, rest centers for unem- ity in Finland was observed in Leeds has the largest program, ployed. It was fou,nd tha~ men the churches, the government involving 30,000 houses. The came each mormng wIthout. granted permission to raise an government proposes to introduce a further Housing Bill this breakfast in order to leave what offering for missions in all of the fall, giving local authorities new powers to acquire, compulsorily, little food their cupboards held churches. At last the time was property for reconditioning. for wives and children. Accord- ripe to found a missionary ,so- -The Advance. ingly, 50,000. breakfasts were ciety and, with the cooperation served to chIldren, and thou- of men who are famous in their san~s sent with their mothers to country, the Senate authorized seaSIde or country. the founding of such a society There is also a rescue work for on Jan. 19, 1859. girls, led by a ~oman. 80 years It took ten years before the of. age; there IS med~cal work first Christians could be baptized WIth five doctors, two dIspensers, -but in 1920 a mass movement and nurses 'working ful~ time. World Wide Bible Testimony -So S. Ttmes. began and in the year before 474 people were baptized. In The Fraternal Union for Bible Protestant Strength in Paris 1932 the number of accessions Testimony, which later became amounted to 2,106. In the first The Bible Testimony Fellowship, Paris has Protestant Sunday 50 years the members were 4,- was organized in London in service in 138 places. Le Chris- 798 but in the last report there 1923. This is a union of evan- tianisme an XX Siecle, a Prot- were more than 28,000. The 80-

ciety has 16 stations with 198 Greece, Rumania, Yugoslavia are spending their days in fields preaching points, 50 ordained and Bulgaria. All have endured or factories, laboring to provide missionaries, together with 284 centuries of Turkish oppression, daily necessities. This lessens native workers. yet have preserved their nation- their pastoral and pulpit effec- al and religious life. Now, as a tiveness, and prevents extension The society has extended its result of the rapid penetration of work in surrounding territory. work to Hunan province, China, Western secularized civilization, organized in 1902. There are 4 and new conditions created by . -The Macedonian Call. main stations with 34 additional political and social changes, they points. The ·number of Chris- are all experiencing transition AFRICA tians is 1,800. The society also and readjustment. Under Turkcarries on a mission among the ish rule, missionary zeal was al- Five Converts to Islam Jews in Bukowina. most entirely annihilated among Balkan Christians, whose inter- The following item appeared Paganism in Germany ests were so thoroughly concen- in a recent issue of an Arabic trated upon national liberation newspaper published in Cairo: While some nationalists in that the life of the Church be- "Five C h r is t ian Egyptians Germany are seeking to restore came almost completely identi- (whose names are listed) went old Teuton pagan worship, Sir fied by them with the life of the to the Shareia Court of Shebim Philip Gibbs believes that the nation, to the detriment of the el Kom and announced their conmajority of Germans are hostile universal character of the Chris- version to Islam. The proper to the attempt by Dr. Alfred tian message. But the great pro- legal steps were taken and their Rosenberg to reinstate the old portion of the people remained names changed." German gods. Protestant and faithful to 0 r tho d 0 x y, al- Catholic churches are said to be though communism and anti- "Religious liberty" is guarancrowded as never before, and Sir religious sentiment began to teed in Egypt's Constitution, but Philip believes that any frontal penetrate after the War. The it works only one way-liberty attack on religion in Germany Brotherhood of St. Paul distrib- for Christians to become Moswill be a most dangerous policy utes religious literature, organ- lems. Last summer when it was for the Nazis, and will lead them izes conferences, retreats and discovered that influences were to the precipice. schools, gives special attention to being brought by missionaries to young people. A new organiza- convert a Moslem girl to Chris- A Wholesome Requirement tion, "The Mission of the Greek tianity, the whole country was in Church," makes its main object an uproar which lasted four A law which might spare us to counteract communist propa- months.-Hermann A. Lum. much anxiety and trouble is in ganda.-The Living Church. effect in Bulgaria. No child who Training for Baptism attends school in the grammar Along Polish-Russian Border grades or high school may see a Young African tribesmen are picture unless accompanied by For almost a quarter of a cen- not admitted to the Church in parents, except when a picture tury efforts have been put forth Liberia without careful training. proves to be of historical or lit- to evangelize and train in Chris- A class of forty "hearers" was erary value. Then the Ministry tian doctrines the people along recently formed, to be under of Education approves the pic- the Polish – Russian b 0 r d e r. regular instruction for a year ture and it is advertised that Against every sort of difficulty before they are made catechuschool children of certain ages and opposition this labor has mens, and another period of may attend. If a child is seen in prospered, until there has re- training before they are bapany picture house without his sulted an indigenous Church of tized. parent, and the picture has not Christ ministering to native peobeen approved by the Ministry ple in their own tongue. It is A simple and dignified ritual of Education, that child's con- organized as the Union of in keeping with native customs duct grade may be lowered one Churches of Christ and has the marks their admission as hearor more points. If it is lowered official recognition of the Polish ers, the earliest stage. The quesbut one point the student is government. Dr. K. J. Jarosze- tions they are asked are these, barred from entering the Uni- wicz is president of the Union. translated into two languages: versity at Sofia. However, this It already has over 200 estabpoint may be regained before lished mission churches and ov~r What do you want? (The answer, graduation from high school by 300 ministers, missionaries and I want God's cross.) good behavior. volunteer workers engaged in its activities. In normal times the Will you promise to keep God's -Christian Advocate. Union could be self-supporting laws? and carryon its own extension The Greek Church in Balkans program, but the membership is Will you promise not to use pagan having a struggle even to exist. charms? The Orthodox Church in the Many of the best missionaries Balkans consists of four self- Will you promise not to use divinagoverning churches, those of tion, nor to obey a diviner?

Will you promise not to sacrifice to spirits, and if others sacrifice meat, will you promise not to eat that meat?

Will you promise to have one wife only (or husband), to be faithful, and not to follow any other?

Will you promise to pray to God every day, to come to church on Sun- day, and to come when they call you to hear God's word?

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

Expansion in Nigeria bility rests almost wholly on Af- to read in church, how to pre- rican chiefs, and natives who pare and preach a sermon, and The Sudan United Mission appreciate what is being done. how to look after the church and opened four new stations in Ni- church compound from a sanigeria last year. It has now 40 Training classes are held annual- tary point of view. Every evestations reaching 50 tribes. A lyon a forty-acre site given by ning the lay readers were renotable feature of its work is quired to talk personally to the the increased share taken by the Accra chiefs to the Scout Asso- people of Aviara on the Chrispeople themselves, making itin- ciation four years ago. A month- tian life; and at week-ends they erations on their own account ly magazine is published. went to village churches of the district, preaching, doing per- -The Church Overseas. sonal visiting and holding serv- ices. -C. M. S. Outlook. and building churches. That at A Century in Basutoland Forum holds some 500 people. Seeing Things as They Are In the last seven years 46 new The Paris Missionary Society Baptist missionary Charles E. Smith, from the newest Baptist stations have been opened. The is celebrating 100 years' work in station, Kikongo, makes the situ- ation vivid by comparison: Bishop of the Niger reports that Basutoland, its oldest field. In "What would you say to havin 1932 the church contributions 1933 the number of baptisms in- ing only two pastors for Massa- chusetts, Rhode Island and Conrose from £43,689 to £50,082. creased to 3,000. The average for necticut; or eight pastors for each of the states of Michigan, Communicants increased from former years was about 2,000. Illinois and Wisconsin; or but twenty for the whole of Califor- 17,350 to 19,450, but paid work- During the last ten years Roman nia? Supposethat there were no paved roads, no automobiles, but ers dropped from 1,645 to 1,582. Catholics have increased by 205,- just narrow winding paths; then suppose that each of these pas- He deplores that the great bulk 000. Three hundred and fifty tors had not only to look after the interest of the churches in of the people are still pagan and new mission stations have been these areas, but the educational work as well, including the suthat many of the Christians opened among the natives with pervision of 203 outpost schools; and the feeding, clothing and inshow little zeal in evangelistic 40 churches for the Europeans. struction of 280 central school pupils, to say nothing of the conwork. The presence in South Africa of struction and repair of buildings and the upkeep of property. Sup- There is a movement toward a large Indian population-some pose, in addition, the wife of one of these pastors was responsible unity in Nigeria. One step in have come to Natal under a sys- for the health of the station family of 487 people (workmen, this direction was the formation tem of indentured labor, and school children and all) and thousands of others within a of the "United Mission of South- have not been repatriated as had radius of six days' journey."

ern Provinces" in 1929. originally been intended; others -Watchman-Examiner.

are "Bombay traders" (mostly Villagers Ask for a Missionary One Hundredfold Mohammedans) who are to be A few years ago four men from an African village walked Mrs. M. L. Hack of the Amer- found in many towns and vil- eighty miles through the bush to the nearest mission station to ican Board tells of a Chindau lages – has created a special ask if their village, too, might have a missionary. They had girl who was sold three times by problem. . been sent as a deputation by their chief and the people of her heathen father. Then she ran The people of South Africa their village; they humbly prof- fered their request, then walked away, walking 200 miles to Mt. are looking for a name for them- the eighty miles home again. Until recently this request has Silinda School, East Africa. She selves. "African" is an inaccu- had to remain unfulfilled. At the became the first girl teacher in rate designation, since it calls a an out-station school; she broke part by the name of the whole.

native superstitions and under- The term "Bantu," though it went the first major operation m~a~s merely "t~e people," is performed in her part of the I gammg the ~eld. m mtepectual ccaomunetrsyh·~ when the depression groups lainndgusiCsIteicntIdfiecssitgund~Iteis?,nanodf volunteered to keep on is the teaching "God's work" without the language of the maJorIty of pay. She has now taken into her t~e peoples of larger ~out? Afhome a two year old motherless rIca. – World Evangel2zatwn..

child to bring up, and she faces Isoko's Lay Readers a second serious operation.

-American Board News. A group of lay readers has Boy Scouts on Gold Coast been commissioned by the bishop in the Isoko country, to conduct The Boy Scout Movement has services, exercise pastoral over- made remarkable progress on sight, and hold classes in and for the Gold Coast. There are now their churches.. There are now 32 Scout centers and over 3,000 between fifty and sixty of these officers and scouts. More impor- men doing effective work. Rev.

tant than the numbers is the J. W. Hubbard has given them a spread of the Scout spirit, and short training course in the Old the enthusiasm with w h i c h and New Testaments, the use of young Africans lead their troops. the Isoko Prayer Book, and sim- Very few Europeans have any ple doctrine based on the Apos- part in the work; the responsi- tles' Creed. It also included how

conference of Moravian Missions the packed human cargo was tical action, planning finance, at Tabora last fall a plan was worked out for the beginning hurried off to Arabia for sale dioceses and adjustments of orand maintenance of outstations in three places, with a start to- and dispersal over the face of ganizations, but it should be reward a fourth. The cost of each new place will be about £20 for the desert." membered that this is the first the first year, and a smaller sum for each following year. INDIA union between episcopal and -Moravian Missions. nonepiscopal churches which has WESTERN ASIA United Evangelism ever been planned, and that in many lands people are watching In the Holy Land Madras has for the first time and discussing it, for the reper- witnessed the united efforts of Palestine has twenty – three the Indian Church in evangel- cussions of such a union will be Protestant missionary organiza- ism. During the week of Janu- felt in every Protestant church. tions, with a number of inde- ary 7-14 a program, prayerfully In view of the .diversity of trapendent forces in addition. Ro- planned for months in advance, ditions, a union may require man Catholic work is chiefly was put into effect, e. g., to bring years of cautious consideration. among Armenians, Abyssinians, Copts, Nestorians and Jacobites. a Christian greeting into every Indian Revisers of Bible The whole number of mission- home in Madras by a personal aries is 232. In Jerusalem, with Indian Christians are taking a population of 90,407, there are visit; to distribute to each home an increasing share in translasixteen missionary societies with a tract or pamphlet suitable to 105 missionaries, making one the standard of the people; and tions of the Bible into their own missionary for 861 persons. language. The chief reviser, and The r e are fifty Protestant to invite to, and to conduct, spe- most of the group which preschools with 4,281 pupils. Spir- cial meetings with lantern slides, pared a recent revision of the itual work leading to Christian lyrical preaching and lectures in conversions is extremely diffi- public halls and reading rooms. Bible in Urdu were Indians. The cult. The Moslems number 73 revisers of the version in Gujaper cent of the population, and This work was divided among rati are mostly those dealing the Jews 17 per cent. Any Mos- four local groups. Volunteer with their mother tongue; their lem becoming a Christian loses his family, social, political and workers came forward from all leader, Himmatal, is connected business standing. There are the churches. In order to meet with the Irish Presbyterian Missaid to be only twenty – five the special needs of non-Chris- sion Press. In Marathi, Rao Baknown Moslem converts in all tian students, a professor pre- Palestine. pared a special salutation and hadur Athavle has published an independent translation of the Slavery Today 7,000 copies of this were circu- New Testament which has won lated among college students in much praise. Pandita Ramabai The Nautical Magazine for the city. The press was also last December describes a mod- used. Articles appeared in The had made an earlier version in ern slaveship seen crossing the Madras Mail and The Hindu the same tongue. The Bible in Red Sea in August. "A fast and during that week. Christian or-· Nepali is chiefly due to the late beautiful dhow making the ganizations like the Y. M. C. A. Rev. Ganga Prashad Pradhan of crossing from Africa to Arabia had some accident to her hal- and S. C. A. also had their part the Church of Scotland Mission liards, which brought down the to play, and cooperated with the who spent most of his long life mainsail. A liner came along- churches. From reports of vari- upon this great work. side, and the officers had the op- ous groups a hearty welcome portunity of seeing a thing -World Evangelization. usually hidden by the darkness of night-a modern slave-ship was accorded the plan. Many Uplift for Outcasts fully loaded. There appeared to be between two and three hun- were found eager to receive the An interesting development is dred Negroes seated in rows on message. in the number of Hindu agencies benches on the dhow with their ankles fastened to the flooring. Church Union Lags which are working for the uplift of the outcastes. Two eclectic "The liner's wireless sent out . Negotiations for the union of groups-the Brahmo Samaj and the news of the slaver's location to the Red Sea guard ship; the Anglican and free churches in the Ramakrishna Mission, which dhow repaired its halyards and South India which started in try to combine what they believe 1919 are being continued, but to be good in Hinduism, Islam progress is slow. The joint com- and Christianity-are taking ac- mittee of representatives official- tive measures to provide schools ly appointed by the Anglican for the depressed classes. The Church, the United Church of Brahmo Samaj is carrying on South India and the Methodist nearly 500 schools of different Church met in Madras last Feb- grades, and the Ramakrishna ruary, to consider the modifica- Mission has some 90 centers in tions suggested in the scheme of all parts of India in which it is union by the central bodies of undertaking social and religious the three negotiating churches. work. The large and influential There is impatience in some Arya Samaj, with nearly a mil- quarters that the committee has lion members, has placed the re- not yet got down to more prac- moval of untouchability among

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

its main objectives. The Hindu were drilling a policeman arrest- Why Names Are Changed Mission began work in 1925 defi- ed him. He supposed he would nitely with the aim of stemrn.ing be treated as Sadhu Sundar Much confusion as to names of the tide of conversions to Chris- Singh had been, but was re- mission stations has naturally tianity among outcaste and abo- leased. In each place visited, he arisen when Lanchow became riginal peoples. distributes tracts and Gospels. Kaolan, Hanchung became Nan- cheng, and Hangchow became In contrast with this construc- "Preach the Lord Jesus" Hanghsien, to mention only a .tive work is the "Self-Respect few of the changes. The expla- Movement," which is largely de- The Hyderabad District of the nation is, however, simple. After structive. It condemns the social Methodist Church reports the and religious evils of Hinduism, following advance for 1933 : the establishment of the Repuband by scorn and satire endeav- Over 1,400 young men joined in lic in 1911 it was decided to ors to undermine them. The an evangelistic campaign to 690 abolish the old system of admincaste system, child marriage, the villages. Caste people w ere istration by which certain cities power of the Brahmans, and the greatly impressed by the bold called "fu" and "chow" had juoppression of the untouchables, witness of these outcaste youths. risdiction over a number of other are abuses which the movement Adults received into the Chris- cities which were designated desires to banish from Indian tian Church numbered 1,981. A life.-The Church Overseas. baptized Christian community "hsien," and to reduce them all to one level as "hsien," or coun- ties. Thus it became an anomaly Gandhi Warns Missionaries has grown to 89,882 in 55 years to designate the "fu" and the since the Mission was started in "chow" by names which recalled Mahatma Gandhi is reported 1879. Caste inquirers pleaded: their fallen grandeur. Fortuby the Free Press of Bombay as "Sirs, preach the Lord Jesus. We saying: "I believe in the equal- never get tired of Him. The nately, all these cities had also a ity of all the great religions of more we hear of Him the more "hsien" name, k now n well the world, and from my very we desire to be with Him." enough to the people in that disearly days I have learned to trict, though not universally honor other religions as I honor . -Dnyanodaya. throughout China, and in 1933, my own religion, and have no difficulty at all in inviting and CHINA after a period of transition, taking the cooperation of organ- these "hsien" names were defiizations that belong to other reli- Shanghai's Record Year nitely adopted by the Chinese gions." Post Office, and will gradually Shanghai now stands the sec- supplant "fu" and "chow" names ond diocese of the Episcopal altogether.-China's Millions.

Referring to the untouchables Church in China in numbers, The Challenge of Christianity he said: "There is a wrong way having a total of 9,378 baptized of giving help; I am painfully Christians. Total contributions Dr. T. Z. Koo, who is closely aware of that: that is, when of $52,000 again exceed all pre- identified with the Christian Stuyour friends come with the in- vious records. There are three dent Movement, not only in tention, either expressed or im- new churches. Grace Church, China but throughout the world, plied, of seeking to convert these Shanghai, rebuilt; St. Stephen's, and is known for penetrative children. That is the wrong way, Yanghong, built with materials thinking, in a recent address and I cannot possibly say that from a church burned during mentioned some contributions of in this case your help will be the Japanese attack of 1931; the Christian religion to Chinese welcome.. …. If you believe in and a small new country church life which go deeper than the your heart of hearts that Hindu- at Szekyau financed entirely by surface. To give them the true ism is not a gift of God, but a the local congregation. The dio- perspective he first fills in the gift of Satan, you cannot help cese now has five independent background of Chinese culture. us, and I cannot ask your help." parishes, receiving no American "Confucius did not deny that support. there is spirit or God but he did Christian Sadhu in Himalayas These advances are in spite of say that such a spirit is so far a ten per cent cut in salaries, but away, why waste time specu- A Christian Sadhu named whether the same activity can lating about the nature of the Sadhu Paul from Travancore, be maintained is the problem. spirit? You will never know South India, has been preaching Only half a dozen of the city very much about him. Thereand visiting Christians in a num- churches can hope to attain self- fore, the reasonable thing is to ber of places in the northeastern support in the next ten years; take your time and learn how to Himalayas, remaining a few country evangelism must be car- live rightly with your fellowdays in each town. In September ried for a generation at least, men. Thus when you make a he arrived at Nepal, where Sad- and the Chinese church cannot people live on their own level as hu Sundar Singh was tortured possibly take over the financial man to man, you take away the and imprisoned. There, as he maintenance of high g r a d e power ever to rise above that was passing through a parade schools and hospitals. level. Bring into such a situa- ground where about 400 troops -The Churchman. tion Jesus Christ, and we realize

that here is God, who is not dis- stood around outdoors for the The Church of Christ Advances tant, but who can come so closely service. to us in Christ that we perhaps Dr. Cleland B. McAfee cites can say, with some of the sages Another Shanghai church that two evidences that a distinctiveand prophets of old, that we can was injured in the Japanese ly effective Christian Church exwalk with Him. Here we have troubles was not rebuilt on the ists in China. Commissioners of God with whose spirit our spirit same site, at Santingko, but in a the General Assembly, as also can come into fellowship and more convenient place at Yang- members of synods, when they communion. haung. The people themselves secured all the money to buy convene, repeat in unison the "Again, our culture has pro- land and erect a church seating following covenant: duced some very fine things in 150, and another building with In the presence of God our Heavthe way of ethics; and, I think, enly Father we enter into a solemn the Chinese people as a whole living quarters and parish hall. covenant to exert ourselves to the ut- most to make this meeting of the Genowes to this fact its continuity. But, when you live merely by Year Book Abridged eral Assembly a sacred, solemn and the ethical code, you either be- spiritual fellowship, and to be fellowcome cynical or a hypocrite. Although it covers a two-year workers with God and bound to one That is what happened to the period instead of one, the China another by ties of mutual respect and Pharisees. When Christianity Church Year Book has been re- love. Throughout all its sessions we appears, something new comes duced to about half the custom- will strive in this spirit of cooperation in. Whereas formerly we merely ary number of pages, in the hope to increasingly strengthen the work adhered to a code, now we have that the reduced cost may make of our Church, so that the name of surrendered to a personality. it possible to greatly increase the God may be glorified and Jesus Christ sales. The first part of the vol- may be manifested as the Head of the "The third point is in the fact ume in eight chapters describes Church, and the Universal Church of all ages as His Body, sharing a comthat we as individuals in China mon breath of life and filled with the receive little consideration be- richness of His abundant life. May the general situation of the Chi- the Kingdom of God come to earth nese Church. The thirty succeed- even as it is in Heaven.

cause we are mere units in the ing sections deal with the vari- An unknown contributor to a large group, whose interests we Shanghai paper writes: "A few ous aspects of evangelism, edu- impressions will remain in the must serve. The Christian mes- cational and philanthropic work, writer's mind: First, a really sage coming into that back- and agencies related to the ground tells us we are precious church, followed by a calendar Chinese church is at work, tackin the sight of God-our Father. ling its own problems. In critical When we realize all this means of church events, laws affecting the church, publications since decisions the conscience of the something a I m 0 s t explosive 1931, a directory of church offi- Chinese commissioners was true comes into our lives. It is not cials and pastors, institutions of to the highest things. The church mere accident, that so many new higher education, hospitals, etc., is looking to the future, and faccurrents of life in the Far East together with a summary of re- ing difficulties bravely. If time today can be traced directly to cent statistics of church and is wasted in discussion, it is men and women who have come Sunday school work. to know Christ. gained in fellowship. The inspi- ration of being at a gathering "Finally, in the Christian reli- Abolish Sedan Chairs representing the church all over gion is a distinct challenge to China cannot fail to move indi- rise from the plane taught by Canton municipal authorities viduals, and make them feel that they are part of a great whole. Confucius-'Return with justice have decided to abolish the Now the Assembly is over, and those who hate you' to Christ's sedan chair on the ground that it it is for every delegate to return standard – 'meet your enemy is inhuman, and contrary to the home, strengthened by Christian modern spirit. It is apparently fellowship, to face once more his with love'; to rise from this or her own task in the light of plane of mere justice, and move realized that the carrying of new experiences." sedan chairs is degrading. The a step ahead and deal with each ricksha has been supplanted in Christ, the Complete Saviour other also in love. Tremendous large cities of Japan by the are the implications of that for A Chinese preacher, familiar cheap cruising taxicab, and obus in our modern life today." viously the Chinese do not like -Bible Society Record.

Churches Rebuilt to have foreigners call attention with the religions of Confucius to the fact that Chinese human and Buddha, is said to have rep- The Chinese Church at Kiang- beings are still used as beasts of resented the difference between wan, near Shanghai, which was burden, while the Japanese have the mission of the Lord Jesus entirely destroyed by bombs dur- been delivered from this form of Christ and that of these heathen ing the Japanese-Chinese conflict degradation. All the accompany- teachers as follows: "A sinner has been replaced by a new one, ing discussions have called at- was found lying in a deep pit, only half as large, but opened tention in general to the exploi- unable to save himself from its with great rejoicing by a con- tation of the Chinese. mire. Confucius came to the gregation that overflowed and -China Weekly Review. edge of the pit and said, 'Poor

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

fellow, I am very sorry for you. moved away, yet the poor ones speaking and conference engage- Why were you such a fool as to remaining have been ready to ments, Toyohiko Kagawa wrote: get into that pit? Let me give support a pastor if one could be you a piece of advice: if you get found. They have carried on by If only Japan will repent, and esout, don't get into it again.' A themselves with the remarkable tablish permanent friendship with Buddhist priest is next heard result that it took four whole China! There is no other way than saying to him 'Poor fellow! I am days to examine all the candi- by the Law of Love. And not only in very much pained to see you dates in a single church for bap- the relations between China and Jathere. I think if you could get up tism and enrolment. Twelve pan, if we hope for a progressive two-thirds of the way, or even a were baptized and forty enrolled uniting of all the cultures of the nahalf of the way out of this mire, as catechumens under instruc- tions and races of the whole world, I would be able to lift you out tion for full membership. In there is no other way than through the rest of the way.' But the spite of disturbed conditions the the principle of redemptive love. The man was helpless. When the enrolment this year of over forty law of redemptive love is the funda- Lord Jesus Christ came to him, surpassed our expectation and mental law of the universe. Kropot- He lifted him up by grace all previous records. Their spirit kin's instinctive love is not enough. through faith, and set his feet also was exceptionally fine as Instinctive love does not transcend upon the rock." shown by their promptness, race. It is the redemptive love that their readiness to cooperate, and Christ lived and practiced that alone -Episcopal Recorder. their eager desire to learn the transcends race. This type of redemp- Christian Way of Life. tive love must grow in us, and in co- To Christianize the Troops operation with the spirit of the uni- JAPAN-CHOSEN' verse we must labor to save the un- There is an interesting move- happy peoples of the world. Since the ment on foot in some Chinese Student Housing Problem Japanese nation was unable to sense military circles for putting this great redemptive love, I suffer the troops under regular Christian One of the problems facing sorrows of the Prophet Jeremiah. instruction. Groups of soldiers higher education institutions in Forgive us! You sons of Confucius and are now being marched to the Japan is to provide successful, Motzu forgive us in the name of your mission churches· in at least adequate and healthful housing great peace-loving sages! Some day three cities, Nanchang, Chang- for the thousands of young men the Japanese will cast away sword sha and Yochow. At Changsha who flock to colleges and univer- and gun and awaken to the love of the there are three or four places in sities each year from all parts of Cross. Just now I can think of noththe city where regularly num- the empire. This problem was ing but to beseech your pardon. And bers of men are gathered every emphasized in the study made of there are an uncounted number of Sunday for Christian preaching. Christian education in Japan by young souls in Japan who like myself One or two companies march to a joint commission in 1932, con- are asking for pardon,-this is my Trinity Church in Hankow for sisting of American and Japa- message to Chinese brothers who may an early afternoon hour of in- nese educators, working under read this book. struction. the International Missionary Council. -Kagawa Fellowship Bulletin. -Presbyterian Advance. The Rikkyo Brotherhood is The Omi Brotherhood Harvests of Manchukuo undertaking an experiment to solve this problem in a small In February, the Omi Mission Rev. W. T. Cook of Sinpin, way by providing not only com- Manchukuo, notes an improve- fortable and healthful housing as it entered its thirtieth year ment of conditions within the for out-of-town students, but past year, both materially and also comfortable surroundings came to an end, and was sucspiritually. "Last year at the for their members during their ceeded by the "Omi Brother- Bible Institute I asked the stu- college life. Before launching a hood." The change, which is in dents to indicate which ones had permanent program there is to name only, was made in the induring the year met with rob- be a six months' period of ex- terest of clarity. There is no bery in one way or another. perimentation with a rented trial change in purpose, principles or About one half held up their house. This study of the needs personnel. The Mission has hands. This year the census in- and problems of such a housing grown from the microscopic efdicated only one in eight had venture will show whether the fort of one "foreign" teacher been molested. This was partly raising of approximately Y200,- and a couple of his pupils to an due to a bumper crop, sufficient 000 to construct the permanent organization of more than two to feed everyone; and partly to student chapter house project is hundred workers; its various the stabilizing influence of a justified. industrial departments h a v e small Japanese garrison. The made positive contributions to harvest in the church is a more -The Living Church. social betterment in Japan, in surprising one. Because of con- addition to earning the financial stant war and robbery, only Kagawa Deplores Militarism support for the entire enter- 4,000 Christians remain out of prise; its efforts in tuberculosis 6,000. Those with means have As he was nearing the Philip- treatment, progressive educa- pine Islands for a month of tion, and rural evangelization have had international influence; and in spite of successful indus- trial experiments none of its members has amassed personal wealth. It has operated for more than a quarter-century as a Christian community in which

four nationalities have cooper- Bible Institute for about forty and Senior societies, with a men and women who are unable membership of about four thouated upon equal terms.

One of the reasons for the to make the hundred-mile jour- sand. For years these societies change of name is that the in- ney to Pyengyang to study. He functioned separately, each evan- digenous character of this or- has inspired the young men of gelical church having charge of ganization see m s better ex- the church to evangelistic zeal, its own organization. In 1925 pressed by the word "Brother- so that they have started a group the Northern Luzon Christian hood," which, in its extensive in a near-by village, walking the Endeavor Union was organized sense, seems to connote the prim- three miles out and back each which federated some sixteen so- itive and essential meaning of Sunday to hold services for cieties in four provinces. A few Christianity in a way that the them; and a few weeks ago years later its membership had term "Mission" does not achieve. these boys raised money and grown to thirty-two regularly In the organization the term bought a building for their organized senior societies with brotherhood is understood to in- group, which now numbers forty an equal number of junior so- clude both sexes. or fifty. Young Kil's sermons cieties. The Western Visayan -Omi Mustard Seed. s how his father's spiritual Christian Endeavor Union and power, and in addition he has a the Manila union were later or- beautiful singing voice. The peo- ganized. Finally on December Street Evangelism ple say "there never was anyone 22 to 24, 1933, the first national Mr. Dwight L. Malsbary, a like him for personal work; he's Christian Endeavor convention always at it." was held. Fifty-three registered Presbyterian missionary who delegates and many visitors has been teaching music in -Pyengyang News. Pyengyang for five years, writes made up the attendance. A secthat he and a Seminary student Nat Rice Christian ond nat ion a I convention is planned for two years hence. encountered three men on the street who were emerging from In a small village near Seoul, -C. E. World. a drunken orgy. They spent fif- Chosen, a Christian church has teen minutes trying to impress upon them that God has a rem- been closed for several years be- New Interest in Rural Affairs cause its members had become edy for sin. One of the men indifferent. The church bell had Since last April every municiasked the men to call at his been rented to strangers. The pality in the Iloilo district, P. I., house and tell him more. They Presbyterian Mission sen t a has had a rural institute. Probgave him a copy of John's Gos- Korean Bible woman to the dis- ably 10,000 people have been pel and ten days later they trict to endeavor to return the reached with instruction in praccalled. The man was not at home flock to the fold. After two tically every phase of country but his son told them his father months 30 persons met in the life. This interest in the farmer had become a believer. Asked long-closed church. The bell was and the barrio man has spread how long ago, the son replied: returned to its own belfry. At to municipal, provincial and in- "About a week or so ago some- the same time the Bible woman's sular government officials. Buone on the street asked him to salary ceased. She was invited reau representatives and district believe and he said he would, and to go to another church which health officers take part on instihe came home, told us about it had raised money for the sup- tute programs while town presiand now besides my father, my port of a Bible woman. Here is dents widely advertise the meetwife and I, my sister and broth- her answer: "My little children ings and urge barrio lieutenants er, all believe. We all went to here are just getting on their to attend. church for the first time in our feet and learning to walk. Can lives last Sunday." I say to them, 'There is rice for New Work in D. E. I. -Pyengyang News. me there and none for me here, therefore, I will go where there Consolidation is the order of the day in the Dutch East Indies. Do Ministers' Sons Go Wrong? is rice?' The Lord won't let me In 1930 the 330,000 Batak Chris- starve. I'll work on here." tians in Sumatra framed a con- The blind evangelist, Pastor -Presbyterian Banner. stitution as a Batak Church. The Kil, is known the world over. congregations of Central Java His son has graduated from the ISLANDS OF THE PACIFIC took a similar step two years Seminary, and last year became later. In 1932 a general synod the pastor of the mountain vil- Philippine C. E. Union was organized in eastern Java. lage church of Kok San. He found the church split with fac- The earliest Christian En- The Salvation Army reports 300 tions and in an unhealthy condi- deavor society known in the professed conversions on the tion, but undaunted, started to Philippine Islands was organ- north coast of Java. The Chrisbuild it up. He has not only ized at San Fernando, La Union, tian and Missionary Alliance are greatly increased the attendance, on December 28, 1904. From opening three new fields in East and brought in many new mem- that date there have been ap- Dutch Borneo.

bers, but has started an evening proximately five hundred Junior -World Evangelization.

Missionary

Books Briefly Reviewed for the Readers' Information ANNOTATED LIST OF BOOKS ON ORIENTALS IN AMERICA PREPARED BY MISS MAY HUSTON Associate Secretary, Department of Missionary Education, Northern Baptist Convention Chinatown Quest. By Carol Green Land of All Nations. By Margaret For Adults Wilson. Stanford University Press, R. Seebach. Cloth, 50 cents; paper, Orientals in American Life. By Pres. California. $1.00. Albert W. Palmer; author of "The 25 cents. Human Side of Hawaii," "The New Christian Epic," etc. Cloth, $1.00; The story of Donaldina Cam- Biographical sketches about paper, 60 cents. Friendship Press, eron's life-long battle to end the people of various races living in New York. traffic in Chinese slave-girls in the United States. Two of Ori- America. "Lo Mo," as she was entals. An exceedingly interesting called, worked to rebuild the and informing book that grows lives of the girls she rescued and Next-door Neighbors. By Margaret out of the author's own experihas been richly repaid by the T. Applegarth. $1.25. Fleming H. ences with Orientals both in host of happy women she has Revell, New York. Hawaii and on the Pacific Coast. It is a keen, sympathetic study sent out into lives of usefulness. Thumbnail sketches contain- of their problems in the effort to ing .several stories of Chinese fit into the life of this country and of the possibilities of their The Ways of Ah Sin. By Charles R. and Japanese children in Amer- development in the right envi- ica. ronment. From the first chap- Shepherd. ter on "The Transformation of Chinatown" to the last on "How A vivid and thrilling story of A Daughter of the Samurai. By Etsu the Church Can Help" the book similar work for Chinese in San I. Sugimoto. $1.00. Doubleday is filled with vivid, deftly drawn Francisco. Out of print but may Doran, New York. pictures of Oriental life.

be found in many libraries. A background book showing For Young People and Seniors Lim Yik Choy. By Charles R. Shep- the life of a Japanese girl of the Out of the Far East. By Allan A. herd. $1.50. Fleming H. Revell, Samurai class reflecting the Hunter, author of "Facing the Pa- New York. many-sided life of Japan in the cific"; "Youth's Adventure"; "So- transition period. cial Perplexities." Cloth, $1.00; The story of a little boy or- paper, 60 cents. ,phaned in China and brought to A Daughter of the Narikin. By Etsu America by an old uncle who I. Sugimoto. $3.00. Doubleday Stimulating adventures in dies shortly after the arrival of Doran, New York. world friendship. Well written the pair in the United States. and admirably adapted for The n a r rat i v e carries him Another beautiful story, the groups of young people because through many experiences, and plot of which is laid in Japan of its youth approach and the sends him back to the land of his but touches American life, thus author's first-hand experience birth, to take up a career of con- making it an excellent reading with Oriental young people both secrated Christian service. book for this year's theme. in the Far East and in this coun- try. Huie Kin Reminiscences. Published The World in a Barn. By Gertrude in China; may be ordered through Chandler Warner, author of "Win- For Junior-High Grade the Presbyterian Book Store, San dows into Alaska." $1.00. Friend- Francisco. $1.25 plus postage. ship Press, New York. Gold Mountain. By Philip F. Payne, Assistant Secretary, Presbyterian An exceedingly interesting life A popular reading book for Board of National Missions; in history of a Chinese boy who primary children, containing charge of Oriental Work. Cloth, came to America when he was several stories about Oriental $1.00; paper, 60 cents. fourteen and later became a children in the United States. Presbyterian minister in New A delightful story of Chinese York City. MISSION STUDY BOOKS- who heard of the discovery of GRADED READING gold in the mountains of Cali- fornia; their efforts to become When the East Is in the West. By The new books published by miners; the opposition they Maude Madden. $1.50. Fleming the Missionary Education Move- H. Revell, New York. ment are the more welcome be- True stories revealing the cause of the limited number of Japanese heart and soul in Cali- readable volumes. These books fornia. Excellent for illustra- should be placed in school and tions to be used in programs or public libraries as well as in study classes. . homes and churches.

Any of the books noted In these columns will be sent by the REVIEW publishers on receipt of price.

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met; the problems of adjust- For Leaders of Junior High mate acquaintance, knows the ment and the results of Chris- School Groups several racial groups of peoples tian work among them. Also in the Pacific area. stories of Japanese, their char- A 'Course on Orientals in the United acteristic traits, and their re- States. Paper, 25 cents. Immigration. By Lawrence Guy sponse to the Christian message. Brown. $3.00. Longmans Green Based on "Gold Mountain" Co., New York. For Juniors and other books. A discussion of cultural con- Rainbow Bridge. By Florence Cran- For Leaders of Junior Groups flicts and social adj ustments ar- nell Means, author of "Ranch and ranged for a one semester Ring" and the stories in "Children Japanese Here and There. By Mar- course. Contains chapters on of the Great Spirit." Cloth, $1.50; garet E. Forsyth, Associate in Re- the Chinese, Japanese and Fili- paper, 75 cents. ligious Education, Teachers College, pinos and is an excellent refer- Columbia University, and Ursul ence volume on the whole immi- Any Junior will be thrilled by Moran, missionary in Japan. Boards, gration question. the adventures of the Miyata $1.00; paper, 75 cents. children who left their home in Filipino Immigration. By Bruno Japan to come to America. From A Friendship Press text on Lasker. $4.00. Chicago University the moment they embark until the Japanese both in Japan and Press. the story closes there is one ex- in the United States. Gives sugciting adventure after another. gestions for procedures and ac- This is the most comprehen- Delightfully illustrated. tivities on School Life; Home sive study of the subject based Life, Earning a Living. on a careful survey made by the For Primary Boys and Girls American Council of Pacific Re- Orientals in the United States Pic- lations that has yet appeared. It Oriental Friends in the United States. ture Sheet. 25 cents. throws light on many of the fac- By Katharine Smith Adams, for- tors involved in this problem merly Director of Religious Educa- A folder of pictures to be used which the American Congress tion in Christ Church, Greenwich, in making posters and notebooks will, without doubt, have to face. Connecticut. Boards, $1.00; paper, and for classroom use. 75 cents. Resident Orientals on the American Picture Map of the United States, Pacific Coast. By Eliot Grinnell This book for leaders gives 30 x 50 inches, to be colored by the Mears. $3.00. Chicago University suggestions for teaching and children. 50 cents. Press. worship as well as source material on Chinese, Japanese and Pictures of Orientals in the An exposition of the present Filipinos. United States or of home mis- situation of the Chinese and the sion work may be pasted on the Japanese resident in continental Helps for Leaders of Adult map at appropriate places. United States. Legal sources Study Groups have been consulted and are Paper Dolls. 25 cents a set. quoted quite extensively. Con- A Course for Leaders of Adult Groups tains many charts and tables, Studying the Orientals in the The three sets, Friendship thus making available an im- United States. By Margaret I. Cut-outs; China Paper Dolls; mense amount of information. Marston, Educational Secretary, Japan Paper Dolls, furnish ex- Woman's Auxiliary of the Protes- cellent Oriental dolls to use in Japanese in the United States. By tant Episcopal Church. Paper, 25 connection with any study of Yamato khihashi. $4.00. Stan- cents. these races in the United States. ford University Press, California.

This pamphlet is at once a Additional helps in the way of magazines, Ranks as the most comprehenhelpful guide to Dr. Palmer's programs, leaflets on fields, also plays may sive and authoritative resource book and to the use of other ma- be secured by writing denominational boards. book on the subject. Written by terials on the general subject of a professor of Japanese history missions among Oriental peoples Reference Books on Orientals and government in Stanford in America. University, it contains invalu- An extensive bibliography will able information about Japanese What Do You Think About Orientals be found in Dr. Palmer's "Ori- immigrants and their children. in the United States? 10 cents each; entals in American Life." Men- 60 cents per dozen. tion is made here of a few. Foreign Swdents in America. $1.75. Association Press, New York. Brain-teasing questions and Paradox in Hawaii. By David Livcheck lists of thought-provoking ingston Crawford, President of the A mine of information on forstatements of fact and opinion. University of Hawaii. $2.00. eign students and their prob- Contains material for six ses- Stratford Co., Boston. lems, prepared by the Commitsions. An invaluable aid in stim- tee on Friendly Relations among ulating general participation in An exceedingly constructive Foreign Students. group discussion. and authoritative study of eco- nomic and educational tensions Valuable Booklets and A Course on Orientals in the United in Hawaii. Leaflets States. Paper, 25 cents. Can Nations be Neighbors? By David Further Development of Race Con- For groups of young people Livingston Crawford. $1.50. Strat- tacts in Hawaii. By Romanzo and seniors. Based primarily on ford Co., Boston. Adams, 15 cents. "Out of the Far East." A somewhat new approach to the problem of international re- lations by one who, from inti-

OUR MISSIONARY BOOKSHELF

The Peoples of Hawaii. By same American home, school and gov- tutes one of the most vital pres- author, 50 cents. ernment, also come in for criti- ent-day sociological problems. cism and appraisal but all is The migration of any large The Chinese Population in Hawaii. said with a sense of humor and group of human beings is a By H. L. Shapiro, 30 cents. a desire to be just and friendly. matter of concern to the social He sees America's greatest hope scientist. Invariably there is Aliens in the United States. By Jo- in her youth and the mixture of compulsion, usually economic. seph P. Chamberlain, 20 cents. races. The book is one which When the migration is not to- Americans should read with rel- ward a frontier but from one Memorandum on Chinese Students in ish and profit. Many of Dr. heavily populated region to an- U. S., 10 cents. Park's remarks give us reason other even more heavily popu- to stop and think. Here is one: lated, there is certain to be These and other valuable ma- "In old days, the Christian mis- economic and cultural conflict. terial may be secured from the sionaries used to tell us Chinese And when the emigrating group American Council Institute of that it is a heathen practice to is of a minority race the effect Pacific Relations, 129 E. 52d St., worship idols or to bow down to not only upon the newcomers New York City. wood and stone. Maybe it is. but also upon the inhabitants of But the worship of the idol is lands both left and sought is Second Generation Orientals in Amer- harmless when compared with enormous. This bibliography is ica. By William B. Smith, 25 cents. the worship of an actress." very complete, carefully indexed Missionary Education Movement. and bears witness to the im- New York. Four books recommended by portance of the subject. Dr. Geo. Hinman: Magazines S. M. ZWEMER. Japanese in California. By E. K. MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE Strong, Stanford University Press, Totaram. The Story of a Village Boy 1933. $2.00. in India Today. By Irene Mott WORLD for June and July. Bose. 8 vo. 117 pp. $1.90. Mac- The Second Generation Japanese Millan. New York. 1933. The denominational maga- Problem. By E. K. Strong, Stanzines contain valuable material. ford UniVersity Press, 1933. $2.00. This pleasing story of a village boy in India is from the pen of The Chinese 'Christian Student, Very accurate and informing a daughter of Dr. John R. Mott. Japanese Student Bulletin, Filipino in most respects but inaccurate Mrs. Bose, who was formerly a Student, Korean Student BuUetin. in the account of the Protestant Y. W. C. A. worker in India, has work being done. caught the atmosphere of village These four magazines available at life and shows a real understand- $2.50 per year from Committee on Oriental Exclusion. By R. D. Mc- ing of the language, some cus- Friendly Relations, 347 Madison Ave., Kenzie, University of Washington. toms and folk-lore familiar to New York City. Chicago University Press. the Indian boy. The result is not a missionary story but is a suc- An Oriental View of American Civil- This is a 1927 book and very cessful attempt at sympathetic ization. By No-Yong Park (Pao), fine for the period it covers. interpretation. After all, a boy Ph.D. 8vo. 128 pp. $1.50. Hale, in India is very much like other Cushman & Flint. Boston. 1934. The Japanese Problem in the United boys except for his surround- States. By H. A. Millis, 1915. ings, his early training, his be- This "friendly critic" is a liefs and his customs. The dif- Chinese, a Harvard Ph.D. who Probably the best of the older ferences make him more intermeasures American life, man- books. esting but the similarities make ners and thought with a Confu- him more understandable. cian yardstick: the Doctrine of MISCELLANEOUS BOOKS the Mean. His criticisms are Jothy. The Story of the South Indian frank and intelligent, though in A Bibliography of Negro Migration. Jungle. By Charlotte Chandler some cases unbalanced. He By Frank Alexander Ross and Wyckoff. 305 pp. $2. Longmans points out the faults of Ameri- Louise Venable Kennedy. Columbia Green. New York. 1933. cans-lack of reserve, amuse- University Press. New York. 251 ment craze, speed mania, extrav- pp. $5.00. This missionary, the daughter agance, love of advertising, of a missionary in India, shows greed for gold, "idolatry," ma- Of making surveys there intimate knowledge of South Interialism, lack of respect for seems to be no end, and yet they dian life such as is only possible parents, unworthy ambition and are the basis of conclusive think- to one born and brought up laxity in morals. He calls atten- ing in regard to many pressing among the girls of an Indian viltion to the lack of "Chinese po- problems in home and foreign lage. Miss Wyckoff has written liteness, Japanese modesty and missions. This Bibliography is an attractive story that gives an European polish." Race preju- the fifth volume on Negro Migra- understanding view of Jungle dice is another fault. Women tion produced by the Department life. She thus opens the way for are criticized for aping the men of Sociology at Columbia Univer- a delightful contact between and their vices. sity. Earlier volumes dealt with American children and their the facts. The constantly in- American virtues, as Dr. creasing presence of colored peo- Park sees them, include bound- ple in our northern cities constiless energy, good sportsmanship, progressiveness, optimism, organizing ability. Women are admired for their versality and freedom from convention. The

brothers and sisters in a far dif- The scope of the enquiry is all is! That is Africa in 1934.

ferent environment. The word reassuringly broad. The socio- When we come to the part pictures, illustrated with pen logical problem is convered in played and to be played by and ink drawings, bring us into the report by Mr. Coulter, the Christian missions in the solu- fellowship with an Indian child's economic problem by Mr. Robin- tion of all these problems we experiences at weddings, festi- son, and the problem of govern- come close to the heart of the vals, travel by bullock cart, home ment by Mr. Marquard. Mr. whole question. For this reason life, and school adventures. The Davis deals with the historical was the inquiry made. African story has a Christian as well as background at the opening of religions are weakening, are the report, and closes it with the likely soon to be largely swept an Indian flavor. final hundred pages devoted to away. Christianity should re- Modem Industry and the African. the problem of missions. By J. Merle Davis. 425 pp. Mac- place them. Is it? Will it? millan. New York. The social factors in the situ- This inquiry reveals a not too ation are in a state of flux. Socially, nothing is more im- Thousands of men and hundreds happy picture of the past. It portant in these momentous days of women are being drawn from for Central Africa than correct, tribal environments into min- seeks to point a more hopeful sympathetic understanding of ing areas where family and way for the future. Of its 75 the widely varied elements en- tribal sanctions and customs are specific recommendations we retering into its amazingly rapid produce six here in whole or in part :* change of this generation. Re- largely overlaid by increasing No.3….. The missionary who minligiously, the missions have a isters to the natives on the copper deposits of urban life. Men at belt should be equipped with training responsibility in this connection the end of their contracts or in in social welfare, recreation, social comparable to that borne by gov- a time of general depression, hygiene and community planning, and ernments politically. The Church such as the present, go back to be prepared to understand the bearis therefore tightly tied into the ing of the social needs of the people their tribal areas there to con- upon the growth of the Church both study now under review. form externally in many ways at the mines and in the rural areas, J. Merle Davis, formerly asso- and to plan his work with the prob- but write an inner seething that lems as a whole in view. No. 14. The Commission wish to ciated with the Y. M. C. A. in spells fundamental change in Japan and director of the Insti- this generation. Family life is call attention to the poverty of the tute of Pacific Relations, is now disintegrating through long pe- social life of a native community which is cut off from its rural and head of the International Mis- riods of marital separation, dis- tribal environment. It considers a major task of the Church to be to sionary Council's Department of ease is 'coming in, morals are enrich this social life, to organize it Social and Industrial Research in wholesome channels, and to strive with headquarters at Geneva. lowering, racial bitterness is to create a new network of native in- Created largely through the ef- growing. These and other dis- abilities can hardly be out- terest which will serve as a founda- tion for urban native society. forts of Dr. John R. Mott, this weighed in the specific benefits department's first major under- No. 19. Missions are urged to study taking was an inquiry, gener- conferred by association with how the essentials and standards of ously financed by the Carnegie the mining developments; great- the Christian way of living can be er inaividualism, manual skill, Corporation of New York and some slight education, larger disentangled from the inessentials and peculiar standards which have grown the Phelps Stokes Fund, into the cash income, three-pound in- around them during 1900 years of effect of the copper mines of crease in average bodily weight, European civilization, and how they Central Africa upon native so- m 0 r e bicycles, phonographs, can be readapted to the present social and economic needs of an Mrican ciety and the work of Christian sewing machines. This social people. side of the problem makes spemissions. Associated with Mr. cially insistent demands upon No. 38. Missions are urged to ad- Davis in this enquiry were Chits. dress themselves to the task of incul- W. Coulter, Professor of Soci- Christian missions. cating a Christian faith that evokes a ology at Ohio Wesleyan Univer- The very full treatment given greater depth of moral conviction and sity; Leo Marquard, history loyalty to principl~ faith that will master at Grey College School, the economic and governmental hold the native Christian when sub- Bloemfontein; Ray E. Phillips, aspects of the problem deserve jected to the new and tremendous careful study by all who would moral strains of the copper belt. His missionary and welfare worker, understand mod ern Africa. position is rendered all the more peril- ous by the absence of his own social Johannesburg; E. A. G. Robin- There depicted are samples of and moral controls and by his sudden son, fellow of Sidney Sussex Col- the great wealth currently being introduction to a pagan European so- lege and Lecturer in Economics produced by t hat contInent, ciety. No'. 43. The Commission believe it in the University of Cambridge; and of the industrial penetra- to be of the highest importance that tion which is making itself felt the missionary work of the Protestant and Miss Mabel Shaw, O.B.E., throughout its len g t hand Free Church societies on the copper Principal, Livingstone Memorial Girl's School, Mberesbi. This breadth. The delicate and dif- belt be united under the care of one group spent the second half of missionary society. In carrying out 1932 in Africa, mostly in the ficult problems faced by govern- this policy, however, certain conditions ments are also set forth, with would require to be met….. two Rhodesias and South Africa, with a short visit in the Ka- some of the successes and fail- No. 58. It is recommended that in ures registered. What a com- work for every type of community tanga Province of Congo BeIge. plex and contradictory picture it * Pages 377-389.

the central educational emphasis of with the author in some points. Charlotte R. Willard of Merzifon: missions should be directed toward Her Life and Times. Ernest Pye, preparing Bantu youth to serve the In general the volume is lacking Editor. 211 pp. $2.00. Illus. Revell, needs of the Bantu rather than Euro- in definite information as to New York. pean society. great personalities that have had a significant part in the mis- Miss Willard was a woman of These may give the tense, but sionary movement. For example, high adventure, a professor of a reading of the lot is necessary reference to the Student Volunbefore a full view can be had of teer Movement includes no infor- Carleton College who spent a this inquiry and report. It is mation as to where or by whom a thoroughly scientific document it was founded, and as much sabbatical year in a mission stawarmed, as to the future, by the space is given to the recent Lay- tion in Asia Minor and found Christian's grounded optimism men's Inquiry as to the S. V. M. her work so worthwhile that she as regards the Church and its which has proven its value for devoted her life to the cause. She mission. nearly half a century. was a missionary of the Amer- ican Board from 1898 to 1930 in The past is depicted; a future Each field is taken up sep- Merzifon, Anatolia, Asia Minor is sketched. The inquiry is and her contribution to human made, the report is out. Now arately with some information welfare was remarkable-Miss what? From mines, govern- Willard as teacher in Anatolia ments, missions-what answer? as to its land, people, language, College, principal of the Girls' School, director of the King EMORY Ross. history, government and present School for the Deaf, author, pub- conditions. There is very little lisher, manager of mission build- The Christian Mission in the Modern reference to the non-Christian ings and property, caring for World. By William David Scher- religions but considerable atten- twelve hundred orphans and for merhorn. 8 vo. 360 pp. $2.50. Ab- tion is given to the present eco- thousands of sick solders, coura- ingdon Press. New York. 1933. nomic and social problems. The geously and successfully daring progress of Protestant missions great danger and hardship to This modern history of Prot- in each field is described briefly rescue forty – eight Armenian estant Christian missions opens but with little reference to great girls that had been "deported," with a brief history of the rise missionary pioneers. There is providing industries for destiand growth of Christianity, and little mention of Carey and Jud- tute women and children, visitthe evangelization of Europe up son, and none of Hudson Taylor, ing officials and villagers and to the Reformation. Then there Eliza Agnew, Laws of Living- everywhere radiating love and follows a list of the various Prot- stonia, Henry Jessup of Syria, hope and Christian faith. She estant missionary agencies and a or Bishop Pattison. More space also had her quiet times for brief study of the progress of is devoted to some of the modern prayer and Bible study and knew Christianity in various lands- developments and their leaders well her God and her fellowmen. geographically considered. There -like J. W. Pickett, of India, are ten outline maps, an index, and Frank Lauback, of the Phil- Dr. Pye, the editor, has artisand a bibliography which is use- ippines; almost no attention is tically woven together the tribful but not very discriminating. given to the growth of woman's utes written by many hands. One work in missions. of the most significant chapters Dr. Schermerhorn has spent is "The 'Joy Nest'-Its Rules five years in India and has been Dr. Schermerhorn says in con- and Motto," a social experiment a teacher in Garrett Biblical In- made by four Turkish girls. stitute, Chicago. He was also clusion that· his survey has Light is given on such questions one of the group that visited the shown certain things: (1) That the essence of Christianity is to mission fields to study the share. [Is it not rather to wit- as: Can Christian missions sucyounger churches in foreign ness and teach?] (2) That ceed in a Mohammedan country? lands. This history of missions Christian Missions are restricted Why and how did the Turks alshows that the Author is sym- and impoverished by enemies most annihilate the Armenian pathetic with the attitude of the within and without its rank. nation in 1915? What is the mis- Laymen's "Re-thinking M i s- [But the enterprise receives its sionary doing for international sions" and seeks to present the life, direction and power from and inter-racial peace and goodsubject from a "modern" view- the Holy Spirit.] (3) That the will? How can a school which is point, but with "the conviction progress of Christianity has been forbidden to have direct relithat Christ is Saviour both of marked by periods of expansion, gious teaching winsomely premen and of nations." arrest and reform. [It is also sent Jesus Christ as the Divine The volume is interesting for marked by definite and repeated Saviour from sin? What obligaits facts rather than for its spiritual revivals.] (4) Impor- tion and opportunity does the opinions. While most of the tant lessons are learned from Christian Church now have for facts presented are familiar to past experiences. [These are bringing the good news of Jesus students of missions, it is an ad- worthy of attention.] (5) We and His redemptive love to the vantage to have"them marshalled are coming to grips with pres- ambitious, progressive, war-harin a clear and concise presenta- ent-day social and economic assed, bandit-ridden and economtion. Conservative Evangelicals problems. [This is needed but ically depressed peoples of the and historians will not agree should not be over-emphasized.] new Turkey? C. H. DERR.

Items 1M MtJI.TIPUED SMALL

(Concluded from page 257.) There Are Finaneial Besourees Dr. Cheng Ching-yi has resigned as for encouraging your ilnportant enterprise General Secretary of China's National Christian Council. Dr. Cheng was OUR DIME INLAY BOOKLETS both prophet and leader of the "Five- Year Movement," and his successive Offer the Attractive. Convenient and Inexpensive Method by which this fact has elections as Moderator of the General been attested over and over again by many Churches, Sunday-sehoola, Miuionary Assembly of the Church of Christ in Boards and other organizations. By the same method you may obtain the funds China from its inception, indicate his you need. These Neat and Sturdy Coin Booklets have capacities for outstanding ability. He now plans to place his services more widely at the Ten DiDles, Twenty DiDles, Fifty DiDles, and disposal of the United Church of Quarters, DiDles, and Nickels Christ. and a Complete List 'of Offering Helps, including Banks. Protected Slot Dr. Philip A*lle*n S*wartz, minister Offering Envelopes. Penny Strips, Folding Boxes and Collapsible Novelties of the First Congregational Church, GOODENOUGH & WOGLOM CO. LaGrange, Ill., has been elected Secretary of the Federal Council of Church and Sunday School Supplies Churches. His major responsibility Dept_ 3 296 Broadway, New York will be the financial problems of the Council. Samples and Prices on Tequest *** ciety in China for sixteen years, died 'Can I Know God. Frederick B. in Germantown, Pa., March 31. Dr. Fisher. 140 pp. $1. Harpers. Miss Alice Pettee Adams, founder Humphreys had served at Yachow, at New York. of "Hakuaikai," a social center in Ningyuenfu and at Chengtu where he Okayama, Japan, who has six times served on the faculty of Union Uni- An Afdcan Prophet. The Ivory Coast received recognition from the imperial versity Medical College. Because of ill Movement and What Came of It. government, is now to have a bust health he retired in 1925. W. J. Platt. 28. 6d. Student Chrisplaced on exhibition beside other nota- tian Movement Press. London. bles, including Premier Saito. *** Contemporary Religious Thinking. Dr. Conrad *Ho*ffm*an is visiting Mrs. Hugh Taylor of Muang Mam, Edited by Frederick G. Bowers and Siam, died near the end of February Robert W. Searle. 212 pp. $2. Egypt and the Near East. Some six from a fever while traveling to Luang Falcon Press. New York. weeks have been spent in visitation of Prabang. Mrs. Taylor went to Siam different mission centers in Palestine, as a Presbyterian missionary in 1893. God and the Cosmos. Theodore and for study of the Zionist MQvement Graebner. 352 pp. $3. Eerdmans. and the Jewish problem as it exists *** Grand Rapids. in that area. He hoped also to visit Beirut and Baghdad. Dr. Ahmed Fahmy, an Egyptian Gems of Gold. R. E. Neighbour. 378 who was a medical missionary in pp. $1.50. McMillen-Neighbour. China for over thirty years, died re- Elyria, Ohio. cently. He was the son of Moslem parents, and became a Christian at Modern Industry and the African. the age of eighteen. J. Merle Davis. 425 pp. Macmil- lan. New York.

Obituary Notes New Books The Queensgate Mystery. Grace Pett- man. 190 pp. 18. 6d. Pickering & Dr. J. Charles Humphreys, a work- Christian Missions and a New World Inglis. London. er of the Baptist Foreign Mission So- Culture. Archibald G. Parker. 321 pp. $2. Willett, Clark. Chicago. Religion in Shoes: Brother Bryan of Birmingham. Hunter B. Blakely. 186 pp. $1.50. Presbyterian Com- mittee on Publications. Richmond.

tltbt l{tng'5 jiu51nt55 Reconstruction of Religious Thought in Islam. Sir Mohammed Iqhal. 186 pp. $2.75. Oxford University Press. London.

published by Totoram. Irene Mott Bose. 117 pp. $1.90. Macmillan. New York.

BIBLE INSTITUTE OF LOS ANGELES The Use of Material from China's Spiritual Inheritance in the Chris- A monthly Bible Family Magazine with something in it tian Education of Chinese Youth. Warren Horton Stuart. $2.50. 210 for every member of the family circle pp. Oxford University Press, Shanghai Agency. I SSUED for twenty-live years without interruption. THE KING'S BUSI- NESS has consistently represented the best thought of the funda- The U. S. and the Carribbean Area. mental Christian churches of the nation. In addition to its Dana G. Munro. $2. 322 pp. World interesting contributions by leading teachers, evangelists and pastors, Peace Foundation. Boston. it prints every month several valuable departments, including: An International Lesson Commentary, Notes on Christian Endeavor, Daily Ways That are Dark. Ralph Town- Devotional Readings, Girls' Query Corner, Junior King's Business, and send. 336 pp. $3. Putnams. New Helps for Preachers and Teachers. Trial subscriptions (3 months) 25c; York. Annual subscriptions $1.50. The following premiums are at present The Letters and Journals of Samuel Marsden, 1765-1838. Illus. Maps. Edited by John Rawson Elder. 580 pp. 42s. Kiek. London.

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Address: ~bt 1{ing'1i 1Su1iint1i1i Keith L. Brooks' monthly magazine is something prophetic students never do without after seeing 558 South Hope Street Los Angeles, California one copy. Send 10 cents. year $1.00 BROOKS PUBLISHERS 2003 Addison Way Los Angelel, Calif.

[320 ]

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Starting now you may experience the comfort resulting from an income that is constant for life. The American Baptist Home Mission Society has yet to hear of any annuitant who felt that a mistake had been made in taking advantage of its Annuity Plan, but many have expressed satisfaction at having provided for the work of the Society without the formality of a will, while at the same time assuring themselves of a definite and regular income for life.

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Orientals in American Life A Friendship Press Text for juniors, dealing with Jap- anese both in Japan and in the United States. Contains By Albert W. Palmer, President Chicago Theological stories and lessons. Boards, $1.00; paper, 75 cents. Seminary; author of "The Human Side of Hawaii," etc. Rainbow Bridge An excellent general study of the various oriental people in the United States today. Contains a chapter on at By Florence Crannell Means, author "Reach and Hawaii that is unique. Cloth, $1.00; paper, 60 cents. Ring' and the stories in "Children of the Great Spirit." Out of the Far East A delightful reading book for children under twelve. By Allan A. Hunter, author of "Facing the Pacific," Tells the story of a Japanese family that came to Amer- "YoutYs Adventure," etc. ica. Illustrated by Eleanor Frances Lattimore. Ooth, $1.50; paper, 75 cents. A book of adventures in Christian friendship with Orientals in our midst. Shows the handicaps Orientals Oriental Friends in the must overcome and appreciates their struggles. Cloth, United States $1.00; paper, 60 cents. By Katharine Smith Adams, formerly director of Reli- Japanese Here and There gious Education in Christ Church, Greenwich, Con- necticut. By Margaret E. Forsyth, Associate in Religious Education, Teachers College, Columbia University, and Ursu) A Friendship Press Text for primary pupils contain- Moran, miJJionary in Japan. ing units of work on the Chinese, Japanese and the Filipinos. Gives teaching material and suggestions for worship. Cloth, $1.00; paper, 60 cents.

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The Missionary Review of the World — May 1934

1934

Ram Chandra at Allahabad Ethel Cody Higginbottom What I Found in Puerto Rico Charles S. Detweiler Making New Women in China Ida Paterson The Madura Mission Centenary.

Emmons E. White The Crisis and Opportunity in Spain Harry Strachan The Mountain Preacher and His Problem L. C. Kelly

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Church and Sunda:r School Suppliu Dept. 3 296 Broadway, New York Samples and Prices on Tequest THE ROUTE PREFERRED Dates to Remember and in September will go on his way to Belgium, Sierra Leone, the Sudan, SINCE 18401 May 2-B-Thirteenth National Con- and West Africa. In 1935 he plans to vention, Y. W. C. A. of America. visit South Africa, India, the Philip- Cross Cunard to England ••• Philadelphia, Pa. pines, China and Japan.

and embark at London in a great May 15-17-Community Church Work- ••• ship of this Line that tradition- ers of the U. S. A. Kansas City, Mo. ally and for nearly a century has The Rev. F. W. March has completed carried the vanguard of the May 20-26-Church Conference of So- sixty years as an honored missionary Church eastward to all the lands cial Work, Kansas City, Mo. of the Presbyterian Church, U. S. A. beyond Suez. P & 0 Liners, of in Syria. He reached Beirut on Notransatlantic size and comfort, May 23-29-Northern Baptist Con- vember 18, 1873. Dr. Daniel Bliss also stand for the Progress ofthe West vention, Rochester, N. Y. spent 60 years in Syria and Mrs. in scores of tropic ports and teem- Cornelius Van Dyck 76 years. ing harbours of the Indian Ocean May 24-29-General Assembly, Presand the Pacific. Natives measure byterian Church in U. S. A. Cleve- ••• land, O. time by their swift and sure The Ven. Lan Tiang Hu, Archdea- June 7-12-General Synod, Reformed con of Hankow, "the Bishop's rightarrival. Low rates and new, fast, Church in America. Grand Rapids, hand man," and the Rev. Suei Ch'iang luxurious ships make the voyage Mich. Huang of Hankow, have been celean exceptional value. brating together the fortieth anniver- June 20-27-General Assembly, Unit- ed Presbyterian Church. Oxford, O. . . . sary of their ordination.

June 20-27-Summer School of Mis- The Rev. Samuel A. Motlett, D.D., sions, Winona Lake, Indiana. is retiring from active service in June 21-27-General Council of the North Korea at the age of seventy, Congregational and C h r i s t ian after forty-four years as a mission- Churches. Oberlin, O. ary under the Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions. He is a true Chris- June 26-27-Union of Reformed tian pioneer who has had a large part Church in the U. S. and the Evan- in building up a spiritual church in gelical Synod of N. A. Cleveland, Ohio. Korea. ••• August 4-10-Baptist World Congress. Dr. Hubert 'c. Herring, Secretary Berlin. of the Department of Social Relations of the Congregational Education So- PENINSULAR August 21-24-Tenth National Con- ciety, has been elected Associate Edi- AND ORIENTAtAND vention, Evangelical Brotherhood, tor of the Cemgregatimudist and Evangelical Synod of N. A, Mil- BRIrISH'1 NDIASTEAM waukee, Wis. • • Herald of Gospel Uberty. NAVIGATION COM PAN IES August 21-26-General Conference, • Regular sailings from London, Seventh Day Baptist Churches. GiJ>raltar and Marseilles to India. Salem, W. Va. Miss Wu Yu Chen, a graduate of Ceylon. Burma, Straits Settle- Bridgman. Academy and Yenching meJ,lts, China, lapan, Australia, Personal Items University, has won a Fellowship in lVew Zealand, Egypt, Sudan, the N~w York School of Social Work- Persian Gulf, East and South Dr. E. J, Pace, the Christian car- ers and is coming to America for Africa, etc. toonist, evangelist and Bible teacher, further study. She is a Christian is starting on a two year tour of the pioneer who has been conducting a Complete informationfrom mission fields. He expects to conduct rural center in China, living the sim- Yout LOcal Agent or Bible conferences in Ireland, Scotland ple life and trying to help native in- and England from April to August dustries, improve home recreation and ~IJNARD~LINE defeat illiteracy.

(Concluded em pa.ge t09.) TELL OTHERS "PROPHECY!!

Of Christ's birth and death for sinner. by means of Keith L. Broob' monthly magazine i. something TRAcrS that tell the Gospelatory. prophetic trudents never do without after seeing one copy. Send 10 cents, year $1.00 Work for all. in the field at your very door. GENERAL AGENTS We .hall be glad to get ,au srarted. Wrire at once. BROOKS PUBUSHERS 25 Broadway New York Sample Pac:kale 25c. 2003 Addison. Way Loa Anaelea, Calif.

FAITH, PRAYER andTRACT LEAGUE MUSKEGON HEIGHTS, MICH.

MISSIONARY AGENTS WASTED 10 DAYS TO YOKOHAMA

REVIEW OF THE WORLD shortest Pacific crossing . . • by THE MISSIONARY REVIEW can sister-ships, Empress of Asia and DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Editor be sold in quantities to every Mis- Empress of Russia. Or via Hono- lulu in 3 days more on the Pacific VOL. LVII MAY, 1934 No.5 sionary Society. It furnishes infor- speed queen, Empress ofJapan, or mation in brief, interesting form for on Empress ofCanada. Publication and Business Office leaders and discussion groups. Why Third and Reily Sts., Harrisburg, Pa. not act as our Agent in your church Luxurious First Class, excellent or community? You can advance the Tourist Class, 10w-costThirdClass. Editorial and Executive Office cause of Foreign Missions, and at the FREQUENT SAILINGS _.. from Van- 156 Fifth Avenue, New York City same time earn a liberal commission. couver (trains to ship-side) and Entered as second-class matter at Victoria. Orient fares include pas- Post Office, Harrisburg, Pa., under Act Address-Circulation Manager, sage from Seattle. Orient ports-of- of March 3, 1879. call: Yokohama, Kobe, Nagasaki, 25 cents a copy-$2.50 a year. The Missionary Review of the World, Shanghai, Hong Kong, Manila. Foreign Postage, 50 cents a year. Reduced round-trip fares Published monthly, except August. Third and Reily Streets, Booklets, information •.. from your All rights reserved. Copyrighted 1934. local agent, or any Canadian Pacific Harrisburg, Pa. agent: NewYork,Boston,Chicago, MISSIONARY REVIEW PUB- St. Louis, San Francisco, Montreal, LISHING CO., INC. Personal Items Toronto, Vancouver, Winnipeg, and many other cities in United BOARD OF DIRECTORS (Concluded from 2d cover.) States and Canada. ROBERT E. SPEER, President WM. 1. CHAMBERLAIN, Vice-President The Rev. Arthur V. Casselman, Go "Empress" .•. choice of two routes W AvrER McDoUGALL, Treasurer D.D., has been elected Secretary of DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Secretary the Board of Foreign Missions of the SAMUEL MCCREA CAVERT Reformed Church in the United States MRS. ORRIN R. JUDD to succeed the late Dr. Allen R. Bar- WM. B. LIPPHARD tholomew. ERIC M. NORTH MILTON T. STAUFFER '" * * A. L. W ARNSHUIS SAMUEL M. ZWEMER Dr. H. Paul Douglass, formerly one of the secretaries of the Congrega- Editorial Chat tional Home Mission Boards, and re- cently one of the members of the staff The Annual Foreign Missions Con- of the Institute of Social and Religious ference, which met at Garden City Research, has been elected Chairman in January, appointed the following of the Field Department of the Fedmembers to cooperate with the Editor eral Council of Churches. of THE REVIEW on the Editorial Council, in the presentation of foreign mis- *** sion topics: Dr. William Bancroft Hill (Reformed), Dr. John H. Lang- Dr. Nicol Macnicol of Edinburgh dale (Methodist), Rev. Wm. B. Lipp- has accepted the invitation of the hard (Baptist), Dr. Mills J. Taylor Kennedy School of Missions at Hart- (United Presbyterian) and Miss Flor- ford Seminary to hold a lectureship ence G. Tyler (Secretary, F. M. C.). on India for the year 1934-35. For over 30 years a missionary of the *** United Free Church of Scotland, sta- tioned in Poona, Dr. Macnicol under- That many readers of THE REVIEW stands the life and thought of India. continue to find in the magazine inspiration and useful information is ** * evident from the many letters received in THE REVIEW office. Here Rev. Thomas Cocker Brown, of are a few samples. They are en- Shanghai, for the last four years the couraging. Secretary of the China Council, has been appninted Foreign Secretary of "The February REVIEW is a fine is- the London Missionary Society for sue. I have enjoyed going through it China and Africa. Mr. Brown is the very much indeed. It seems to me son, grandson and great grandson of you are improving the REVIEW right L. M. S. missionaries to Africa. straight along." Rev. Brayton* C.*Ca*se, Baptist mis- FRANKLIN D. COGSWELL, Secre- tary, Missionary Education sionary in Pyinmana, Burma, was Movement, New York. decorated with the Ka.isa.r-i–Hind sil- ver medal, awarded by the Governor- '" * '" General of India for "distinguished public service in India." Mr. Case is "In view of heavy cuts and heavier superintendent of the Pyinmana Agresponsibilities, I felt I could not re- ricultural School, and has been innew my subscription to THE REVIEW, strumental in fostering rural reconbut the February and March numbers struction work throughout Burma. are 80 fine I just can't let it go-notably Dr. Watson's and Dr. Glover's * * '" articles. Dr. James H. Franklin, for twenty- "If only there might by a wider two years Foreign Secretary of the reading of your valuable magazine!" American Baptist Foreign Mission Society, is resigning June 1st to ac- (Signed) IDA M. VAN DEUSEN. cept the presidency of the Crozer The- Scotia, N. Y. ological Seminary, Chester, Pa. Dr. Franklin has made a number of trips * * '" to the Orient and has been especially influential in developing internation- Don't miss the June REVIEW which al, interracial and interdenominationwill be devoted to "Orientals in Amer- al fellowship in connection with his ica"-a remarkable series of articles. missionary secretaryship.

[209 ]

GEM CITY OF THE

Pineville, Ky., nestling in the mountains, four miles from Clear Creek Mountain Springs. Pine Mountain Is cut here by the Cumberland River. Down the river runs the Old Wilderness Train. Daniel Boone and Dr. Thomas Walker came this way via Cumberland Gap, the first white men who crossed there into Kentucky. Over this trail Craig and His Traveling Church came from Virginia to Blue Grass Kentucky.

ONE CLASS OF THE CLEAR CREEK MOUNTAIN PREACHERS' SCHOOL Lower row has three visitors and two members of the faculty. These men show their native ability, and are God's great challenge to the people of larger opportunities. (See page 232.)

NARY

REVIB ORLD VOLUME LVII AN INTERDENOMINATIONAL REVIEW OF WORLD-WIDE CHRISTIAN PROGRESS NUMBER FIVE MAY, 1934 Topies of the Times CUTS THAT CURE the powerful forces arrayed against Israel, the people of God? It is clear that we cannot depend There are cuts that cut deep and bring disable- on human resources to win in the conflict against ment or death. There are other cuts, made by a godlessness. Three hundred wholly in the hands of skilled surgeon, that may cut deep but bring new God are more effective than thirty-two thousand health and more abundant life and fruitage. This whose thoughts are selfish or whose purposes are is true of the vine and branches. It is true of the divided. Are any enlisted in the Christian army human body and the body politic. It is true of the at home or abroad who are weak in loyalty or in- Church and the missionary enterprise. All such capacitated for active service? If so let them recuts are painful and unpleasant. Some times they turn home. Are we depending on organization, on are necessary and may be beneficial if they do not numbers, physical equipment, financial strength or hinder vital functions. human strategy? We need to learn that our hope Individuals and families, churches and Mission of victory lies, not in these resources, but in the Boards have been facing the vexing problem as to light released, the trumpet testimony and the how they may cut expenses, activities, personnel, Sword of the Spirit, which is the Word of God. without interfering with life and service. It is a painful process and one that awakens deep sym- There are cuts that cure. but there are also cuts pathy. Can the operation be performed so as to that damage and destroy. Is it not time for Chris- effect a cure? Possibly some useless or seemingly tians at home to ask the Great Physician and Sur- harmful excrescences may be eliminated in our geon to use His pruning knife, His lancet, to re- budgets and activities but-there are other vital move that which makes our lives weak and ineffec- functions that are also endangered. The practiced tive and then to guide in any necessary cuts in eye and hand of a wise and courageous surgeon is missionary budgets-in personnel, equipment, sal- required to avoid irreparable damage. aries-so that no harm may come to the body of Many Mission Boards have already cut their Christ or to the work which He has committed budgets one-fifth to one-half. This means the re- His Church. Is there not danger that some of the call of workers, the reduction of needed support, cuts are due to those who rob the God's treasury the closing of stations, the withdrawal of help by withholding tithes and offerings? Noone who from young and growing churches. This is not notes the American expenditures for comforts and the first time such operations have been faced. luxuries, for motives and movies, for tobacco and Sixty years ago Dr. F. F. Ellinwood, Secretary of candy, for cosmetics and jewelry, can claim that the Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions, the reduced gifts to missions and other work of wrote to the Syria Mission that Board income had Christ have been due wholly to our economic dis- so diminished that it was doubtful if new mission- tress. There are the places where cuts may be aries could be sent out and the needs of the field be made to cure our spiritual weakness and diseases.

met. Such a policy would discourage volunteers, Such courageous operations would save the slashes weaken the interest of the Church and handicap that may dim the eye that looks on the field, workers at the front. But the crisis passed and deafen the ear that should hear the call, may cut the work went on and grew. off the hands that serve or the feet that carry the Is there a lesson for present day surgery to be Good Tidings, even if such cuts do not reach the found in the story of Gideon and the Midianites, heart and the centers of life. It is worth while to [211 ]

cut off excrescences and diseased members when depression and no deficits in missionary and becuts are necessary, rather than to cut into living nevolence treasuries. Today America is spending tissues that are vital to health and service. nearly as much for one battleship as the Prot- estant churches in America give to foreign mis- WHY A LACK OF MONEY? sions in a year.

There is no dearth of money. It is as plentiful It is a startling fact that more men are under as it has ever been-or more so. The only differ- arms today and vaster sums are being spent on ence is that it is not as plentiful for certain pur- the war machines of the nations than before the poses as it has been and some people have not as World War. Is it not true, as the philosopher much as they once had. The trouble is that in the Hagel says, "We learn from history that we learn last few years the circulation has not been so con- nothing from history"? Experience may be the stant for fear has driven money into hiding or best teacher but nations seem to learn little from selfishness has diverted it into wrong channels. experience. Armaments have proved utterly in- effective in maintaining peace and yet we talk There is no need of figures to prove these state- peace and increase armaments. Even the United ments–consider the money spent today on mo- States has abandoned its program for the reduction picture shows and on various athletic con- tion of armaments and the other nations-Japan, tests. The Watchman-Examiner says: "Money Italy, France, Germany, Great Britain-are takseems plentiful for what people most desire. At a ing this as an excuse for doing the same. prize fight $500,000 can be taken in as gate receipts. If it is a vulgar sex novel, the circulation Contrast this with the cost of maintaining will run up to hundreds of thousands. If it is Christian missionaries as messengers of peace, at beer, the multitudes long for it and will find money home and abroad. If we would put the money to pay for it. If it is Sunday excursions, the trains spent on harmful drinks and baneful amusements are crowded. If it is Sunday baseball, there is a into uplifting Christian evangelism and education, record attendance. When it comes to missions or the financial part of economic and social problems paying five cents a week for a religious newspaper would largely be solved. If money spent on de- structive and selfish militarism could be put into -why, that is entirely another matter. We are constructive and unselfish programs for health, and righteousness, promoting friendship and intelforced to the conclusion that all church people are ligent Christian living, then there would be no poor and that all non-church people are rich!" dearth of candidates for missionary work and no lack of financial support for the cause of Christ. That is the natural conclusion when we look Why spend for a destructive battleship, that will only at the surface facts. In reality we know that be obsolete in a few years, as much as would endow money is not, and never has been, evenly distrib- a college to carryon constructive work for a hunuted. The Rich Man and Lazarus, the Rich Young dred years or more. Permanent advancement is Ruler, the Poor Widow and Her Mite, Peter and made not by physical might and great armies but the Lame Man at the Temple Gate, and other by the Spirit of God moving in the lives of men. Gospel stories reveal the truth beneath the surface. The movement of that Spirit is shown in the re- lease of funds for the spiritual work of Christ. But money is more generally available today for laying up treasures on earth, that men can CHRISTIAN CRUSADERS AT WORK* touch but that fade away, than it is for laying up treasures in Heaven that men cannot see and that William Green, President of the American Feddo not fade away. eration of Labor, has expressed the conviction of many when he said: "A spiritual recovery is more Let the government offer ten-year bonds to pay essential now for America than an industrial re- covery." 4 % interest and see the money pour in. Fig- Secretary of Commerce Daniel C. Roper states ure up the amount spent on alcoholic drinks and the same thing from another viewpoint when he for the accompanying advertisements and equip- said: "I have come to the conclusion that there ment. But it is most impressive to consider the will be no permanent economic recovery until there amount being wasted today on militarism! The has been a religious renewal in the United States cost of the World War was figured at $224,000,000 which will provide a foundation upon which to a day. The United States is even now spending build the new industrial order." The lack of in- $2,000,000 a day on its army and navy. It is safe tegrity and character on the part of many public to say that if all nations would spend on construc- servants is the cause of failure in government and tive work and on wages to labor even one half the amount now spent on armaments, munitions and • From Harry E. Woolever. editor of "The International Religious the maintenance of armies and navies, if men Press." would learn to love and to help, rather than to fear and destroy, then there would be no necessary unemployment, no excessive taxes, no world-wide

TOPICS OF THE TIMES

in business. The Chief Surgeon who attends untarily by those who have signed the Covenant President Roosevelt at the Georgia Warm Springs and becomes a responsible Crusader on quest to Foundation stated the conviction of millions of make the world Christian. scientific and professional men when he said, "Unless we build character in America at once, Amer- There are no salaried officers in this organizaica is lost." tion, no expenses except for office, postage, print- ing, and the care of correspondence. Everything These convictions, expressed by such men, has received goes to further the work of evangelizaled to the formation of a new "League of Prayer." tion. Those interested send gifts to make possible The forty men who formed the original League the furtherance of the task Christ has set for us. on January first began by praying for each other He only is exalted and to Him tens of thousands and the general good, studying the same Scrip- each month are turning in a renewed dedication tural reference each day, and putting their Chris- of life and attention to prayer and Bible reading. tian convictions to work. They signed a covenant The Crusade is joining older Christians with new promising at least once a week to try to draw disciples to carry the principles of Christ into someone else nearer to God. every activity of life.* This personal work was most enthusing and helpful, both objectively and sUbjectively. The PRINCIPLES FOR A SUCCESSFUL MISSION ambassador for Christ and the one to whom the Fifty years ago Protestant missionaries entered invitation was given felt the new glow of life. Korea and this year the Chosen Mission of the When those in the original group won others to Presbyterian Church, U. S. A., celebrates its fiftieth anniversary (June 30 to July 2). The Christ they had to accept the new recruits as mem- work has been remarkably successful in the numbers of the circle and so many were taken into the ber of Koreans won to Christ, in the extent and character of the educational work, in the develop- League and signed the covenant. Soon there was ment of self-supporting churches, in the leaders a veritable Christian Crusade as well as a League trained and enlisted for service, and in the way of Prayer. The number estimated to have signed Christian truth has permeated Korean life. The the covenant is now approaching a hundred thou- first missionary was a physician and others soon sand who have sent in their signatures to the followed, even though government edicts against headquarters. Christianity were still posted in the main street of Seoul. Today there are two large self-support- The first city where the crusade began in a gen- ing ana self-governing churches (Methodist and eral way was Elmira, New York, where the min- Presbyterian), with 3,579 church buildings, 122,- isters had covenant cards printed and presented 857 full members and 255,287 enrolled in Sunday the Crusade in their churches. The pastor of First schools. Some of the secrets of this eminently Methodist Episcopal Church, Cortland, New York, successful mission work are found in the basic sent in a list of 235. Ten business and profes- principles that, from the first, have dominated the sional men of Tampa, Florida, signed and sent for work in Korea. The principles of the Presbya thousand more cards to use among their asso- terian mission are set forth as follows in a little ciates. Thousands of women, from national lead- pamphlet which announces the coming anniverers to kitchen maids, have also signed. Other sary. These principles and some results include churches followed with large enrollments in the following: Wilkes-Barre, Pa., and Charleston, West Virginia, and elsewhere. Bermuda's Mid-Ocean Club was 1. Acceptance of the entire Bible as the inspired Word heard from through a member and other requests of God and as the basis for Christian fa#h and service. for cards came from Daytona Beach, Florida; Los Angeles, California; and Fargo, South Da- The whole Bible was early translated into the language kota. Granges, lodges, and patriotic societies took of the common people of Korea and sold broadcast. From up the work. A letter from a member of the the beginning systematic instruction in the Bible has been House of Representatives of Kentucky bears the one of the outstanding features of the work. As a rule names of fourteen men who have taken the cov- the entire church attends Sunday school and every memenant. ber is regularly enrolled. Last year 110,954 were enrolled in Bible study conferences of from five to twelve days This Christian Crusade is spreading. A group each, held in almost every circuit and in many of the of men in Cincinnati requested the privilege of individual churches. sending the story of it to every daily paper in the world published in English. A copy of this story 2. Personal witnessing stressed as the privilege and has been sent to the Christian wife of Chiang Kai- duty of every Christian. Shek, with a request to translate it into Chinese and send it to the papers of that nation. It has Active evangelism is expected of every member of the been sent to Germany and England, New Zealand, Mission. Widespread itineration has been maintained and South Africa. All of this has been done vol- • A Christian Crusade Guide has been prepared by university pro- fessors, editors, students, and business Crusaders, with daily Scrip- ture readings in several different countries and languages. The na- tional headquarters are at 716 National Press Building, Washington, D. C.

from the beginning, together with tract distribution and INDIAN EARTHQUAKE SUFFERERS the sale of Gospels. The growing Christian forces have The Red Cross and the Mission Boards are ap· been organized and led in a great variety of evangelistic efforts. The great majority of the 103,530 communicant pealing for relief and reconstruction work for the members of the Korean Presbyterian Church today have Bihar earthquake sufferers in North India. Later been won to Christ, not so much by the missionaries as by the personal witness of church members, whose lives, as reports give the number of deaths as over seven .well as their words, have borne convincing testimony to thousand. The earthquake extended over a terri- the saving power of the redemptive work of the Son of tory as large as Scotland and the disturbance was God. so great that extensive fissures were ·opened in the 3. The necessity of regeneration through the Holy earth and communications by road, railway and telegraph were completely cut off. Tirhut, Muzaf- Spirit, manifesting itself in transformed lives. farpur, Harzipur, Patna, Gaya, Sahabad and Believing that redemption through Christ involves the implanting of a new nature, a complete break with heathenism has always been insisted upon with no com- Saran suffered most. Besides the loss of over promise. This includes strict Sabbath observance and the fellowship of believers for true worship. 7,000 lives, many government buildings, schools, railroads, embankments and private houses were Prayer has occupied a very prominent place in the life damaged or destroyed. of the Korean Church; both individual and family prayers and the meeting together at daybreak for united prayer Bihar is one of the most neglected mission fields at the Bible conferences and evangelistic campaigns. in India so that the loss to Christian enterprises 4. The training of the children of the Church to furnish was comparatively small. The National Christian Christian leaders and to prepare for Christian life and Council Review (Nagpur, India) says: service.

The primary purpose of mission schools is not to evan- In the crowded districts of Muzaffarpur, Darbhanga, gelize non-Christians but to train up Christian leaders Monghyr and Purnea, where the population runs into from among the children of the Church. The academies twelve millions, missionaries number barely a score, and for boys and for girls and the higher institutions in which the Christian community is almost negligible. Champaran the Mission is cooperating, are conducted with the same and Saran are in similar case, and Bhagalpur and Patna purpose. Many of these Chrstian graduates are today are little better. Herein lies a call for a redistribution of occupying positions of leadership in the Church. the Christian forces ….. .

5. Medical work as an evangelizing agency. Churches and institutions into which life blood has been In the Presbyterian mission, the service of healing has poured are now in ruins, and the work of reconstruction always been an integral part of each station, and the mis- is a staggering task. The situation presents three special sion hospitals have been centres not only of healing but problems-immediate relief, temporary housing, and per- have in addition made a tremendous contribution to the manent reconstruction. To restore and reconstruct dam- work of the Church. Professional standards have always aged church and mission property will need on a rough been kept high and public health work and preventive estimate some £15,000, and it is doubtful if any substan- medicine have had their place. But both doctors and tial help will be forthcoming from public funds. In all nurses have recognized that the prime object of their serv- likelihood the appeal will ultimately be to Christian gen- ice is to bring men to a saving knowledge of Jesus Christ. erosity. Out of this evil there has emerged in a wonder- 6. Self-support, self-propagation and self-government. ful way a new spirit of communal good-will. Bihar has Believing that the Christians should shoulder the re- always been a friendly province and in this dark hour of sponsibility of carrying on the Church work, the policy of her need she has given an example in cooperation between the Mission has been to use mission funds for aggressive Government and people, creed and creed, class and class, evangelism. Care has been taken to develop the work on that gives good hope for the future. Christians, with a plane upon which the newly established church is able Hindus and Moslems, have contributed generously in money to maintain itself. The erection of church buildings has and personal service and all have shared alike in the meas- been left in the hands of the Korean congregations who ures of relief.

have built as they were able. The salaries of the ordained The Missions directly affected in the earthquake pastors are met by the congregations to which they minister. The services in the smaller country groups are area are: American Churches of God Mission, As- taken care of by voluntary lay leaders. Where the indi- semblies of God Mission, Australian Methodist vidual churches are too small to provide alone the salary Mission, Australian Nepalese Mission, Baptist of a pastor or evangelist, they are grouped together into Missionary Society, Brethren in Christ Mission, circuits, which unitedly support a man to give them pas- Church Missionary Society, Church of England toral care. Locally elected deacons and officers, an in- Zenana Missionary Society, Church of Scotland creasing number of whom who are receiving training in the Bible institutes, are responsible for the leading serv- Mission, British Churches of Christ Mission, ices and carrying on the preaching in many places. Christian Missions in Many Lands, Methodist This missionary experience in Chosen is better Episcopal Church, Methodist Missionary Society, than armchair theory. The progress has been re- Presbyterian Church of England, Regions B~yond markable and the Korean Christians have shown Missionary Union-, Santal Mission of the Northern courage, intelligence, loyalty and capacity for Churches, Society for the Propagation of the Gos- leadership. Other missions might well adopt these pel, Swedish Baptist Mission, Y. M. C. A., and principles in their work and adapt them to their Zenana Bible and Medical Mission.

particular fields. They are the tested principles Pray that this physical calamity may unite laid down in the New Testament, directed and men's hearts in closer bonds of sympathy and made fruitful by the Spirit of God. may bring spiritual blessings.

Madura Mission

By the REV. EMMONS E. WHITE, M.A. Aruppu Kottai, Madras Missionary of the American Board, 1917~ AVISITOR to Madura, South India, on Jan- hausted the resources of any unaided human uary 11 to 14, would have noted some agency, even the Government. It is easy tocriti- unusual excitement. A big parade, a pic- cise the mistakes of these pioneers: it would be turesquehistorical pageant and a crowd of five harder to emulate their indomitable faith. In the thousand people, listening to inspirational ad- early years of the Mission, cholera and other ill- dresses in an outdoor "pandal," would have helped nesses took many of their little band. There were to convince him that a real celebration was taking spiritual giants in those days! No account of the place. The Madura Mission of times is complete without the the American (Congregational) mention of the names of Todd, Board had just completed one Poor, Eckhard, Capron, Chand- hundred years of interesting ler, Tracy, Taylor, Howland, history. Noyes, Rendall, Chester, and In 1834 the Prudential Com- many other pioneer men and mittee of the Board resolved to women missionaries. They laid open a mission in the Tamil broad and enduring founda- country of India. The time was tions, and the great work at ripe. The great Roman Cath- Madura today is their monu- olic missions of the sixteenth ~ ment. The hardships they suf- and seventeenth centuries at -41 fered are illustrated in the Madura had fallen into decline touching story of Mrs. Todd's through dissensions a m 0 n g death. After fourteen months their French and Portuguese at Madura she became danger- priests, and the British Govern- ously ill and, in the hope that ment had just granted permis- sea breezes might save her, she sion for American missionaries was hurried, weak and in great to enter the country. The pain, by palanquin many miles Board's Mission at Jaffna, Cey- across the burning plains. But lon, therefore, sent Mr. and she grew rapidly weaker and Mrs. William Todd, Mr. Hois- her dying words, whispered to ington, Mr. Spaulding and her husband, were: three CeyIonese heIpers t 0 open A "TOWER-GATE" OF THE MEENAKSHI Friends in America perhaps will TEMPLE AT MADURA the work. They arrived in say 1 die a sacrifice to the cause of Madura on July 31 and selected that city as the missions, but …… 1 have simply done my duty to my center of the new mission. It was the largest city Lord, and no thanks are due me. Jesus is my hope; all of the district, a reputed capital in antiquity and is peace.

the seat of ancient Tamil learning. It was also Under a banyan tree near the sea, far from the one of the seven "holy" cities of Brahmanic Hindu- world's notice, lies her simple grave. All honor ism, with a great temple in the center covering 20 to the martyrs!

acres and dedicated to the goddess "Meenakshi" The pioneers saw beyond the traditional picture (Fish-eyed-Lady). Its lofty tower-gates were vis- of the missionary in a long black coat preaching ible for many miles over the surrounding plains. under a palm tree to half-naked savages; they envisaged the spirit and power of Christ as reach- In a land of an ancient, rich cultural heritage, side by side with an unparalleled combination of ing the whole community. If Todd and Hoisingappalling disease, illiteracy, poverty and of social ton today could alight from the train in Madura, injustices and other evils sanctioned by the dom- how amazed they would be over the fulfilment of inant religion, in the year-around heat of a blaz- many of their dreams! All around the city they ing tropical sun, the first missionaries faced a would gaze upon such Christian institutions as the stupendous task. To succeed would have ex- large church buildings, the men's and women's [ 215 ]

hospitals, the high school, normal school and in· education upon the Christians of outcaste origin dustrial school for girls, the American College in the Madura Mission is strikingly illustrated in with its beautiful grounds and that largest of the following comment recently volunteered by a training centers for young men, three miles south, conservative Brahman in Madura City: "We at Pasumalai. How they would rejoice over the Brahmans know that the Christian outcaste man fine body of 2,500 students in these institutions of is socially higher than his Hindu relative." Madura city alone! The Crowning Achievement In seeking effective ways of reaching the peo· pIe, the missionaries began with primary day- The Mission has rightly regarded the Indian schools. Soon half of the school-going population Church as the crowning achievement of its labors. of Madura were in these schools. At first the only At first, when the missionaries and their helpers available teachers were non-Christians, but the preached in bazaar and near temple, they met missionaries gave able supervision. In 1852, how- much strong opposition and even threats of vioever, a deputation from the American Board lence. But as the people came to understand better recommended that the Mission should reduce the preachers' real motives, this opposition gave radically this type of work and should concentrate way to respectful attention. Nevertheless evanupon evangelism and the creation of self-support- gelism was very difficult in Madura City, with its ing Indian churches. The Mission never regained concentration of conservative high-caste Hindus. the lost supremacy in primary education but in It was in the hundreds of outside villages, where 1872 was permitted to enter upon an era of ex- ninety per cent of India live as middle-class pansion in medical and higher educational work farmers and underprivileged outcastes, that the which has lasted to the present. missionaries found the best soil for building the national church. There have been no spectacular There were several predisposing causes for this "mass movements" in the Madura field, as in other expansion. First, a rapidly growing national parts of India. It has been mainly a story of church required more and better trained Indian steady growth, with here a few individual converts leaders. Second, there was a great popular de- and there almost an entire caste-group in a village. mand for the training which mission schools could Today the Christian community of the Madura give. Because the Christian community was Mission numbers 34,000, a small number comneither numerically nor economically strong pared with other neighboring Christian bodies. enough to supply all the students needed, a large Its real significance lies rather in the quality of proportion of the student bodies in mission the work accomplished. schools has always been Hindus and Moslems. Finally, by fulfilling certain technical require- Great Social Improvement ments, the Mission was able to secure for its schools a recognized status and an annual subsidy Although predominantly outcaste in origin, here from the Madras Government. This aid now and there groups and even whole churches have averages 20 per cent of the annual income, includ- been built up of middle-class Indians. In the ing salaries of missionary teachers. Christian rural boarding schools one may often note with interest that the pupils are from a dozen The Christian influence of these institutions has different castes. This does not imply that caste been far-reaching. Their graduates go into all as such is formally recognized in the Church. parts of South India and Ceylon as church work- These pupils eat the same food and live together ers, teachers in mission or public schools, lawyers, as one big family. public officials, medical workers, mechanics and in business. Most of them carry with them a The visitor to village churches of outcaste origin working knowledge of the Bible and of essential can always pick out the Christians from their Christian teachings into a land rife with supersti- Hindu relatives, wherever funds have permitted tion and social feuds. All over South India one the placing of resident Christian teachers or finds graduates who speak with great reverence Bible-women to give them continuous spiritual and affection of such missionaries as Washburn nurture. In neatness of personal appearance and of Pasumalai, Zumbro of the College, and Dr. Van orderly intelligent attention to a public address Allen of the Men's Hospital. The results of such they are outstanding. In literacy the Christian influences can never be conveyed by statistics, community far surpasses the non-Christian neighbut they constitute permanent elements in the bors; since 46 per cent of the Christians can read Kingdom of God in the Madura field. It should and write, as compared with ten per cent for be remembered that Mr. Gandhi's effective efforts India as a whole. Female literacy is proportiontoward the social betterment of the "Untouch- ately much higher. ables" have been largely inspired and reinforced by the work of missions. The effect of Christian Second, there is evidence of a strong spiritual life, as illustrated in giving for church support.

THE MADURA MISSION CENTENARY

GROUP OF ORDAINED MINISTERS OF THE SOUTH INDIA UNITED CHURCH NEAR MADURA, INDIA The one seated and wearing a cross on a black coat has had two years' training In college. The rest have had high school training, and all are theologically trained.

Coolie church-members, earning only 16 cents a weekly contribution! It is quite usual to see a day, cannot be expected to finance expensive member of a "coolie" family offering a basket of undertakings. People who live in the West with grain, representing handfuls salvaged from the its comparative abundance have little conception daily food needed for their bare sustenance. Durof poverty as it exists in the Orient. In the early ing April or May each church conducts its own years of the Mission the Christians' offerings were campaign to win its neighbors to Christ. There pitifully small. At present the number of indi- are many real opportunities to open work in new o vidual village groups which can entirely support villages, as well as a crying need to reinforce the a resident ordained Indian minister is small but older work, but the expense and the universal "deincreases yearly. Since the majority of such pression" handicap advance. At the recent Cengroups are thus unable, the six hundred fifty vil- tenary, these poverty-ridden churches, in gratilages where the Christians reside are federated tude to the American Board for a hundred years into thirty-three "pastorates," or parishes, each of generous aid, gathered a memorial fund of of which has its ordained minister. All contribu- about Rs. 36,000 ($12,000) for the purpose of tions for support go into a central fund from aiding local village congregations to provide themwhich the salaries of all these ministers are paid, selves with suitable houses of worship where inthe stronger churches thus helping the weaker. adequate ones, or none at all, exist. In 1917 the Mission transferred all of its village work to the Madura Church Council which is Another significant result of the Mission's composed of the church representatives and a few labors is the growth of Indianization. This is ordained missionaries. Subject to the Council's partly seen in the Indian urge toward church general oversight, each pastorate manages its union. In 1908 the Christians of the Presbylocal work. terian, Congregational, Dutch Reformed and Basel Missions in South India and Ceylon united to form The Spirit of Sacrifice the South India United Church, which riow has an aggregate community of about a quarter of a mil- And how the people give! A Western visitor lion members. But the urge did not stop there. to a village church "harvest festival" would see Since 1919 negotiations have been proceeding to sights that would bring to his eyes tears of both promote union between that Church and the joy and shame. A Bible-woman, often herself a churches of the Anglican and Wesleyan commuwidow with a family to support, out of a monthly nions in South India. The consummation seems salary of $4 will give 40 cents, in addition to her to be not far off and it is hoped to preserve in the

new United Church a union of the best in the governing body. The Sangam was inaugurated as episcopal, presbyterian and congregational forms part of the Centenary celebration. of government. The result will be a "constitutional episcopacy" and the number of Indian The nationals' warm appreciation for the aid Christians affected will approximate 800,000. given by American churches during the past cen- tury was remarkably proven by the fact that when Indianization of institutions in the Madura Mis- the Church Council elected its representatives to sion proceeds apace! In 1834, when the Mission the Sangam, although Indians might well have numbered only two men, with true American effi- coveted for themselves every seat, they proceeded ciency Hoisington elected Todd president and to elect all the "district" missionaries along with treasurer of the Mission, and Todd elected Hois- Indians to these seats! Moreover, they earnestly request the Western churches not to withdraw GIRLS CARRYING WATER IN THE R'URAL BOARDING radically their help during this transitional period, SCHOOL AT ARUPPU KOTTAI, SOUTH INDIA but to "stand by" in prayers, money and mission- aries. This desire for continued cooperation in ington secretary and auditor. The Mission has the new era may well be voiced in the recent words been organizing ever since! As the institutions of a veteran Indian minister of the Church Coungrew, managing councils with Indian representa- cil, himself of outstanding ability and vision: tives were devised, all subject to final control by the Mission. Now in 1934 the Mission, as a It is my humble opinion that a missionary in the field purely foreign body, has handed over responsi- will find ample work for him all his life, and that he will bility for all its diversified work to a newly con- ever pray that another lease of life be given him for fulstituted body called the "Sangam," of which the filling his Christian hope and desire for the redemption of membership must always be predominantly In- the land. dian. The College, however, now has a separate Comparative Statistics of Madura Mission* Area of field (square miles) ….. . 1884 1933 Population ………………… . 8,200 Villages …………………… . 381 Villages with S. 1. U. C. Christians 2,500,000 Churches and pray-houses ……. . 25 3,000 Missionaries ……………….. . 438 657 National workers …………… . 279 Hospitals and dispensaries ……. . 2 53 Annual treatments ………….. . 60,247 853 Schools ……………………. . 6 Pupils ……………………. . 171 Christian community ………… . 4,709 142,236 Literate Christians ………….. . 11,559 256 Church members ……………. . Indian Church contributions (in ru- 2,908 15,115 34,545 pees) …………………… . 16,294 16,058 12,231 40,694 • Figures are based on the Mission statistical tables for the par- tioular years, excepting for area, population and number of villages, which are only approximate.

.JOHN SCUDDER, M.D. .JOHN E. CHANDLER SAMUEL FAIRBANK ALLEN HAZEN Some of the Madura Mission Fathers

Chander ,at

By ETHEL CODY HIGGINBOTTOM, Allahabad, India Missionary of the Presbyterian Church in the U. S. A.

N ow that the time to depart had come, Ram high school education will be of no use to me if I Chander Charan was reluctant to leave stay here now." home. As he wandered aimlessly about the "Come on, Ram Chander," called his elder courtyard every inch had memories. Some of the brother, as he came from one of the low doorways.

low mud buildings were especially dear to him The younger man hastened to the corner of the because he had helped to build them. As a little courtyard, where stood the little shrine. He boy he had played hide and see'k here with his humbly bowed before it as he raised both hands, brothers and cousins, climbing all over the gently palms together, to his forehead. "Oh, Ganesh, sloping thatched and tiled roofs. Stimulated by bless me!" was his silent prayer to the god.

going to high school in the near-by town where He went to his mother and put both arms about houses were better than in his village, he had made her, as she threw hers around his neck. For a some improvements. "With its white-washed few moments they swayed together while the walls," thought Ram Chander, "and. the brick mother wept aloud.

tower rooms, it is the finest house in any village The elder' brother put a hand on each, as he around. The family like it now, although they did said again, "Ram Chander, come." The boy object to the disturbance." gently released himself, glanced around at his He wandered over to the cows and.patted each sisters-in-law and the little children with them; one lovingly. One pair of oxen were yoked, wait- made one sweeping salaam and then his eyes ing to go out to plow. His father stood near, ap- lingered for a second on his wife. Her covered pearing tired and bent as he watched his son with head was bowed and her whole body shook with affection. sobs.

Eager to get the parting over with, Ram The father and son embraced, first against one Chander looked at his mother to see if she were shoulder and then against the other, while the old ready. She disliked being over' the fire and man sobbed, "My son, oh, my son!"

seldom cooked now. What were daughters-in-law "Ai Father, ai Father," uttered Ram Chander.

for, if not to relieve their husbands' mother of Then he fled from the house, and from his desire drudgery? But today she had insisted that no to stay.

one but herself should prepare the samosas (fried The advice of his headmaster in the Govern- vegetable pie) for her beloved youngest son. "Be- ment High School in the near-by town had made loved Mother!" him decide to go to the Agricultural Institute; How girlish was his child-wife as she eagerly that and the example of a friend whose education prepared the pastry, stooping over the rolling pin had been counted as loss when he had remained and board. She carefully kept her sari down and in the village after finishing high school. So her back turned, so as not to show her face to her rapidly had this man deteriorated that, after five mother-in-law. How sad it had been when his years, he could scarcely speak English.

wife confided to him that morning before he got The eldest brother, his two sons, the son of the up, her pleasure that she was to help prepare his second brother, and other village boys were wait- lunch, rather than the other sisters-in-law. He ing in the oxcart, and shouted, "Quickly, Big recalled how she had nestled close to him and Brother, we will be late to school and you will said, with a sob, "What will I do without you? miss your train."

There will be nothing for me. But I shall hold Soon the eldest student was answering the ques- back my tears until you are gone." tions of his young admirers, and the oxen were With head bent low, she was now holding a being goaded into a trot. At the turn of the road cloth into which his mother was putting the leaf they looked back and saw the father leading his basket which held the samosas. oxen out to plow.

"I wish I hadn't planned to leave them," thought "Kismet," thought the student. "Men must Ram Chander, "and yet it will be wonderful to work and women must weep," forgetting that the take the course in the Agricultural College. My women also work. He would have been very [219 J

homesick that evening had not the seniors at the were breeding in it and reflected on the possible Agricultural College looked out for him. They consequences.

helped him to register and find his room, and He told his mother about the dispensary and showed him the farm. the doctor's care of the students' health. She Ram Chander was frightened when he came yawned and said, "But, Son, don't let him try his into my Bible class the next afternoon, for he magic on you. He isn't a Brahmin. If you get had never before been near a white woman, nor sick call a Vaid (medicine man) to cure you of had he ever been in a European home. To think the evil eye." that any woman would suppose that she could teach men! In vain Ram Chander tried to explain about a microscope and its value in diagnosing sickness. As I held the screen door open and encouraged He saw the children of the village with sore eyes, the class to enter, Ram Chander took off his shoes and wished that they could go to a dispensary for on the verandah. His long, drooping eyelashes treatment. He rebelled against the thought that lifted slowly, disclosing big brown eyes. His the village women spent their time in gathering penciled eyebrows, clear-cut features, arid smooth grass, or growing and chopping fodder for cattle brow were offset by his slender, frail figure. For which could give no milk for their underfed only a second his eyes met mine, as he followed babies. He was unhappy to see women carry big the other students into the room. He picked a baskets of fodder or cattle manure into the town path around the rugs, looked awestruck at the to sell for a pittance. Often that pittance was couch and its clean cushions, turned, stepped spent for radishes, cauliflower, or potatoes, which across a rug, and sat down on a hard chair. could have been grown in the village, had they known how to protect the produce from the por- Day by day we discussed many subjects in the cupines, rats, monkeys, and birds. He knew now Bible class-health, cleanliness, sanitation, tuber- that he could make a living at that when he had culosis, leprosy, sin, habit, truth, the value of time, finished his course. the home, the place of women and their education. At first Ram Chander looked at me with a worried When Ram Chander returned to the Institute pucker between his eyes, as though he feared lest and I expressed my hope that he had enjoyed a some evil spirit might come from me and devour good holiday, he frankly said, "No, Madam, I him. When I smiled in his direction he looked think it is better here at college." away with an alarmed expression. Meanwhile, he was learning many things in the laboratories, A few days later when we discussed Jesus' in the gardens, and on the athletic field. words, "A prophet is not without honor save in his own country," Ram Chander said, "Yes, that is the truth."

Back to His Village In time he joined the social service group that went out into the villages to help. Once he told When October came and with it vacation Ram us of what they were attaining-in two villages Chander, who had eagerly counted the days, left night schools had been set up; in a college classfor home. room another group of boys were taught each eve- There was the same village home, although the ning. On Saturday and Sunday afternoons groups whitewashed walls were now stained. It seemed of students went into villages with hoes; they so bare-no flowers, no vines, or shrubs. The opened drains, piled village refuse into baskets, high corner room and tower seemed small and paid boys to carry it to fields, where they buried meager. A discarded plow and some earthen jars it for manure and thus departed from the cus- occupied the lower room. The cattle seemed little toms of high caste men; they picked up a sick boy and useless compared with the big cows and oxen on his bed and carried him to the doctor; on sev- on the mission farm. He tried to tell his father eral occasions they paid for milk for sick patients, about them and about the agricultural methods whose family daily came to the dairy for it; they used-about the deep plowing, the manuring, the begged the farm manager to give work to men silos and the farm machinery. His father's atti- whose families were in especial need; they spent tude was, "That is interesting! But these things hours investigating the case of a boy, and found are only used to show off; no real farmer could that he belonged to a group of professional beg- use them. What is the use of our trying; we gars.

would only waste our time and money." As we discussed these subjects, one student an- For the first time the young man noticed the nounced: "But their greatest need for help is in- drain in the corner of the courtyard, into which side the homes and none of us men can enter flowed the dirty water from the cattle, bath and them."

dishpan. ·He remembered that it had always stood "Much could be done if the mothers would let there, but now he saw that flies and mosquitoes the girls go to school," said another student, add-

RAM CHANDER AT ALLAHABAD

ing, "but most of the older women laugh at the An enthusiastic shout, "Oh, that is good," came suggestion." from the whole class.

A member of the small, progressive Parsee com- At first we did not open our Bible class with munity, whose women were educated, said, "My prayer, as the students would not have under- sister is inspectress of girls' schools in Allahabad stood. But after Christmas one day as we gath- district." ered, Ram Chander with a shy smile asked, "Why "Aree!" exclaimed most of the class cheeringly, do we not pray in Bible class?" I told him that as they leaned forward not to miss hearing about we would if the class desired it.

this. Half the class responded, "Yes, please."

"But it is of no use," the Parsee continued. I asked for what they wished to pray.

"Teachers are found, schools are opened, a few One student said, "Pray for the freedom of girls attend, but when my sister. goes to inspect India"-meaning political freedom.

they are never in session. The teacher is enjoy- Another said, "May we pray for Mahatma ing herself, and the children are running about the Gandhi, J awarhirial Nehru, and our other village." leaders ?"

I told them that when I came to Allahabad Another said, "Let us pray for Hindu-Moslem twenty-six years ago, there had been less than peace and unity."

one hundred girls in two Mission schools. Now Ram Chander said, "Let us pray that India may there are over four thousand girls in several be freed from its ignorance, bad health, poverty, schools. The class cheered. and unsanitary practices in its villages~'and Another student ventured: "However, at pres- homes."

ent the case for village girls is hopeless. The Each day after that, if I started to open my houses are unsanitary; the women wear dirty Bible before prayer, some student-often it was clothes, but deck themselves with expensive Ram Chander-would ask, "What about prayer?"

jewelry; there is sickness, unbalanced feeding, The Telegram quarreling, and indecent talk. Since the girls are kept from school, how can even the next genera- One day someone coughed out on the front vertion be improved ?" andah, and I went to find Ram.Chander holding a telegram. He spoke excitedly, "Oh, madam, my "Madam," exclaimed Ram Chander, "we are wife is about to give birth to a child, and I must powerless to change things in our own homes, go home. The telegram just says, 'Come home.' how can we change others? Our mothers never If I show it to the Principal he will ask the reason want anything new. We men who are going back and Madam, how can I explain to him? Please to the villages to work should have wives who speak to him for me." understand and can help us, as American wives help their husbands." A fortnight later Ram Chander returned to school. After Bible class as the students left the Another student asked, "But how can we get verandah, where we often met, he told me about wives who are educated in such a way as to know his family. how to help change village women?" "Oh, Madam, my little son died of lockjaw," he At this the students all laughed. The one Chris- sadly announced. "My wife is still very ill, and tian student in the class then came into the con- heartbroken, but my mother makes her get up and versation. "I can get an educated girl," he said, do housework. She says that will make her for- "one who has graduated from a mission high get." school, but even she will know nothing of village life and how to help the women." "Oh, Ram Chander, I am sorry. Do you know that lockjaw is caused by a dirty midwife?" I outlined my hopes and dreams for a course for women at our Agricultural College – simple dairying, vegetable and flower gardening, home- "No, Madam, but what can we do? The mid- making, first aid, hygiene and village industries. wife must always be a low caste woman."

Eagerly the students listened, and then asked, "Where is the nearest hospital, or woman doc- "But when, when?" tor?"

"When God gives us the dormitory and the "Forty miles away, and my mother would not women teachers. Will.you pray for this?" even let me suggest that my wife be taken there."

"Yes, we will pray," came from many voices. Ram Chander's voice was sad, and his eyes were "But it is too late to help us," ventured Ram moist.

Chander. At the student parties different groups took We might get some cottages, so that old students turns in the serving. On one occasion high caste may return with their wives, and both take short men carried food to low caste and to Moslems, becourses." fore they had sat down to enjoy their own tea.

As I passed near Ram Chander I asked, "But are ragged line of roofs, the minarets of mosques, the you eating cake which contains eggs?" steeples of temples, and the mangoe trees across the river stood out against the rosy background. He laughingly said, "Yes, Madam, why not? I Its colors were reflected upon the water. I came wish my mother could see me here this afternoon. upon Ram Chander standing in my garden. She could not even appreciate your home. Beginning with spoons, cups and saucers, it would He turned to me with a sad smile, "It is only all be so strange to her that she would be over- now when I am nearly ready to leave that I realwhelmed. But my wife would understand and ize how much all of this means to me." His hand would like to learn." Then shyly and more softly swept wide and seemed to take in the J amna he said, "But there is one thing of which I would River, and the sunset beyond. like to speak to you. I taught my wife to read last summer. She is clever. She learned quickly," "What," I questioned, "the farm, the river?" smiling with pride. "But I want to send her some- "No, Madam, no," he almost wailed, "there is a thing to read. Will you help me? My mother river near my home; there are farms there. No, doesn't give her much time to read, and she needs it is your home, the view of this garden from the more teaching; but she tries hard when she can." verandah, where we have sat for Bible; and now it is all gone forever from me." The school year ended in April. I looked to see "But Ram Chander, could you not have a garden how the class had answered the examination in at home?" Bible. "Yes, Madam, I will try. I have bought seeds from your gardener. But my mother will not What Christ Means to India help." "But need she help? You know how to prepare To the question: "What difference has the birth soil and manure it." of Christ meant to India," Ram Chander had "Yes, but she will not let me have the manure. written: That must be made into fuel cakes and be used for smoothing the walls and floors, according to Jesus Christ has done much for India. He was born Hindu purification laws. Then suppose I buy in the East, but the West appreciated him first. Modern manure from neighbors, prepare my soil, put in inventions such as steamships, engines and even aeroplanes my seeds, will she let the sacred cows be kept out? have come into being where He was best known. Also the I try to make my wife appreciate the beauty of a treatment of leprosy and other dangerous diseases have garden, but my mother laughs and says, "How been found out by His disciples. Missions have brought can she understood about what you are talking to schools, colleges, and hospitals to India and taught us to her? She is only a girl. Don't waste your time appreciate them. At first He had only a few followers, on her." but now nearly half the world follows Him. Through His "Yes, Ram Chander, I understand, but we must teaching we have learned to pray for the happiness and work on and pray. Jesus Christ said, 'I came to comfort of others. He has also taught me not to run put the daughter-in-law against the mother-inaway from the struggles and necessities of this world but law,' and I am working and hoping for that day to face life bravely and to make myself even happy in the when the young women trained in our Agriculfight. Christ also helps us to see that there should be no tural College, will live in model homes in the vilproblem of untouchability, but that we should all be lage." brother to brother. To those who have less than we have, "Yes, that is right," exclaimed Ram Chander, we should take help and not be proud and boastful above "I believe they will lead this generation to rebel them. All of these influences are silently working in India against the old order." because Christ was born. I thank God that He sent His Son.

The April hot winds had blasted the gardens. The few remaining flowers were dusty and faded. The sun was sinking into the palm trees and the Danger in Retrenchment "Christian missionaries have been the ·greatest modernizing, civilizing, and morally con- structive force that has gone from the West into Asia and Africa. Unfortunately a retreat, due to retrenchment, is now being carried on all along the line. Various projects are being given up, and the situation has become critical. The younger churches are not yet in a po- sition to assume responsibility. _ "Unless the churches in the homeland become thoroughly alive to the need of maintain- ing this world-wide enterprise of Christian missions, no matter how great the sacrifice, and unless they put forth their best efforts to accomplish this end, we are in grave danger of surrendering values that can never be replaced. The whole philosophy of Christian missions is to go forward; it does not function well in retreat." DR. WILBUR S. DEMING, Ahmednagar. ,

Religion Means to Me*

By MADAM CHIANG KAI-SHEK, Nanking, China Mayling Soong Chiang, a Graduate of Wellesley College and the Wife of the Commander-in-Chief of the Kuomintang Military Forces I USED to think Faith, Belief, Immortality were that there must be many who, like Kagawa, suffer more or less imaginary. I believed in the because of what their country is doing to China. world seen, not in the world unseen …. A reli- During these years of my married life, I have gion good enough for my fathers did not neces- gone through three phases as related to my reli- sarily appeal to me. I do riot yet believe in gion. First, there was a tremendous enthusiasm predigested religion in palatable, sugar-coated and patriotism – a passionate desire to do some- doses. thing for my country. Here was my opportunity.

My mother lived very close to God. I recognized With my husband, I would work ceaselessly to something great in her, and my childhood training make China strong. I had the best of intentions.

influenced me greatly even though I was more or But something was lacking. There was no stay- less rebellious at the time. ing power. I was depending on self.

My mother was not a sentimental parent. In Then came the second phase. These things many ways she was Spartan. But one of my that I have referred to happened, al?-d I was strongest childhood impressions is of mother go- plunged into dark despair. A terrible depression ing to a room she kept for the purpose on the settled on me-spiritual despair, bleakness, deso- third flood to pray. She spent hours in prayer, lation. . . . .. And then I realized that spiritually often beginning before dawn. When we asked I was failing my husband. My mother's influence her advice about anything, she would say, "I must on the General had been tremendous. His own ask God first." And we could not hurry her. Ask- mother was a devout Buddhist. It was my moth- ing God was not a matter of spending five minutes er's influence and personal example that led him to ask Him to bless her child and grant the rl- to become a Christian. . . . .. I suddenly realized quest. It meant waiting upon God until she felt that he was losing spiritually because there were His leading. And I must say that whenever so many things he did not understand …. " It mother prayed and trusted God for her decision, seemed to be up to me to help the General spir- the undertaking invariably turned out well ….. . itually, and in helping him I grew spiritually I know that many long hours were spent interced- myself.

ing for us. Thus I entered into the third period, where I Shortly before she left us mother was ill and wanted to do, not my will, but God's. Life is really confined to her bed. Japan had begun to show simple, and yet how confused we make it ….. .

her hand in Manchuria. One day I was talking But to know His will, and do it, calls for absolute with her 'about the imminent Japanese menace sincerity, absolute honesty with oneself, and it and I suddenly cried out in irresistible intensity means using one's mind to the best of one's of feeling: ability….. .

"Mother, you're so powerful in prayer. Why One must have moral conviction, wisdom, and don't you pray that God will annihilate J apan- the energy to accomplish. I used to pray that God by an earthquake or something?" would do this or that. Now I pray only that God She turned her face away for a time. Then will make His will known to me. God speaks to looking gravely at me she said: "When you pray, me in prayer ….. .

or expect me to pray, don't insult God's intelligence Whether we get guidance or not, it's there.

by asking Him to do something which would be It's like tuning in on the radio. There's music in unworthy even of you, a mortal !" the air, whether we tune in or not. By learning That made a deep impression on me. And to- to tune in, one can understand. How is it done?

day I can pray for the Japanese people, knowing As Brother Lawrence told us long ago, "By prac- * Madam Chiang Kai-shek is the sister of Madam Sun Yat Sen. ticing the presence of God." By daily communion One brother, T. V. Soong, was Finance Minister of the Republic of China, and another sister is the wife or H. H. Kung, a descendant qwGu0iatdIh''SnHtapinrmcee.seWnOcIne'thewcHhaIen'mnnootneex pec t to be conscious of of Confucius, and a prominent Christian Chinese diplomat, states- has only a bowing ac- man .an.d business man. This article (condensed) is reprinted by . .•… permISSIOn of The Forum and Century. Copyright, 1934.

[ 223 ]

Without

I I -ef By JOHN C. GRANBERY, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil Ja- " W E NEED money. If people would give asked me to tell them something about a central more liberally, what wonderful things we mission in a crowded part of the city. "What we could do in foreign missions!" want to know," they said" "is how we may be of All my life I have been hearing missionary ad- service. We may not be capable of much, but dresses and sermons; I have been reading mis- there are about thirty of us who are eager to sionary editorials, articles and books. To my render any kind of service." mind the money appeal has been exaggerated. One of the largest and most influential evan- While many leaders acknowledge that prayer is gelical churches in the city of Rio was founded the most important factor, they argue that if we wholly as the result of volunteer effort. In 1855, have prayer, money will come. Dr. Robert Reid Kelley, a Scottish physician who It is interesting to note how much truly Chris- had suffered persecution on the Island of Madeira, tian work is carried on effectively entirely apart came to Rio and started evangelical work at his from the support of any foreign missionary board. own expense. He and his wife mastered Portu- I know a business man who uses his home for a guese, and translated and composed a large part mission to the humblest classes and holds regular of the hymns still in use by Brazilian Evangelical services each Sunday, including Sunday school. Christians. At a Sunday evening service, which I attended, the One teacher of agriculture in Brazil not only room was full. Something is going on there prac- maintains the highest Christian ideal of American tically every night in the week. There is a recrea- manhood, but puts forth definite efforts to share tion room for the young people; a museum and a his convictions and experience with Brazilian library. One evening is given to prayer. This youth. At the college assembly he has helpfully man and his family furnish the place, the work- discussed, for example, questions of temperance ing personnel, and almost everything else needed, ®d morality. These men have never been paid without one cent of outside help. He says, like by any mission board, but this by no means less- Paul: "My business is tent-making, but that is ens their Christian influence. Their work 'has only to pay expenses." This work has been go- the advantage of being the natural and spontaing on for years, and while the people pay some- neous expression of personalities rich in Christian thing it is not much as they are poor and ignorant. experience, in learning and in social idealism.

Last evening I entered the oldest Protestant The man who has done as much for Brazil as church in South America, an Anglican church in any other North American I know receives sup- the very heart of Rio de Janeiro, where services port from a Christian agency, but for a greater are conducted for the English community. A part of his work he has never received a cent. group of young fellows organized into what they Cooperating with churches, fostering schools, en- call the Toc-H were about to hold a business meet- couraging every good cause, a friend of the Saling, preceded by a devotional service. There was vation Army, helping in work for lepers, looking no singing. The Archdeacon read from one of the after seamen, establishing social work for the Psalms, and commented impressively: "The masses, opening his home to passing strangers Psalmist was like us in that sometimes he felt and residents alike, equally appreciated by Amer- himself slipping, but his trust was in God. We icans, Brazilians, and British, this real American wonder why there is so much selfishness in the ambassador to Brazil, as some one has called him, world, so much that is wrong and ugly. The rea- is doing a Christ-like work and exercising an in- son is that it is so much easier to roll down hill fluence that cannot be measured in terms of than to climb up. The Cross gives us the as- money. surance that unselfishness, living for others, good- While a great part of missionary achievement ness, is worth while." Then he offered prayer for is made possible by gifts from the home churches, fifteen or twenty minutes. There was nothing it is well to recognize that much is being done hurried. We were in the center of the busy city independently of that source. The spread of and a number of business men were present. At Christian truth and life does not depend upon the close of the devotional service the young men money.

[ 224 ]

New Women in China*

By IDA PATERSON, M.A., Cornell University Missionary to China, Southern Baptist Convention I N 1921 six girls dared hostile criticism and mas time a girl from Hongkong became a mem- braved tradition in order to secure a college ber of the group on the third floor. She had come education in a men's mission school. I see from British schools; adjustment and tradition them now, six pathetic little figures creeping in this new section of China meant little to her. about, striving vainly to efface themselves as com- She brought with her a mandolin, one English pletely as possible, yet bearing in those small song, "Margie," and bobbed hair. At first we were bodies hearts strong· and courageous. doubtful of accepting her-think of bobbed hair in eastern China in 1921 I-but the charm of her We were temporarily housed in very poor, in- own small self soon swept away all criticism. convenient quarters, on the third floor of the ad- ministration building. There was no heat to dispel First she demanded a fire; how she shivered in the shivering blasts that whistled around the our damp, cold wind! We had been considering corner of the building, no cheerful colors, no com- a fire and her request came at just the right time. fortable furniture. Two foreign women, Dolly A fire was installed in the huge square hall which as Dean, and I as comrade-in-arms, lived with the we converted into a pleasant living roolTI: There girls. she sat for hours, strumming on the mandolin, and singing softly. But she sat alone. None of the The memory of their quiet courage, their sin- girls would join her, finding themselves suffocated cere earnestness, their uncomplaining acceptance in their fur-lined clothes. I can see her trying to of discomforts, remains with me after all these coax them out of their cold bedroom saying, years. From them I gained a higher conception "Come and learn to use a fire." Finally she taught of Christianity. In America our Christianity is them to wear a summer garment under th~ winter too often limited to going to church, and perhaps, clothes and to throw off the heavy fur-lined ones if one is touched with incipient sainthood, to be- before approaching the fire. Next she taught longing to the missionary society. In daily life, them to sing "Margie" until they sang it over and however, we meet dozens of people, spend hours over every evening while waiting for the servant with them and leave them without the remotest to bring up the supper. In sheer self-defense I idea of whether they are Christians or not. Noth- offered to teach them something else and soon they ing in the conversation, or in the way of deeds, has learned other songs. Changes took place. Freled us to believe that they have in them a divine quently wild peals of laughter rang from the power and a hope that has transformed their lives. third floor; there would be the sound of running feet and squeals from the captured, while the For the first time in China I saw people whose girls of the lily-feet looked on in enjoyment. Christian experience was a part of their very being; . people who weighed their actions by the Warmth, happiness, and the high spirits of youth Christ standard; people whose quiet daily con- are the memories that remain. versation partook of the hope within them. I saw for the first time people in the common walks There are other memories too. Far be it from of life who considered their religion a vital part me, a teacher of boys, to concede that boys are of life, without which life could not go on. easier to discipline than girls. Yet facts are facts. There was Laura-we gave them foreign names- At first the quietness and dignity of these girls from far inland; fiery, impetuous, hot-tempered, irked me, fresh from the high spirits and jollity whose anger blazed up and scorched all before it. of American college life. They rarely laughed And yet I've never known anyone to fight more aloud, rarely indulged in gymnastic sig.ns of over- fiercely than she to overcome this her greatest flowing spirits. Vainly I strove to rally the youth enemy. She brought joy to our souls and conin them. There was the daily barrage of men's sternation to the hearts of the six hundred men eyes to encounter; the daily tightening of deter- by repeatedly walking off with the first and highmination, the daily lifting of the head and assump- est scholarship. When the place caught on fire tion of courage. I did not understand. Then came one night it was her cool-headed command of the help from an unexpected source. About Christ- • An address given at the Florida Chain of MisSionary Assemblies. situation that saved everything. She learned [225 ]

many things rapidly and well, and married one of phasis on this point. Whenever by our human the professors. doctrines, creeds or ritual, by our rivalry, domina- tion or bigotry we create division, we thereby As their disciplinarian I was almost hopeless- violate the Spirit of Christ. We tried to make and who wouldn't be? There had been a very these girls feel that nothing they did could put serious breach of the rules committed over and them beyond the pale of our love and pardon, even over again by Betty, a spoiled child, the darling as there is nothing we do that puts us beyond the of her aged parents. Something must be done, pale of the love and pardon of our heavenly and girding up my loins, I prepared to do it. The Father. transgressor was called for a stern interview. She came at once, dainty, sweet, with downcast During the years we watched these Chinese blushing face, and clad in gorgeous silk clothes. girls grow and develop. We saw Hope, our most The abundant black hair was smothed neatly back conservative girl, become a woman of strength and confined with a gold pin while a bit of mei- and broad vision;· we saw Mary, quiet and meek, hwa-China's most fragrant flower-shed its pre- develop into a clear-thinking leader; we saw shy cious sweetness over the room. There she stood- Lily marry well and grace her husband's home shy and beautiful, revealing centuries of China's with Christian dignity and charm; our little finest culture in every line of her aristocratic face. bobbed-haired girl was reserved for wide experi- My heart began to soften, so quickly I launched ence and went abroad; our spoiled pet became a into a severe reproof. Some form of punishment dean of women. Quietly these first six took upon must be meted out; such repeated disobedience re- themselves various offices of leadership in the colquered rigorous measures. Suddenly she looked lege; quietly and surely they gained an undisup and spoke directly: "0 honorable teacher, in puted position of respect among the men. There meting out the punishment, don't forget that after were nearly one hundred others when these girls all I'm -only a poor heathen Chinese." Alas, for graduated, but these held an enviable place in our discipline! esteem as successful pioneers. Each one went out to take her place as "one that serveth." Dolly and I ate, slept, lived and moved and had our being in one room. It seemed to me that One might safely say that the attitude of Chi- Amah put the coffee on at daybreak and boiled it nese college girls is never anti-Christian. To a until time to get us up. Finally through the door group of agitators, boys from her own college, one came the first, none-too-faint sounds of "Margie" girl replied to their request that she join an anti- -and the day began. It was a difficult task to Christian movement: "For twenty-five hundred convince these girls that it was necessary for all years we Chinese have had Confucius and his to eat breakfast at seven o'clock, even when they ethics, but during these twenty-five centuries Condidn't have a class until ten. Each one preferred fucius never inspired the building of a school for to eat when the spirit moved her; each one pre- girls, never inspired any movement for the benefit ferred to do most things according to her own of women. Jesus Christ came to China and gave caprice. And so one of the first lessons was co- us Chinese women a chance, and to Him I will operation, and consideration for each other. remain grateful and loyal." Her words largely express the spirit of China's women. How the Six Grew Hundreds of Chinese women have gon~ out from As the years passed and the number of girls colleges to be a blessing and an inspiration to grew to be three hundred, living in two beautiful other Chinese women. They come to us young, dormitories, the first lesson was always the same. shy, irresponsible; they leave with a new concep- We tried to build up an atmosphere of love and tion of a great, transforming love of Christ, a understanding. Missionary work calls for the love that takes burdens from the back, that takes giving of one's self in love and the fountain of bitterness out of the heart; a love that leads them. that love is Jesus Christ, so that we laid our em- straight to the father-heart of God.

How Build a Christlike World?

We must either stop talking about Christ's ideals of life,–Or we must talk about them in both word and deed in the clutch of hard facts ….. as He did, and as they did in whose train we want to follow. There is no other way to build a Christlike world, except to be Christlike.

We must meet this secular world-its prosperity, its smugness, its hard-boiled philosophy, its utilitarian aims-with a steeled conviction that we are going all the way through with Christ, and with a burning passion to be like Him in life and spirit-to be His men both to live and die. DR. RUFUS JONES.

I Found in Puerto

By CHARLES S. DETWEILER, New York Department of Evangelism, Missions in Latin America, American Baptist Home Mission Society Two years and two months had passed since tral square. Surely in a country where more than my preyious visit to Puerto Rico. The first half the people have applied for aid under the thing which I observed was an increase in C. W. A., thrift. and merit needs to be encouraged the sugar acreage, and this in spite of the fact rather than non-productive devices and the prin- that the American Government had been trying ciple of chance which is the essence of gambling.

to persuade farmers on the mainland to cut down Many people are being given employment by their production. An increase in land devoted to the C. W. A., and on every hand one saw the evi- sugar means a decrease in the dences of improvement in parks land available for beef cattle or and roads due to this new for other food products. As it enterprise of the Federal Gov- is, the larger part of the food ernment. Sugar companies consumed in Puerto Rico must complained that in some places there was difficulty ill securing be imported in order to allow great corporations to produce laborers for their harvest be- more sugar and with it pay cause employment under the more dividends to absentee C. W. A. was just as remunera- stockholders. tive and less strenuous than ,Since nothing has been done work in the cane fields. To to solve the chronic problem of meet this situation the C. W. A.

over-population and under- decid.ed to reduce the "Jay for nourishment, no one will think unskilled labor to sixey cents it strange that there is a vast per day, limited to four days a deal of social unrest. Not long week; strange to say, this step before my arrival there had was met by a threat to strike been a successful students' on the part of the laborers.

strike at the University, fol- Notice had to be given that lowed by a cane-cutters' strike there could be no strike against in the midst of the sugar har- C. W. A. since it was a meas- vest. Then came a consumers' ure of poor relief.

.strike against the high price of In view of the general eco- gasoline, accompanied by vio- CLASS OF 1933, EVANGELICAL SEMINARY nomic situation, the churches lence against the cars of those have made an enviable record who would not join the strike. Finally in many of maintaining a fair measure of self-support. One of the cities there was a consumers' strike agaim;t secret of it is found in their large congregations.

the electric light and power companies. The new "Many a mickle makes a muckle." In such towns Governor, General Winship, is highly regarded as Ponce, Cayey, Caguas, Rio Piedras, Santurce for his firm and impartial administration, but his and San Juan, the Sunday schools are limited only position is not one to be coveted in these days. by the size of their buildings. If we could help There is unfortunately an increase in permitted them to secure more class rooms, the attendance gambling. As far back as 1917 race-track gam- of four hundred and five hundred might· gradually bling was legalized; and Governor Gore, who be increased to double that number. 'Some rural lasted less than a year, persuaded the legislature churches and one town church, which lost their to legalize cock-fighting; and now each to~n has chapels in the last cyclone (September, 1932) are a building dedicated to this ignoble sport. Also I still without meeting-houses. On a Sunday after- discovered that in many of the towns gambling by noon I came upon one Baptist church which was roulette wheels and by other devices is openly con- meeting in a milking shed. The place had been ducted in specially constructed booths on the cen- cleaned and chairs and benches brought, and on [227 ]

BAPTIST SUNDAY SCHOOL, YAUCO, PUERTO RICO this particular day one hundred and eighty-two where there has been greater progress in public children and adults were in attendance. Because education, and where the level of public intelthere was only a roof and a cement floor, it could ligence is higher. I know not how we should have not be used in rainy weather. During the past raised the educational standards of the ministry year the Rio Piedras church completed its repay- to meet these new conditions, if twelve years ago ment of a loan for the building of a parsonage, and we had not founded the Evangelical Seminary as became self-supporting. a joint enterprise of six denominations. The num- ber of students is small because of the reduction In Ponce the consumers' strike against the rates in our budgets, and because we can make room charged for electric current had been in progress for scarcely any new pastors. Nevertheless there four weeks. There was no violence nor intimida- are few cooperating institutions whose work is tion. The town seemed to be united in this move- so satisfactory to all participating bodies. ment, and the Baptist pastor was among the speakers who addressed meetings in the public PROGRESS IN PUERTO RICO square to keep up the public morale in the return to the age of candles and oil lamps. A young There has been a remarkable development of lawyer, educated in the United States, took occa- evangelical Christianity in Puerto Rico in the sion in one of these meetings to attack religion as past thirty-five years. When the Americans arthe "opiate of the people." Our pastor asked per- rived there was only one Protestant church mission to speak, as soon as he had finished, and (Anglican), and that was for English-speaking then gave the public a brief resume of the part residents. Now there are over two hundred evanplayed by evangelical Christians in working for gelical churches and practically everyone is pasbetter social conditions and in attacking evils like tored by a Puerto Rican minister. Puerto Ricans slavery. He cited the Anabaptists, the Puritans, are in responsible executive positions in .connecthe Quakers, and concluded with the Social Creed tion with most of the church work and there is a of the Federal Council of Churches. He added vitality and a maturity in the evangelical churches that the lawyer who had just spoken was an that could hardly have been expected from the alignoramus in religion. This was but one indica- most medireval Catholic background of the people. tion that the evangelical churches in Puerto Rico The influence of American public education has are a growing power in the life of the island. greatly assisted the ·work of the Protestant mis- There is perhaps no field in Latin America

UNITED STEWARDSHIP COUNCIL STATISTICS FOR 1933

sionaries and they have had abundant support have so far declined to face the realities of a from secular agencies, social and economic. common Christian task and fellowship, and con- The evangelical churches in Puerto Rico still lack much in self-dependence, initiative, conscious- tinue to maintain their ecclesiastical isolation. ness of social responsibility, and awareness of social and religious movements throughout the It must be admitted that some of the other denomworld. They are just now wandering off into an emotional, "pentecostal" movement, partly for lack inations expect their representatives to keep up of adequate direction of their spiritual energies. Their encouragement to ecclesiastical maturity denominational fences, and incite the churches to has not been pushed as fast as their progress in economic and social assimilation to the world at carry a considerable amount of denominational large. Great advance has been made in church cooperation between most of the denominations; excess baggage, because of financial rewards for but Lutherans and High Church Episcopalians denominational loyalty.

The evangelical churches of Puerto Rico need a prophetic Christian leader, with spiritual power and with social vision, to interpret Christianity for the difficult social and economic conditions of the island. There has not yet arisen a Puerto Rican Kagawa. GEO. W. HINMAN.

UNITED STEWARDSHIP COUNCIL STATISTICS FOR 1933 A blank was sent to the officials of the communions work outside of the budget. The statistics are for the de- nominational fiscal years. named below and the statistics are from their replies. Gifts reported are from living donors. Interest and leg- Gifts for All Purposes in some cases contains gifts from acies are not included. Denominational benevolences in- the living donors which were given either for nonbudget clude budget benevolences and such other contributions as are made for denominational missionary and beneficial denominational benevolences or for non- and interdenomi- national benevolences.

PER OAPITA GIFTS TOTAL GIFTS Member·
——————
–~–_—–~———I ship-In Communion Denomina· Other Congre- Denomina· Othe,r Congre- United tional Be- Benevo- gational All Purposes tional Be- Benevo· gational All Purposes States and nevolences lences EA'Penses nevolences lences Expenses Canada 1 American Lutheran (19) ijnO.51 (19) $13.07 $2,452,089.00 $10,033,509.00 $12,485,598.00 954,677 Oonference. . . .. . . … (13) $2.57 .. (3)" '$:63" (3) 18.18 (2) 23.29 2,139,924.00 1,018,482.00 1,304,341.00 56,000 2 Baptist Convention of (16) 11.62 (16) 14.28 2,244,579.06 17,310-;857.00 21,284,530.00 1,489,886 Ontario and Quebec. (4) 5.10 (23) 6.73 27,341,488.46 4,066,140 ··(9)· .. ·:33·· (23) 5.51 (24) 6.70 569,086.17 22,390,477.23 1,001,716.00 ~ Baptist, North ……. (19) 2.04 (25) 3.88 575,000.00 149,914 4 Baptist, South ……. (25) 1.22 (10) 18.67 5 Ohurch of the Brethren (15) 2.55 (3) .63 (5) 15.98 (25) 6.59 652,391.00 16,623,466.00 19,415,781.00 1,040,119 6 Congregational-Chris· (15) .06 (24) 5.19 (12) 18.46 8,703,010.55 11,047,589.61 1,675,763 100,000.00 tian …………….. (18) 2.06 (5) .53 (10) 15.26 (8) 19.52 123,267.58 3,508,062.13 4,200,416.50 229,814 7 Disciples of Ohr-st … (24) 1.34 8 Evangelical Church … (16) 2.47 (6) 15.83 (14) 16.20 879,403.67 3,774,171.27 4,653,574.94 239,611 9 Evangelical Lutheran (13) .17 (12) 14.26 (22) 9.36 467,021. 71 46,000.86 3,757,542.04 4,270,564.61 263,411 Augustana Synod of N. A. ……………. (7) 3.69 (21) 7.55 (18) 13.50 156,194.00 651,972.00 808,166.00 86,291 10 E,vangellcal Synod of (13) 16.78 N. A. •…………… (23) 1. 77 .(iij …. :ili.. (18) 10.60 (20) 11.77 2,751,533.00 ………….. 10,077,192.00 12,828,725.00 950,144 11 Lutheran, Other (13) 14.12 (4) 21.84 9,665,433.00 759,400.00 3,908,262 Synods ………….. (22) 1.81 (11) 18.66 55,172,718.00 65,597,606.00 2,653,063 12 Lutheran Synodical (11) .19 (22) 7.33 (6) 20.22 Conference ………. (10) 2.89 (9) 19.47 7,147,442.00 518,500.00 19,458,550.00 27,124,492.00 17,639 13 Methodist Episcopal .. (16) 2.47 (5) 20.95 180,174 14 Methodist Episcopal S. (12) 2.69 (7) .40 (7) 15.56 (1) 23.58 103,661.04 7,135.44 274,497.25 385,293.73 1,917,148 15 Moravian, No-rth ….. (2) 5.88 (2) .71 (11) 14.71 469,310 16 Presbyterian in Canada (9) 3.24 (17) 14.12 584,414.00 127,382.00 2,649,551.00 3,361,347.00 1,854,918 17 Presbyterian, U. S. A.. (6) 4.12 158,981 18 Presbyterian, U. S. (S.) (3) 5.39 (4) 16.10 (21) 11.24 7,908,302.00 30,871,100.00 38,779,402.00 19 Protestant E-piscopal . (21) 1.94 345,704 20 Reformed in America. (8) 3.58 (14) 14.07 (7) 19.93 2,532,278.00 6,604,595.00 9,136,873.00 21 Reformed, United 400,431 States …………… (11) 2.78 (2) 19.00 (15) 14.86 3,604,880.24 35,257,742.04 . 38,862,622.28 22 United Brethren in (3) 23.15 622,540 Christ …………… (20) 2.02 (1) 19.19 568,779.00 128,695.00 3,050,451.00 3,748,015.00 23 United Ohurch of $16.11 1,021,164 Oanada …………. (5) 4.32 (10) .21 (17) 11.13 962,538.74 71,870.26 3,846,486.00 4,880,895.00 177,265 24 United Lutheran Church ………….. (14) 2.56 (14) .12 (20) 9.11 807,426.00 46,955.00 3,647,112.00 4,501,493.00 24,928,319 25 United Presbyterian.. (1) 7.17 (8) .34 (9) 15.28 2,684,698.00 209,703.00 9,514,506.00 12,408,907.00 .. (5)· .. ·:53.. (15) 12.30 2,621,018.00 ………….. 12,560,972.00 15,181,990.00 (8) 15.45 1,271,223.00 93,871.00 2,738,860.00 4,103,954.00 $3.10 $.39 $12.70 $60,778,032.86 1$3,866,926.14 ~284,070,331. 51 1$348,715,381.13 Compiled for the United Stewardship CounCil-HARRY S. MYERS, Secretary, 152 Madison Avenue, New York City, December, 1933.

The figures presented in the table above should other benevolences, $284,070,331 for congreganot be taken to be an exact statement of the year tional expenses and for all purposes $348,715,381. 1933, as the several churches have varying dates The number of members reported in the twentyto close their books. five churches is 2'4,928,319 but the total of all the For these twenty-five denominations in the Protestant churches would probably be approxi- mately 35,000,000. It is not difficult to see in United States and Canada, the total for the year which order of precedence the churches stand to in a period of depression was $60,778,032 given per capita gifts to benevolences and local expenses. for denominational benevolences, $3,866,926 ,for

Home Missions Help Youth*

-<!III By DANIEL K. POLING, Prine"on, N. J. 11. .· – T HE Rev. John Sharpe, known in the coal Into this room crowd seventy-five boys and girls fields of Southern Ohio as the Children's of all descriptions-some white, some dark, some Bishop, when he employed me the second sea- with faces of cheer, some with faces of gloom, son as a Daily Vacation Bible School teacher said, some clean, some dirty, some ready to be good, "I hope your time and efforts are going to be val- some prepared to be bad, but all happy to be pres- ent. After all are seated a few shy ones peep in at the doors. Their particular characteristics are tousled hair and running noses. Outside, mothers shout and quarrel; and fathers, since there is no work this day, sit around under the trees playing cards and talking.

Such conditions were in the mind of Mr. Sharpe when he said to me, "I hope your time and efforts are going to be valuable to us but if we could not help you I would not ask your assistance." He AN INTERESTING CLASS OF BOYS AT THE D. v. B. S.

uable to us but if we could not help you I would not ask your assistance."

Let me describe the work of which he spoke.

The Vacation Bible Schools are composed of pupils ranging from children of two and three years of age to young men and women of nineteen and twenty. They attend school five days a week for three or four weeks. · In the morning, for two hours and a half, they are taught the Bible, hymn singing, craft work and sewing. The afternoons are spent in hiking, picnicking, ball games and other forms of recreation. In this way the long summer days ate filled with the best kind of work and play.

Picture a two-room dwelling which, during and directly after the World War, housed a miner and his family but now serves as a church. This par- ticular building is located up the hollow beyond the coal mine. It is surrounded by many similar WHERE WE HELD THE DAILY VlAOATLON BIBLE SCHOOL structures, some inhabited but all dirty in varying degrees. The front room, which is equipped recognized the need of the privileged young peo- ple of the church for what home missions can do with rickety, home-made benches, is used for the for them. I too find this to be true from actual Bible School. A stove is in the middle of the contact with privation, ignorance, intolerance, floor and just beyond is a small raised platform lack of opportunity and sin. We did our best for with an old foot-pedal organ. There are two the people thus bound but they too added greatly doors leading into the yard and two windows to my life. which provide light and ventilation. Because of them, I came to appreciate my • An address given at the Annual Home Missions Conference Din- greater privileges. I became sincerely thankful ner, New Yiork, January, 1934. Mr. Poling is the son of Dr. for my Christian opportunities. Gratitude helps Daniel A. Poling, President of the United Society of Christian Endeavor.

[230 ]

DEVELOPING THE ASSETS OF REDMEN

to form character. One's being expands and takes the others that of which I was incapable. on proportions beyond his former capacity. Life These things home mission work did for me. It is seen as an asset to be used for the advancement of others. made me thankful, giving me an appreciation of my Christian advantages. It aroused my concern As a result of my increased sense of gratitude, for the less fortunate. It disclosed my own in- I immediately became concerned for those with abilities and turned "my eyes to the hills from whom I dealt. There welled up within me the de- whence cometh my help." It gave me a truer sire to assist the men and women, the boys and standard for character and for a personality in girls of the coal fields to a higher plane of life. I which spiritual values are placed first. wanted to count for something in their behalf. Young people of the church, by the very nature Then suddenly I came to realize that in my own of youth, may be slow to recognize their spiritual strength I could give them nothing of lasting bene- needs but experience in the mission field has a fit. I began to feel sharply my own insufficiencies. method all its own of disclosing these needs. They The outcome was that I became a closer and more are revealed and satisfied as, participating in the receptive companion of Christ. Slowly but surely, fulfilment of the Great Commission, one comes I came to depend upon Him for strength and guid- into closer communion and into a working comance. I found that He was able to do for me and panionship with Jesus Christ.

Developing the. Assets of Redmen _-o~1 By ELSIE P. HERNDON, Tuba City, Arizona I LTONG ago I learned to measure the progress of who are doing exactly what the desert cactus has today with some yesterday. About forty done in my flower gard~:g.. years ago, in the years of,my earliest contacts with the Indians of Arizona, a young man Who says that religion is an opiate and deters who was educated in Hampton Institute, feared the progress of the tribes of Redmen? Say this, that I might become discouraged by the slow if you will, of other religions, of pagan sun wor· progress of his tribe. He assumed the responsi- ship it is far too true, but it is never true of the bility of a scout of the Trail of Progress and called Christian Indians who follow Jesus Christ. out from the ambushes of his wary, and sometimes suspicious friends: "Do not be discouraged, One of the best qualified Indian teachers I know, we are climbing the Hill of Progress." That young a Roman Catholic, was speaking to me of some of brave planted a desert cactus in my flower garden. the distinguished men and women who are ad· This well illustrates how the native Indian genius mired and trusted in their tribes, and who have and gifts have been embellished and have become never suffered from an inferior complex but are vibrant and responsive to changes that Christian proud of their blood. She declared that mission· education had introduced into the life of these aries have been first and foremost in the develop~ native Americans. The desert cactus, planted on ment of these leaders and have made them torch· a stump of a desert mesquite tree in a mere hand- bearers of all that is to be desired by her race in ful of good earth shows the native instinct in its the onward march of the Redman in the United search for water and sends a taproot down deep States. into the earth until it finds living water. Then it lives and grows and flouishes and becomes the As I view a glorious sunset of cooperative work miracle among the garden of flowers, putting with my missionary husband, I find great joy, not forth its blossoms of marvelous beauty. The only in reminiscences but in present-day experi~ cactus does not change one whit from its original ences. Twenty-six pupils of the Tuba Boarding stock but uses every asset to develop its inherent School were baptized and received into the church and distinguishing characteristics. So the Indian Sunday, March 4. Eleven returned students Christians, like the young brave, have sent a tap- brought letters from distant schools and renewed root down into the Water of Life, the true source their pledge to serve Christ and their people in the of strength and character. Then the missionaries Navajo land. One girl said that her older sister go to their gardens and point to native ChristIans and her father wished to be baptized. They live fifty miles from Tuba but they would like to come to the mission for this public acknowledgment of Christ.

Preacher and Mountain

By the REV. L. C. KELLY, A.B., D.D., Pineville, Bell County, Kentucky W HEN one lives in the mountains long for their immoral and unworthy manner of. life. enough for the scales of preconceived ideas They have been potent factors in lowering the to fall from his eyes he will come to see moral and spiritual ideals of the churches. that the greatest need is for religious leaders to Outsiders seem to forget, or never to have dis- measure up to the moral and spiritual demands covered, that we have preachers and preachers in of the situation. They must rightly relate their the mountains. We have the "Holy Roller"

lives and message to the moral and spiritual prob- preacher, the "Mock Humility" preacher, the "im- lems that affect the entire life of the mountaineers. moral" preacher, the "afraid" preacher, the The correction and cure of other problems wait "Open-your-mouth-and-God-will-fill-it" preacher, for the dynamic of a new moral authority and the "under-bidder" preacher, the "free-lance"

spiritual power in the preachers and their preacher, and the God-called preacher. churches. There is need for strongly organized The immoral preacher will get drunk, wink at forces of Christian men and women that will make crime and lawlessness and wickedness in high crime, beat his debts, preach while under the inplaces unpopular. fluence of liquor, commit fornication-in fact do many other things that no honest non-Christian Many benevolent minded people have sought in would do. He is usually a great contender for the many ways to help solve the mountain problems, "faith" and a great aspirant for public office. He by schools, hospitals, nursing centers, clinics and performs marriage ceremonies and in a number community centers. But unless they strengthen of ways reaps some benefits from wearing the the moral and spiritual fiber of the character of name "Reverend." He has been a blight on the people they all "build a cozy nest on a rotten Christianity. limb." I believe that the key to the solution of The "Holy Roller" preachers, as a rule, are long the problem is the God-called native mountain preacher. It is the profound conviction of some on emotions and short on moral standards. Many of us, through past experiences and past failures, do not seem to know the difference between carnal feeling and spiritual fervor. They preach perfec- that by patient efforts this task of evangelizing tion and practice carnality. They set themselves and character building will be done by the people to break down every effort and program of other themselves under the leadership of their own na- creeds and sow seeds of religious radicalism in tive men with the prayerful cooperation of friends the minds of people. They cultivate the soil for in other sections. Denominational leaders are con- agitators, whose stock in trade is mob-psychology. vinced that this is the key to the solution of the Their boisterous ways of worship have more or problem of missions on the foreign field and also less affected the entire rural church life of the in the mountains of America – in some ways a mountains.

more difficult field. The "Mock-humility" preacher wears a large We have already made a start toward the solu- bump of feigned-inferiority. In this way he' sows tion. For eight years we have gathered from the seeds of mental and moral blight deep into the twelve to seventy of these mountain men for a hearts of his followers.

month's study of the Bible, English, Church Prob- The "Under-bidder" preacher will nose in and lems, Church History, and Missions. We have undermine his brother pastor by offering to take noted their hunger and have seen them grow. the church for less than they are paying their The God-called man of the mountains has many pastor.

problems and obstacles to overcome, one of the The "Afraid" preacher is timid about condemn- worst of which is the evil influences of unworthy ing popular evils, and is afraid to preach missions, men in the ministry. As a rule all preachers look or stewardship, and other vital things touching alike to sinners and they have no respect for any. daily life and work. Such men think less of preachers than of men in The "Open-your-mouth-and-God-will-fill-it" any other walk of life. This is due in large meas- preacher is one who has gone to seed on inspira- ure to a certain type of preachers who are known tion. He is against education and teaches that [232 ] when God calls a man to preach He will put the gious disorganizers. They have fought handi- message in his mouth and inspire him with any capped as no other preachers of their day. They needed knowledge. have preached the best they could, inspite of tired The "Free-lance" preacher is tied on to nothing. body and untutored brain. They have had few . He baptizes his converts with no church authority, books, because the ever-present wolf has made it impossible for them to buy books. They have preached the funerals of the murderer and the "moonshiner" along with those of the ordinary sinners. One man who digs coal for a living con- ducted fifty funerals last year. That meant that he lost fifty days from work for which he did not receive one cent. Another man was obliged to re- main away from the Preachers School because he had nine girls to feed.

Education alone is not sufficient and some of these handicapped men have power with both God and man.

REV. R. B. MOYERS, FONDE, KENTUCKY "A Mountain Preachers Day" was put on at the Clear Creek Springs Assembly and a fine, up- Th is pastor held four revivals during 1933 a nd had 608 pro- standing mountain preacher arose and said: fessions of faith. Uneducated, yet when preaching he is inspired with great power and spiritual wisdom. H e and his wife, hy "My brethren, I beg pardon for my language. h is s ide, have five children.

I never saw inside a grammar. I never went half fills school houses and is an ecclesiastical" 'Wild through the first reader."

ass' colt." For six years he has been a faithful student at The "God-called" preacher, on the other hand, the Preachers School and today is one of the most feels that God called him to be a Christian before he called him to be a minister. He is honest to the core and self-sacrificing almost to a fault. He is devoted to his task and does an immense amount of work under the most trying circumstances, with no thought of material reward. This type of mountain preacher is usually sound in theology and full of evangelistic fervor. Many are pos- sessed with great physical strength but few have received any special training. Many can scarcely read. They have had no opportunity to go to school because most of them married early and have growing families. But they are capable, re- sponsive, hungry hearted and teachable, and have many qualities of leadership. Some of these men who have been pastors for years will sit spell- bound each summer in the English class at the Clear Creek Mountain Preachers School as the teacher talks about the simplest rudiments of the English language. To see forty or fifty grown men studying primary English is both a pathetic and an inspiring task. These under-privileged men are the potential leaders of a great people.

These God-called men have not only had to battle against bad religious conditions, for which unworthy preachers are responsible, but they have had to fight the wolf from ·the door daily and to TWO GREAT OLD-TIMERS WHO HELPED TO HOLD THE FORT feed and warm their families by their own hard FOR MANY YEARS OF USEFULNESS toil. They have had to fight against all sorts of bold, aggressive sins; ignorance, prejudice, world- useful and most sought after evangelists in all the liness in its rawest forms, blood-thirstiness, carnal mountain. With his heart, mind and personality, passions, broken homes, selfish exploiters of the proper training could have taken him to the top.

weak, vote venders, doctrinal Bolshevists, and reli- When asked what the school had done for him,

another younger pastor replied, "It ruined me. It courthouse steps, read the article and for nearly ruined all myoid sermons and it ruined me finan- two hours preached against the author of the cially. I had not been here three days before I article who was an interested member of his saw that I had to prepare to preach. I mortgaged audience. Today he is one of our best friends and my home and took my family to New Orleans Bible attends the Preachers School when he can. Institute for a year. I lost my home but I found myself. I'm not sorry. I would do it again." He A wonderful change has come over many of continued: these mountain preachers since we first began eight years ago. At the start we employed one of "Last night I was out yonder on the mountain their best men whom the preachers "confidenced" praying! As I prayed I heard voices. I heard to work three months, persuading them to come mountain mothers crying to God that their chil- to Clear Creek Springs to study the Bible together. dren might have a chance in life. I heard chil- Twelve came and .in four years that number had dren crying for the Bread of Life and for an op- increased to sixty-eight regular students and fifportunity to be somebody. I heard preachers teen occasional visitors. praying for help in their task. My brethren, have you heard these voices? Have you been haunted When the school was first proposed the quesby them?" tion was how to get them to come. Now the ques- tion is how to pay the bills. All this work has One fine man after another arose from the been carried on by voluntary contribution. The audience and told what the school had meant to men pay what little they can and some have to him. have help for their families at home while they attend the school. To perpetuate the work, and "It has inspired me to a new determination to reach out for more men, we have organized The get a better education." Society for the Instruction and Training of the Mountain Preachers, with annual membership "I have learned how little I knew about the dues at five dollars. The cost per capita varies Bible." with the number of men, with one hundred men we could furnish everything for twenty dollars "It has shown me that I am as big as I will ever per man for thirty days. be and have as big a work as I will ever have unless I can get more training." The secret of their great enthusiasm and inter- est in the school is twofold. They have come to "It cleared up my thinking about predestination see that it is their one and only change for trainand freewill." ing. It is not something imposed by outsiders. It is theirs and we have sought from the first to "It made the Bible a new book to me." develop their sense of responsibility for the suc- "It made me more of a missionary." cess of it. They elect their own faculty. It has "It prepared me to take full-time pastorate." made them more socially minded. Each year, in "It means to me greater Scriptural knowledge, the middle of the session, we have a conference on larger vision, deeper consecration, delightful fel- public affairs to discuss with them social, ecolowship, spiritual strength and greater love and nomic, health, law-enforcement, and religious sympathy for my brethren in the ministry." problems of the mountains. It took us five years to win the confidence of these mountain men. When we had been here two We are all sure that God has been back of this years we criticised one of the country pastors in work, under it, in it and through it. Each year our church paper. We have learned better since. we can thank God and take courage. At the end of that week we looked down the street and here came said pastor leading his entire flock of some two hundred people. He perched on the Kagawa's Prayer Heavenly Father, who dost lead us by Thy marvelous hand, we believe that Thou art infinitely wiser in Thy control of our lives than our own intelligence. Throwing aside all regret or longing and wilfulness, cause us to press forward in the path which Christ trod. Lead us by Thy marvelous hand. Bless the world afresh through our suffering and sorrow, and as Thou didst cause salvation to be spread abroad in those ancient days, lead us too who are so weak within ourselves. Enable us who seek Thee to bestir ourselves in Thy serv- ice and to seek afresh Thy guidance. Through our Saviour Jesus Christ. Amen.

Present Crisis and Opportunity in

By HARRY STRACHAN, Valdepenas, Spain Director of the Latin America Evangelistic Campaign Sp AIN. is passing through a crisis of such over- with the Spirit, and with an untiring passion for whelming import as almost to threaten a preaching the Gospel. All this lends special em- civil war of extermination. There is a phasis to his ministry, and gives him acceptance strange combination of clerical and monarchical among the evangelical churches in Spain, parforces, with their roots grounded in the historical ticularly at a time when the nationalistic spirit is past of the nation. An evidence of the grip of the so strong.

clergy upon the country is the overwhelming de- Our ministry is to a large extent being confined feat of the Republican party in the recent elec- to a revival movement among the churches of the tions, accomplished through the influence of Peninsula. During the past few months we have priests upon women voters. The newly established conducted evangelistic services all over the Galirepublic, in its joy over the victory that recently cian territory, where the Brethren have several brought it into existence, in conceding a vote to centres of work. Chief among these centres are ignorant women, placed power in the hands of un- Marin, Santo Tome, Vigo, Combarro, Grove, Coscrupulous and ever-vigilant clergy. The exist- runa, Ares, Ferrol, Gij6n, Lugo and Bande. In ence of its recent-won liberty is threatened. Here practically every place thus far visited labors is a tragic enaction of the drama of Samson: con- have been blessed both by the conversion of sinfidence betrayed by the tool of the Philistines, with ners and the consecration of believers. Over resultant captivity, blindness and premature sixty invitations have come for meetings from death. Another contributing factor to the debacle other sections of the country, so that intensive has been the unexpected alignment of the more evangelistic opportunities await us for which we conservative Republicans who, in their dread of request special prayer. communistic excesses, have joined forces with the clercial and monarchical parties, thus playing into A Communist Filled the Church the hands of their opponents. Although the political situation is full of great On the other hand are the forces of liberty- uncertainty, and restrictive· measures are still in liberty crushed through long centuries of persecu- operation, nevertheless opportunities have already tion and oppression and bloodshed – and yet been opened which have demonstrated possibiliwithin its prison of enforced silence, quietly gath- ties for Spain like those in Latin America. For ering force until, like the imprisoned lava of a example, during a fourteen-days' campaign in modern Vesuvius, -its eruptive force breaks all Marin, the church was filled each evening with barriers. The destructive tendency seems to have those who were almost entriely church members incarnated itself particularly in the anarchist- and Protestant adherents. It seemed impossible communistic movement, which by means of the because of prejudice, to secure the attendance of bomb, and other murderous weapons, almost non-evangelicals. The challenge to a debate, howcreated a reign of terror throughout the country. ever, by a communist, who had almost succeeded Fortunately, by drastic measures taken at the in burning the Marin church drew well over 200 time of the recent election, it has been held in workmen to their own hall as also a considerable check, but the spirit keeps spreading slowly but number of believers. The communist was discomsurely, and no one can tell when a fresh outbreak fited in his endeavors to cast ridicule upon the may take place. Bible, and such a strong case was presented by Mr. Palomeque on behalf of its inspirations, as to Evangelical Forces at Work win from almost all present a strong round of ap- plause. Better still, in response to Mr. Palome- Here is the background under which the evan- gelization campaign is being carried forward. que's invitation to attend his last discourse in the Mr. Palomeque is one of the most valued teachers church the following evening, such a crowd gath- from the Bible Institute in Costa Rica. He is a ered as to pack both church and vestibule and Spaniard of exceptional gifts and has an interde- even overflow into the outside patio with people nominational perspective: above all he is filled who had hitherto been impossible to reach.

[ 235 ]

Among those present were the Mayor and several of seventy-four young men and women to carry the Gospel to surrounding districts. This enthuother representative men of the city. siastic group during a week of special services on Other meetings were not only valuable because the opposite side of the bay, rendered yeoman of the crowds reached with the Gospel but much service by their attendance and help in song, and more because of the possibilities suggested for the by the distribution of literature. Largely due to future. We were privileged to preach at one of their enthusiasm, we had about 700 people present the great fairs which take place in all parts of the at an open-air meeting in the plaza of Sangenjo. country. Since the establishment of the Republic Their songs, as they crossed the bay in a large these fairs have been largely used, particularly by fishing motorboat, were carried across the waters the Brethren, as a means of spreading the Gospel and resounded among the hills, attracting the among multitudes of people. They afford the op- townspeople and villagers to an evangelical openportunity of preaching to great crowds drawn air meeting such· as had never before been witfrom all over the countryside, and also permit of nessed there. Mr. Palomeque and I had addressed a distribution of the Scriptures, resulting in their this large crowd, comprising many unfriendly to dissemination throughout all the country villages the evangelical faith, but all of them listened with and hamlets from which these people come. When attention. Then the young crusaders, following one considers the tremendously important fact our departure for another meeting several miles that these fairs are celebrated all over Spain, and distant, remained for over an hour singing hymns each day of the year, Sundays included, can be to the interested crowd, and made a liberal distriused in this ministry of preaching and distrib- bution of Gospel literature. This same group uting the Scriptures to those who are drawn from worked enthusiastically in distributing handbills every nook and corner of the country. With a for our first theater meetings, and distributed well coordinated plan, and a consecrated band of Gospels and tracts. workers, the possibilities are overwhelming. The Brethren are planning an intensive effort of evan- Theater Meetings in Spain gelization along these lines by means of a Bible coach. In the campaign in Spain, we employ the same The Youth in Dance Halls methods as those used in Latin America. In our Another new phase of work, which offers won- efforts to cooperate with all evangelical workers, derful opportunities of reaching the youth of the we seek to reach by means of theatre meetings the country, is the dance hall. All over the country, great unevangelized and, in most cases, indifferent sometimes even in the smallest villages, are these masses who will not enter evangelical places of dance halls which are sucking into their vortex worship. By breaking down prejudice on the one countless multitudes of young men and women. hand, and winning them to a new interest in the We had opportunities of reaching this class of Gospel story we endeavor to woo them to the young people who would seldom or never be Saviour and thereby to His Church and service.

reached with the Gospel elsewhere. On each oc- Owing to the tense political situation at the time casion the number present was between three of our arrival which led the authorities to pro- and four hundred and, considering the circum- hibit all public meetings, we were at first obliged stances under which we preached, the attention to limit our ministry to the churches. With ten- was good. A number listened witlr real serious- sion relaxed, due to the enforcement of drastic ness to messages that disclosed the pitfalls of measures against communistic excesses, a larger sin, at the same time setting forth the attractions amount of liberty was granted, of which we were of the life in Christ Jesus. Excellent opportuni- not slow to avail ourselves. Thus permission was ties were afforded for distributing Gospels and secured from the authorities to hold two great Scripture portions. The communists and social- public meetings in one of the large theaters of ists are securing most of their recruits from the Pontevedra. This city is one of the bulwarks of youth of both sexes. Never was there a greater Roman Catholicism in Galacia. One of the out- need for the Church of Christ to imitate this standing evangelical workers sought for four years example and to pray for this work. to obtain a foothold in this fanatical city, but was We have been making a special endeavor to finally obliged- to retire without having achieved reach the youth of the evangelical churches, many his purpose. Thus no evangelical church was of whom are being drawn into worldliness. In found in this most important city, and our joy was many churches we have seen what might be great, therefore, at having permission for theater termed a revival movement among young people. meetings. Owing to the enthusiastic efforts of One church, where the pastor was in despair about the young people in sowing the entire city' with the condition of the youth, a real awakening took handbills, inviting all to our meetings, we found place, resulting in the formation of a special band at the theater a dense crowd in front of the doors.

THE PRESENT CRISIS AND OPPORTUNITY IN SPAIN

The theater was packed to the last available seat, prietor pleading for a copy of the New Testament. with about 100 people standing throughout the Tremendous facilities are thus offered for distridiscourse. The interest was splendid for a first bution of the Scriptures at theatre meetings and night in such a place, and although we had two in the open air. Pray that these may be greatly interruptions, one occasioned by a group of rowdy blessed to the salvation of souls. We covet earnest boys and the other by some communists, yet these prayer also that the door may be kept open from were only momentary. Our second night was even all political interference, in order that these efbetter, and an interesting discourse on Sowing forts may be continued. The reactionary party and Reaping by Mr. Palomeque was greeted with that has managed to secure the reins of governapplause-and this in fanatical Pontevedra! ment in the recent election is pledging itself to such a return of favors to the Roman Catholic At the close of the second meeting, Scripture portions, tracts and Testaments were distributed Church as may hamper evangelical activity.* by the young people of Marin. We were besieged for copies, even the police and the theater pro- • Any interested in this campaign in Spain may communicate with Miss E. B. Long, 828 Windsor Square, Philadelphia, Pa., who will furnish literature and information.

PRAYER FOR SLUM CLEARANCE* Almighty God, Father of all mankind, Thou who hast signally blessed the human family as the cradle of divinity, and hast granted to us the security and strength, the joy and comfort, and the supporting goodness of our homes, do Thou forgive us that we have been content to accept these precious gifts of life, but have taken little thought of those whose lot confines them to the slums of our cities. .

Give us, we pray Thee, a vivid sense of the little children condemned to live in crowded tenements and to play amidst the traffic in the streets, deprived to the simplest elements of human health and happiness, robbed even of the common heritage of pure air and sunshine.

Make us conscious of the preventable disease which breeds in the narrow alleys, and in the dark inner rooms where sunlight never comes.

By our very hope of Thy mercy, as we sjt concerned by the sickbeds of our own little ones, may we be willing in love to share the anxiety, the anguish, and the grief of the parents of the poor as they watch by their sick or mourn the death of those who need not have sick- ened or died but for the conditions in which they are obliged to live.

In the very measure of our longing for a happy home for our dear ones, with space for gracious living, free from the special strains and irritations, and the moral exposures of crowded quarters; by our pleasure in the joyous play of our happy children in God's out-of- doors, do Thou lay upon our conscience the plight of countless families whose lives are cramped and thwarted for lack of space and air in which to live and play and grow in wisdom and in stature, and in favor with God and man.

By the very anguish of our prayers for our own children, that they may be saved from sin, and that they may grow in grace and goodness, into the glory of manhood and womanhood, into the stature of the fulness of Christ, do Thou make us ashamed of our toleration of the slums, which in disproportionate measure continue to make criminals and prostitutes of many boys and girls who never had a chance. Oh, God of love and justice, we acknowledge before Thee our personal and corporate responsibility for the sins of such perverted lives. By our very hopes of heaven, oh God, help us truly to love our neighbors as ourselves, and to know no peace of heart until all Thy children shall enjoy equal opportunities for health and happi- ness, and for the very salvation of their souls.

As we bow in reverence before Thee, our Father, in these solemn moments of prayer, we dedicate our wills to Thine. Grant us grace at this time to gird ourselves for action. May we lay hold upon the special opportunities which are now offered in our land for the clearance of slums and the erection of homes more fit for the children of God. As we go out from Thy House to do our part in this heroic task of Thy Kingdom, grant to us, we pray, a very special sense of Thy nearness and Thy love, inasmuch as we would do it unto Thee.

For Jesus' s,ake, Amen.

• This prayer, written by the Rev. James Myers, Industrial Secretary, Federal Council of the Churches of Christ In America, is for use In churches and home missionary societies. Even If your community is rural, you can help by prayer, and through understanding the conditions surrounding industrial classes in our cities.

Ways of

'Tested Methods for Increasing Interest at Home EDITED BY MRS. ESTELLA S. AITCHISON, GRANVILLE, OHIO ~=I==========================-~ MISSIONS IN THE HOME in developing a desire for good litera- corollary of the Christian life ture …… Perhaps one of the very and faith, instead of being excep- A request has come for sug- best ways in which to encourage the tional, occasional or optional. gestions as to the cultivation of reading of good literature, and cer- They are an essential in the patmissionary interest among chil- tainly a very profitable way, is to tern of our Christian life, and if dren in the home. The matter iil maintain a family reading circle. A we truly esteem them so, none of prime importance, since the few moments devoted to reading aloud of the foregoing endeavors will fundamentals of all life-develop- from a good book or magazine, fol- be too strenuous, because we ment must be included in early lowed by a brief discussion by the shall consider them so well home-conditioning. members of the group, tends to en- worth while. courage good reading more than any- The absolute essential for de- thing else that can be done. The The Pastor's Missionary veloping missionary-mindedness selection may be criticized as the that will become permanent is a memberS of the circle see fit and upon Round Table matter of atmosphere – the pa- the points which they deem necessary. rental attitude of mind. The …… Very much good may be derived A cooperative plan for pastor, mother, as the parent of greater from a miniature forum of this kind. missionary education committee contact, must have not only the and woman's society in the Bap- Spirit of Christ and a passion Each denominational board tist church at Galesburg, Illinois, for missions but thorough infor- has ample information as to the has proved valuable in the matmation as to down-to-date condi- missionary books and magazines ter of creating more general intions, needs and current policies adapted to the various ages, and terest and bringing "the brethfor the work and the great re- the usual plan of basing the ren" into the picture. It was sults of Christian missions. As whole round of reading and properly termed "The Fireside these change from year to year, study for a given year upon one Reading and Discussion Groups," summer is an excellent time to theme lends itself to the family the round table occurring twice, prepare for the fall opening-by reading circle idea. Economy in at two-week intervals, as the reading or by attendance at some these times of reduced finances high light and climax. Several good conference if this is im- may well begin somewhere else outstanding study or reading possible. This preparation must than on the library table. books were chosen as rallying be kept up year by year and points for discussion, others beshould cover the various phases Auxiliary devices in the nature ing added as the several groups of children's work as outlined by of recreation may also be used- might desire, the keynote of the the national leaders. missionary puzzles, games, con- endeavor being: tests, etc. Attention is again Next comes the matter of pro- called to the little "Handy" man- To read a book of worth; viding suitable reading matter uals mentioned in the September, To discuss it with friends; and seeing that it is used. James 1933, number of THE REVIEW To find Christian solutions of prob- E. Knowles says, in The Na- (furnished by The Church Rectional Kindergarten Association: reation Service, Delaware, Ohio) lems; in which are featured numerous To apply solutions to daily living- Most children experience an insati- games suitable for family circle These are paths which lead to the able desire for reading between the or home party. ages of eight and twelve. They pass broad highway of Christ-like through a period of what might be Parents should see to it that character and service. called the explorative period. It is children attend their church misthe time when they are driven through sionary organizations and study The reading groups were very curiosity to find out as much as they classes, helping to form such an carefully organized, one person can about their world. The desire to organization if the church lacks in each of seven sections of the read often becomes so intense that the them, not forgetting that ex– town being selected to invite child is liable to give his entire spare ample is more powerful than other Baptists of the section to time to cheap, trashy stories in his precept. meet at a designated home to ardent search for a "thrill." Provid- read together the assigned books ing the right kind of books in the home Undergirding all these plans and to shape up the discussion and suggesting reading for the child should be the normalizing of mis- toward conclusions that might to get from other sources is, without sions in home conversation and be reported at the round tabl~ to doubt, the right procedure to follow attitudes of mind so they will follow. Most of these neighbor- appear natural as an inevitable hood groups met five or six [238 ]

EPFECTIVE WAYS OF WORKING

times. On the two round table Of that new world that He would have nese, an Indian and a Moham- us build medan room respectively. For evenings an inexpensive supper To life's ennoblement and His high was served at the church, after the Chinese scene a low stool which the discussions were held ministry. was used for the bride's seat with the pastor either conduct- Bird's-eye View of the Mission while her mot her hovered around putting the finishing ing or leading out. In some in- Study Books touches on the girl's toilette. For stances the groups at table had A new venture in the Granville the Mohammedan scene a low been formed by having the Baptist church last February divan, improvised by draping an guests draw numbered slips was the giving over of the mid- automobile cushion with purple with a discussion topic or ques- week prayer meeting, preceding cloth, was used. The remaining tion at the top; the six or eight the opening of the annual School third of the stage represented persons who found their slips of World Friendship, to a project the American home – hat and bore the same number to seat entitled' "Around the Library suit boxes scattered about, the themselves at one table and talk Table with the Study Books." wedding veil in a box on the about their topic with a view to This was a plan to acquaint table, a chair, a couch, etc. presenting a group view at the everybody with all the new study round table. In this way it was books, only one of which would The devotional period, precedhoped to get everyone to think- be intensively considered by each ing the sketch, was based on ing and talking missions as well person later. A round table with Revelation 19: 6-9 – "The Maras to get a precipitate of definite green cloth, a bowl of flowers riage of the Lamb." Lohengrin's findings originating with the lay- and missionary books and mag- Wedding March was played premen. These round tables are re- azines was the center of interest, vious to the opening of the curported to have been both lively all lights in the prayer meeting tains and "0 Promise Me" was and stimulating, with no dull room being turned out except sung as a solo after they closed. moments. Conclusions repre- the soft-tinted reading lamps Stories of weddings may be obsenting group thinking were par- brought in from near-by homes tained from such books as "Eastticularly calculated to motivate for the purpose. The meeting ern Women: Today and Tomortoward group action later, espe- owed its initial interest to this row," "Lady Fourth Daughter of cially as the discussions were all colorful atmosphere. Five good China," "Friends -of Africa," and controlled by the master query, speakers, chosen from the vari- also from denominational mag- "What Can We Do?'" The an- ous interests and age groups of azines and leaflets on the several nouncement for Nov. 8 was as the church, sat around the table countries. follows: and in an informal way rose in turn to review in eight-minute In the opening scene the WHAT CAN WE Do As INDIVIDUALS speeches the outstanding books American bride holds up her veil assigned. A very large audience and says: "Isn't it just beauti- about had gathered in response to the ful, mumsie?" In a natural con- announcement and expressions versation, easily improvised by 1. World peace, of keen interest were numerous. any local group, mother and daughter talk of the charming 2. Race prejudice, June Brides church wedding to be celebrated' the next day, the good qualities 3. Industrial conditions, of the husband-to-be, the new 4. The applications of Christ's teach- ings to daily living.

For Nov. 22 the question was asked: What Can We Do As Miss Elizabeth I. Fensom, of home in prospect, etc. The Churches about the same four the Baptist Literature Bureau, mother insists that the young topics. The records kept of 152 Madison Av~., New York woman shall lie down on the these discussions doubtless con- City, reports a prize-winning couch now and get "forty winks" tain valuable points to show mis- program received from Grace so that she will be sufficiently sionary administrators "which Baptist Church of Camden, New rested to attend the missionary way the wind is blowing" at the Jersey, which may be produced meeting that afternoon-the last with simple stage scenery but before she changes her name. home base. very entertaining and illumi- Pulling a letter from her apron In the School of World Friend- nating results. Costumes typical ship, which had its usual six ses- of the several countries were pocket, the mother hands it over sions beginning on January 1, saying it has just come from a made of inexpensive material former dear girl friend now less time than usual was needed and the stage settings required for the detailed study of the two only screens, draperies impro- down in Africa, who evidently had planned its arrival previous books used for the round table vised from house furnishings, to the wedding. Exit mother, and so more time could be given carrying away boxes and packto the expressional projects and a few borrowed curios. A ages. third of the stage was partiwhich are, after all, the high tioned off with folding screens, Reading this letter aloud as potency of any mission study. this portion being transformed she lies on the couch, the bride- God grant us wisdom in these coming days, -by means of Chinese panels, a to-be comments on her satisfac- Persian table scarf and some tion that she is not to be wedded And eyes unsealed, that we clear oriental draperies – into a Chi- under any such circumstances as visions see

are described by the missionary her mother in time for the mis- by the Presbyterian Church of and promises herself to read the sionary meeting. She exclaims Jeannette, Pa. The Joash Chest over her strange dream, saying idea, taken from 2 Kings 12, was letter to the audience in the she never before realized how announced by January 1, reafternoon. Presently the young fortonate she was to be married ferred to frequently in the pul- in a Christian land and that she pit and described in a leaflet diswoman falls asleep. The letter intends to tell the friends at the tributed to the membership. tells of an African girl of very meeting all about it that they The week preceding the cantender age who had been chosen may know how much they owe vass, each member received a to the changes brought about by card with a cut of the chest. by a man with ten other wives- Jesus Christ. Two Sundays were taken for the the selection having been made filling of the chest, sermons set- Good Ideas ting forth the needs being when on a visit to her father, preached to create atmosphere Chief Mubefe, when she was A Three-Plus-One Luncheon is and the benevolent attitude of but a tiny child. The visits of described in Women's Home mind. Canvassers went forceremony bringing gifts, the Missions (Methodist). The en- ward for consecration to the tire membership of the women's work. Minister and church drinking of wine and the carous- society was divided into threes, officers first filled in their pledge ing, the all-night dancing of men one strong member on each cards and dropped them into group serving as chairman. the chest, then the congregation and women separately, the pros- Each group then met to arrange followed suit. The number of pect of having to work for this the details of a table for four and prospects to be reached in their to determine what non-member homes was reduced from 950 to old man when she wants to they should go after to fill the 200. The people were enthumarry a young man, etc., are fourth place. If not successful siastic over this method of con- in their first choice, they went ducting the canvass, as it spirgraphically described. after another woman, and in the itualized the business end of the While the American girl sleeps event of final failure the place church work. remained e m p t y. For the on, scenes in other mission lands luncheon, groups formed in Methods for Increasing are described and the screens order according to the numbers Interest on their tables and entered the shutting off the rest of the stage dining room under arches made The Friends' Missionary Adare removed as required to show of autumn leaves and flags. One vocate gives worthful sugges- member in each group took all tions for accentuating interest these scenes. The pianist plays four plates to the kitchen for among their membership of all "The Song of India" when the self-service, another took care ages. Among the points are first episode reveals Jyoti sitting of the needs as the luncheon pro- .mentioned : gressed, while the third removed on the floor with her jewel and the plates and served the dessert. Having a missionary commitpaint boxes decorating herself At each plate had been placed an tee write to the different fields envelope and pencil with instruc- and get personal replies to be as she recites a revealing mono- tions that the member place in read in Sunday school or mislogue. The text for this is ob- the former all or as much of her sionary society. dues as possible. After a protainable from the Literature gram feature on giving, the Conducting imaginary trips to Headquarters, 733 Muhlenberg treasurer, carrying a lighted the Foreign Field, with visual Building, Philadelphia, Pa.- candle and accompanied by the aids to understanding. secretary, went from table to "Jyoti, a Monologue ora Bride table collecting the envelopes Having individuals make suitof India" (price, 2 cents). and lighting the individual able mottoes of quotations to be candles wherever dues had been exhibited in the Sunday school. To the music of a Chinese paid. Opportunity was given melody, the next scene discloses for each group to introduce its Assigning incidents describ- new member. The dues and the ing actual missionary experia Chinese bride and her mother. lighted candle were then placed ences, to be memorized and re- Their dialogue may be adapted at the foot of a large map of the peated by various children. United States on which were from a chapter in "A China plainly indicated the Home Mis- Asking volunteers to learn the Shepherdess," by Mar gar e t sionary institutions in which the names of missionaries and their Applegarth, or its data may be society was interested. fields, a Missionary Album con- taining pictures and brief bioobtained from such a book as A Chest of Joash Canvass. graphical sketches being avail- "Lady Fourth Daughter." This method of conducting an able. every-member canvass was used The last screen is removed The June METHODS will deal during the playing of a Turkish with "How to Awaken Interest melody and brings to view in Christian Work for Orientals in America." Zahia, the Mohammedan bride and her schoolmate. The sketch entitled "Zahia" is obtainable from the Baptist Literature Headquarters (price, 3 cents). As the parts would be quite long for entire memorization, they should either be condensed or else read as a letter purporting to have been written by Zahia to a schoolmate. The same may be done with Jyoti's long letter from her absent sister. In the last scene, the real American bride is aroused by

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BULLETIN OF I The Council of Women for Home Missions ANNE SEESHOLTZ, EXECUTIVE SECRETARY, 105 EAST TWENTY-SECOND STREET, NEW YORK ~=I==~~~~~=====================~~ Jesus said, "Consider the lilies of the field, how they grow-"

"Verily, verily / say unto you, Except a grain of wheat fall into the earth and die, it abideth by itself alone; but if it die, it beareth much fruit."

"/ am the Resurrection and the Life."

Child's Pentecost I know the Holy Ghost is glad When we enjoy the things He made: No artist could be cross and sad Who thought of rabbits in the glade, Or shining button-buds new born Within the branches of the thorn.

They say He hovered as a dove IN THE SPRING FOR.EST Above the One who loved Him best: In which thy will shall reign; that so connected with its missionary organ- I think He dwells in feathery love cruel facts may be seen to be izations. merciful facts, With little birds of many a nest- Will you endeavor to have each of Darts with the seagull through And this harsh world become thy your local societies hold a peace meet- the spray, Kingdom of Heaven. ing during the year, preferably in Oc- tober or November, using the simple Is merry in the tomtit's play. -Front "A Book of Prayers for peace program just prepared, or such Use in an Indian College." peace program as your denomination His skill it is that guides the hand is promoting? In order that there Concerning E v a may be wide participation in this plan, To draw the curve, to sew the seam: Clark Waid Me- it is urged that you ask each society morial for WorId to use one hundred stamps, one cent And His the wit to understand . Peace. E x c e r p t each (10 members each to use 10 from a recent letter stamps or 20 each to use 5 stamps). Hard sums, and His the dream written by Mis s If this idea can be carried out fully, Emma Jessie Ogg, it would mean the completion of the Of fairy things, unnamed, un- Chairman, to Home Eva Clark Waid Memorial Fund for Mission Boards: World Peace and would place the known, church women in a position to cooper- In view of increased emphasis upon ate more effectively for World Peace Seen in the woods when we're nationalism and the increasing ac- through the Council. tivity in munitions plants in the alone. United States, as well as in foreign Weare sending this to you now in countries, it seems particularly essen- order that you may channel out to Come, Spirit! not with sudden wind tial that those of us interested in your constituency- Or fighting flames of Pentecost, World Peace should lend our every effort toward furthering peace. In 1. At special spring gatherings you But in the breezes small and kind view of this special need for Christian are holding; By which the baby boughs are tost. women becoming peace-minded and Come! with Thy touchings soft peace-acting, the members of the Com- 2. For inclusion in programs of local and bright, mittee on Eva Clark Waid Memorial societies being set up in the And lift the leaflets to the light. for World Peace feel it laid upon spring for use next fall and them to bend their strength toward winter; -Evelyn Underhill. promoting peace. To this end it is suggested that every denomination 3. Through letters to local societies; A Prayer for Courage to affiliated with the Council make a 4. Through your missionary magazine Face Reality united effort to reach each individual , or other publicity channels. God of all power and Ruler of all [ 241 ] worlds, On request we could send to you a hundred Peace Stamps to be sold for Save us, we pray Thee, from empty a penny each. With every hundred sentiment, stamps, there will be a sheet of news From the impulse to cover naked facts With a false clothing of cheap and tawdry affection.

Give us a resolution to know the truth at any cost, And, having known it, to transform it into another truth, another realm of reality,

items concerning preparation for implications and foreign back- For Junior Children's Reading establishment of World Peace. grounds of a home mission sub- ject. Dr. Palmer, out of his long Rainbow Bridge, by Florence Crannell Each Christian should ask, How experience among Orientals liv- Means, author of "Ranch and Ring" much today am I advancing interna- ing in the United States and and the stories in "Children of the tional good will, and peace on earth? Hawaii, has shown how the rela- Great Spirit." tions between Americans and Work and pray ceaselessly for their neighbors of Oriental A charming reading book that peace. Prayer is the greatest weapon origin are bound up with Far will be sure to please juniors. for peace. Eastern problems of the most The Miyata children are startled critical importance. He de- by the announcement of their Fuh-tz of Hunan, China scribes the work of home mis- father that they are going to sions among the Chinese, Jap- America to live. From the mo- Little Fuh-tz of Hunan, China, anese and Filipinos on this con- ment they embark until the story writes very thoughtfully to the tinent and points out its bearing closes there is one exciting ad- American Christians, asking: upon the solution of great world venture after another. Delight- issues. fully illustrated. What is this that I hear about my people being shut out of your beautiful Cloth, $1.00; paper, 60 cents. Cloth, $1.50,; paper, 75 cents. land, America (Mei-Kuo)?' They say something about exclusion of us and For Young People and Seniors For Leaders of Primary Groups of Japanese. I hear some folk talk about war between peoples. All I Out of the Far East, by Allan A. Oriental Friends in the United States, know about that is that war makes Hunter, author of "Facing the by Katharine Smith Adams, foreverybody unhappy and kills friends Pacific," "Youth's Adventure," "So- merly Director of Religious Educaand relatives. cial Perplexities." tion in Christ Church, Greenwich, Connecticut. Some of my Chinese friends live in A book of adventures in Chrisyour country – in San Francisco, tian friendship with Orientals in A Friendship Press text con- Cleveland, New York City. I hope to our midst. Mr. Hunter's inti- taining units of work on the study there when I grow big. Is it mate knowledge of the Far East Chinese, Japanese, and Filipinos. true that this next year many of you and of Oriental young people Teaching suggestions are given, will study how to make your people living in America enable him to as well as source material and and my people better friends? answer these questions in a way suggestions for worship. Ready that youth everywhere will find in May. Most respectfully, stimulating both by individual reading and for group discus- Boards, $1.00; paper. 75 cents. FUH-TZ. sion. For Primary Children FUH-TZ Cloth, $1.00; paper, 60 cents. The World in a Barn, by Gertrude Orientals in the United States Land of All Nations, by Margaret R. Chandler Warner, author of "Winis the theme for home mission Seebach. dows into Alaska." study in 1934-35. The texts are: A reading book of biograph- Probably the most popular For Adults ical sketches about people of children's reading book pub- various races living in the United Ushed by the Missionary Educa- Orientals in American Life, by Albert States. Two sketches of Ori- tion Movement in recent years. W. Palmer, President Chicago The- entals. Very appropriate for use with ological Seminary; author of "The the theme of the year, as several Human Side of Hawaii," "The New Cloth, 50 cents; paper, 25 cents. of its stories relate to Oriental Christian Epic," etc. children in the United States. Gold Mountain, by Philip F. Payne, An informative study that Assistant Secretary, Presbyterian Special price, $1. starkly reveals the international Board of National Missions; in Charge of Oriental Work. Orientals in the United States Picture Sheet. If you think Orientals are in- scrutable, this book of stories A folder of pictures to be used will show the warm, human side in making posters and notebooks we neglect to discover and culti- and for classroom use. vate. Their romantic history in America begins almost with our 25 cents. Forty-Niners on the Pacific Coast and ends with American- Picture Map of the United States, 30x born Chinese and Japanese who 50 inches, to be colored by the chil- are unable to speak anything but dren. English, or live and work any- where but in America. For Pictures· of Orientals in the reading by Junior High School United States or of home mis- students. sion work may be pasted on the map at a,ppropriate places. Cloth, $1.00; paper, 60 cents. 50 cents.

Paper Dolls. The three sets: Friend- ship Cut-Outs; China Paper Dolls; Japan Paper Dolls.

Furnish excellent Oriental dolls to use in connection with any study of these races in the United States.

25 cents each set.

~' Our World–wide Outlook

~~~~~A~M~ issio~ nary= New= spa~ per o~ f Cu~ rren~ t Ev~ ents==~I~- EUROPE Christians. This group looks check equivalent to 3d from forward to making contacts with every communicant in the pres- Christian Youth in Germany all branches of W est ern bytery of Mull. Another un- Churches but particularly with known member sent in 3d for The Young People's Union of the Anglican communion The every inhabitant of his native the German Baptists was dis- Anglo-Russian Fellowship of St. parish. Another, having read of solved early in February and Alban and St. Sergius, has the death of a venerable peeress other Free Churches have been branches in England and in with 70 descendants, calculated forced to take a similar step. France and the Paris branch of that he had some 80 relations, The Wahrheitszeuge (organ of the Fellowship has a Seminar on and sent in the three penny bits the German Baptists) explains the Oxford Movement, and is for all of them. It is estimated that the dominant purpose of the making an effort to interest wid- that the response to the appeal Christian youth organization er circles of Russians in reunion. was not less. than £6500, while now dissolved was to lead the private efforts brought in anothyoung people to Christ and to -The Living Church. er £3000. A million three penny church fellowship, and to build bits exactly would have brought in £12,500. The actual year's exthem up in their faith. Uni- John Calvin's Anniversary penses were paid for in full, but forms, parades, etc. were alto- the budget was not met by about gether subordinate to these ends. American Presbyterians and £4000, since the assembly had The State has now taken over Scottish Calvinists are invited to ordered the past deficits liquicontrol of the physical and politi- join French Protestants in ob- dated at the rate of £5000 per cal training of the young so that serving the four hundred and annum. Baptist and other Free Churches twenty-fifth anniversary of the have been obliged to dissolve birth of John Calvin. The cele- Religious Interests at Geneva their young people's unions. bration will take place on July Sunday School work, devotional 10 at Noyon, a short distance Seven international religious meetings for the vroung, and all from Paris, where the birthplace organizations now maintain ofthe traditional forms of church of the great reformer has been fices or headquarters in Geneva, work for childhood and youth transformed into a Calvin muse- Switzerland. Here is the list: are not interrupted. um. The ceremony at Noyon will be the beginning of a series International Mis s ion a r y Russian Church in Paris of celebrations marking the four Council. hundredth anniversary of the The Communist control in publication of Calvin's great the- World's Committee of the Russia may have a bearing upon ological work, "The Institutes lIf Y. M. C. A. the relationship of Eastern and Religion." The Huguenot Soci- Western churches. Paris, which ety of America has promised its World's Committee of the is now the political and ecclesi- cooperation in the anniversary Y.W.C.A. astical center of Russian emi- ceremonies, and it is hoped that grants has nearly twenty par- official representatives will at- World's Student Federation. ishes, a theological college, a tend from most of the Presbyte- World Alliance for Internareligious-philosophical academy, rian Churches of the world. tional Friendship. and the Russian Student Chris- Life Work Committee of tian Movement. While the Rus- Scotch Three Penny Bits Stockholm Conference. sians carefully preserve their in- European Office for Interdividuality in religious matters, church Aid.

since the Church is to many of The receipts for the first elev- It is proposed that the World's them the last spot where they en months of 1933 being quite Sunday School Association shall can feel themselves still Rus- inadequate to maintain the work also establish an office here besians, there is a small but influ- , of the Church of Scotland on the cause "the religious education ential group which is deeply present basis, the moderator, Dl·. forces represented by it are treconvinced that exile is a unique MacLean Watt, issued an appeal mendously concerned with issues opportunity for the proper study for a million "three penny bits" such as world peace, disarmaof Western Church life; and as a Christmas offering to stave ment, anti-opium activities, pro- . that the time is ripe for real off defeat. There was wide- tection of women and children," friendship and cooperation be- spread response. Someone at all of which are of concern to the t.ween Eastern and Western once anonymously sent in a League of Nations.

-Missions.

[ 243 ]

Six. Thousand Pastors Refuse lished in Lisbon, under the direc- course for the promoting of the tion of Dr. Hatcher. Native spread of the Gospel) which is In Old Testament times 7,000 Baptists are showing themselves still active, and is now 220 years capable leaders and are doing a old. men refused to bow the knee to notable work. Their latest Baal. In Germany the number achievement was the dedication This society was founded by of a church house in the city of Pastor Bone Falck Ronne in is nearer 6,000. What had come Leiria, the gift of two native June 17, 1821, assisted by the to be regarded as an unimpeded Portuguese, which in the United gifts of the royal family. Until march toward a totalitarian States would cost not less than the society had its own work esstate, is finding its first serious $75,000. More than 400 attend tablished in India and later also services weekly in this new in China, its monies were sent to check in the reported revolt of house of worship. Portuguese the mission house in Basel where 6,000 Lutheran pastors, who ob- Baptists are also supporting a Danish students received their ject to the "Aryan clause" in the missionary in Africa. training.

Christian Church. They refuse -Watchman-Examiner. AFRICA to have the Bible, and especially A Missionary Centennary Situation in the Congo the Old Testament, revised so as to conform to Nazi doctrines. The Rhenish Mission this year The Rev. Emory Ross, Execu- With true Luther spirit, they are celebrates the 100th birthday of tive Secretary of the Congo Protprotesting against the curtail- the veteran missionary Nom- estant Council which includes mensen, who was born on a small thirty-five Protestant missions ment of religious liberty. On the island near Schleswig, in the working in Belgian Congo, came first Sunday in January, accord- same year when the two Ameri- to America last December, pre- can missionaries, Munson and senting the serious situation in ing to press reports, from thou- Lyman, were murdered in the Equatorial Africa. Religio-posands of pulpits in Germany they jungles of Sumatra. He was litical coalitions threaten the honored with a decoration by the continuance of all evangelical proclaimed to their congrega- government of the Dutch East work. Dr. Thomas S. Donohugh, tions that "resistance to tyranny Indies and a doctor's degree by Secretary of the Board of Foris obedience to God." the university of Bonn, but noth- eign Missions of the Methodist ing seemed to him so big and so Episcopal Church, and chairman The New York Times makes important as the fact, that after of the African Committee of the he had passed his long life as the Foreign Missions Conference, this observation, pointing out first missionary among canni- says: "There is an urgency bals amid constant dangers, the about this appeal from the Belthat this is of more significance Christians of Sumatra numbered gian Congo. The Roman Cath- 180,000. olic Church recognizes this opthan a mere modern phase of portunity to such an extent that Danish Mission Society it has put 500 additional workers the historic struggle between in the Congo in the last three In January this society was years. During this period Prot- Church and State: "The Protes- also one hundred years old. The estant Missions have suffered a Dansk Missionsblad published decline, and there is real danger tant pastors are saying things facsimile pages of the number of that they may be crowded out of Jan. 1, 1834, and gave the his- the field, although they have that drive at the very heart of tory of the leaders who have had gathered a constituency of ap- the editing of the mission paper proximately 500,000 in the past the Hitler doctrine. To fight for in hand. fifty years, one of the largest proportionate in-gatherings in freedom of religious thought is It is to the credit of Danish the history of missions. The Christians, that Protestant mis- need and opportunity for careto fight for freedom of thought. sions began more than 200 years fully planned and wisely admin- ago, when a Danish king sent istered religious education is ap- …… Civil freedom has disap- out the first Halle missionaries, parent, and if the need is not met Ziegenbalg and Pluetschau. quickly it may pass away from peared. This religious revolt Again, a Danish king, Frederick evangelical Christianity." the IV, and later FredericK gives the opportunity, with good VI, provided for the spread of Dr. John R. Mott is going to Christianity in East and West the Congo for a series of Concause and on a fair pretext, to India, and among the northern ferences in June. Finns and the people of Greenshow resentment and resistance land. The latter king ordered the Consecrated Gasoline Cans founding of A Collegium de to the excesses of the Nazi move- Cursu Evangelii Promovendo (a In conducting a communion service at Bailundo, West Africa, ment." The world is finding out that 2,000 years have not changed the truth that "where the Spirit of the Lord is, there is liberty." -Missions.

Brazilian Baptists in Portugal In 1907 Brazilian Baptists organized their first National Convention and appointed a Board of Foreign Missions. Millions of Portuguese live in that country, so these Brazilian Baptists began operations in Portugal. In 1911 the Brazilian Baptist Convention appointed Rev. John .J. Oliveira and his wife as the first missionaries to Portugal, fully supported by Brazilian Baptist churches. Six houses of worship have been erected, and a theological school is at present estab-

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

Rev. Henry A. Neipp found that ing up good children. There is a Mission Centennial there were only four cups for junior branch under the name use among several hundred na- of "Sunbeams." On April 18, one hundred tive Christians. In this same years ago, the first five missiondistrict he had just waged an There are four Wayfarer aries of the Berlin Mission Soenergetic war against tuber:cu- laws: ciety landed at the Cape of Good losis which is responsible for a Hope, and on September 24 of high death rate in Angola. He 1. A Wayfarer does her duty to the same year founded Bethany, at once set to work on the prob- God. the first mission station in lem, and solved it by having na- Orange Free State. The work tive tinsmiths cut up empty gas- 2. A Wayfarer helps others and is at present is carried on through olene cans and make then into a friend to animals. fifty-five main stations, with 436 cylindrical cups one and a half outposts and 1,156 preaching inches high· and three fourths 3. A Wayfarer always does her places, organized in five synods. inches wide. Next the cups were best in work and play. The field is manned by 113 made rust proof by paint and European workers, of whom disinfected in boiling water. 4. A Wayfarer is clean in thought, fifty are ordained missionaries, word and deed. and by nine hundred native Chief Tshekedi workers, of whom fifty-two are Honors are obtained in the five ordained pastors. The total bap- Chief Tshekedi of the Bam- main ways: (1) The Home Way tized membership is 76,827. angwato tribes, British Bechu- includes proficiency in household Twenty-five thousand nine hunanaland, whose banishment a arts. (2) The High Way calls dred and forty-five pupils are enyear ago aroused international for familiarity with surround- rolled in 369 schools. attention, has been reinstated in ings, nature study and athletic office and was warmly welcomed training. (3) For the Health -Lutheran News Service. by his people. Way, nursing hygiene, mother craft and child nurse vocations Football with Hymns The Christian chieftain was are stressed. (4) The Hand Way banished by a local British court calls for skill in basketry, simple In "Modern Industry and the for flogging a white man who toy construction, pottery, house African," J. Merle Davis says: had mistreated native women- decoration. (5) The Heart Way a flogging it was acknowledged requires an acquaintance with If outlets for recreational and emothat he richly deserved. The the Old and New Testament and tional instincts are not provided for Chief was subsequently reinstat- the memorization of chosen pas- the African he will aevise his own. ed by King George. sages. The sports day of a Christian village in Northern Rhodesia revealed a lack Prince George of England, In a recent rally at Pieters- of adequate channels for expressing who is making a tour of South burg, South Africa, Lady Clar- enthusiasm. The football umpire, Africa visited the chief in March endon, wife of the Governor who was a mission evangelist, carried and received a royal welcome. General said : "Wayfaring is one a large Bible, as badge of authority, Prince George shook hands with way of learning what God wants and held it aloft as the signal for Tshekedi and his mother, Queen us to do, and remember always, opening play. Between quarters the Semane, whose dramatic appeal that it is not color that counts players stood in line and sang hymns to the king on her son's behalf, with God, but character. Al- or beat drums. brought about his reinstatement. ready a great company having learned in the Way themselves, The spectators sometimes greeted African Girl "Wayfarers" are working to bring Light and the winning team by singing "The Hope and Joy to their own peo- Son of God Goes Forth to War," "Wayfaring" is a movement ple.-E. M. (Schaffer. while the defeated side would be conamong Negro girls in Africa soled with "Art thou weary, art thou somewhat similar to the "Girl -Congo Mission News. languid, art thou sore distressed?" Guide" organization in Europe. The Girl Wayfarers Association Statue of Livingstone -Missionary Herald. is a Christian organization, non- Christian girls not being eligible The big bronze statue of David WESTERN ASIA for membership. The aims are Livingstone which will soon be to help the girls of non-European standing near Victoria Falls is Palestine Becoming Modern races of South Africa to become having its passage guaranteed better Christians by training by the kindly hands of Scots, Norman Bentwich, a Jewish them in habits of truthfulness, and others, out of regard for the writer of Palestine, calls Great obedience, helpfulness, industry work and character of the mi;3- Britain the deliverer of both and courtesy; teaching services sionary whom it represents. The Arabs and Jews from the misand handcrafts useful to others Union Castle Steamship Com- government of the Turks. Here as well as to themselves; pro- pany will carry the statue free to are some of the benefits that moting their physical develop- Beira, and the Rhodesia Rail- came with the British mandate: ment, and making them good ways and the British South Af- Many good roads have been built. home makers, capable of bring- rican Company have agreed Jerusalem has four asphalt roads jointly to bear the cost of rail- radiating from it. Automobiles way transport over the former's are numerous. It took one whole system. It seems probable that day before the World War to the unveiling of the statue may travel the distance which now be arranged for August of this can be covered in one hour. It is year. -L. M. S. Chronicle. possible to motor from Dan to

Beersheba in five hours. Old twice from six o'clock until bed- Assam. Thirty years ago they railroads have been improved time we put the class in charge were head hunters. Now most and new ones have been con- for an entire day. They did of these people have become structed. There are now 774 everything, except teaching the Christians, and the changes miles of railways in Palestine. classes, from ringing the rising which Christianity has wrought A survey has been made for a bell at six in the morning, until among them are marvelous. line to run through the Jordan they rang for lights at nine Their superb music made a deep valley. A railroad has been pro- o'clock that night. They con- impression in all the places they jected to run from Haifa to Bag- ducted prayers, both in the upper visited. Besides singing their dad. Haifa is being made a safe school and in the primary de- own Lushai songs, they rendered harbor for the largest vessels. partment, dismissed classes, selections from classical music, Important sanitary measures proctored study hours, took the such as the Hallelujah chorus have been inaugurated. Malaria girls in to meals, asked the bless- from Handel's Messiah, and is being stamped out by draining ing, kept order in the dining brought fresh spiritual uplift the marshes. There is a cam- room and elsewhere, conducted and encouragement to many who paign against trachoma. Good the recreation period, all with a heard them sing. drinking water is being provided. quiet dignity which made us Jerusalem will have an abundant proud of them. This was not Music for Head-Hunters supply of good drinking water by done by a few outstanding stu- 1935. Civil and religious courts dents, but some part was as- At the meeting of the Naga have been established. There is signed to everyone of the thirty- Baptist Association a former freedom of conscience and wor- five in the class." head-hunter told how the veteran ship. No discrimination exists Dr. E. W. Clark taught the headon account of race, religion or Spiritual Gains in Arabia hunting tribes of Assam to sing language. many years ago. He said: The Arabian Mission, Re- -Presbyterian Advance. formed Church in America, The hymns differed so from our sends this encouraging report: war songs, which were sung in a Twelve Centuries of Depression monotone and accompanied with much The spiritual gains this year have motion, so that it was impossible for The National Council of the been enormous. Let me cite them: us to sing and yet stand still. So Episcopal Church says that in Five adults and two children bap- Dr. Clark devised a simple folk-dance Palestine th'e depression has tized, two or possibly three baptisms to the tune of "Jesus Loves Me" and lasted 1,200 years instead of five, in the near future, earnest enquirers by this method we learned many other and that the need is obvious for in practically every station, good Christian hymns. After a long time restoring spiritual and intellec- news from those who have confessed we learned to stand quietly while we tual life after these centuries of Him, and all of this spread through- sang, and now we are proud of the Moslem domination. In a total out the various stations of the Mis- songs that Jesus has put into our population of something over sion. With the above, we have re- hearts. 1,000,000 there are more than minded ourselves that new territory 90,000 Christians, and the ma- has been reached by missionaries; One of the outstanding feajority of them are of the Eastern Dhofar and Taif by men and Nejd by tures of the Association meeting Churches, Orthodox, Armenian, women for the first time. New build- was the singing of the 3,000 Syrian and others. The Anglican ings have been erected, greater delegates present. group numbers about 5,000. crowds attend preaching services, giv- Episcopal work among all these, ing greater opportunities for the pres- Duel With an Idol with a staff of thirty-five clergy entation of the message. The health and numbers of lay workers, na- of the missionaries has been good on Rev. Clarence Wolsted, of tive and foreign, includes over the whole, insuring a greater continu- Manamadura, South India, tells forty churches and missions, ity of the work. Weare deeply of the picturesque way one bold seven hospitals, fifteen schools. thankful for these manifestations of Hindu convert professed his Work among Moslems is mostly the presence of His Spirit in our Christianity: "Having made his in the initial stage of removing work, and our prayer is that the year decision, Jeyavelu announced It prejudice against Christianity, to come may be another of spiritual to his family and friends. Said largely through medical and edu- progress for all of us. they: 'Some terrible disaster cational work. will come to you. Make peace -Christian Intelligencer. with the gods before they take Student Government in Beirut revenge on you.' INDIA "The American Mis s ion " 'What gods?' asked Jeyavelu. School for Girls has been trying Transformed in Thirty Years They pointed to the idols, wherean experiment," writes O'Hara upon he ran and pushed one over M. Horne in Syria News. "The A singular demonstration of on the ground. The family extop class seemed steady enough, the transforming power of pected to see him struck dead inand after testing them by giv- Christianity was given in some stantly, but nothing happened. ing them charge of the school cities of North India by the visit Evening came and still nothing of a choir composed entirely of happened. The father and Lushai young men and women, mother did not expect their son arranged by the Student Chris- to survive the night. However, tian Movement. The Lushais next morning Jeyavelu was as are a primitive tribe living in the mountainous regions of

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

robust as ever. Jeyavelu called have you in your congregation?" are loving to me. My circle of friendon the villagers to leave the use- "Only one at present, but when ship included those of the same mind less stone image and join the and views. But this trip taught me Christians. The villagers re- we had our harvest festival every to love those whose views are diaplied, 'Beware or the terrible seat in the church was full. metrically opposite to mine. To love Karuppanasamy will get you.' When I came to live here I was all at all times has been revealed to the only Christian in the place, me as the true Christian spirit. "'We will try him out,' said and no one would listen to me, Jeyavelu, 'I will go and sleep be- but I thought if the people see Still another was "checked up" side the fierce Karuppanasamy that I build a house for the with this thought: If you had for several nights.. If he is able Christian God they will take no- enough of the love of Christ, you let him kill me.' tice of my message. I shall never would not be irritated. "It took rest till they have found the Lord agony of prayer and thought to "Some Christians feared that Jesus for themselves." see it. It cost much struggle some fanatical Hindu might but oh the joy of surrendering strike a blow in the dark to -The Golden Shore. the irritability to Him who can avenge the god. really take it away! Personally, Harvests in Pasumalai it was easy for me to see that if "But Jeyavelu slept beside the others have enough of the love much-feared idol night after To an outcaste village ten of Christ, they will not be irrinight, proving that idols are only miles from Pasumalai, India, tated but it was hard for me to stone." -Missionary Herald. came a widow who had chosen discover this truth for myself." the Christ-way while living in A Christian Sadhu Ceylon. So devoted and love- CHINA filled was her life that soon A sadhu of Mangalore, a con- twenty others came to the Encouraging Facts vert of the London Missionary church in Pasumalai for bap- Society, has taken the name, tism, saying, "We want the The new Directory of Foreign "Lover of the Cross," and Saviour which she has." About Missions reveals a decided adwanders all over India preach- a dozen of Pasumalai's finest vance of Christian missions in ing the Gospel. He has devel- lads, mostly from high-caste China, especially during the last oped the power of song, and homes, who have lived for sev- two years. It also shows a intersperses his address with eral years now with Christians, marked advance in cooperation. Indian lyrical music. His theme have decided to become Chris- For example, the Church of is the Victorious Life by obeying tians themselves. "We wish to Christ in China is the outgrowth the word of Jesus, to "Love your renounce idolatry," they said, of mission work done by 16 sepenemies, bless them that curse "to worship a god of justice and arate denominations from six you, do good to them that hate love, and to unite with Chris- countries, not including the efyou, and pray for them that de- tians everywhere in following forts of the Chinese themselves. spitefully use you and persecute Christ." -Missionary Herald. In 1932 this body had 821 oryou." He has been tested by per- ganized churches and 1,204 other secution, but holds fast to his Learning Through Fellowship preaching places; 334 ordained message. -Ralph Robertson. Chinese pastors, 1,088 evangel- A Burmese college girl writes istic workers and 120,676 mem- Building for God in Koinonia of what she learned bers. Into the southwestern through the fellowship in the province of Yunnan and into The Bishop of Accra, while Gospel Team. 'Manchuria, or Manchukuo, the resting under a tree, in an iso- Chinese Home Missionary Solated district, noticed a little I am by nature a cheerful person ciety, composed of 100 auxbuilding about ten feet long, with and have no difficulty in getting along iliaries, sends its missionaries. a cross on it. Further inspection with people. But now that I know Ninety-eight per cent of all revealed that this was a church what it is to be in a group, bound to- monies contributed in 1932 came within which was a rough altar, gether in the love of Christ with one direct from the Chinese. a hand-made cross, and three purpos~ne for the others and all little bamboo seats. As the for Christ-I can see that my idea of The Christian Educational bishop stood in the tiny sanc- Fellowship before, was pretty shallow. Association is composed of 11 tuary, a man rushed in, hot and I am now learning to go deeper in fel- provincial education organizadirty. He had heard of the lowship with Christ, and my brothers tions. Its membership is made bishop's arrival, and had come and sisters. Now I know what it is up of educators from almost all from his work on the land to ask to have freedom in Christ. denominations. The Christian for a blessing. Publishers' Association repre- One of the Karen leaders dis- sents 20 separate publishing "And who are you?" asked the covered, as follows: houses. Six of the largest misbishop. sionary societies working. in This Indian tour tested me and China have united to promote "I am the owner of the house," gave me many opportunities to detect economy in financial transache answered, "I built it with my my own defects as a Christian. See- tions, forming the Associated own hands, and I am the leader ing and acknowledging my own faults Mission Treasurers. The Naof the Church." and failures, is half as good as reach- ing the goal. Indeed, "Thy dross to "And how many Christians conSume and thy gold to refine," has come home to me with added force. To be specific, I can love those who

tional Christian Council repre- items, written in legible hand JAPAN-KOREA sents 24 organizations, and in simple language, to be posted equally important are other co- on the walls of village schools or Christianizing a Custom operating groups. Here are churches. These villages have no mail service or newspapers; Typically Japanese is the ansome of the resultant facts: even the teachers and well-to-do cient custom of placing offerings there is one Christian Chinese farmers know nothing of what on the "god-shelf" in memory of to every 1,000 population. Of is going on in the world outside. the departed, and of repeating To combat the evils of drink, the gifts at frequent intervals. the present outstanding Chinese gambling, drugs and the like, and A Christian woman in Sendai, to introduce ideas of hygiene, the whose little daughter died three leaders, one is a Christian to students again jump on their years ago has an offering box in every six non-Christians. And, bikes and pedal forth with which from time to time she as an indirect influence of Chris- charts, books and illustrated lec.; places money she would have tianity, in 1920-21 the Chinese tures. -Missionary Herald. spent for a toy or some other article or entertainment for the people contributed 66 % of the Christian Broadcasting little girl if she had lived. On the anniversary of her daugh- $37,000,000 spent in this great The Chinese Recorder gives an ter's death she presents the account of the opening of a whole amount to the Church as constructive work. Eleven years Christian radio station in Shang- a memorial offering. later, in 1932, the Chinese con- hai. The station is located in the tributed 95 <fa of the $73,000,000 heart of the city, its studio being Children's Bible Clubs spent for famine and flood relief. a part of the Christian Litera- ture Society building. At pres- There are now thirteen Chil- -A. L. Warnshuis. ent, the programs can be heard drens' Bible Clubs in Pyengyang in Shanghai, Hangchow, Ningpo City with an enrolment of about China Inland Development and Soochow. An increase in 1500, with half a dozen addition- power to make these broadcasts al such schools in country places, Since 1927 the establishment available throughout Eastern bringing the total number of of self-governing, self-support- China is to follow. The pro- children enrolled to above two grams are carefully prepared, thousand. The Bible is the basis ing churches has been the basis and include discussions of social of all studies except arithmetic. problems, character building Nature study and First Aid are of all policies of the China In- talks for children, health talks also taught, and there is a daily land Mission. Some dead wood given by mission doctors, short prayer hour. One period a day talks on "World Trends," home is devoted to physical exercise. was cut out, but since then there betterment talks, sermons, perhas been a new spirit manifest. sonal testimonies, and much The leaders of these Bible music. Family prayers are Clubs are students of the Union Today, of thirty-four churches, ten broadcast every morning. Christian College of Korea. Thirty of them direct Clubs are wholly self-supporting while others Toward Self-Support daily and teach in the afternoons and evenings. However, a few are yearly progressing toward this The Episcopal Missionary Dis- clubs are led by the students of trict of Shanghai is undertaking the Boys' Academy, Theological end. On the other hand employed to gradually achieve support of Seminary, and Women's Higher its thirty native clergy, all but Bible School. Some local church workers are comparatively few: the three of whom are supported by young people assist also. the National Council. The diochurches of the whole field are only cese now offers to accept a stead- Rev. Francis Kinsler in writ- ily diminishing amount for this ing of this work says: "News employing twenty-four workers, men work for twenty-five years ac- of what we are doing has spread cording to a carefully worked far and wide and the advertiseand women; of these, fourteen are en- out scale, until, after 1958, the ment thus received is now a bit Chinese work in the diocese will disconcerting. A letter came tirely supported from church funds be self-supporting. The plan as from a distant country town say- worked out is the result of many ing that twelve young boys there and others only partly from foreign years of study in China and in heard of our clubs and wanted the foreign missions department, to make connections with us. sources. It should be added that there and will make it possible for One boy wrote from the far each congregation to do its ut- Northeast, Ham-Kyung Provare a number of voluntary workers most, yet have what it lacks ince, to know the price of board made up from the central fund and room in the Bible Clubs; giving whole or part time in the serv- until full support is reached. two boys put in their appearance from the territory of one of our ice of the church. In the case of one itinerating missionaries, desir- ing to begin study at once. We church, wholly served by voluntary workers, the mission has confidently handed over to it the property in recognition of its spirituality and efficiency. '

-The Chinese Recorder.

School on Wheels "Vaseline, aspirin, castor oil and iodine"-this is not a college yell, just four of the twelve medicines which go into wooden boxes and are carried from Paotingfu School by young men who have successfully completed a course in first aid and lay "doctoring," and who go out during summer vacation to the villages where they vaccinate and give aid to people who receive them hospitably. "Road work" is an effective form of social service, and might be called a "school on wheels." Students use their bicycles to carry important news

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

have requests to begin clubs in is held amid the sipping of Jap- Christians. The past year has Seoul district and in the North anese tea and the munching of been one of organization, and thin wafers, and the speaker h; next will come a constructive Pyeng An Presbyteries."

plied with questions from his program. The account of a re- Memorial to Gospel Ship audience. cent :meeting in Taichu will give Through the sale of the Fu- Here all varieties of political some indication of the kind of kuin Maru, Gospel ship of the belief, from anarchy to fascism, things young people plan to do. have been aired, and here phi- Inland Sea, five new churches Six things are listed as impor- losophies from materialism to tant work for their society are being erected on the islands. the reputed synthesis of Zen to s p 0 n s 0 r. 1. Evangelism; Buddhism and Hegelian idealism Mrs. Topping, daughter of Cap- preaching in city streets and out- have been defended. Usually, lying villages. 2. Religious edutain Luke Bickel who gave his however, the conversation works around to religion where again cation; cooperation with Sunlife for the Islanders, reports day school program, form Bible- many views have been presented. reading groups. 3. Divide into the dedication of the third ~f Strangely e n 0 ugh, although groups for purposes of visiting these churches. Christians came there have been many who were Christian homes; holding cot- tage prayer meetings. 4. Athfor the ceremony from many indifferent to the claims of re- letics; ping-pong, swimming, ligion, and some who were anneighboring islands; many town tagonistic, yet there have been hikes. 5. Music; church choir, none to champion either Bud- village or city street hymn evandignitaries as well. The Secre- dhism or Shinto. The only ear- gelism. 6. Assist in marriage tary of the Japan Baptist Con- nest defender of the former con- cluded his argument saying that and funeral services. vention was there. -The Chinese Recorder. while he was a Buddhist he was Each of the five memorial churches has helped to finance its own construction, and all these funds were secured in less -Missions. than a year.

"Fellowship House,". Kyoto also a Christian. Stamps for Religious Work -The Christian Graphic. North of the campus of Im- The Dutch East Indies Govperial University in Kyo t 0 An Educator's Appraisal ernment has printed a set of ofstands a house with a metal sign ficial stamps for use on letters, bearing the inscription "Fellow- The recent death of Leigh the profit on which goes to the ship House," is open to students Hunt, an educator who organ- Salvation Army for their work daily from ten till ten. Fellow- ized "American Mines of North among lepers and beggar boys ship House is the home of a mis- Korea," recalls his testimony in Java and Sumatra. It is the sionary family of the Presby- printed in the Los Angeles Times first time in history that profits terian Church who have been as- in 1927: from stamps will go to religious signed to work among students. work. There are four stamps in The location is strategic for stu- I am one hundred per cent for the the series, showing the Army at dent contacts, as nine or ten in- missionaries. While I am not in the work in different ways. They stitutions of high school or col- least fitted to appraise the value of are sold at a slight advance on lege rank lie in this neighbor- their religious teachings in these cost, and are cancelled at the hood. The house is built as an oriental countries, I believe I am com- post offices with a stamp urging ordinary missionary home, but petent to express an opinion on the the public to buy "Salvation with a large, double room which general results of their work, as I Army stamps, and so help the serves as library, study, class have had ample opportunity to observe work in our land." room, recreation center and on them in Africa, China and Korea. occasion church and auditorium. Briefly, I respect them as the pioneers -Philippine Evangelist. Many levels of fellowship are of a better civilization in these back- ward countries. It has become quite The Philippine "Code" fashionable for globe trotters to criti- cise the missionaries and to point to them as trouble makers. Rather are they peacemakers as I view them, but known at this house, but the one unfortunately they are often used as a Evangelical churches of the "with the Father, and with his pretext by designing men for making Philippine Islands formed a code Son Jesus Christ" is the high trouble. . . . thirty years before political pargoal which the name suggests. ties ever thought of the idea. Little credit given for their great accomplishments. . . . When the true On the first Sunday of each story of the missionary in the Far This was the "Evangelical Union month a union student worship East is written he will be given credit of the Philippine Islands." The service, organized and conducted for blazing the trails into many wild by the Christian young people places for commerce to sneak in after first missionaries sent to the all danger was past. Philippines, Dr. James B. Rod- of the city working in conjunc- -Korea Mission Field. gers and Dr. David S. Hibbard, tion with the student associa- who arrived in 1899, were soon tions, is held here, and on other ISLANDS OF THE PACIFIO followed by missionaries of sev- Sundays a more informal serv- en denominations from America. ice is held, which takes its name News from Formosa In addition there were two Bible from the fact that after a brief From here and there in dif- Societies and the Y. M. C. A. address usually by an outside ferent parts of Formosa come In 1901 the churches on the speaker, a round table discussion reports of activity among young field formed the Evangelical

Union of the Philippine Islands. et of the S. V. M., (2) The the depression in this country or The preamble states that its pur- Movement's Twelfth Quadren- other circumstances beyond their pose was to secure economy, nial Convention (1935 – 1936) , control. This means care of the comity and efficiency in their (3) Christian Missions Abroad. sick, financial assistance, secur- service for the Kingdom of ing of employment, etc.

Christ in this archipelago." Philanthropy Drops, Relief Maintain relationship with They divided up the islands and Rises government, churches, the "Y"

provinces among the denomina- A "Fund-Raising" firm of con- and civic bodies in behalf of fortions, and gave to each a portion sultants, which keeps a record eign students.

of territory where it alone was of public gifts and bequests for Promote friendship and a responsible for the establish- religious and philanthropic pur- spirit of conciliation between ment of the evangelical faith in racial and nati'onal groups of poses, reports that such gifts in students, and pre-eminently, bethe hearts of the people. Manila 1933 were $6,411,311 as com- tween all foreign students and was necessarily common ground. pared with $14,777,747 in 1932. Americans through discussion groups, forums, and interna- This Union has functioned so Gifts for all forms of philan- tional week-ends in suburban well that practically all evangel- thropy dropped from $176,008,- churches. ical churches at work in the 914 to $142,543.547. Organized Child Labor islands have either united with relief rose, while gifts for eduit or cooperated in a whole- It is estimated that the new cation fell from $59,498,928 to industrial codes have released hearted way. The British and $14,552,988. Bequests far ex- 100,000 children under sixteen Foreign Bible Society turned years from industry. Another over its work to the American ceeded direct gifts. The reports 30,000 boys and girls sixteen to cover New York, Philadelphia, eighteen years have been re- Bible Society, and withdrew for Chicago, Baltimore, Washington the sake of economy and comity. and Boston. The Union is now called the Na- -Christian Advocate. tional Christian Council. moved foom especially hazardous -Presbyterian Advance. For Friendly Relations work. On the other hand, there NORTH AMERICA The years since the foundation are still approximately 240,000 of the Friendly Relations Com- children under sixteen years Cent-a-Meal Plan mittee in 1911 have seen the first working in occupations not cov- This plan, launched early in survey of foreign students in the ered by codes. Those children February by the Student Volun- United States published, the first are employed largely in industeers, has met with enthusiastic guide book for incoming stu- trialized agriculture, such as the response. It offers a unique way dents from abroad prepared, the production of sugar beets, cotof sharing in the cause of mis- plan of special gatherings for ton, tobacco, and truck farm sions. A Texas Student Volun- foreign students by Chambers of products, in street trades, espeteer in sending to headquarters Commerce, civic organizations, cially newspaper selling, and in a list of fourteen Cent-a-Meal and church Federations initiated domestic service. contributors writes: "Most of and national organizations of Following a custom of nearly us in the above list are planning Chinese, Japanese, Korean, Fili- 30 years, January 27-29, "Child to pause for one minute of pino, Latin American, East In- Labor Day" was designated by prayer for missions each time dian and Russian students in the the National Child Labor Comwe drop in a penny." Two Un- U. S. A. developed. The Friend- mittee. ion presidents are putting into ly Relations Committee has also -Watchman-Examiner.

the boxes an additional amount pioneered in holding internation- Methodist Schools equal to every nickel spent on al conferences and institutes, atcandy, movies or other "luxuries." tended annually by more than Dr. Frederick Carl Eiselen, 500 foreign students from 60 Corresponding Secretary of the So many pennies have been countries. Methodist Board of Education, put in the Cent-a-meal boxes of in his annual report gave the latthe United Church of Canada Here are some of the things est student enrolment of Meththat the government has had to odist educational institutions as ask the church officials to release the Committee is doing today: follows: them more frequently. There Provide port service and were not enough left for business Students purposes. Uncle Sam is asked friendly welcome for foreign students in New York, San Universities ……………. 33,177 to mint an extra supply. Almost Francisco and Seattle. Nation- Colleges ……………….. 16,896 a thousand attractive wooden wide plan of field visitation dealboxes have been placed in the Graduate School of Theology. 932 United States, and the money so ing face to face with foreign Junior Colleg-es …………. 631 students, faculty and other lead- Affiliated Colleges ………. 438 Secondary Schools ………. 2,950 ers on all matters affecting the Training- Schools ……….. 308 life of students from other lands. received will be apportioned Unclassified ……………. 41 equally among the following Meet emergency needs of for- Schools for Negroes ……… 2,932 eign students due to disturbed causes: (1) The Current Budg- conditions in their homelands, Total …………….. ~8~05

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

Dr. Merrill J. Holmes reports turban and on the turban was a the Horner Institute of Fine that public ,high schools for Ne- blue crescent. Three fezzed gen- Arts in Kansas City, Kansas, but groes are rapidly increasing in tlemen-on their vests the sym- because he was a Negro he was the Southern states. College en- bolic numeral 7 pierced by a not allowed to sit on the platrolment in Methodist schools for crescent – appeared in Mrs. form the day that Henry J. Al- Negroes has increased from 855 Smith-Bey's defense. They took len, Governor of Kansas, dis- in 1923 to 2,699 in 1933. During their oaths not on the Bible but tributed the diplomas. Yet one the past school year there were by Allah, holding up two fingers of his compositions was played 4,018 students enrolled in these of the right hand and five of the on that occasion!

schools, 2,699 of whom were of left. They invoked to their aid The 1930 "Who's Who" in- college rank, 374 in professional the principles of religious liber- cludes the names of 97 Negroes schools, 487 in high school de- ty set forth in the Constitution. who have achieved distinction, partments, and 468 in special -N. Y. Times. and made the world better for courses. having contributed something -The Christian Advocate. Hindu Missions to America toward its advancement. -The Presbyterian. Lutheran Laymen's Movement According to Hinduism, the Indian Contributions Increase benighted condition of the people The Laymen's Missionary of the United States calls for the Notwithstanding the drouth "Ramakrishna Mission of Hin- and grasshopper plague of the Movement of the United Lutheran Church in America, with duism," with India as its head- summer of 1933 and the increasheadquarters in Washington, D. quarters, to maintain ten inde- ing poverty of the Indians in C., has done much to promote pendent mission centers in the South Dakota, the Indian field cities of our land. These centers gave five per cent more last year stewardship education. In fact, that is its major objective. Ex- are to be found in New York than in 1932 for the Episcopal ecutive Secretary Arthur Black (2) , Washington, Providence, Church's program; and its quota payments were proporhas just announced comparisons Boston, Chicago, Portland, Ore., of the total requests for Every- tionately more than the pay- San Francisco, Hollywood and ments in the white field. Member Visitation literature in La Crescenta, Calif. Swani Nik- 1931-32-33. In the first year hilanda, in charge of one of the -The Living Church. 1,821 -pastors out of 3,500 or- New York stations, is authority dered pamphlets. The following for this list of "mission fields." Youth Movement in Canada year there was a slump to -Lutheran News Service. 1,700; but in 1933 – notwith- Believing that something is standing depression conditions- Negro Achievements fundamentally wrong with our 1,878 parishes of the United present human society, religious Lutheran Church gave their peo- Dr. George Washington Car- leaders in the Dominion of Canple promotional literature. ver, once a slave, equipped a lab- ada are launching what is to be oratory at Tuskegee from old known as "The Christian Com- Another work in which the scraps which he rescued from monwealth Youth Movement," Laymen's'Movement takes pride trash heaps; he has made land, which is a carefully planned atis the Student Beneficiary As- which produced a net loss of tempt to band together the older sistance. Eighteen of its boys $16.25 an acre, annually pay a young people in a nonpartisan were graduated from seminaries profit; has made synthetic mar- and undenominational movein 1933. At the close of the year, ble from wood shavings; insu- ment, towards spiritual advancesixteen of them had been placed lating walls for houses from ment. It is announced that this in full-time service in the peanut shells; fertilizer from is not to be a new organization, Church. They came from all sec- the muck of swamps; milk, but- but a social-religious movement, tions of the United States and ter, cheese, candy, instant coffee, having as its objective "a seriare serving both in the United pickles, sauces; oils, shaving lo- ous, adventurous, modern cru- States and Canada. tions, wood stains, dyes, lard, sade to achieve a new society."

Moslem Sabbath Recognized linoleum, flour, breakfast food, There is to be no interference stock foods, face powder, sham- with existing organizations, but Moslem children in the Bronx, poo, printers' ink, axle grease the movement will be an "all- New York, need no longer go to and tan remover from peanuts uniting agency," spiritually, in school on Friday, since a Bronx and 118 products from sweet po- all worthy efforts to make a court has recognized the Mo- tatoes. Christian land. Machinery is to hammedan Sabbath. The deci- Levi Dawson. leader of the be kept at a minimum, and the sion is regarded as a precedent. Tuskegee choir, has lately con- movement is to be fostered and The test case was that of Mrs. signed to Leopold Stokowski, encouraged largely through the Smith-Bey, native of South Car- leader of the Philadelphia Or- churches.

olina, who was charged with chestra, the first symphony ever Observers everywhere point keeping her four children from composed by a Negro writing out that there are two marked school every Friday since Christ- Negro music. Mr. Dawson was developments among young peo- mas. In court she wore a red graduated with first honors by ple in recent years. One is a

very, pronounced dissatisfaction would save Mexico. Once or twice a critical financial situation a with things as they are; the each week there appears in one of the letter was sent to all the other is willingness to enlist largest daily papers in Mexico an churches in South America, wholeheartedly in a movement editorial by an internationally-known which directly owe their foundathat can challenge their enthu- Protestant Mexican in which moral, tion to this Union. The situation siasm and energy. social, educational, even political was explained to them, and questions are discussed from the Scripture was quoted, remind- -Christian Observer. evangelical point of view. ing them that the churches founded in Paul's missionary LATIN AMERICA There seems also among the women journeys had contributed "to the a marked development of interest in necessity of the Saints at J eru- Spiritual First Aid the study of the Bible, evangelism, salem." The spirit shown in the social reforms, the betterment of their response is illustrated in the fol- Seven hundred pounds of homes, and better still, a deepening in lowing letter from an Argentine books were recently sent to their prayer life and a greater sense church: Puerto Rico as the gift of sev- of responsibility for the unsaved. eral pastors and seminary pro- This church has had a special servfessors to Presbyterian pastors -Presbyterian Survey. ice today to give thanks for all the of that island. Thirty-four or- blessings received through the kind dained Presbyterian pastors, all Encouragement from and self-sacrificing brethren in your native born, are in charge of the country during the last thirty years. Presbyterian parishes in the Guatemala Truly God has been with us. We have eastern part of Puerto Rico. been able to carry the Gospel to They are well educated and men- The work of the Guatemala neighboring towns where today there tally alert. In the poverty of Presbyterian Mission was never are flourishing and active churches. their people they share and so prosperous from a spiritual share alike, courageously facing point of view as it is today. Dur- Although our church is passing the problems of sheer existence, ing the Christmas season there through a difficult time financially, in involving constant battling with were over forty conversions in answer to your letter, very gladly and poverty, tropical diseases, illit- three churches of which Rev. with much brotherly love we send toeracy, and religiously under- Paul Burgess has charge. The day to the Treasurer of the Mission privileged areas. Their libraries growth in native leadership is a check for $75. We send this little necessarily are meager, and the keeping pace with the growth in help trusting that the Lord will fill library of the Union Theological numbers. Twenty years ago you with His richest blessing. Seminary at San Juan is itself there were two struggling evansorely inadequate and too remote gelical churches in Guatemala -South America. to be of practical service to its City. Today there are seven. In graduates in the other end of the Quezaltenango there was one. Christ Our Contemporary island. Today there are thirteen. "Jesus Our Contemporary" Ferment in Mexico There is scarcely a section in was a theme which packed a the western part of Guatemala large theater in Lima, Peru, with W. A. Ross, Presbyterian mis- that does not have an evangeli- leading men and women of that sionary in Coyoacan, Mexico, cal Christian on its Board of Al- non-Protestant city. The speakwrites that things are on the dermen, and in several towns er, George P. Howard, native of move in that country, the only there are Protestant mayors. Argentina, spoke in his motherquestion being in what ilirec- tongue, Spanish. A Lima paper, tion? In spite of government at- Montevideo Church Dedicated Inca Land, said of the meeting: tempts to eradicate God from the minds of the people-re- The dedication of Emmanuel Every seat was taken and people newed efforts to this end are be- Methodist Episcopal Church, were standing around the sides and in ing made-the people are think- Montevideo, last December was the aisles nearly half way to the plating and that is a great gain. an event in Uruguayan Protes- form. It was a never-to-be-forgotten tantism. It was built without experience as we looked out over that Wholesome and hopeful cur- expense to the Board of Foreign audience of diplomats, business men, rents are seen in the following Missions, the cost being contrib- university professors and students, instances cited by Mrs. Ross. uted locally. working men, women of every class of society, who were listening, m;any of On New Year's Eve, most of the The service was marked by them for the first time, in conservaevangelical churches were full of wor- the presence of many guests of tive Catholic Lima, to a good oIdshipers, thanking God for blessings honor, including Bishop Juan fashioned Gospel sermon put in modof the year and interceding with Him Gattinoni, Dr. Pacheco, rector ern language so that they understood for larger ones for the year to come. of the National University; of- it. They got a vision of Jesus as the I know of churches that are perfect ficial representatives of the gov- manifestation of God, interested in beehives of activity; I know of a ernment and leading members of every problem of human welfare, and small prayer band that meets almost the Pan-American Conference, possible as a present-day experience daily for intercession for the coming including Secretary Cor del L in the life of every man. It was a far of Christ's Kingdom, of another Hull. All services are in English. different view of Jesus than the ordigroup meeting weekly for the same nary person in this country has, who purpose. A man politically prominent -Christian Advocate. thinks of Him as having been dead declared that Christ and not Lenin all these centuries and as existing Argentina Responds only as an image to be worshiped in musty temples or carried in religious When the Evangelical Union processions. It is impossible to meas- of South America last year faced ure the far-reaching effects of that lecture, but it is certain to open up a new field of work here in Peru.

~' '~

Our Missionary Bookshelf r I Recent Books Reviewed for the Readers' Information i ~,o.=;;;l= = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = – = -I~ TlheChristian Message for the World gave Jesus Christ to history in a in the U. S. A. rendered only a To-day: A Joint Statement of the "cooperation" of courtesy, not of World-Wide Mission of the Chris- way in which He gave no other participation, in this "Inquiry." tian Church. 203 pp. $1.50. Round Table Press. New York. 1934. historical figure. In Him the Missionaries of all Boards cor- dially assisted the "Fact-finders" One could not expect unity of Word became flesh, the inter- to find the facts. The volume of thought and aim from a group Regional Reports, apart from pretative, creative Word of God. the "Background," by Dr. Rufus as diverse in their theological outlook as those who are respon- God incarnated Himself in Jesus M. Jones, which was unfor- tunately crowded out from "Resible for this interesting volume. for a redemptive and creative thinking Missions," is chiefly a Nine chapters, by nine authors, recasting of the material in the deal with the Christian message task, so that he was uniquely the Fact-finders' volume, with some additions, and, as little more and how it is to be presented in Son of God. . . . .. Between rea- than an overflow volume for the the world of today and to the Appraisal, is the least valuable mood of our own generation, in son and the Cross there will be of the three volumes in relation to China. the present economic crisis, and an unending conflict. Otherwise, with Communism and Fascism The larger Fact-finders' volbidding for world dominion. the Cross would cease to be the ume shows an immense amount of personal investigation as well The writers are: E. Stanley cross. But when before the as study of the extant literature, J ones, Kenneth Scott Latourette, in which much of the matter can John A. MacKay, Francis J. Mc- Cross stands not a detached be found but only by repeating the research. The collected and Connell, Basil Mathews, Francis spectator, but a man, broken be- collated information thus sup- B. Miller, William Paton, Henry plied is of great reference value, cause he has looked into the not too largely vitiated by at- P. Van Dusen, and Luther Allan tempts at "appraisal." Therein Weigle. abyss of the human heart, his lies the marked contrast with "Re-thinking Missions," the pur- Although in the Foreword we own and others; the words 'Be- posed helpfulness of which has been so largely lost through the have a clear statement of their hold the Lamb of God who tak- permeating evidences that the common ground of faith, the Appraisers w ere qui teas question recurs again and again, eth away the sin of the world' strongly influenced by precon- ceived theories and judgments as as one peruses the book, how far sound as a Gospel of hope." by the Fact-finders' reports and these writers can walk together their own observations. The final chapter on "The before their ways of thought The Fact-finders' volume has part asunder. Their witness Missionary Motive," by E. Stan- deepened the reviewer's impresdoes not entirely agree either as sion that the great mistake of ley Jones, suffers from an inade- the Laymen was the sending of to the purpose of missions, the the second Commission. A colcontent of the message, or the quate conception of the meaning lation and condensation of the Fact-finders' reports, with their goal of history and of redemp- of the Atonement; otherwise it comparatively objective and untion. One of the writers says: prejudiced "findings," would "The appearance of the Church is challenging. The crisis of have done far more to further the cause of missions. At the Universal does not await either missions and of God's judgment same time the Fact-finders' rea catastrophic apocalyptic event ports are manifestly prejudiced in the world today are indeed or the birth of an organizational genius." We can do it ourselves, inescapable. One wonders, howif we will! In the chapter on The Purpose of Missions we have ever, whether the striking symonce more the theology of "Rethinking Missions" presented in bol on the jacket of the book a diluted form. One could not represents a red and rising, or wish for a stronger presentation a lurid and a setting sun. "We as to the heart of the message than that by Dr. John A. Mac- must work while it is day, for Kay on "The Gospel and Our Generation." He says: "God the night cometh when no man can work." S. M. ZWEMER.

China: Laymen's Foreign Mission Inquiry Supplementary Volumes ii and iii. Edited by Orville A. Petty. 8 vo. pages 225 and 725. $1.50 each. Harpers. New York, 1933.

Volume ii consists of Regional Reports of the Appraisal Com- mission, and volume iii com- prises the digested material provided by the "Fact-finding experts" who preceded the "ap- praisers." In view of the some- what ambiguous language used in both volumes, it should be said again that the "seven Boards"

Any of the books noted in these columns will be sent by the REvmw pubH"hers on receipt of price.

[ 253 ]

against the "conservative" and freshing because it gives a vivid tional life of India," and as one the "traditional"; they give too picture of a· wholesome moun- whom "succeeding generations much weight to testimony from tain girl carried off by raiding will rise up and call ….. blessed. certain critical sources; they do soldiers without descending into A great religious leader . . . . . . a not make a just allowance for unnecessary realism. The plot true patriot ….. a symbol …. . hampering conditions and inade- is exciting enough to satisy a representative of India's right quate force and funds and they young people with its commu- to the fullest freedom." offer "counsels of perfection." nist plots and its bandit in- While removing the myth of Yet the volume contains many vasions, yet it makes one under- Christian allegiance from Mr. valuable papers, such as those on stand without explanations why Gandhi, whose true Hindu status the Inquiry as a whole, Major China is in chaos today. One is clearly presented, the biog- Problems of China Evangeliza- closes it with the impression that rapher admits him to be in many tion, Church and Mission, the with the fine idealism that is at respects "a follower of Jesus Missionary, Relations with Gov- work the forces of good will win. Christ as a 'teacher from God'" ernments, Rural Reconstruction, The book ends a little abruptly. and a man whose religion might Industrial Problems, Leadership, There are situations one would be called "Christianized Hindu- Education, Religious Education, have liked to have seen carried ism." In a revealing letter Medical Missions, and China's farther and it lacks a bit of the (printed in facsimile) from Women and Work for them. In charm of Lady Fourth Daughter, Mahatma Gandhi to Mrs. Chiswiftly changing China, .statis- Mrs. Brewster's Mission Study tambar, giving reasons why he tics rapidly lose value, but there Book, but her characters are still remains a Hindu, are three is much in this volume which real. The book is valuable to challenging questions: "Why do will not prove ephemeral. everyone who wishes to under- you think that an orthodox C. H. FENN. stand China. The reviewer is glad to have read it. Hindu cannot follow out the Ser- The Protestant Churches and the In- mon on the Mount?" "Are you dustrial Crisis. By Edmund B. JEAN C. CORRAN. sure of your knowledge of an Chaffee. 8 vo. $2. Macmillan. New orthodox Hindu ?" "Are you York. 1933. Mahatma Gandhi, His Life, Work sure that you know Jesus and and Influence. By J ashwant Rao his teachings?" This book is a challenge to the Church to study the industrial Chitambar. 266 pp. $2.00. Wins- Mahatma Gandhi has done ton. Philadelphia. 1933.

conditions and to apply the Gos- This account of the outstand- much to bring Jesus' teachings pel of Christ to their betterment. ing Indian character is so read- into world prominence. As The Labor Temple, New York, is able, so full of the rapid move- Bishop Chitambar says: "His in the center of industrial unrest ment of current happenings, that acknowledgment of his indebtedand is the subject of criticism one reads on unaware of the ness to the Christian religion because of the radical and even clock. It is a fair and accurate should act as a stimulus to the atheistic element that is per- account of the stirring activities Christian workers to make Jesus mitted there to express opinions of India's greatest leader, com- Christ and His teachings known and to carryon propaganda. ing from the pen of a Christian everywhere." The attitude of The pastor of the Temple doubt- nationalist who is the first Indian the Christian Church should be less makes mistakes of judgment Methodist Bishop, a much loved one of friendliness towards the and in the lack of evangelistic figure to many also in America. Mahatma and the Nationalists. preaching but he writes with Dr. Chitambar makes frank Moreover Mr. Gandhi's emphasis understanding and sympathy avowal of his conviction that on religion will help to meet the gained from his knowledge of India's political future lie s wave of materialism and secularthe industrial problems. His within the British connection, ism now in evidence in India. twelve chapters deal with the re- with responsible self-government ,Dr. Chitambar finds in -this lation of religion to economics, on a dominion basis. But the unique Hindu's life-work and the unemployment and crime. The author shows that he is com- new spirit abroad in India a author's view of the Kingdom of pletely sincere in his devotion to challenge to the C h r i s t ian God is social and economic rather India's welfare and in his ad- Church "to demonstrate by her than based on individual regen- miration for Mahatma Gandhi. life that in Jesus Christ India's eration but he points out the In his preface he says: "I lay problems will find their solution need to manifest Christian love this biography of her selfless son and that the Christian religion and sacrificial service. But the as a humble tribute at the feet both satisfies and works ….. . Cross of Christ is the manifesta- of Mother India." This is the time to move fortion of God and the Way of Life. Bishop Chitambar's estimate ward."

Maidee of the Mountains. A Story of of the man and his work is one In the final chapter on "The Present Day China. By Mary of discriminating admiration. Brewster Hollister. 153 pp. $1.50. Admitting that Mr. Gandhi's po- Indian Outlook," Dr. Chitambar reveals his concern for the ex- Revell. New York. 1933. litical plans have ended in com- ample set by the West. "What "Maidee of the Mountains" is parative failure, he nevertheless the world needs today is not a refreshing book. Moreover it hails him as one who has "made more battleships and airships, is intensely interesting. It is re- an indelible impress on the na- but more friendships." He

OUR MISSIONARY BOOKSHELF

pleads that in the "Land of the tached to each chapter are ex- city of 150,000, and the terminus Free," the colored races shall ceedingly rich. Comparatively of an important caravan route "enjoy the public privileges and little space is devoted to Chris- from Lhassa, the Tibetan capbenefits which are his by right tian missions and little to the ital. Here he made many of his character and citizenship." Boxer Uprising, or even to Sun friendly contacts with peoples Yat Sen and his reform move- who could not be reached Christian missionaries in Asia ment. We might have expected through the Chinese language. will be grateful for the further each of these topics to be dealt There were Mongols coming on evidence of this book that Chris- with more fully on account of tian leaders in the younger their influence on Chinese life pilgrimages to the famous Kumchurches are no less ardent and history. A tremendous bum monestary; wealthy Mopatriots than are the leaders of amount of valuable information the older indigenous religions; has, however, been collected, hammedan traders from Kansu; and that the sacrificial message skillfully arranged and packed and chiefly Tibetans whose exof the Cross has awakened new into small space. For the genmultitudes in India. eral reader and any who desire tensive lamasaries surround the a reliable introduction to things city – Sining, known as "The B. C. HARRINGTON. Chinese, these volumes will take the place of Dr. S. Wells Wil- Door of Tibet." The author The Chinese – Their History and liams' "The Middle Kingdom"- Culture. By Kenneth Scott Latour- long the most reliable and com- writes: "I had noticed the Tib- ette. 2 vols. Maps. 8 vo. 506 prehensive work on China and etans, going and coming, but be- and 389 pp. $7.50. Macmillan. the Chinese, in English, but now yond gifts of Christian literature New York. 1934. out of date. in their own language nothing These are two unusual vol- Dr. Latourette's valuable vol- was being done to bring the Gosumes of an unusual race. The umes are too condensed to be in- Chinese and their history are teresting reading but they are pel to them." It was with this unique and wonderfully interest- rich in information. Many of burden on his heart that Mr. ing-and perplexing. Like their the facts-as to dynasties, his- Learner went on furlough to picturesque and difficult lan- torical events, divisions and deguage they need a skilled inter- velopment might be made more England where he presented the preter, and they have this in Dr. easily accessible in charts. There need and opportunity so effec- Latourette, the Willis James are almost no annotations giving Professor of Mis s ion sand authorities for statements but tively that he returned with Oriental History of Yale Uni- these will be found in the text funds for a Gospel Inn at Sining versity. Formerly he was a mis- and may be looked up in the sionary in China and later edu- bibliographies. The index is and permission to devote himcational secretary of the Student very complete and sixteen pages self to work for the Tibetans in Volunteer Movement. A pre- are devoted to proper names and their own language. vious volume, "The History of Chinese words with their corre- Missions in China" gave us the sponding Chinese characters- This small book makes no premost complete and up-to-date valuable only to students of Chi- tensions to literary style but it is and the sanest record of the nese. The outline map in Vol- clearly and interestingly writ- Christian movement in China ume II shows only the political and now these two monumental boundaries and divisions, the ten, containing information volumes give a clear and reliable principal rivers and railroads, about this remote people and picture of the Chinese. The first the Grand Canal and a very few volume deals with the people leading cities. their strange customs. The themselves, their home, their author shows a real appreciation origin, their history from 221 As the reader studies this his- B. C. to 1933 A. D. The second tory and culture of the Chinese, of the personalities residing in volume takes up their racial he is impressed by their remarkcharacteristics, the i r govern- able character and is filled with these unwashed nomads, clad in ment, their economic and social hope for the future. sheep skins worn fur-side in, life, their religion, art, lan- "and verminous withall"; their guages, dialects, education and Rusty Hinges. A story of doors being faces reeking with the rancid literature. The whole study is opened in N. E. Tibet. By Frank a masterpiece-accurate, up-to- Doggett Learner, F. R. G. S. 150 butter as protection against the date, interpretive and well writ- pp. 28. China Inland Mission, Lon- cold. Their ready hospitality ten. In such a condensed record don, and Philadelphia. 1933. of facts there is little room for enabled him to know them intithe personal narratives and inci- The China of the missionary's mately, as he sat with them dents that add human interest. labors is Tsinghai, an adminis- The author has evidently done trative area founded in 1928 out around the tent fires, drinking an immense amount of work in of parts of North Tibet and buttered tea, thrusting his hand research, and the bibliographies West Kansu provinces, with its of Chinese and foreign books at- provincial capital at Sining, a into the common pot for the in- evitable mutton stew, and sleep- ing on the tent floor with the family at night.

Mr. Learner writes not solely as a missionary but also as a traveler in an unfamiliar part of the world. One chapter tells of a trip to KokoNor, the beautiful inland sea into which seventy- two rivers drain their waters, making the exploring of its sur- roundings a task not to be lightly undertaken. Another chapter describes the two great religious festivals held yearly at the

. famous Kumbum Monastery, the lay them aside without reading them The Day's Worship. Edited by to the end, because he is m;ade to feel, Charles B. Foelsch. 16 mo. 385 pp. Devil Dance and the curious as never before, his worthlessness and 75 cents. United Lutheran Publica- helplessness-the worthlessness even tion House. Philadelphia. 1933. Butter Festival for which the of the best that he thinks and does. Not only the sinner but the righteous These excellent devotional idols, great and small, are man is brought to judgment and must readings include Scripture pas- cry for mercy. Therefore the reader sage, comment and prayer for formed of the always useful and may say to himself: "Can I do noth- every day in the year. Each ing that is acceptable to God? Noth- day's selection will take less than plentiful butter. The Tibetan's ing that is worth while? Does not five minutes to read but the re- this lead to hopeless despair? Am I sult may make an eternal differreputation for being the most re- not robbed of all power of moral en- ence. The daily readings are deavor?" grouped under general headings ligious people in the world is for each week – The Eternal That is precisely the effect that the God, Salvation, Providence, Sin, well shown, not only by their preachers intend to produce in the Conscience, the Atonement, reader or the hearer. For man must Prayer, Meekness, Christmas, long and difficult pilgrimages to be overcome, humbled to the dust, be- etc. All are Biblical, reverent, fore God can lay hold of him, lift him practical. An index shows the various lama-services, where the up, mould him; to and for His eternal many authors of the comments purpose. -mostly American Lutherans. rapid turning of prayer wheels It is good to see the Barthian New Books may win them untold merit, but theology at work in this way in actual evangelization, but one Civilization of the' Old Northwest. every act of every day, in tent feels that there is more to the Beverley W. Bond, Jr. 543 pp. Gospel than here appears, more $3.50. Macmillan. New York. or saddle, is performed to the joy and freedom and fellowship, and one turns again to the The Church Looks Ahead..Edited by constant accompaniment of their wealth of the New Testament Chas. O. Schofield. 400 pp. $3.00. and its fulness of life and truth, Macmillan, New York. one prayer formula, "Om maui as from shadows to sunlight. padme hum," as the rosary beads Kidnapping the Constitution. Lucy R. E. S. W. Peabody. 110 pp. N. A. Lindsey slip ceaselessly through their & Co. Marblehead, Mass. Sangre Judia. By W. M. Montano. fingers. 82 pp. Lima, Peru, San Agustin. The Larger Parish-A Movement or 1933. an Enthusiasm. Edmund deS. With this natural religious- Brunner. 95 pp. 50 cents. Insti- This remarkable little book, tute of Social and Religious Reness, Mr. Learner found his by a Bolivian writer and pub- search. New York. lisher, Dr. Walter M. Montano, Tibetan friends disposed to is called forth by the recently The Trail of Life in the Middle renewed Jewish question in Ger- Years. Rufus M. Jones. 250 pp. listen with interest to the Gospel many. The author looks upon $2.00. Macmillan. New York. the Jews as God's "chosen peostory, as they heard it from ple" and approaches his subject Annals of an Indian Parish. Stephen from the Biblical standpoint. Neill. 68 pp. Is. Church Missiontheir host in the hospitable at- He gives a history of Jewish per- ary Society. London. secutions throughout the world mosphere of the Gospel Inn; and and shows that they were fore- "Lu Taifu." Charles Lewis, M.D. told in Holy Writ. He devotes Robert E. Speer. 216 pp. $1.00. many were quick in recognizing considerable space to the Zion- Board of Foreign Missions, Presby- istic contentions, to which he terian Church, U. S. A. New York. the better way even when not at seems sympathetic, and also treats of the final judgment, the The Pilgrim Path: A Story of an once prepared to break with the Coming of the Messiah, the African Childhood. Godfrey Calla- Israelitic Restoration, the hope way. 153 pp. S. P. G. London. old. of the Liberator. He closes with a prayer to Christ, as follows: The Eclipse of Christianity in Asia: The author's expressed aim is "Blessed Christ, my eternal From the Time of Mohammed Till King, lead me by the hand to that the Fourteenth Century. Laurence "to create a keen missionary place of everlasting splendor, the E. Browne. 198 pp. lOs. 6d. Cam- home of Thy Father, which Thou bridge University Press. London. interest in the mysterious land hast promised to Them that are Thine, saying, 'Let not your India and Oxford: Fifty Years of the of Tibet." ALICE FENN. heart be troubled, ye believe in Oxford Mission in Calcutta. 79 pp. God, believe also in me. . . . .. I Is. S. P. C. K. London. Come Holy Spirit. By Karl Barth am the Way, the Truth and the and Eduard Thurneysen. 287 pp. Life; no one cometh to the Fa- "To What Purpose?" Matshal Broom- $2. Round Table Press. New York hall. Illus. 88 pp. Is. C. I. M. City. 1934. ther, but by me.' " London.

It is not clear whether all the THEODORE BENZE. Japan Illustrated. Illus. 958 pp. Y15. sermons gathered in this book Nippon Dempo News Agency. were by Barth, selected and ar- Tokyo. ranged by Thurneysen, or whether some of the sermons are Suggested Methods for the African Thurneysen's, as is probably the School. Harold Jowitt. Illus. 304 case. As President Richards, pp. 6s. Longmans, Green. London. one of the translators points out, all represent the Barthian school. He says: The sermons are not popular, clever, eloquent pulpit discourses such as the modern audience is accustomed to hear and to applaud …… They cannot be easily cOllljprehended, because they are so different in form and content from any sermons that have ever been published in this or any other age. They must be read and pondered again, until the truth in them becomes spirit and life in the reader.

The aim of the sermons is to give God's answer to man's primary needs -his deep, inward, spiritual needswhich must be satisfied before any other needs can be satisfied. The sermons, therefore, do not soothe or please or flatter the reader. He may

China's Geographic Foundations: A 5 NEW AND SECOND-HAND

Survey of the Land and Its People. THEOLOGICAL BOOK George B. Cressey. Illus. 423 pp. $4.00 McGraw-Hill. New York. LARGEST STOCK IN AMERICA. Over half a million THE- OLOGICAL BOOKS. Classified by subject. CATALOGUES The Dutch East Indies: Its Govern- free. Correspondence and "Want Lists" invited. ment, Problems and Politics. Amry Vandenbosch. Map. 385 pp. $3. Please Mention THE MISSIONARY REVIEW. Erdman. Grand Rapids. SCHULTE'S BOOK STORE The Empty Quar.ter: The Great South Desert of Arabia Known as Rub' al Obituary Notes Mrs. Thomas Moody, for forty- Khali. H. St. J. B. Philby. Illus. four years an American Baptist mis- 457 pp. 218. Constable. London. Robert A. Long, lumberman and sionary in the Belgian Congo, died on philanthropist, of Kansas City, Mo., November 17th just as she and Mr. Tanganyika and Its Future (World died after an operation on March Moody were about to leave the field Dominion Survey Series). Julius 15th at the age of eighty-three. Mr. and to retire from active service. In Richter. 112 pp. 38. 6d. cloth; 28. Long was president of the American the past thirteen years more than 6d. paper. Christian Missionary Society, the 10,000 Africans in this mission have Brotherhood of Disciples of Christ, been won to faith in Christ. The Republics of South AmeriCL the Christian Board of Publications Ke~eth Grubb. 153 pp. 38. Royal and a trustee of Bible College of Mis- *** InstItute of International Affairs. souri. He gave at one time over a London. million dollars to the Christian Mis- Rev. William Ellsworth Strong, sionary work of the Disciples of D.D., for 24 years a secretary of the {odem Samoa: Its Government and American Board of Commissioners for Changing Life. Felix M. Keesing. Christ. **• Foreign Missions, died March 7th aft.. 50.6 pp. 168. Allen and Unwin. er a long illness. Dr. Strong began London. The Rev. Dr. James Boyd Hunter, work with the A. B. C. F. M. in 1907 since 1920 editor of The Christian In,.. following his father, Dr. E. E. Strong. Taming Philippine Headhunters: A telligencer, New York, died of a heart He was editor of the Missiona7'1l Study of Government and of Cul- attack at his home in River Edge, Herald, then editorial secretary, then tural Change in Northern Luzon. N. J., on March 18. foreign secretary. His book "The Felix M. Keesing and Marie Kees- Dr. Hunter was born in Scotland, Story of the American Board" is rec- iug. 288 pp. 108. 6d. Allin & Un- on April 5, 1863, and was brought to ognized as the official record of the win. London. the United States at the age of 4. He first 100 years of its work. was graduated at Princeton in 1889, West African Culture. O. T. Faulkner and from the Union Theological Sem- **• and J. R. Mackie. 168 pp. 88. 6d. inary in 1892. Cambridge University Press. Lon- After holding various pastorates in President Gintaro Daikuhara of don. New York and in Jersey City he be- Doshisha University, died on Friday, came editor of the official weekly of March 9, at the Prefectural Hospital, South and East African Year Book the Reformed Church in America. Kyoto, after an appendicitis opera~ and Guide, 1934. Edited by A. S. ••• tion. and G. G. Brown. Atlas. 1193 pp. Miss Ella Cecilia Shaw, who died 28. 6d. Low. London. in Nanking, China, December 22, President Daikuhara was born on 1933, at the age of seventy-one, went January 4, 1869, in Nagano Piefec- Jesus Christ and World Evangeliza- as a missionary of the Methodist ture, he was the son of Shinichi and . tion. Mis s ion a r y Principles: Church in 1887. Her first interest was was later adopted by Koichi Daiku- direct evangelism for women. In city hara. He was graduated from the Christ's or Ours? Alexander Mc- and country, she spent the best years Agricultural College, Tokyo Imperial Leish. 188 pp. 28. and 38. Lutter- of her womanhood going from village University, in 1894; appointed Engi- worth Press. London. to village, taking a Bible woman with neer of the AgriculturalExperitn~ntaI her, but always herself teaching from Station in 1895; Lecturer of the Ag- The Use of Material From China's house to house, and praying in the ricultural College, Tokyo Imperial , Spiritual Inheritance in tbe Chris- homes of the people. She was the sis- University, 1909; became Professor ter of Dr. W. E. Shaw, member of the of the Kyushu Imperial University in tian Education of Chinese Youth: Methodist Board of Foreign Missions. 1921 and the President in 1926-1929. A Guide and Source Book for Chris- He was elected president of the tian Teachers in China. Warren Doshisha on November 1, 1929, thus Horton Stuart. 202 pp. Oxford succeeding Joseph Hardy Neesima, , University Press. New York. the first president and found~.

The Doctor Abr:;oad: The Story of W'inona Lake School ff Theolc-g the Medical Missions of the London WINONA. LAKE, INDIANA. Missionary Society. Ernest H. Jeffs. Illus. 80 pp. lB. Livingstone Evangelical, Scholarly, InterdenolDinationai Press. London. COURSES: Old Testament (Isaiah). Engli.h New Teltament (Romani. Gal.). Church History; CcI__ Religious and Cosmic Beliefs of Cen- paratiTe Religions and Mi••ions, Ministerial and Church Efficiency, Greek New Tatalllent. tral Polynesia. 2 Vols. R. W. Wil- liamson. 309 pp. 258. Cambridge Two Semesters of 15 Days each: July 5 to Aug. '11 University Press. London. Work leading to regular Theological Degrees. The Living Religions of the Indian People. N. Macnicol. 108. 6d. Stu- For Ministers, Teachers, Mi••ioDllriea aDd Laymea dent Christian Movement Press. London. Almost a 1C0re of state. (beside foreign countries). and an equal number 01 chore.

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Life Berond Death in the Beliefs of FACULTY: SAMUEL M. ZWEMER. KYLE M. YATES. GAlUS J. SLOSSER. J. <;A"P~ Mankmd. James Thayer Addison. WHITE. J. A. HUFFMAN. . .. 308 pp. 88. 6d. Allen & Unwin. London. Send lOt' a 12·Page FTee prospectus at once to MARION, 1Nb1AN,:A Communism and the Alternative. A. DR. J. A. HUFFMAN J. Penty. 128 pp. 38. 6d. Student Christian Movement Press. London.

Win the MOSLEM

BY USE OF THE GOSPEL IN PRINT The Good News of Christ, interpreted to Moslems through the Christian Life and literature, is winning a hearing for the Gospel in many lands.

Will you help to supply this needed Christian literature for millions who have never heard the Gospel in Egypt Syria 1r.1e Chine Pem. Jav. Morocco P.lestine Indi. Sum….. AI,ien Turkey M.laysi. South A&lc:a Tunis Ar.bi.

Send your help to the missionaries in these countries through The American Christian Literature Society for Moslems Cooperating with Interdenominational Committees on the Reid.

BOARD OF MANAGERS William I. Chamberlain, Ph.D., President n Delavan L. Pierson, Dr. Robert E. Speer, of N~ York, Vice-Presidents Mrs. William Bancroft Hill, Honorary Vice-President Dr. James untine, Corresponding Secretary Rev. S. M. Zwemer, D.O., General Secretary Miss May S. Blanvelt Dr. John H. Raven Rev. Robert W. Searle, D.O. Mrs. Finley J. Shepard Rev. Thomas S. Oonohugh Wilbert B. Smith Rev. A. C. Snead Rev. Mills J. Taylor, D.O. Mrs. J. M. Montgomery John W. Wood, O.C.l.

Gifts may be lent to Mrs. E. E. Olcott, Trealurer, at 116 East 68th St., New York City Apply for information to THE SECRETARY, 25 East 22nd Street, New York City Look for Our Special Numbers This year THE REVIEW plans two special numbers dealing with the study topics for 1934-5.

THE ORIENTALS IN AMERICA The home mission topic is up to date and will be dealt with in our JUNE number and will include articles, illustrations and statistics concerning Chinese, Japanese. Koreans, Filipinos and East Indians in America. Among these articles are the following: Who Are the Orientals in America-A. W. Palmer Intimate GIimpaes of Chinese in America-PhilipF.Pa,ne Oriental Viewlof American Life-Various Orientals Oriental Students in United States-ehas. D. HU7Te:Y How Can We Understand Orientals 7-Chas. R. Shepherd Some CInistian Orientall in America-Various Authors Outstanding Work for Orientals-Various Authors CHRISTIANITY IN JAPAN, TODAY AND TOMORROW The foreign study topic is most timely and interesting and will occupy our October number. Among the subjects to be discussed there are the following: The lnOuence of Christianity in Japan-S. H.Wainright Some Outstanding Japanese Christians-H. W. M,e-rs Japan—A Problem or a Challenge-chas. W. Iglehart Present-Day Religioll in Japan-A. K. Reischaue-r AJapanese View of Christian MiuioDl-E. C. Hennigar Christ and the Yoath of Japan-W. C. LAmott Order Your Copies in Advance-NOW! 25 Cenl3 a Copy, $20.00 per hundred THE MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING COMPANY Third and Reily Streets I: Harrisburg, Pa.

The Missionary Review of the World — May 1932

1932

THE "Lo Mo" of San Francisco Arthur J. Brown An Intense Probletn in Persia James H. Linton A Moravian Bi–Centennial J. Taylor Hamilton Do Foreign Missions Cost Too Much Cleland B. McAfee In the Reign of King Msidi Mrs. John M. Springer

Items The Rev. Juan E. Gattinoni, Super-

intendent of the Buenos Aires district The Rev. Will'on Carlile, founder of of the Eastern SDuth American Meth- odist Episcopal Church, was recently the Church Army of the Church of elected a bishDp by the Central Con- England, celebrated his eighty·fifth ference of SDuth America in session birthday anniversary on January 14th. at SantiagD, Chile. He will have This Church Army, which he founded episcopal residence in Buenos Aires, sixty years ago, has now a thousand where he was pastDr frDm 1920 to commissioned officers. He gave up his 1930. Bishop Gattinoni was born in business as a prosperous silk mer· Italy and went to Argentina as a chant, and chose poverty that he child. might minister to the needy in the slums of London. For fifty years the (Continued on 3d Cover) Church Army has sought to win men, women and children to Christ. OWNERSHIP AND MANAGEMEN:r Fastest *** Statement of the ownership. Dlanagement. etc.. required by the Act of Congress of !Aucrossing The Rev. J. W. C. Dougall has re- gust 24. 1912. of the ~Issionary Review of signed from the principalship of the the World. published monthly at Indianapolis. TOJAPAN Jeanes School in Kenya to serve as Indiana. for April 1. 1932. educational adviser to the missions in AND Kenya and Uganda. Mr. Dougall is State of New York. County of Westchester. 08: taking a year of studies at the Lon- Before me. a notary public, in and for the CHINA don Day Training College and hopes to take up his duties in Kenya in state and county aforesaid. personally ap- Fastest crossing of the Pacific is September. peared Delavan L. Pierson. who. having been by Empress Direct Express route. duly sworn according to law. deposes and says 10 days flat from Vancouver to *** that he is the editor and business manager of Yokohama. the Missionary Review of the World. and that Hastings K. Banda, the son of a the following is. to the best of his knowledge Empress of. Asia and Empress of chief in Nigeria, Africa, received his and belief, a true statement of the ownership. Russia, largest and fastest liners on Ph. B. degree at the recent convoca· management. etc., of the aforesaid publication thisrun,olfer First Class forthe most tion at the University of Chicago. He for the date shown in the above caption. re- fastidious •.. AT NEW LOW FARES. is the first member .of that tribe to quired by the Act of Congress August 24. 1912. become a Christian as well as the first embodied in section 411. Postal Laws and For a crossing with Honolulu to receive any education beyond the Regulations. interlude, book by Empress of sixth grade. His home is in the heart Japan, largest, fastest liner on the of the Livingstone country, where 1. That the names and addresses of the Pacific. Or take luxurious. Empress Scotch Presbyterian missionaries publisher. editor and business manager are: of Canada, her running mate. Sail· work among his people. He plans ings from San Francisco or Los to study medicine and will then re- Publisher–Missionary Review Publishing Angeles connect with them at turn to minister to his own people. Co., Inc., 156 Fifth Avenue. New York. New Honolulu. Enjoy the smart, sump. York. tuous luxury of their First Class. *** On all Empresses, a Tourist Class, Editor and Business Manager-Delavan L. of true Empress standard. Countess Margit Bethlen of Hun- Pierson. 156 Fifth Avenue. New York. New gary was ordained as an elder in the York. All Empress sailings from Van· First Magyar Church of New York couver (trains go direct to ship. recently. Countess Bethlen, who is 2. That the owners and the names and ad- side, baggage checked through to the wife of the former Premier .of dresses of stockholders owning or holding 1 state·room) and Victoria: Hungary, has been .on a lecture tDur per cent or more of total amount of stock are: in this cDuntry fDr several mDnths. Owner: Missionary Review Publishing- Co.• Fastest by Direct Express The Rev. Ladislaus Harsanyi, pastor Inc.. 156 Fifth Avenue. New York: Stock- Empress of Canada .. May 7. July 2 .of the church, asked the questiDns .of holders: Mrs. Wm. Borden. New York: Empress of Russia. May 21,July 16 ordination. Edwin L. Bulkley. Englewood. N. J.: H. N. Dougherty. New York: D. J. Fleming-. New Fastest Via Honolulu *** York; Dr. and Mrs. C. R. Erdman. Princeton. Empress of Japan .• June 5. July 30 N. J.: S. H. Gillespie. Morristown. N. J.; W. Empress of Asia .. June 18, Aug. 13 Canon Anson Phelps Stokes, .of the A. Harbison. New York: W. B. Hill, Pough· Protestant Episcopal Cathedral,Wash- keepsie. N. Y.; Mary L. Howard. Hartford. Reduced round trip fares. ington, D. C., has accepted an invita- Conn.: Manly R. Hubbs. Huntington. L. I.; Information, reservations, from tion of the Carnegie FoundatiDn to Mrs. A. McD. Kortright. Huntington. L. I.; your own agent or Canadian Pacific deliver a course .of lectures in the R. A. Long. Kansas City. Mo.: Walter Mc- offices in New York, Philadelphia, colleges of South Africa. He expects Dougall, Upper Montclair. N. J.; D. L. Pier- Chicago, Montreal and 3 1 other to leave in May and will visit Egypt, son. Upper Montclair. N. J.; E. R. D. Pierson. cities in United States and Canada. Uganda, Kenya, Tanganyika, the Upper Montclair. N. J.: James H. Post. New Belgian Congo, and South Africa. York: S. F. Shattuck. Neenah. Wis.,; R. E. CANADIAN Speer. New York; lIrs. J. Livingston Taylor. * '* * Cleveland. Ohio. PACIFIC Dr. Robert R. Moton, Principal of 3. That the known bondholders. mortg-ag"". Tuskegee Institute, has been awarded and other security holders owning or holding the Spingarn Medal. for '1932 by the 1 per cent or more of total amount of bonds. National Association for the Ad- mortgages or other securities are: None. vancement of CDIDred People. The award was made "for his thoughtful 4. That the two paragraphs next above. leadership of conservative .opinion and giving the names of the owners. stockholders. actiDn .on the NegrD in the United and security holders. if any. contain not only States, as shDwn in the U. S. Vet- the list of stockholders and security holders erans' Hospital contrDversy at Tus- as they appear upon the books of the com- kegee; by his stand. on education in pany but also. in cases where the stockhold..r Haiti; by his support .of equal oppor- or security holder appears upon the books of tunity for the Negro in the American the company as trustee or in any other public SChDDI system, and by his ex- fiduciary relation. the name of the person or pressiDn of the best ideals .of the corporation for whom such trustee is acting. NegrD in his book, 'What the Negro is given; also that the said two paragraphs Thinks.' H contain statements embracing affiant's full knowledge and belief as to the circumstances and conditions under which stockholders and security holders who do not appear upon the books of the company as trustees. hold stock and securities in a capacity other than that of a bona fide owner; and this affiant has no reason to believe that any other person; as- sociation. 01" corporation has any interest direct or indirect in the said stock. bon,ds. or other securities than as so stated by him.

DELAVAN L. PIERSON. Editor and Business Manager.

Sworn to and subscribed before me this 28th day of March. 1932.

[SEAL] EDITH ARER. Notary Public.

to Remember THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE

May 2-General Conference of the DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Editor METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH, At- lantic City, New Jersey. Vol. LV' M~y, 1932 No.5 May 5-11-Biennial Convention of the Page YOUNG WOMEN'S CHRISTIAN Asso- FRONTISPIECE-Scenes in the Country of Msidi, Central Africa .. CIATIONS, Minneapolis, Minn. TOP'ICS OF THE TIMES……………………………….. 259 May 15-2I-CHURCH CONFERENCE OF SOCIAL WORK, Philadelphia, Pa. Reports on the Crime Wave A Time for Courage and Sacrifice Meeting Deficits and Making Budgets Facing the Crisis in England May I8-Annual Conference, METH- ODIST PROTESTANT CHURCH, Colum- "LO MO" OF SAN FRANCISCO…………………………. 263 bus, Ohio. By the Rev. Arthur J. Brown, D.D., LL.D., Secretary Emeritus of th"" May I8-20-THE COMMUNITY CHURCH Presbyterjan Board of Foreign Missions WORKERS OF U. S. A., Buffalo, N. Y. AN INTENSE PROBLEM IN PERSIA. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 267 May 24-28-A GENERAL SYNODICAL MEETING OF THE REFORMED CHURCH By Bishop James H. Linton, Missionary Bishop of the Church Mis- IN THE U. S., Cleveland, Ohio. sionary Society May 26-General Assembly, PRESBY- A MORAVIAN MISSIONARY BI-CENTENNIAL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 269 TERIAN CHURCH IN THE U. S. A., Denver, Colo. By J. Taylor Hamilton, D.D.. Bishop of the Moravian Church May 26-General Assembly, PRESBY- TH~ PRINCETON DECLARATION ON CHURCH AND MISSIONS 274 TERIAN CHURCH IN THE U. S., Mon- treat, N. C. DO FOREIGN MISSIONS COST TOO MUCH? …………….. 275 June 2-General Synod of REFORMED By the Rev. Cleland B. McAfee, D.D.. LL.D., Executive Secretary of the CHURCH IN AMERICA, Kingston, Board of Foreign Missions, Presbyterian Church, U. S. A. N. Y. "NIGHTS WITH GOD" IN AUCKLAND …………………… 277 June 8-15-Annual General Confer- ence, CHURCH OF THE BRETHREN, By the Rev. A. S. Wilson Anderson, Ind. "IN THE REIGN OF KING MSIDI" ………………………. 279 June 14-24-Southwide Conference of the Young Woman's Auxiliary, By Mrs. John M. Springer, a Missionary of the American Methodist Woman's Missionary Union of the Episcopal Church at Jadotville, Central Africa Southern Baptist Convention, Ridgecrest, N. C. MAHATMA GANDHI OR CHRIST IN INDIA ……………….. 284 June 16-20-Annual Convention of the By C. L. Sury, B.A.. LL.B., Lahore, India WOMEN'S GENERAL MISSIONARY SO- CIETY OF THE UNITED PRESBYTERIAN THE CHRISTIAN APPROACH TO THE JEWS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 286 CHURCH, Columbus, Ohio. By the Rev. John S. Conning, D.D., Director of Jewish Work, Board of June 20-July 2-INSTITUTE OF INTER- National Missions, Presbyterian Church, U. S. A. NATIONAL RELATIONS, NORTHWEST- ERN UNIVERSITY, Evanston, Ill. FENNELL PARISH TURNER-A Friend and Fellow Servant ….. 292 June 20-July I-Conference for Min- By the Rev. J. Lovell Murray, D.D., Director of the Canadian School isters and Religious Workers, and of Missions, Toronto, and formerly Educational Secretary of the one on Church Work in Cities and Student Volunteer Movement Industrial Communities, will meet jointly this year at Union Theolog- MISSIONARY EDUCATION IN THE LOCAL CHURCH ………. 295 ical Seminary, New York City. By the Rev. Norris L. Tibbetts, Pastor and Director of Religious Edu- Mission Suisse-A Correction cation in Hyde Park Baptist Church, Chicago, Ill.

Our attention has been called to an EFFECTIVE WAYS OF WORKING ………………………. 297 error that appeared in our December, 1931, issue (page 9(0) in reference to Edited by Mrs. Estella S. Aitchison the change of the "Mission Suisse Romande" to the "Mission Suisse dan WOMEN'S HOME AND FOREIGN BULLETIN. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 301 I'Mrique du Sud." The facts are given as follows by the Rev. D. P. Edited by Annp. Seesholtz and F10rence G. Tyler Lenoir, Secretary, whose address is 2 Cheman des Cedres, Lausanne, OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK …………. . 305 Switzerland: A Missionary Newspaper of Current Events "In 1929 the name of the society was changed, in recognition of the aid OUR MISSIONARY BOOKSHELF ………………………… 317 given to the mission by various friends in the German-speaking Can- Recent Books Reviewed for the Readers' Information tons. It had previously been under the Protestant churches of French- Publication Office 40 S. Meridian St., Indianapolis, Indiana speaking Switzerland. The society's fields of labor are in the Transvaal Editorial and Business Office 156 Fifth Avenue, New York City and in Portuguese East Africa. The mission supports 100 missionaries Entered …. second-class matter at Post-Office, Indianapolis, Ind., under Act of and requires half a million Swiss francs for its annual budget. At the March 3, 1879. last annual missionary assembly the subscribers showed their firm resolve 25 cents a cop}'-$2.50 a year Foreign Postage 50 cents a year to maintain the work in spite of the present financial difficulties. The Published monthly-All rights reserved. Copyrighted 1932 by tbe Swiss Mission continues in faith to carryon the work God has given her MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING CO., INC. to do." Board of Directors ROBERT E. SPEER, President SAMUEL MCCREA CAVERT MILTON J. STAUFFER WM. I. CHAMBERLAIN, Vice-President A. L. W ARNSHUIS WALTER MCDOUGALL, Tre….urer MRS. ORRIN R. JUDD SAMUEL M. ZWEMER DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Secretary WM. B. LIPPHARD ERIC M. NORTH

MEMORIAL CHURCH. ELISABETHVILLE. "SWANA"-CHARLES A. SWAN. MISSIONARY

CENTRAL AFRICA MSIDI'S PEOPLE.

Here are crowd'S of Christian Africans entering the Church which is built on the spot where fifty years ago witchcraft and murder were practiced.

MWENDA. MSIDI'S SON. AND HIS HEAD WIFE. BUHI-IN A LUBA WOMAN OF THE PRESENT DAY-NEAR BUNKEY~. FOREIGN DRESS. IN NATIVE DRESS.

SCENES IN THE COUNTRY OF KING MSIDI, CENTRAL AFRICA Rl3VIB ORLD VOLUME LV AN INTERDENOMINATIONAL REVIEW OF WORLD-WIDE CHRISTIAN PROGRESS NUMBER FIVE MAY, 1932 Topics. of the Times REPORTS ON THE CRIME WAVE What are the causes of this unhealthy state of Police reports for New York, and for most of society? Police magistrates and students of social the other large cities of the United States, reveal conditions declare that today these crimes are not a distressing and ominous increase in crime. The generally traceable to the economic depression or number of lawbreakers, their boldness. and the even to a larger use of intoxicants and drugs, proportion of youthful criminals, have all in- but they are due mainly to inadequate moral and creased since the World War. ThE:! police com- religious training. In other words crime, which missioner reports that in spite of all that 20,000 is an infraction of human laws, is due to a lack of policemen can do to protect life and property in a true sense of sin, which is a disregard for God's laws. The great safeguard against crime is char- New York City, murders there have risen 16% acter, and the basis of character is right relationduring the past year. The causes for these kill- ship to God. In proportion as men and women ings are described as due to personal quarrels and disregard God and His laws, they think lightly gangster disputes, to bootlegging and robbing, to of sin and crime increases. When personal de- "love affairs" and family quarrels. The cases of sires lead men to disregard the rights of others, they hesitate to break the laws of society only on assault and robbery have also increased by 23 % the basis of expediency. The cure for crime is the destruction of its root-sin-plantingin its and "holdups" 60 % in one year. Arrests for homicide have multiplied threefcld in 30 years.

The most disturbing feature of this report is, place reverence and love for God and unselfish however, the growth in the number of youthful goodwill for men.

criminals and in the women taking active part in America's weakness today is due to the fact crimes of violence. A few years ago practically that our homes are not sufficiently the center of all those arrested were middle-aged men experi- family life and the place of effective religious enced in crime. Today a very large number are training. The Church is neglected by parents who young men between the ages of seventeen and formerly attended, but now are failing to set a twenty-one, with a liberal sprinkling of young worthy example to their children. Multitudes of women. Of the 477,324 arrests made in New parents are actually afraid to restrain their minor York City last year, 6,327 were children under children in their reading, their amusements, their sixteen, and 136,949 were between sixteen and companions and their habits. They are no longer twenty-five years of age. true representatives of God in the home, for like The report of the New York Society for the David in his dealings with his son Adonijah Suppression of Vice is also disturbing. Last year (I Kings 1 :6), they fear to displease their chil- over five thousand obscene books and many thou- dren by correcting them. The result is disaster.

sands of similar pamphlets and pictures were con- What can be expected when society becomes dis- fiscated and destroyed. The prosecutions and con- eased at its base and when parents and the home fiscations would have been much more numerous no longer exercise a powerful counteracting influ- were it not for the fact that the censorship and ence to the allurements of the world, the flesh, and judgment as to what literature is obscene is much the devil?

less strict than it was twenty years ago. The America needs to return to the God of our type of theatricals and "movies" permitted is also fathers, as He is revealed in Jesus Christ, His reported as increasingly objectionable from a son. Many times judges on the bench have de- moral point of view. Some dance halls and clared that Christian training is the only hope "speakeasies" are naturally the breeding places of of youth, and youth forms the foundation of vice and crime. society.

[259]

MEETING DEFICITS AND MAKING BUDGETS China Inland Mission The "period of economic readjustment" through Income for 1931 shows increase of nearly 10% over 1930. which we are passing has been one of the causes The Mission makes no definite budget but spends accordfor the falling off in gifts to missions from 10 to 35 percent. It is not difficult to see what this ing to ,amount received. means. If a mission board has based its budget No reduction in remittances. Missionary salaries have on $1,000,000 income, is supporting on the field 600 missionaries and helping to maintain 100 been slightly increased to meet drop in silver market. schools and hospitals, then a reduction of the in- New missionaries have been sent out-two hundred in come to $700,000 or $800,000 means that the work the past two years when the "Forward Movement" has or the workers must suffer a severe cut. In most been in progress. cases, the expenses have been kept as low as seems Not anticipating curtailment in missionary program; consistent with efficiency, so that such a cut means seeking to enlarge evangelistic activities. either dismissal of workers, reduction in salaries, the closing of schools and hospitals or reductions Christian and Missionary Alliance all along the line. The latter has been the course followed during the past year in most cases. One Receipts considerably below 1930. society, the China Inland Mission, has, however, No fixed salaries paid; slight reduction made in allowin the last two years, been enabled to send to the field 200 new missionaries without reducing the ances fbr living expenses, pro rata to receipts, after living allowances of its workers. fixed charges ,are met. Native churches are assuming increased responsibility. A letter to the treasurers of the foreign mission Missionary interest at home is promoted by prayer and boards has brought out the following facts as to Bible study, literature and conferences. what adjustments have been made to meet the Hope to send out twenty or more new missionaries this reduced incomes. These statements are not all year. on the same time basis as fiscal years end at different dates. Methodist Episcopal Board of Foreign Missions American Baptist Foreign Mission Society Decrease in income about 18%. Budget is $1,000,000 less than three y;ears ago. Decrease in receipts to date about 13%. Serious reductions in property account and reinforce- All home staff voluntarily accepted 10% reduction and missionary salaries cut 10%. ments. No ,avoidable additions to appropriations. Home base expenses reduced and most of foreign property No reduction in salaries at home or abr.oad. items 11ave been cut from the budget. Voluntary offerings by members of the executive staff. Contemplating a reduced budget for 1932-3. Campaign to secure 100,000 individuals in churches who Board of Missionary Cooperation is promoting "The Main- will support missionaries on basis of $5 a day.

tenance Movement" to stimulate the church. Considering withdrawal from some fields, if slump con- Board hopes to maintain present scale of work. tinues, but opposition to this course is strong.

American Board (Congregational) Methodist Episcopal Church, South Income shows net loss of 15%. Income decreased $260,000 in past year-about 25%. No reductions in budget thus far but expect to reduce Budget reduced $500,000 (generally) since 1930-no new appropriations after September 1st. buildings authorized. Salaries at home and abroad reduced 5% to 10% from Headquarters staff and missionaries have accepted 10% May 1st. cut. Voluntary contributions by missionaries and home staff Plan intensive cultivation of home church with district amount to about 5% up to May 1st. institutes to discuss whole program. Chief reductions in appropriations to work under native Situation will be considered at annual meeting.

churches or missions; also in appointment of new mis- Moravians sionaries and in decrease in present staff. Proportionate cut in home expense and promotion work. Decrease of income from contributions 10%, and from Commission on Missions is sponsoring a "Dollar per Mem- investments about 12%. ber" plan to make up deficit; missionary education and information is promoted. Nicaraguan field budget cut about 25% and other adjust- Prudential Committee faces the difficult problem of budget ments made in the missions. Apparently a further cut readjustment. must be made next year.

American Friends Board of Missions Constant effort to arouse the church.

Anticipated deficit of 30% in budget.. Plan to reduce next Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions (U. S. A.) year's budget 30%. Reduced receipts to date about 13%. Reduction in salaries; missionaries not yet called home. No change in authorized ,appropriations as commitments Drastic cuts in fields where self-support is most possible. Seeking to arouse interest by information and encourage- have already been made for the year. Missions all over the world notified of a reduction of 10% ment through church papers and local meetings. in the expenditures for the first quarter of the year. A similar reduction has been made in home administra- tion in salaries of staff. Efforts made to acquaint church with the situation and the opportunity. Missions asked to report on possible reductions-to be considered later.

Presbyterian Church in the United States (South) Decrease in receipts to date about 19%. Has been a 33% cut on all "work appropriations" for the field, and a 10% cut in official and clerical salaries at home base, missionaries' salaries, children's allowances and union work.

TOPICS OF THE TIMES

January was month of special appeal to churches through Situation put before the churches. Called for month of correspondence, church papers, etc. self-denial in March.

Further reduction probable; one-fifth of debt and all cur- Considering readjustment expenses in order to meet rent year deficit must be included in budget for next possible further reduction in receipts. year.

Protestant Episcopal-Domestic and Foreign Missions TIME FOR COURAGE AND SACRIFICE Decrease in income 1931 was 15%. Pledges for 1932 show Evidently most of the mission boards and the decline of 22% from those of 1931 and 13% from re- missionaries on the field face a very serious finan- ceipts of last year. cial situation. The decrease in gifts, and in in- come from investments, has already meant a stop- Appropriations for 1932 reduced $576,654 or over 13%. ping of advance work and a cessation of building Budget still $400,000 short.

Salaries of all officers, employees and missionaries (over 3,000 people) cut 10%. Other cuts in every field of in most fields, the withdrawing or withholding of operation. some missionaries, less help to the nat i v e churches, and less adequate support for the work- Church is called to make special offerings by Whitsunday ers. It may be necessary and advantageous to re- (May 15) to realize additional $400,000 to meet the re- adjust and curtail expenditures in other direc- duced budget requirements and avoid further curtail- ment of missionary program.

Efforts being made to arouse the majority of church tions, at home and abroad, and to put still larger membership not now giving regularly to missions. The National Council calls for emphasis on need for responsibility upon national churches. There are encouragements and blessings, as strengthening practice of stewardship by church mem- bers. well as causes for disquietude, in the situation.

Seventh Day Adventists The effect on the world-wide work may not be Decrease in income this year about 9%. wholly harmful.

Necessary to reduce· appropriations for 1932 as the Mis- While missionary leaders and workers have sion Board does not borrow money to conduct its foreign or home work. been seeking the guidance of God, all are today more than ever looking to Him as the only hope. Salaries of home staff and of missionaries all reduced 10%. Building operations and institutional expansion Missions and mission boards are looking earn- have been checked. estly to discover and correct the mistakes of the Board is seeking to arouse home church and to lay larger past so that they may prove still more faithful responsibility for self-support on the church in the field. stewards. Some missionaries on furlough remain at home. The decrease in material income is leading There will be a general revision of budgets to meet the Christians to appreciate the spiritual values more, emergency.

United Brethren in Christ is showing many things we can do without, and is teaching valuable lessons in sacrifice. Decrease in income l,ast year about 12%. Bequests have been used for current expense funds in While the personal incomes of Christians in place of for building and equipment. Appropriations the home church have decreased from 15% to reduced 15 % in two years; some missionaries on fur- 100%, their contributions to benevolences have lough detained at home. generally decreased only between 10% and 35%. No reduction in salaries, but secretaries, clerical help and missionaries have voluntarily contributed 10% to Loy- There are few, if any, signs of pessimism, dis- alty Gift Fund. couragement or lessening of faith and effort on Aggressive steps taken to ,arouse the church by an Every the part of pastors and others in positions of re- Member Canvass in May. Woman's Department plan- sponsibility. ning a "World Mission Advancement Day" next autumn to raise special fund to return furloughed mis- Cuts in salary and in appropriations have been sionaries. Plans made to cultivate Sunday Schools met cheerfully and often voluntarily offered by more system.atically. those most deeply affected. Some have impover- .

No plans for further curtailment of missionary program. ished themselves to aid the work. No stations abandoned and no work closed. Larger re- The real basis of hope-of certainty-as to sponsibility is placed on national churches. progress and ultimate victory is in the fact that Un'ited Christian Missionary Society (Disciples of Christ) "the battle is not ours but God's." It is His cam- (Foreign mission expenditures are about 50% of total.) paign; His resources are scarcely touched, much Decrease last year in income 7% over previous year and less exhausted; He has not surrendered to the 13% for first eight months of this fiscal year. enemy; He has not become discouraged; He has not withdrawn his commission to spread the news Budget reduced $350,000-about 20% for the past three of life through Christ to all the world. He has years.

All salaries at home reduced (including secretaries, clerks and missionaries). No reduction of foreign missionary not lost faith in His servants.

salaries. There have been many darker days in the past Cuts made in all departments about equally. Mission- -politically, socially and economically; there are many spots on earth today where we find worse aries withdrawn from Tibetan border, and some from conditions than we find in the homes and offices in the Philippines, Japan and Puerto Rico; native churches are assuming larger responsibility.

America where the depression is felt most keenly. is being saved this year, principally by 5% cuts in salaries The sun is shining beyond the clouds. When ex- at home and abroad, the decision to withdraw from any perience and a closer fellowship with God has of the Society's spheres of service abroad has been posttaught us needed lessons Christians will be poned. stronger and wiser, more sacrificial and more effective in fulfilling their responsibilities as repre- The Baptist Missionary Society last October decided sentatives of Christ on earth. upon a reduction of expenditure of £17,000, and the For- eign Secretary was sent to India and Ceylon to confer FACING THE CRISIS IN ENGLAND with missionaries and church leaders as to how the reduc- tion can be effected. No missionaries are to be recalled The missionary societies in Great Britain are and no reduction is to be made in allow,ances, but in some encouraged to find that things are not so bad as areas, a larger measure of responsibility will be handed it was feared. All the societies have had to face over to native churches. While there is a deficit of increased expenditure because of the high bank £10,259 on last year's accounts, the income in contriburate, and unfavorable exchange rates. This item tions from the churches showed an increase of £2,000 alone means a charge of from $10,000 to $50,000 over that of the preceding year. A special eff.ort is to for the year to several societies. The difficulties be made to raise the income again for the present year. seem to have aroused the Christian givers, themselves hit by reduced salaries and increased taxa- The Wesleyan Methodist Missionary Society is basing tion, to make great sacrifices. The result is that its present efforts on the assumption that only one-third the home incomes of the Missionary Societies in of the church members are giving to the missionary work. Instead of devising special schemes for raising money, its the British Conference is only 5 % less for the energies are directed to spreading and deepening mis- sionary interest. The normal income of the Society from past year of crisis than the record home income the home districts decreased £10,000 in 1931 as compared of the boom year, 1921. The general decrease in with 1930 and £17,000 as compared with 1929. The whole gifts to missions this past year has been less than staff at home and abroad has imposed on itself a 5% salary cut, while a 2% % reduction in the s,alaries of na- 2%. tional workers in India, China and Africa has been ac- cepted. There are to be no withdrawals-the work every- The Secretary of the Conference of British Mis- where is to be maintained at minimum cost, ,and vacansionary Societies writes "that Church members cies with very few exceptions are being filled. are prepared to make every sacrifice in order that the response to the needs of the work of the King- The Society for the Propagation of the Gospel has issued dom of God shall be at least as striking as the re- a statement that the Society does not expect to curtail sponse of the nation to the needs of the State. . . . grants, or recall any missionaries. Vacancies can be filled if suitable candidates are forthcoming. There have been "Mission Boards are convinced that there is no voluntary surrenders of salaries at home and abroad, and occasion for pessimism or panic. They have had economies are being effected in certain fields through abundant evidence of a new spirit of sacrifice self supp.ort by the daughter churches. among supporters at home, missionaries in the field, and the native churches. In field after field The Foreign Mission of the Presbyterian Church of missionaries have asked that their salaries should Wales is making no cuts in salaries, but a 5% cut in forbe cut rather than that work should be aban- eign grants is to be met by economies and withdrawals. doned or crippled, and with great reluctance There is to be no capital expenditure on buildings for the boards have had to take advantage of this g2ller- next five years. A strenuous effort is being made to exosity. . . . plain the position to members of the denomination and to encourage contributions. "It looks as if the crisis were going to mark the beginning' of a new era in missionary work in Primitive Methodist Missionary Society expects that the which the contribution made by the churches of present deficit ,of more than £2,000 will be increased. The the West may differ considerably from that which S;Ociety hopes to avoid cuts in missionaries salaries. they have been making for the past one hundred and fifty years. . . ." The Church of Scotland Foreign Mission Committee is planning a reduction in expenditure from the general Some of the important British Missionary So- fund at the rate of £10,000. Ways and means of effectcieties give interesting information as to the ing the necessary economies are under discussion. present position and as to plans for the future. The general application of measures for econ- The Church Missionary Society had a deficit last year omy cannot be made without the work of the misof more than £20,000. Cuts have accordingly been made sionary societies being handicapped, but it is enin grants to missions, allowances to missionaries and couraging to note that little work is being abanhome organizations and a further reduction of expendi- doned, that vacancies are being filled with few exture by £30,000 if necessary is contemplated. The ceptions, and new recruits are not being held back budgeted expenditure for the current year is £476,294. in Great Britain. The British are a great example of courage and fidelity in facing responsibility- The London Missionary Society was forced last year whether national or religious. to consider the withdrawal of missionaries from certain fields, but the response to a challenge to increase the in- Every Christian needs faith and courage, tocome £15,000 was so encouraging that while nearly £9,000 gether with a clearer vision of God as revealed in Christ; a deeper appreciation of the condition of men without Christ; a greater sense of our own indebtedness and a more intense devotion to the cause of our Lord and Redeemer.

"Lo Mo"" of San

The Story of Donaldina Cameron and Her Work For the Rescue of Chinese Girls By the REV. ARTHUR J. BROWN, D.~D., LL. D., New York ):..

Secretary Emeritus of the Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions; Author of "The Foreign Missionary"

I N all the widely extended and diversified work so the dealers in this slave trade adopted the de- of modern missions, it would be difficult to vice of having each girl met at the steamship pier mention any of deeper human interest and by a hil'ed Chinese who swore that she was his more thrilling adventure than the effort. to rescue wife, and to prove his claim presented a photo- many of the Chinese girls who have been brought graph that had been sent to him in advance. If to America. "Brought" is the a girl was too young to pass proper word, for with the ex- the immigration official as a ception of the comparatively WORTH SAVING wife, the Chinese made oath small number who have come that she was his daughter.

as wives or daughters of re- The plight of the poor girls spectable Chinese men, these was pitiable. All were young, girls did not come voluntarily some of them mere children.

but were imported under They did not indeed have the false representation to be- Christian idea of the sin of come virtual slaves for im- impurity, but they were treat- moral purposes. Some of them ed as prisoners. Save in the had been kidnapped in China m 0 s t expensive establish- and others had been bought ments, they were closely con- from poverty-stricken par- fined in wretched, dirty tene- ents who valued sons but ments, cruelly whipped if were callously indifferent to they disobeyed their evil mas- daughters. There was a prof- ters, and subjected to every itable market for them on the imaginable abuse. Health was Pacific Coast where about soon wrecked and then the twenty-nine out of every broken, worn-out little body thirty Chinese were men, was hurried to the Potter's most of whom had lax no- Field.

tions of sex morality or none To the Christian women of at all. Brothel keepers were California belongs the honor ready to pay high prices for of leadership in the effort to girls. Standard rates ranged rescue these unfortunate vic- from $200 to $500, but excep- tims of man's greed and lust. tionally attractive girls some- In 1873 a group of five Prestimes brought as high as byterian w 0 men, who s e $3,000. hearts had been stirred by the The· law restricting Chi- wretched lot of the little Chi- nese immigration was evaded nese slave girls in San Fran- by bringing the girls in as cisco, determined to under- "Picture Brides." Wives of take a work of rescue, and Chinese men who were al- for this purpose they organ- ready in the United States ized themselves as the Wom- were permitted to enter, and en's Occidental Board of Mis- [263 ]

sions. Realizing that rescued girls would have to told heavily upon her; but her spirit was as un- be sheltered and cared for, a small house was se- conquerable as it was beautiful and she carried cured on Prospect Street, San Francisco, with the burden of the superintendency with unflag- Miss S. M. Cummings of Philadelphia as the mis- ging devotion for fourteen years when, in 1885, sionary in charge and Mrs. Tam Ching as Chi- she was joined by one who was to become famous nese assistant. The rooms were soon filled, and as one of the Christian heroines and saints of the in 1876 larger quarters were secured on Sacra- universal Church, Miss Donaldina Cameron, mento Street. This building, too, was outgrown Mother "LoMo," as the Chinese affectionately call her.

Descended from a Highland chief in Scotland, Miss Cameron's parents had emigrated to New Zealand where Donaldina was born at Clydevale, July 26, 1869. When she was two years old, the family came to California and settled on a ranch in the San Joaquin Valley. After the death of her mother, her father removed first to San Jose, afterward to Oakland, and finally to the San Ga- briel Valley where he became manager of the fa- mous Puento Ranch. Donaldina attended the school in San Jose and Oakland and later entered the Normal School in Los Angeles. Her physical THE REFUGE AT 920 SACRAMENTO STREET and mental development were influenced by the and the present building was obtained as the com- free outdoor life of a California ranch where she bined headquarters of the Occidental Board and rode horses and took part in athletic sports. Mrs.

the Rescue Home. All over the world "920 Sac- P. D. Browne, who had become a friend of the ramento Street" became known as the center of a family during their residence in Oakland, occa- beneficent work for humanity and Christ. Many sionally visited at the ranch and Carol Green Wil- missionaries traveling to and from their fields in son, in her remarkably interesting book, "China- eastern Asia and many other Christian workers, town Quest," says that during one of these visits including the writer of these pages, have reason in the summer of 1885 Donaldina listened en- to remember the happy atmosphere of that blessed haven of Christian love and hospitality.

The leading spirit in this movement was Mrs.

P. D. Browne, a woman of remarkable force of character and missionary devotion. She it was who called together the original group, and when the Occidental Board was formed she became its first president. Only one of her indomitable energy and courage could have made headway against the opposition of the unscrupulous men who profited by the traffic in Chinese girls and the apathy of many Americans who felt that nothing could be done to combat successfully the evil. But Mrs. Browne was equal to every emer- gency and she labored with indefatigable zeal in raising funds and enlisting the cooperation of the women's societies, many of which she herself was instrumental in organizing.

Miss Margaret Culbertson, whom Mrs. Browne CAPTAIN ROBERT DOLLAR VISITS THE HOME persuaded to take charge of the Rescue Home in chanted as Mrs. Browne described her busy days 1881, was also a remarkable woman, who had in the fascinating city of San Francisco. With gone to California from western New York as glowing eyes she talked of the Chinese girls res- governess for the children of a brother of that cued by Miss Culbertson from brothels and opium pioneer magnate, D. O. Mills. Miss Culbertson dens. Suddenly she said to the young woman by and Mrs. Browne quickly became friends, and her side: "Dolly, don't you want to do some- when a successor to Miss Cummings was needed, .thing? Won't you come up and help Miss Cul- Miss Culbertson accepted the post. Her health bertson at the Chinese Home? She's getting so was not robust and the nervous strain of the work frail, and now that Miss Houseworth has to leave

"LO MO" OF SAN FRANCISCO

SOME OF THE RESCUED GIRLS IN MISS CULBERTSON'S TIME So began a career crowded with adventure, and characterized by a courage, devotion and reshe will be so overburdened." Miss Cameron sourcefulness that make the story of thrilling in- terest. The failing health and finally the death heard this appeal and afterward descr~bed her of Miss Culbertson in July, 1897, threw the whole burden of the rescue work upon the shoulders of momentous decision. She said to a friend: "I Miss Cameron, then only twenty-eight years of age. The widely extended and diversified operajust stepped into that great task as blithely as 1 tions that she has since directed have been sum- marized by Mrs. Eva Clark Waid, as follows: stepped into your car today, in no way guessing The work of the Home is primarily that of rescuing what lay ahead, in no way prepared to undertake slave girls who have been brought unlawfully into this country and the search of these girls may lead from it. . . . From the first, I loved Miss Culbertson. I Seattle to Ph~nix into every f.orm of den or secret haunt of vice. Tidings concerning these girls come in every loved the Chinese. I never remember feeling any- way, by whispered word or secert note or police inquiry, often from Chinese themselves who know Miss Cameron's thing foreign about them. Never will I forget the indomitable courage and unfailing persistence. All over the United States her name is feared by Chinese and white laughing face of Ah Ying, the first Chinese girl I lawbreakers and oppressors of childhood. Tragedy and sordid crime tax to the breaking point the sympathy and came to know, as she tapped so gently on my door abilities of the workers. Threats and peril and danger are their daily portion. That rescue work is not at an to announce 'Lunch is ready.' " end, even in this enlightened day, seems sure when a San Francisco paper can carry in a flaring headline, as it did Very soon after Donaldina's arrival at Sacra- DONALDINA CAMERON IN CHINESE COSTUME mento Street, Miss Culbertson called her to the office and said: "Are you sure you will not be afraid in this work?"

"Oh, no!" she answered quickly.

"It isn't too late to change your mind there are dangers, you know."

Immediately her Scotch blood was aroused.

"Why?"

Without raising her voice, Miss Culbertson ex- plained that on that very morning the girl who was cleaning the halls had found a strange look- ing stick. Police were called and after a hasty investigation declared that there was enough ex- plosive in that "stick" to blow up a whole city block. This was unusual, for the Chinese seldom went so far with their bitter threats against the Home. But the latest slave girl rescued by Miss Culbertson had represented such a high purchase price that the owner had attempted to wreak di- rect vengeance. Then Miss Culbertson said quietly to her new helper: "Now, are you going to stay?"

"Are you?" just as calmly returned Donaldina Cameron.

"Of course."

"Then I shall stay, too."* * Chirw,town Quest, The Life Adventures of Donaldina Cameron, by Carol Green Wilson, published by Stanford University Press, Stan- ford, Calif. pP. 8-11. .

not long ago: "Five Slave Girls Rescued in Raid." This involves a fight with the evil men who have paid was the story of a recent raid by the police and our Mis- a high price for the girl and who fiercely oppose sion Home force. the effort to take her to the Home. Not infre- quently it has been necessary to break open with Other types of work have naturally fallen to the Mis- an axe doors of vile resorts; it has been necession Home. Cases have been committed by courts; orphan sary to contend against shyster lawyers who dechildren and nameless babies have become the charges fend the resort keepers in court proceedings, and .of the Home; business girls have found here shelter and to face hired scoundrels who pretend to be innosafety after business hours. A variety of care and train- cent husbands or fathers. But Miss Cameron ing must be provided for such a varied household-med- has learned all the tricks of the trade and has so ical care; schooling for these girls who cannot be allowed gained the confidence and esteem of policemen, to leave the Mission Home because of court pr.oceedings judges and reputable lawyers that they promptly for fear of kidnapping; trainin'g in household work; indus- respond to her calls for assistance. trial work that they may be able to make a livelihood with weaving or embroidery; and above all and thr.ough In reply to a recent visitor's question as to it all training in true Christian knowledge and living, whether the slave traffic in Chinese girls has such as has transformed these hundreds of girls who have really ceased, Miss Cameron said: "Not exactly. been sheltered by the Home. Through the generosity of Sergeant Manion and I were just discussing that a friend, Tooker Home in Oakland was provided to care question yesterday. We find that such girls are for a large group of the younger girls and the Baby House not often brought into San Francisco any more. charms all visitors. A new building on a site given by Our police are too quick for them. But in other Captain Hobert Dollar has provided more adequate ac- cities up and down the Coast, and even in the commodations for these younger groups. But the Rescue East, we are told that conditions are far from Home with its devoted group of Christian w.omen and its right." tender ministry to Chinese girls during fifty years remains on the San Francisco hillside. Over two thousand The Presbyterian Board of National Missions, girls have been under the influence of the Home and have which took over the care of the work in 1922, is gone out to be useful members of society, some in China continuing the warmly sympathetic support that as teachers .or home makers, some as helpers among their was formerly given by the Woman's Board of own people in the United States, many in homes of their Foreign Missions. This Christ-like ministry for own in America, and, some as business girls in the new the unfortunate Chinese girls on the Pacific Coast world opened up for Chinese women.t has a strong and continuing appeal to the Chris- tian heart of American womanhood. Many stirring experiences in Miss Cameron's life are described in Miss Wilson's fascinating story of the work. Almost every case of rescue t Leaflet, by Mrs. Eva Clark Waid, publisbed by the Presbyterian Board of National Missions.

Our Gifts to Benevolences According to the statistics compiled this year by the United Stewardship Council (of which Rev. Harry S. Myers, is Secretary) the total gifts of twenty-five leading denominations in " North America, for churches with a total membership of 23,416,365, last year amounted to $507,491,165. The benevolent gifts from this group amounted to $106,278,015, or about one- fifth 'Of the total. Gifts for foreign missions are not segregated. .

The highest per capita giving per annum for benevolence is found among the United Pres- byterians, ($12.65 each) and the lowest is among the Southern Baptists ($2.03 each). Many of these people are extremely poor and live in small communities. The largest denominational per capita giving for congregational expenses is in the Protestant Episcopal Church ($37.25 each) which stands twelfth in benevolence giving. The lowest per capita giving for congrega- tional expenses is from the Brethren ($7.43 ea:;h). They stand next to the Protestant Epis- copal in benevolence.

The denomination spending the largest total amount annually for congregational expenses ($75,712,174) is the Methodist Episcopal, which stands also first in total gifts to benevolence ($15,848,547). They stand twelfth in per capita giving. It would be interesting, if possible, to compare the per capita personal living expenses of members of these denominations, and the amounts expended on luxuries and amusements, with their per capita giving. Each one who keeps an account can compare his or her expenses and gifts. It would be an arresting study for many Christians.

Intense Problem In

By BISHOP JAMES H. LINTON, Isfahan, Persia I!:"

Missionary of the Church Missionary Society H ERE are the bald facts, hot from my heart. engagement, and you can wait till you are free I cannot, for obvious reasons, give the and then marry her." real names. I was on a tour and reached the town of X late What an alluring way! How the man's own in the afternoon and found myself right in the heart longed to accept it! But he said he would thick of a very intense problem. Mirza is a Chris- do nothing till I arrived and he could talk it over tian working in a business house some miles away with me. Friends go on, pressing, pressing. from the town. Some years ago, whil~ he was "Fool," they say, "why wait for the Bishop? still a Moslem, he took a temporary wife, which Sign the contract and leave the rest to discuss is allowable under the Shiah Islamic law in Per- with the Bishop." sia. She was a widow with two children. Later he made her his legal wife. Some time after his Then came the news that I was arriving on marriage Mirza was converted and was baptized. Wednesday, and poison gas methods gave place He also won his wife for Christ and she, too, was to a veritable barrage in which even the girl's baptized. Then came a Moslem priest who told mother joined. Her father is dead, and her this wife that, as a Christian, her children could brother claimed the right to act instead of her not succeed to her late husband's inheritance. As father. He rushed off for a Moslem priest, and a result she renounced her faith in Christ and in her name he signed a contract of marriage. there began disaster in the home. She began to go into debt without the knowledge of her hus- When I arrived I was told the thing was finband, until he never knew what he possessed or ished and there was an end of the matter. But did not. She sold his clothes, gave away the sup- they had forgotten. Some weeks before a new law ply of wheat he had bought to last for a whole was passed, and among other clauses was one year, and finally, for a long time she refused to which took away from a brother this power of be a wife to him at all. Home was home no making a contract of marriage for his sister. longer. A year ago he told me a good deal of Only the father can now do this, and he only durthe story, and I urged him to do his best to wipe ing ·the girl's minority. When she comes of age out his debts. This has used up all his savings she can renounce the contract if she will. for many years. All the joy went out of Hfe, but he stood firm in his Christian witness and tried to The barrage which had been directed on the win his wife back to Christ. man was now turned on the girl also. Her rela- tions may have had some other hold on the man, Mirza has a young cousin, a sweet girl of I do not know. The girl asked her school prineighteen who, from her childhood, has always cipal to stay with her, asking for her protection. looked upon him as her favorite cousin. When The man came into town and demanded that the she was a child he played with her and was her girl be given to him! In despair they asked me hero. Being cousins they see one another freely, to see him. Though he had said that he would do -and she, too, is a very sincere Christian and a nothing till I came, now he refused to see me. teacher in a mission school. In his so bitter ex- "I will have her," he said. "Whether tonight, or perience with his wife, Mirza turned to his cousin in a week or a month. She shall be mine. You for sympathy and love. The voice of the tempter shall not keep her from me!" comes to him: "You are a Persian. The law allows you to take another wife. Why not take I found the woman missionary principal nearly her? You both love one another. Take her." broken with anxiety and advised that she ten the relatives of the written request for protection But Mirza and his cousin know that as Chris- that the girl had given her. If they gave any furtians they cannot accept that way out. ther trouble she would tell the police. That seemed to frighten the relatives. "Well," says the tempter, "at any rate sign the legal contract which need not be more than an Then Mirza'asked that the girl go to his house and there openly declare that she would not have' anything to do with him-"Come for only ten minutes." She refused and finally he went away.

[267 ]

That night I was asleep, tired out after the sired to have." And now–! Was it all for journey, when, about 10 :30 o'clock, I was called. nought? Surely not, or what is the use of our The missionary said that they had come again to being out in Persia preaching the Gospel of Him her house to demand the girl-"Just for ten min- who saved Peter by His prayer. "I have prayed utes." The girl would do nothing till she con- for thee," Jesus said, and His prayer was ansulted me. Off I went to the other end of the swered. He triumphed over Satan by His prayer. town with that missionary, who felt her own We prayed too, and, glory to Him, her faith has honor bound up in the honor of the girl. I found not failed. God does answer prayer. The girl is the girl quite firm in her resolution to stand by in the mother's house, and we are praying. Nothher Christian principles. She knew quite well ing less than sacrificial prayer is worth anything what was behind that request to go to his house in a case like this. Is it worth it to you as a for ten minutes. Christian mother or father? What is it worth for our Father in Heaven? We prayed together, and I advised her to offer to go to her mother's house for ten minutes, on I went off to the village where Mirza was at condition that the missionary go and stay with work and found him in his office. He was surher all the time. They accepted this, and she prised to see me and my heart went out to him. went and definitely declared that she would have He had aged since I saw him a year ago, for he nothing to do with the contract her brother had was grey and haggard. We talked; we prayed. made. You could not but feel for him. God feels for him, too. It is not blame, but love, fellowship, Next morning I had a heartbroken message and above all, trust that he needs. He changed from the missionary: "Her mother came at half- completely when I spoke to him in words of sympast three in the morning and took the girl away. pathy. I said that I trusted him to come through I could do nothing to keep her when the mother triumphant. We knelt and prayed together, and demanded the girl." he pledged himself to me and to God that he would have nothing more to do with the girl till The Devil! How he worked that night for vic- God made him a free man. So God triumphed tory? Was all lost ? No, for Jesus is on the over the strongest human desires that a man has. throne. God! How we prayed that day for the girl; for the man. Does God hear? Does He an- We hold on in prayer, in faith-for him, for swer prayer? her. The temptation is not over.

Swiftly the message went round to the inner "Why should he not divorce his other wife," circle of praying people. If the devil put his bar- says the world. "He married her as a Moslem, rage of temptation around those two of God's and such marriage is not necessarily lifelong in children, we put our barrage of prayer around its implications." True; but he became a Chris- God's throne. It seemed hopeless. She was in a tian and so is under the law of Christ. Persian home with the Persian outlook on marriage. "His legal wife renounced her faith," says the world. So the devil argues. But we come back "Why should he not have two wives?" said the to Christ. "He was in all points tempted like as mother, "any Persian is entitled to do so." But we are." That brings Him very near in times not any Persian; not a Persian who has become like this. It is true. "Sympathy," the same pasone of Christ's men. sion-for He was very human. The same pas- sion that swings and sways the life of every other Humanly speaking, all was lost. Evil seemed man, that passion Jesus in His humanity knew. to have triumphed over good, over God. The girl That is why I trust Him to help Mirza and that was in the power of the man who loved her and girl. That is why I think it is worth praying longed to have her as his wife. for them. That is why He "is able to succour them that are tempted." That is why "He ever Do you mothers, fathers know what sacrificial liveth to make intercession for us," and if that prayer is? Sacrifice? Well, it is just that. Be- is what Jesus lives for what do we live for? fore I left the town that woman missionary was in the hospital-broken. She had spent days and nights in prayer for the girl whom "(Satan de- There are no times in life when opportunity, the chance to be and to do, gathers so richly about the soul as when it has to suffer. Then everything depends upon whether the man looks to the lower or the higher helps. If he looks to God, the hour of suffering is the turning hour of life. PHILLIPS BROOKS.

A Moravian Missionary Bi~Centennial

By J. TAYLOR HAMILTON, D. D.

Bethlehem, Penn. Bishop 0/ the Moravian Church I N the providence of God the Moravian Church who had opened their lives to the influence of the will this summer round out two hundred Holy Spirit, in implicit reliance on the Bible. years of unbroken missionary activity among When, in the early dawn of an August day in heathen people. It is of God's grace, that the 1732, two young men, Leonard Dober and David preaching of her heralds has ever been and still Nitschmann, set out from Herrnhut, Saxony, remains Christo-centric. Him they have sought with the slaves of the island of St. Thomas -as and still seek to magnify; in His name there is their objective, they were bidden Godspeed by salvation but in no other name; His was the com- young Count Zinzendorf. More than any other plete atonement once and for all; lifted up on the man this young nobleman had been the human cross, He draws all men unto Him. Through their instrument in bringing about that revival amongst experience with many races, the Moravians can the people to whom he had given a refuge on his testify that the Bible is the book of all humanity estate, when they fled from religious tyranny. It -God's inspired revelation to man. was.a little village of some six hundred, mainly It need not surprise us that the story of the refugees for conscience sake, who formed their two hundred years is not one of unbroken and un- home base. But this little congregation had ex- interrupted advance. Ebb and flow are observ- perienced a baptism of the Spirit of God five years able in the history of the Church universal. .Sim- previously and its membership had been witness- ilar fluctuations are to be observed here. Here, ing widely in Christendom. Only such an experi- too, pulsations of inner life have left a record in ence could explain the cheerful spirit in which corresponding vigor of active missionary zeal, and the two pioneers made their way to Copenhagen, a relation may be traced between the decline of mainly on foot with only a couple of gold coins a spirit of revival and a lessening of aggressive between them, with no assurance of a passage witnessing together wit h concentration upon across the Atlantic and with no very clear idea placid cultivation of virtues at home, whilst the how they must make their living after reaching status quo in the foreign field was at best only St. Thomas. They did know that the Gospel of maintained. Christ is the power of God unto salvation; and Another parallel may be noted. Movements of they had confidence in the Good Shepherd whose world history have exerted an influence both in voice they knew they were following.

the life of the Church universal and in the con- This same revival spirit explains how within dition of Moravian missions. Every history of the ten following years Zinzendorf could despatch Christianity has to take into account the decay other Brethren to the Eskimos of Greenland, to of the Roman Empire and the deluge of barbar- wild tribes of Northern Russia, to the natives of ism, the military menace of Mohammedanism, the Gold Coast of Africa, to the Hottentots of the the reactionary naturalism of the Renaissance, Cape of Good Hope, to Negro slaves of Dutch and the self-sufficient agnosticism of the machine Guiana, to Arawak Indians of what is now Brit- age. Similarly, when the story of Moravian mis- ish Guiana, to Indian tribes of North America, sions is told, wars' destructiveness and their plac- and to the Singhalese in Asia. Before another ing impediments in the way of intercourse, as decade had passed other missionaries sought to well as their engendering mistrust and suspicion reach Kalmuck Tartars of Russia, attempted to and hates, also help to account for ebb tides in herald the Gospel in Persia, gained a footing on the enterprise of world evangelism. the mainland of India, perished when seeking to Like all effectual testimony Moravian missions found work in Labrador and contemplated a mis- were a fruit of personal experience of assurance sion to Abyssinia. Not all these undertakings at- of the grace of God, granted to faith. They were tained permanence, yet by 1747 converts had been the product of a deep religious revival among men won among eighteen different races. In some [269 ]

stroyed. Servile wars scattered the Arawak con- verts and occasioned the razing of mission sta- tions in the Guianas. War hampered communi- cations by sea and cut off missionaries from their base of supplies in men an~ means; and in great measure accounted for the abandonment of the at- tempt in India-that and the excessive mortality experienced there. During the Napoleonic wars the missionaries in Greenland were reduced to great straits; they had no bread and their cloth- ing gave out. For three years they could get no seeds to grow the crop of vegetables that gave some variety to their diet in times of peace. For a number of years flour was at an almost prohibi- tive price in Dutch Guiana.

Nevertheless in this very dark era the kind hand of God could often be discerned in the won- derful preservation of heralds who had been brought into perplexing positions. It was of His goodness that sympathy, called forth by these very experiences, on the part of Christian friends beyond the limits of the communion of the Breth- ren, in 1817 led them to found the London Asso- ciation in Aid of Moravian Missions, a society that still carries on its generous auxiliary activity.

The One Hundredth Anniversary The celebration of the one hundredth anni- cases hostile governments or governors interposed versary of the founding of Herrnhut in 1722 and a veto, or prejudiced religious leaders made such the recalling of God's wonderful dealings with the representations to officials of great trading com- fathers in 1727 prepared the home churches for a panies that held concessions in colonies, that the fresh experience of a season of refreshing from work was temporarily rendered impossible. In the presence of the Lord, that culminated in 1841 other instances the pioneers laid down their lives and the years immediately following. This in before organizing converts into a church. Some- turn bore fruit in missionary expansion and exem- plified the truth that the witness-spirit and suctimes war interfered with their work. In the decades following the death of Zinzen- cessful witnessing are closely connected with the dorf in 1760, and until the close of the Napoleonic revival-spirit, the two standing in the relation of wars, almost ceaseless strife in Europe and in cause and effect over against one another. various colonies partly accounted for a period of With the General Synod of 1848, the first of something like an ebb in Moravian missions. Yet these convocations after the full experience of the even in these years advances were attempted, new revival, began the modern advance of Morasuch as an entrance into Egypt with Abyssinia vian mISSlOns. That synod deliberated on ways as the objective, various undertakings in India and means for the more complete and effective and on the Nicobar Islands. Permanent success organization of existing fields and in particular attended the second landing in Labrador, contin- concerned itself with the problem of preparing uously occupied since 1770, and the Hottentot Mis- sons of certain of the newer churches to minister sion was re-established in 1792. Yet war ham- to their own people. It visioned the goal of ultipered. It accounted for very heavy financial mate financial self-dependence in these fields. But losses at the home base. It prevented the pass- it also determined that a favorable response age of missionaries to and from their posts. It should be given to several invitations to enter on led to and explained major reverses in the prom- new work. And the Church as a whole welcomed ising work among American Indians, notably the and became accustomed to the policy of expandestruction of the Christian Indian villages in sion.

Ohio and the massacre of the converts at Gnaden- As a result, in the rather more than eighty huetten. During the War of 1812 the Christian years since then new enterprises have been be- Indians of Fairfield, Ontario, saw their homes de- gun in Nicaragua, Western Tibet, Victoria, among

A MORAVIAN MISSIONARY BI-CENTENNIAL

(LEFT) A GROUP OF BUSH NEGROES AT HOME IN SURINAM, (DUTCH GUIANA) SOUTH AMERICA (RIGHT) A SUNDAY SCHOOL CLASS IN THE MORAVIAN MISSION AT LEH, LADAKH, LESSER TIBET A, W, HEYDE OF LEH (LEFT) AN OPEN AIR SCHOOL FOR EVANGELISTS OF THE MORAVIAN MISSION IN NICARAGUA CENTRAL AMERICA

the lepers of Palestine, in Demerara, in Alaska, in The World War most seriously affected Mora- California (Indians), in East Equatorial Africa, vian missions. Prior to it Herrnhut formed the in North Queensland, among the Asiatic contract missionary headquarters, with an international laborers imported into Dutch Guiana, and last of board, enjoying the hearty cooperation of auxilall, in 1930, among the Indians of the eastern iary boards in Britain and America. The war neregions of Honduras. With the best of intentions, cessitated financial decentralization, and for some however, for lack of men and means at least years communications were blocked. Administratwenty-five calls to enter upon other new work tion was also decentralized, and remains so. But have necessarily been declined during this period more than this, the financial support of the worldof advance. True, not all the fields actually en- wide undertakings was very seriously affected. tered were accepted as an objective beforehand; During the many years of missionary operations nor has every field been permanently held. When endowments had been built up, largely from legthe appeal of Gutslaff caused Pagell and Heyde to acies, for the pensioning of retired missionaries be sent from Herrnhut in 1853, it was in the hope and for the education of the children of missionthat the great Chinese Empire might be entered aries while active in the regions beyond, for the from the west via India, up the Indus valley and training of teachers and ministers in the lands across passes of the western ranges of the Hima- where new churches arose, the last mentioned enlayas. But, under orders from China proper, of- dowments being especially needed in view of the ficials blocked the way by a boycott that prohibit- type of peoples among whom the missionaries ed the supply of food. So the pioneers remained worked-peoples not blessed with money power. at Kyelang, many thousands of feet above sea level and commenced Christian work among the lama- Practically all the funds invested in Germany ridden Tibetan-speaking Buddhists. In 1848 a were swept away in the crash of Germany's finanmission was begun among the terribly backward cial system through the War and the subsequent black fellows of Victoria, Australia, and was at- period of inflation, and business undertakings in tended with success. But it proved to be a minis- Africa and South America also suffered most seritering beside the death-bed of a race. So their ous losses. A very heavy debt of honor now rests kinsfolk in North Queensland, reputed cannibals on the Moravian Church for the care of retired though they were, received the attention of Mora- missionary veterans and for the education of the vian missionaries, who were backed by the finan- children of those in the service. Indeed, the cial support and the practical sympathy of devot- American Province North in the United States is ed Presbyterians in Australia. Since the World so conscious of this, that it proposes to start build- War this last field has been wholly taken over by ing up a special fund as a chief feature of its bithe Presbyterian Church of Australia. centenary celebration, notwithstanding the pres- ent general depression. The Influence of War In spite of the seriousness of the present mis- During the past period of missionary advance, sionary situation and in spite of the causes for as in the former, war proved to be a mighty hin- anxiety the American Moravian Church perceives drance. The Kaffir mission in South Africa re- very much reason to thank God and take courage, peatedly experienced this in the first half of the as it proceeds to keep this significant anniversary. nineteenth century. During the American Civil God has done great things for us, whereof we are War the Cherokee Mission was so disrupted and glad. When Count Zinzendorf died in 1760, about received such blows, that it never really recov- fifty missionaries were at work and the baptized ered. The great World War involved the intern- membership in the mission fields has been estiment of German missionaries in India and in mated at that time as about 3,000. In 1848 the East Africa as prisoners of war, sometimes under total membership in those fields was about 64,000. terribly trying circumstances, they being separat- At the outbreak of the World War the total baped from wives and children, all being ultimately tized mission membership was 100,606. The latrepatriated. In East Africa it carried with it the est available statistics give a total of more than desolation of mission stations, involving heavy 135,400, served by 262 missionaries from the financial losses, at least temporarily put an end to home lands and 51 ministers and 16 assistant mineducational work in general and the training' of isters of the newer churches, with 408 of their native church workers in particular. In recent fellow-countrymen formally authorized to conduct years disturbances in Nicaragua have involved religious worshjp. In 240 mission day schools the martyrdom of a missionary and the temporary 40,806 children were being taught by 716 teachers. withdrawal from several important centers of ac- The ten advanced schools had 282 students in tivity, Indian converts taking refuge in the bush. charge of 32 teachers. Labrador, Alaska, Cali- fornia, the West Indies, Honduras, Nicaragua,

Demerara, Dutch Guiana, South Africa, East philus Solomon Schumann, the Apostle of the Equatorial Africa, the Western Himalayas and Arawaks in Berbice, who was permitted to bap- Jerusalem with its home for lepers, all of them tize more than four hundred Indians during his yet offer a scope for the zeal of the successors of comparatively brief day of work. Grunewald, Dober and Nitschmann. Sieboerger, and other missionaries in Nicaragua From the standpoint of missionary strategy gave the Miskito Indians the New Testament, realone the spending of energy among so many vari- vised by George R. Heath. A harmony of the ous backward peoples, in place of concentrating Gospels in Kaffir was the work of Moravian mis- on some one or two large nations that had de- sionaries, though the Kaffir Bible, printed in Lonveloped a native type of culture, may be open to don in 1879, was the work of Scotch missionaries. criticism as not being the best missionary policy. The New Testament, which in part or the whole But from the days of Count Zinzendorf, the Mo- has been done into four languages of what is now ravian Church has regarded it a duty to follow Tanganyika Territory, as well as hymnals and what seemed to be the call from our Saviour to manuals of doctrine came from the pens of misgo where great need existed among otherwise neg- sionaries of Herrnhut and of Berlin. Augustus lected people. Moravians have long been aware J aeschke, Heyde and Redslob and Augustus Her- that this entails special difficulty in bringing the mann Francke have as their common monument new churches to the stage of self-maintenance in the New Testament in the classical Tibetan, and men and means as a basis for further self-expan- Francke translated St. Mark's Gospel into four sion. Their first fruitage among the -ordained little known dialects of the Western Himalayan ministry of the newer churches was John Buckley, region. Space will not permit a recounting of ordained in Antiguae in 1856, when the abolition works prepared in connection with missionary unof slavery was of comparatively recent date. dertakings that failed of permanence. Schools for the training of native teachers had their start with the founding of the normal school It goes without saying that in the two centuries in Genadendal in Cape Colony by Bishop Hallbeck many Moravian missionaries have laid down their in 1838. lives for Christ's sake, some being lost at sea, many carried off by fevers, and some being On the other hand, the fact that -many of the martyred, like Carl Bregenzer recently at his early missionary undertakings were a m 0 n g post in Nicaragua. Yet God permitted many to slaves or among races that had felt the impact of give notably long years of service. The veteran Europeans simplified the linguistic approach. apostle of the Delawares, David Zeisberger, was Negroes cruelly torn from tribal homes in Africa active for sixty-two years. In the early period of acquired some use of their masters' speech; thus the Greenland Mission quite a number had more arose the "Negro-English" of the American trop- than forty years to their credit and Jacob Beck ics. This rendered the translation of the Scrip- was at work there for fifty-four years. In modern tures and of hymns a comparatively easy task. times Augustus William Heyde retired from the Similarly in South Africa the Hottentots substi- Tibetan mission in 1903, after more than fifty tuted the Dutch of the Cape for their own tongue. years in the field, and Frederick Augustus Hagen- But in many cases Moravian missionaries had to auer, who retired in 1907, gave more than fifty do linguistic work of a high order as pioneers in years to the black fellows of Victoria. Clement the opening up of strange languages or even in Oehler served at home in America and in the the reduction of these to writing. Moravian mis- West Indies and, though in retirement, is still sionary literature embraces 718 works in 17 lan- active after more than fifty years of service; and guages or groups of languages. The Bible or sep- Frank Wilde in J amacia, though technically rearate books of the Bible will account for 185 tired, does the full work of a missionary and may, works. John Beck and John Conrad Kleinschmidt please God, soon round out the half-century, while and Samuel Kleinschmidt are names that stand a number of others, like William Weinland, first a out in connection with the translation of the Scrip- pioneer in Alaska and then in Southern California tures into the Eskimo of Greenland. A. Erdmann among the Indians, and several in the West Inand Theodore Bourquin and Albert Martin are dian work, like Augustus B. Romig, and Bishop remembered in connection w.ith Labrador. Edwin C. Greider, went on well towards that mark.

"The Lord hath done great things for us, where- Various missionaries have done like work in of we are glad." Our special yearning at this connection with parts of the New Testament for time is for a season of refreshing from the pres- Alaska. In his more than sixty years of active ence of the Lord, that a renewal of our days may service among the various clans of the Delawares be brought about, with the coming of power from ::md the Six Nations, David Zeisberger was in- above, for more implicit obedience to the call and defatigable in literary work, and so was Theo- ~ more efficient consecration.

The Princeton Declaration on the Church and Missions A group of leaders, deeply interested in the development of greater missionary interest in the home church, and larger spiritual fruitage in the work abroad, met in Princeton on April 12th. There were present missionaries, pastors, laymen, seminary professors and board secretaries. These did not officially represent any organizations but met informally for con- ference and prayer. After careful consideration of the present crisis, through which many boards are passing, the following statement was adopted.

In the next issue of THE REVIEW we expect to publish extended comments on this State- ment, especially as it relates to the causes of apparent decline in missionary interest in the home churches and the supreme need of the hour. The Princeton Statement is signed, in be- half of the group, by a special committee consisting of Dr. Robert E. Spear of the Presbyte- rian Board of Foreign Missions, Dr. C. S. Cleland of the United Presbyterian Church and Dr. T. H. Mackenzie of the Reformed Church in America. It is as follows: In response to the call of the Committee of Foreign Missions of the Western Section of the Alliance of the Presbyterian and Reformed Churches, a group of members and officers of the foreign missionary agencies of some of these churches (the Presbyterian Church in the U. S. A., the Presbyterian Church in the U. S., the United Presbyterian Church and the Re- formed Church in America) met in Princeton on April 12, 1932, and after a day of prayer and conference and discussion voted to record: 1. Their gratitude to God for the measure in which, in spite of difficulties and finan- cial depression, their churches have been enabled to maintain their foreign missionary work; 2. Their assurance that by the blessing of God these churches will in due time restore and enlarge their work abroad and will go forward to the full accomplishment of their duty in association with the national Christian churches which have been established and with which it is their joy to cooperate; 3. Their unfaltering confidence in the true basis of missions; in the great acts of God for the redemption of mankind, and in particular in the historic fact and the univ~rsal meaning of God's deed in sending His only begotten Son to be our Saviour, and in His incarnation, His life and teaching, His death on the Cross for the redemption of the world, and His resurrec- tion as the beginning of a new God-given life for redeemed humanity; 4. Their conviction that the uniqueness and universality and absolute significance of Christ and His Gospel must be unswervingly maintained by our churches against all move- ments of syncretism or adjustment which compromise or imperil belief in the aloneness of our Lord Jesus Christ and the unique indispensableness of His Gospel, and that nowhere save in this truth of Christ and about Christ is there any hope for the love and righteousness and power of redeemed human lives and a redeemed human society; 5. Their joy in all the movements of change, or turning and over-turning, in the atti- tudes and conceptions of men's minds, in missionary methods and processes, in political and economic conditions, in the Church and in the world, which serve to lead men to Christ as the only Lord and Saviour, and to bring Christ to His rightful place as the only Lord and Mas- ter of mankind.

6. Their abiding faith in the Church as the enduring agency of the Gospel and their re- liance on the Holy Spirit as the sole source of its power.

7. Their deep sense of the need of prayer and their hope that all to whom God has entrusted leadership in the missionary enterprise should realize that prayer is their most important work; that prayer should be the atmosphere and spirit of our mission board of- fices, and that in missionary cultivation throughout the churches primary emphasis should be laid upon the development and strengthening of prayer groups and upon individual interces- sion.

Foreign Missions Cost Too Mu.ch'?

By the REV. CLELAND B. McAFEE, D. D., LL. D.

..:( New York j:..

Author of "Changing Foreign Missions"; Executive Secretary of the Board of Foreign Missions of the Presbyterian Church, U. S. A.

A COMMON objection to current foreign mis- (a) Administrative costs may be carried in £".. sionary work is that its administrative small items at many local points. Pastors, church costs are too high. Most of its critics officers, women, committees of higher church have passed the point where men scoffed at bodies could and do carry many such items of "spending ninety cents of each dollar to get the service. Few can give full time to them; they other ten cents to the mission field." That was are compelled to slip the added expense of time never true, unless possibly in some irresponsible and money into busy lives otherwise supported.

organizations. The larger Mission Boards and Independent or voluntary agencies for mission- Committees have never de- ary work sometimes announce served such unfounded criti- that there are no costs for ad- cism. Does it "cost a dollar to send ministration and that all con- But there is a more rational a dollar" for missionary work tributions go direct to the field. This really means that some criticism of "too large an in foreign lands? If not, men give their money entirely overhead" expense. It is diffi- how much does it· cost and cult, however, to tell exactly w,hat is rightly chargeable to or largely to support the home where "overhead" ends and missionary administrations? end of the enterprise, paying the actual work begins. Busi- Why is it necessary to have the cost of securing and admin- expensive headquarters and ness organizations exist for the to employ so many salaried istering the money to support purpose of making money and officers and clerks? Dr. Mc- the work at the foreign end. they count it wise to spend Afee, who has wide experience Somebody must pay the necesmoney in order to get money. in the pastorate, in the theo- sary costs of administration Missionary agencies exist for logical seminary, in mission- and promotion. If a volunteer the purpose of extending the ary travel and in Mission worker can use time otherwise Kingdom of God by the wise Board Executive work, an- requited or living otherwise spending of money, not to make swers these questions clearly. provided, he must not theremoney. They are compelled to Most criticism comes from ig- fore have the impression that spend money in order to raise norance rather than from this obviates administrative money, and it is difficult to cost. Every Mission Board reknow where the line should be knowledge of the facts. ceives a large amount of volun- drawn in "overhead" costs. tary service for which it makes Still it remains true that all no payment in money, but as observers of missionary agencies should be the work grows it requires more complete atten- concerned lest the administration of the work con- tion than can be given by the odds and ends of sumeS too much of the available funds. Adminis- time and strength of busy people. The problem is trative staffs may become too large, administrative to determine when that time comes and then to salaries may be too high, administrative programs prevent the work of salaried people from cutting may become too heavy and expensive, administra- off the service of volunteers. Much of the work of tive methods may become too intricate. the Boards is really the business of people in the Most Mission Board officers and members con- home church, pastors, officers and others. Com- sider that the costs are higher than they wish, but mittees of church members and officers might do they mean that they are more centralized than most of the promoting and collecting, the spread- they ought to be. A large work cannot be car- ing of information, the maintaining of inspira- ried on effectively without expense and consider- tion, and the like. It is exactly this that causes able expense. This expense may be distributed at most of the overhead cost in the missionary en- three points. terprise. Churches which have retained this local [275 ]

activity have low "overhead" in their Boards. In necessities. Christians live in their Father's churches whose salaried workers have taken over world and He cannot mean them to live in a nigthis responsibility, relieving local leaders of the gardly fashion. Missionary homes steadily imburden, the "overhead" is high. Much work must prove as the pioneer stage passes; facilities for be done to maintain the interest of the home travel increase and the allowances for various inchurch and to increase its gifts. If this were terests, and more elaborate equipment, all call for done by local leaders, it would distribute the load more and more money. How much of this is unof missionary costs in such small amounts that it necessary "overhead" and how much is to be would not be oppressive anywhere. The irony of charged to direct missionary work? Clearly the it is that local leaders who fail to do this often money is not wasted, for it puts better facilities resent the activity of their central Boards and at the disposal of the most carefully selected group Committees in trying to make up for such failure. of workers now in the service of the Church. It would be a counsel of perfection to suggest Thoughtful missionaries everywhere are setting that all of this work might be cared for by local themselves to watch the whole outlay with care leaders, for the central agencies have access to and to guard against scaling the work at too high knowledge and inspiration which local leaders expense. cannot secure directly; it is wholly possible, however, that much has been undertaken by central The Home Office agencies which really belongs to local workers whose service would greatly enrich the whole en- (c) There remains that administration which terprise. is generally the one in mind when "overhead" and missionary costs are questioned-namely, the Field Administration Expense home Boards and central agencies. These have their headquarters either in a rented place or (b) Part of the administrative costs are on the owned building, or possibly in the back parlor of field. As missionary work grows larger it proves a kindly person who does the work at night, or necessary to have certain unifying organizations in a minister's study where the pastor gives of his and agencies which lift the load from the mission- own time or that of the church. At the long last aries in their distinctive tasks. It is a waste of all this has to be paid for. There are secretaries, time for the average missionary to be treasurer treasurers, clerks, messengers, speakers, departof a large mission. It requires bookkeeping, ments increasing in number and size as the work reckoning in local currencies, watchfulness that grows. This third administrative force is the benevolent gifts are rightly applied-a skill and most obvious one and its costs are most easily time which the average missionary does not have. calculated, but it is only one of the three. As This involves a mission treasurer, who will give either of the other unloads responsibility, the cenmore and more time to the work as the mission tral agency has to take it up. And this explains develops. Field problems arise also, and it be- much of its cost. What local leaders do not carry comes necessary to set apart capable men for ad- must still be done. Each denomination or church ministrative work, to go on short notice to a place body has laid on its Mission Board the duty of of complication or danger, to give advice where maintaining the work, so that any reduction of difficult situations arise, to determine policies, to local leadership shifts the work increasingly upon hold the work in balance. All the larger Boards the Board. This centers the costs at one point, try to increase the administrative work on the sometimes making them seem unduly high. The field and to reduce it at the home end. More ques- same amount, spread over the local leadership, tions are settled on the field and fewer are re- would be counted reasonable. served for home offices. This is administration as truly as though it occurred in New York or In the same way, until decisions are made on London, but because it is on the field it is not the field, they must be made in home offices and usually reckoned as "overhead." they are safe only if there are consultations by several minds. Many decisions so involve But even here there is reason to be watchful. the home church that they cannot be made on the The entire missionary enterprise can easily be field. It is necessary to have a home office, sensiscaled on too high a standard of expenditure, tive to what the home church may be expected to though this is seldom a fault. Many missionaries provide in men and money and prayer. This inlive too simply and rigidly for their bodily endur- volves a staff of varying size according to the deance. A few have independent means or are velopment of the work. A Board with an annual aided by friends. Most people in civilized lands turn-over of four million dollars cannot handle are now living beyond the point of real need and the money carelessly or without consideration; it have made of their fathers' luxuries their own cannot wisely leave decisions to hasty thinking by

DO FOREIGN MISSIONS COST TOO MUCH?

those who can give the work only the leavings of ference workers for six days and preachers or their time and strength. Capable workers must speakers on the Sabbath, often with wearisome be employed and their salaries must be provided. travel added. Those who have independent incomes, as some have, can carryall or part of their living costs Other central costs of administration are those themselves. If not, they must be cared for out of receiving, caring for and transmitting funds of available funds. If special funds could be se- according to the will of donors; providing and iscured for salaries and other expenses, so that mis- suing promotive literature; guiding local leaders sionary gifts shall not be used for this purpose, on points which are better known to the central this merely would mean that a few individuals agency because of its contact with the field; seshall be asked to pay for the transmission and curing and caring for candidates; furnishing itinsafeguarding of the gifts of others. Good judg- erant speakers; meeting and speeding furloughed ment would suggest instead that all gifts pay and returning missionaries; purchasing supplies their own way. This demands that costs shall be ordered from the field both for general and perkept at the lowest point consistent with good ad- sonal use; caring for medical requirements of ministration. candidates and furloughed missionaries, maintain- ing inter-church and inter-board relationships for As a matter of fact most missionary agencies the prevention of duplication and confusion on the move on a much lower financial scale than the field and at home; keeping accurate and helpful lichurches which they represent, they provide lower braries and files-in short, standing helpfully besalaries than pastors of comparable standing in tween the home church and the field force, servthe church. Indeed, it is often difficult to secure ing both. the services of men who are wanted on board staffs because they do not think they can afford to All this involves financial outlay, and without accept the financial provision offered. The offices constant care the costs creep up. But there is of many boards are far less adequately equipped much less ground for criticism of these agencies than the studies of pastors in the same cities; the than the critics generally think. In proportion to demands on board workers are apt to be on the the work required, they are on a scale quite as seven-day week scale, for they are office and con- modest as other church agencies, and on a far more modest scale than business enterprises of the same dimensions.

"Nights With God" In Auckland By the REV. A. S. WILSON, J!: ..

Christchurch, South Island, N. Z.

H ARRY DAWSON was an Australian busi- date arrived the same state of affairs was appar- ness man who represented a commercial ent. We finally decided to start "after Easter!" house in New Zealand. Since the pastor of the Grange Road Presbyterian Church in On Good Friday the workers made a house to Auckland was to be away, Mr. Dawson was asked house canvass to invite people to the meetings, to supply the pulpit one Sunday in January. He and many came back telling of the exquisite joy readily agreed to take the services for two Sun- of soul winning. A prolonged prayer meeting days, if the pastor wished it, and two nights a was held that night. week in addition. He had done a considerable amount of evangelistic work and offered to hold a In the quiet of eventide two young fellows, apshort series of mission services. January is a pealed to in the visitation, came seeking Jesus holiday month for New Zealanders and when the Christ. This so delighted the young workers that time came the church seemed unable to throw off they went out to look for others and held a prayer the holiday spirit. The officers agreed to postpone meeting on the footpath. The glow of the Spirthe series of special services, but when the next it's power was present. About midnight nearly everyone went home, but seven remained to spend the night in earnest prayer for the district

of Mt. Eden, for the city of Auckland, and for As a result of months of such a weekly rendezthe services. vous there arose the Prayer and Revival Cam- paign which aimed to help all the churches in Evangelistic meetings were held each night and their work. From this center various united another all night of prayer was announced. This evangelistic campaigns have sprung up and have time twenty-six attended and four were brought produced great results for the glory of God. in from the streets. Mt. Eden is a no-license district so that these wayfarers were quite sober. Dr. W. H. Pettit journeyed to Grange Road Three came out for Christ that night and joined early in the series to verify the reports of the the band of praying ones. Among this group happenings. So convinced was he that this was was a bright, educated young fellow, leader of the a work of the Holy Spirit that he addressed a big Christian Endeavor Society at the Tabernacle meeting of "Brethren" from various parts of the built by Thomas Spurgeon (son of C. H. Spur- city about the fruits of the meetings. They were geon) and now ministered to by the Rev. Joseph so moved that they arranged a series of special W. Kemp. Over seventy people came to the next prayer times all over the city. The wife of an night of prayer and the same glow and power was Anglican clergyman declared that she had never present. Every night the ordinary meetings went known such ease in approaching people about the on; in fact, they lasted for seven weeks. On Fri- things of God. The general manager of one of day evening they filled the body of the church and the largest business houses in the city said that many remained all night. On the fourth "all in all his years in Auckland no such spiritual atnight" meeting one hundred and forty stayed mosphere had been abroad. The Secretary of a until about 6 :30 a. m., and even then it was diffi- large New Zealand enterprise, who had not been cult to close. People in the city began to take near a revival meeting, became acutely conscious notice; these meetings became a topic of conver- of unhappy estrangement from God. He sought sation on trams and buses. Some were awed; a prominent Christian business man and yielded some treated it with scorn and ridicule. The himself to God. "nights with God" each Friday continued, the numbers soaring until some 250 were present. Many heard the word: "If I regard iniquity in From eight o'clock until midnight the meeting my heart the Lord will not hear me," and they was general with one or two addresses. Among stepped out to surrender for sanctification by the speakers were Rev. E. R. Harries, Chairman faith and for the fullness of the Spirit. No one of the Cambridge Convention; Mr. Chas. J. Rolls criticized or wondered for everyone seemed in and the Rev. Joseph W. Kemp of the New Zealand sympathy. Like Archbishop Leighton, they were Bible Training Institute; the Rev. John Laird, "driven from natural independency to make M. A., a Baptist; the Rev. R. C. Roberts, B. A., Christ all their strength." As Dr. Robert Dale B. D., President of Auckland Ministers Associa- said of some at D. L. Moody's gatherings in Bingtion; Dr. W. H. Pettit, the Rev. F. H. Radford, ley Hall, they came "anxious, restless, feeling Harry Dawson and the Rev. A. S. Wilson. after God in the darkness" and before our eyes their faces were filled with light. People came in goodly numbers. Grange Road is one of the oldest churches in Auckland, having The sense of unity in these gatherings was the been built by Bishop Selwyn in 1865. A quarter unity of the Spirit. A company of ministers of a century ago it was purchased by the Baptists were discussing the "all nights" sympathetically and has become a sacred, holy place to many. and with wonder. One of the oldest said: "What Passersby were amazed to see the old property has struck me is that at four in the morning the ablaze with light at one o'clock in the morning Anglican at one end, the Plymouth Brother at the and a score of cars standing in front. Songs of other, and all the denominations between, strike praise were led by the pipe organ and the over- the same note." Glory to Jesus Christ, the wonflow of joy was very reverent. At midnight the derful Saviour! worshipers passed to the Social Hall singing "We're Marching to Zion." There the atmos- We are reminded of the words of Bishop phere became like heaven upon earth. There was Moule: "The secret of continuance is taking earnest crying to God that He would look upon pains to keep up intercourse with God." The Auckland as Christ looked upon· Jerusalem. For- "all nights" remind us of the intercessions of eign lands were also remembered and God heard, Jesus when not by streams of penitents, but by reviving His own people and leading them to engage in per- Cold mountains and the midnight air sonal soul winning.- Witnessed the fervour of His prayer.

THE SON OF KING MSIDI, WITH HIS HEADMEN AND MUSICIANS, READY FOR A

"In the Reign of King Msidi"

What the Missionaries Faced in Africa Forty Years Ago By MRS. JOHN M. SPRINGER, Jadotville, Central Africa Missionary of the Methodist Episcopal Church T HE sun shone brightly on the capital of Few doubted the guilt of the queen and her Msidi at Bunkeya, the Congo, in the heart older son, Mungo. All the other five hundred of Africa. The city was washed clean by wives of Msidi were sure of it, and the young the torrential rain of the preceding night. But wife, Tava, hated Mataya with venomous jealthe great capital was wholly unmindful of the sun ousy and longed- with all her savage heart to see or of the rain-washed town. If anyone gave a Mataya stoned and her body pulled limb from thought to the rain, it was to trust that it would limb. Then she, the beautiful Tava, would be ingive a good crop of corn, or mealies (mataba). stalled as queen. She stood among the other women, silent, scornful, hated by them as much as For the entire village was concerned with one she hated Mataya. It was a town where hate thought, "Would Queen Mataya be proved guilty reigned supreme. of witchcraft and of causing the death of her younger son, Muti, who had been killed in This was in December, 1887. Msidi, the king, battle?" sat on a low stool under his verandah. He was a [ 279]

man of about 60, stout but vigorous, with power- of things. The sorcerers were brilliantly and ful, sinewy muscles. His round, almost childlike fearsomely painted, bedecked with feathers and face, utterly belied his character. A short, snowy with fantastic apparel and headgear. They were beard covered his chin. He was king by right of watching the bones while the king was watching prowess and unrelaxing tyranny over the whole the diviners. country. His name carried terror throughout Central Africa. Msidi had his share of superstition but he also had knowledge of the methods o{ the ngangas. King Msidi's eyes took in the whole scene with- They were clever politicians and tricksters. They out seeming to see anything. He saw Mataya, would bear watching, especially the wily Tombo. now middle-aged, beginning to grow fat like him- Msidi knew that Tombo had good reason to hate self. She was sitting on the ground near her elder Mataya, for she had once reported his plots to son and favorite. The king did not like this son, Msidi in time to frustrate them. Tombo had laid in wait to get his revenge. LUBA WITCH DOCTORS WITH THEIR IMPLEMENTS OF TRADE Molenga, Msidi's brother, had been the one sent nor did he trust him; but always preferred Muti. to fight the rebel villagers and Muti had been sent Perhaps Mungo had killed Muti to get him out of with him. Molenga now sat at one side with a the way. "Yes," thought Msidi, "and he might do hundred or more of his warriors around him. He the same to me if he got the chance. Well, the might need them. One never knew. If worst chance had not come yet." came to worst he would die fighting and not like a dog. His lips tightened and he ground his From the corner of his eye he caught a glimpse teeth. of Tava's face. A beauty! As beautiful as a diamond-backed puff-adder and just as trust- Molenga was also superstitious, and he was likeworthy! She was ready to strike now with her wise shrewd. He and Tombo had been together deadly fangs. Today it was Mataya and her son. from youth; they had wrestled and fought to- Tomorrow she would strike the king, if she gether and had engaged in games of skill. They thought her would-be paramour, Tombo, could get had also experimented at witchcraft and knew the throne. Tava would bear watching. something of these clever sleight-of-hand per- formances. He knew Tombo's ambition; he would In the open space in front of Msidi sat the get rid of Mataya and Mungo; then he, Molenga, clever Tombo and his group of ngangas (witch would be next and the final blow would be aimed doctors) divining with bones, stones, toe-nails, at Msidi. bits of leaves, bark, elephants' tails and all sorts Molenga mentally decided that Tava, that slim beauty with the eyes and heart of a cobra, would also bear watching.

Tombo rose to his feet like a man in a trance. The bones had spoken and as chief nganga he must give their message. He began to sing in a dreary wail and to sway from side to side, holding the onlookers spellbound. He reminded Msidi of a snake about to strike.

"Muti come to the hut of Mataya," he chanted in high falsetto. "He want gun; he with Molenga go fight. Mungo say, 'Why you go? Msidi no love you; chief he no love me. Why must we fight his battles?' "

A murmur like distant thunder greeted these words, for the mob felt that Mungo was as good as dead already. How their fingers itched to get at him! The witch-doctor continued: "Mataya now say to Mungo, 'Unfwa, listen! Give him gun. What matter if he be killed! It is not the king who will mourn him. Let him go and die.' "

That seemed to settle Mataya's doom. "This is the word of the spirits," wailed Tombo, "this is the word of Tombo and the ngangas who divine the things of darkness. This is the word

"IN THE REIGN OF KING MSIDI"

of Muti who speaks by the divining. Tombo give two prisoners. His heart was sick with the con- Muti charms. No bullet can hit Muti when he stant witchcraft, bloodshed and violence. wears the charms. Muti sleep; in the darkness the evil spirit of Mungo come out of his body and It took extraordinary faith and grit for Fred go to Muti. His spirit take away the charms and Arnot to spend five of youth's best years in getgo back the same night to Mungo's own body. The ting to this capital of Msidi. It took courage to next morning Muti go to battle without charms. keep on going toward the city when he was told The bullet come; it pierce the body of Muti; he that Msidi had vowed to place the head of the die. He know then that his mother, Mataya, and first white who should enter on a long, sharp stick his brother, Mungo, they make him die." in the center of the capitaL In another minute the savage mob would dash A KATANGA WITCH DOCTOR IN FULL DRESS the two victims to death, tearing them apart. The people insanely thirsted for blood. Yet not one But Fred Arnot never wavered. He spoke to of them dared to lift a finger until the king spoke. God about it and then went calmly forward. His For a few seconds King Msidi was silent, but he head was still on his own shoulders, and he was dared not keep the mob waiting long. now expecting the arrival of two other white men -Swan and Faulkner. Then he could leave for Once he loved Mataya. She has been true to Scotland, recuperate after five years of extreme him. Tava could rouse his passion, but he could hardship and return with reinforcements. never trust her. Still he must not lose his hold on this herd of dogs. Hyenas! How he hated them! As soon as Msidi received the news of the com- No one had any clue to the thoughts behind the ing white men he saw a way whereby he could king's masked'face. At last he spoke: save his face and his wife and son also. With his usual dignity, he rose to his feet and said in a "The spirits say that Mataya and her son are clear, loud voice, "I must haste to send messenguilty of the death of Muti. I, Msidi, will see gers to meet the white man. You are dismissed. that my son is shot dead. I will hold Mataya that The white man shall not find blood when he comes. she may see it done. I will attend to her later. This is my son; this is my wife. Let no one touch them. I am Msidi, and I will do the execution."

It was a daring thing even for the powerful tyrant; but he liked to do daring things. He loved to do the unexpected and to show his power. Whether he could have curbed the madness of the superstitious crowd would have been hard to say. But at that very moment a runner pushed his way through the crowd and, throwing himself at Msidi's feet, rubbed white clay on his face and chest and shoulder to show that he had a white heart. Then he sat back on his heels and clapped his hands three times.

"Mutende (peace) ," said the chief. "Speak r What news?"

"I come from the Abalungu, white men. Two suns ago one he sleep at Molenga. The other, he sick; come polipoli (slowly). The mulungu is on the path now and arrives today. I come to tell his message."

Tava veiled the passionate hatred in her black eyes and Mataya hid her sudden joy and relief behind her lids. As for the volatile crowd, it now forgot all about the two victims in the excitement of a white man arriving, for in those days white men were scarce in Central Africa.

Only one white man had so far dared venture into Msidi's kingdom. The missionary, Fred Arnot, had come and at this moment was standing on his little verandah on the hill overlooking the town and wondering what would be the fate of the

I give Mataya my pardon. My son must go to a hideous, wanton, callous cruelty which the young far country. I will not have him here. I have missionary could never forget.

spoken." On another occasion, when young Swan re- That same day Msidi received Mr. Charles A. turned from hunting to supply his need for meat, Swan, as he had received Mr. Arnot. He was as he entered the town, he saw two of the king's even more cordial, and much to the embarrass- soldiers rush out upon two women and run them ment of the young man Msidi sent him a present through with their long spears, and drag the of fifty wives, each one loaded with grain. It hearts from the victims before their bodies fell to was a ticklish situation, for there was reason to the ground.

fear that, if the women went back discarded, they He went to the chief and denounced the men would all be put to death. Mr. Swan managed who had committed the brutal outrage, but Msidi to refuse them in a way not to offend Msidi, and looked at him with a slight twinkle of amusement the women were taken back into the king's harem. and, speaking as to a fractious child, said, sooth- ingly, "There! there! Swana, why make such a Later, when he was better acquainted with fuss! They were only women!" Msidi, Mr. Swan said to him, "Msidi, how many wives do you have?" One day the chief sent for him to come and greet his favorite wife, Chitompe, who had just The king gave him a sly wink and said, "Did come back from a war expedition. "On reaching you ever try to count the raindrops as they fall '! the king's place," said Swan, "we saw the King Neither can I count my wives. Perhaps there are coming out with a head-dress of parrots' tail five hundred. But I will let you have half of feathers; his body and his arms were covered them." Msidi had a sense of humor. with cloth of gaudy colors, and his face whitened with pipe clay (sign of a white heart). The king was proud of having a white man in his capital. He was shrewd enough to realize that "Then came Chitompe, borne on her litter, he could not always keep out the white men, and dressed in a similar manner. The warriors folit would be well to have a missionary at court as lowed, walking slowly and singing their war a friend, or, perhaps, as a buffer. chant, while the skulls of their victims were car- ried either in their hands or dangling from their He often classed himself with the white men waists; one even had a skull hanging from his and would say to his subjects: "We are not dogs teeth. They began a monotonous dance amidst like you Bantu."

But he never quite understood the white man's the firing of guns, and then in an orderly manner, morals and tried to develop in him a more Spar- one by one, brandishing their spears, they laid tan character. He called Swan, "Swana," and the skulls at the feet of the king."

one day said, "Swana, there is to be a fine, official, Msidi was kind to his "Swana," but it was formal execution of prisoners, and I want you to hopeless to try to turn him from his evil ways. come and see it." At times he was like a kindly old Grandfather This was equivalent to a command and, though Jekyll, and then suddenly he would become a Mr.

the white man did not relish attending, he decided Hyde. Frequently he would arise from a night's that he could not avoid it. Both Arnot and Swan sleep or debauchery in one of his worst moods and were fearless hunters for game, but neither could would snarl, "M-m-m! Something's wrong. I feel countenance cruelties. Hoping that the execution it in my bones. It will not be right till I smell would have some semblance of dignity, Mr. Swan blood." Then he would give orders to have some met the chief and they went to the place of execu- poor wretch brought to his house and killed be- tion. Then he realized that the affair was consid- fore his eyes. "Swana" would try to reason with ered in the light of a fine sport. The poor him, but when in his better moods the king would wretches were trussed firmly and placed on their say patronizingly, "Ta, ta! Swana. You don't knees at regular intervals in a long row. Opposite know these dogs. I do. I know how to deal with each prisoner was an executioner-great, brawny them. This is the only way to keep them in savages, each with a long knife or cutlass in his hand."

hand. When all was ready, Msidi gave the signal, "They were a wild, savage lot," said Mr. Swan and the executioners all started at full speed. On forty years later; slaves which he had captured reaching the victim, each struck a tremendous for the most part, and, while fear made them blow just over the left shoulder blade, and, if the obey, they hated him and he knew that many were blow was a success, he reached in and pulled out ready to kill him at the first opportunity.

the heart with a jerk. The one who did this first Eventually the thing which Msidi most feared was the winner and tossed the still palpitating came to pass. The Belgian officials arrived to es- heart back and forth among his fellows. It was tablish their government in the country. The

chief called "Swana" and told him to drive the to go to the sea without expense." He bade Msidi white men away. But Mr. Swan told the chief farewell, never to see him again.

of the pact made in Europe and that it was not The discovery of copper took Msidi into the possible to send them away. Captain Marinel copper country where he was warmly welcomed asked the young English missionary to act as in- by the chief, Katanga. Copper has been the terpreter, and he agreed on condition that there means of opening up all Central Africa and has should be no fighting started by the white men. resulted in the establishment of two large mining At the close of the interview the chief ordered centers-Elisabethvil1e and Panda-Likasi (now his men to clean out some large huts which were renamed J adotvi11e) . The latter is only sixty kilbeing occupied by his wives in the center of the ometers from Bunkeya, where Msidi's son, Mwentown, and these were turned over to Captain Mar- da, now lives. Motor roads lead from the capital inel and his men. to the railroad which intersects the whole conti- An hour or so later, while Mr. Swan was stand- nent from Lobito Bay on the west to Beira on the ing on the outskirts of the capital, chatting with east. the white men whose loads were being carried into the huts now ready for them, it seemed as Forty years passed before Mr. Swan saw Bun- 'if a gatling gun had suddenly gone mad. Bullets keya and the Katanga again. As he entered the flew in every direction, followed by shrieks of the wounded and terror-stricken inhabitant&. Before they could recover from their surprise, there came a tremendous explosion, and soon the grass roofs burst into flame. It seemed as if the entire town would be burned.

In the haste to carry out the chief's orders, the floors of the huts had been hastily swept, and the cooking fire, which is always in the center of a hut on the dirt floor, was not carefully cleared away.

The porters brought in their loads, and dumped them down carelessly, glad to return to their own country near Bihe. Many of the loads containing ammunition were dumped on the hot fireplaces where a few live coals still remained. The cartridges soon voiced their resentment and bedlam ensued. Msidi seemed quite indifferent to the loss of the huts or of the fifty or more people who were killed and wounded. Mr. Swan suspected he was glad so much ammunition was destroyed.

Captain Marinel suggested that Mr. Swan ac- LUBA. QUEEN AT KABONGO company him to Lusambo as interpreter and that (Note the Egyptian type af face) he then go down the river to Boma and to Eng- capital a host of neatly dressed Christians came land for a much-needed holiday. When he told out to meet him, singing hymns of praise and the chief that he was leaving, Msidi showed fear thanksgiving to God. It was an overwhelming for the 1irst time. "Don't go, 'Swana'," he begged sight for the man who had lived four years in with foreboding. "If you go the white man will those early days amid cruelty and bloodshed. kill me." But Arnot had already returned to Africa with a party of missionaries, and Dan Craw- "No one dared to accept Christ in those days," ford and a companion would likely reach Msidi's he said. "He would have been killed instantly town any day. had such a thing been known. The only man I ever knew to be converted in my time fled to a "It will depend on you," he told Msidi, "whether distant tribe where hE:' won many to Christ before or not you are killed. I have tried to be a true he dared return after the death of Msidi. . friend, but this wholesale murder cannot go on As soon as Msidi was ki11ed, the people scattered, forever. You would not believe me, and now you for most of them were captives and slaves. have begun to distrust my friendship. I can do no more, and other friends are near at hand. I "What changes we see today! They are inam worn down with hardship and fever, and have credible. Think of a beautiful church in Elisano money to travel, but this offer will enable me bethville and Christian natives to fill it! It is nothing short of a miracle."

Gandhi or Christ In

By C. L. SURY, B. A., LL. B. Lahore, India M AHATMA GANDHI'S pronouncement on tians showed their willingness to forego rights on the place of the Christian missionary en- the basis of communalism, so that the Christian terprise in the national regime for community was the only minor group to take a which he is working has caused a certain amount patriotic stand in the fundamental problem of miof concern amongst the serious-minded Chris- norities. Christian patriotism is rewarded with tians. It brings to the front a very important an injunction forbidding us share our spiritual aspect of religious liberty in India. The issue is experience with others. all the more grave because the Indian Nationalist leader, in spite of the professed largeness of his Mahatma Gandhi's conception of religious truth soul, has singled out one minor community-the is evident when he says that one religion is as Christians-to be the target of his observations good as another and that India does not need regarding what he calls "proselytizing." spiritual light from abroad. Truth is universal and is therefore incapable of being regarded the Mr. Gandhi's own co-religionist, Mr. Rama- property of anyone race or nation. But one peonand Chatterji, President of the last conference ple may have a much clearer view of truth than of the Hindu Maha Sabha in Karachi, declared another. that "the Hindus should be conceded their rights of proselytizing." That statement evidently has Dr. Wendell Thomas, who has made an exgone unchallenged by the Hindu Mahatma. No haustive study of the Hindu movements in the member of the National Congress has thought it United States of America, clearly shows in his fit to comment on the declaration of the President book "Hinduism Invades America" that none of of Maha Sabha. those movements could have made any progress if the Hindu missionaries had not been supported The Mahatma apparently is afraid to touch the by American admirers. Maulvi Sadar-ud-Din of major minority group, the Mohammedans, for he Sialkot, who, until his return to India, was the desires to cultivate a sort of peace mentality. Imam of Woking Mosque in London, has a ro- Anyone acquainted with the missionary work mantic tale to tell of the Ahamadiya Mission in which is being energetically carried on by the England. Ahamadiyas of Lahore and Qadian, can foresee the communal opposition which would follow if Dr. E. Stanley Jones, one of the most precious Moslems were denied the right to propagate their gifts of America to India, once illustrated the faith among others and to make converts to Islam. spirit of tolerance by quoting Voltaire, who said, The right to win converts is an important element "I disagree with everything you say, and yet I of both the Mohammedan and Christian religions. would fight to the death for your right to say it." On this, in the last analysis, will hang the satisfac·· As a follower of Jesus Christ, my Master in a tory solution of the communal problems in India. democratic form of government, I have a right to say that without personal regeneration through Indian Christians make suitable material for faith in Christ no one can have a clear concepa stable and constitutional government. This tion of political freedom. Mahatma Gandhi has fact, stated by the Bishop of Portsmouth, is sub- a right to accept the Sermon on the Mount as stantiated in times of political crises. At the truth, but not one has a right to restrict my lib- Round Table Conference, Indian Christians were erty to proclaim this Gospel as it has been made the only minor community whose representative, real to me. the late Mr. K. T. Paul, repudiated communal representation. This was done in the interest of No Christian believes in merely adding to the India's national welfare at a time when other number of adherents, but we believe in the evanmajor communities were fighting over the distri- gelization of the world. As evangelical bebution of the political loaves and fishes. lievers, we are witnesses and not advocates. In the words of the Master, "We speak that we do In the statement submitted by the Indian Chris- know and testify that we have seen." tian Conference to the Simon Commission, Chris- [284 ] MR. M. K. GANDHI AS A STUDENT AT OXFORD MAHATMA GANDHI AS A LEADER IN INDIA There is no freedom more fundamental than the Indians, as a nation, are communally-minded right to belie've and true liberty includes the right and as citizens we are sadly lacking in publicto share with others our experience of God's sal- spiritedness. Recent riots and our political convation. Christian conversion is a matter of first ferences serve as good mirrors showing us our old hand knowledge, both intellectually and experi- nature that needs to be changed. mentally. All men stand in need of spiritual conversion of this kind. Regeneration is a cre- Education may improve our old nature but canative act of God's spirit and is made possible by not change its essentials. Education is therefore entire surrender to God as he is made manifest inadequate. We need a thorough transformation in the person of Jesus Christ, the first step there- in our sense of values and in our very nature fore being an appropriating trust in Jesus Christ through direct contact with Him who is the Truth. as our personal Saviour. This will help us to become Christlike. "Truth shall make you free." My prayer therefore is that India may learn to appropriate both truth and freedom.

Why Missionaries Seek Converts Mr. Gandhi has been advising missionaries to keep to their philanthropy and to drop their efforts at conversion. He is interpreted to have implied that he would drive out missionaries if he could unless they were willing to accept his terms. His views of religion are those of a Hindu. A Hindu with his deeply-rooted belief in destiny cannot believe in converting others or in letting them convert him. Gandhi most definitely advocates that a man should abide in his own ancestral religion. This is part of the doctrine of Swadeshi. The missionaries listen to him courteously, and go on with their work in all its completeness, for Christianity is not like Hinduism in this matter-for it conversion is an essential doctrine.

EDWARD SHILLITO.

Christian Approach to the ]e-ws*

"~I By the REV. JJ'OewHishNWSor.kC, OBoNa~Nd IoNf NGa,tiDon. aDl .M, NisseiownsY, ork Tt. •.

Director of r Presbyterian Church, U. S. A.

I T is a pathetic fact that the Christian Church semitism of Poland, Roumania, Germany, and in its approach to the Jews through the cen- other lands is driving the Jews in upon them- turies has rarely been Christian. Seldom has selves in self-defense. Though our own two it been wise. Prejudice and unchristian conduct, neighboring lands have given to the Jews a larger often fostered by an intolerant theology, have hid- liberty than they have ever known, there is yet den the face of Christ from the people that gave enough of prejudice and dislike to neutralize Him birth and with whose fol- much of the Christian mes- lowers they have always been sage. The Church that would in contact. The methods of ap- For hundreds of years the successfully interpret Christi- proach employed furnish the Jews in Europe were isolated anity to the Jews must give most shameful examples of in "the ghetto" or "Pale of diligence to the practice of its spiritual malpractice that any Settlement." The "Christian" fundamental ethic.

race has been called upon to approach to the Jews was In view of the number, qual- endure. with curses and reviling, with ity, and increasing influence of Across the years we see a sticks and stones. Is it any the Jewish people, it is amazpeople in an endless procession wonder that these Jews re- ing how little has been done by of suffering-here a massacre; viled in turn the Christian the Christian communions of Saviour? The result is seen there a multitude in exile; yon- in America today. But the North America to bring within der an auto-da-fe; at this point the sphere of their interest and communities of Jews driven in- atmosphere has c I ear e d. effort this historic race to to Christian churches on Holy Christians are studying the which they owe so great a debt. Cross Day to listen to tirades true "Christian approach to The first real steps that have the Jews" so as to commend against their faith and denun- the Gospel of Christ. Dr. Con- ever been taken by the Chrisciations 0 f the i r stubborn ning, who has been working tian forces of these two lands pride; at that point ignorant to consider unitedly their re- with and for Jews for nearly mobs, shouting "Christ-kill- half a century, presents here sponsibilities and opportuniers," perpetrating unutterable the way of approach that is ties within this field are of rewrongs against a defenseless cent origin.. Thirteen months the way of Christ. people-everywhere there have ago at the Home Missions Con- been legal discriminations and gress in Washington that great social ostracisms without num- representative body definitely ber. Scarcely a generation has passed since expressed its attitudes and convictions, and re- Pobiedonostieff, the Procurator of the Holy Rus- ferred to the Home Missions Council the task of sian Synod, set out to compel Jewish conformity appointing a committee through which the resolu- to the State Church by organizing pogroms in tions of the Congress might be translated into ac- Jewish communities. His policy, as he explained tion. Last May the International Missionary it, was: one-third will be slain, one-third will Council, under the leadership of Dr. John R. Mott, emigrate, and one-third will enter the Orthodox called together at Atlantic City a group of Chris- Church. tian leaders representing various Christian agen- It is against this background that Christianity cies in North America to consider the problems in America must make its approach to the Jews, connected with a Christian approach to the Jews.

for most of the Jewish people in this country have The findings of this conference are without doubt come from eastern Europe. Even now the anti- the most valuable contribution that has yet been • Report presented at the annual meeting of the Home Missions made to the study of this subject, and a North Council held in Toronto. January 4-6. 1932. American Committee was appointed to give effect [286 ] to the recommendations. The third and most tional practices have been faring badly. (2) important step was taken in September last, when Modern thought has made serious assaults upon these great missionary organizations decided to the citadel of orthodoxy. Science and philosophy coordinate their efforts in this field by the ap- have called in question its fundamental concepts pointment of a Joint Committee on the Christian and claims. They have scouted the notion of di- Approach to the Jews. This was made up of vine sanctions for its most hallowed customs. (3) representatives of the Home Missions Council, The secular spirit of our time which has been test- Council of Women, Federal Council and Interna- ing every faith has taken large toll from the synational Missionary Council. gogue.

The principles upon which such a service should The cumulative effect of these and other inflube projected are now rather well defined, but the ences has been to change the whole character and working out of an effective program carries us outlook of Jewish life. Departures from orthointo a field of relationships so complex that large doxy within Judaism may be roughly classified as sympathy and understanding are demanded. Conservative and Reform. All three, however, There are in addition unusual circumstances in constitute but a fraction of American Israel. The the Jewish life of America that emphasize the largest fraction, which renders no allegiance need and urgency of adventurous and construc- whatever to the synagogue, is comprised of at tive leadership. Indeed, there has probably been least three elements-the intellectuals, who have no period since Jesus walked the earth and Paul accepted a materialistic philosophy of life; the proclaimed his message in the synagogues of the working people, who have largely adopted socialdiaspora when the Christian faith had such an ism with its doctrine of human brotherhood as opportunity to commend itself to the Jewish peo- their religion; and that large class of well-to-do ple as it has today in America. irreligious, who give themselves to the pursuit of pleasure and gain. Modern Judaism This situation is giving the Jewish leaders the First, we should recognize that we have now in utmost concern. Their councils are filled with these western lands the largest and most influen- foreboding as to the whole future of their people. tial Jewry in the world. There are here approxi- Things are not as they were, and they realize that mately 5,000,000 Jews, one-third of the Jewish no amount of repining can turn back the hands population of the world. And here they are at on the dial. Their perplexity finds frequent and the peak of their experience with respect to free- varied utterance. Sometimes the blame is placed dom of opportunity, culture and achievement. In- on traditional Judaism and its failure to meet the dividuals and groups within Jewry will doubtless needs of modern life. Dr. S. M. Melamed thus occupy still larger places in the life of these two comments on orthodoxy in the Reflex: neighboring nations. Already the leadership of world Jewry has passed into their hands. What The Hebrew word galuth does not only signify disperhappens to the Jews in America will largely de- sion. Its true meaning today is "sighing under the yoke termine the future of their people throughout the of an oppressor." Rabbinic Judaism is a greater galuth world. In our plans for the extension of the for the Jew than all the oppressions of all the anti-semitic cause of Christ within our borders, we do well to governments combined. The reaction to oppression on the consider earnestly our relationship to this virile part of a government is either resistance or attempt at and resourceful people, who already sit at the revolution, but the reaction to the oppression of rabbinic springs of influence and give more than their Judaism is the destruction of the Jewish soul and mind. share of direction to the life of our people. Rabbinic Judaism is choking the Jews to death intel- lectually and spiritually. Then we should consider the revolutionary changes that have taken place in Jewish life and On the other hand, Reform Judaism also comes thought within recent years. The disappearance in for criticism because of its failure to meet the of the ghetto and the emergence of Jews into the present crisis in Jewish life. Dr. Solomon Goldcommon life of the world have had disastrous ef- man, in his recent book, "A Rabbi Takes Stock," fects upon their traditional beliefs and practices. says: In their new conditions they have met three disintegrating influences: The end of almost a century of religious conflict in Jewry finds neither Orthodoxy nor Reform with any vic- (1) Modern industrialism is a force with which tory to record: finds, rather, both so impoverished in spirorthodoxy had not reckoned, and against which it itual and intellectual resources that neither can hope to has been waging a losing battle. In the factory, meet the new chaJlenges of our own day. the warehouse, and the department store, the Saturday Sabbath, the dietary laws and other tradi- Another utterance in the same key was recently sounded by Rabbi Stephen S. Wise of New York, in one of his sermons on "The Agony of Israel," when he said:

The agony of Israel is that we bear ourselves for the Jewish working people socialism has taken the most part as if there were nothing to safeguard, nothing place of Judaism. They claim that its emphasis more to cherish, nothing left to preserve, and as if there on brotherhood and its call to humanitarian servwere to be no future-this the end. Religion! Are we ice adequately replaces the faith of their fathers. not becoming its destroyers rather than its guardians? Others are seeking satisfaction in new thought, There is something which calls itself religion current in ethical culture, theosophy, spiritism, Christian certain smug circles of Jewisb life bere and in otber Science and other modern cults. lands. For the most part it is nothing more than a poor pulseless imitation or simulation of a decorously unvital Christianity also is having its chance. The old mysticism. And save for this there is little, if any, so- antagonisms, bred in eastern Europe, grow less called religion in the household of Israel-orthodoxy being virulent in the free atmosphere of America, and almost as dead as reform. as the older generations pass. Jews today are more open-minded than they have been for many The difficulty of maintaining a Jewish life centuries. Many are examining the faith from under modern conditions is frankly recognized. which their fathers have been so long estranged. In one of his essays dealing with current religious They are reading the New Testament and other problems, Rabbi Mordecai M. Kaplan says: Christian literature. They are listening to mes- sages over the radio, and occasionally they visit The most heartbreaking disillusionment which we Jews Christian churches. A considerable number, dishave faced in our entire history has been the one follow- satisfied with Judaism, are finding the answer to ing the removal of our civil and political disabilities. The their deepest longings in the faith of Christ. It least we expected was that we would henceforth find it is estimated that at least 20,000 are now identified easier to be Jews. The fact is that it was never so hard with Protestant Christianity in America. to be a Jew as nowadays. Perhaps the most significant movement in Jew- The tie that binds most Jews together today is race rather than religion. A Jewish author and ish life within our generation is the changing atstudent of Jewish life remarked to me recently, when I suggested the possibility of a revival of titude of Jews toward Jesus. For fifteen cen- Judaism: "Religion is no longer a factor in J ewish life." It is for this reason that many Jewish turies no reputable Jew ever named that name. leaders are placing their reliance upon Jewish culture, rather than religion, for the survival of But the long silence ended definitely when Profestheir people. This is the underlying motive in modern Zionism. It is hoped that by a return to sor Klausner of the Hebrew University, Jerusathe ancient homeland of many thousands of Jews there will come about a quickening of national lem, published in Hebrew for Hebrew readers his consciousness which will stimulate Jewish life throughout the world. Arthur Ruppin declares scholarly and critical study, "Jesus of Nazareth." Zionism to be "the last desperate stand of the Jews against annihilation." The Zionist hopes of This has been followed by such volumes as Emil Jewish leaders, however, are not being realized as fully or as rapidly as they had planned. The Bal- Ludwig's "Son of Man," and Rabbi Trattner's four Declaration, as interpreted by the British Government, affords no basis for the aspirations "As a Jew Sees Jesus." The value of these studof extreme Zionists for an all-Jewish Palestine. The presence in the ancient homeland of an Arab ies in giving Jesus His proper setting in Jewish and Christian population five times greater than that of the Jews, who also claim their rights in life may be freely acknowledged, but the Jesus the land through many generations, must necessarily postpone the realization of Zionist dreams they portray is not the Jesus of the New Testato an indefinite future. ment or of Christian experience. It is a purely Religions Among the Jews human portrait that is set before us. In a day It would be a mistake, however, to think of the Jews as an irreligious people. The religious in- ~hen Christians generally are learning to apprestinct lies deep in the heart of the Jew, and many devout Jews within the synagogue bear testimony CIate the Man of Nazareth, as He is seen against to the spiritual values which they are finding in the practices of the ancient faith. Even among the background of His own land and of His own the large number who have forsaken the synagogue there are many who are eagerly searching times, Jewish authors do not hesitate to say that elsewhere for spiritual satisfaction. For young He was nothing more than that-the product of Jewish development on Jewish soil, a Jew who lived and died a Jew, who never claimed divinity, and never dreamed of founding a new religion.

Here we have a distinct challenge to the Church_ We need, in answer Jtoesutsh.eseThveoluJmeweis~h a new apologetic concerning situa- tion demands this of us.

From whatever point of view we regard this re- markable people we are summoned to consider what our approach to them should be. Any worthwhile Christian approach should include the following: (1 ) Understanding and appreciation. One reason why the work of interpreting Christ and

THE CHRISTIAN APPROACH TO THE JEWS

Christianity to the Jew has advanced so haltingly problem we have to face in a Christian approach. is that few Christians really know the Jew. He While there are in all our churches gracious souls lives in our midst and shares our common activi- who have conquered racial antipathies, there are ties. It is taken for granted that he is actuated also those who have never been delivered from the by the same motives, sees things from the same sway of primitive instincts and unregulated angle, and responds to the same appeals as our- prejudices. Any effective approach to the Jews selves. But the soul of the Jew is his own. He therefore involves a thoroughgoing educational has his own heritage. He has been shaped by his program in all our churches for the eradication own traditions. He views things through his of prejudices and the creation of truly Christian own eyes, and applies his own standards of meas- attitudes. The church cannot successfully at the urement. The constant complaint of the Jew is same time preach its Gospel and deny its fundathat he is misunderstood and that his religion is mental ethic. misrepresented. An important step in the cultivation of better This charge, without doubt, is largely true. Few attitudes was taken by your Joint Committee in Christians know anything of Jewish history sub- sending out the following message concerning our sequent to the New Testament period. They have relations with our Jewish neighbors at the Christlittle understanding of the long struggle for sur- mas season which was signed by the heads of alvival that has marked the passage of the Jews most all the church bodies and Christian organthrough the centuries, of the ill-will, injustice and izations in the United States and Canada: persecutions to which they have been subjected. They do not dream of the chasms of misconcep- At this season when the Christmas message of peace to tion and prejudice that separate Jews from Chris- men and good will is being sounded through the world, tians, of the bitter memories of personal and ra- we Christians of the United States and Canada, mindful cial wrongs that are cherished, of the unyielding that this message was first proclaimed in the land of attitude of opposition to Christianity that has be- Israel to the Jewish people and that it has come to us come an integral part of the Jewish tradition. through them, earnestly seek to emphasize its significance for us today believing that the message from ancient And, strange to say, little has been done to Palestine, if truly accepted, can mellow and exalt all hubring within the sphere of modern missionary man relationships and hasten the time when men shall study this great people whose religion is so closely dwell together in peace. identified with our own, and whose progress down the years furnishes more of vital knowledge, in- We deplore the long record of wrongs from which the terest and inspiration than can be drawn from Jewish people have suffered in the past, often from the the history of any other non-Christian people. We hands of those who have professed the Christian faith have textbooks for Indians and Mexicans, for and who have yet been guilty of acts utterly alien to Orientals and Negroes, but none for the race of Christian teaching and spirit. Jesus. Very evidently we are not going to get very far on our journey toward the Jew until we We declare our disavowal of anti-semitism in every form know something about his background and his and our purpose to remove by every available means its mental characteristics. causes and manifestations in order that we may share with our fellow citizens of Jewish heritage, every political, The Christian Attitude Toward Jews educational, commercial, social, and religious opportunity.

(2) In a Christian approach to the Jews there We urge upon Christians everywhere the cultivation of must be the cultivation of right attitudes. It is understanding, appreciation, and good will toward the a strange fact that Jews have rarely been popular Jewish people to whom we owe so much. We call upon all citizens in the lands of their sojourn. There are Christians as they commemorate the birth of Jesus at few lands in the world today in which it is not a Christmas this year, to join us, through personal influence, serious handicap to be a Jew. Even in our own the teaching of the young at ho.me and school, and in other land there is, in places, a pronounced anti-Jewish ways, in earnestly seeking the removal of anti-Jewish sentiment. Jews find themselves excluded from prejudices and their consequences and the advent of a certain hotels, apartment houses, clubs, and new era of friendly fellowship and cooperation w.orthy of schools, and in seeking employment they often the faith we profess. face the legend, "No Jew need apply." To a highly sensitive people such discrimination is a (3) In an approach to the Jews use should be constant irritation. Slights may be harder to made of existing agencies. The traditional apbear than blows. It is the existence of this proach to the ,Jew has been through a mission in spirit, in some measure within the Christian a ghetto, which dealt with immigrant Jews church, that constitutes the most embarrassing through Yiddish addresses and Yiddish litera- ture. As conditions of Jewish life change this method of approach can no longer meet in any adequate way the Jewish situation. The ghetto is no longer characteristic of Jewish life, and Yid- dish is less and less used by American Jews. The great majority of Jews today live in American neighborhoods, sharing the life of the people about them. They resent being singled out from

their neighbors for a separate Christian ap- working and aggressive and claim more than proach. For this unreached multitude, scattered their share of honors, with the result that preju- over many thousands of neighborhoods, new dices are aroused, and out of prejudices are born methods are necessary. ostracisms and dislike. The growing anti-semi- Fortunately we have in this country an un- tism in our educational institutions will test our paralleled opportunity to bring the Jewish people resourcefulness to the utmost. Conferences with within the range of Christian influence. Accord- student leaders, seminars, and round table confering to the "American Jewish Year Book" Jews ences of the Stanley Jones type are necessary are living in 9,712 different places in the United steps in the removal of bitterness and the mellow- States. The situation in Canada, in proportion ing of student contacts.

to the population, is quite similar. The signifi- (4) An approach to the Jews also calls for a cance of this fact is that today ninety-five per ministry of interpretation. It is important here cent of the Jewish people on this continent are that Christians should clarify their objectives in living in proximity to Christian churches or their approach to the Jewish people. Jews charge Christian neighborhood houses. There are many Christians with cherishing the deliberate purpose thousands of churches of the denominations rep- of destroying Judaism, the religion in whose resented in this Council that have Jews living in bosom Christianity was nourished, and the syna- their own parishes, and many of the neighborhood gogue, the spiritual home of Christ and all his houses have also Jews living at their doors. Ob- apostles. As a people engaged in an eternal viously we can no longer think of our responsi- struggle for survival in the midst of an alien en- bility to the Jews in terms of a mission here and vironment, such efforts are regarded with resent- there in a ghetto, we must think of them also in ment and with the determination to resist them terms of the many thousands of churches and to the uttermost. It is from the standpoint of neighborhood houses under the shadow of which survival that we must interpret most of the oppo- they are now living. We have here a normal, sition that Christianity encounters from the Jew- effective, and God-given opportunity to do some- ish people.

thing really worth while for the Jewish people. In this connection it is important for us to con- The local church and the neighborhood house have sider whether our aim is to proselytize and build in many ways the advantage. Hundreds of up the church at the expense of the synagogue or churches have already discovered that Jews, in- to evangelize or share with our Jewish brethren stead of being unreachable, are as responsive as the spiritual treasures we have found in Jesus other people to an intelligent and sympathetic Christ. So long as the synagogue refuses to have Christian approach. There is here a very call of fellowship with those of their own number who God to every church having Jewish neighbors. If have found in Christ God's answer to the cry of every church in the United States and Canada their hearts for peace and pardon and spiritual facing this opportunity accepted in some sp~cific power, so long will it be inevitable that such Jews way its responsibility, the aggregate of service will seek in the church the fellowship that is dewould far exceed anything that has hitherto been nied them in the synagogue. But that is the prob- attempted. lem of the synagogue and not of the church.

Such a service calls for conference with pastors Our primary concern is to share with the Jews and church leaders for the enlistment of local the evangel, the good news that centers in the perchurches in this program, and the organization of son of Jesus. As expressed in a finding of the groups for study and service. It also involves Atlantic City Conference: "We believe that, courses of lectures in seminaries for the prepara- having found in Jesus Christ, our Redeemer, the tion of those who will furnish future leadership supreme revelation of God and having discovered in this work. our fellowship with Him to be our most priceless There is also an alluring opportunity for serv- treasure and the only adequate way to spiritual ice among Jewish students in our colleges and life, we should have an overmastering desire to universities through student pastors and other share Him with others and very specially with Christian workers. This is a field that has those who are His own people according to the scarcely been touched and yet, if we are to mold flesh."

the relationships of our Jewish and Christian Anyone who is familiar with the approach of leaders of tomorrow, it is here that we must be- the Church to the Jews from the second century stow our earnest attention and ripest thought. on, must stand aghast at its failure to present to The number of Jewish students in our higher them the Christ. Of bigotry, controversy and schools of learning is out of all proportion to their antagonism they have had more than enough.

percentage of the population. They are hard Through such things the face of the greatest Jew

of history has been veiled from their eyes. It is to enter the whitened harvest field also emphanow our high privilege to make Him known in sizes the need of a united and worthwhile apterms of sympathy and understanding. The su- proach. Here for the first time in history Jews preme need of the Jews is Jesus Christ. Bewil- in large numbers are in contact with Evangelical dered and groping for their way, He is the an- Christianity, and they present to us the most swer to their quest. He is now beginning to searching test of its reality and power. There emerge in Jewish thought from the mists that can be no assured future for Gentile Christianity have enveloped Him. . They are coming under the in these western lands if we fail to discover an spell of His matchless personality, but they do not effective approach to the Jews. If we are sucknow Him. That requires contact with those cessful, it will have its repercussions throughout who have an experience to share and a spirit to the world. The work is vast and complex, and it exhibit. The supreme need in this field is inter- is only through our joint endeavors that we can preters. To enlist and prepare them is the find a solution for this age-long problem. To Church's urgent task, for the interpretation of bring about a rapprochement of Jews and Chris- Christ to the Jew requires more than words, it tians for the establishment of the Kingdom of demands the whole life. God within our borders is the responsibility that rests upon us and calls for our best thought, our This brief conspectus of the Jewish situation willing cooperation and our earnest prayers. on this continent and of the providential challenge Missions and the Present Crisis* The history of the Church shows that new op- to bear one another's burdens. Opportunities for portunity and fresh responsibility come at such sacrifice will emerge, which will throw men and times as these. The central fact in human affairs women back on God and draw them into closer is that Christ stands in the midst of His Church, Christian fellowship with one another. And as the very Word of God, identifying Himself with we realize that the situation contains the possihuman life and giving to men faith and hope and bility of such spiritual gains for all of us we shall love. The crisis is a trumpet call to turn all eyes be stirred to ensure that nothing God requires to God. from us shall be wanting.

The missionary societies have a special contrib- The young churches in non-Christian lands must ution to bring into the response of the Church to this call of God. They represent its world-wide have a special place in the hearts and prayers of mission and direct its work overseas, a work beset at the moment with great problems, but at- the home churches in this time of crisis. These tended with the most inspiring success. churches, ranging from large' communities to To the missionary committees will fall the task of adjusting resources to needs, but the necessary small isolated groups, are the sure pledge of the adjustments can be carried through with a sympathy and an understanding that will make the great world-wide Church of Christ that is to be. work not a hateful task but a sacrament. Christian statesmanship is called for so that the ad- They are all facing heavy odds with great courjustment of policy to the new situation may be truly constructive. Enriching cooperation is made age. The crisis will make big demands on them, possible as we get closer together to ensure that, while economies have to be effected, the Christian and it is our privilege to enter into such a deeper witness is not lessened but rather strengthened. fellowship with them, as they too make their sac- The supporters of the work-responding sacrificially, while themselves so hard hit-and the rifice, as may make the crisis a blessing both to missionary committees may both acquire a keener sense of stewardship as they envisage the position them and to us. The needs of the situation will of the men and women representing them on the frontiers of the Kingdom, and the hopes and fears call each member of the younger churches to more of the young churches in non-Christian lands. The missionary work of the Church is one of the great devoted personal service, and they will have much schools where at this time we may all learn anew to teach us of their experience of God in Christ • A Message from the Standing Committee of the Conference of Missionary Societies in Great Britain and Ireland. as they shoulder larger responsibilities and rely more entirely upon Him. '

Those who believe that in Christ lies the hope of the world will reckon up anew their resources in God. All the difficult roads of these days of crisis lead to God if we choose to turn our steps to Him. He has much to say to His Church if we only listen. The Church was founded and its mis- sionary work entrusted to it just for days like these. .

Lift up your hearts. We lift them up unto the Lord.

Parish Turner-A Friend

FelloV Servant D"lucaj By the REV. J. LOVELL MURRAY, D. Toronto, Canada 11="

Director of the Canadian School of Missions, Formerly Educa- tional Secretary of the Student Volunteer Movement A FEW weeks ago there passed from view and the intercommunal fellowship of all Christian be- .I".. entered into the greater life, a prince of lievers. friends and a stalwart among the servants In the year 1897 he married Rose Vaughan, of of the missionary enterprise. He was distinctly Nashville, who continued to the end an inspira- a leader, but the word tion to her husband and a "servant" is the truer term tower of strength in his to write across his record. work. In the year of his He aspired only to be use- marriage Turner was called ful; it was his personal by the Student Volunteer gifts and qualifications that Movement to be its General kept him in the front line. 'Secretary. Those were the Fennell P. Turner was "early days" of the great born in Danielsville, Tennes- movement, which originated see, on February 25, 1867, at Mount Hermon in 1886 the son of Rev. W. A. Tur- and was formally organized ner, a minister of the Metho- two years later.. When Tur- dist Episcopal C h u r c h, ner took the lead in its first South. While still a Van- decade, its spurs had been derbilt University under- won and the crusading pas- graduate, he was for two sion of its youthful years years principal of Dixon continued to be powerful in Academy. He was gradu- the colleges. It was still in a ated in 1891 and entered formative period, its tech- Vanderbilt Theological Sem- nique was in the making and inary and also became as- many 'college presidents and sistant editor and business professors, mISSIOn board manager of the Tennessee leaders and religious jour- Methodist. Religious jour- nalists in the United States nalism won the competition and Canada were dubious for his interest, for he about its value and its per- dropped his theological work manency. It was Fennell after the first year and con- Turner, together with John tinued with the paper till FENNELL PARISH TURNER R. Mott, who continued as 1895. It was a turning Chairman of the Executive point in his life when in that year he was ap- Committee from 1888 until 1923, who gave the pointed State Secretary for Tennessee of the Movement an established place in the sun of Young Men's Christian Association. That was academic and Church approval. Their strong, the beginning of an unbroken connection with in- wise and spiritual leadership kept the aim of the terdenominational activities that lasted for over Movement single and fervent, its genius distinc- thirty years. Yet he was always Church con- tive, its orientation true. There were many bat- scious. He was to the end a shining example of tles to be fought, misunderstandings to be cor- the compatability of intense loyalty to one's own rected, budgets to be balanced, problems of organ- communion and fervent, active enthusiasm for ization and relationship to be solved. But no one [ 292] ever saw Turner lose faith or hope, dodge a diffi- pointing candidate secretaries. Going further he culty or decline a responsibility. He gloried in conceived the idea of an inter-board organization the fact that the Movement was a movement and in 1911 brought about the formation of the rather than an organization and that it had never Board of Missionary Preparation. In addition to drawn up a formal constitution and by-laws. But his other work he carried the responsibility for he kept our minds fixed on what he called the this useful and growing agency until 1916 when "fundamental principles of the Movement." the double duty became too great and President These principles on which he rang the changes Frank K. Sanders of Washburn College was called are still an unwritten constitution and to them to be Director of the Board.

the Movement owes much of its growth and influ- ence. With the Foreign Missions Conference He was a ceaseless, and at times a feverish toiler. For example, he took elaborate pains with As General Secretary of the S.V.M., Dr. Turner the literary tasks that often fell to him. Besides made it a point to keep in close personal touch initiating some important missionary publica- with all the "sending societies." The secretaries tions, he wrote several -pamphlets and magazine of these boards came to look upon him as a valued articles and edited a number of volumes, includ- colleague and in the annual Foreign Missions Con- ing reports of the Student Volunteer Movement ference, which he always attended, they recog- and other gatherings. He was equally careful nized his wide knowledge, sound judgment and about every other aspect of the work. "Take organizational gifts by appointing him to various nothing for granted" was one of his slogans. He important committees. In 1918 he was made was early at his desk and usually he was the last Recording Secretary of the Conference and in the to leave in the evening. If, as was true probably following year he gave up the General Secretary- twice a week, a light was burning in the office at ship of the Student Volunteer Movement to be- night, it was almost invariably in Fennell's room, come full-time Secretary of the Conference and of for he was a familiar figure on the night trains to its interim committee, the Committee of Refer- Montclair, New Jersey, where the Motts and Tur- ence and Counsel. In this highly important posi- ners made their home together. He had a charge tion he remained until 1925. Missionary leaders to keep and he was true to it; he had a job to do of all communions in North America know with and he let it monopolize him. His colleagues al- what devotion and success he carried forward this ways found him taking up the heavy end. He work with its many ramifications during those six carried his work about with him. Often in the crowded years. For its present position of dead of night when he would be wakeful and strength and usefulness the Foreign Missions wrestling with a problem he would click on a Conference is deeply indebted to the sagacity and light to jot down some idea that occurred to him energy of Fennell Turner. It was a service be- or some item that must not be forgotten. He mas- yond price or praise to the cause of missions.

tered his work and was mastered by it. Though It was natural that his talents, his broad inter- powerful in frame, he had some physical weak- ests and extensive knowledge should be drafted nesses and with these he dealt faithfully in every freely by other organizations. He served on the way except resting. At times when his physician General Committee of the World's Student Chris- urged the necessity for a vacation, he would say, tian Federation, on the Board of the American "I found that out off my own bat. But I'm put- Christian Literature Society for Moslems, on the ting it up to you to get me back to par while I am Editorial Council of the Missionary Review of the in the saddle." He did not choose to dismount. World, on the International Missionary Council, During his energetic administration the Move- on the Executive Committee of the World Alli- ment advanced steadily in the confidence of the ance for Promoting International Friendship mission boards and in its hold upon the student through the Churches, and on the Administrative life of North America. Up to the year of his Committee of the Federal Council of the Churches resignation 8,140 Volunteers had begun their mis- of Christ in America. He was a delegate to the sionary service in all corners of the globe. World Missionary Conference in Edinburgh in He was one of the first to take up seriously the 1910 and to the International Missionary Confer- problem of missionary training, which is twin ence in Crans, Switzerland, in 1920. He attended brother to the problem of recruiting, although it in 1916 the Panama Congress of the Committee has only been tackled in earnest in recent years. on Cooperation in Latin America (having been a Turner canvassed the subject with board secre- member of the committee of arrangements) and taries, missionaries and professors of missions. in 1925 represented the Foreign Missions Confer- He arranged conferences on the subject. He ence at the Montevideo Conference, held under helped several boards to see the necessity of ap- the same auspices.

In all of these relationships he gave his best. deal to me. Fennell was continuously enrolled in That he was chosen for so many important serv- the great Academy of Friendship. And he was ices was a high tribute to his abilities and wis- an apt student.

dom. Further recognition came when Hope Col- We soon recognized that in a sincere and unlege, Michigan, conferred the degree of L.H.D., affected way his life was truly spiritual, anchored honoris causa and when the Vanderbilt University in the realities of Eternity and God. When he Chapter of Phi Beta Kappa elected him to mem- entered any group or activity he seemed to bership in 1931. strengthen its religious tone. He often spoke of In 1925 he relinquished the Secretaryship of the the danger of organizations being "concerned Foreign Missions Conference to become Secretary more with mechanics than with dynamics." His of Missionary Education and Foreign Extension example was a quiet challenge to his colleagues to of the General Sunday School Board of the Meth- be better men. We found him to be unselfish at odist Episcopal Church, South. This meant that all times. He was ready and glad to work with- he had "fetched a compass," for he was now back out recognition. He wanted results, not credit.

in his beloved Tennessee and in the particular Many an idea was set forth, for which the kudos service of the Church of his fathers. He was in- went to others. He was kindness incarnate.

vited in 1930 to become a member of the Fact While still a youth he undertook heavy obligations Finding Commission of the Laymen's Foreign in behalf of others which involved a sustained Missions Inquiry. He joined the section assigned self-denial through many years. But he found to India and spent a busy year in making inves- pleasure in carrying that load. And many an- tigations in that land and in writing his report. other load as well. Those immense shoulders This proved to be his last undertaking here. He overcrowded with duty and responsibility were returned in poor health and went to California to always hospitable to the burden of a troubled rest, hoping soon to be ready to resume work. person who came his way. But the Master of all good workmen had planned that his next assignment should be in another We were often made aware of his rigidity. He world. So on the night of February 9th last he was unyielding in his convictions and tenacious in went Home to God. his judgments. At times this was interpreted by some as stubbornness, especially when he would hold up the work of a committee to fight for his Elements of Strength point. But we who knew him best realized that it Every fellow-worker of Dr. Turner would agree was the attitude of a robust character with a keen that the great contribution he made to his gen- sense of responsibility. He was impatient with eration was not through his talents and his en- superficial thinking and with the attitude that ergy, but by the touch of his rich personality. change is to be reckoned as synonymous with How graciously potent it was! At our very first progress. So time and again he would be found meeting he impressed us all as a gentleman, every skating back from the forward line and preventinch-and there were six feet of inches-the per- ing an opponent's score by his solid defensive fect Southern gentleman. We rallied to a man so play. full of the joy of life, interested in a wide variety of things, jovial, optimistic, with a ready smile, a He impressed us by his bigness. He was a conhearty laugh and a flair for all that was sunny firmed interdenominationalist and internationaland funny. We saw in him a great lover ot ist. Conservative by nature, he was tolerant of men. People rather than organizations interested those who differed from him and he held the finhim. He gave time and attention to them lavishly est fellowship with men of widely varying belief and thought it well invested, even though it played and tradition. Always frank, always above board, havoc with his schedule. He was an enthusiastic he seemed able to look through incidentals to the personal Christian worker. He loved children. As essence of a matter. He thought in large terms and he did things in a generous, noble way.

a comrade he was a towering success. Friendship And observing closely through the years we saw with him was a two-way traffic. He inspired love a personality and a career marked by simplicity.

and unrestrained confidence for we found him He was easy to understand. He had chosen a few opening his heart to us and we knew that he loved central convictions and purposes and around us and was loyal. On a railway train he once these he organized his life. To his convic- asked me, "How do you think of Christ? You tions he gave a loyal adherence and into the real- know," he said, "some think of Him chiefly as ization of his purposes he poured the strength and their Master, others are most conscious of Him as passion of his days. Therein lies one chief secret their Redeemer. For my part, I habitually think of Fennell Turner's effective self-giving to move- of Him as my Friend." That explained a great ments and men.

Education in a Local

..:( By the REV. NORRIS L. TIBBETTS, Chicago Pastor and Director of Religious Education in Hyde Park Baptist Church M ISSIONARY education is primarily con- bring friendships among Christians in different cerned with developing the habit of think- parts of the earth, the world view is enriched and ing in world terms about the highest wel- the world ties are strengthened. But opportuni- fare of people. Long before the average man's ties for such personal contacts are usually lim- thoughts went much beyond his neighborhood and ited. The church in this generation is concerned almost never beyond the nation, the Christian with a missionary movement the extent of which Church was bringing the farther corIiers of the has greatly diminished the personal aspect for the earth to the attention of its local church, but enormously members. Conscious first of a increased the significance of message born of a personal ex- The advance of Christian mis- the missionary affairs. Misperience of the power of Jesus sions has radically changed sionary education today must Christ, there have been men the Church. Narrow vision bring to people some sense of and women who, like the and sympathies are signs of this world-Christian movement. Apostle Paul, saw next a vision ignorance. Information proof a needy world. The sense motes breadth of interest and This can be done in part of a mission and of a message develops I a r g eheartedness. through the preaching. I am to people in their need has sent How may intelligent mission- not thinking of the missionary the missionaries forth. These ary interest be promoted in a sermon which specializes on were the first to think cre- local church? May we not some world theme, often for atively in world terms about lose character and enthusiasm the purpose of raising money. the highest welfare of people. unless we understand why we Coming at irregular intervals, should give ourselves to this such a sermon may stimulate Those who remained at home world-wide enterprise and un- interest and achieve certain followed with their interest less we have first-hand knowl- immediate results, but it can and support the missionaries hardly be expected to develop who went abroad. Naturally edge of the workers? the habit of thinking in world the horizons lifted and the terms. This will come only as provincial outlook of the local a result of the constant stretch- church began to take on the ing of the mind with thoughts characteristics of a world View. But it was a that reach out into the world at large.

world view nourished by definitely personal in- There are at least two ways which I have ob- terests. In its earliest stages, Baptist mission- served by which preaching can develop the world I ary enthusiasm, for instance, focused in Adoniram view. The first is by widening the application Judson in Burma. When the first converts of principles or truths until they are seen in their joined the missionary, they came intimately to the widest world setting. The other is by the use of attention of the local church. I think this sense illustrations gathered from the literature or ex- of personal relationship was extremely impor- perience of other nations or races. Uncon- tant as it kept alive the interest which gave sup- sciously the boundaries of the mind are ex- port to the enterprise. But it was only the be- tended to share with appreciation the thoughts ginning of a comprehensive outlook. It was like and lives of distant people. The latest develop- a wedge of thought and interest driven into the ments in our missionary emphasis have given to blank wall of the world's larger life. this type of preaching a new significance. Hav- The modern church is not thinking in terms of ing judged other peoples by the Christian stand- a single missionary here and a handful of Chris- ard and found them wanting, we have sent mis- tians there. There are hundreds of missionaries sionaries. Now these peoples, who have learned and thousands of Christians. If circumstances from us these Christian standards, turn back [295 ]

our judgments upon ourselves. 'Ve have been of the Missionary Enterprise," to a group of compelled to realize that when we preach to the people steadily increasing in numbers and interneeds of the world, we preach to the needs of est. This is a revealing fact. People who are acour own land. When we preach to the needs tively engaged in the missionary enterprise may of our own land, we preach to the needs of the need to realize the background of the modern world. Preaching may make a people world-con- movement. They may need a restatement of its scious. purpose. Evidently there is a desire to know why the work should be carried on. In our generation Various group projects within the church help we are promoting an enterprise which was initiatto develop the habit of thinking in world terms. ed by O1U forefathers. It issued forth from their World friendship and mission study courses have experience on a flood tide of enthusiasm. May 'we increased knowledge on world affairs. During one not reach a point where our enthusiasm will begin entire year the program of the Business and Pro- to wa,ne unless we discover, as a result of our fessional Women's Club centered in different thought and experience, why we should give ourcountries of the world. The program for the selves to this enterprise in our day as other genchurch school has been concentrated usually in a erations gav.e themselves to it in their day? I besingle month. I think this could be fairly criti- lieve we should seriously consider whether the cized. A new plan extends the program for con- church in our modern world does not carry a sidering world relationships to two months, and double responsibility, first to keep the missionary is the outgrowth of a curriculum whose entire enterprise m01Jing forward, but second, and funpurpose is to broaden the student's thinking in damentally as important, to interpret the reason terms both of God and of his fellowmen. It for and the purpose of this enterprise so that it would not be particularly helpful to describe these will challenge the enthusiasms of our day. various projects in detail. The underlying principle is that interest in the missionary enterprise This church has been fortunate in its contacts is sustained as the world view is cultivated and with world movements. Men and women in its extended. Both by what we think and by what membership have had positions of responsibility we do the habit of thinking in world terms is on many boards and commissions that have dealt developed. with world affairs. One of its ministers went as Barrows lecturer to India. World-mindedness is Ever since our particular denomination set contagious and through the interest and leaderaside one month for intensive missionary edu- ship of such men and women, the thinking of the cation, this church has cooperated with the pro- church has been extended to embrace widely sepgram. This cooperation has been of two kinds. arated areas of the earth. Not every church is so First, the special book of reading has been wide- blessed. But what has happened here in notable ly distributed in the homes, primarily through degree can be reproduced elsewhere. children of the church and school. The ideal is to have the designated section read each day by I come back finally to the importance in misthe family together. In the next place a series sionary education of the personal element. Withof church night meetings has been arranged. For out diminishing my emphasis on the importance several years missionaries and foreign students of developing a world outlook which can discern spoke. This was an important contribution to and appreciate trends and movements, I should the world view of the people. Twice lectures have like to add a word of ~mphasis on the value of perbeen given over a period of four weeks illustrated sonal contacts. Great events stir us as we grasp with stereopticon and moving pictures. These their meaning and their power. But the influence were not successful, due primarily to the limita- of example and the power of personality are best tions of the pictures. Personally I should say able to reach the hidden springs of human interthat the most vital method of missionary educa- est and action. For instance, I have followed Sam tion has been the least developed. I mean visual Higginbottom's work at Allahabad because in stueducation through motion pictures intelligently dent days I heard him speak and felt the influand artistically filmed. Until great improvement ence of his personality and because in later years is made, motion pictures from the field, in my a friend of mine went out to join him. Therejudgment, do more harm than good. fore, beside the important task of developing our thinking in world terms about the highest wel- During the time that this intensive program has fare of all people, I should like to place the value been presented, the most significant meetings have of making some personal contacts which will give been those which dealt with the philosophy of the to us the feeling that in and through our friends missionary enterprise. One year for five weeks we are sharing in the world-wide Christian ena professor of missions in a divinity school lec- terprise. tured on "The Whence, the Why and the Whither

Ways of

'Tested Methods for Increasing Interest at Home EDITED BY MRS. ESTELLA S. AITCHISON, GRANVILLE, OHIO SPRINGTIME PROGRAMS vegetables and flowers, have a ers (released from container as poster for each meeting, using it in gift-shower), autumn leaves, Nothing short of the most al- for advertising purposes in the fruit baskets (specifically lining luring presentation of the best vestibule beforehand, then hang- up the fruits of definite missionpossible missionary material is ing it near the leader's table as ary efforts), holly berries (at worthy of a consecrated pro- an illustration and visualization Christmas meeting), a missiongram b u i Ide r. "The King's of some feature of the theme. ary bouquet, etc. In general, the Business" requires not only You will find that leaders of the appreciation of a meeting is in "haste" but our utmost en- successive meetings vie with proportion to the number of peodeavor. Are you giving that to each other in having the most ple taking part in it within its your m iss ion a r y teaching, attractive posters: and when, at time limits, and this manner of preaching or programs? So long the close of the series, the whole serving current events affords as skilful seasoning conditions collection of posters is hung excellent opportunity to use the the acceptability of food, we around the room for compari- timid folk. should never consider negligible son, some small reward may be the higher art of the program given for the production of the The devotionals are effectivemaker, carefully studying her one best adapted to its purpose. ly designated as "Meditations," appeal to the normal appetite. This is optional. and they come nearer to being Out of 35 years' experience as truly devotional if placed at the pastor's wife and mission circle The serial title may well be close of the program when prayworker, the writer can positive- "World Gardening," or "Our ers grow naturally out of fresh ly g u a ran tee that sufficient Missionary Gardens," the motto information and inspiration. pains, prayer and preparation being either "The Field Is the Freshen the devotional period will draw the audience. (The World" or "As the earth bring- with variety which forces the "preparation" covers attractive eth forth her bud, and as the auditors to think and feel. advertising. Many an excellent garden causeth the things that program finds its extinguisher are sown in it to spring forth, Excellent meditation themes "under a busheL") so the Lord God will cause right- may be selected from the follow- eousness and praise to spring ing assortment and fitted to the One of the most picturesque forth before all the nations." topics chosen: and attractive figures under which to develop a series of The leader of each meeting Grapes Sweet and Sour-Jer. 31: studies for juniors, intermedi- may be called the Head Gar- 29, 30; Num. 13:17-24. ates, high school students or dener or Head Florist, and other woman's circles is that of gar- participants, "assistants" or The Harvest Perspective – John dening. While its inception is "helpers." 4:27-38. seasonable at this time of year, it readily lends itself to the Current events, when used, Help Wanted-Matt. 9:35-38. whole round of the calendar, will be rendered more attractive Lessons from the Lilies – Matt. and may be arranged to cover a by being designated seedlings, 6 :25-34. study book, an intensive consid- an autumn salad (typed and Combatting Garden Pests – Gen. eration of some special field, or pasted on crepe paper lettuce 4:9; I Tim. 4:12; Eccl. 9:10. a sequential list of general top- leaves and passed around among The Secret of Successful Gardening ics. The outline herewith given the audience to be read), a bou- -John 15:1-6; I Cor. 9. is a composite of several excel- quet of forget-me-nots (slips of Nature's Law of Sowing and Reaplent contributions for this de- paper containing t e r s e news ing-Gal. 6:7-10; II Cor. 9:6. partment, hence no individual items tied to tiny artificial for- The Probl~m of the Weeds-Matt. trademarks can be noted. get-me-nots and given out to be 13 :14-30. read, as above), June rosebuds Increasing the Yield-John 15 :1-8. At the beginning, commandeer (items en c los e d in artificial a number of illustrated seed cat- buds), field flowers, May baskets Many appropriate songs will alogues and from their attrac- (items passed around in lovely suggest the m s e Iv e s, among tively colored pictures of fruits, decorated baskets), April show- which are "Thank God for a Garden," "I Know a Garden," "In the Garden," "Bringing in the Sheaves," "What Shall the Harvest Be?", "Sowing Seeds of Kindness," etc.

[297 ]

The following list contains a Current Events under caption TO PROMOTE THE CAUSE OF variety of program topics from "Sample See d Packets," the which the committee may select items being enclosed in tiny en- TEMPERANCE its own sequence, after which it velopes with floral or vegetable decoration on 0 u t sid e, and By MRS. Lucy E. VAN KIRK is an easy matter to sub-divide passed out for a group of women the themes and fit in suitable to read distinctly. Select items Editor and Business Manager of meditations and current events: about missionary publications if The Ohio Messenger possible. We Study the Seed Catalogue. "Our missionary Gospel today The program may be in the has its message as of old for Preparing the Soil (pioneer efforts form of a synthetic catalogue, every life, but also and increas- its back of green paper with gay ingly for all of life. What is in various fields, or a study of the taking place in America today is cut-outs for decoration and the not something apart from our initial efforts of any given mission- words, "Missionary Seed Cata- missionary task, but something logue for 1932" in plain view of that is woven into its very fabary). the audience. Inside pages may ric. Industry, commerce, poli- feature the different items of tics are not apart from missions, Home and Imported Products (a the lit era t u representation, but something that is woven into bright pictures cut from actual its very fabric. We must evan- Home and a Foreign theme, under the catalogues possibly being used. gelize these asp e c t s of life, This catalogue may be placed on bringing them into h arm 0 n y titles "Oriental" and "Occidental"). an easel and the pages turned by with the teachings of Christ. the leader as the meeting pro- . . . In our protest against con- Our Neighbors' Gardens (studies of gresses. The items would be ventions that hamper and regu- specific to the organization using lations that go to extremes, we Canadian, Mexican or West Indian the program, but might include: run the risk of losing sight of the eternal fact that all life is missions). 1. Hymn, "He That Goeth Forth with guided by law. The widespread Weeping." violation of the prohibition law Community Gardening (local social and the condoning of such VIOla- 2. Head Gardener's Introduction- tion by those in high places of service studies, or a guest-day meet- the first need is for seeds, new, social and political influence is a certified, free from weeds, and of striking example." ing with similar organizations of specific kinds inclusive of the other churches). . Word of God and other informa- -"The Challenge of Change." tive material in harmony there- The Nursery (study of work of with. As we all know, there is a movement on foot at the present juvenile missionary organizations, or 3. Talk: The Hardy Perennials- time to break down law enforce- new mission study books. ment and nullify those laws that of kindergarten and primary work on do not coincide with the views of 4. The Annual Fruits – crisp sum- certain individuals and interests. home or foreign fields). maries of other books inclusive of This, if successful, would bring those in Competitive Reading Con- chaos through disregard for all The Garden of Herbs (medical mis- test. law. Every Christian should be alert and actively engaged in sions) . 5. Song, "Thank God for a Garden." studying out an intelligent plan 6. The Salad Vegetables-new leaf- to promote respect for law in The Garden of Books (presentation general, and in particular to pre- lets and pamphlets refreshing to vent bringing liquor into our of study books or competitive reading jaded appetites and of tonic value. midst through bootleggers and volumes) . 7. The Monthly Roses – missionary other means. What can we as periodicals, stressing THE REVIEW missionary leaders do? Patriotic Gardening-a study in as the hardiest one, not specific to The great need is for educa- Red, White and Blue (summer meet- individual denominational gardens tion to meet the propaganda of but adapting itself perfectly to those who would modify or nulin?, on Civics). every soil and climate the world lify the existing laws on the over, hence indispensable in every question. "Youth," says a recent The Harvest Home (autumn meet- garden. writer, "is the prey of the edu- cators of intemperance-those ing on results on mission fields). Meditation: The Parable of the who would destroy rather than Wheat and Tares, Matt. 13 :24-30, build character. The leaders of Garden Information (reports of showing need of great care in se- tomorrow should be given every lection of proper seed if we would opportunity to know the highest conventions, etc.). have the maximum harvest. ideals and enrich their own lives S. Sample Seed Packets. To avoid with them." In the Garden of the King (Christ- an unduly long program, it may be better to distribute these to all mas meeting, with possible program at the close, to be taken home, read with mind in receptive mood. on "Following Christmas around the planted in the heart and nurtured with prayer. Flowers of love and World," viz., giving accounts of cele- service are then due to blossom. (Envelopes may contain either brations on various mission fields). leaflet literature or carefully se- lected clippings from THE REVIEW, A Garden Party (summer meeting the selections being typed if one wishes to avoid destroying the out of doors). magazine.) An Indian (Of African. etc.) Gar- den (study of a specific field).

How Does Your Garden Grow? (re- port of denominational progress).

A Garden Magazine (presentation of any given number of The Review.

in its various features and departments) .

A SAMPLE GARDEN PROGRAM Invitations, on apple – g r e e n bristol board tied with dark green cord: A garden you will want this year, And now the time is drawing near When you will want some tested seeds- These every careful gardener needs, Unless you'd raise a crop of weeds Within a garden drear.

Poster featuring seed packets -sketched and named, or actually tied to the bristol board, with invitation, time and place of meeting inscribed.

EFFECTIVE WAYS OF WORKING

Plan for short, pithy talks in See that the program commit- than are the money-ralsmg methods such as fairs, suppers, etc" for profit. the Sunday School. tee in the Woman's Missionary Start a pledge-signing cam- Society makes a place for down- 6. Resolved, that the stewardship of time is of greater importance to paign, using something like this: to-date consideration of the sub- the furtherance of the Christian en- "I hereby declare my purpose to ject each year, or has temper- terprise than the stewardship of money. abstain from alcoholic liquor as ance news items introduced into 7, Resolved, that Home Missions a beverage." the regular programs.* has been helped more than hindered Ask your pastor to preach a Have a con t est or debate by the moneyed interests of America. rousing temperance sermon among the young people with from time to time, and give his either prizes or announced deci- Topics for Discussion: efforts such support as shall sions at the close. hearten him to do his utmost. 1. Is our community a friendly Hold poster contests. Educa- place for the representatives of The Women's Home Mission- tional posters catch the eye and various nationalities that live here? ary Society of the Methodist hold the attention better than Church recently offered three words. 2. How would people of other money prizes to Queen Esther races and nationalities be likely to answer that? Circles for the three best post- 3, Do all representatives of other races in our community have a fair DISCUSSIONS AND DEBATES chance for econo;mic progress?

ers submitted under certain con- One of the most profitable 4. Are there church opportunities test rules, the sub j e c t being ways in which to bring a dy- for people of all races in this com- namic· subject before an audi- munity, either in separate churches or "Why Should United States Cit- ence is through the medium of through hospitable attitudes that welizens Be Total Abstainers from a debate or pro and con discus- come all sorts of people in one Alcoholic Beverages?" L a r g e sion. The slight element of church? prizes would be likely to attract competition whets the appetites real artists, so the offering of of the hearers, who unconscious- 5. In what ways am I interpreting ly align themselves now with Christianity to the foreigners whom smaller ones brings in the ama- one side and now with the other, I know? teurs who most need the temper- while the effect upon the conance education. testants themselves is self-evi- 6. Is the Woman's Movement in dent. Care should be exercised India a bane or a boon? Use to the limit the loophole in the statement of the topic, offered in the public schools by however, as it is of questionable 7, Has Christianity played any the law for Scientific Temper- ethical v:alue to lead a speaker part in that awakening? ance Instruction. Often your to argue against his ideals. minister or some other qualified 8. What is likely to happen to person will be allowed to address A request which came not civilization if this new movement is the pupils on the subject. long since to THE REVIEW re- not christianized? garding questions for debate Utilize your citizenship privi- leads us to submit the following, 9. Why should we support colleges leges to the limit. Elect men to with earnest recommendation in the Orient which are run mainly office who really believe in law that the method be utilized in by Orientals? enforcement, then stand back of all adult departments of church these officers and hold up their life: 10. What are modern college stuhands as they endeavor to be dents in China doing for their own true to their oath of office. Com- country? mend them heartily for the brave, loyal things they do. We If questions like the above are are all too ready to criticize. to be thrown open for general discussion, it is well to prime The Fourth General Council 1. Res'olved, that David Living- sever:al people beforehand to of the United Church of Canada stone made a greater contribution to lead out in the arguments or has expressed itself as follows: progress in Africa than Cecil Rhodes. topics.

2. Resolved, that evangelism is PROGRAM SEEDLINGS "The Play Hour Series" is a publication suggesting games, stories and refreshments to be used in connection with pro- Inasmuch as the (liquor) traffic is more important in the foreign field grams from a large variety of now attacking the home in a new and than education. foreign lands. (Presbyterian subtle way, we heartily endorse the Board of Foreign Missions, 156 proposal of the Board, in cooperation 3. Resolved, that the missionary Fifth Ave., New York. Price has helped the progress of humanity with the Woman's Missionary Society, more than has the non-Christian ex- 10 cents.) plorer. At the annual meeting of the to promote a campaign to secure the definite exclusion of alcoholic bever- 4. Resolved, that the missionary is Chicago Presbyterial last April, ages from the homes of our people, a greater asset for world peace than a fine pictorial presentation of and recommend that all ;ministers, of- armaments. the officers for the coming year ficials, members and adherents of the was arranged. A wide frame United Church be urged to give the Ii. Resolved, that the faithful prac- was constructed behind an easimovement their heartiest cooperation tice of the stewardship of money on the part of church members is a ;more and support. profitable method of financing the Church and its world-wide enterprise Similarly w i I I you not en- * Denominations having a Temperance Divi- ly drawn curtain on the platdeavor to line up your church, sion in their national organization may obtain – form. A woman was seated near literature on the subject from their own headcommunity, newspapers and quarters. Otherwise it win be furnished at by with an album on her lap as- schools to render ours truly a cost by the National Publishing House of the suming to show to a new, young "dry" nation? Woman's Christian Temperance Union. Evans- member of the society pictures ton, Illinois.

of its officers. These latter were the December meeting, a candle ter spirit and enlisted a greater arranged in groups of three or was lighted on the Christmas number for the presentations. five as tableaux within the tree for each dollar received. It frame and remained motionless is remarkable how the setting of An inscription on a year book while the demonstrator cleverly a picturesque goal like that will recently inspected was as fol- spur to added activity. lows: "'Nited' does not spell described them, not even ven- 'united' without 'u' in it. 'Sccess' turing a smile at some of her Another "Manly Missionary does not spell 'success' without facetious remarks. Then when Meeting" is reported as most 'u' in it. 'Chrch' does not spell the curtain was closed again, successful. First there was a 'church' without 'u' in it." another page of the album was song-fest by "the vocal men"; turned to afford opportunity for then a salvo of twelve guns by As an intermediate step in the the posing of a new group. "the minute men" (presumably welding of the world fields so as brief missionary t a I k s 0 r to do away with the invidious A Mother-and-Child meeting items) ; a quartette by "the male concept of "home" and "forlends itself to the effective pres- men"; an address, The Bible a eign," Mrs. W. J. Armstrong, of entation of certain subject mat- Missionary Book, by "the flower Cambridge, Mass., writes: "It ter, either home or foreign. Any man"; another address, Jonah is my idea to try to have news person not having a little child Whaled into a Foreign Missionor grandchild may borrow one ary, by "a lawyer man"; an in- from all our fields at each meetfor the occasion, this being her strumental solo by "a music ing instead of the usual one of ticket of admission. man"; a short address, Christ a giving exclusively home or for- Foreign Missionary, by "a Bible eign information. I hoped in One missionary society took School man"; and The Bible a this way to try to hold the world up its collection in a milk bot- Missionary Story, by "a car- as the field before our people. tle, asking each one in the audi- penter man." That would sure- Naturally a missionary talks ence to place with it the price ly bring out the male member- about her own place of service of one day's luncheon. ship of the church to at least one most; but our speakers have missionary meeting. Let us look been asked, wherever possible, The history of our great mis- forward to the day when there to indicate how their work is sionary hymns is being present- need be no gender for the term, typical of other fields. We have ed in a five-minute interval at "missionary meeting." had a resume (by one of the each successive meeting during program committee speaking the whole year, by a resourceful *** woman's society. before the address) of the most A Tacoma woman's society vital statistics and conditions of *** reports that at the meeting pre- the phase of the work of the vious to the preparation of a A "Manly Missionary Meet- new year book, the chairmen of presentation to follow." ing" is held once a year by the the seven circles into which the woman's society in the First organization was divided were *** Baptist Church at Battle Creek, called to the front and allowed Michigan, the mayor presiding, to draw from a like number of "A Reception for the Newa topic of general civic interest slips of paper the president held being discussed and the public in her hand one slip each, not comers" is an annual event in generally invited. having seen what was written one progressive organization. on the reverse of the slips. Each At the First Baptist Church such inscription specified the At each annual meeting for the in Washington, D. C., the wom- date on which that circle was to election of officers, newcomers an's year book bore the follow- sponsor a program meeting, the during the past year were espeing inscription: "Our aim for color of the paper indicating the cially invited to be present, a 1931: (1) Every woman know- nationality to be studied-yel- note with R.S.V.P. attached ing, praying, giving. (2) Every low for the Japanese or Chinese, having been sent. Each new woman reading at least three brown for the Hindus, etc. At woman as she entered the room missionary books this year. (3) its next meeting each circle de- was given a flower and a card Some missionary magazine in cided what field included in its with her name written on it. At the home of each member. (4) assignment it would study, also the close of the service, after the Every member of the society chose its topic and a program officers had been duly elected, participating in White Cross leader. These decisions were work (missionary sewing, etc., handed to the president by a the newcomers were invited to for hospital or other field certain date so as to be incorpo- the front to stand in line with needs) . (5) Everyone con- rated in the year book. This the officers for an informal retributing regularly to mission- plan has developed more free- ception. Many expressed their ary funds. (6) Enlistment of dom and initiative among the appreciation of this opportunity new members. (7) Everyone women, also given them a bet- to meet so many members of the studying the Bible. It would be church. Why not do this at the interesting to know how nearly first autumn meeting of your or- that aim was attained. ganization and accomplish the When the mite boxes of a cer- double purpose of introducing the newcomers to the membertain circle were brought in at ship and to the work of the so- ciety, giving a sample copy of THE REVIEW as a souvenir?

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Women"s Home and Foreign Bulletin ANNE SEESHOLTZ, 105 EAST TWENTy-SECOND STREET, NEW YORK; COUNCIL OF WOMEN FOR HOME MISSIONS FLORENCE G. TYLER, 419 FOURTH AVENUE, NEW YORK; FEDERATION OF WOMAN'S BOARDS OF FOREIGN MISSIONS OF NORTH AMERICA "Under Heaven, One Family"

Among the New Books To Aid in Understanding CHINA and THE AMERICAN INDIAN FACING THE FUTURE IN large groups and furnishes a WORKING FOR A NEW wealth of background material. INDIAN MISSIONS At the close of that chapter he CHINA says: "The task of the Chris- Part 1. A Social Outlook on Indian tian missionary who would serve Lady Fourth Daughter of China. By Missions. By Lewis Meriam. Part the American Indians is vastly Mary Brewster Hollister. Pub. by II. The Church and the Indian. By more difficult today than it has Central Committee on the United George W. Hinman. Pub. by Mis- been in the past, although not Study of Foreign Missions. Cloth, sionary Education Movement and involving as much danger and 75 cents; paper, 50 cents. Council of Women for Home Mis- hardship. The Indian life of sions. Cloth, $1.00; paper, 60 cents. earlier days was relatively sim- "Lady Fourth Daughter of ple and primitive. The things China" first attracts the reader Part I enables us to see the missionaries had to do then were by its cover. On a yellow backsituation among American In- simple compared with the com- ground I Lai Cho, one of China's dians through the eyes of a re- plexities they face today and young artists, has drawn a search specialist who faces facts will face increasingly in the fu- graceful spray of lan-hwa, the very frankly yet is thoroughly tureas the Indians seek to find western epidendrum. On opensympathetic with these people. their place in our modern civi- ing the pages one has one's curi- Dr. Meriam recently made a sur- lization. In the days of the pio- osity excited by an artistic map vey at the request of the Indian neer. missionary the challenge of the twenty-eight provinces, office and was the chief editor of was to work for the Indian while enticing Oriental faces the report of that survey which people. T 0 day the challenge, peep out of every chapter. The is one of the most important doc- even greater and more difficult book's whole makeup clamors, uments of many years on "The "Read me." Problem of Indian Administra- (Continued on page 302) tion." "The touch of His Hand is the [ 301 ] breath of Spring." With these In the first chapter, Dr. Mer- (Contir:.ued on page 302) iam divides the Indians into five

FACING THE FUTURE IN gestions of things which local Living Issues in China. By Henry T. Hodgkin. Pub. by Missionary Edu- INDIAN MISSIONS- church groups may do for In- cation Movement. Cloth, $1.00; pa- dians near at hand and methods per, 60 cents. Continued of helping those on the reserva- tions by assisting in the sale of This is the sort of book one and therefore more stimulating, articles made by them. There is might expect from a secretary throughout a distinct emphasis of the National Christian Counis to work with them." on the value of Indian arts and cil of China. It is not a recital crafts and the earnest desire of missionary successes to per- Following this comes a dis- that all of the best things of suade the American c h u r c h their culture be preserved. member that missionary work is cussion of "The Need for Mu- worthwhile after all. It is a sur- -MAY HUSTON vey of the situation in the large, tual Understanding" with chap- a facing of the most urgent WORKING FOR A NEW problems of the Kingdom of God ters on Health and Education, in China. It treats in turn cre- CHINA-Continued ating a new state system, edu- Making a Living, Family and cating the vast Chinese popula- words Mary Brewster Hollister tion, reconstructing social life, Community Life, showing ways ends her introduction to this providing adequate economic year's mission study book. His support, r a i sin g the physical by which the Government forces Hand must indeed have touched standard, securing right inter- the author for the breath of national relationships, comparand the missionaries may co- Spring blows through all her ing Chinese religions and Chris- writing. tianity, promoting the growth operate. The very fact that the of the Christian Church. Mrs. Hollister was born in new administration of Indian China and "We could almost say It is simply assumed that the she was a missionary in China Christian Church of the West is Affairs in the Government has from birth until two years ago." responsible for understanding She brings to her work the best these issues and helping to meet recently brought into the service touchstone for any book-the them. Therefore the difficulties love of her subject. are frankly considered, together so many men and women of out- with matters open to difference The author's theme is Chinese of opinion. The person who standing ability, indicates a new women and their part in the cre- wants to know nothing more ative, constructive work that is about missions than how much day for the American Indian. going on in China in spite of good a dollar will do, will nat- war and famine. Fortunately, urally be disappointed in this These. appointments have been "L a d y Fourth Daughter of book. Those who wish to get a China" is not a mere text book view of the situation as seen by because of experience and train- but has in it a fine store of in- a broadminded, progressive mis- formation for leaders and speak- sionary leader who has served ing and their ability to under- ers on Chinese subjects. With as a missionary on the field, a rare skill the writer has used ex- board secretary in Great Bristand and apply the science of quisite illustrations from Chi- tain, and a head of the National nese literature, history and, Christian Council of China, will human relationships. above all, the dear women she find it a challenge to thought, has known, so that they are no faith, and effort. In Part II, Dr. Hinman traces longer strangers living in a far country, but our friends and the work of pioneers in the es- neighbors. One of the charming stories in the book is of a poor tablishing of Christian missions among Indians. Realizing the need of better living conditions among these people, they did what they could to alleviate suf- fering, encourage calneadnleisnteasbs~ supply better homes lish schools and c h u r c h e s.

Through the Christian message, many I n d ian families have found joy and peace as well as better homes, cleaner bodies and minds free from superstition, and have become leaders of their own people.

Now that the Government has begun to meet the physical and educational needs more ade- quately and is offering a chance for religious education training III the schools, the missionary has a better opportunity for old Chinese woman left desolate The strength of the book is in spiritual work than ever before. in her old age. its breadth and balance of treat- The cooperation of denomina- "But aren't you ever lonely or ment and the fundamental chartions in placing religious educa- afraid?" she was asked by Mrs. acter of the problems dealt with, tion directors in a number of Hollister. rather than in wealth of illustra- government schools is welcomed "Gold and jewel s," she tion or impressionistic style. In and is offering a training great- crooned to the inquirer, a radi- connection with each topic the ly needed by the students. Nu- ant certainty in her face, "Jesus' liabilities as well as the assets merous illustrations of the influ- people are never lonely or afraid. are frankly considered, together ence and helpfulness of mission- . God makes company with us." with practical suggestions for aries of the various denomina- Whoever t a k e s up "Lady Christian cooperation. tional boards are given showing Fourth Daughter of China" will There is a good bibliography. that the Indian field has many find that "God keeps company For those who use the book in hopeful and rewarding features. with them" every step of the discussion groups a leader's The book gives practical sug- way. -GERTRUDE SCHULTZ manual is prepared, suggesting

WOMEN'S HOME AND FOREIGN BULLETIN

methods for groups willing to race as a whole as it exists to- realize that they and young Chiwork and also for those from day, in our midst yet at the same nese Christians are facing towhom little outside preparation time anomalously sidetracked or gether the same essential prob- inconsequently trailing behind. lems of life in the modern world can be expected. Our responsibility tow a r d and sharing the same aspira- -T. H. P. SAILER them, how to understand them tions. It is one of those books- AN EXPRESSION OF YOUNG and the i r peculiar problems, of which, happily, there is an in- their native aesthetic and spirit- creasing n u m b e r nowadays- INDIANS ual gifts and the contribution that will make its young readers Indian Americans. By Winifred Hul- these can be to us, this book say, not, "How strange the y bert. Pub. by Missionary Education shows in a way to stir us all to are!" or "What queer customs Movement and Council of Women for Home Missions. Cloth, $1.00; appropriate attitude and action. they have!" but "They are meet- paper, 60 cents. If we overlook the Indians or re- ing the sam e difficulties we Here is a book that removes gard them as a subject suffi- meet" or "They are asking the from the realm of the taken-for- ciently well taken care of, we ig- same questions we ask." It is a granted while only half under- nore a whole area of interest at book for youth by youth. Each stood and largely neglected, a our door. "Indian Americans" of its seven chapters is written subject which has long burned gives us the key to understand- by an outstanding Chi n e s e for due attention and apprecia- ing and cooperation. Christian who is especially qual- tion, that of the aboriginal na- -OLIVE RICHARDS ified by training and experience tives of our country, the "red to handle the particular theme men," the American Indians, or, CHINESE YOUTH ON ITS assigned him. The general edi- tor, Dr. William Hung, is Proas the author fitly terms them, WAY TO LEADERSHIP fessor of History at Yenching Indian Americans. Too Ion g Ling Yang. By Ethel T. Thompson. University, Peiping, and has have these our first fellow coun- Pub. by Central Committee on the trymen been looked upon by United Study of Foreign Missions. lived in America, not only as a most of us as a picturesque fea- Board, $1.00; paper, 50 cents. student but also as exchange ture of the land, subdued and A fascinating story of a boy professor at Harvard. harmless but alien to ourselves of new China and his sister. The In an introductory chapter and properly placed in schools story begins with a dragon race that summarizes skilfully the and reservations of their own. and moves on into the exciting present trends in China and ex- Or else we have accepted them life of a boy and girl in New plains the plan of the book, he as one with ourselves, an assimi- China. says: lated citizenry h a v i n g equal Some of the 0 u t s tan din g "The several chapters of this rights and privileges and so to events are: a school athletic book represent an attempt to debe dis m iss e d from further meet; a trip up the river by junk scribe certain important phases thought. and wheelbarrow; encounter of this chaotic life (of China to- Winifred Hulbert, the author with bandits and rescue; first day) and to indicate the direcof the present boo k, after contact with the Jesus-people; tions which the struggle in months of travel and association the coming of the missionary thought is taking. Outside of a m 0 n g them and those who doctor into Ling Yang's home; China there are also young peoknow them best, with intensive the opening of the new hospital; ple who dream the dreams that critical and sympathetic study the dragon parade. challenge reality. The y may of them, presents them in a new The story closes with Ling wonder how their fellow-dreamlight so striking in its interest Yang starting off to prepare to ers are faring in China. . . . and challenge that it addresses take his place in training for We have picked out six major itself to all of us who wish to be "New China." "I wonder how social relationships in the life of reasonably right in our thinking well I can learn to live and teach China's young men and young concerning them. Intended spe- the Christian way. No other women-the family, the school, cifically for young people, the way is good enough for New the vocation, the nation, the book undertakes to interpret the China." world, and religion-and have race in its present-day status The book has been illustrated tried to tell how in each of them from the point of view of the by a young Chinese artist, who the old and new forces and ideas young Indians, their ambitions, has also drawn the very attrac- are in conflict." their problems, their possibili- tive cover design of the dragon The distinguished aut h 0 r s ties, but involved as they neces- race. whose chapters Dr. Hung has sarily are with the difficulties -GERTRUDE SCHULTZ thus brought together have been and disadvantages of their racial As It Looks to Young China. Edited extraordinarily successful in heritage and tradition on the by William Hung. Pub. by Mis- presenting their respective sub- one side, and on the other side sionary Education Movement. Cloth, – jects vividly and con c ret ely their relations with a dominant $1.00; paper, 60 cents. through the stories of individ- race, our own. It succeeds in Here is a book that will help uals and through illustrations giving a telling picture of the young American Christians to drawn from personal experi-

ence. The result is a book that Three Arrows: The Young Buffalo primary children the attractive is unusually effective not only Hunter. By E. Ryerson Young. Pub. little volume, "Chinese Children for study but also for general by Missionary Education Movement of Woodcutters' Lane" by Prisreading. The closing appeal to and Council of Women for Home cilla Holton, which contains the American Christian youth to en- Missions. Cloth, $1.00; paper, 75 adventures of a little Chinese ter into deeper fellowship with cents. girl and her small brother. And their Chinese Christian brethren the course for Juniors will not and to work with them in the For years we have been clam- be complete without rea din g great future tasks of the King- oring for a good home mission "Ling Yang." dom of God in China forms one book of the adventure type to apof the most stirring messages peal to boys. "Three Arrows: A "Picture Map" of China that has come out of China in The Young Buffalo Hunter," ex- filled with interesting symbols recent years. actly fills the bill. I tried it on and pictures together with the one boy who became so interest- "Teaching Pictures on China," For leaders of young people's ed that extreme pressure was "Chinese Snap Shots" (picture groups a course on China, based necessary to persuade him to sheet) and "Paper Dolls" will primarily upon the material pre- quit reading and go to bed and prove valuable source material sented in the above book, has when his father arose the next for all teachers. been prepared by Miss Ruth Isa- morning he found the son awake bel Seabury. It is entitled, "In- ahead of him and rea din g, Many Moons Ago and Now. By Kathtroducing Young China." Price, "Three Arrows" in bed. It is a arine Gladfelter. Children of the 50 cents. tale of Indian missions in the Great Spirit. By Florence C. Means early days with enough thrills to and Frances Somers Riggs. Pub. -FRANKLIN D. COGSWELL satisfy the most avid reader of by Missionary Education Movement wild adventures. and Council of Women for Home FOR BOYS AND GIRLS Missions. Cloth, $1.00; paper, 75 Manuals. cents.

The Young Revolutionist. By Pearl For the leaders of intermedi- Indians never fail to be an in- S. Buck. Pub. by Missionary Edu- ate groups there will be two ex- teresting topic of study and in- cation Movement. Cloth, $1.50; pa- cellent manuals, "Youth and vestigation to children. Two per, 75 cents. Revolution in China" by Alfred helpful course books have been D. Heininger, formerly a mis- prepared for leaders of children, Intermediates are particularly sionary in China, and "Friend- "Many Moons Ago and Now" fortunate this year because two ship Fires" by Winifred Hul- for Juniors, deals with three of the most interesting mission- bert, author of "Indian Ameri- main divisions of Indian life in ary books ever to be published cans." These are to be used in are provided for their use. As connection with the two reading the United States-e a s t ern far as I can remember we have books mentioned above. woodlands, pIa ins, and the never before had any kind of Southwest. This book contains missionary book written by the -GILBERT Q. LESOURD suggested procedures together most popular author of the day. with source materials, sugges- This year we have it in "The New Joy. By Carolyn Sewall and Young Revolutionist" by Mrs. Charlotte Chambers Jones. Off to tions for worship, manual work, Pearl S. Buck, whose novel, China. By Helen Furman Sweet service enterprises and other ac- "The Good Earth," has been a and Mabel Garrett Wagner. Pub. tivities. The material is so arbest seller for over an entire by Missionary Education Movement. ranged that the leader may use year. No other novel has had Cloth, $1.00; paper, 75 cents. it in its entirety or any portion such a record for many years. With China claiming so much of it which she may desire. "The Young Revolutionist" is attention in the headlines of our "Children of the Great Spirit" a great book, just as well writ- newspapers these days, leaders ten as the author's larger vol- will especially weI com e the for Primaries deals with seven umes and equally compelling in timely appearance of stu d y different Indian tribes – Iroits interest. It is a tale of mod- books and story books on this quois, Sioux, Seminole, Hopi, ern Chinese youth torn by the great country. "New Joy" and Navajo, Mono, Tlingit. The instrife between the old and the "Off to China" are the study new, aflame with patriotism, books for Junior and Primary troduction and each of the seven blindly devoted to ideals only g r 0 ups, respectively. These chapters are full of valuable half understood, groping hun- books give suggested procedures suggestions, source materials grily for a religious faith and and source materials and are eagerly helping to build a new rich in suggestions for worship, and activities. As an aid in China. Adults will like it as manual work, service enter- teaching the course, leaders will well as intermediates and all prises and other activities. The wish to secure the "Teaching who read it will gain a new un- stories in each book were writ- Pictures on the American Inderstanding of Chinese youth ten in China and are colorful dian," "North American Inand an appreciation of the value and interesting. To accompany dians" (picture sheet), "Indians of Christian missions. the course book the leader will of the Sou t h w est" (picture wish to put in the hands of her sheet), "Picture Map of North America" with special "Ameri- can Indian Insert Sheet."

-HAZEL V. ORTON

* .Ca

Our W orld;vvide Outlook A Missionary N.ewspaper of Current Events -.." WI'

JAPAN-CHOSEN The villagers desired to buy it in cooperated with religious teach- but could not raise the money., ers in making the curricula of T,he Antidote to Materialism They consulted together and value.

The Japanese minister of edu- finally decided to sell the girls of The Kingdom of God program cation has addressed a commun- the village, 57 of their own ication to the Christian mission- daughters, into the vice system is also establishing Gospel night aries in w hie h he declares: schools in Tokyo and other "Hitherto the policy of our min- in order to secure the desired cities. One visited recently had istry has been too materialistic, enrolled 168 men and women of and this had led to the regretta- land. This is almost unthink- twenty different professions for ble result of a decline in public able in 20th Century Japan, and and private morality, a revival the pity of it is that there has three nights a week for three of communism, and even in the months. The course of study inlast few years of a pronounced been no public outcry about the cluded the following subjects: matter. This shows that public The life of Christ, Old and New opinion is still asleep on this Testament studies, theology, the matter.

anarchistic spirit.. We must In October thirteen girls in relation of science and religion, from now onward spiritualize the Matsushima licensed quarter sociology and social service, muour educational system. For in Osaka went on hunger strike, tual aid and cooperation, com- this purpose the cooperation of demanding more humane treat- parative religions, church pol- religious educational institu·· ment. They appealed to the icy, Sunday school methods, tions seems to us absolutely nec- Osaka Branch of the Proletariat methods of evangelism, music essary, and we consequently Woman's Association and filed and the fine arts of religion, etc. make an urgent appeal for your their requests for freedom from help." this degrading life. Against the Child Recognizes the God-Like Mild Inoculation spirit of the times the Osaka police refused and sent them "In Osaka, at the Tennoji '·Some in America," says Miss back to their owners. Edith Curtis of Osaka, "believe Kindergarten, a lit tie g i r I honestly that offering Christian- One keeper in Osaka died in whose mother had a violent temity to other peoples is an in- November and, by his will, freed per said to her on returning fringement of their racial and from kindergarten, 'Mother, you the seven inmates of his house national rights. I wonder," she cancelling the Y7000 which they are not God. Father is not God. adds, "if they realize what other still owed him. But my teacher is just the same religions have done, or have not as God. At home, when I am done, for people and how by de- All-Japan Christian Conference naughty, you scold me, and even strike me, but teacher only grees non-Christians are seeing the peace and joy that comes in- An all-Japan Christian con- smiles and puts her arm around ference is to be held in the au- me, and that makes me want to to the lives of those who know tumn of 1932 to re-appraise the be good.' Another child in the Jesus Christ." "Is America in- situation which the Christian oculated so thoroughly," as E. churches are facing in the Em- same kindergarten was in the pire, and also to formulate a Stanley Jones says, "with a mild follow-up program when the habit of wearing a c h arm form of Christianity that the present three year campaign of around her neck, as many Japreal thing won't take 7" Some the Kingdom of God Movement anese children do, to protect her comes to a close in December, of the missionaries fear the in- 1932. from sickness or evil spirits. The teacher had been telling the oculation has proceeded danger- story of Moses and the golden ously far. calf, explaining the difference Wholesale Prostitution Reasons for Encouragement between bowing down to images While some girls are being and praying to an unseen God who can really hear our prayers freed from slavery in Japanese More than 50 ,peasant Gospel and answer them. That night brothels others are being fed schools have been successfully when she was undressing she into the system. A distressing conducted during the past year. took off the charm, saying, 'I story comes from Yamagata and a half throughout Japan. don't need to wear this any Prefecture. A block of public Agricultural, social and religi- more. God is going to take care land had been opened for culti~ ous instruction is given in these of me.' "

vation and put on the market. rural schools, and officials have -Genevieve Davis Olds.

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A Christian Dentist School Association, writes the made rapid progress during this Five or six years ago a young Daily Vacation Bible School at period. Three churches – the dentist's ass i s tan t in Kobe, Changsyeng began late, expect- United Brethren, the Congrega- Japan, was baptized in the Kobe ing to continue only one week. tionalist and the Presbyterian- Union Church, established pri- The children were so greatly have gone together to form the marily for the foreign commu- interested that they begged for United Evangelical Church of nity. He was suffering from tu- another week, and the principal the Philippine Islands. The of the day school was asked if it moderator of this new church is b e r cuI 0 sis, but his illness would be possible to defer the a Filipino. The Methodist Episbrought him to God, and then opening of the public school. copal Church has recently ap- God gave him back health. He This the non-Christian principal proved a program outlined by identified himself with a church the resident bishop for a tenand threw himself into its work. of a non-Christian school nat- year development with funds Having become a qualified den- urally declined, but so many of tist, he borrowed money for the pupils enrolled in the Sum- and personnel from abroad, folequipment, opened an office and mer Bible School and "cried so lowed by another ten-year period achieved success. He is now the much" that the teachers decided in which both missionaries and chief financial supporter of his to extend the vacation for one grants-in-aid will be entirely week and the Daily Vacation church, a teacher in the Sunday Bible School resumed its session withdrawn. The Disciples of school, frequently fills the pul- for the second week. Christ, facing serious deficits in pit, and makes a deep spiritual their missionary budget in the impression on all who meet him. -The Presbyterian. United States, have decided to He asked the municipal au- Work Among Chinese in Chosen withdraw almost entirely durthorities for a permit to preach ing the present year. Their mis- With the help and under the on Sunday afternoons in the auspices of the six missions con- sionaries bel i eve that their park, and for years has preached stituting the Federal Council of churches have progressed suffifrom one to four o'clock Sunday ciently to enable them to become afternoons, whenever the weath- Protestant Missions in Korea, entirely indigenous. er and his own health permitted. He has made himself a thorough an executive committee of that -E. K. Higdon. organization has the definite ob- Bible scholar, and incidentally jective of giving the Gospel to Methodists in the Philippines every Chinese in Chosen. The has learned to read his New last census showed 91,466 Chi- A Ten Year Plan for the Phil- Testament in Greek and his Old ippine Islands is proposed by the Testament in Hebrew. His home nese in Chosen, but more recent Methodist Church, comprising a is a gathering place for the evacuations have probably cut program of spiritual progress. young men of the church and The plan provides for the erecneighborhood. the number in half. They in- tion of churches and student clude business men, members of centers in strategic locations; -The Christian Observer. the consular service, mechanics and farmers, scattered so widely for keeping a staff of nine mis- sionary families regularly on The Gospel and Unemployment that much expense is involved for itinerating. Christian Ko- During the past year unem- reans assist in every way pos- the field; also for cooperation ployment has brought distress sible, and prove their interest by with the Presbyterian, Disciples, to some 250,000 in Tokyo. The attending the meetings. Itin- United Brethren, and Congre- Baptist Tabernacle has endeav- gational Missions in securing an ored to demonstrate intelligibly erancies have covered nearly all adequate endowment for the what the Gospel stands for in the towns and villages on and Union Theological Seminary, daily life. With funds supplied near the railway and some of Manila. It is believed that an by both Japanese and foreign- the bus lines, with the result that 1,141 Chinese and 112 Ko- investment of 400,000 pesos ers, tents were erected on the reans have expressed themselves from American friends of the ground of the Fukagawa Chris- as desirous of becoming believ- Philippines would call out gifts tian Center; floors were con- ers, or of knowing more of the from the Filipinos of 1,000,000 structed and stoves provided; Christian religion. pesos during the next ten years.

and from December first until Bishop Lee believes that an May first 6,504 frev lodgings ISLANDS OF THE PACIFIC indigenous, self-supporting and and 13,008 free meals were sup- self-directing Church may be Self-Determination in the plied to the unemployed. One well begun within this period of Philippines thousand t w.o hundred and ten years.

twenty-five different men were. Within the last ten years, two For Lepers at Culion helped. Twice a week special of the outstanding denomina- Gospel meetings were held. tions in the Philippines have The work for lepers in the gone on record officially as fav- Crying for Bible School oring Filipino aspirations for Philippine Archipelago is being political self-determination. The carried on by four agencies: Dr. J. G. Holdcroft, General Filipinization of the church has Secretarr of the Korea Sunday 1. The g 0 vel' n men t as- sumes responsibility for all lep-

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

ers and is endeavoring to seg- sion to prevent or lessen evils God and the Depression gregate them in the leper colony that come from the manufac- A call to prayer sent forth to at Culion. The population there ture, sale and use of intoxicants. Christian p e 0 pIe throughout is approximately 6,000. It is not a question of state Canada and the United States by 2. The Leonard Wood Memo- rights or personal rights and a group of business and profesrial is organized to study leprosy preference any more than is the scientifically, and has at its dis- sional men of Alberta, Canada, posal the sum of $2,000,000, traffic in narcotics and firearms. declares that there is no natural given in the United States. Its It is a question of the protection explanation for the pre sen t purpose is the eradication of leprosy. It is concerned merely of the weak, and the greatest "astounding" world-wide buswith the scientific study of lep- good for the greatest number. iness depression. They assume rosy and its prevention or cure. their share of responsibility and No part of its funds is available To learn facts about prohibition for lepers. and the liquor traffic it will be guilt for the depression in not worthwhile to procure a recent recognizing the existence or 3. The American Mission to copy of the "Quiz Book" from claims of God or His power to help. the Anti-Saloon League, Wester- ville, Ohio. This document has five divi- Lepers supports a missionary in Better Than a Brewery sions : a list of the facts, i.e.

Culion and helps the lepers in unemployment, overproduction, other ways. The owner of a large, now un- universal impotence in finding used, prewery became interested 4. The Philippine Anti-Lep- in the Goodwill Industries that the solution. Then follows the rosy Society was organized a help to furnish employment to few years ago to help the leper needy people of Terre Haute, In- assertion that divine displeasure patients. A careful and thor- diana, and donated the bricks is alone responsible for the situough survey was made two years from his brewery to build a new ation : next, confession that ago and revealed an appalling twenty-five thousand dollar comcondition with regard to former munity house and a three-story business men have conducted aflepers who left the colony and Goodwill industrial plant. The fairs as if profits were their sole tried to rehabilitate themselves. city of Terre Haute paid its un- objective, and have not loved Often they found, after years of employed artisans and laborers their neighbors as themselves; residence in the colony, that all to raze the old structure and that God's existence is not recogtheir family had died or were erect the new community house, nized. A day of prayer and scattered. They were feared, which was dedicated on January fasting is suggested, and finally and unable to obtain work. The the promise to do whatever is necessary to show their repent- ance and their obedience to God.

Anti-Leprosy 'S 0 c i e t y helps 28 by Bishop Edgar Blake of the Canvass Brings Results these discharged patients to find Methodist Episcopal Church. An new footholds. enlarged Goodwill Industries St. Louis church members had plant was also dedicated in Pitts- a revelation in the survey and NORTH AMERICA burgh by Bishop Herbert Welch. visitation evangelistic appeal of 85 white and 26 color e d The Goodwill methods provide churches, directed by Dr. A. Youth and Prohibition work for the handicapped and Earl Kernahan of Washington, While certain forces are agi- unemployed instead of pauper- D. C. Approximately 5,000 tating a repeal of the Prohibi- izing them. Social leaders are awoke to their responsibility, tion Amendment and a poll is urging the development of such and undertook a house-to-house being made to discover public work instead of giving a dole to visitation, with personal appeal sentiment, hundreds of young the unemployed. During the to non-church folk. The survey men and women attended the past four years the Goodwill In- covered 576,125 white persons 25th Biennial Convention of the dustries in sixty cities of the and 41,689 colored. Tabulation Anti-Saloon League held at United States have paid out $5,- of the findings for w hit e Washington, D. C., from the 544,241 in opportunity wages to churches showed 111,791 per- 15th to the 19th of January. In handicapped and unfortunate sons of all ages not attending place of the old slogan, "The people, and $1,902,420 in service Sunday schools, and 72,651 Saloon must go," the new tem- wages-a total of $7,446,661. white persons who have been perance battle cry is, "The Boot- Discarded materials collected members of or prefer Protestant legger must go." The old con- from many sources provided $9,- churches. At the end of the first flict was to take the saloon out 357,294 of the $11,697,060 re- week of personal evangelistic of politics and out of the com- quired to carryon the total appeal, 5,521 persons had given munity; the new fight is to take work. These industries have also their names for church memberbootlegging out of commerce greatly stimulated the morale ship. and the hip flask out of social among the unemployed through· life. Temperance and total ab- daily chapel services, churches of Italian Pastors Answer Pope stinence are personal moral Goodwill, rescue missions, and The Italian ministers of evanquestions; prohibition is a gov- personal work in Goodwill work- gelical faith in New York and vicinity, on January 4, adopted ernmental and patriotic provi- rooms, stores, and homes.

a paper commenting upon the coal regions. The mild winter, conducted in the poorer sections Papal Encyclical, Lux Veritatis, the competition of oil, electricity of the city and these have aided appealing for the return of the and water power have dealt a greatly in the fight against ma- separated Christian bodies to blow to the coal industry. laria. The majority of the staff the Church of Rome. They crit- The great problem lying back is Dominican. icize the Pope's manner of ap- of the immediate emergency is At Cap Haitien proaching the subject of church that of finding some new field of union, and call upon him to labor for these people, who are Rev. A. Groves Wood, Baptist "convene a true Ecumenical largely of American stock. missionary in Haiti, reports a band of about 30 thoroughly con- Council, to which all Christian Indian Mission Fire bodies will be represented and verted believers preparing for freedom of discussion permitted The United Lutheran Mission house at Rocky Boy Indian Mis- baptism in Cap Haitien. Servto all, so as to promote the de- sion, Montana, was completely ices are so well attended that sired reunion of all Christian destroyed on Sunday morning, many have only standing room. March 6th, during the Sunday churches on the fundamental po- school hour. Fortunately no New converts must face persesition of the Bible." cution; three have been turned -Christian Advocate. out of their homes because of Jerry McAuley Cremorne lives were .lost. The building their faith, but in each case a Mission housed industrial work and Christian home has opened to re- products, young people's activi- ceive them. Cap Haitien is re- For fifty continuous years the ties, Missionary Society and part puted to be the hardest town to of the Sunday school. It must win in Haiti. Jerry McAuley Cremorne Mis- be replaced at the earliest date sion, founded by the Apostle to so as not to jeopardize the work Bi-centennial in Virgin Islands the Lost whose name it bears, Special services were held on has been ministering twenty- w h i chis done successfully four hours a day to the spiritual the island of St. Thomas in the and bodily needs of the needy in among 600 Cree and Cherokee week beginning April 1st, in Indians.

the Tenderloin of New York. Move Toward Union commemoration of the 200th Today the electric sign over its anniversary of Moravian mis- door, "Jesus Saves," is working A plan for the union of the sionary work. It was in that through the love of God to trans- Presbyterian Church in the U.S. island that the first missionaries form human derelicts into self- A. and the United Presbyterian of the "United Brethren" as supporting, useful members of Church of North America has they were called, began their society, reuniting families and been completed and will be pre- work. Each congregation of saving souls to bear personal sented at the two general assem- Moravians throughout the world testimony to God's goodness. blies. The plan specifies that in has written a letter to the con- Through its superintendent and the event of union the name of greg.ation in the island of St. his assistants, and through the the church shall be the Presby- Thomas. Moravians have always prayers and financial support of terian Church of America. It planned their work on an interfriends, discouraged and some- looks forward to 1934 as the national scale, and their work is times desperate men have found year for the consummation. an inspiration to other societies. food, shelter, Christian friend- There will be further opporship, and, greater stilI, the saving friendship of Jesus Christ. LATIN AMERICA tunity later in the year for Mo- ravians in other countries to The Mission's fiftieth anni- Health Work in Santo Domingo celebrate wit h thanksgiving versary was celebrated March 6- 17 with appropriate services The new building of the Hos- these 200 years, but it is fitting each night. pital Internacional was opened that the first notes of thanksgiv- in Santo Domingo on February ing should be heard from the Save the Children 16th. The president, Mrs. M. island of St. Thomas. An organization known as the Katharine Bennett, officially rep- resented the Board for Christian Newspaper Evangelism in Brazil International Save the Children Work in Santo Domingo, under In the effort to spread the Fund has been organized, with whose auspices the hospital is Gospel over a large area in headquarters at 156 Fifth Ave., operated. The ceremony was at- Brazil and to enter doors closed New York. Its object is the tended by high officials of the na- to evangelical workers, it is care of children in the stricken tional and city government, and planned to pub lis h a little mining districts of America and . was an outstanding event in the monthly paper called Light and to help secure funds for work life of the city. This institution Life. It will be advertised in among children in other lands. is recognized as the leader in its the Bahia dailies that this paper At present the Fund is endeav- field and maintains the only will be sent free to anyone for a oring to provide clothing and training school for nurses in the period of six months. Some of medical aid for at least 20,000 republic and the only baby the fields are so large that the destitute children in Kentucky clinic. Regular clinics have been missionaries can only visit some

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

points once a year. Light and Mennonite Central Committee school in Valparaiso. Some of Life will be sent to these isolat- will superintend the coloniza- the teachers have been educated ed places in an endeavor to con- tion. in mission schools and never serve the gains and awaken in- have received the State certifiterest in the Gospel during the For most of the refugees, the cates. However, two have gone absence of the missionary. arrival at Paraguay will mark to Normal School to continue the end of a long trek from the their studies, and missionaries A mother and daughter are Volga River, into Manchuria, in are receiving encouraging renow attending the Bahia Church constant fear of recapture by ports. The two young women as a result of newspaper evan- Soviet patrols. Various relief and a third, who was once a stugelism. There are many in Bra- agencies have been providing dent at the Central Escuela Popzil hungering for the Bread of food and shelter until arrange- ular, have been called shining Life. Newspaper evangelism ments for permanent settlement sparks. By their honesty and seeks out those searching for the elsewhere could be made. The unselfishness they have succeedtruth and brings them into con- Lutheran contingent will prob- ed in interesting others in Christact with Christ. ably be sent to Brazil, though tianity. The girls con d u c t some hope of permission to enter prayer meetings in their room, Single-Handed Evangelization Australia is still held by the and many students assemble to American Lutheran authorities. listen. Dr. Tucker of the American Smaller groups belonging to Bible Society's Agency in Brazil other denominations will throw Bible Burning in Bolivia tells of a Gospel work carried in their lot with either the Menon for 30 years· by a man from nonites or the Lutherans. Mr. Charles H. Larson, mis- Toronto, Mr. Perrin Smith. -The Christian Intelligencer. sionary of the Bolivian Indian Without help from any church Mission, writes: or society and, realizing what New Interest in Peru property he possessed, set out "Last November brought two alone to the heart of the state of The Rev. Harry Strachan, missionary priests to Capinota Maranhao. Soon he was engaged passing over Peru with the help to hold a mission and to prepare in an intensive evangelization of of an aeroplane, has brought the way for the bishop, who a great area calling for long and such a message from God that came a week later. arduous journeys on horseback Christian sowers and reapers over difficult and little known have been able to rejoice to- "The priests told the people trails. Everywhere the message gether. Dr. Montano, of Lima, t hat Protestant missionaries was given-in farmsteads, vil- tells how the meetings conducted were the most immoral and imlages and towns, and nearly al- by Mr. Strachan produced the becile of folks, and that all who ways in the open air, as still is effect upon the city that they had were deceived by us would turn his custom. His labors have hoped and prayed for but which out the same. A great effort was been so abundant and so blessed had been hindered by the out- made to collect the 'bad Protthat now he can make journeys break of revolution. estant literature' to burn (Bibles of many weeks' duration, yet and New Testaments considered every night rest in the house of Dr. Montano writes: "The the worst of all). They got about some believer. At present, he is church was filled, the people fifty New Testaments from folks supporting several native work- listening with rapt attention as who went to confession. ers by selling milk and honey in is seldom seen, and apparently the city of Barra where he is so hungry for the Word. The last "When the bishop came they respected as to have been offered meeting of the series was mar- made a bonfire of all this literathe post of mayor, which offer vellous. Of the three hundred ture. The bishop also told the he declined. and fifty people present, almost people afterwards that they -The Sunday School Times. all remained, and many indicat- ought to bring in their firewood ed their desire to know Christ and burn the Protestant mis- Refugees Bound for Paraguay and follow Him. At the close sionaries as well." we gave out two hundred and The first contingent of the 1,- ten Testaments of the Million -The Moody Monthly. 700 or 1,800 Christian refugees Testament Cam p a i g n. The from Russia left their tempo- outcome of these services has EUROPE rary haven at Harbin, Manchu- been a most valuable impulse to ria, early in February. Three our work." Evangelicals in Spain hundred Mennonites sailed from Shanghai for Marseilles in Feb- -South America. Evangelical Spaniards welruary and these two groups will comed with rejoicing the estabbe transported to Argentina, Teachers in Chile lishment of the Republic. It thence to Paraguay, where the represented the purification of refugees will settle. The Nan- The new law which permits national life. It means a spiritsen Refugee Commission is ar- only te.achers with State certifi- ual liberation of Evangelicals, ranging transportation and the cates to teach in Chile has affect- giving the full right to worship ed the Central Escuela Popular, according to our conscience. . . . a Presbyterian Mission .girls' Weare pleased that the first president of the Republic is a

man of religious faith and has liens is pastor, has opened a The Gossner Mission Society, invoked divine guidance, repair- new outstation at Boulogne-sur- organized in 1836, works excluing privately to the church to Seine, and a book shop is in full sively in India. It has 7 misrender his vows. swing. Cheering reports come sionaries, 885 native helpers, from West Africa, Normandy, 119,922 converts, 5,106 proba- The new Spanish constitution Brittany, Fontenay and the tioners, 5,419 male and 1,730 feis superior to many that are in Paris "Black Zone," where this male students. force among nations considered church supports w 0 r k e r s. among the most advanced. With- Through the Gospel Sky-Sign The Leipzig Mission Society, out falling into extremes it has Mission, i I I u min ate d texts, organized in 1836, has its fields solved problems which, like that flashed from the roof of the Tab- in India, East Africa (Tanganof the separation of Church and ernacle, are read daily by hun- yika). It reports 55 mission- State, have taken thirty years to dreds of people. Large numbers aries, 640 native helpers, 31,764 solve in other countries and of unconverted people attend the converts, 3,155 probationers, which are yet to be solved, as in service, and last year thirty- 11,163 male and 6,798 female the Argentine Republic. An two converts, mostly ex-Roman- students. Italian paper says, "Spain teach- ists, were baptized. es." The new constitution has The Hermannsburg Missionsolved the religious problem, giv- German Evangelical Missions ary Society was organized in ing just and fair solutions, ap- 1849. It works in Natal, Transproving the freedom of worship, A survey of the eight oldest vaal and Abyssinia. It has 108 the secularization of.the ceme- G e r man missionary societies missionaries, 254 native helpers, teries, the respect for the con- gives the following summary: 105,495 converts, 1,001 probascience of soldiers and marines, tioners, 5,080 male and 7,309 feand civil marriage. All these are Moravian Mission, which is male students. questions which the Spanish celebrating its 200th anniver- Evangelical Alliance and all sary this year, 62 missionaries, Hungarian Christian Students Spanish Protestants had written 540 native h e I per s, 38,576 on their banner. heathen converts, 1,824 proba- The winter conference of the tioners, 8,388 male and 7,699 fe- Hungarian Student Christian -Espana Evangelica. male pupils. It works in East Movement this year coincided and West Africa and Nyasaland. with the 25th anniversary of the Turning from Marx to God founding of the movement. The The Basel Mission Society, or- significance of this movement in An American correspondent ganized in 1918, has 192 mis- developing permanent Christian of The Presbyterian Banner in sionaries and 1,894 native help- leadership is proved by the thou- Falkenstein, Saxony, writes: ers in China, Borneo, India, the sands of its former members "Prayers go up from the back Gold Coast and Cameroun. It now in positions of authority room of the textile factory. The reports a total of 65,596 heath- and influence throughout Czechworkers are praying for help. en converts, 7,259 probationers, oslovakia. Prayers go up from the prayer 27,706 male and 7,127 female halls on a dozen corners of pupils. Learning from Russia Falkenstein. The jobless of 'Red' Falkenstein are on their The Berlin Mission Society, Nobody has ever called me a knees. 'Red' Falkenstein has organized in 1824, is at work in Bolshevik, or accused me of too turned from Marx to God. In China, South Africa and East great sympathy with the Rusthe midst of the 'hardest winter Africa. It reports 166 mission- sian Soviets; yet I confess to in 100 years,' this community of aries, 1,797 native helpers, 89,- real admiration for the Moscow 15,000 souls has a higher per- 927 converts, 3,087 probationers, Government on some counts. In centage of unemployment and of 24,827 male and 17,945 female certain particulars it has shown misery than any other in Ger- more sense, more strategy and many. It seems likely that in all students. more statesmanship, than any its troubled post-war history other government or organiza- Germany can present no more The Rhenish Mission Society, tion on earth. The Russians are impressive proof of popular be- organized in 1828, is working miles ahead of the Church with wilderment than the 'flight to principally in Cape Colony, respect to one of the Church's religion' in one-time revolution- South and West Africa, Suma- own particular problems. ary Falkenstein." Is anyone tra, Nias, Mentawei, China. It moved to brand this as supersti- reports 270 missionaries, 1,404 Upon the subject of youth tion? We would rather cast in native helpers, 435,236 converts, training they have seen straight our lot with these Germans and 20,782 probationers, 35,396 male and acted sanely. To them it their faith than with the philoso- and 14,603 female students. has been clear from the first, phy of materialistic atheism. and of uppermost importance, The Bremen Mission Society, that they must prepare a new Pastor Sailliens in Paris organized in 1836, is at work in generation of Russians if they English and French Togo and are to make their experiment a The Paris Tabernacle Church, the Gold Coast. It has 14 mis- success. So from the cradle to of which Pastor Reuben SaiI- sionaries, 269 native helpers, maturity, they have drilled the 30,518 converts, and 7,505 stu- dents.

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

young people intensively in the the formation of a Medical Mis- brought white ministers, while principles and practice of Bol- sionary Association, representa- by truck, by bicycle, or wearily shevism-thus creating a rather tive of all the churches, the ob- trudging along on foot came the ominous situation for religion jects of which would be: native representatives. One eland for world order. der, a delegate to Presbytery, 1. To coordinate the work of who is also an important govern- -William T. Ellis, LL. D. medical missions with a view to ment headman, came in his per- ensuring their distribution in sonally-owned Ford truck driven AFRICA the most needy areas. The first by a native chauffeur; bicycles step towards this would be a were common among the native "The Tireless Missionary" medical survey of the country to brethren. Not many years ago ascertain the population, preva- the white II!-en all rode bicycles, On the edge of the worst slum lence of disease, and existing fa- and the natIves were all on foot. in Cairo, a quarter with the rep- cilities for medical treatment in utation of having the largest various areas. There were present at this criminal population and the meeting of Presbytery at Mchighest infant mortality in the 2. To educate public opinion Lean Station in Cameroun, West city, the missionaries of the as to the need for medical mis- Africa, 39 ordained ministers of Church Missionary Society have sion work, and especially to im- whom 17 were missionaries. a bulletin board at the mission press upon the government and Probably 45 of the 50 churches entrance. On this board they the Provincial authorities the were represented by elders; post a large Bible picture, value of the work being done, while 30 licentiates and local changed each week, and call it and to obtain increased facilities evangelists were also present. "the missionary who never gets for such work. tired." There is a printed ex- These men gathered on the planation of the picture in Ara- -South African Outlook. benches in the Lolodorf church. bic. The picture has never been From whence have they come? torn or stolen, and all day long Adopting Babies From Batanga on the coast to little groups gather and gaze at 400 miles inland almost to the it while one of their number The McBurney Orphanage at eastern border of Cameroun reads the explanation. Elat recently reported 69 or- and 200 miles from Bafia on th~ phan babies under their care. north to the border of Spanish A book is usually mentioned, There are also 60 childless fam- Guinea on the south, and then which people are invited to come ilies waiting for babies to adopt. on along the Spanish Guinea into the mission and buy. The They cannot just say "give me coastline for another 150 miles. missionaries observe a cycle of a baby"; they must present a prayer, including a day when written application telling of A fine group of men are the the work of providing literature their wish and Christian expe- native ministers and licentiates. is especially remembered. The rience. Unless they are church They show evidence of their edufirst day when the work was so members they cannot have a cation and training in the alert remembered was the first day child. Their church session or look and frank countenance. A that anyone came in to buy one of the missionaries must well-dressed Bulu minister from books. Two Moslems were the also recommend the couple. The Bafia is stationed among a tribe first customers. foster mother must also spend famous for their scantiness of two months at the orphanage apparel. The native minister, Really good religious pictures, caring for the child she wishes, long in charge of the Efulan especially in the large sizes, are under the supervision of matron church, in his earlier experience of great use in dealing with pa- and nurses. She is also visited dwelt among cannibals. The tients in hospitals who cannot as frequently as possible after white-mustachioed elder of the read, and also for Bible women the child leaves to see that all Corisco church traveled 150 who take them about for teach- is going well. As far as possi- miles in an open surf-boat on the ing in people's homes. ble the babies are returned to ocean, and then 70 miles by mo- their own tribe and have been tor .to attend this meeting. Medical Mission Cooperation sent to the homes of masons, car- penters, chauffeurs, teachers Christians "Turn Malay" A great deal of discussion is and evangelists-the latter pretaking place as to the best means dominating. Never are the ba- The Pilot, official organ of of providing medical services bies forgotten in prayer when Cape Town Diocese, states that for natives in rural areas. In the nurses meet for morning many Christian men and women the South African Medical Jour- worship. are lapsing into Mohammedannal Dr. A. W. Burton strongly ism. Not infrequently men "turn advocates "coordinating all serv- A Picturesque Presbytery Malay" to marry Moslem girls. ices in the interests of the na- In one parish a confirmation tives at the mission centers al- On that warm, mid-December class of forty girls was asked to ready established" and adds that day strangers were passing over hold hands up if they knew any "at such centers medical serv- every road leading to the mis- Christian girls who had gone ices could with much advantage sion station. Fords, Chevrolets, over to Islam; practically every be added." In view of this in- Chryslers and mot 0 r c y c I e s terest, the time is opportune for

hand went up. The reason why of Jerusalem and has been sent to Persia in 1926 as a short-time the Moslem is stronger for Islam to the pro-Arabian Committee volunteer teacher in Stuart Methan the Christian is for Christ, for consideration. It is recom- morial College. He acquired a the article suggests, is a want of mended that this conference be working knowledge of Persian teaching among the colored peo- under the chairmanship of a and spent his spare time in ple, where the lapses take place. neutral person, upon whom both evangelizing the Persian vil- Church people are not suffi- sides and also the English Gov- lages. During the bitter winter ciently grounded in their re- ernment could agree; that Pales- in Isfahan, day after day he ran ligion, and too much is taken for tine be divided into separate ad- a soup kitchen in the poorest granted. There is great need for ministrative districts; that Jew- part of the city. His evangelisthe constant instruction of sim- ish interests be concentrated in tic tours carried him into remote ple church people living in Mos- one of these districts, to be called mountain districts where he was lem districts, on the imperative "National Home for :fews"; that in peril of robbers. Once he was duty of standing fast in the the Jewish district be part of the arrested and kept a prisoner for faith, and on the falsity of the Palestinian State and be subject a week, which time he devoted religion of Islam, so that they to the Palestinian Constitution; to evangelizing the soldiers may know how to give a reason that the constitution assure full guarding him. It was an experifor the faith that is in them. autonomy for the Jewish popula- ence in all kinds of hardships- tion, but only with regard to intense cold, intense heat, ver- -South African Outlook. inner Jewish affairs; that it also min, short rations, and much guarantee to the Jews a due par- else. WESTERN ASIA ticipation in the general govern- ment of the land. It is also pro- His devotion cost his life, and Near East Christian Council posed that inhabitants of the he has passed on after an attack Jewish District be given a time of typhus. In his clear mo- The chief factor in the deci- to emigrate to other districts if ments he was much concerned sion to organize the Near East they wish. Both sides are to about the police of Isfahan. He Christian Council was the Mos- have the privilege of appeal to used sometimes to ride down the lem problem. In order to more the League of Nations against main avenue of the town on his effectively and rapidly evangel- any decision of the Tribunal. bicycle without a lamp, so that ize the 77,000,000 Moslems of the policeman who would stop the Near East, it was seen that -Alliance Weekly. him might hear about Jesus. closer cooperation was essential "Nurse," he cried in delirium, among the hundred societies, Mohammedanism in Cyprus "do you know the police have with their 2,000 missionaries at only one quilt and no charcoal work in that field. Accordingly, Mohammedanism too kits and it is so cold!" and he threw the C 0 u n c i I was definitely start in Cyprus when the island his own eiderdown quilt off the launched in 1927, and about was conquered by the Osmans in bed. His last prayer was a 50 % of the mission workers are 1571. There are 65,000 Turks thanksgiving to God for the now in its fellowship. who belong to the Sunnite-Hani- friendship of Jesus. fites. The Order of the Mewlewi The influence of the Central has a dervish convent in Niko- Bishop Linton writes: "We Literature Committee for Mos- sia, which is ruled by a hered- praise God for Clifford Harris lems extends far beyond the itary sheik. There are three who gave his life for village Near East; in fact, wherever Turkish dailies. A Mohamme- evangelism in Persia and for the missionaries work among Mo- dean-Christian con g r e gation hammedans, its literature may there is very small and station- poor of Persia." be used. Other Committees are ary in its development. The -Sunday School Times. on Christian Education; on Mis- island is provided with literasions and Governments; on Jew- ture by the students of a religi- INDIA AND BURMA ish work-it is thought by some ous seminary in Athens conductthat christianized Jews make ed by Prof. Levonian. So far Influence of Books the best missionaries to Mos- there have been circulated 2,050 lems; and another on Relations copies of the Scriptures and A reading room in Nasik City to Ancient Oriental Churches. A there was a great demand for is doing a useful work. For sixth Committee is very impor- literature in the new alphabet some months there has not been tant, that on Evangelism. The based on the Latin. An Ar- seating room for those who Rev. Robert P. Wilder, D.D., is menian pastor reports that he come. Time was when trouble General Secretary of this Coun- has visited 622 villages of the making persons used to snatch cil. island and preached unhindered. from readers' hands books on the Christian religion, and give Palestinian Jews and Arabs A Volunteer in Persia them instead other books to read. Once a Brahman student A round-table conference of Clifford Harris, educated in protested: "Mr. Gandhi and Jews and Arabians to consider the "Blue Coat School," London, other leaders have decided to orpoints by which these two peo- and at King's College, went out der their conduct by the teachples could work together, has ing of the Lord Jesus Christ. the approval of the Grand Mufti They have given an uplift to all

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

India. Mr. Gandhi himself has little personal luggage and a pile their children to the schools ato b s e r v e d Christ's teaching: of Gospels. On the first journey tended by children of caste 'Love your enemies; if anyone he met an educated gentleman, Hindus. But with the Baroda smite thee on the one cheek, of- who seemed to be interested. Government standing firm, refer to him the other also,' and "But after all, what is the es- sentment cannot hold out in so doing has given India an sence of the true religion ?" against an increasingly enlightexcellent example. Under his asked the gentleman. "Is it not ened public opinion. own supervision Bible teaching sufficient for one to obey one's is given in Ahmedabad ColJege. conscience?" "T rue religion," Pandita Ramabai Hostel So if there is such good teach- answered the student, "is that Wilson College, Bombay, has ing in the Bible, why should we which brings a man freedom and completed a scheme whereby not read it?" From then on no lifts him out of the mire of sin." twenty Indian women students further trouble occurred. "I confess that I am not a re- are provided with hostel facili- -C. M. S. Outlook. ligious man," con tin u e d the ties in the new building named stranger. "I have to work hard the Pandita Ramabai Hostel. Shock Troops Not Shaken to earn my living and support When the American Ramabai The North India Methodist my family. Some day I hope to Association was dissolved a few Conference ref use s to give have time to study the subject years ago, it transferred its ground. When its appropria- of religion. I believe in getting fund of a lakh of rupees to Wil- tion was cut 9,000 rupees this salvation from my own religion son College for this purpose, and year, its best known member, E. which I have inherited from my gave a further sum of Rs, 20,- Stanley Jones, offered to make fathers." 000; Wilson College authorities up one third of this amount, "But have you studied the supplied the balance, and the each missionary family agreed Bible?" asked the student. "Have Church of Scotland Mission the to give 45 rupees each month for you a copy?" site.

one year and the Conference "Yes, I have a copy," was the American Aid in Dornakal voted a 10% cut on all salaries answer. "It was given me oy the Bible Society when I grad- Since March 1, 1930, the Anabove 45 rupees a month. -Christian Advocate. uated .at Calcutta. But I have glican Church in India has been not read it much." a free and independent branch Gandhi Exhorts India Christians He promised to read the book of the Anglican Communion; no Just before his arrest, Mahat- and the two men parted. longer the Church of England in ma Gandhi issued the following -W. E. H. Organ in The Stu- India, but the Church of India, message to Indian Christians: dent Outlook. Burma, and Ceylon; free to for- I trust that in the struggle on Schools for "Untouchables" mulate its own Constitution, Canons, and order of service. It which the country is about to embark One of India's most difficult has before it the task of giving Indian Christians who tender their problems is that of the "un- a characteristically national inloyalty to the one whom they call the touchables," involving social, terpretation to Christianity. Prince of Peace will not be behind economic and religious ramifica- The Episcopal Church is now to any community in the struggle which tions. The Round Table Con- cooperate, and missionary work is essentially based on peace. I suggest that service in the national strug- gle is an infinitely greater safeguard ference gave prominence to the will be commenced in the Dio- question and many Christian cese of Dornakal, which for for the protection of a minority that missionaries have been working has rendered such service than any for years upon the problem. A many years has had vigorous paper security. mass movements. During the I would like to lay stress .on .khad- dar (homespun cloth) and prohibition. solution seems to have been be- last decade the average increase gun in a recent decision in the in church membership has been … r hope that every Christian home Baroda State, abolishing special schools for "untouchable" chil- over 7,000. In point of memberwill be adorned by the installation of ship the diocese is the largest in the spinning wheel and every Chris- tian .body with khaddar spun and woven by the hands of our poor coun- dren, and opening the govern- India, yet vast tracts are still trymen and countrywomen. ment primary schools to these untouched by any evangelistic children. This has caused some agency. I have never understood how a resentment among Hindu vil- Christian can take intoxicating drink. The particular field that has Did not Jesus say to Satan when he went to seduce Him, "Get thee behind lagers, resulting in oppression; been offered to the Episcopal me, Satan"? Is not intoxicating drink Satan incarnate? How can a Chris- crops of "untouchables" have Church lies in the Hyderabad tian serve both Satan and Christ? State, an Indian Native State. been destroyed, kerosene poured A ·Pilgrim with the Gospel into their wells and one social Eventually, it will be called upon worker was stoned. In some to share in the activities of the A student in the Central Prov- villages caste people withdraw whole diocese. There is also inces decided to spend part of their children from the schools scope for inaugurating and de- ·his long vacation bearing wit- and in others there is a move to veloping the educational, medi- ness for his Lord. He set out on get the "untouchables" to give cal and economic activities of a journey, partly by train and a written statement to the effect the Church.

partly on foot, carrying a very that they are unwilling to send -Spirit of Missions.

Lutheran Advances added the other thirty-seven per J esse Lee Corley on behalf of the cent because the work was al- World's Sunday School Associa- The Board of Foreign Mis- ready planned and workers em- tion. Dr. Corley was in China sions of the United Lutheran ployed, but this situation cannot from October, 1930, to Septem- Church reports that the Andhra be met another year. Our writ- ber, 1931 as chairman of the Evangelical Lutheran Church ing of retrenchment does not deputation of five that made the in India, in its annual conven- mean that we are willing to re- survey. Twenty-seven centers tion last fall,' ordained twenty- trench without making a sac- were visited, four t r a i n i n g three native Indian men to the rifice ourselves, and we are al- schools held and two national Christian ministry. This is the ready giving for support of work gatherings. first class to be ordained since that seems urgently necessary the Andhra Evangelical Luther- no less than $3,000." The National Committee for an Church was reorganized. It Christian Religious Education was also decided by the Board CHINA AND MANCHURIA in China was formed as the that no person appointed to in- Committee on Religious Educadependent charge of work un- Manchuria or Manchoukuo? tion for the National Christian der the General Work Commit- Council. Dr. C. S. Miao and tee in India shall be permitted On February 26, the new Rev. Ronald Rees are the gento stand for any elective govern- State of Manchuria was named eral secretaries of the new commental office during the next "Manchoukuo." – The w 0 r d mittee. twelve months, except by ap- "M a n" meaning Manchuria, proval of the General Work "Chou" meaning a large area, Students Turn to Christ Committee. and "kuo," being the generic name for a nation or state. Out of the group of students Burma Observations Changchun was made the capi- in Foochow College, China, who tal, according to a statement is- decided definitely to become Rev. B. C. Case, Baptist work- sued by the "Administrative Christians during the recent viser in Pyinmana, Burma, after a Committee" at Mukden. The it of Sherwood Eddy, 33 have visit to the rural conference at ruler of the country, the state- been received into church mem- Nagpur, India, says: "I have ment continues, shall be called bership and 25 have expressed a had opportunities to observe Chin Cheng, meaning Dictator, des ire for further training. other mission activities, aside and he was provisionally install- Christian schools in China, says from those related to agricul- ed as such until formally initi- Rev. Ralph R. Shrader, have ture. There seems to be a great- ated "by the will of the people, ceased to be "the" Christian er understanding and acceptance according to the constitution to schools and are becoming "our" of the spirit of Christ by edu- be promulgated in the future." Christian schools. Many of the cated Hindus than appears prev- students who were drawn away alent among the educated Bud- A new five-colored flag has from the Church by Commudhists in Burma. The theistic been adopted as the banner of nism, or who were repelled by background may help to make Manchoukuo. The bottom of what seemed to them "ultrathis easier. I heard remarkable yellow, with red, blue, white and conservatism" are now giving statements of the recognition of black bars above. that institution another trial. Christ's uniqueness and adora- "We have led these young peotion of him by Hindus at meet- The name of the new era is ple out of their old ways of ings to celebrate Christmas. Ta Tung, meaning "Great Un- thinking;. they can never go Part of this may be due to the ion," and the temporary Dicta- b a c k. We must see them generations of Christian teach- tor, selected by the Japanese and through," says Mr. Shrader, ing carried on in mission schools under their protection, is Henry who believes that if the Chriso~ the land. . . This trip has Pu-Yi, the former Manchu "Boy tian Church fails to win the alglven me a greater appreciation Emperor" of China. He is a legiance of these young people, of and admiration for India and young man of about twenty-sev- through misunderstanding or its spiritual attainments." en years of age and is without lack of vision, many of the best any governmental experience. and most idealistic will turn to Missionaries Help Reduce Deficit Communism. A body of 2,000 old Kirin In Burma the national teach- troops, as the forces opposing Conflict in Kiangsi ers have decided to give a the dominion in Manchuria are month's salary or more to help known, are operating on the Communist forces govern and carry their schools through this western section of the Chinese devastate large areas in Kiangsi. year.of cut bUdgets. From Miss Eastern Railway. The Japanese In Yuanchow, men and women Lettie Archer, Baptist mission- have established a strong garri- have been ordered to forsake the ary in West China comes the son at Harbin. worship of God and take up the statement: "We receive from Communist cause, and on refus-' the Woman's Foreign Society Religious Education Plans ing to do so many have been but sixty-three per cent of what murdered. In about eight cenwe must use. This year we have "Religious Education in the ters it has been impossible to Chinese Church," is a report which tells of the work of Dr.

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

carryon Christian services, but any education and from non- mittee on work for Moslems, generally they courageously con- Christian homes, thronged the through which all missions tinue to meet secretly. The gen- classrooms and overflowed the working among Chinese Moseral impression is that interest yards. The girl teachers were lems might cooperate. Special in the Gospel is greater than swamped and sent out an S 0 S literature and special training ever. to the boys who were itinerat- for the missionaries are re- A new venture in Nanchang ing. The latter responded and quired, and can best be provided is a Gospel message in the ad- hurried in to help the girls take in cooperation. vertisement columns of a local care of this mob of lively, noisy newspaper. The same message and interested children. Oldest Chinese Baptist Church appears every day for a week, The school lasted for four The oldest Chinese Baptist and is changed each Monday weeks and over 180 attended church in the world is located at m 0 r n i n g. Several inquiries faithfully, rain or shine, during Bangkok. It is said to be the have resulted and one inquirer the hottest of the season. The oldest organized Chinese Prothas been definitely converted. youthful teachers showed a fine estant church in the world and Another wrote that he had lost spirit of enthusiastic service. has been meeting in the same all his relatives in bandit trou- place for a hundred years. bles and was in despair and was A special Bible class, held by thinking of becoming a Bud- the pastor, was attended by the A variety of work is carried entire group of eighteen volun- on, including a kindergarten, dhist monk. The first message tarily. The great principles of numbering twenty-one. A colspoke to him, the second seemed Christianitywere expounded and porteur is doing excellent work to be just what he was needing, questions were asked and an- in Chinese and Siamese. About and he wanted to receive liter- a mile away from the old church ature which would tell him more swered. One result is that the a mission has been opened and a of the Gospel. group unanimously dec 1are d school started. their intention 'to join the Chris- -China's Millions. tian groups in their respective An Encouraging Experiment schools and to make friends A Place to Pray In China one of the most diffi- with the Christian leaders there. Over the pulpit of the church cult jobs for the church pastor This experiment gives much en- at Chungju is an electric light is the finding of work for the which burns all night long, so young people of the church. Our couragement for the future of that any persons wishing to East Suburb Church in Tsinan, enter the church to pray may do Shantung, has tackled this prob- the Church and Christianity in lem with good results. so. One of the doors is always China. open. Often before daylight K. K. THOMPSON, Presbyterian Mission, Tsinan.

Eighteen young Chinese con- General Asks for Prayer Christians will come to pray be- fore beginning the duties of the nected with the Church include The Chinese army general in day, as few, if any, of them have thirteen g i r I san d five boys command at Yangchow request- any private places in their ed local Christians to have a homes for prayer. The average who are attending Senior High series of special prayer meet- size of the rooms is 7 x 7 feet Schools in Tsinan, Tungchow ings for China. He attended one and these are often occupied by (Hopei), and in Peiping. Not of the meetings and talked three or four members of the all are baptized members, but plainly about the weakness of family who sleep on the floor. they are all friendly with the the Chinese character, and how C h r is t ian movement. These they did not need to fear Japa- By Families, Not Individuals young people returned last sum- nese airplanes and cannon so mer for their vacations, and the much as their own hearts. The A radical change in method Church leaders decided to ask Rev. E. H. Forster says the has been made by the Episcopal the girls to take up some regular meetings showed a genuine Mission in Changshu. Except in Christian service in a Daily Va- Christian attitude, there was very special instances, single incation Bible School. The boys m u c h earnest prayer that the dividuals are no longer baptized, were organized into a preaching truth might be known, that but it is insisted that whole band under the leadership of one officials of China and Japan families come together, or wait. of the older evangelists to make might act with justice and This is an experiment, but reshort trips into the nearby coun- righteousness, and that the sults for the past three years try towns, where they would sing hands of the League of Nations have justified the attempt. The hymns, preach and hold conver- and a 11 other organizations obvious advantage is that it sations with those interested. working for world peace might makes for stability in Christian be strengthened. belief and practice for each These eighteen students unan- person. There have been in imously agreed to take up these Moslems in China projects. The Daily Vacation Bible School enrollment mounted the past many instances of los- until 280 were registered. These The National Christian Coun- ing members of the Church beboys and girls from the neigh- cil of China has under consider- cause in a family where only borhood, most of them without ation the formation of a com- one member is a Christian,

it is most difficult for him origin, representing the Presby- pected that Buddhism will enact to refuse to take part in the terian, Lutheran, Baptist and a more vigorous propaganda in numerous heathen rites in con- other Protestant denominations. Europe. nection with the worship of There are now branches of the household gods, and ancestors. Alliance in New York, Phila- The Bible for Siberian Exiles For a son to refuse the sacrifices delphia, Pittsburgh, Toronto, due to his father or mother is Chicago, Los Angeles and San The work which the National unthinkable. A Christian son Francisco. In 1925 the Inter- Bible Society of :::lcotland is domay be able to pass this filial national Hebrew Christian Al- ing among Siberian exiles in duty on to one of his non-Chris- liance was organized with head- Manchuria has been more and tian brothers, if he has any. If quarters in London, England. more fruitful. Directors of the not, and the duty falls upon him, Now there are alliances in four- three Russian High Schools at very often his Christian con- teen countries of the world. Sir Harbin provided all the children science is stifled by the pressure Leon Levison, of Edinburgh, an with copies of the Gospels. Siof family and relatives. On the elder of St. George's Church and multaneously complete Bibles death of a Christian member of president of the board of direc- were bought by the Parents' the family its connection with tors of The Life of Faith (the Committees of these schools, and Christianity is ended. organ of the Keswick Move- distributed among the school ment) and The Christian, of children. Thus over 200 copies This method makes for London, is the president of the of the Bible, and over 2,000 Gosstronger roots and a growth that International Alliance. pels were distributed. will continue throughout succeeding generations. The Alliance has a threefold Copies of the Gospels have mission: also been circulated among refu- -Spirit of Missions. gees coming from Soviet Russia. 1. A united Hebrew Chris- Again and again, refugees ex- Stirring Times in Manchuria tian witness to' the Church that claim that the Gospels are of Israel is still beloved of God and more value than food and cloth- We are having stirring times that the Christian has a mis- ing. In spite of Bolshevik athein Manchuria. Until recently we sionary duty to the Jews of the ist assertions that the entire were entirely free from the world. younger generation is godless, troubles which were rending the evidence accumulates that the south asunder. Now it seems 2. It aims to proclaim Christ opposite is true. Both in Rusour turn to know what danger to unbelieving Jewish brethren sia and Siberia are new revivals, and distress mean. We are in and urge the acceptance of Him chiefly among young people. At the very center of the struggle as a personal Saviour. one place in Russia, the secrezone. tary of a Communist Youths' 3. To present a tangible ex- Movement was converted. He Our great concern is for our pression and testimony to the had been a leader in all commu- Christians and the evangelists unbelieving world that the Gos- nistic movements among the who have their wives and chil- pel is as strong today as ever in Youth. Other similar cases are dren and are from North China. the conversion and regeneration recorded. It is all we can do to keep some of Jews. of these quiet. Among One Million Bataks The Hebrew Christian Alli- We desire most earnestly that ance Quarterly, is published in Dr. Warneck of the Rhenish China may not be crushed, nor Chicago, and is a magazine of Mission in Sumatra states that have any of her possessions exceptional merit. Jacob Peltz the chief problem at present is taken unjustly from her, but we is managing editor. the care of the Christians and feel that the leaders of China es- further extension of the work. pecially need to be taught a les- Growth of Buddhism There are one million Bataks of son in simple justice and hon- whom one-fourth are Christians. esty. China must learn that she The International Buddhist Protestant missions have' two cannot be reckoned as on a plane Union plans to hold a Buddhist energetic opponents, Islam and with other great nations while 'world congress in December, Roman Catholicism. There is foreign life and property are un- 1932. The place of meeting is to urgent need for more European protected. China needs 0 u I' be Siam, if the king of that coun- m iss i onaries. A theological prayers now as never before. try agrees, if not, in Rangoon. school is being started in Java The vice-president of the Maha- for the training of native pas- -{Mrs. J.J Rosalind Go- bodhi Society in London, B. L. tors and workers and all mission forth. Broughton, is at present en- societies in the Dutch East In- gaged in a tour comprising Bur- dies are cooperating. Schools GENERAL ma, Siam, Cambodia, China, and are increasing, but in the land of Japan in order to inaugurate the Bataks thousands are still The Hebrew Christian Al1iance consulates of the International waiting for the Gospel. Buddhist Union. The effort is This organization of Christian being made to get all divisions Jews was founded in 1913, in of Buddhism all over the world Pittsburgh, Pa., by a group of into closer cooperation. It is ex- Christian ministers of Hebrew Our Missionary Bookshelf Recent Boo~s Reviewed for the Readers' Information A. C. Dixon, A Romance of Preach- else, A. C. Dixon was one of the Education Be L eft tot h e ing. By Helen C. Alexander Dixon. greatest preachers of his gener- State?" "The T r a i n in g of 324 pp. $5. Putnam. New York. ation, sound in the faith, and Teachers," "The Education of 1931. tireless in evangelical zeal. Women and Girls," "Missions and Governments." Few non-professional writers Mrs. Dixon has measured up undertake three extended biog- to her task. Although she her- There is no claim for originalraphies in one life time-a dis- self is a Britisher, the chapters ity in the positions taken and tinction achieved by Helen C. on American history in the time defined. The principles stated Alexander Dixon. The life of of the Civil War and reconstruc- are educationally sound. The her father, Richard Cadbury of tion period not only reveal tact chief difficulty, as the authors Birmingham, England, and the and grace but form a worthy point out, lies not in the statelife of her former husband, contribution to the bibliography ment of the principles but in the C h a r I e s M. Alexander, are of American history. She could securing of their practical appliworthy of the splendid recep- write with especial sympathy on cation. But the very exposition tions accorded them. Her third Dr. Dixon's London ministry, of, and the focusing of minds biography, the life of A. C. Dix- and in the delineation of his life upon, such principles will help on, her second husband, is, in as a great international preach- to produce in time a unified miscertain respects, her supreme ef- er she has excelled, showing sionary opinion and allegiance clear insight into the facts and and program, and the Christian fort. forces which made Dr. Dixon an movement in Africa is under ob- The art of the SCUlptor or the able servant of God. ligation to Dr. Oldham and Miss Gibson for this able and timely portrait painter is called upon to L. S. CHAFER. book. reproduce one view of a human face and figure. The biographer The Remaking of Man in Africa. By W. R. WHEELER.

undertakes the stupendous task J. H. Oldham and B. D. Gibson. of reproducing a life with all its 183 pp. 28 6d. Oxf,ord University Press. 1931. tim e periods, temperaments, Missions in the Bible. By J. B. trials and triumphs. Lawrence, D.D. 186 pp. Baptist In at least three respects the Home Mission Board. Atlanta, Georgia, 1931. biography of Dr. A. C. Dixon This is a study and exposition was no easy task. He was a of the "broad outlines of a pol- Southerner by birth and, living icy of Christian education" in Though published primarily in the time of the Civil War, was Africa. Dr. J. H. Oldham, the for the use of the churches of naturally influenced by the bit- Secretary of the International the Southern Baptist Conven- ter feeling which war invariably Missionary Council, has traveled tion, this handbook for the study engenders; yet in the greater widely through East and South of the missionary teaching of portion of his American minis- Africa, and has intimate knowl- the Scriptures will prove "a try he was a beloved pastor of edge of things African, both friend in need" to pastors, northern churches, evidencing missionary and governmental. teachers and all earnest church the fact that his passions were Miss B. D. Gibson is the Assist- workers in other communions.

heaven-born and his love of ant Secretary of the Council. It is well planned. Beginning souls was universal. Likewise The authors state their pur- with the definition of the mis- Dr. Dixon was international in pose to be "the progressive evo- sionary enterprise as "a divinely service and sympathy at a time lution of a coordinated policy of imposed task," not "an arbitra- when national interests were Christian education, thought out ry self-chosen diversion of reli- uppermost because of the World in the light of the Christian giously-minded individuals," the War. Few could have served meaning of education and the introductory chapter reviews Great Britain with more sym- missionary purpose, and closety the agencies through which the pathy and loyalty than he did as related to the living forces in work is carried forward, and pastor of the Spurgeon Taber- modern Africa." presents the Bible as the mis- nacle in London during those The chapters deal with the sionary charter and source book agonizing years of strife and subjects "Education and the of missionary instruction. Six suffering. But more than all Missionary Pur p 0 s e," "Can chapters r e cor d "Missionary [317] Teachings of the Old and New years right before us if the over- in Africa more constructive and Testaments," "The Mission and whelming challenge on both permanent by the training of Message of Christ," "The Mis- fronts is to be met." The third better helpers; and that he could sionary 1m per a t i v e of the lecture' deals with opposing get away from that somewhat Church," "The Divine Plan of forces and the other two are on patronizing attitude of white Support," and "The Work of the "The Secret of Liberating a toward black for which he sees Holy Spirit in Missions." These Greater Lay Force." no cure. R. E. HOFFMAN.

studies furnish a wealth of ma- In this, as in all of Dr. Mott's terial for sermons, addresses and class discussions. Instruc- books, the style is the man. Zealots of Zion. By Hoffman Birney. There is a great wealth of bio- 12 mo. $3.50. Penn Publishing Co. tion concerning stewardship and graphical illustration, although Philadelphia. 1931. giving is intensely practical, as developed under the following some names of leading Christian Much attention has been atcaptions: Giving; everyone laymen of our generation are tracted to the Mormons within giving; everyone giving every conspicuous by their absence. the last decade. Book after week; everyone giving at least The bibliography contains over book has appeared dealing with a tithe; everyone giving to two hundred titles and makes some phase of their remarkable every Kingdom object! The au- the work invaluable for refer- history. Mr. Birney's volume is thor trenchantly rem ark s : ence. an unusual treatment of an un- "Weekly giving will fuse the im- usual subject. He resists the pulse of stewardship and cast it S. M. Z. usual temptation to play up such into the mould of habit." The colorful personalities as Joseph dynamic of the missionary en- On the Edge of the Primeval Forest. Smith, Jr., or Brigham Young. terprise is found in Love, the By Albert Schweitzer. Translated Ignoring the greater lights, he love of Christ shed abroad in from the German by C. T. Campion. gives us an absorbing story of our hearts by the Spirit in eter- 180 pp. $2. Macmillan. New the humbler actors in the develnal, optimistic, victorious Love. York. opment of Brigham's great Mor- mon empire. These men, with The lessons of each chapter In the parable of Dives and their stark zealotry, their crude are brought into relief by ques- Lazarus, which Dr. Schweitzer theology and their blazing fations prepared by Mrs. Una applies directly to us, Caucasi- naticism, march through his Rob e r t s Lawrence, Mission ans represent Dives and Lazarus pages like the actors in a Greek Study Editor of the Home Mis- represents the colored f 0 I k drama. Probably the best part whom we could relieve. Instead of the volume is Mr. Birney's sion Board. BERTHA G. JUDD. we have brought them strong drink and certain diseases, and so are their debtors. "Hence," he treatment of a confessedly diffi- cult mat t e r, the Mountain Liberating the Lay Forces of Chris- says, "I resolved, when already Meadows Massacre. No fairer tianity: The Ayer Lectures for 1931. 30 years old, to study medicine By John R. Mott. 175 pp. $2. and put my ideas to test out there." To pay the expense he statement ever has been put in Macmillan. New York. 1932.

An excellent and timely book used his earnings from organ print and yet it is doubtful if a on a great theme. Dr. Mott concerts and from his book on severer arraignment of the Morstates his argument in the open- Bach. How this remarkable mon priesthood ever was made. ing sentence: "The most vital man, having already attained The author convinces his readand fruitful periods in the his- eminence in music and theology, ers that this slaughter of 120 tory of the Christian Church carried out this deliberate pur- men, women and children was have been those in which laymen pose, the difficulties and ro- the greatest atrocity ever comhave most vividly realized and mance of it all, are drawn in mitted in America. It still remost earnestly sought to dis- startling clearness with a rich mains a bar sinister' upon the charge their responsibility to background of life in the jungle, M 0 r m 0 n system. M 0 r m 0 n propagate the Christian faith. some of the most prevalent dis- writers have not shown re- This fact was impressively il- eases, problems of mission or- straint in presenting the i r lustrated in the days of the early ganization and the results of be- claims as to the "fruits of coming Christians in the life of Mormonism," but one wonders Christians. " whether they will not need to The first lecture is a historical the people. sketch of the contribution made Dr. Schweitzer is still the pitch their claims a little lower by laymen to the Christian master musician in this Sym- in view of such an irresistible Church in its world program phony, with its theme of a life arraignment. A. J. M.

down the centuries and in every abandoned to the relief of huland. The second lecture is a man need, in the "Fellowship of The Moral Crisis in Christianity. By strong pie a for augmenting those who bear the mark of Justin Wroe Nixon. 8 yo. $2.00. these lay forces because of pres- pain" and so can never be free Harper & Bros.. New York. 1931.

ent conditions in the church and again to forget the others who Is Christianity ethically adein the world at large. "A vast- still suffer. quate for such a time as ours? ly greater lay force must be lib- Yet one could wish that he That, Dr. Nixon holds, is the erated, mobilized and used in the were able to make this fine work crucial question for religion to-

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

day, on the answer to which re- can hope to achieve a unified and acter. Khama was the last of ligion's hold on future genera- harmonious society. But this re- the great Kafir kings who were tions will chiefly depend. In the sult, Dr. Nixon contends, can be at once supreme ruler, supreme midst of acute economic distress, attained only by a profounder court j u d g e, commander-in- shifting moral standards, con- and truer view of life than the chief of the army and head of flicting social ideals and a wide- current "humanism" offers; it the treasury. He ruled with his spread secularistic temper, can requires as its basis the insight brain rather than with bat- Christianity give positive guid- into reality that is found in talions, though he was a power- ance? Dr. Nixon answers in the Jesus Christ. S. M. CAVERT. ful and skillful general.

affirmative, but in no spirit of Khama practically compelled easy complacency. He discrimi- The Rural Mission of the Church in his people to accept Christianity natingly analyzes present condi- Eastern Asia. By Kenyon L. But- and introduced a communistic tions, both in the world at large terfield, Foreword by John R. Mott. system of trading. We see him and also in organized religion, Pamphlet. International Missionary never ignoring the gravity of Council. New York. 1931. here grow from a "naked head the situation or clinging to any boy into a circumcised savage, a superficial optimism. Dr. Butterfield has rendered a skilled lion hunter, a desert valuable service to the mission- -dreamer, a baptized Christian, a This volume is the first series ary cause through his visits to rebel against his father's stern of lectures on the new Walter India and eastern Asia. His ex- Rauschenbusch Foundation at perience, good judgment, genial rule, a hater of tobacco and al- Colgate-Rochester D i v i nit y personality and spiritual aims cohol, a politician outwitting School. The lecturer is a former enabled him to look deeply into Paul Kruger and Cecil Rhodes; pupil, friend and colleague of rural problems and to suggest a top hatted diplomat winning Dr. Rauschenbusch, later be- solutions that have already born the protection of Queen Victoria came his successor in the profes- fruit. In this report Dr. Butter- and Joseph Chamberlain in the sorial chair and is now a field gives the results of his face of powerful opposition; a preacher in Rochester. We may visits to Japan, Korea, China, military conqueror of many wisely look to him for a discern- the Philippines and Siam. We ing interpretation of what has need to realize the importance of tribes, a taker of tribute in catbeen taking place in Christian the vast but neglected rural tle, slave girls and ivory; a pilthought and life during the fields. Every missionary or ad- lager of kraals; an autocrat, quarter of a century since the ministrator of mission work gentleman and philosopherappearance of Rauschenbusch's among rural populations should this strange mixture was born epochal treatise on "Christianity carefully study these findings in 1828 and died in 1923 at the and the Social Crisis." and recommendations. No pow- age of ninety-four still grasping er, other than the Spirit of God, the scepter of authority." Frankly recognizing that "so- can bring life to these neglected areas but by human instrumen- It is a remarkable historycial Christianity" is now in well worth reading and shows something like an eclipse, Dr. what strength lies in African character.

Nixon finds the major explanaJ tality this Spirit is brought into tion in two things. One is the touch with men. tendency of some to treat Chris- The Lutheran Hour. By Prof. Walter A. Maier, Ph.D. 8 vo. 324 pp.

tianity as a religion of escape Khama, King of Bamangwato. By $1.50. Concordia Pub. House. St. from the real problems of life in- Julian Mockford. Illus. 8 Vo. 322 Louis. 1931.

stead of a means for world pp. lOs. 6d. Jonathan Cape The r a d i 0 has e nab led transformation. The other is London. 1931. speakers to send messages to the tendency to reduce "social One of the most remarkable hundreds of tho usa n d s of Christianity" to a program of chiefs of South Central Africa listeners simultaneously though external reform rather than a was Khama, the friend of Liv- they are thousands of miles means of expressing a positive ingstone, who ruled his country apart. It is a near approach to philosophy of life grounded in with a strong hand, acted as ar- omnipresence. The Spirit of deep convictions. In his own bitrator in disputes, established God speaking through a human thinking, Dr. Nixon arrives at a schools, abolished witchcraft voice, heard but not seen, may synthesis of the personal and the and polygamy, and went to Lon- influence millions of lives. The social aspects of Christianity by don to plead with Queen Victoria Lutheran Layman's League has showing that the real issue is to maintain a protectorate over rendered a wide service over whether it has a redemptive his kingdom and to help him thirty-six stations in providing quality that can produce a new keep out strong drink. His the addresses by Dr. Walter A.

type of personality and through character was strong, though not Maier, Professor of Old Testa- it a new type of social life. ·If, faultless, his career was pictur:- ment in the Concordia Theo- as the author shows, the individ- esque and powerful. This story logical Seminary at St. Louis.

ual can find through Christ and of the great chief is a valuable The thirty-six half hour sermons His teachings an inner unity and history of his country and a well are clear, practical and biblical, peace in his own soul, then we balanced portrayal of his char- taking up such subjects as

MISSIONARY EDUCATION IN A LOCAL CHURCH

Blinded Morals, Truth from the Chicago Theological Semin- urrection, also, has meaning for Heaven, The Folly of Atheism, ary by the President profess to Prophecy, C rea t ion, Faith, give five pathways for the per- us only on the spiritual level. Purity, Modern Marriage, Im- plexed seeker in a Godless age mortality, Christ's Coming, The That the body of Jesus should be Use of the Sword, The New to the realization of the presence Birth and God's Solution for of God. Through nature, science, brought back from the tomb, re- Youth's Problems. These radio humanity, worship, and through sermons resulted in conversions, Jesus Christ the perplexed soul animated, and given a brief adrestorations to Christian faith, may find the way back. While renewed church memberships the book contains many excel- ditional physical existence for a and Bible study. Reports of lent thoughts the pathway to the these results have come from presence of God is entirely omit- few days among his followers, such widely scattered points as ted-namely, through the Holy Quebec and Mississippi, Cali- Word and the Holy Spirit. The helps us not at all. Indeed it fornia and Massachusetts. author frankly disavows his be- lief in the Virgin birth and the only troubles us. It raises far The Pacific. By Stanley Rogers. II: resurrection of the bod y of lustrated by the Author. 8 vo. 254 Jesus. He says: "And so the res- more questions than it satisfies. pp. $2.75. Crowell. New York. 1931. The only resurrection we are in- This volume, with drawings terested in is a continued spiritby the author, only skims the surface. It is not a narrative of ual presence-a discovery that personal conversations or experiences; it is not a study of there was something about Jesus the people or the geology, fauna and flora, for the author has that was unextinguishable." We never traversed the ocean and islands of which he writes from think that Dr. Palmer "raises a window overlooking the London River. He gives a rapid sur- more questions than he satisvey of the Pacific, its islands and discoveries; tells something of fies." S. M. Z. how the islands were formed; recounts stories of w h a I e s, Whither sharks and other fish and ex- Chinese Youth Today plains the importance of the Pacific and of the Panama Canal. Read the Graphic Story He tells some thrilling tales of shipwrecks and p ira t e s, but A YOUNG REVOLUTIONIST seems never to have heard of the adventures and achievements of BY PEARL S. BUCK the Christian missionaries. He speaks of the New Hebrides but The Author shows the Sdme knowledge of the Chinese dnd the Sdme literdry omits all mention of John G. skill displdyed in "Good Edrth." But this new narrative reveals the influence Paton; mentions Pitcairn Island of Christian Missions. She portrays the modern Chinese youth torn by strife and the crew of the "Bounty" between the old and new, aflame with patriotism, blindly devoted to ideals but does not know how the de- only half understood, groping for a religious fdith and eagerly helping to build generate mutineers were trans- a new China. formed into Bible-loving Christians; he tells of the Hawaiian DO YOU WANT TO RI:AD THIS BOOK? Islands but not of their remark- HI:RI: IS AN UNUSUAL OFFI:R-GOOD UNTIL JUNI: 1st: able regeneration. It is the same with Fij i, Caroline and Marshall A One Year's Subscription to the Review … $2.50} B h f Islands and Samoa. He scarcely A Young Revo Iutl·onl.st. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .75 SoAtY or $2.50 mentions Papua. It is an inter- — 1: • . .75 esting but very inc 0 m pIe t e $3.25 scrapbook on the Pacific. If You Wish the Book in Cloth Add 50 Cents Paths to the Presence of God. By Al- bert W. Palmer, D. D. 105 pp. ——–F—I–L—L_ .. -O._-U—-T—–_C._.O__ ."U.. -P-_.O_–N-_._.–B—I–:_L..O…W. __….A…N…D_-_._-R—I-:–T–U—_R._N——-A-._T- ….O…N—_C.. I: $1.00. The Pilgrim Press. Boston, Mass. MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING COMPANY Ddte ……….. .

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Books Obituary Notes Bishop and Mrs. Brenton T

of the Methodist Board, have returned The Advance Guard. 200 Years of The Rev. Dr. Melancthon G. G. to America. Bishop Badley expects Moravian Missions, 1732-1932. 95 Scherer, Secretary of the United Lu- to give a series of missionary ad- pp. Is. Moravian Book Room. theran Church in America, died in dresses. London. New York City on March 9th. He was born in Catawba County, North *** The Miraj Medical Mission. Sir Will- Carolina, March 16, 1861, and from iam J. Wanless. $1.50. Revell. 1914 to 1918 was president of the The Rev. John Ritchie is at work New York. United Synod of the Evangelical Lu- again in Lima, having accepted the theran Church. He was an able the- charge of the Upper Andes Agency of Do You Remember Sinclair Steven- ologian, an excellent counselor, de- the American Bible Society. Mr. son? Margaret Stevenson. Illus. voted leader, and a staunch friend. Ritchie has been spending a few weeks 257 pp. 6s. Blackwell. Oxford. in London. Miss Harriet Riddell, pioneer in Wilbur B. Stover. Pioneer Mission- work among Japanese lepers, died '* * * ary. J. E. Miller. 208 pp. Bret}1- February 3d, in her 77th year. Miss ren Pub. House. Elgin, Ill. Hiddell had completed more than 40 Mr!'1. Robert E. Speer, President of years of service in Japan and was the National Board of the Young I. Lillias Trotter. Lalla Lili, Founder twice decorated by the Japanese gov- Women's Christian Association for of the Algiers Mission Band. ernment. Last year she received a the last twelve years, has retired Blanche A. F. Pigott. Illus. 245 gift from the Empress Dowager, with from office, but will continue on the pp. Marshall, Morgan & Scott. the promise of an annual grant for board of directors. Mrs. Frederic M. London. years to follow. Paist, of Wayne, Pa., the new presi- dent, has been a member of the Na- Doctor Vanderkemp. A. D. Martin. Dr. George M. Fowles, ·from 1!113 tional Board and presiding officer of 2s 6d. 195 pp. Livingston Press, to 1924 the Treasurer of the Board five of the organization's national London. of Foreign Missions of the Methodist conventions. Mrs. Paist is the sister Episcopal Church, died of a heart at- of Dr. Ray Lyman Wilbur, Secretary Journal of Thomas Williams. Mis- tack at his home in New York City of the Interior. sionary in Fiji, 1840-185:3. 2 vols. ·on March 30th. Dr. Fowles was born Illus. 42s. 606 pp. C. C. Hender- fifty-five years ago, was a graduate *** son. Angus & Robertson. Sydney. of Boston University School of The- ology and at the time of his death Dr. W. W. Yen, Chinese Minister at Missions in the Church of the Breth. was President of the Foundation for Washington, is a member of the Prot- reno Their Development and Effect Human Welfare. estant Episcopal Church. Upon the Denomination. Elgin S. Moyer. 301 pp. $2.50. Brethren The Rev. Thomas H. Clough, for *** Pub. House. Elgin, Ill. thirty·seven years a missionary to the Seneca Indians on the Cattaraugus Mr. R. A. Adams, for 25 years sec- Japan. Some Phases of Her Problems Reseryation, Cattaraugus County, N. retary of the Bombay branch of the and Development. Inazo Nitobe. Y., died on March 2, at his home in British and Foreign Bible Society, has 398 pp. 18s. Benn. London. Buffalo. retired from that office. During his reriod of service the Bible distribution International Commission of Enquiry Mr. Clough was in charge of the ill Western India has greatly in- in Liberia. 129 pp. $1.25. League Church of the Good Shepherd and the creased. of Nations. Geneva. Church of the Redeemer on the Seneca Reservation and of St. Andrew's * * ;of! Gold Coast at a Glancl'. Cameron C. Church, Irving, New York. Alleyne. 143 pp. $1. Hunt Print- Dr. Samuel M. Zwemer, Editor of ing Co. New York. He would take no remuneration for The Moslem World, sailed for Europe his services, though his resources on April 15th and expects to return Tribes of the Niger Delta. Their Re- were meager. In his later years he to America July 22nd. He is to give ligions and Customs. P. Amaury became nearly blind and nearly deaf, addresses at the May missionary Talbot. 350 pp. 18s. Sheldon but still continued to perform such meetings in London and has similar Press. London. parts of the service as he could from engagements in Liverpool, Ipswich, memory. Cambridge, York, Scotland, Ireland, Racial Segregation in South Africa. Prance and Germany. In America he An Apneal. W. Aidan Cotton. 158 *** is to address conferences at Massan- pp. 2s 6d. Sheldon Press. London. etta Springs, Grove City, and Stony Personal Items Brook.

(Continued /1'om 2d Cover) IMunshi Ganeshi Lal Brown America. The Story of aNew Prof. Erling Eidem, who has. been I ~ and Son Race. Edwin R. Embree. 311 pp. chosen to succeed the late Archbishop $2.50. Viking Press. New York.· Soderblom, was New Testament pro- I 9 Drummond Road, Agra, India fessor in the University of Lund. The Mexican Immigrant. His Life- Constitutionally, the Archbishop is i. Dealers in story. 288 pp. $5. University of also the president of the Swedish Chicago Press. Chicago. Church Mission. The new archbishop I Indian Curios, Jewelry and long ago published a series of ar- Liberalism in Mexico, 1857·1929. Wil- ticles entitled, "Biblical Missionary , Photographs frid H. Callcott. 410 pp. $5. Stan- Thoughts" in the Svenska Kyrkans ford University Press. Stanford. Missionstidning which attracted wide By Appointment to His Excellency attention. He also took a leading The Governor of United Provinces Mexico. A Study of Two Americas. part in the new translation of the Stuart Chase. 338 pp. $3. Mac- Bible into Swedish. write for prices or millan. New York. Send For Sample 100 Rupee Box *** Haiti Under American Control, 1915· of Interesting Curios 1930. Arthur C. Millspaugh. 253 Dr. J. S. Ryang, general superin-. pp. $2.50. World Peace Founda- tendent of the Korean Methodist They Make Wonderful Gifts tion. Boston. Episcopal Church, will attend Gen- eral Conference at Atlantic City in All Joods carefully Pdcked dnd Porto Rico. A Caribbean Isle. R. J. May. Dr. Ryang is a graduate of shippe prepaid. Van Deusen and E. K. Van Deusen. Vanderbilt University and Yale Di- 342 pp. $3.50. Holt. New York. vinity School. Send pdyment by Postal or Express Order

Christ Known to

The Good News of the Way, the Truth and the Life through Christ is interpreted to Moslems through the Literature published in Arabic, Turkish, Persian, Urdu, Panjabi, Chinese and other languages spoken by Moslems in all parts of the world. You can help to supply this much needed Christian literature for millions who have never heard this Good News-in Egypt Palestine Malaysia Morocco Turkey China Algiers Arabia Java Irak Sumatra Tunis Persia South Africa Syria India You may not be able to go but you can help the missionaries in these countries through The American Christian Literature Society for Moslems This Society does not send missionaries but cooperates with the Nile Mission Press and Interdenominational Committees on the field.

BOARD OF MANAGERS William 1. Chamberlain, Ph.D., President Dr. Robert E. Speer, Delavan L. Pierson, of New York, Vice-Presidents Mrs. William Bancroft Hill, Honorary Vice-President Mrs. William Borden Rev. Ernest W. Riggs Dr. James Cantine, Cor. Sec. Rev. Robert W. Searle, D.D. Rev. Thomas S. Donohugh Rev. A. C. Snead Mrs. J. M. Montgomery Mrs. Finley J. Shepard Mrs. E. E. Olcott, Treas. Rev. Mills J. Taylor, D.D. Dr. John H. Raven Rev. S. M. Zwemer, D.D.

Gifts may be sent to The Treasurer at 116 East 68th St., New York City.

Apply for information and literature to The Moslem World, 156 Fifth Ave., New York.

The Missionary Review of the World — July 1912

IN THE ISLANDS OF THE

THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS (belonging to the United States) number 1,72 5 islands with an area of 122,000 square miles (three times the size of New York) and a popUlation of about 7,000,000 (the size of New York State). Ten Societies are at work there witli 167 foreign missionaries and 880 native workers. Protestant Church-members number 40,000 with as many more adherents. The remainder are Roman Catholics, Moslems and Pagans.

AUSTRALIA and NEW ZEALAND contain about 80,000 Aborigines and other non-Christians. There are 13 societies working among them with 70 missionaries and 265 native workers. The Christian converts number 4,000 and the other adherents 24,000. Those among whom missionary work is done are Aborigines, Maoris, Chinese and Polynesians.

MELANESIA includes the islands of New Hebrides, Banks Islands, Santa Cruz and Solomon Islands. (Sometimes New Guinea and Bismarck Archipelago are induded.) Some of these Islands are now Christian. There are 280 missionaries under 16 societies, with 3,070 native workers. Converts number 24,000 with 87,000 other Christian adherents..

MICRONESIA includes the Caroline Islands, Guam, Marshall and Gilbert Islands and Ratak Group. There are only three Societies at work with 32 missionaries and 130 native workers. Church-members number 8,000 and other adherents, 10,000.

POLYNESIA includes Hawaii (Christian), Fiji, Tonga (or Friendly) Samoa, Cook (or Hervey) Austral (or Tubuai), Tuamoto (or Low Archipelago), Ellice, Phoenix, Manihiki, Marquesas, Society (Tahiti) and other scattered islands. Some of these are under control of the French and allow no Protestant mission work. There are 8 Protestant Societies with 170 missionaries and 5,000 native workers. Church-members number 70,000 and other adherents, 96,000 other Protestant Christians.

THE TOTAL POPULATION OF OCEANIA is about 875,000 and the area of inhabited Islands (not including Australia, New Zealand, New Guinea or Malaysia and the Philippines) is 58,818 square miles. New Zealand, Australia and New Guinea contain altogether about 736,000 Aborigines and Kanakas. Malaysia (see statistics in MISSIONARY REVIEW for May) contains about 900,000 square miles and a population of 40,000,000.

There are still in the Islands of the Sea (not including Malaysia) over 1,000,000 pagans-untouched by the Gospel.

MISSIONARY SCENES IN THE PACIFIC

1. Building a House in Samoa. 10. ~~for:,~sn <i:Gnjn ~~~ri~:i1ippines. 2. Baptism in the Philippines. 3. A bamoan Varrior. II.

t ~~~~t}fo~~~ui~ iNe~aGi~l~ea. 12. Christian Church in Tonga.

6. A South Sea Island Belle. 13. A Tahiti Warrior and Shield. 7. Christian New Hebrides Teacher. 8, li(issionary Launch in Fiji. 14. The Un ion Church in Honolu1u.

9. Aborigines' Hut in Australia. 15. Christian Teachers in Caroline Islands.

16. Plowing in the Philippines.

17. Native Home in New Britain.

18. Australian Aboriginal Woman and Child.

Missionary

® of the World ~ VOL. xxxv. No.7. JULY, 1912 VO!.. xxv. No.7. Old Series New Series Signs of the· Times RELIGIOUS LIBERTY IN THE sume an attitude of partizanship PHILIPPINES which may be offensive to any por- tion of the population; he is forbid- THE provincial law in the Philip- den to engage in any religious propa- pines stipulates that "no teacher ganda in such manner as to divorce himself from the sympathies of the or other person shall teach or criti- people." cize the doctrines of any church, religious sect or denomination, or shall This new rule removes the feeling attempt to influence the pupils for or of restriction upon such ordinary inagainst any church or religious sect, dividual liberty as a teacher would in any public schoo1." Regulations have for personal religious preferpromulgated under this act seemed ences in any community of the United to interfere with religious liberty in States. forbidding teachers to attend and aid Protestant missions in their commu- A CHINESE CHRISTIAN CHURCH nities. RECENTLY there assembled at St. The new service manual of the John's University, Shanghai, bish- Philippine educational bureau, just published, omits the former objec- ops and delegates from seven English, tionable warning against teaching in three American and one Canadian Sunday-schools and other strictly Episcopal dioceses, who met in conferpersonal religious activity. It has ence for ten days to affect the organibeen replaced by the following zation of a Chinese Church. The more satisfactory paragraph: "The meeting marked an important era inl government respects all religions, the history of English and American wars with none, favors none, teaches Episcopalian missions in China. Rev.. none. No restrictions are placed L. H. Littell, writing of it in the Livupon a teacher's right to worship in ing Church, says: accordance with the dictates of his conscience, whether in private or The missions will still carryon their public, in the church of his choice. evangelistic, educational, and philan- The teacher, however, shall not as- thropic work, but the Christians of our Church, pow numbering over 28,000, will be members no longer of three * The editors seek to preserve accuracy and to manifest the spirit of Christ in the pages of this REVIEW~ but do not acknowledge responsibility for opinions exprest, or positions taken by contributors to signed articles in these pages. -EDITORS. foreign churches, but of an indigenolls langnage-a fact of which Japanese Christians are heartily ashamed-bechurch, another of those national cause the "licensed quarter" flourishes in Japan as in no other country of the churches, which are linked together, world. It is true that laws which looked toward gradual suppression of loosely as regards organization, but these licensed quarters in the large cities, in Tokyo, Osaka and other tightly as regards family relationship, cities, were passed in 1883, but these laws remained dead letters. The Yoshiin that confederation of churches wara in Tokyo, destroyed in April, I9II, was speedily rebuilt. A destrucknown as the Anglican Communion. tive fire in Osaka, in 1909, wiped out nearly 15,000 dwellings, among them The resultant church will not be bound a considerable number of "bad" houses. Japanese citizens, Christian by the sentiments of the three differ- and heathen, started an agitation against the rebuilding of these houses, ent foreign churches, but will be free, but their success was only partial, be- cause a species of "chaya" was built, in within the broad principles of the which courtezans were not allowed to live, but where they were invited as Anglican Communion, to adopt its own "guests" from other districts. An- other fire started recently in a "licharacteristic color. It will be guided, censed quarter" of Osaka, and, con- suming 142 of the lowest of licensed of course, by conformity to that par- houses, drove out 1,400 of the girls. Then the Christian forces of the city ticular type of Christian doctrine, wor- united in a purity campaign, and, aided by the newspapers, gained a complete ship and discipline, known as Angli- victory. The government issued an order on February 5, 1912. that no lican, the famous "quadrilateral" will cense should be issued for the' continu- ance of the evil business in the burnt be maintained, its principles being in- area, and the Minister of the Home Department, the Governor, the Chief corporated into the preamble of the of Police, and the newspapers declared themselves against a new locality. articles of constitution, and that gen- Purity Association (Kakusei Kwai) eral type of liturgical worship which of nearly a thousand members has now been formed in Osaka for the entire is so well known will doubtless char- suppression of government aid to this vile traffic, and for a campaign of eduacterize the Chinese Church. But cation looking to the awakening to the terrible loss of the nation 111 the·' within these broad limits she will be depletion of its women. It is to co- free; free, if she wishes, to be more democratic in government, to give more liberty or to add more ceremony to acts of worship, or to tighten the bonds of discipline so long relaxed in the home church.

Following are some of the most im- portant statistics of the Anglican mis- sions in China: Total number of missionaries.. . . . . . . . . . . . 611 Chinese clergy. . .. . .. .. . .. . . . . .. . . . . . . . . 101 Chinese lay catechists. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 358 Chinese doctors, men and women…….. . . 29 Chinese school teachers……………… 659 Total number of Chinese missionaries… . . 1,400 Total number of Chinese at present in training jnstitutions for various depart- ments of missionary work … ,………. 440 BaptiLed Christians ………………… 28.561 Number of churches and mission stations.. 842 FIGHT FOR SOCIAL PURITY IN JAPAN THERE are indirect results of Chris- tianity in Japan that are as far reaching as the conversion of individuals. The Japanese word "Yoshiwara" has passed into the English

OF THE

operate yith a similar organization in they should make them feel that their Tokyo. seeking to win them to Christ was a mere pretense. After a meeting in a SIGNS OF DAWN IN INDIA village in the Delhi district, and care- ful questioning of the inquirers, Bishop T HE practises of social and so- Warne baptized more than roo. While the baptisms were going on, men and called religious life in India are women came running from the fields the stronghold of Hinduism, and with with tools in hand, because they had the falling of caste it will, humanly heard there was an opportunity for speaking, quickly surrender to the at- baptisms. In other villages the same tack of the messengers of the Gospel. movement towards Christianity is go- We are, therefore, encouraged when ing on. Shrines are being destroyed, we see signs of weakening of the caste and men and women ask, "What hin- system. The most important of these ders us to be baptized?" It is said was the introduction of a special mar- that if there were sufficient men and riage bill to the Viceroy's Council by money to man this district, not less a Hindu, Mr. Basu, a short time ago. than 1,000 baptisms would occur dur- Its aim was the legalization of mar- ing the year. riages between Hindus of different castes and persons of different re- THE BATTLE AGAINST ISLAM ligions. IN AFRICA All over India meetings were held, WEare not alarmists, but believe either in support of or in opposition . in facing the facts. It is true to the proposed legislation. In Bom- bay a number of prominent native that Islam is the greatest foe of Chris- gentlemen, and even three Hindu tianity in Africa. Rev. Stephen Kun- ladies, spoke in behalf of the bill which, decha, himself a native African, has if enacted, would shake the caste sys- been head native teacher and evangel- tem to the center. One of the rea- ist at Domasi, in Southern N yasaland, sons brought forward in favor of the from very early days in the history bill was the hope that with the relaxa- of the Church of Scotland Mission tion of· caste many who have left Hin- there. Thus, he is able to grasp thor- duism would return to it. oughly one of the most pressing ques- tions affecting, humanly speakin~ the The Viceroy's Council has not prospects of Christianity in Africa, the passed the bill, the opposition from the question of Mohammedanism, and we conservative forces in Hinduism being have read with much interest an article too strong. But the fact that such a written by him for Life and Work, on bill was introduced, and introduced by Mohammedanism in Nyasaland. a Hindu, shows the telling effect which Christian teaching is beginning Kundecha frankly acknowledges to have in India. that in his district Mohammedanism is more rapidly growing than in former The Methodist missionaries in years. In all the large villages Northern India, especially near Delhi, mosque have been erected, and on Frihave adopted a conservative policy days many people are wont to go to with reference to baptisms, and have those spots, where there are teachers, .established more rigid conditions, yet they baptized 1,300 people in 1911, lest

for prayer. All these teachers receive rivals are still fighting for the mas- their commission from the leaders, who tery. There the missionaries are still are either in Fort Johnston or Fort at their posts of duty, but the unrest Mangoche districts (a little north of and unsecurity of life and property are Domasi). making life hard and aggressive work But, says Kundecha, only the minor- still more dffiicult. The Roman Catho- ity of these followers of Islam know lic leaders fear to loose power with what Mohammedanism really is. the government, and appear to be stir- Many, when they find out its meaning, ring up strife.

grumble quite openly that they did not A missionary located in San Luis know it before they became Moham- Potosi writes: "The political situa- medans, otherwise they would not have tion continues to be a guessing game.

entered. Some of these grumblers The papers report a battle of five come to the missionaries to have their hours in the state of Chihuahua. A Mohammedanism "removed," and they football game can show better results.

go away comforted after prayer and The st:lte of Chihuahua has an inde- explanation. pendent government now, and it is In this battle with Mohammedanism a serious question whether Madero the influence for good of the mission can ever subdue it. San Luis Potosi schools is clearly seen. In the last i" quiet, but trouble has broken out in eight years Kundecha has known of the Huasteca in the state, as well as in only two pupils who have become Mo- other places. Quite a number of hammedans, and it is quite a common Americans have returned to the United thing for Mohammedan parents, not States, mostly women and children.

wishing their children to be Moham- The great danger is from riots. If the medans, to send them to the schools smelter and mines near here have to that they be instructed in Christianity. close down, this will leave idle a large It is a strange fact that almost only number of men, and may cause trouble.

the children of those Mohamrnedan There is plenty of enthusiasm in pa- parents who are far away from a mis- rades and meetings, but when it comes sion or its schools, embrace Moham- to the fight to save the country, the medanism. Everywhere the mission- bubble breaks. The threat has been ary schools are bringing about a made here that if intervention comes, friendlier attitude of Mohammedans the first thing will be to assault every toward Christians. The tone of Rev. American women here. There are Kundecha's whole article is distinctly some mighty serious scores against h( peful. this republic already for their treat- L THE SITUATION IN MEXICO ment of Germans, Spaniards and Chi- nese. "

ATIN-AMERICAN republics are The missionary work of itineration in a constant state of unstable is hindered, but not entirely stopt by equilibrium. Paraguay is in the throes the disturbed condition of the country.

of civil war, and 3,000 men have been The normal schools, while hampered reported killed since January. Poverty in many ways, are still carrying on and suffering are prevalent. Cuba is in their work, even if under difficulties.

danger of a revolution, and in Mexico One of the missionaries longest in

service, who has had many years' ex- ligious purposes, and, taking this on perience traveling in all parts of the as an extra, joined him in the cam- republic, and well acquainted with the paign. Soon they had provided for Mexican characteristics, writes: all of the seven.

"The political situation in Mexico is Then Mr. Shane and his associates most threatening. AIl kinds of rumors decided to arouse the Board. They are floating about, and it looks very used diagrams, figures, cartoons, and bad for the near future. A very great clear-cut arguments. The results were number of the American families have surprizing, and the conservative gone this year who did not leave dur- United Presbyterian denomination ing the Madero revolution. The situa- was thoroughly aroused. With di- tion is much worse now, as it is bor- rect, traceable financial returns of 600 dering on anarchy in many parts of per cent. from the campaign, it was the country, and it looks as tho the decided to form a publicity cam- government had lost its grip." paign as a part of the Church's Apart from the question of personal method of raising money for mission- safety, or the safety of wife and chil- ary work.

dren, the care and anxiety for the Other denominations have taken up Mexican Christian is a great burden the subject, one interdenominational on the missionaries. The Church in official group planning to spend $50,- the home land should remember in 000 within six months in newspaper prayer Mexico, her missionaries, her advertising. A group of laymen, Christians, her struggle for constitu- with Mr. Shane at the head, has de- tional liberty. cided to spend $50,000 in a year's ADVERTISING MISSIONS display advertising of missions in secular publications. They expect to LAST year seven college- and arrest public attention and direct it seminary-trained young United especially to its humanitarian aspects.

Presbyterians were ready to go to The allied Home Mission Boards of the foreign field. But the Board had the United States hqve aJready been no funds to send them out, and their in conference in N ew York over a life purposes seemed thwarted. A d.efinite plan for spending $50,000 in a Philadelphia layman, Mr. Shane, short-term pUblicity campaign this head of a large flour business, took year. In connection with the Men up the advertising of the case entirely and Religion Congress in New York at his own expense. The work was recently, a Publicity Commission has done skilfully, but anonymously, or made a scientific study of the whole under the pseudonym of "George subj ect of the churches and the news- Christopher." Whole pages, some- papers. Among its members were times even double pages, were used. experts in newspaper advertising, as Pictures of the seven were printed- well as publishers and editors, and once in inverted position and scat- questionaires were sent out to all the tered over two pages under the cap- newspapers in the land having more tion, "All Upset." A few other men, than 5,000 circulation, to a large num- all like Mr. Shane, having devoted al- ber of clergymen, and to representa- ready a tenth of their income to re- tive laymen all over the Continent.

An investigation into the status of the the languages of the mission field, esreligious press was also made, and the pecially of the German colonies. matter of paid advertisements by churches was thoroughly studied. All A language school is to be opened the findings will be printed in the re- at Nanking, China. By joint action port of the Congress. of missionaries representing more than a score of societies and boards at work Thus we seem to be on the eve in the Yangtze Valley, the University of a great magazine and newspaper of Nanking has been requested to open advertising campaign for religion in such a school, and the trustees of the general and for missions, both for- institution, both in China and the eign and domestic, in particular. Let United States have voted to indorse us not run the risk of forgetting. the plan. Thus, this new department Matt. 9:38. will be opened next autumn and mis- sionary recruits for Central China, al- MISSIONARY TRAINING-SCHOOLS most without difference of nationality INCREASING or denomination, will spend the first year, at least, of their Chinese sojourn I T is announced that a school for at Nanking in an effort to master as much of the Chinese language in one missionary study will be opened in year as average students used to make Lucknow, India, next autumn. Its in two years under the old method of specialty will be the study of Islam private instruction. and the preparation of missionaries for work among Mohammedans. A MISSIONARY CLEARING-HOUSE In Cairo, Egypt a Training School A DECISION has been reached that is to be opened for missionaries to Moslems. Dr. Samuel M. Zwemer of the Federal Council of the Arabia is to be in charge there and Churches of Christ in America shall at the same time will have general act as a clearing-house for the followoversight of the work of the Nile Mis- ing organizations: Laymen's Missionsion Press. He is to take up his work ary Movement, Missionary Education in Cairo in October. Movement, Sunday-school Council of the Evangelical Denominations, The The English Government has pur- International Committee of the Young chased a building in London in which Men's Christian Associations of North it will soon open a School of Oriental America, The International Sunday- Studies. It will be modeled after the school Association, The Denomina- German Oriental Semin:lry in Berlin, tional Brotherhoods, The Young a government institution, and after the People's Societies, and The Gideons. Colonial Institute in Hamburg, a city A conference of the executive secreinstitution. Both German institutions taries, superintendents, and other rephave aided missionary work to a large resentatives of these organizations IS extent by teaching missionaries the called, to plan future work. languages before going out to their fields and by investigating scientifically

A TWICE-BORN BLACK

BY BELLE M. BRA I N, SCHENECTADY, N. Y.

HUNDRED years ago his people received no compensation Africaner, the Hotten- but cruel oppression. They were prac- tot chief, was the tically slaves; their women and chil- scourge of South A f- dren were overworked and ill-treated, nca. Outlawed by the and even the chiefs forced to subsist colony, £100 sterling on the coarsest and scantiest fare.

was offered for his head. He had Vorst of all, there were well-grounded not always been such a monster. The suspicions in the minds of the men injustice and cruelty of a Dutch farmer had made him what he was.

Years before, under his father, the old chief Africaner, his people had roamed, free and unrestricted, over the hills and dales within a hundred miles of Cape Town. But the Dutch settlers had driven them back. Forced to move farther inland, again and again, to make room for newcomers, they at length settled down and be- came subject to a Boer named .Piet Piemaar. Not long after the old chief resigned in favor of his eldest son, Jager, a shrewd and capable AFRICANER.. 'IIIE H()TTEN'I'OT CHIE.F young fellow, renowned for his deeds of prowess. that in their absence all was not right As herdsmen of Piemaar's cattle between Piemaar and their women.

the young chief, Jager (the Africaner Incensed by these wrongs, they of our story), and his brothers, Titus, presently asked that they might re- David and Jacobus, proved of great ceive some compensation for their value. As there was constant danger heavy toil, and be permitted to re- from Bushmen pirates who raided move to some spot where they might the cattle, they were trained in the live in peace and quietness. But use of firearms, and kept supplied both these requests were refused.

with guns and ammunition. Matters soon came to a crisis. Be- At first ~11ey were instructed to act ing a sort of justice of peace for the on the defem,ive only. But presently, district, Piemaar one day received in- finding how expert they were in re- formation that the Bushmen had stolen capturing stolen cattle, Piemaar be- some cattle from a neighboring farm, gan to play the same game as the and ordered his men to go and re- Bushmen, and sent them off on plun- store them. But, having received in- dering expeditions against defenseless formation that the whole thing was a natives farther inland. For this train- ruse to get them away, they refused ing in predatory warfare the whole to obey.

region soon paid very dear. Order after order was sent down In return for all this, Africaner and to their huts during the day, but all

to no purpose. At nightfall, greatly why Berend so persistently molested enraged, Piemaar ordered them to ap- him. When he discovered that it was pear at his doorstep. With a vague done at the instigation of the Boers fear in their hearts they obeyed. Ti- and for the purpose of selling him tus, the second brother, not knowing into the hands of his enemies, his what might happen, took his gun with rage knew no bounds. Marching to him, concealing it behind his back in the borders of the colony, he mur- the darkness. dered a Bastard Hottentot and a Boer At the house, when Jager began named Engelbrecht, and raided the mounting the steps, Piemaar, who farm of the latter.

stood at the top, struck him a heavy From now on he was the terror of blow, and threw him down headlong. the entire region. "For fear of his At this, Titus took his gun from con- approach," said a Namaqua chief to cealment and aiming it at the farmer, Robert Moffat long after, "I have shot and killed him. Entering the fled with my people, our wives, and house, where Mrs. Piemaar was our babes, to a mountain glen or the shrieking and pleading for mercy, wilderness, and spent nights among they told her not to be afraid-all bea.sts of prey rather than fall into they wanted was guns and ammuni- his hands." A single instance will tion. When these were given them suffice to show his cruelty. Having they went away and made no further robbed some natives, they sent to him trouble. But in the night two of asking if he would not restore a few Piemaar's children, overcome with of their cows, as their children were terror, left the house and were killed starving. He agreed to do so if they by two Bushmen who had long been would come and get them. But when seeking an opportunity for revenge. they arrived he ordered some of them The colonial government, aided by shot, and tying others to trees, had the farmers, at once took steps to their tongues cut out and their limbs avenge the murders. Rewards were hacked and mutilated.

offered, and search parties were sent His bitterest foe was Berend Be- out. But Jager, rallying the remnants rend, and the strife between the two of his people, fled across the Orange chiefs and their people was almost River to Great Namaqualand, beyond continuous. A striking incident which the confines of the colony. Here, occurred during a desperate struggle settling on territory ceded to him by between Titus Africaner and Berend's a Namaqua chief, he dared his ene- brother, Nicholas, shows how deadly mies to come and molest him. it was. The two young men had been Foiled in their purpose, the Boers engaged for hours in taking and re- now bribed Berend Berend, chief of taking a herd of cattle, neither being a tribe of Bastard Hottentots living able to score a decisive victory. Aided in the vicinity, to assist them. The by the bushes and the cattle, they had result was a series of bitter conflicts kept out of one another's sight until between Berend and the Africaners a sudden break in the herd brought which lasted for a number of years them at last face to face. Each in- and caused no little bloodshed. stantly raised his rifle and pulled the At first Jager could not understand trigger; but just at that instant, a

IDI2] AFRICANER, A TWICE-BORN BLACK

cow darting in, received both balls ricaner carne occasionally to listen to in the center of her body and fell their teachings. And, at his request, over dead! This peculiar deliverance they went, several times, to preach deeply imprest both the young men. at his kraal. But his visit~ soon In after years Moffat heard the story, ceased. Moved either by fear or by and whenever he referred to it Titus always said: "Mynheer knows how to use the only hammer which makes my ha rd heart feeL"

In January, 1806, a little band of pioneers sent by the London l'vli ssion- ary Society under the leadership o f the heroic brothers, Christian and Abraham Albrecht, crossed the Orange River to plant the Gospel in Nama- quala nd.

On the way up from Cape Town they had suffered incredible hard- ships, nearly dying from hunge r and thirst, and now a new danger threat- ened them. Halting for a brief peri- od while in search of a permanent location, they found themselves in close proximity to Africaner, who soon paid them a visit. But from Africaner, at this time, they had nothing to fear. "As you are sent by ROB}<~K'r MOFFAT' the English, I welcome you to the country," he said. "Tho I hate the jealousy, the natives at Warm Bath Dutch, who opprest me, I love the objected to his coming, and the mis- English. I have always heard that sionaries, to their great sorrow, saw they are the friends of the poor black him no more. But the seed sown in man." his heart was not lost. He had gained So deeply was he imprest with the some conception of the truth, tho it sincerity of the Albrechts that he sent was vague and uncertain. He spoke his children to be taught, and hear- of it afterward as a time when he ing th at they were seeking a perma- "saw men as trees walking."

nent site, urged them to stay where Not long after, through no fault of they were. But this did not seem theirs, his kindly feeling for the mis- best to them. The region was wild sionaries was changed to bitter ha- and desol ate and poorly supplied with tred.

water, and they presently removed to Being in need of a new wagon, he Warm Bath, a hundred miles to the had commissioned Hans Drayer, a west, where they established their sta- Hottentot, to go to Cape Town and tion. purchase it for him. Being an out- Here, to their great surprize, A f- law, he dared not go himself. Hans

was entrusted with three span, or 30 trail of death and destruction in his oxen, 20 to pay for the wagon, and wake, proceeded to Warm Bath. Find- 10 to draw it home. But on the way ing the place deserted, his men bea farmer, to whom he was in debt, gan to search for any articles that seized the whole drove! might have been buried.

Much crestfallen, Hans returned ·While engaged in this work an inhome. On hearing what had hap- cident occurred which was both sad pened, Africaner went to settle with and amusing. One of the men, going' him. Finding him exceedingly inso- into the burying-ground, leapt upon lent and not at all sorry for what had what he supposed to be a new-made happened, he struck him with his grave. Instantly strains of soft murawhide whip. At this Hans seized sic came up from below. What could a gun and leveled it at Africaner- it be? The missionaries had said a rash act which instantly cost him the dead would rise-was this about his life. to take place? Terror-stricken, he stood rooted to the spot, undecided The friends of the murdered man whether to run away or stay and see now sought revenge, and called on the awful sight. The music quickly the people of Warm Bath to help died away. Thinking that perhaps them. This, with a false report that his ears had deceived him, he sumthey had stolen some of his cattle, and moned all his courage and again were aided and abetted by the mis- leapt upon the mound. Instantly ·the sionaries, greatly enraged Africaner same soft sounds came up frol11 beand he vowed venegeance on all con- low! Panic stricken, he fled from cerned in it. the spot, without turning back to sec if the ghost were pursuing. The situation of the missionaries now became alarming. Warm Bath Africaner, fearless alike of living lay in a sandy plain, under the burn- or dead, ordered his men to the spot. ing rays of a tropical sun, and there One after another leapt on the mound, was neither cave nor glen to hide in. and at each leap the same soft sounds For a month they lived in constant came up from below. An order to expectation of being attacked, their dig and discover soon brought the only refuge being square pits, six mysterious musician to view. It was feet deep, which they dug in the Mrs. Albrecht's London piano! sand and covered with the tilt-sails of their wagons. In these they stayed Africaner now took his departure; for nearly a week, literally buried but one of his men, remaining behind, alive and suffering intensely from the set fire to the natives' huts and the great heat and lack of fresh air. missionaries' houses, and the place was soon reduced to dust and ashes. At length, burying most of their possessions in the dry, sandy soil, Notwithstanding all they had sufthey went northward to the base of fered, the missionaries soon returned the Karas Mountains. But finding it and began work at a place they called impossible to settle there, they with- Pella, south of the Orange River. drew to the colony to seek help and About 500 Namaquas from Warm counsel. Bath joined them, but they were a timid people, and even here, across Meanwhile Africaner, leaving a

IZ ] AFRICANER, A TWICE-BORN BLACK MAN 49 I

the river, lived in constant dread of man it would have been nothing, for Africaner. A cloud of dust in the you would soon have died, whether distance always occasioned the great- or no; but you are young, and going est alarm-they were sure it was to become a prey to that monster.'''

Africaner coming to attack them. On January 26, r8I8, when Moffat In October, r812, when the Rev. reached the kraal, the Ebners were John Campbell, of the London Mis- there to greet him, but it was more sionary Society, who had come to than an hour before Africaner put in inspect the various stations, journeyed his appearance. "Are you the mis- from the Cape to Namaqualand, he sionary sent by the London Mission- found the same fear in every village, ary Society?" was his first question.

and afterward can fest that "he and "Yes," was Moffat's reply. This his retinue were never so afraid in seemed to satisfy him, and he said, their lives." "You are young; I hope you will While at Pella, Mr. Campbell sent live long with me and my people."

presents to Africaner, and a concilia- Calling his women, he ordered them tory letter. A favorable reply being to build him a house. In half an hour received, Christian Albrecht went to they had it all ready! It was a frail see him, remaining four days preach- structure, in shape like a bee-hive, ing and teaching. As a result, Af- with a single opening large enough ricaner asked for a missionary, and to crawl in, yet Moffat lived in it Mr. Ebner, a coworker at Pella, was nearly six months.

sent to begin work at the kraal. It did not take him long to dis- In a short time, to the surprize cover the lack of harmony between of everyone, Africaner and two of the missionary and the people. Not his brothers, David and Jacobus, pro- long after his arrival, Titus Africaner, fest conversion, and were baptized. who still hated missionaries, came to But Mr. Ebner was not very wise and the door of Mr. Ebner's hut and be- soon lost the good will of the people. gan heaping abuse upon him. A bit- Such was the state of affairs when ter quarrel ensued, the result of which young Robert Moffat appeared on the was that the Ebners withdrew from scene. He had come to assist Mr. the work.

Ebner, and as the Boers put little Poor young Moffat! alone and in- faith in Africaner's reported conver~ experienced, in the midst of such a sion, there had been dire predictions desperate people, his courage well of the fate that awaited him all the nigh failed. Yet he bravely took up way up from the Cape. "One said the work and ere long was cheered that he would set me up for a mark by many tokens of God's favor.

for his boys to shoot at," says Mof- Gentle, affectionate and deeply spiri- fat; "another, that he would strip off tual, he exerted a peculiar charm over my skin and make a drum of it to Africaner, and the two soon became dance to; another, that he would warm personal friends. Nor was it make a drinking cup of my skull. Africaner only that he won. Even < One kind, motherly lady, wiping the Titus, tho he long withstood the Gos- tears from her eyes, bade me fare- pel, soon came to love him, as did well, saying, 'Had you been an old all the rest.

Africaner took great interest in the mind. "I thought you loved me," he work and became a faithful and said at last, with deep emotion, "and regular attendant at the little school do you advise me to go to the govern- Moffat opened. The New Testament ment to be hung?" Then he added, was his constant companion, and the putting his hand to his head, "Do you great change in him was apparent to not know that I am an outlaw, and all. His interest in the things of that a thousand rix-dollars have been Cod was great and absorbing. Mof- offered for this poor head?" fat tells of seeing him sitting for days at a time, in the shadow of a For three days the matter was pubgreat rock, pouring over the Scrip- licly discussed at the kraal. One aftures. And many a night the two sat ter another came to Moffat, gravely on a stone at the door of Moffat's asking if it were true that he had hut, talking until another day dawned, advised Africaner to go to the Cape. of creation, redemption, and the But at last Africaner decided to go. glories of the heavenly kingdom. When they started, nearly the whole village went with them to the Orange The reality of his conversion could River, half a clay's journey, and the not be doubted. The lion had become parting was very affecting. a Iamb. He who had laughed at human wo now sought in every way To get Africaner safely through to alleviate suffering. He who had the territory of the Boers it was aronce been a firebrand, spreading strife ranged for him to travel in di!'guise, and discord, now became a peace- and whenever necessary, assume the maker, counting no sacrifice too great r()le of .Moffat's servant. "Of two to prevent war and bloodshed. substantial shirts left, I gave him one," says Moffat; "he had a pair of To Moffat it seemed like a miracle. leather trousers, a duffel jacket, much Once, when they were sitting to- the worse for wear, and an old hat, gether, Africaner noticed that the neither black nor white. My own missionary's eyes were fixt on his garb was scarce!y more refined. Luface, and inquired the cause. "I was dicrous as the picture may appear, trying," said Moffat, "to picture to the subject was a grave one, and myself your carrying fire and sword often did I lift my heart to God through the country, and I could not that His Presence might go with think how eyes like yours could smile us. " at human wo." At this Africaner made no reply, but burst into tears. On the way, Africaner had abund- ant opportunity to hear what the In 1819- Moffat found it necessary Boers thought of him. Water being to go to the Cape for supplies. Real- scarce, it was frequently necessary to izing what a barrier to progress it stop at the farms, and everywhere was for Africaner to be an outlaw, Moffat met with a kindly reception. and knowing that the Governor had A report having been spread far and long desired to make peace with him, wide that he had been murdered by he asked the chief to go with him. Africaner, some would scarcely credit his identity. At one house, where At first he made no reply, but the farmer, a truly good man, had stood gazing at the missionary as if shown him much kindness on his way to make sure he was in his right

A TWICE-BORN BLACK MAN

up, a novel scene occurred, which is Africaner!' He started back, look- Moffat relates as follows: ing at him intently. 'Are you Afri- caner?' he asked. The chief arose, "The farmer, seeing a stranger, doffed his old hat, and making a pocame slowly down from the house to lite bow, answered, 'I am.' The farmmeet me. When within a few yards er seemed thunder-struck. iThen he I stretched out my hand. He put had assured himself, by a few queshis hand behind him and asked me, tions, that the former bugbear of the rather wildly, who I was. I replied border stood before him, meek and that I was Moffat, and exprest my lamblike, he lifted up his eyes and wonder that he had forgotten me. exclaimed, '0, God, what a miracle 'Moffat!' he rejoined, in a faltering of Thy power! what can not Thy voice, 'it iE your ghost l' and moved grace accomplish!'" some steps backward. 'Don't come near me ! You have been long mur- At Cape Town Africaner's arrival dered by Africaner.' 'But I am no created a sensation. Many found it ghost,' I said, feeling my hands to hard to believe that this meek and reassure him. But his alarm only in- docile black ma,n, whose Christlike creased. 'Everybody says you were character was apparent to all, was murdered; a man told me he had really the cruel and 1:iloodthirsty chief seen your bones'; and he continued of whose exploits they had heard for to gaze at me, to the astonishment of more than twenty years. His knowlhis wife and children, who stood at edge of the Scripture amazed every the door, and also of my people. one, and his New Testament, worn and thumbed by constant use, was an "At length he extended his tremb- object of very great interest. ling band, saying, 'When did you rise from the dead?' As he feared my Everywhere he was accorded the presence might alarm his wife, we kindest of treatment. The Governor moved toward the wagon, and I told not only fully pardoned him and gave him of the change in Africaner, say- him a passport to insure his safe reing, 'He is now a truly good man.' turn home, but expended the troo To this he replied, 'I can believe al- that had been set on his head, in purmost anything you say, but that I chasing a wagon and other gifts for can not credit; there are seven won- himself and his people. den; in the world, that would be the eighth.' By this time we were stand- On the way home an incident ocing with Africaner at our feet. The curred that shows how completely he farmer then said, 'If it is true, I had changed. At Tulbach, a woman, have only one wish, and that is to unable to forget the past, followed see him before I die; and when you him along the public street, heaping return, as sure as the sun is over us, abuse upon him and screaming at the T will go with you to see him, tho top of her voice. In the old days he killed my own uncle.' he would have struck her down dead, but now he bore her torrent of abuse "I was not aware of this fact, and without a word of protest. A large hesitated whether to disclose to him crowd, attracted by the noise, folthe object 'of his wonder; but know- lowed him to his wagon, but his only ing his sincerity, I said, 'This, then, word was, "This is hard to bear; but

it is part of my cross and I must was over between them, and they take it up." joined in a service of praise and prayer, kneeling at the same stool to As Mr. Campbell, who had re- offer their petitions. cently arrived from England with Dr. Philip, for a second tour of in- When Moffat took leave of Afrispection, insisted on Moffat's accom- caner it was with the hope of soon panying them, he could not return seeing him again. But it proved to be a with Africaner as he had planned. last farewell. Less than two years Nor did he ever again work at his after, in March, 1823, God called kraal, being assigned to another sta- the chief home. tion where it was hoped Africaner would join him. To the last he remained true to his Master. When the end was approach- Less than a year later, when the ing he called his people together and deputation was at Lattakoo (after- gave them wise words of counsel. ward Moffat's station), Africaner "My former life is stained with came, bringing some books and ar- blood," he said in closing, "but Jesus' ticles of furniture Moffat had bought Christ has pardoned me, and I am at the Cape and given into his care. going to heaven. Oh! beware of He had been very faithful to his falling into the same evils into which trust, and Moffat was rejoiced to see I have frequently led you; seek God his old friend. and He will be found of you to direct you." As Mr. Campbell was about to return to England, Africaner accom- Thus ended the career of this nopanied the party as far as Daniel's torious outlaw. Surely, he was a Kuil. Here he met his old foe, Berend twice-born man. Nothing less than a Berend, now like himself, a faithful rebirth by the Spirit of God could follower of Christ. All animosity have so changed him.

THE SINEWS OF WAR BY REV. SAMUEL M. ZWEMER, D.D.,F.R.G.S.

HERE is no doubt that Paul was right when he said: "The weapons of our warfare are not car- IITJ the great work of mis- nal," but, nevertheless, it is a Christian sions to which Christ warfare. The very terms we use in calls His Church is a speaking of missions prove it. The great Christian war- Forward Movement, an aggressive fare. Some have ob- campaign, recruits, reenforcements, jected that this figure of speech which the force in the field, the strategic depicts the "Christian hosts as an centers of activity-what do these army with banners making an on- words mean if they do not mean warslaught upon the besieged fortress of fare, and these words were not an heathenism" is out of harmony with invention, but a revelation. The first the life of Him whom the angels promise to the human race was a heralded as the Prince of Peace. promise of war; "I will set enmity There is no doubt that the Apostle

VIEWS OF MISSIONS. ,,yHrCH IS YOURS?

VIEW ~ .~ No.1 /.c. u.s.

~ "Jerusalem and In all Judea and in Samaria."

"The uttermost parts of the Earth."

"Go ye Into ALL THE WORLD and preach the Go~vel to every creature" From The Missiv"..ry Surve;;.

between the seed of the woman and nant, but rampant; Buddhism and thy seed," and this warfare between Islam are aggressive and the nonthe powers of darkness and the pow- Christian faiths are doing their utmost ers of light has been going on ever to fight Christianity with its own since. We wrestle not against flesh weapons. Compromise has never yet and blood, but against the principali- won the day; but where the banner ties and powers of this world-dark- of the Cross has been displayed, there ness, against spiritual wickedness. have been unconditional surrenders Weare told to fight the good fight and glorious victories. The work of of faith, to put on the whole armor of missions is a Christian warfare. We God, and Jesus Christ Himself as- know it from the vision of victory sured us that for this purpose was which John the Apostle saw on Patthe Son of God manifested-that He mos: "And I saw the heavens opened; might destroy the works of the devil. and beheld a white horse, and he that "I come not to send peace on the sat thereon, called Faithful and True, earth, but a sword." Charles Kings- and in righteousness he doth judge ley felt it when he wrote: and make war: And his eyes are a flame of fire and upon his head are God! fight we not within a cursed world, many diadems, and he hath a name Whose very air teems thick with leagued written which no one knoweth but he himself. And he is arrayed in a fiends? garment sprinkled with blood, and his Each word we speak has infinite effects; name is called the Word of God. And Each soul we pass must go to heaven or the armies which are in heaven fol- lowed him upon white horses." It hell- was Bishop Heber who interpreted And this our one chance through eternity that great vision in the greatest of our To drop and die like dead leaves in the missionary hymns-"The Son of God Goes Forth to War." brake! Be earnest, earnest, earnest; mad if thou If missions is a great warfare, and a warfare to the finish, then this great wilt. work to which Christ calls His church Do what thou dost as if the stake were is a work of MEN. The only woman killed in the battle of Gettysburg was heaven Jennie Vade. In a little brick honse, And this thy last deed ere the judgment on the last day of the battle, while preparing to bake bread, she was day. struck by a sharpshooter's bullet. Warfare is a man's work. Even The very hymns we sing, unless among pagans and Moslems the brunt they stand for mere sentiment, are a of the battle has always been borne proof that missions is a warfare: by men and not by women. The Mo- "Onward, Christian Soldiers," "Fight hammedan religion was spread over the good Fight," "Stand Up, Stand three continents within a single cen- Up for Jesus, Ye Soldiers of the tury by the energy and enterprise of Cross," "Am I a Soldier of the Mohammedan warriors and preachers. Cross?" and all the other hymns of the Church militant as sung in the battle of the ages.

Missions is a warfare because of present conditions on the foreign field. The non-Christian religions are drawn up in battle array for the Armageddon of God; Hinduism is no longer stag-

THE SINEWS OF WAR

There were no women's missionary The greatest obstacles to the evansocieties among the Moslems. Shame gelization of the world are not in on us, Christian brethren, if in this Asia and Africa, but they are at warfare for Christ we put the burden home. The present crisis of opporof the conflict and the bulk of the tunity in every Eastern land is a chalbudget on the women of our churches. lenge to our liberality and a trumpet Yet, has it not been true in many places that the women's boards and call to sacrifice and service. "The the women's societies and the women Son of God goes forth to war, who missionaries have outnumbered the follows in His train?" It is the same men and their work? Is there not clear note that rang out on Olivet: some truth ill the parody of the poet: "Go ye unto all the world and preach the gospel." That word was spoken rn the world's hroad field of battle, in to a company of MEN. It was a call to manly heroism, to manly deter- the bivuac of life, mination, to manly enterprise and con- You will find the Christian soldier rep- secration by the Son of Man Himself, who said: "Even as the Father has resented by his wife. sent me, so do I send you."

The women have been moving for- The forward movement in the early ward for the last five decades. They Church was a forward movement of have organized their forces and are men. James and John, Peter and now waiting for the laymen to bring Andrew, Paul and Silas, Barnabas up the reserves. There have been men and Mark, Epaphroditus and Titus, who, through faith and zeal and con- were the leaders of the Laymen's Missecration, have done great things for sionary Movement. When John the the Kingdom, but they have been con- Apostle was too old to mingle in the spicuous because of their fewness. conflict, he said: "I have written unto One-tenth of the men in the Church you, young men, because ye are have been doing nine-tenths of the strong." work. We need a forward movement along the whole line. Mission work Joses Barnabas Jived at Cyprus, is a man's work, a Christian man's forty-five miles from the base of operwork, and every Christian man has a ations, when the forward movement definite right to his share of the for foreign missions first began to "white man's burden." There has go away from Jerusalem. He owned been much talk about a forward move- land, and was probably wealthy, altho ment in many of the churches, yet in a Levite. There was no law or social very few places has this forward regulation enjoining communism, but movement been so rapid as to be in in the excess of his goodness he cared danger of arrest on the highway of not for precedent. He had faith in God for exceeding the speed limit. The the enterprise and, being a landowner, fact is, we have not begun to use knew values. Being full of the Holy the high gear or to mobilize all our Ghost he knew enthusiasm as well. forces. The reserves at our disposal, So he sold his land and brought his of men and money, of faith and prayer money and laid it at the apostle's feet. and sacrifice, remain practically un- (Afterward he became his own mistouched. sionary and had a parish in Asia.)

Barnabas stuck to the for- feel a sense of personal responsibility ward movement all his days. In I to fulfil the last command of Christ 'Cor. 9 :6, Paul mentions him and im- there will be no lack of the sinews plies that he was still at work, un- of war. Forty years ago Dr. Cham- mal ried, and toiling with his own bers preached a missionary sermon in hands. But he could not have missed one of the New York churches on a his farm much, for tradition relates rainy Sabbath, when there was only that "he became Bishop of Milan, one man in the audience. He made preached in Rome, converted Clement, an appeal for the payment of the de- and died a martyr in Cyprus." He ficit of the Dutch Reformed Board.

was a man who esteemed the interests That deficit amounted to $55,000, and of the cause greater than his personal $11,000 were needed immediately to interests. Who follows in his train? meet the crisis. The smallness of the The problem of missions to-day is audience did not hinder God's Spirit not a problem of generalship or stra- from working through the preacher.

tegic position, but of the sinews of Before he went to bed that night there war. We need to recall the words of . was a ring at the door, and Mr. War- that old warrior, David: "As his part ren Ackerman announced himself as is that goeth down to battle, so shall the only man who had heard the ser- his part be that tarrieth by the stuff. mon on personal responsibility that They shall part alike." We expect morning. He drew out his check-book from our missionaries obedience, sac- and began to write. Dr. Chambers rifice, vigilance, and absolute faith- watched him with much anxiety as he fulness to their task. Every criticism wrote. You can imagine his delight of missions which we hear is an in- when 'vVarren Ackerman filled it in direct tribute to the high ideals we for $11,000. "I could not sleep that have formed of the missionary's task. night," said Dr. Chambers, "for very If we expect so much from them, have joy, but early in the morning there they not a right to expect the same was a ring at the door, and there stood from us-equal obedience to the com- Mr. Ackerman, asking me to return mand of our great Captain-some- the check which he had given me the thing of the same spirit of sacrifice previous night. Sitting down, he took and up-to-date knowledge of the facts his check-book and put the figures 5 of missions, to prove our real interest and a second 5." "Now," said Dr.

and a wrestling for victory, as those Chambers, "I know he is coming back who have given their whole lives to because he feels he has given too much the work? and is giving one-half of the total "Are you a1!ured by peace and velvet amount needed." But when the check ease was filled in the amount was $55,000, The chance is yours to seek them the largest single gift ever received by our Board. In such fashion does should you please. a sense of personal responsibility They tempt me not while these my enable men to do exceeding abun- brother men, Crawl up the stairs of pain on bleed- knees. dantly above all that they are able to If once the laymen in our churches ask or think for the Kingdom of God. A MISSION HOUSE AT LAKE HARBO R, BAFFIN'S LAND ITINERATING IN THE ARCTICS BY ARCHIBALD L. FLEMING, LAKE HARBOR, BAFFIN'S LAND HE Eskimo had left the consider himself fortunate if he does not have to harness himself to the mT llission station and sled and do some continuous hauling. s.cattered themselves in Ii ttIe hamlets along the If there has been a heavy fall of northern shores of snow during the night, one man must lIuclson's Strait, so on walk ahead of the team and "break January 2 I st we started on our first trail" by tramping down the snow. missionary journey. This is hard and hot work, even with the thermometer registering sixty to Many imagine that traveling by eighty degrees of frost. When a sled and dog-team is as easy and keen Arctic wind has to be faced pleasant as to go for a drive at home, the reader can perhaps imagine what and that all one requires is to mount on it is like. a comfortable seat, well wrapt in furs, crack a long whip, while the dogs dash vVe rose at 6 A.M ., while the land over snow and ice at the speed of still lay shrouded in darkness, loaded ten miles an haUL In Baffin Land the kumotik (sled), and lasht on the however, or wherever the sea or great boxes with strong thongs to keep stretches of uninhabited country have them in place. The dogs were harto be crossed, the process is very dif- nessed to the traces, and after a few ferent. preliminary cracks of the whip, 25 to 27 feet in length, and shouting to Whenever the snow is unusually the team, we started off down the hill. soft or where a drift or ground ice has to be passed over, one must not At the ground ice all hands had to only get off the sled, but push hard push and shove to get the sled over behind to help the team, and then the rough, jagged ridges, some of which were several feet high and per- a splendid view of the encampment pendicular. called Aulatsevik.

At last we gained the level ice on It was our first glimpse of an Esthe sea, and were soon traveling kimo winter village, and one which along at a fair speed. The team was we shall not soon forget. As we apsmall, but the ice was in splendid con- proached the nearest igloo (snowdition. house), we were met by a pack of dogs, who gave us a noisy welcome. The wind was blowing slightly from Soon the people came running out the north and driving the snow eager to shake hands. It was a slow before it. As we traveled along our process getting round them all, but solitary way there was riot a single by the time we had done so the sign of life except once when a large kumotik was unloaded. raven, with his hoarse croak, passed us in his black, mourninglike coat, Our igloo had been built for us, but which only tended to deepen the feel- had not yet been heated to get a ing with which even the air seemed coating of ice on the walls inside, so to be laden-Desolation. There was that meant a cold night for us. Three something indescribably impressive in women sewed together some old the scene before us. The whole land sacks, and these were pegged up was sheeted in purity, but ever and under the roof in the hope that they anon the scene was changed. would help to keep off the dripping snow. Sometimes we traveled near to the shore, at other times when crossing Some straw which we had brought bays we were far from land. Now with us from an old packing case, we would pass close to some large was laid out, and on top of that iceberg raising its high pinac1es ma- we had one deerskin and our sleepingjestically above the frozen sea, or bag. A koodlil (stone lamp) ~as again, we would skirt some island lighted, and when our impedimenta completely enveloped in its blanket of had been brought in our mansion was snow and its frills of ice. We jour- ready. We surveyed the place with a neyed on our way with only the pe- mixture of feeling. Certainly many culiar rustling of the snow or the horses at home are better housed than occasional bark or snarl from one or we were but that was only the beginother of our team to break the death- ning. Worse was to follow. like silence of these Arctic wilds. Our first food at Aulatsevik was Suddenly, as we rounded a point seal meat stewed in a dirty, old, greasy of land projecting out from the rest, can by one of the Eskimo. But we we noticed on top of a small hill a were very hungry after the long jourtall stone, standing upright, and knew ney, and doubtless that helped it to that our journey was nearly at an go down, for as an old highland shepend. At each encampment such a herd in Scotland once told me, "Hunstone or pile of stones is erected as a ger's guid kitchen." guide to travelers. After this frugal meal we visited In a short time we reached the some of our old friends, who were desummit of the small range of hills lighted to see us and thanked us for forming the coast line, where we had coming.

I2 ] ITINERATING IN THE ARCTICS

On our return we watched the men which must have been built with this and boys playing their games. It was object in view. When the service began a queer sight to see them in the pale the igloo was crowded. It held some 50 moonlight. The boys, like the men, adults, not to mention a dozen or more drest in their thick double reindeer babies in their mothers' hoods. Besuits, looked like balls of fur as they sides those in the igloo proper, a numran and tumbled about in the snow. ber had packed themselves into the sookso (porch). The night was advancing, so we INTERIOR OF AN ESKIMO HOU~E IN WHICH THE ~]SSIONARIES LIVED reluctantly withdrew, and on our way A snowhouse is not intended for back passed several young women sit- this sort of thing, and the presence of ting huddled together in the snow so many raised the temperature very singing hymns from their one hymn- considerably, while the atmosphere bebook. They were learning the words came oppressive and the walls dript from the book by the light of the moon. badly. All joined heartily in the singing tho not always following the Owing to the cold and damp we same tune or key. The attention to found it almost impossible to sleep, but the sermon left nothing to be desired. managed a few broken hours between times. In the evening we were treated to a heavy snowstorm, with a cutting On the following morning (Sun- wind, so that no service could be held. day) breakfast was served "table d'hote" and consisted of a cup of cof- One interesting feature of the work fee and biscuit. Dinner was better, at Aulatsevik was the school work since we had stewed venison (rein- among the children. It was a real joy deer) and a plateful of corn flour. to hear them sing simple hyrllos such as "Jesus Loves Me," and repeat texts Service was held in the largest igloo,

from Scripture in their own tongue. dwellings as paying guests of the Es- Before we left most of the children kimos for over two months, since, ow- could sing from memory a number of ing to the poor condition of the dogs, hymns, repeat not a few texts, and we could not get a team sufficient to knew the syllabic characters and also take us farther. Owing to the scarcity the numerals. A few of the older ones of food, and consequently of blubber, could even read and write a little, but we could not expect to get sufficient this was due to the hearty cooperation blubber for an additional lamp; as it of their parents, who were themselves was, the lamps were only lighted when only learning. The Eskimo children cooking had to be done or snow melted are delightfully natural, yet in spite of for water. Ruskin said that he feared having been brought up on practically nothing "except only draughts and nothing else but raw flesh, we found ugly people," but had he lived with that "a strippet bi" has as much at- the Eskimo he would have required traction for them as for any gutter to get used to both, and in addition bairn in one of our large cities at home. might have found his friends decidedly While at Aulatsevik we were greatly odoriferous.

imp rest with the phenomena to be seen We shall not attempt to describe an in these northern skies, and the words igloo in which an Eskimo family live, of the Psalmist came home with new save to say that one meets with dirt power. "The heavens declare the glory and grease galore. The sights and of God; and the firmament showeth sounds are excruciating, while the His handiwork." As we gazed in fcetid smeIls most surely outrival those wrapt amazement into the star- of traditional Cologne. Even such a spangled heavens above and watched famous Arctic explorer as Commodore the glorious and ever-changing Aurora Peary, when speaking of these dwell- Borealis, we could not but feel within ings, says: "A night in one of these our soul the deepest sense of awe. Nor igloos, with a family at home, is an was this lessened, but rather intensi- offense to every civilized sense." He fied, when we remembered that Ar- is right, but we wonder how our hero rhenius had declared that the phe- of the North Pole would enjoy over nomena of a Crookes Tube and of the two months under these conditions in- Aurora Borealis are in reality the stead of one night.

same. We can not say what we would have We returned to the st'ation from ~one had our coal supply been ade- Aulatsevik on February 21st to get quate to our needs, but as it was, we new supplies before setting out on a were simply driven from the station trip down the Strait in order to visit owing to lack of fuel, as we found it the outlying encampments to the east quite impossible to live in rooms where of Aulatsevik. the temperature was sometimes as low On March IOth we left for Kingnak- as 15.5 degrees below zero.

juak, which was the nearest encamp- The greatest strain was brought ment beyond Aulatsevik, and arrived upon us at Kinguckjuak-not because there safely after a very cold journey. the people were dirty and degraded so At this place we had to live a most much as because they were practically primitive life in these extemporized starving from time to time while we

IN THE ARCTICS 50

were with them. Consider what a sophisticated sort of individual. If a missionary's feelings are when num- plate must be cleaned he considers his bers of starving natives follow him tongue as good an instrument for the everywhere and perpetually beg for work as any southern invention. Infood. He sickens with the 1ee1ing of deed, he thinks it was made for that utter helplessness which seizes him very purpose, and a few licks does the and which he finds hard to shake off. work. Combine with this the fact that he is Our cooking had to be done over a PART OF A MISSIONAIU""S ESKIMO AUDIENCE living in perhaps the most unconge- koodlil in which seal' or walrus blubnial and austere environment possible and you will realize something of our ber takes the place of oil, and dried need. Most gladly and willingly would we have helped them more than moss from the hills acts as wick. We we did had that been possible. Our stores were all too scanty, and we lived on the one course system genhave the coming winter to face and no supplies will reach us until next erally, and biscuit and coffee formed summer. The dogs died from starvation in great numbers, while the our staple diet. We obtained such people sometimes had only one meal in two days. It was a hard time for luxuries from time to time as seal, both man and beast. walrus, wolf, polar bear, white whale, By living with the Eskimo we had to put up with much that was not pleas- reindeer, etc., and even a plate of ant. The Eskimo is a charmingly un- ground rice or corn flour occasionally.

Commodore Peary states that "walrus and seal meat are valuable for dog food, but a white man does not usually care to eat any of these- unless he is nearly starving."

We had seal more than any other meat, but whatever it was, it was al-

wa::vs stewed, as there seemed no other guckjuak. On several occasions we way of cooking it over a primitive went seal and walrus hunting with the stone lamp. Our stew pot was a men in the hope of getting some worthy invention. It was an old boiled photographs. The igloo was raided by beef can with a piece of wire for a the dogs during the "sma' 'oars 0' the handle and a piec'2 of wood for a lid. mornin," and when at last darkness This idea worked splendidly, only we gave place to light there was hardly a did feel selfish at times and longed scrap of meat or blubber to be found. for something other than stew or cof- Even the blubber in the koodlil had fee and biscuit; quite often we were been licked up. This little escapade glad to have even that. cost one dog its life, and the poor brute's dying moans did not help us In spite of all this the two months to sleep after the excitement of fightspent at Kinguckjuak were most bene- ing the animals out of the dwelling. ficial to us in some ways. By living with the Eskimos for such a period Again, one morning after a blizzard we were able to understand him as he we awoke to find the whole encampreally is, arid in a way which we think ment completely buried in snow. We would IJe quite impossible without such dug ourselves out and enjoyed the an experience. luxury of stairs from our igloo up to the outer world. At the igloo in which We began to see things through we were staying the snow lay some Eskimo eyes, and with that came a tKO feet above the top of the roof, but deepening of the intolerable craving some of the other igloos had several to win them to the Savior. There is feet of snow overhead. an inscrutable, venerable mystery in even the meanest and most degraded On another occasion a thaw sel in, of these people, and one gets to really and without warning the roof collove them. lapsed. Again, a number of Eskimo from further down the Straits arrived As we studied the Eskimos under weary and hungry, having been adrift easy, natural conditions, we seemed in the Straits for several days on a to see as Carlyle would say, "A small large pan of ice. After over two light shining and shaping in a vortex months we returned to the station. of Eskimo darkness." Yet the darkness itself is alive. It is the eager, in- In closing this short account of the articulate, uninstructed mind of these work which is being done for God and people longing to become articulate, to His Christ in the Arctics, may we go on articulating ever after. The sav- plead as did Saint Paul of old, "Brething of the first good seed, and the ren, pray for us." careful uprooting of the weeds are essential, and tho little result may as "La! through ice and S110W we pass yet be seen, it is not lost. One poor soul for Christ to gain. Gladly we bear want or distress We had many exciting times at Kin- To set forth the Lamb once slain."

PRESBYTER ] AN ACADEMY AT PYENG YANG

STIRRING LETTERS FROM KOREA THE JAPANESE ARREST OF KOREAN CHRISTIANS EDITORIAL I1IJT mayor may not have disadvantages have come from the been to the advantage continuance of military occupation and of Korea that she was government. Ever since the lament- swallowed up by Japan. able assassination of Marquis Ito, the The little peninsula was Japanese have been suspicious of every . in an unenviable posi- Korean native organization. It is not tion–too weak to defend herself and surprizing that the Koreans do not maintain her independence, and certain love their conquerors, but the Japanese to be confiscated by either Russia or have not 'taken steps to win their love Japan. Without doubt, it was to the or gain their confidence and cooperaadvantage of Korea's material and tion. The Koreans are naturally a spiritual progress that the progressive peace-loving people, and might with Japanese rather than the medieval patience and tact be brought into Russians should be in control. Kore- friendly relations with the Japanese, ans have, however, suffered much in but they are not cowardly or spiritless, the trans fer. Her princes have been and harsh measures are calculated to deposed, her property appropriated, strengthen their antagonism. her people ill-treated, and her national rights and customs disregarded. The missionaries have been in a delicate position. Their position as The advent of Japanese rule has, ambassadors, of Christ has kept them at the same time, brought advantages. out of local politics, and as American The laws have been systematized, or- and British citizens they have refused der maintained, courts of justice es- to meddle in the Korean-Japanese imtablished, schools developed, railways broilio. But thousancls of Koreans are built, and material conditions im- in their Christian schools and churches, proved in many other ways. The chief and the ties of affection are very

strong.. It is difficult for missionaries doubt as to the unreasonably harsh to see pupils, wards, friends ill-treated methods employed by Japanese auand misunderstood, without making thorities. There is no evidence li1at any effort to help them. What shall a they have desired to persecute the man do as a man when he sees a help- Christians as such, but are naturally less woman insulted by a soldier, or a suspicious of the more intelligent, in- Korean man assaulted by a Japanese dependent classes of which these in the street? Such cases were frequent Christians are composed. They also in the early days of occupation. They look with critical eyes on the schools are less frequent now. and churches under missionary con- trol, and, without cause, consider them The Japanese are apparently nerv- hot-beds of treason. We quote fron; ous and suspicious, and often take recent letters which give a graphic steps to put down imaginary sedition view of the unhappy situation and rein a way that makes them a laughing veal the indignities to which foreignstock before the enlightened public. ers are subjected, and the sufferings Some time ago a poster announced a of Koreans. meeting in the Seoul Y. M. C. A., under the title: Arrests at Syen Chun Love Your Enemies The Christians have been very happy over the academy in Syen Chun The Japanese smeIled sedition and and the splendid work it was doing, demanded that the offensive notices be but last October, to the great surprize withdrawn. Korean copies of the Gos- of the missionaries, four boys were pel of St. Mark were printed and dis- arrested. A little later the academy tributed all over the land. 'Nord went teachers, several teachers of the lower out among the Japanese that thousands schools for boys, and about a dozen of seditious pamphlets were being sent more academy students were arrested. out by the Korean Christians. It is At first the missionaries did 110t know suggested, and not without reason, that the cause for these arrests. Then they the Japanese military authorities desire heard that the Japanese suspected a to remain in control in Korea, and in plot to kill the Governor-General as order to do this, mnst show that there he passed through Syen Chun on his is still cause for keeping a strong hand way to open the new bridge at Sin on the country. Therefore, if there Eui Ju. The missionaries, howis not good evidence of Korean un- ever, were so certain that the men rest and sedition, they must manufac- and boys arrested were innocent of ture some. This "vill perhaps account, any serious offense that they expected in part, for the strange actions of the them back soon. After six months government recently in causing the ar- they are still in prison. The missionrest, imprisonment, and we fear, tor- aries struggled along trying to keep ture, of Christians and others in the the school going after the teachers effort to discover a plot to assassinate were taken, and even upper class acathe Governor-General. demy boys were set to teaching in the lower schools. One foreign pastor Many letters have been received at a time was taken from the country from American and British subjects in Korea, which leave no room for

LETTERS FROM

work to do Bible teaching, and several ber, but they worried her into saying worked themselves ill. Instead of pcrhaps that he was at such and such a prisoners being released, there have place, and when they asked him and he been more arrests and the school has gave a different answer, back they been closed. came to her.

Most of the arrests made in North The Charges Korea have been of Christians-leading men- those who are educated and There seem to be three charges have ability. The Koreans began to against the Christian men and boys: say, "It seems to be a sign of re- ( I) That there was a plot .to kill the spectability to be put in prison!" Governor-General as he passed Among those arrested in Syen Chun through Syen Chun on the train; (2) are the Korean pastor of the North .KI!;V. G. S. Me CUNE AND KOREAN n:ACH ERS OF SYJ::N CHUN) SOME Oi" WHOM WERE ;RRESTED HY TH E JAP AN E SE Chu rch-an elde r, and another chu rch money was being raised anel plans officer from the same church. These were made to send a man over into three, with a fme young graduate of :'IIanchuria to teach something; (3) the academy were arrested about two the only orphan asy lum in Korea is weeks before Christmas. A deacon of in Syen Chun , and, under the name th e South Ch urch was taken two days of this asylum, money was being raised a fter Chri stmas. There have also from questionabl e sources and for bad been arrests made from country work. The missionaries know of no churches. These include many church plot against the Governor-General, but officers and two ordained pastors. The the Japanese believe that there was, police kept coming to the wife of Pas- and were frig htened into foolishness. tor Chai, who was arrested, and say- The day the Governor-General came ing. "where was your husband on sllch through to Seoul, all the missionand such a date?" She did not reme111- school boys were ordered to go and

make their bow to him at the station. thing about them. They turned out "'hen they reached there the police to be spies, and the Japanese assumed searched their pockets and took their that they were dismissed because they knives away. When the tiny primary were spies.

boys arrived and tumbled into line, all The Christian teachers have lain in out of breath, even their little pockets prison for over six months, while the were searched and their little knives police are trying to discover some plot.

were taken away. What would be the And lying in prison is not all. There psychological effect of such a per- are many explicit tales of torture formance on the young mind? which the Japanese are using to force "confessions" fro111 prisoners. liis- 2. As to charge number two, some sionaries are forced to believe that money was raised to send a rnissionary these stories are true. Not only has to the Koreans in lfanchuria. There the preliminary examinaton, which the are men over there who would, no law requires shall take place within doubt, be glad to fight for the indepen- four days, even for a Korean, been dence of Korea-and the Japanese postponed for months, but the word look with suspicion even upon any has come that some of the men have movement to send them the Gospel. suffered much. One teacher, a regu- lar old wrestler in prayer-a man so 3. As to the orphan asylum, Dr. filled with the Holy Spirit that he is a Moffett explained to the Japanese au- power for good wherever he is-was thorities that he himself brought the examined and released in one week first money for it from some Christian but another good man was confinc(l Koreans who had seen such asylums in for several weeks without examina- America, and thought it would be a tion. The son of Pastor Keel, the good thing to start one in Korea. Syen blind pastor of the great Pyeng Chun was chosen as a location because Yang Church, was one of the teachers it is such a quiet, country place. Yang arrested. He is a fine, handsome fel- Moksa, the pastor of the North low, but not strong, and would not be Church, was in charge of this asylum. able to stand long confinement or tor- He had also been getting a passport ture. A deacon of the church in Pyeng to go to Vladivostock to look after Yang died in prison. Another man the mission church work there, and was taken from the prison to the misreturn. He was arrested for "com- sion hospital, where he died of heart plicity in a certain affair." failure. It is suspected that the tor- ture he had undergone and the hard- The Japanese complain that the ships suffered caused his death. sch,ol boys have been known to pray that Korea might some day be free again. Two Korean boys entereu the academy as students. They were dis- Evidence of Torture missed because they were not desir- able boys for the school. From the There is good reason to believe that rakish cap worn on freakishly-cut hair, torture is usee!. One man-not a the dainty little dancing girls' slippers Christian-told one of the mission- that flap-flapped from the feet, there aries that he escaped with his life when was not one straight, honest, manly he made up his mind he could not

I9 12 J STIRRING LETTERS FROM

stand any more torture. One morning come out in the summer clothes he when he saw them getting ready to wore when arrested. He told the mistorture him again, he said, "Stop; you sionary that he was the son of a Chrisdo not need to do that, for I have tian who has been a helper to a misdecided to say whatever you want me sionary of another mission. His father to. I can not give you another bit of has been banished from the country true witness, for IOvery bit that I know and the boy said he did not know what I have already told you. Anythin& he had been in prison for. But he more that comes fr0111 my lips now told the missionary about a man, a will be lies-but you want lies, so I relative, who after his examination will tell them. I can not die again- was brought into the same prison seven times you have killed me dead, where he was. He said this man's and seven times I have come to life hands were so scarred and sore from again, and I can not stand any more." burning that he could not use them, (Koreans speak of fainting as dying.) and had to be fed for two weeks. They began to question him and he would answer: "I did-that is lie The Missionaries' Statement number one. I did-and that IS lie number two. I did-and that is lie At first the missionaries would not number three." They soon stopt. believe the things they heard, but so' Later he was sent before the procura- many instances were related from retor, who said, "What about all these liable sources that they could no longer things you have testified to?" "Oh," refuse to believe. Several missionaries said he, "those are all lies. I told the went to Seoul and sent in to the officers at the time they were lies- Governor-General a carefully prepared but they had killed me seven times." statement of the case and a request The procurator sent him back and they for a hearing. We waited long, but began to bat him around and get ready the Governor-General evidently did for the torture again. "As soon as not wish to discuss the matter. The he could get their attention he called American consul refuses to "give credout, "Stop! you do not need to do that. ence to every rumor." The Koreans I wiII do anything you tell me to; I say that it is noticeable that where will say anything you want me to. Of they arrest heathen it is the better and course, it will alI be lies, just as before, more influential of the heathen even but I can tell lies." They decided they that are taken. One good Christian could do nothing with him-left him man remarked: "If it only were outin prison a few days and then told him right persecution because of our reto clear out, which he promptly did. ligion it would be easier to stand." It Other cases could be cited to show that is hard to see such good men taken, torture is used. but after alI, they are the ones best able to endure-the ones whose faith One missionary met a young boy of is firm and strong and wiII not fail. about seventeen who had just come Mr. McCune, while in Seoul, obtained out of the prison in Seolll and had a pass which admitted him to all the run into an inn near to warm himself. prisons except the one where the ex- It was winter and he had been in aminations are made. He found Pastor prison four and a half months, and Yang and Elder An in a brick prison which is warmed so that they were

comfortable, their examinations not Last summer, on the first anniver- having begun. Pastor Yang asked for sary of the annexation of the country an Old Testament which he was al- the Japanese made a holiday and called lowed to have, and said he was going all the school boys out to celebrate the to use this leisure in getting out ser- happy event, and made them yell mons. He also found opportunities "Banzai!" If they would leave them to witness as the heathen Koreans alone the boys might gradually learn around that prison gather about him to love and trust their new rulers. The to listen to Bible stories. Pastor Chai Japanese attempt to keep the people also bore good witness-with his two ignorant of Korean history, and forbid hands chained so close together that the use of certain books in the schools, he has to lift both to his face when he For instance, one is forbidden because eats. of its suggestive, according to the Ja- The wives and mothers of the men are bearing this trouble like real Chris- panese, story about the ants, who, tho tians. When Pastor Yang and the a little people, can do great things bethree other men were taken to Seoul cause they unite. They also supprest their wives were not allowed to go that hymn, "I Am an Ambassador for near or speak to them. The poor pas- the King." Missionaries receive magator's face was puffy with cold, and he zines from America with articles clipt looked as tho he had shivered sleepless out, and there are other evidences that through the two nights he had been in letters are tampered with. the local prison. But the brave, undaunted spirit of the man stood up in Pray for the Korean Christians his eyes as he said: "I have no anxi- and for the missionaries and their ety." The wives, mothers, and sisters many problems. The lower boys' were weeping as tho their dear ones schools in Syen Chun could not be had been carried away dead, but they opened because there were no teachers. said : "We trust God. How could we stand it otherwise?" The father Another letter reads as follows: of one boy, however, held up his hand After December 27th there was a in' a meeting of Koreans and vowed period of quiet until January 13th, that if anything happened to his boy when a party, including the man behe would kill Mr. McCune. fore whom the men .will finally be tried, went to Syen Chun and caused Not long ago the magistrate of Syen a little uneasiness by their presence in Chun made a visit to the Governor of town. Monday morning, after breakthe province, and on his return told a fast, gendarmes were stationed in group of men, two Christians being front of each of the missionary houses among them, that the Governor asked to prevent them passing from house him how things are in Syen Chun and to house for two hours and a half. he had replied, "Ask the missionarie~, During that time the officers seal ched The magistrate in Syen Chun has very the McCune house and made a slight little power. All the people are Chris- search in the Roberts house. They, of tians." A policeman complained that course, found nothing, and went up the Church has too much power and on the hill and looked it over carefully. that it must be curtailed. The next morning they came again and spent half'a day, digging here and there over the hill and in the orchards

LETTERS FROM KOREA

and gardens of the Sharrocks, Roberts' to prod them into patnotIc demoncompounds. They did not say what strations. If Korean Christians have they were seeking. One of the officers not been law-abiding, it has been only apologized for having made the mis- in the matter of such required patriotic sionaries ashamed. A Seoul newspa- demonstrations. One year from the per about that time published a foolish annexation of Korea, Japan wanted story that 80 academy boys had a the Koreans to join them in a celebrameeting on the hill, at which they drew tion of the event. Pastor Yang, who up a paper pledging themselves to kill is now in Seoul in prison, was asked the Governor-General. After signing to help in getting the people to join in this paper, the article said, the boys thi:;. He replied that he would give buried it with ceremony. Perhaps the fifty cents toward the feast, but till police were digging for that paper ami he died he would not participate. They hunting for the revolver with which have wine and drink, and Mr. McCune the deed was to be done. hurried the school-boys home from the Emperor's birthday celebration-" The Japanese Answer to get them away fr0111 the solicitations of bad women they met coming away. The Governor-General prepared a Did Pastor Yang do wrong? He would paper which was read to the mission- have had a hard time leading his people aries to the effect that there was a into the celebration. conspiracy, or if not an actual conspiracy, the spirit of one, and that the Another thing that was hard for the Christian teachers had not been teach- Christians was that in celebrating the ing the boys to be obedient citizens. Emperor's birthday they are orderdl He denies that torture is used, but to bow before a picture of the Emmore and more evidence comes out to peror, or at least toward the east, prove that there is evidence enough to where he resides. The Koreans said convince any candid person. :lIany Ko- this savored of idolatry and wished to reans have suffered at one time or an- refuse. Some did refuse; some were other, so that these things can not be compelled to do it, and in one place hushed up any longer. It was reported they solved the problem by sending a that several Syen Chun Academy boys heathen to represent them and bow. had been found innocent, but they have not been released, neither have the Another correspondent writes: teachers who were taken three months The Korean Church is going ago. It seems that the torture is such through deep waters, especially up at as to produce the maximum of pain and Syen Chun, where 90 per cent. of the fright without leaving marks upon the people are Christians. The Japanese body. They order the men to never have arrested, without any formal tell what happened. charge, put 70 Christians in prison, including three ordained Presbyterian The time has come when those who pastors. One of these is known to the know can keep quiet no longer. If heathen as "bone of Jesus Christ." only Japan understood the Koreans They say he is only Jesus, he has no better! If she were content with their body, it is all Jesus, for if any Koobeying the laws and would let their rean comes to him on any business poor feelings alone, instead of trying whatever, he preaches Jesus to them

and tells them his body only lasts tians have been arrested, brought to such a short time in comparison to Seoul, and imprisoned. No reason has eternity. Pastor Chai has been put been assigned for this action save the in prison because he would not tell general allegation that a widespread his people to bow down to the picture conspiracy is on foot against the life of the Emperor on November 3n1. of the Governor-General of Korea and other prominent officials. Unreasonable Suspicion Japanese, and the Korean Church Another Korean, called praying Harng, a student, was in the prayer The actual cause of this persecution meeting and spoke, saying God had may be the desire of the Japanese Govbeen speaking to him, telling him he ernment to gain control of the Korean did not love the Japanese as he should, Church. Last summer an attempt was so he asked the people to pray, and he made to compas:. this object-the bowed himself down to the ground, Japanese Y. M. C. A. invited many and in great agony he prayed with Korean native pastors to visit Japan' tears and sobs. After a great while and its churches-many were reluctant he got the victory and arose rejoicing, and were constrained to accede by the saying God had put His love in his police, and while in that country the heart for the Japanese. The next clay proposal was made for them to place this man was arrested and is now the Korean Church under the Chrisin prison for not loving the Japanese. tian Church of Japan, withdrawing it A spy must have been in the meeting. from the American Church. Their answer was, "The Church of Korea One of the pastors who was preach- is under no church, but is self-supporting about the Kingdom of God was ing, and why should it be placed under arrested and put in prison because he any church?" The government is said did not preach about the Kingdom of to have been back of the Y. M. C. A. Japan. The Japanese officials in the invitation, and to have paid all excountry districts are so ignorant that penses. The real trouble doubtless is they make many mistakes and deal that the practical deification of the very unjustly with these people. These Emperor of Japan, and the deity of prisoners are being examined by tor- Jesus Christ are not compatible, and ture, and one has died; another was there must be conflict. The only real sent out to die, because they did not help in this time of trouble can come want him to die in prison. from God, through prayer. Pray earn- estly that God will glorify Himself in Pray for these men and for the Korea, by giving all His people here Japanese also, that God may touch grace to truly know, and fully to do their hearts, and that they may learn His blest will." better things and may know that the Gospel of Jesus Christ is a message of The sooner Japanese military rule peace and good-will to men. is replaced by civil government in Ko- rea the better it will be for Korea and Here is another testimony: for Japan. "It is a good time to pray for Korea. Over 100 Presbyterian native Chris-

'THE CALL OF THE LUMBER-JACK A WESTERN LU~lBER-JACK A1'

BY REV. eliAS. A. BOWEN, A.M., PIl.D., OLYMPIA, WASHINGTON m.S CENE ONE.-Night in about. Billy had got sick. Taken to early January. Preach- the hospital thirty miles in from camp. 'vVaited too long. Operation fatal. In illg and singing on the Finland was Billy'S mother, who had been left a widow with four sons, of . street corner. Speaker's , . .~ subject, "The End of a Logger." Fifty or more whom Billy was the eldest but one.

lumber-jacks listening. Gospel talk "Billy was a good boy. His mother ended and a song sung. Fifty copies would like a prayer said and a song of the Gospel of John eagerly taken. sung." In the coffin a fair-haired son Note written in crude hand passed to of the Northmen, a boy of twenty "the pilot": "Pray for Billy. He goes years, manly looking, fine featured and back to camp to-morrow." strong; his high forehead crowned SCENE Two.- Saturday morning, with golden locks looking as if mother middle of July. Telephone: had just combed them. The prayer, "Could the preacher come over to the song, the heart word, the grave, the 'dead house' and talk to the boys then, "Would the preacher write Billy's a while at ten o'clock this morning, mother in Finland?" The letter left 'cause Billy is dead." that day on its ocean way.

Ten o'clock at the undertaker's par- Gigantic, towering trees are not the lors. Twenty Swedish lumber-jacks only thing slaughtered in our great

forests of the Northwest. How about cups-men whose red blood loves fight and whose steel-like sinews would the straight, tall, sturdy, splendid man- grapple with giant men as with giants of the forests. But now they are just hood that goes crashing down? Thirty plain lumber-jacks – "swampers," "choppers," "tritnmers," "teamers," thousand lumber-jacks are actually in "road-monkeys," "cooks," "cookees," "bull-cooks," "punk-hunters," "woodthe forests of western Washington butchers," "pushers," "river-pigs," and alone, and Oregon and Idaho have what-nots. All there together on a common level. Yes, men who have their proportionate number. States- been religious, many of them, in days agone, and who again would crowd up men, materialistic statesmen, have tb the Christ if He were seen and heard again through a great, strong, stirred the nation by their appeals for chivalrous soul. "Go to them," says one of their number on his death-bed, conservation of forests. Is it not about preach to them, tell them of Jesus time that some "voice in the wilder- Christ and His love. You think perness" should stir the Northwest, yea, haps that they are hard to reach, but they have great hearts, and as soon as and the nation, by an appeal for con- they learn to know you they will trust you." servation of this splendid manhood What's There? for which practically nothing is being There are the great forests breathdone? ing out health. No venomous crea- tures crawl or fly among the trees. No Who Are They? noxious exhalations fill the air, but re- sinous odors charge the atmosphere Mother's sons, everyone of them, with health-giving properties. Dangers are thick enough to teach alertness, but all sorts and conditions of men. and common needs are many enough to train men in sympathy and fellow- They must be men of vigorous bodies ship. The strenuous, simple life of heavy toil conduces to purity of and abounding energy. They may life, physical and mental. range in age from the "whistlingpunk" of ten years to the man of fifty, The bunk-house is there, with its long, narrow room, the big stove in "strong, but all stove in." The "lure the center, the damp, steaming cloth- ing hanging about, the dim, loudof the wild" brings them from every smelling lantern, the long rows of bunks, two or three high, filled with walk of life. Thousands from the hay or fir boughs, covered with rough blankets and almost always "insturdy middle class of our own land habited," tired men trying to while away the long evenings with stale and foreign shores-industrious, COlltented, patient and care-free. Sons of the parsonage are there. College graduates, with brilliant minds, are there amid the pines-men who, were they to stand full height in their keen intellect, would tower like the lofty cedars and firs. Men of culture are there-men who can sing and write and speak in five languages. There are many with "a history." Many be- coming disgusted with the veneer of modern life have fled "back to nature."

Other thousands who chafe under re- straint and want to go to hell quick.

Those are there who would like to see return the good old times of our An- glo-Saxon ancestry, when man used human skulls for individual drinking-

CALL OF THE LUMBER-JACK

jokes and musty stories, "turning in" snore; and some cough with early early and arising to "eat by candle pneumonia, some curse, some sing, light" and then off to the timber by some horribly grunt; and some, destarlight. lirious, pick at spiders in the air and talk to monkeys and scream out to be The saloon is usually there, or near, saved from dogs and snakes. Men where thousands of lumber-jacks go reel in yelling groups from the bar shouting to their own ruin, because to watch the spectacle of which they they have nothing else to do when they are not at work. Probably no place- THE FOREST PRIMEVAL not even the mining camp-sees such gigantic debauchery as the lumber- themselves will presently be a part." camp saloon at the paying-off times. The human blood-suckers are there It is done with such abounding laughter and good-fellowship and abandon -the saloon, the gambler, the dealer as to be almost overpowering. The in lust. They all lie in wait for the lumber-jack saloon must have its lumber-jack, with his "roll" after pay- "snake room." This is as necessary day. And that "roll" is not small. as the bar itself. "A logger once The cashier of one of the banks in this counted ISO men drunk in a single city, in answer to a question as to how hotel of a town of 1,200 inhabitants, much money the loggers bring into where fourteen other bar-rooms heart- town, said, "In this one bank we have ily flourished. They overflowed the cashed loggers' pay checks amounting snake-rooms, they lay snoring on the to over $40,000, and it is not near all oar-room floor, they littered the office, in yet." "What will become of that they were doubled up on the stair- money?" was asked. "It wiII nearly landings and stretched out in the cor- all go into the saloons of this town," ridors. Drunken men stumbled over was the ready reply. "Boy," said a drunken men and fell helpless beside friend. "where's your money?" The them; and still, in the bar-room, said young lumber-jack said the saloonhe, beyond the men who slept or keeper had it for safe-keeping. "How writhed on the floor and had been kicked out of the way, the lumberjacks were clamoring three deep at the bar for whisky. Hence the snakeroom. One may not eject drunken men into bitter weather and leave them to freeze. Bartenders and their helpers carry them off to the snake-room when they drop; others stagger in of their own notion and fall upon their reeking fellows. There is no arrangement of bodies, but a squirming heap of them, from which legs and arms protrude, wherein open-mouthed, bearded faces appear in a tangle of contorted limbs. Men moan and laugh and sob and

THE OLD WAX' OF DRAWl.NC LOGS TO THE LUMBER·CAMPS much have you got left?" "Oh, I got Who's Needed? lots left yet," was the happy reply . Soon the boy went away for a few Cel tainly something or some one is moments and then reeled' back again, needed when ten s of thousands of' his frielld say ing to him; "Nea r all stl1rdy, red-blooc1e<1, kind-h earted men in ?" "I came here yesterday morning in life's prime are living by hundreds with $123," said the boy, very drunk- in camps almost wholly neglected. The enly, "and I gave it to the bartenuer fi rst need is a real man, Nothing short to keep for me, and he tells me I have of a real man will do any good, He two-thirty left." must be a man who believes that Jesus Christ can save any man, in any con- Often near the camp is the dance. dition, right on the spot. He must be Saturday evening the lumber-jack able to work without any church; be dresses in his "glad rags" amI, with glad to sleep in a bunkhouse, over a sl1ch women as he knows , dances all saloon, out under the trees, in a stable, night. The fiddle r is a hig h person- o r anywhere he can roU up in a blanage. Next to him is the "caller off," ket. He must be strong of body, of whose happy voice may be easily heart, and of faith . He must sing at hea rd; his task just as the logger swears at his. The smeU of the woods must be "Come to de center and meet yonr J o, sweet to him, just as it is to the lum- Vith ~ clo, si. do, ;].11(1 ;]. Cllcl1lge ),011 kn ow," ber-jack. He must be willing to meet the devil often in human form, and Or, at close range without flinching. He must "spit cant from his mouth in dis- "Firs t an' third c011ples divid e, gust" and ever talk in the vernacular ~wing in de mi lldle and meet 0 11 de side." of the forest. Reverence he must have for holy things and for men, and must Practise and rehearsals of the differ- never lose it, or he is lost. He must ent steps at the bunkhouse is 110 small part of the fun,

CALL OF THE LUilBER-JACK

yearn for these loggers as a mother Pilot's bed several hundred dollars in yearns for her child. Such must be gold, his earnings of many months. the pastor for this "parish of the "Keep it away from me, Pilot," said pines." 01' Johnson, with a g'esture of terror. "For Christ's sake, Pilot, keep it away What Can He Do? from me. If you don't it'll kill me!" The Pilot understood, and shortly af- Given such a man and he can do all ter 01' Man Johnson reached home that is needed. He can pull men out from camp he received a draft for his of hel. Here is what a 111mbe]'-jack money. said when in hell: "Every year for nine years I've tried to get out of the The worker distrilJlltes magazines woods with my stake, and haven't done to the camps. Some years in the logit. Every year I've been kicked ont ging camps of ;linllesota over five of a saloon dead broke. It isn't be- tons of sllch reading matter is disl'anse I want to; it's because I have to. tributed free. "Those who can not It's always back to the tall timber for read have others read to them; some me." look at the pictures. Many men have learned to read in the camp." Such a Here is how such an one was saved real man can teach a poor, ignorant from his hell by a real man: fearing soul bow to die.

"Pilot," said 01' Man Johnson, "take Pat was uneasy as his soul was this here stuff away from me." The about to leave his degraded body. Pilot understood, as the old man, half "Pilot," whispered the dying lumbercrazed by his first few drams of the spree, came into his room and began jack, "I want yez to fix it for me." to empty out of his pockets onto the THE :NEW WAY OF DRAWING LOGS IN LUMBER-CAMPS

"To fix it, Pat?" "Shure, you know The Call phat I mane, Pilot. I want ye to fix it for me." "Pat," answered the Brother Christians of the Northwest Pilot, "I can't fix it for you." "Then," and of the nation, the call of the lumsaid the dying man, in amazement. ber-jack of these great forest States "phat the hell did you come here for?" has come to us. Ve must not turn "To show you how you can fix it." him down nor "pass him up." He is "Me fix it?" Then slowly, simply, the at the back door of all our churches age-old story of repentance and belief in those States. The responsibility of in Ouist was told as only the Pilot sending messengers to him is upon us. God will require it at our hands. It A RAILROAD TRAIN OF LOGGiNG-CAMPS could tell it to that eager, listening ought to be met at once. Vhy not man, nodding his head at intervals. pray the Lord of the harvest that He "Um-huh," muttered Pat, when the will send some reapers into this great Pilot had finished, as one would say, harvest ripening in the forests' sha- "I see." No other word-just "Um- dows? If in humble faith we shall huh." And while breath came shorter, lay this on the heart of God in earnest peace settled down deeper and deeper. prayer, rest assured that he will soon And when death at last would claim lay his forming hand upon men somehis prey, Pat, still holding tight the where fitted for this needy field. Pilot's fingers and still murmuring "Urn-huh, Um-huh," slipt into the Such a messenger will be thrice welpresence of the living Christ. come. The owners of the camps will welcome him. They know that the

MISSIONARY'S

more sober, contented and cheery the woods, will welcome warmly the men are the more work they will do. news that a Pilot has gone to their But we dare not put the owners' in- loved ones. terest on a mere dollars and cents basis. The vast majority of them would With an itinerary over a chain of rather see the lumber-jack save both camps, spending a week or more at his money and his manhood. each one, an immeasurable amount of gnod could be done. General Booth, The loggers always welcome the when once asked, "Where will you get true "sky pilot." His coming breaks your workers ?" instantly replied, the dreaded monotony of camp life. "From among those who are con- Nowhere does the Gospel come more verted." So workers in these great fittingly than in "God's first temples." forest fields could confidently expect The sound of the Gospel is the only helpers right out of the camps themnote needed to make complete for the selves. lumber-jack the harmony of nature all about him. These men in the camps, noted for their generosity, would never let their The fathers, mothers, sweethearts Pilot be in need, but would sUPl,ort and wives whose prayers ever go up him generously. May this call of the to the God of the forests, and whose lumber-j ack he heard and heeded by longing is ever toward the depths of the Christians in our churches.

THE MISSIONARY'S "rIFE BY MISS KATE G. LAMSO'"

~S HE is a most desirable anel usually far fro111 comfortable for ~ person to number occidental guests, while the number among your acquaint- of those who travel in eastern lands ances, whether you increase steadily. For love of travel, meet her in the home- for exploration, for research, for the ~ land, where the good sake of reaching mission fields, the things of life abound, or in any other restless moving mass of wanderers quarter of the globe; but you will surges more and more through counnot go far in a foreign mission field tries formerly considered so remote without deciding that the more YOll as to be inaccessible except under can have of her the better for you. pressure of necessity. Vhere shall She is a wife, which means that she these travelers find lo(lging? The has her husband's interests in which grace of hospitality, so sadly on the to share, and her household over wane in latter-day American life, which to preside. A woman's time shines with an undiminished, almost can be well filled with such cares as with a unique luster upon the forthese and leave no apparent leisure eign field. Here the latch-string is for anything more, but herein lies always out, and constantly it is pulled only the beginning of the demands by the visitors who pass in an unupon the wife on the foreign field. ending stream through the mIssIon- Hotels are infrequent in the Orient, ary home. Very frequently the "an-

BOYS7 BOARD1NG SCHOOL IN INDIA–IN CHARGE OF A MISSIONARY'S WIFE.

gels unawares" are perfect strangers; superstition and "all manner of unstill more often they are only known cleanness." Eternal vigilance is the by name to the hostess, who, the price the mIssIonary hotlsekeeper embodiment of courteous hospitality, pays for a well-ordered home. Yet smilingly bids them welcome. In- scarcely one wife on the mission field variably these guests have needs to who has come under the writer's obbe met. Spent with long journeying, servation limits her activities to the they must be given quiet and rest, or absorbing cares of her own home. even nursing. They. have a certain If her husband is employed in edubent to pursue, for which they must cational work for boys and young have guidance and probably compan- men, she makes it her business to beionship. Letters of introduction must come personally acquainted with his be written, conveyance must be se- pupils. She opens her house to them, cured, the points of greatest interest striving to make them feel sure of a must be thought out and a working cordial welcomc there. ~When they plan arranged. The missionary wife is are sick, she visits them in their full of resources, and seems to have homes or in hospitals, and sends no care beyond the consideration of suitable food to them from her own her guests' interests. Out of sight table. But l1lt only is she her husof that guest a watchful eye Illust band's able second in all his activities, always rest upon the native servants. her special talents of whatever nature Often quite efficient after long train- they may be are called into full requisiing, and warmly attached to the mis- tion. She is very often found presidsionary family with whom they are ing at the organ at the services of the associated, they never are wholly free native church, and training a choir to from the dominating habits of thought lead in the singing. The women and action resulting from centuries of turn to her for guidance in every perplexity, from the proper treatment The education of her own children for a sick child to the finding of a is a pleasant task, tho not an easy means of support for the fatherless one, which devolves upon the missionfamily or the convert whose kindred ary mother. Until her children are have cast her out with scorn and old enough to go away to school she abuse. A tone of irritation or weari- must be their teacher. In spite of ness puzzles and alienates the heart this constant draught upon her tim-e, just turning to the light. The re- she often superintends much wor~ of flected light from dwelling in the education for native childrtn. During prescnce of God is closely watched three months' observation in Ceylon on the face of His servant by the and India the writer of this article followers of other religions who found eight wives and mothers in throng about one on the mission field. charge of boarding-schools for boys No cloud must be allowed to dim that and girls, numbering from 60 to ISO radiance, whatever the provocation or pupils. The mental, moral and physical however unreasonable and incessant welfare of the students was entirely the demands may be. "A heart at under the care of these ladies. Clothleisure from itself, to sooth and sym- ing must be carefully supervised and pathize" is a valued asset of the mis- even provided in cases where it was sionary wife, claimed by the people impossible to secure the cooperation among whom her lot is cast, and by of the parents. Food supplies must the lonely unmarried worker who has be weighed and measured out daily. lately come to the field, and seldom Sick children mu st be watched and does th is claim meet with disappoint- nursed. Other ladies were found takment. ing certain cla sses in th ese schools GJRLS" BOARDING SCHOOL, ABUPPUKOTTAI, INDIA" UNDER TIlE CARE OF THE MISSIONARY'S WlFB or were aiding by advice and in the visits, and together they seek help keeping of accounts. The care of the for a task which calls for the greatday-schools of a station was often est wisdom, tact and forbearance. found to devolve upon some married lady. These schools are established Missionary wives whose children in different parts of a city or dis- are grown sufficiently to be sent away trict, and must be visited regularly in to school, and who are thereby free order that teachers and pupils may from the demands of little people in realize that the sympathetic eye of the home, often extend their labors the missionary is upon them and may be helped by that and by suggestions A WOMAN VENDER> MADRAS to maintain high standards. Generally these schools resolve themselves into beyond the bounds of the mission Sunday-schools as well, and to one station. By train, by tonga, by bulor more of them the lady in charge lock bandy they go, traveling many must go every Sunday, hearing reci- miles to reach the out-posts of their tations, giving out the much-prized district. They supervize village picture-cards, and showing a general schools, direct the work of Bible friendly interest. women in these country places, hold meetings with the women, visit from An important line of work fre- house to house. These expeditions quently found under the care of mar- sometimes cover long periods. Bedried ladies is that of the Bible women. ding and all supplies must be car- These women are the result of Chris- ried. Nights will be spent sleeping in tian training and influence. By the a tent, on the floor of the little nature of the work they are to do church, in the bullock bandy, or posin dealing with individuals and in the sibly in some native house. Meals homes of the people they must be must be cooked as needed. The home mature. No superficial knowledge of and station can not be left without Bible truth will fit them for this task. carefully laid plans for frequent re- They must be carefully drilled. A ports to be received. In case of the lesson must be taught them which they can at once take out and teach again to their pupils, reports of the visits made and the character of the work done must be required regularly, and stich reports must be examined and kindly and wisely criticized. Especially important is it that the spiritua1 life of each woman who thus "bears the vessels of the Lord" should be nourished and developed. Regular meetings for prayer are held with these humble workers in connection with their study of the Word. The missionary lady in charge also gathers them before they start on their daily breaking out of epidemic sickness, or light under a bushel after assuming if some emergency arises, the touring- home cares. If no regular medical missionary must hasten back to aiel work is possible for them, they do the people who depend upon her as not fail to have a special hold upon children on their parents. To those the women of the native community of us who are accustomed to travel who come to them eagerly for adin swift trains, assured of regular vice in matters physical, and readily hours for arrival and departure, and receive help in things spiritual from of comfortable lodging with good the same source. In this way women food at the end of the journey, an are reached who without that influinside knowledge of what is involved ence would never attend religious A TYPICAL MISSIONARY BUNGALOW IN INDIA 111 missionary touring makes it seem services or send their children to a synonym for enduring hardship. Christian schools, Some of the mis- Yet the devoted people to whom this sionary wives so qualified are able to is a part of the year's York hail it do l11uch more than this. Classes for with enthusiasm and proclaim it their the training of nurses have been eschief delight since with it comes such tablished by them, amI supervision of richness of opportunity and privilege. wards and the care of the sick in the station hospital has yielded most help- Quite a different line of activity ful results to the overtaxed physician from any of those mentioned is pur- in charge. Attention to detail is a sued by a limited number of mission- point in which the people of India ary wives who have the unusual are notably deficient. The opportunity qualifications essential to it, namely of the trained medical woman along full medical work. Those who be- this line is great. Two marked infore marriage were graduate physi- stances of work being done by marcians or nurses do not hide their

ried women trained for the medical sent, was brought in. Dreading the' profession may be cited. One acts in pain of the treatment, he clung, close cooperation with her husband, screaming, to his father, and burying who, like herself, is a physician. They his face in his garment refused to have chosen a field with reference to look at the doctor, whose gentle, the peculiar difficulties ' hich it pre- soothing voice coaxing him not to sents. A center of Brahmanism, in- fear the "mem-sahib," gradually trenched in superstition and idolatry, it has been well-nigh inaccessible to quieted his struggles. Women with Christianity while exercising a stulti- infected sores followed. A father fying influence far beyond its own and mother who had walked miles to bring a very sick child within THE I NDIAN EXPRESS-A BULLOCK BANDY borders. A dispensary has been reach of the doctor's treatment lisopened in a native house, with mud tened anxiously to her words as floors. One part is for men, the other she sternly, yet not unkindly, told for women and children. The hus- them how futile would be all her band and wife preside daily over efforts if the daily portion of opium these two departments. A morning should continue to be given the child. spent in the women's dispensary must A child with a loathsome disease was leave an indelible impression. The tenderly examined; one part was cases of opthalmia so prevalent in found to be healing, but an angry the East are never lacking here, and swelling elsewhere must be opened. were present in number on the morn- Gentleness, firmness, skill were everying when the writer visited the dis- where apparent as the doctor handled pensary. A child with trouble in the her patients, and at a little distance ear demanding a mastoid operation, in the same room a group of waitto which the parents would not con- ing women about her, sat a sweet-

MISSIONARY'S

faced Bible woman giving an earnest, own city, conducting two dispensaries, simple Gospel message. The doctor visiting patients in their homes, diand her husband have money for a recting the work of a Bible woman, new hospital, which is in process of and aiding her husband in evangelerection, but added to the cares of istic services for young men. Funds their busy lives is the problem that for a hospital building in a neglected keeps forcing itself upon them-from and densely populous part of the city what source are funds to come for are the great need to complete her the maintenance of this enlarged equipment for usefulness.

A CEYLON MISSIONARY WIFE'S SATURDAY EIBLE CLASS work? Nothing can so break down The "labors more abundant" of Brahman pride and caste prejudice, the wives upon the missionary field and prepare the way for direct Gos- have been but superficially sketched pel teaching as does this ministry to here, and many details, or even lines suffering humankind. The second in- of work, might be added if the picstance is that of an Indian woman. ture were to be made complete. Sub- Determined to fit herself for largest ject to interruptions from which the usefulness, she spent some years with unmarried ladies are exempt, they yet her husband in the United States give of their time and strength to the taking a full course in medicine, while limit of their ability, not grudgingly he pursued his theological studies. or of necessity, but with a full heart She is now a mighty force in her of love and pity. All honor to them!

A NEW TYPE OF

BY REV. HENRY vVf<:STON MUNGER, ILOILO, PHILIPPINE ISLANDS Missionary of the American Baptist I1issionary Union mP ROTES'L~TlSlI has time with his Bible and Spanish Com- made remarkable mentary as he did with his cards. But strides in the Philip- even when his life was as immcral as pines in the last few the average Filipino, he showed a real years, and large num- desire for better things. Whenever I bers have come into the stopt at his house he would question fold of the Protestant Church. Are me concerning the teaching of Holy – these nominal converts "rice Chris- Scripture, and would frequently call tians," or are they growing in Chris- in his friends and servants that I tian graces? The soil in all heathen might speak to them. Last spring he countries is hard, but in a country was baptized-being the first one in which has had a form of Christianity that village to join the Protestant without its power, the soil itself has Christian Church. Now, instead of to be created. One looks almost in worshiping images, he asks God's vain among the Filipinos for real blessing at meals, and has family spiritual aspiration, for a hunger and prayers. thirst for the Truth, for that feeling after God, if haply they may find Him. A few weeks ago when on a visit So cold, so unresponsive, so imliffet· to his home I observed two large ent is the average Filipino to the things images in his room. I did 110t be- of the Spirit that 'we often wonder if lieve he ever bowed to them, but never- there are those with a real heart hun- theless, I was somewhat disturbed ger for the Truth. ?-.i-o wonder the over their presence. Before I had American says the Filipino has no made up my mind how I could be~t character. nut even among this people approach the subject he referred to -superstitious, bigoted, idolatrous, them himself. He said he would have immoral as they are-there are men destroyed them long before, but they and women who are groping after the had belonged to his parents, and the light, "like children crying ill the associations made him reI uctant to de- night, with no language but a cry." stroy them. I called his attention to the Scriptural injunction that we avoid One man-and there are many all appearance of evil, and the subject others-lives in a village on the island was dropt. On my next visit almost of Panay. Three years ago when we the first thing he said to me was that first knew this Filipino, he used in- he had burned the images. toxicants, gambled, worshiped images and kept his concubines, like the ma- He has a large farm, but spends jority of "upper class" Filipinos. To- most of his spare tim.e in visiting day the cards, the wine, the images, the neighboring villages and preaching to concubines are no more. He has given all who will listen, of course, without up all the grosser sins in which he any remuneration. This man belongs formerly indulged, and he is growing to the class of society that is considered in Christian graces. Formerly he and the hardest to reach-a class that is so his family were gambling from morn- immoral and corrupt that the mission- ing to night; now he spends as much ary is often tempted to say, "Ephraim is joined to his idols; let him alone."

CONVERSION OF LOH OF

BY A. Y. NAPIER, YANGCHOW, CHINA ~E VANGELIST FAN is heard that the son whom he had given sixty-five years of age. to his widowed sister had believed in He lives in Ching Nan, the foreign religion, and had gone to a town a day's journey the "foreign devil" to study, he forth- overland north west of with went to Yangchow and brought Yangchow, and be- his son back. But when the son perlongs to the literary class. He was sisted in holding on to the foreign one of Mr. Pierce's first converts and faith, his aunt would have nothing to helpers. do with her adopted son, and drove him from her home. Not long ago I was at Ching Nan, and, with Evangelist Sao, took my Mr. Loh is a prominent man in Mafirst trip to Tsa-gien, another town jar-gieh and he had acquired the habit, thirty miles northwest of Ching Nan. which only good livers can afford, of There I heard an interesting story. About twelve miles from r:VANGt: LlST FAN Of CHINA Tsa-gien there is another town called "Ma-jar-gieh" (meaning smoking opium. Weare familiar the Horse – family – town), in which lives a merchant named a with the whisky fiend, but opium is a Mr Loh, who belongs to the teacher class, and is considered worse master. Mr. Loh was slave, well-to-do. At Tsa-gien he has tho he belongs to the literary class, a sister whose hu sband died, has read the Chinese classics, and was and left her without a child. In a disciple of Confucius. He thought order to comfort his sister, Mr. that he could take his boy home and Loh gave her his first-born SOI1. restore him to his rightful mind, and Just across the street from their take him back to his widowed sister. home an inquirer converted a But he saw such a change in his boy, little shop into a preaching hall, for which he could not account, that in which Mr. Pierce and he secured a copy of the Bible and Evangelist Fan have frequently began to read. As he read the Holy preached the gaspe!. Spirit took the things of Christ and One day, some three or four years ago, big fat Mr. Fan took a: large wheelbarrow and went out there to preach. The young adopted son, who lived across the street, came over to hear the "foreign doctrine." He heard and believed, and soon afterward went to Ching-Nan to study the ScriptureF.

Mr. Fan sent him to Yangchow to Mr. Pierce. And he staid some days with Teacher Dzang at the boys' schoo!. 'Vhen the father, Mr. Loh,

revealed them unto him. Without were in the center of the long buildthe help of medicine he gave up ing. The inn was crowded that night. opium, and, against the wishes of his Some ten or twelve men slept in that wife and family, he joined his son building twenty by thirty feet. The as a disciple of the despised Naza- wheelbarrow coolies and other men rene. slept on straw spread on the ground, covered with one or two quilts. It When Evangelist Sao and I was a damp, cold December night, and spent two days at Tsa-gien, we sent we changed our wet shoes and made a messenger out on Saturday to in- ourselves as comfortable as possible. vite Mr. Loh in to the Sunday ser- After supper Evangelist Fan, Mr. vices. He was away from home and Loh, and I sat on our beds at one end the messenger returned telling us that of the inn to read the Bible. At the Mrs. Loh had curst him for bringing other end the landlord was gambling such a message. Mr. Loh received with some of his guests. The coolies the word, and on Sunday morning made themselves comfortable on the mounted a donkey and came over to dirt floor, and we read the Beatithe services. When he went to the tudes. Mr. Fan is a good quiz maspreaching-place his widowed sister ter, and asked Mr. Loh many quessaw him, for she still lives across the tions. Mr. Loh's replies showed great street from the little chapel, and be- insight into the Scriptures. His refergan to curse him. She did not stop ence Bible was worn and showed until Mr. Sao went over and politely signs of much use. As we talked of requested her to wait till after the religious subjects Mr. Loh referred services were over. "Being reviled to well-known Old Testament charache reviled not again." At the close of ters, and found with ease passages he the service in the afternoon he led in wished to read in the New Testament. prayer, and wept over the condition No man had taught him. I sat there of his people. held in wonder and thanksgiving. Here was a man taught of the Holy Later Evangelist Fan and I took Spirit through God's own Book! a two days' trip overland to Mr. Loh's Every word he spoke demonstrated native town. On the evening of the the fact that the Bible had revealed first day and the morning of the sec- to him his Savior, and that the Holy ond some snow fell. Mr. Loh gave Spirit had been his teacher. He knew us a warm welcome, but explained no man theory of inspiration, but acthat it would be more pleasant for us cepted the Book as God's word, and to go to an inn which was only a cov- His transformation and life and ered walled-in building against the words were proof of its inspiration. street. At one end there was a Chi- ,ese cooking-stove, and along the F..bw thankful we ought to be for valls were plank-bottomed single beds such first fruits of the Gospel, and .m which we could spread our own what a privilege to have part in such bedding, and sit till we were ready to a glorious work! retire. A few tables and benches

THE MISSIONARIES CAME *

' A SCIENTIST'S DESCRIPTION OF THE OLD TIME HEATHENISM OF THE SOUTH SEAS BY REV. WILBUR F. CRAFTS, PH.D., WASHINGTON, D. C. UR steamer having just III, Part I, published December 6, IOI left the Fiji Islands on the way from Australia 1896), on the zoology, botany, ethnol- to Canada, a lady of ogy, and structure of Funafuti, se- wealth and refinement lected as a representative of the coral remarked to her hus- islands of the South Seas, we find the· following carefully certified statements band that she had been made by him as a scientist for scien- reliably informed that the people of tists as to the original heathen customs Fiji were so honest that doors and representative of the South Seas, many windows were not fastened generally, of them displaced by missionary and even at night, and asked him why so other civilizing influences.

unusual a condition existed. Being a W orship.-"The first objects to man of the world, he replied, ingen- which worship was addrest seem to ously, "It must be their beautiful have been thunder and lightning. A scenery and climate." A Christian spirit was worshiped in the form of a woman within ear-shot could not for- sea-bird. To this succeeded ancestor- bear to suggest that the same scenery worship. Any distinguished tribes- and climate were there when the man was on his death added to the people were fierce cannibals, and that Funafuti pantheon. Then a god was the missionary efforts since those days made of red stone and kept in a sort mIght have something to do with the of hen-coop. When anyone fell sick, marvelous social charges. this idol was taken out by the "devil· The gentleman cited is but a sample master" and besought to heal the suf- of the ignorance of missions that is the ferer.

rule rather than the exception on ocean "In order to secure abundance of liners, and is found not only in busi- fish, the idol was borne thrice around ness men, quick to believe the false- its temple by a procession of naked hoods circulated by traders, but also men and women, stript for that sacred among university men and even among service. The priests or sorcerers re- some church-members. ' quired the first-fruits of every catch It is perhaps not sufficiently realized to be presented to the god, and all rare by missionary writers that a whole articles washed up by the sea or pro- generation has come up since the days cured from ships. To enforce this, when the grosser forms of heathenism the people were taught that the god were seen and reported by mission- knew everything and would send death aries. It is desirable, in order to pro- to anyone who withheld any treasure.

duce intense missionary conviction "Sometimes a sorcerer would de- among the doubters in the main aisles clare a certain person was about to be of our churches especially, that testi- sick. The victim must then reside in mony should be given by other than the temple and be treated with en- missionary witnesses of the awful chantments twice a day. He was placed past, that it may be set in effective in the smoke of a fire so that the de- contrast to the present improved tho mon's eyes might be blinded and he not id~al conditions in missionary escape. One means of divination was fIelds. spinning a cocoanut, success depend- Old-time Conditions ing on how it lay when it came to rest.

In a scientific monograph prepared "The priest or 'devil-master' must by Mr. Charles Hedley for the Aus- always fix the propitious date for ca- tralian Museum, Sydney, of which in- noes to start on voyages to other stitution he was conchologist (Memoir islands, and accompany the expedition.

'From The Christian Endeavor World If a canoe missed its destination, the each wearing the sacred leaflet on his starving crew killed and ate the false left ann, with necklaces of flowers.

prophet. In this costume they had been dancing "Each priest lived apart in idleness, and performing wild incantations to except as he was occasionally occupied the gods all night. In response, their with incantations. He secured an oracle, speaking through the idol abundance of free lunches by the priest, had declared no foreign god or promise of divine favor or punishment. missionary teacher should be allowed When he would have the people think to land.

he was receiving a message from the "In r873, when these conditions gods, he acted as one 'possest,' glarin!:; existed, it was also the custom when in wild frenzy, foaming, and raving. a great chief or much-loved head of "In one representative pantheon, a family died to disinter the corpse that of Niutao, a series of oval and on the third day, cut off the head, flat stones were each considered the from which the 'sacred men' would abode of a particular god. The people gnaw the dead flesh and eat it, and standing near worshiped all those then the skull was placed on a tray in gods at once. In one idol-house the the temple beside other skulls to be god was the central side post, larger thenceforward an object of worship.

and crookeder than the other posts, but Periodically these sacred skulls were wholly destitute of carving. To this taken down to be oiled, while women crooked, eyeless, handless god were wept and beat their eyes until they offered three green cocoanuts and a were so swollen that they must keep sacred leaflet twice a day. Another the house for days.

cocoanut leaf was fastened to the wor- "On the arrival of a ship or canoe shipers' arm as a badge of fidelity to from any other island or country, dis- his idol. In one temple a smooth agreeable incantations were performed pebble on a swinging tray was wor- for half a day in a burning sun to shiped as an idol. Many natives wor- deprecate the wrath of the gods in re- shiperl the devil under the symbols of gard to the new arrival. They prayed cocoanut leaves, skip-jacks, and also that no disease might be brought wooden posts. by the ship, or if brought, it might be "In the same island Niutao every 'taken to Fiji.'

heathen family had a small devil-hut "Closely related to ancestor-worship in which a grass hammock was swung is the fear that the ghosts of dead for the evil spirit to sleep in, where n;latives would return to injure the offerings of fresh nuts were brought living, to prevent which the dead were every morning. These offerings at in the pagan days buried face down- the many shrines were usually eaten wards, chin and knees meeting, and by the priests. the limbs tied securely with strong "In Nanomana the skulls of de- cord. Articles of value and utility parted chiefs were laid on the altars, were buried with the dead, partly to under which were suspended offerings placate their ghosts, no doubt, and of pearl shell and other valuables. One partly to provide for their future sub- god was represented by an unchiseled sistence.

block of stone six feet high, resemb- "In the native huts no fires were ling a gravestone. These savages kindled at night lest it should prevent worshiped shooting-stars and rain- the gods coming in a shadowy form bows, but the principal objects of wor- with a message. Half a century ago, ship were skulls and jaw-bones of the in some of the more isolated islands, dead. where the natives were ignorant of "On the arrival of a company of any land but the spot they inhabited, Europeans in those pagan days, crowds drift-logs that came to the shore were of men ran to the beach to meet them, deemed direct gifts from a propitiated besmeared with ashes mixed with oil, deity. A native boy, on hearing thunder, told a traveler it was their god turn they habitually carried with them shooting pigeons." a boy captive to Tonga, to serve, when he grew to manhood, as a reminder Social Customs.-"As usual among that the northern islands were ripe for the Polynesians, sexual morality on another foray.

Funafuti was of the laxest before the "One of the Tongan chiefs who reintroduction of Christianity, and chas- mained in possession of Funafuti after tity was unknown. A wife belonged such a foray practised cannibalism to to her husband in so far as she shared such an extent that after a short while his home. He supported her, and there were only women and children was entitled to the produce of ber left. Clubs and great double-edged labor; but he did not claim the exclu- wooden swords, fifteen feet long and sive right to her person. If a man edged with sharks' teeth, were kept desired the society of another man's in the larger temples for display on wife, he might throw a pebble into the festive occasions in honor of the gods." hut as he walked by. The complaisant husband, accepting the signal, would The Entrance of Light then leave and allow the visitor to enter unmolested." So in Nanomana, The foregoing are facts laboriously "women, tho married, were common, verified by a scientist by examination but the children belonged to the legal of many witnesses, native and foreign. husband." These cruel customs and the more cruel fears that filled the people's "The usual sequence of such unre- hearts with daily terrors have mostly stricted intercourse, infanticide, was disappeared in such islands as have generally practised upon Funafuti. In- for half a century been under misdeed, it was once obligatory to destroy sionary influence before the "light that each alternate child. Mothers were maketh all things new." The heathen expected to enter the lagoon before temples have been torn down. The an expected birth, that the child might "devil-masters" have disappeared. be immediately drowned. On N iutao and N ukufetau the ancient rule was Hawaii, for example, once blighted to rear only two children in each fam- with such darkness as we have deily. In some islands it was the custom scribed, is to-day the embodiment of for the men only to eat porpoises, for Christian brotherhood. All races it was a superstition that if women mingle in school and business, church ate them their children would have and society, in absolute equality of porpoise faces. Two or more married privilege. These native converts are CDuples often lived together in a hut by no means faultless. Many of them of about twelve feet by twenty. are but children in mental and moral strength. They feel the unfavorable "It was a common custom before influence of tropical heat and a life the introduction of Christianity to cut where the means of subsistence are off a joint of a finger on the death of easily procured, but the transformation a member of a family." wrought by missions in Pacific islands in three-quarters of a century is a War.-"The Ellice Islands were miracle that should win the support, not only of the O1ristians, but of all long ago invaded by Tongans who intelligent humanitarians. came in several gigantic war-canoes, each holding a hundred men. They Whatever God might- do for the were accustomed to make the circuit heathen in the future if we did not of the entire archipelago, landing' al evangelize them, we are bound to save each island and massacring the people. them-and there are many yet in such Their object was not head-hunting or cases as we have described-from their to procure the means of a cannibal present hell of cruelty and fear. feast, but merely slaughter to indulge their lust for bloodshed. On their re-

CONNECTING LINK *

A STORY FROM INDIA BY MISS ANSTICE ABBOTT YANRAO came She waited for his usual cheery word, out of the bungalow but when she saw him turn away in with a glow of purpose silence to put by his coat and turban, on his face. His finely her heart gave a throb of anxiety. chiseled features quiv- ered slightly, but in his Usually when he returned at even- eyes was a stedfast ing, the children were in the court, light. His head erect, he threw his "11h joyous welcome and ready for a long, white scarf gracefully with a glad play. His wife always at the quick gesture over his left shoulder door, expecting a passing caress and a and walked through the gate into the "Dinner late as usual ?" or "Rice street with a firm step. burned up, I suppose!" or something which, accompanied by a comic frown, He had come to a crisis in his life. meant, translated, "The best dinner in What was beyond, who could tell? the town is ready for me, I know." Hut now, come what would, his pur- At any rate, the pretty housekeeper pose was unchanging. There must be always took care that it should be so, no more delay. To-night the matter and she knew that her lord and master must be settled, and she-ah !–. fully appreciated the comforts of hi5 tidy home. But to-night the hour was It was growing late dusk, but his unusually late, and the children had wife's face came up clear before him. gone to bed on their mat in the next room. The mother, recalling the anxi- He recoiled a moment, almost stopt, ety in the father's eyes, and feeling and then, with a little gasp, went the silence, made ready the meal with slowly on with his head bent. He an unwonted dread in her heart. seemed to study the face before him. Her hair, how rteat it was and shining Her husband, removing his upper in its blackness, the smooth, full fore- garment as was his wont, sat down on head, the proud little nose, the sweet the floor before the well-filled board, mouth, the beautiful brown eyes, lim- and his wife waited upon him. Not pid and tender. He could even see knowing what to make of his preoccuthe pretty earrings he had just given pied face, not sad, but strangely grave, her twinkling in her dainty ears. Such she studied his every want. When, a bright, happy face altogether! Could however, in returning with fresh water he ever bear to see that loved face to refill his brass cup, she saw his hand blanched with horror, and even repul- resting on the rice, with a mouthful sian? Repulsion toward him? He shut held listlessly in his fingers, she could his eyes and set his teeth with a groan. bear the anxiety no longer, but, going Then coming to himself, he drew up behind him, she said in a low and sharply and looked about to see if any troubled voice: "Will not my lord tell one had noticed him. his Yamuna what weighs upon him? Is he ill?" Whatever the trouble, he no longer brooded over it or its result, but hast- Looking up quickly and with his ened to his home. Yes, there was the usual smile, he answered: "No, not dear face just as he had seen it, a little in the shadow of the door, but ill. r must have been thinking." with a smile of greeting. Crossing the court, he stept into the house and, "Is it of trouble? Of some calamtaking his wife's chin into his hand ity?" caressingly, he looked with tender anxiety into her loving eyes. Her eye- "No, no calamity." Then, as if to lids dropt and she moved back quickly himself: "But what the result will into the shadow that he might not see be, God only knows." a swelling tear roll down her cheek. As he fell to eating again, Yamu- nabai did not dare to question him further. She waited upon him with "From "The Stolen Bridegroom and other East Indian Idyles." Fleming H. "evell Co.. N. Y. even more care than usual. Then, after heard of Him somewhere; then, he had finished his meal she cleansed drooping her head, she answered the brass dishes, taking a mouthful gravely, "The Son of God," and here and there from what her husband trembled at her audacity. had left on his plate, for she had no heart to sit down and eat the food she "Where did you learn that?" he had laid aside for herself. said.

While she was so occupied, Nara- As she did not answer at once, he yanrao was restlessly moving about went on: "The Bible-women, as they the little room. He put his upper gar- call them, was it not? Those whom I ment on again as if to sit on the little veranda, as was his custom, ready to forbade the house? Have they been chat with any neighbor who might here ?" come in, or, as if going himself to a neighbor's; but' he did not go out. "Oh, no, they have not been here; He took a book from a shelf and put I have never disobeyed you in that." it back again; sat down to a table and She could say no more, but bowed her arranged his writing materials, then head under the expected wrath of her pushed them aside; at last, he slyly husband. took a book out of his coat pocket and began to read in it. As soon as it Narayanrao awoke at once to the was quiet in the room, the father heard realization of his own cowardice. He his little son singing very softly and was making his trembling little wife sweetly, "Jesus loves me, this I know." confess, while he was gaining time to A baby voice tried to join him as he strengthen his courage. So bravely, went on in the hymn, whereupon there but with an unsteady voice, he said: were whisperings and smothered little "Yamuna, what would you say if you gigglings. Then a repetition. The knew that your husband believed in chorus went better, for the baby sister and loved this same Jesus?" could lisp, "Jesus loves me, Jesus loves me." The man listened intently, and She started and came nearer to her when his wife seemed to have finished husband. What did he mean? Was her work, he called her to him and he in this cruel way drawing out of said: "What are the children singing? her a confession that he might de- Where did they learn that?" In an nounce her? What had he heard? In instant the little voices were hushed. the rapidity of these thoughts, she for- The children had thought their father got that he was awaiting an answer, had gone outside as usual, for their and he, guessing her thoughts, said mother had told them not to sing when gently: "Do not be afraid, my be- their father could hear them, as it loved Yamuna, but speak and tell me, would disturb him. Her true fear for it is true." was of angering him. So, in a low voice and with dread in her heart, she For answer, she sank down at his answered: "Vishnu learned it at the feet and began to weep bitterly. The mission school. You remember, you husband was greatly perplexed. W.hile 'told me I might send him there, as the he had all the time feared his wife's government school is too far away." sorrow and anger when she should learn that he had become a Christian, "Do they teach their religion to the yet at the same time he had felt that children?" something had changed her of late. It was long since he had heard her sharp "They teach them hymns and verses little tongue in torrent of scornful from their Scriptures." abuse of a neighbor or a cheating trader, but it was only the day before "Who is this Jesus they are singing that a neighbor had told him that the about!" Bible-women were going regularly to neighbor Radhabai's, and that it would The wife looked up in quick sur- be well for him to look after his wife, prize. Surely her husband must have as she was often there to hear the preaching. So, while it never entered his mind that his wife cared for those

things, he had hoped that she would the doings in Radhabai's house. But not be heartbroken at the news he had little Vishnu had to go to school, and to bring her. He bent down and the government school was far away: touched her forehead gently: "Tell what was to be done? A Christian me, Yamuna, why you weep; are you school was near and many little Brah- grieved because I have become a Chris- man boys attended it. "They learned tian ?" well," it was said, "and really their She controlled herself with a great manners were improved." So, after effort and looked up into his face. See- a deal of hesitation, Yamunabai had ing tears in her husband's eyes, but asked the father what had better be a smile on his face, she clasped her done? He, in his indifference, had hands together, and, looking up be- said: "Send him to the mission yond him, she ejaculated, "Jesus, I school. It will do him no harm while thank Thee" and then followed an- he is so young." Vishnu went. He other burst of tears. was only six years old, but a bright After a long silence, they began to little boy.

explain to each other how this had He soon conquered that long Mara- come about. As for N arayanrao, a thi alphabet singly and in all its com- tract put into his hands in the street binations, and his mother was proud had called his attention to Christ; then of him. Then he began to hum about he had occasionally stopt to hear the the house, and his little voice was very street preaching of missionaries and sweet. The mother paid no attention native helpers. Then he had bought a to the words he sang, until he began New Testament and read it. One day to teach them to his baby sister. The in his office work, he had to take a word Jesus seemed to occur very often government paper to a missionary. in the hymns and the baby learned to This gentleman's bearing and upright- lisp the name in her attempts to join ness so attracted him that this chance her dearly loved brother. "Jesus!"

meeting led to many more, until the He was the one the Bible-women were friendship ripened into Christian always telling about. "Jesus" and brotherhood. He would have confest "love" seemed always to go together Christ long before, had it not been for in the children's singing. She would fear of estranging his much-loved slip arOllnd to Radhabai's the next wife. The Whisper, the day before, time the Bible-women came there.

that Yamunabai was listening to the Radhabai had been very brave and in- Bible-women, awakened in him the dependent in welcoming these women, purpose to tell his wife of the new and she did not seem to be any the faith he had accepted. So this even- worse for it. Surely anything about ing he had come to his house later love could not be very bad! So think- than usual, having spent an hour with ing, Yamunabai at first stood at Rad- his friend, the missionary, in asking habai's door. She would not go in.

counsel and prayer, and in receiving The next time she did "just step in."

strength and encouragement. But "the old, old story" was so very As for Yamunabai, when she saw· sweet, it had in time conquered her, that her husband's "early hours, etc." and the proud little Brahman widow had made him neglect the worship of sat with other Brahman women, at the their gods, she had been more assid- feet of those whom before they had uous than ever in all the religious reviled and called "the defiled women."

duties of the day, as a loyal Brahman Sitting there, they heard of the love wife should be. When the Bible- of Christ; how He suffered and died, women began to come into their little that they, the women of India, might street, she heard them with curiosity be saved.

until her husband had forbidden her The husband and wife took no note to ask them into their court. Then she of time as they related their heart's tossed her little head in fine scorn of history to each other. And Yamuna-

GOD THINKS OF MISSIONS

bai, after she had finished her story, I should have been heartbroken also asked her husband when it was that to think that our happy home. had he had first begun to think of -these ceased to be. The missionaries are things. wise to send women to teach us women about the Savior, otherwise there "Nearly two years ago," he an- would be nothing but quarrels and swered. "The day our N ana, our first- partings. The men would be saved, born, died. Coming back from the but we poor wives, how could we know burning-ground a man on the street of the love of Christ? But now the put a tract in my hand. I should have same Ouist who meets you in the indignantly pushed it away only that streets, and comes to our children in the large heading caught my eye: 'He the schools, finds us in our own homes. shall live again!' I took the tract, Blest be His name! The Bible-women read it, and re-read it many times. are such good, kind women, too. Oh, That was the beginning. For a year how happy I am to-night." I have been almost persuaded to become a Christian; the fear of breaking ill'arayanrao's face also shone with up our happy home has prevented me, joy, as reverently bending over the and I do not know when I should have table with his hand on his wife's shoulhad the courage to make the decision der, he thanked the Lord for His wonand tell you of it, if Mahadarao had derful salvation and asked Him to not cautioned me to look after you. bless the Bible-women who had been But I thought if my wife listens to the means of bringing them together the Bible-women she will not be very at the feet of Christ. angry with me, and I could not help a little hope that possibly she might Thus the little Brahman home had sympathize with me." its first consecration by family prayer to "the King eternal, immortal, invis- "Ah, yes," said Yamunabai, "if I ible, the only wise God," the God who had not listened to the Bible-women "so loved the world that He gave His how very different things would have only begotten Son, that whosoever bebeen to-night. I should have been so lieveth in Him should not perish, but horrified, so very angry with you, and have everlasting life."

WHAT GOD THINKS OF MISSIONS * BY C. F. REID I}SJ0ME months since I to, and this proved a little too much. was attending a district I arose and said: "Keither does the conference in a wealthy devil think much of foreign missions, rural section where na- nor did the church-members in Christ's ture seemed to have poured out her gifts day. The important question, my with lavish abandon. brother, is not what the devil or the The reports the preachers were giving Pharisees or your people think about of their work were not very encour- foreign missions, but what God thinks aging. Finally one young man arose on the subject." and said, "My people don't think much of foreign missions," and said it in a StiII pondering over the incident, I way that indicated that he rather sym- returned to my room and oicked up pathized with them. my Bible. I found that God's first promise to faIl en man was a mission- My nerves had become somewhat ary promise. I found that God said unstrung by the reports I had listened to Abram: "Get thee out of thy coun- try and from thy kindred and fr0111 *.From The Missionary J! oice

thy father's house, unto a land that would make him a Jew. He would I will show thee and in thee have none of it and named himself the shall all the families of the earth be "Son of Man"-the great, universal blessed." Abram was evidently a for- man. iThen he speaks of the scope of eign missionary. his mission, he cries, "I am the light I found that Joseph was a mission- of the world/' and when he indicates ary to Egypt, Jonah a missionary to that of his disciples, he declares: "Ye Nineveh, and Daniel a missionary to are the salt of the earth." .

Babylon. God did not always have a When Jesus taught his disciples to Board of Missions to work through or pray, he taught them to pray in world a great ocean liner by which to trans- terms. In his own wondrous prayer port his missionaries, but he saw to it in the seventeenth chapter of John the that transportation was provided and word "world" occurs thirteen times, that his sent men arrived. I found and the words "Judea" and "Jerusa- that David was a great missionary lem" not at all.

hymnologist. When Jesus promised, he promised Isaiah was the missionary prophet. in world terms: "Go ye therefore, and 'hat a ring of missionary triumph teach all nations, baptizing them in the there is in the sixtieth chapter! In name of the Father, and of the Son, another moment of spiritual exaltation and of the Holy Ghost; teaching them he is able to project his prophetic to observe all things whatsoever I have vision through twenty-seven centuries commanded you: and la, 1 am with and see China (the Land of Sinim) you alway, even unto the end of the coming to Christ and to declare that world. Amen." Many people would "the nation and kingdom that will not like to have the promise without the serve him shall perish; yea, those na- condition. That is not God's way. He tions shaIl be utterly wasted." who would have the companionship As I glanced through it seemed to of the Master must walk where he me that the Old Testament was simply walks, and he walks most where he a record of God's missionary trans- is most needed.

actions, making and unmaking nations Some one said to Tohn Foster, for- and, by providences and providential merly Secretary of State: "Mr. Fos- men, preparing for the great mission- ter, why are you so interested in send- arv c;c,J11paivl1 of his neerless Mission- ing the Gospel to China? The Chi- ary, Jesus Christ, His Son. nese have their own religion, and they On the night Jesus was born God don't want yours." Mr. Foster re- sent his angel choir with glory and plied: "Why did God send Jesus power to proclaim again his unswerv- Christ to Judea? They had their own ing missionary program: "I bring religious beliefs and did not want his, you good tidings of great joy which and as soon as they understood his shall be to all people." When the days mission they began to persecute him of preparation were past and he stood and finally nailed him to the cross, a on the threshold of his ministry, the missionary martyr."

same great policy was announced by So as I read and pondered I thought his forerunner: "Behold the Lamb of again of my preacher friend who re- God that taketh away the sin of"- ported "My people don't think much Judea? Nay, verily!-"the sin of the of missions," and I thought to myself: 'World." "Well, your people and the devil don't In speaking of his mission, he de- think much of missions, but God thinks clares: "My meat is to do the will of much of missions, and I prefer to him that sent me." What is a mission- throw my lot in with Him until from ary but one who is sent/' The Jews Terusalem to Timbuctoo the Son of wanted to limit the sphere of his min- God and Son of the universal man istry, even as many do to-day, and so shall have found the universal lost he they called him "Son of David." That came to seek and to save."

EDITORIALS

COMPARATIVE RELIGION out the revelation given through Christ and the Bible. History proves that CHRISTIANITY as presented by there is "no other Name under heaven our Lord Jesus Christ and by His given among men, whereby we must apostles will stand the test of the most be saved" than the name of Jesus rigid investigation. Its ideals and doc- Christ. He came to a lost worldtrines need not fear comparison with lost, away from God, not knowing the the best that all the other religions of way to God and unable to find the way the world can offer. Confucianism and Home. Those who worship idols do early Chinese theism teach a lofty not worship God. Idolatry and the code of morals and a high idea of non-Christian religions form, not God. Buddhism has much beauty and stepping-stones, but stumbling blocks truth in its doctrines of self-abnega- to those seeking God. Idolatry has tion ane! in the example of its founder. ever been a heinous sin and has been Shinto has high ideals of character connected with gross abominations. and loyalty. Hinduism and Zoroastrianism are not without a large amount Anyone who holds that missionof moral and philosophical beauty and aries should not teach non-Christians strength. Islam makes a powerf'lll they are lost without Christ, would presentation of monotheism and devo- make Him to have lived and died in tion to God. Even the pagan religions vain, and take issue with Him who have elements of truth, and in their said, "The Son of Man came to seek deepest truths and highest interpreta- and to save that which was lost." tions of their religion may be credited with some good influence in keeping A MISSIONARY PRESS BUREAU men and women from utter indifference to God. T HIS is an age for pUblicity. The gathering and scattering of news But these religions are all so unau- is both an art and a business of trethoritative in their teachings and so mendous proportions. The work of powerless to lead men to God and to Christian missions is the greatest busiset them free from the bondage of sin, ness in the world. It has the greatest that we come from a study of com- field, the greatest commodity, the parative religion with the conviction greatest list of backers and patrons, that Christianity presents the only true the greatest force of agents, the greatinterpretation of God and the only re- est benefits conferred on the recipients, vealed way of salvation for man. the greatest Power behind it, and the greatest assurance of success. Some students of comparative religion are becoming apologists for Surely, if ever a business deserved heathenism, and even take issue with proper advertising or exploitation it Christ as to the character and influence is the missionary business. It would of idolatry. They hold that these re- pay the missionary boards and societies ligions are "stages of spiritual devel- to secure the services of the best Chrisopment in a humanity seeking after tian newspaper agents obtainable, and God." Some even go so far as to say to entrust to them the work of gatherthat "no missionary to-day would tell ing news from all the world and of pagans that he feared Mussulmans and scattering it through the religious and Hindus would be lost." secular press and among representa- tives of Christian churches. There are unique instances in which pagans or other non-Christians have Nothing of this kind has ever been come very near to God, but there are undertaken on an adequate scale. It no instances in which any pagan or would need to be sufficiently financed non-Christian people have been led to and to be manned by men and women know God and follow him truly with- of experience, but it might do untold

good in correcting false reports and ably to "investigate missions" there, disseminating stimulating, educational and so on around the world. facts as to the progress of the Kingdom of God. Such a news bureau It is positively stated that Mr. Ruswould become a clearing-house for sell did not meet a single missionary missionary information that is not mis- in Tokyo, while, if his purpose had information. Here is an opportunity been genuine, he could have stayed for some Christian philanthropist to until January 3rd, when a hundred of do an immense work for Christ and the leading missionaries of Japan met His Church. in the annual conference of the Fed- erated Missions of Japan. At that A PECULIAR INVESTIGATION OF conference he could have learned something from the missionaries about MISSIONS their work and its outlook.

W E do not believe in advertising Advertising is an art, and the finan- what we have reason to consider cial success of many a "fake" business a fraud, but at times attention should enterprise is due to extensive and be called to frauds already widely ad- skillful use of printer's ink. Pastor vertised. "Pastor C. T. Russell" has Russell is a great advertiser, and has been posing before the Christian people deceived many good people into thinkof the United States and other coun- ing him a great teacher. His record tries since 1886. His publications in Pittsburgh has been exposed by the were issued at first under the some- Brooklyn Eaglc. His teachings are what ostentatious title "Millennial exposed in a recent pamphlet published Dawn" from "Zion's Watch Tower," by C. C. Cook, New York, and in The Pittsburgh, Pa. Then he removed to Fundamentals. Brooklyn, N. Y., whence his publications now come forth under misleading rHE ARTHUR T. PIERSON MEMORIAL titles like "People's Pulpit of Brooklyn," "Brooklyn Tabernacle," "Inter- A Year Ago-A Year Hence national Bible Students' League," etc. The teachings of Mr. Russell have ONE year ago, on June 3, 191 I, been shown to be "a mixture of Uni- Arthur T. Pierson, the Editor-intarianism, Universalism, Second Pro- chief of the MISSIONARY REVIEW for bation, and Restorationism." nearly a quarter of a century, "fell asleep" at his home in Brooklyn. He Lately this much advertised speaker left a rich heritage in the volumes that started upon an "investigation" of mis- had come from his pen, and in the sions under the auspices of tht "Inter- personal influence that his life and national Bible Students' Association." words had exerted on thousands of The report of this so-called investiga- other lives. tion has been published in se.cular magazines and papers, but no friend The last active work he did was in of Christian missions should be mis- connection with a journey to the misled by such an "investigation." sion field, when he visited Japan and Korea and wrote concerning the re- Dr. J. L. Dearing, of Japan, calls sults of his observation. The eagerattention to the fact that the party ar- ness of the Koreans for the Word of rived in Yokohama on December 30th. God, their readiness to sacrifice time The next day Mr. Russell preached and money for an opportunity to study in Tokyo at the Y. M. C. A. Hall, and teach it, and the apostolic characwhich had been secured under misrep- ter of the work in Korea greatly imresentation by some advance agent. prest him. No missionaries ever The audience was very small. On seemed to be more filled with the Holv Monday, January 1st, the party started Spirit or more true to the Bible and by an overland express journey to Christ ~ha.n those in charge of the Koovertake its steamer at Kobe, whence rean mIssIons. its members sailed for China, presum- It was, therefore, suggested by friends that funds be given for a Pierson .Memorial Bible School in Korea, trustees in Seoul, when they have been the cost to be determined by the duly organized and incorporated. The amount of the contributions. There following- conditions are made by the were some generous responses in sums New York Committee: ranging between $5 and $5,000 each. I. The school shall be union or After much correspondence and con- interdenominational and shall be called ferences with missionaries of the Pres- "The Arthur T. Pierson Memorial byterian and Methodist churches and Bible School."

the Y. M. C. A. in Korea, the com- 2. It shall be located in Seoul, Ko- mittee have undertaken to cooperate rea, on a site selected by the trustees with the Union Bible Institute in Seoul and approved by the New York Com- to establish the Memorial Bible School mittee.

in the Capital City. The amount ~. The purpose of the school shall needed is at least $35,000, as follows: be to teach the Bible, as the "only in- r. Main building, containing class- fallible rule of faith and !practise"

rooms, auditorium, administration of- and to train Korean Christians for fices, library and social rooms, $r6,o00. Christian work. Its teachings shall in- 2. Men's dormitory, for about 70 clude the deity of Jesus Christ and sal- men, three in a room, $7,000. vation only through his atoning work.

3. Women's dormitory, for about 70 4. The Board of Trustees shall be women, three in a room, $7,000. composed of representatives of mis- Land must also be purchased and sions working in Seoul, including the equipment must be provided, so that Presbyterian Mission (North) and the $35,000 is a small sum with which to Methodist Episcopal Missions (North provide for 150 Korean Christians and South). Members shaH be elected each year, that they may be trained in annually to serve three years, shall be a knowledge of the Bible and for nominated by the board and elected Christian work. by the missions which they represent.

We venture to say that no similar 5. The financial support of the Bible amount could be invested at home or School shall be guaranteed by the vari- elsewhere that could mean as much ous missions represented on the board, for the advancement of the cause of in amounts proportionate to their rep- ] esus Christ. To-day is the critical resentation.

time in Korea, and presents opportu- 6. The final plans for buildings, or- nities for converting a nation and for ganization and management of the molding a church that may never be Bible School shall be submitted to the presented again. New York Committee for approval be- The committee have already re- fore adoption. After the final approval ceived in cash and pledges about $17,- of these, the New York Committee 000, and it is hoped that other friends shall be discontinued.

of Dr. Pierson and of his Master, Any friends who are led to desire Jesus Christ, will be glad to take a to contribute toward this work, may share in this great work. There have send their gifts to the office of the been no direct appeals for funds, as MISSIONARY REVIEW, checks and the committee believe that givers money orclers being- made payable to should be moved by the Spirit of God. order of D. W. McWilliams, treas.

The purpose is not to perpetuate a A year hence-who can prophecy 1'an.(', Lut to carryon a work for God what awaits tis? What will be the -a 'vvork tbat is greatly needed and results of our stewardship? Will that that has already marked signs of His which we have, still be in our hands blessing. to give, or will we have been called The committee proposes to place the to give an account to God? A vear $17,000 already contributed, and what- hence we hope that the Memorial Bible ever other sums may be Riven for the School will be a reality and a power same purpose, into the hands of the for God in Korea. THE CHURCH AND THE from the statement of the superintend- ent of the City Mission that she and IMMIGRANTS her two women assistants can use nine languages, while the three mission- I N the article by Mr. Leroy Hodges aries in the Congregational churches (MISSIONARY REVIEW, March, can use six more, but that these fifteen 1912, page 167), attention is called to languages are only about one-half of the fact that, generally speaking, "the thuse needed for work in the cosmo- churches in America are not doing politan city. their full duty" toward the immi- grants. This is, unfortunately, true, The problem of the Church and the but at the same time there are many immigrant is a most complex and dif- churches and some whole communities ficult one, and it can not be handled which are carefully and systematically until we have missionaries for each studying the subject of their duty to nationality who are familiar with the the foreigners at their doors, and they slJecific language. In an early num- are trying to meet their obligations. A ber of the REVIEW we are to give our good example of this we have found readers the story of "What New in New Britain, Conn., a manufactur- Britain Churches Are Doing for the ing city where the population is 80 Immigrants." per cent. foreign, and largely very recently foreign. "THE CATHOLIC WORLD"-A CORRECTION In New Britain the City Mission works through the churches, and, I N the April number of the REVIEW since it has no separate hall or building a paragraph appeared, credited to where to hold services, in the churches. the Catholic World, which stated that Different churches open their doors to Homan Catholics were to wield their different sets of foreigners, who, as votes to gain the ascendency in Amerfar as possible, are ministered to in ica. This paragraph and sentiment is their own language, until they can un- repudiated by the editor of the Cathoderstand English and be drawn into lic World, who says that it never apthe Sunday-school and regular serv- peared in those pages. ices. The City Mission's superintendent, Mrs. B. W. Labaree (formerly a It seems to have originated in some missionary in Persia), and her assist- other paper and was copied by the ants are available at any time for start- MISSIONARY REVIEW. By mistake the ing and carrying on such work in the name of the paper from which it was different churches, the plan being to copied was omitted. We regret this start as rapidly as seems wise and error and are thankiul that the paraprofitable, different lines of City Mis- graph is repudiated by the Catholic sion work in the different churches, World. and to direct such work only so long as is necessary until the church can CREDIT GIVEN take control of it. T HE very clever and striking illus- The two large Congregational trations that appeared in our May churches of New Britain have had and]une numbers, "The True Chriswork for distinct nationalities for a tian Eye-glasses," and "The Lord's number of years, not, in any sense, Prayer Revised," should have been under the direction of the City Mis- credited to the United Presbyterian sion, tho in close cooperation with it. Year Book, from which ihey were They are employing three mission- copied. aries. The wheel showing the Bible as the But while New Britain is making an hub for the "Evangelization of the effort to reach the foreigners and the World," in our June number, should lapsed masses in the city, there is much have been credited to the International room for improvement. This is clear Sunday-school Association.

WORLD-WIDE

MISSIONARY NEWS THE OCEAN WORLD dominion legislature submitted to the Church Union in Australia vote of the people a proposal that the manufacture, sale and importa- T HE Episcopalians and Presbyter- tion of intoxicating liquors into the ians in Australia have agreed upon islands should be forever prohibited. a basis of cooperation and union in The result of the voting was a very which there is a statement concerning sub3tantial majority adverse to the orders, each apparently retaining its sa1oons-2 55,ooo votes for prohibiown formula of faith. The resolu- tion as opposed to 202,000 against tion reported it as follows: "That it. But the affirmative majority in a union of the Church of England in this case figures out only 55 per cent. Australia and Tasmania and the Pres- of the total poll, and the constitubyterian Church of Australia be ef- tion of the dominion provides 'that a fected and consummated, by a joint referendum of this sort shall not be solemn act under the authority and considered to have carried unless the sanction of both churches, in which affirmative amounts to 60 per cent. each church shall confer upon the presbyters of the other all the rights of the total. Had this extra 5 per and privileges neccessary for the exercise of their office in the united cent. been won over to prohibition, church, so that from the moment of the liquor traffic would have had four such union all the presbyters of each years to wind up its affairs, and 1916 church shall have equal status in the would have been the first prohibition united church." year in New Zealand.

A Samoan Note-Marvel in Samoa I Famous Philippine School Burned IN the South Seas! The Samoan Christians contributed $23,000 last T HE Jaro Industrial School, one of year toward general missionary work, the most progressive of all schools four times as much as in 1901. Vol- in the Philippines, has just burned. unteer Polynesian missionaries are It was located quite near to Iloilo, going from Samoa, Rarotonga, and upon Panay Island, and was estab- the Gilbert Islands to carry the Gos- lished by the American Baptist For- pel to the Papuans of New Guinea.

eign Missionary Society. It was ac- The Samoans have brought a pastor commodating 349 boys and had a large from China to care for the Chinese staff of native teachers, with Rev. W. coolies emigrating to Samoa.

O. Valentine as principal. The Successor of Father Damien It is the intention to rebuild the B school as soon as money can be se- ROTHER DUTTON, successor of Father Damien and last survivor cured for the purpose, because it is greatly needed for the traimng of of the first leper nurses of Molokai, self-supporting young men of the Hawaii, is now facing the death middle-class, to whom it offers aca- which made Father Damien's name demic, industrial, and religious train- known throughout the civilized world.

ing. Brother Dutton, or Captain Ira Barnes Dutton, as he was known be- New Zealand Almost for Prohibition fore entering the missionary field, is NEW ZEALAND, in a recent ref- a civil war veteran. Enlisting as a erendum, very narrowly missed member of the Janesville City (Vt.) the honor of becoming the first solidly Zouave Cadets, he rose to the rank of prohibition nation of the world. The captain. After the war he entered

the services of the Louisville and taneously. They are called the Cha- N ashville railroad, subsequently join- pels of the tongues, and each one ing the Dominican Fathers at Mem- named after its benefactor.

phis. He was living in a Trappist The New Water Street Mi••ion monastery when the story of Father T Damien's heroic work at Molokai HE famous Jerry McAuley Mis- sion, where so many "down-andreached him. Vhen Father Damien died in 1889 Brother Dutton suc- outs" have been regenerated and ceeded him. have been brought "up-and-into" the Samoa and India Send Gifts Church of Christ, has opened its new building at 3 r6 Water Street, New T HE astonishing and growing liber- York. May the blessing of God rest upon Mr. and Mrs. Wyburn and . ality of some of the Polynesian Mrs. Lamont as they continue in missions of the London Missionary their labors of love for the rescue of Society gives a challenge to the home these human relicts who have made churches. The churches, in parti- shipwreck of life by dishonesty and cular, of the Samoan Islands of the South' Pacific have this year sent drink. Five thousand dollars would home to the parent society gifts of pay' the last indebtedness on the £5,073. This sum comes from chur- building. ches which have in all less ·than 9,000 members. Jt forms an increase of The New Methodist Secretaries A nearly a thousand pounds on the sum T the recent Methodist General Conference in Minneapolis, Dr. sent last year and is more than double the sum sent four years ago, which A. B. Leonard resigned as Secretary was £2,403. The figure becomes of the Foreign Board, Dr. Homer C. more impressive when we remember Stuntz was made a bishop, and in their that the Samoan churches of the Lon- places three new secretaries were elecdon Missionary Society, quite apart ted: Rev. Frank Mason North, D.D.; from these sums sent home, support Mr. S. Earle Taylor, of the Methodist 192 ordained native pastors and 260 Laymen's Movement, and Bishop W. native preachers.-L. M. S. Chronicle. F. Oldham, formerly missionary to AMERICA India and Malaysia. They will make The Chapels of the Tongues strong, aggressive missionary direc- tors. The former secretaries have EVERY day some sign is given us been enabled to build up a great work. of the cosmopolitan character of Our expectations for wise and steady our great cities. At a recent confirma- advance grows strong with the new tion service in St. Bartholomew's officers.

Church in N ew York, 5 different lan- Works of Methodist Women guages were employed-English, Swe- E dish, German, Armenian and Chinese. VERY four years, at the conven- ing of the General Conference, Rev. Hugo Holmgren presented 14 Swedes to Bishop Greer; Rev. A. the vVoman's Foreign Missionary Yahannan, 8 Armenians; Rev. Max Society of the Methodist Episcopal Pinkert, 32 Germans; and Rev. R. S. Church presents a summarized report W. 'Wood, 2 Chinamen. Members of of its work to the General Conference.

several other nationalities were pre- At its recent session held in Minne- sent to witness the scene. The Epis- apolis the Society reported 387 mis- copal Cathedral of St. John the Di- sionaries on the foreign field, native vine in New York has 7 chapels pro- workers 1,948, Bible women 2,000, jecting as spokes from a hub around schools 919 with 26,310 pupils, and 18 the great altar in the chancel. In hospitals. This work is maintained in these chapels services in 7 different the homeland by 5,877 societies in languages will be going on simul- churches that have a membership of

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186,I I4, and by young peoples' and Merchants and Minions children's societies that are composed of 100,I36 members. In the four NOT long ago the San Francisco years the society expended for foreign Associated Chamber of Com- work $2,711,548.32, merce sent a party of representative business men to China in order to The women in German Methodist increase acquaintance and develop churches in the United States have so- commercial relations. They had not cieties that number 7,997 members, expected to come into any especial and their colIections for the four years contact with missions or to consider past totaled $9 I ,434.08. them at all. But since the mission- aries have preceded the merchants in The American Baptists China they were forced to learn something about mission work. At T HE American Baptist Foreign first they were divided in their opin- Missionary Society is fortunate ions–one-third favoring, one-third in retaining the services of Dr. F. P. opposed and one-third indifferent. Haggard as Home Secretary. They But at the last meeting before their have also elected as Foreign Secretary return, held in Hong Kong, the matter in the place of Dr. T. S. Barbour, who was put to vote and the twenty-five resigned, an able Missionary advocate commissioners voted unanimously in Rev. James H. Franklin, D.D., of favor of missions. These men were Colorado Springs. He has already not merely from San Francisco but entered upon his duties and wilI doubt- were picked citizens selected from less develop into an able missionary Spokane to San Diego. In their offi- statesman. Dr. Franklin is a Virgin- cial report they say, "To the great ian by birth, about forty years of age work done by the missionaries in all and has had experience of District parts of China is due, doubtless, in a Home Missionary Secretary and as a large part, the wonderful progress member of the Commission sent to made in education and commerce -investigate conditions in the Kongo within recent years, and much of Free State. He has been a member of Chinese officialdom cheerfully extends the Northern Baptist Convention them due credit." Executive Committee and a member of the Board of Managers of The Some Missionary Offerings in New York Foreign Missionary Society. Thus he comes to the work with knowledge T HE Protestant Episcopal Diocese from study and practical experience. of New York has a committee called "The Cooperating Committee Free Baptist and Baptists in the Laymen's Missionary Move- ment." This committee reports some T HE report chronicles the merging very encouraging indications of ac- of the Free Baptist missionary tivity and success, among which are interests, which brought to the For- the following of special interest: eign Society the Bengal Mission with funds and securities amounting to The Church of the Incarnation in- $65,81 I .55. The transfer meeting of creased its offerings from $II ,000 to $17,700 last year. Ten churches gave October 5 was "an epoch-marking between $r,ooo and $2,000 each; one church gave $2,500; four churches occasion," a practical accomplishment gave between $3,300 and $3,800 each; of union. Dr. A. 'vV. Anthony, who was elected Joint Secretary of the one church gave $4,200; another, $5,- three General Societies, has been serving since October last and the 045; another, $12,770; another, $12,- results of his work have fulIy demon- 884; another, $13,350; another, $17,- strated the wisdom of his appoint- 785. It is expected that one-half of ment. the churches in the diocese will use the duplex envelope system before the year is ended, which would mean

probably a doubling of financial re- Activity of Canadian Laymen turns .and other advantages besides. THE Laymen's Missionary Move- Last year the committee worked for Inent in Canada has recently conmoney, but this year it works for men, and the money is easily taken care of. ducted a remarkable series of I I mis- sionary conventions. The entire Do- "Fruits of the Women's Jubilee" minion, from west to east, has been touched and thoroughly aroused.

AT the Triennial Conference of the These conventions mark another dis- Women's Boards of Foreign Mis- tinct step in the life of the Canadian ions held in Philadelphia, some very churches. The Canadian council of interesting figures were presented by the Laymen's Missionary Movement Mrs. Henry W. Peabody in her ad- reports the following increase in condress on the Fruits of the ] ubilec. tributions from the respective denomi- Pittsburgh led the van in the Post Ju- nations during the three years since bilee work so far as results can be its inauguration: Anglican from actually tabulated. In that city there $252,910 to $354,128; Baptist, from are 6,500 new members of mission- $207,679 to $296,569; Congregational, ary societies 2,300 subscriptions to from $29,948 to $41,500; Disciples, missionary magazines and I03 new from $9,057 to $9,675; Evangelical organizations. The Jubilee gifts in Association, from $7,606 to $II,I42; money from Pittsburgh totaled $100, Lutheran, from $9,633 to $15,462; 925, at the date of this report. Among Methodist, from $50~MO<j to $749,- other cities receiving honorable men- 677; Presbyterian, from $466,4I8 to tion were Dayton, 0., Evanston, Ill., $738,297.

Philadelphia, and Beverly, Mass. AThe Fruit of Persecution in Brazil N unlettere? negr~ wom~n was A Rest Home for Missionaries MANY a missionary comes home converted III a VIllage III Sao on his furlough tired and worn, Paulo, Brazil, and proceeded to buy perhaps weakened by bad climate, or a Bible. Unable to read it herself, just recovering from illness. He needs she would call together her neighbors, a place where he can rest and recu- sing a few hymns, give her testimony, perate, but his salary, small at its and then hand the book to a school best, is frequently reduced when at boy who read to the assembled comhome. Many of the Missionary socie- pany. For this offense she and her ties of Germany have provided free friends were arrested at the instiga- Rest Homes for their missionaries on tion of a priest, beaten and set to work furlough and their families. The on the roads. INhen they were re- United States do not yet have such leased they were so bitterly persecuted institutions. that they were forced to leave their We are glad to know, therefore, homes. Now in 14 different villages that there has been established, under evangelization work is proceeding a~ the auspices of the International Medi- a result of the religious activities of cal Missionary Society, a place, these refugees. Mr. Terrell, the Me- Mountain Rest, at Lithia, Mass., thodist pastor at U ruguayana, has the where missionaries and their families oversight of these centers.-Records can rest. The charges for board are of Christian Work.

so small that the poorest missionary The Presbyterian Jubilee in Brazil is able to pay them, the management is Christian, and the surroundings of FIFTY-THREE years ago, August the place, which is located in the Berk- I2, r859, Rev. Ashbel Simonton shire Hills, are beautiful and healthful. landed in Rio de Janeiro. Two years Mrs. L. W. Cleaveland, Lithia, Mass., later, on January 12, 1862, two Bra- is in charge. zilians canfest Christ and founded

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the first Presbyterian church. This ica, and many of the native Indians year their lineal descendants united have been baptized by them. In many in a jubilee celebration. The present parts of the vast continent they held building has 1,200 sittings, but is sway over the natives and have built too small. The total gifts of the fine churches. These churches have church amount to $10,000 a year, and fallen to ruins, and the great mass of 46 new members were received du- the baptized Indians and of their chil- ring jubilee week. Five other churches dren have reverted to their pagan faith. in the city have grown out of this Many of these converts continued, in church, which is the strongest in their ignorance, to mingle pagan and South America. Roman Catholic customs. Thus, soon after the departure of the priests, Moravian Mission in Surinam many of the baptized pagans returned entirely to the religion and practises "FOREIGN and home mission work of their ancestors. But few of the in- should ever go hand in hand, all habitants of the great interior forests of South America have been reached the world over," says the 111oravian by any missionaries, and thus it comes Missions, published by the English that to-day there are hundreds of In- Moravian Society, which has exten- dian tribes in South America which sive work in East Central Africa, and are utterly uncivilized and have never especially in the great Surinam dis- heard the Gospel. In Peru alone there trict, "and it is interesting to see that are 69 such tribes. The difficulties our foreign mission in Surinam has of their evangelization are tremendous, considerable home activities. There partly on account of their mode of are prayer and Bible reading unions living and their scattered condition, in several congregations, as well as partly on account of their prejudice societies of Christian Endeavor for against the white man, from whose youths and girls and children." Para- ancestors their fathers suffered atrocimaribo has its "Bible and Tract So- ties, the like of which have only been ciety." Two Christian papers are pub- excelled, if excelled at all, on the lished there-the 5 onntagsblad, in Kongo. But are difficulties a valid Dutch, and the Makzien, in Negro- excuse for leaving the preaching of the English-and each is taken by about Gospel undone? These Indians need 500 subscribers. the Gospel of the Lord Jesus Christ. They should have it. The figures of the educational activities of Surinam Mission show 33 EUROPE-GREAT BRITAIN day-schools, with 3,183 scholars, and IS Sunday-schools, with 1,642 Sun- A Year of the Greatest Bible Society day-scholars. T HE 108th anniversary meeting of The Surinam Mission has a mem- the British and Foreign Bible Sobership of 27,141. Six churches in ciety was held recently. The report Paramaribo, the capital of Surinam, have 13,689 members. Some of the for the year, presented by Rev. J. H. churches there have a membership of over 3,000. There are c.olony stations Ritson, showed a record circulation, where churches have a total member- a record income, and "a record expendiship of II,973. Of these, 2,127 belong ture. The total issues amounted to to Bushland congregations far up five 7,394,523 copies, in 440 languages, inof the great rivers of Surinam-the cluding those of eight new versions. Marowijne, the Cottica, the Surinam, These include Dabida, a dialect of the the Saramacca, and the Coppename. Taita tongue, spoken in British East Africa; Beta, the speech of a tribe of South America's Indians Land Dyaks, in Borneo; Kiwai, for a people living on the Fly River, New NEARLY four hundred years ago Guinea; Limba, a language current the Jesuits and other Roman Catholic orders entered South Amer-

among the negroes of Sierra Leone; lin more than a thousand delegates Lakher, to be used by a border tribe in were present, among them the Emthe Lushai Hills, between Burma and press herself. These leagues are Assam; and Chinook Jargon, which pledged to help in all possible ways in is a patois used by several Indian parish work, by invitation to services, tribes scattered along the American by visiting the sick and afflicted, colcoast, from Oregon to Alaska. Then lecting children into Sunday-schools, come two gipsy dialects-Eastern Ro- helping families at times of birth, of many, spoken in Bulgaria; and South death, of sickness or of need. The (~erll1an Romany. leagues of the Rhineland reported 19,- 679 cases provided with volunteer A Year of the Oldest Missionary Society nursing, 3,381 of these being of night- watching by the sick. The Berlin T r-IE Society for the Propagation unions carryon an extensive employ. of the Gospel dates from 170I. ment bureau activity, especially for According to the last annual report women who take work to their homes. recently given, there are in all 1,254 They have also raised 113,300 marks missionaries on the society's list. in the past year, hiring 113 trained There are also in the various missions nurses to work among the sick poor of about 3,000 lay teachers, 3,200 stu- the capital. dents in the society's colleges, and about 71,500 children in the mission New Director of Paris Missionary schools in Asia and Africa. Society A Great Work for Children pASTOR JEAN BIANQUIS has T HE forty-sixth annual report of been appointed the successor of Dr. Barnardo's Homes Associations showed that, to Decembcl 31st the late A. Boegner as director of the last, 75,462 children had passed Paris Missionary Society. He has through the rescue doors; 2,21 I being been its general secretary IS years admitted in 19I1. Two-thirds came and is thoroughly acquainted with the from the provinces and one-third from work of the society in Madagascar, the metropolis. Nine thousand and Rhodesia, Basutoland, French Kongo, forty-nine boys and girls of all ages Senegal, Tahiti, Loyalty Islands, and were under the care of the association New Caledonia. He spent almost three at the close of the year. Included in years, 1901 to 1904, in Madagascar this number were 300 boys in training while the state of affairs there was for the navy and mercantile marine at quite critical, and he visited Basutothe Watts Naval Training School in land in I908, when the Basuto Mission Nodolk, and on the training-ship celebrated its 75th anniversary on George L. Munro, stationed at Yar- October 20th and 21st (see MISSIONmouth. One thousand and eight young ARY REVIEW, I909, page 229)· emigrants were sent out during the year (1,002 to Canada and 6 to Aus- Pastor Daniel Couve has been aptralia), making a total of 23,622 emi- pointed general secretary of the sograted. Ninety-eight per cent. are ciety. He has served faithfully and successful. successfully as missionary in the French Kongo, and has been assistant THE CONTINENT to the late Mr. Boegner for five years.

German Women in Volunteer Parish Spanish Religious Tract and Book Work Society T HE Women's Evangelical Auxil- T HE present religious state of Spain iary Unions (Frauen-Hilfe Ver- is not encouraging. Fanaticism eine) were founded 2I years ago by on the one hand, and infidelity on the the present German Empress. They other, stifle the spiritual sentiments of now number 1,800 local unions, and the people. Rome's baneful influence at their last general meeting in Ber- and the erroneous guidance of Spain's

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political leaders unite in strengthening 1,083 native paid helpers (28 ordained the opposition of the masses to Protes- ministers, 68 evangelists, and 987 tant missionaries and doctrines. Re- teachers). The number of native vol- ligious liberty in Spain is only nomi- untary helpers is 2, I36 elders and 214 nal, at best, and Spain of to-day has others. There were baptized 15.492 less freedom for religion and the press. adult heathen, the largest number ever The free distribution of the Word of attained in the history of the society, God is the most effectual, economical and larger by almost 5,000 than the and rapid way of dispelling Romish previous highest number, and 21,478 darkness, and the Spanish Religious inquirers were being prepared for bap- Tract and Book Society has done this tism when the new year commenced.

work now 30 years. It is under the The number of Christian natives un- management of Rev. Lopez Rodriguez, der the care of the missionaries has the director of the Figueras Evangelis- . increased to 176,844, and the 752 mis- tic Mission (see MISSIONARY REVIEW, sionary schools contain 42,S 12 pupils.

March, 1912, page 226), and its head- The increase in baptisms is most re- quarters is Figuera, the busy city in markable upon Sumatra, where 12,055 the province of Gerona, close to the heathen were baptized in 191 I and French frontier. The society rejoices 7,421 in 1910, and where the total in many voluntary workers (mission- increase of church members was aries of all denominations, evangel- 14,058 in 1910.

ists, school teachers, and many of The Rhenish Missionary Society those who having been converted was founded in 1828, and its fields through the instrumentality of the so- are South and Southwest Africa, New ciety gladly and freely give their serv- Guinea, the Dutch East Indies, and ices in aid of the blest work). Many China. Its work is very encouraging, of its volumes are sent out through as the figures for I91 I abundantly the mail, the interior postage in Spain prove.

being very cheap. Lately a vigorous The Power of Prayer campaign against the extensive free circulation of infidel literature has FROM Germany comes the news of been started through the medium of the death of Eberhard von Rothan interesting magazine, entitled The kirch. He was an old officer of the Bible. Various books for the young German army and had been in the have also been published, and inter- war of 1870-71, but his later life was national lesson leaflets, well illus- devoted to purity work among young trated, are printed for 21 Sabbathschools in different parts of Spain. men, especially in connection with the y. ~L C. A. of Berlin. He was a During 191 I the Spanish Religious praying man, and daily he remembered Tract Society distributed 48,970 Span- his numerous friends and others by ish Gospels and 252,027 Spanish name, rising at six in the morning tracts in Spain itself and among every day and spending two and one- Spanish-speaking inhabitants of Eng- half hours in earnest prayer and mediland, France, Switzerland, Portugal, tation. In all parts of Germany men Italy, Holland, Madeira, Canary bore testimony to the fact that God Islands, Philippines, and North and answered the prayers of von Roth- South America. kirch, for they were won to Christ by him. His little room at the St. Michael An Encouraging Report Hospiz was called "the most blest con- T HE Rhenish Missionary Society fessional in Germany," and hundreds announces its statistical figures, look back to that place as the place of preliminary to the publication of its their spiritual birth. Among them report for 1911. It is employing 184 most prominent perhaps is Pastor Le European male and 21 female mission- Sener, the famous city missionary of aries, which are assisted by a force of Berlin. When a young student, he

met von Rothkirch, who propounded keepers cordially accepted the new to him at once the question, "Have you idea, but those of them who were Mo- a living Savior?" The answer was hammedans insisted on having the "I hope so," but von Rothkirch quickly Bible hung up on the wall, because it said, "If I should ask if you have a is holy. They felt that letting it lie bride would you answer thus? When on the old stools, which are the only one stands in living relation to the Sa- furniture, would be to treat a holy vior, it is a matter of deepest certain- book with disrespect.

ty." To this certainty the young student came through the instrumentality Growth of the Western Turkey Mission T of von Rothkirch, the man of prayer. HE Western Turkey Mission of ASIA-MOSLEM LANDS the American Board has devel- oped remarkably during the last fifty A "The Port of Jerusalem" years. In 1860 it had II stations, 22 N American consular report states outstations, 60 missionaries, 76 native that measures are again being workers, 544 church members, and taken by the Turkish government to 1,931 adherents. On December 31, have a safe harbor constructed at Jaffa, 19II, it had 6 stations, 97 outstations, the Port of Jerusalem. "The danger 76 missionaries, 450 native workers, of making a landing at Jaffa," it is 4,384 church members, and 16,131 adstated, "has not only deterred many herents. In 1866 the proportion of forpeople from visiting Jerusalem, but eign to native workers was 1 to 17li; there are periods of sometimes more to-day it is 1 to 6, foreign workers than a week when landing in small having increased 26 2-3 per cent. and boats is absolutely impossible. Steam- native workers 492 per cent. Memers which call at Jaffa anchor about bership in the churches has grown I,OOO yards from the shore." Vice- nearly tenfold, while the missionary consul Lewis Heck (Jerusalem) esti- schools have grown from 27 in 1860 mates the cost of the undertaking at to 157 in 1912, and the total number not less than £800,000. Those who of pupils from 754 to 9,056. In 1860 have followed the developments of the the money given by the American last fifty years, in the light of the Board for the maintenance of the work many prophetic intimations regarding was $83,314, or 152 times as much as the land and the people of Israel, can that given by the people; in I910 it not but view with profound interest was $108,992, or only I I-3 as much the project to which attention is thus as that given by the people.

called. The Power of Christian Kindness The "Gideons" Invading the Orient FTER the bombardment of Beirut A N last Christmas Day some Ar- by the Italian men-of-war, the O menians of Harpoot copied the Greek Orthodox Bishop of the city Gideons in their chosen work of put- invited Moslem women and children ting Bibles in hotels. Harpoot does to take refuge in the homes, convents, 110t yet copy the West in the matter of and churches of Lebanon, as guests hotels, but it welcomes travelers to of the Christians. Mohammedan wri- hans, whose guests eat what food they ters in Egypt and Turkey took imme- themselves can cook and sleep on the diate notice of the proclamation and floor wherever they find space to praised the bishop with glowing words, spread their own bedding. The work and it became quickly apparent that of the American "Gideons" of Har- this act of kindness had made a won- poot was to furnish the bare and derful impression upon the Moham- cheerless rooms of the hans with medans.

Bibles. The books were in Armenian A few days after his proclamation or Turkish, according to the language the bishop drove in his carriage most used in each han. All the han- through the Moslem quarter of the

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city. A great crowd soon surrounded ability, who has taken a leading part him and the driver was forced to stop. in the work of the National Mission- The bishop was thoroughly alarmed ary Society of India. For some time lest some of the bloody threats against he has been head of the Dornakal Christians, made by Moslem fanatics, Mission in South India. It is thought should be executed. But he was quickly that this appointment indicates anreassured by such cries as, "What can other step toward the development of we do for you? Where may we take a truly Indian church. The Dnyanoyou? Let us unharness your horses da)'a says: "Following the recent and draw your carriage ourselves." decision to organize a synod in the Bombay presidency, this appointment It is not reported if these Moham- of an Indian to be a bishop is anmedans really took the place of the other notable advance toward liberal bishop's horses, but the whole incident progress in the Anglican Church and shows the tremendous influence which toward the momentous goal of makthe bishop's act of Christian kindness ing Christianity an indigenous rehad upon these prejudiced people. ligion in India.'?

INDIA Church Union in India Selling Bibles in India CLERGYMEN of the Church of England usually stand aloof of HE Bible colporteur gets a varied all sections of the Protestant Church T reception in Madras. From an and the farthest away from any kind article in the latest issue of the Bible of church union. It is, therefore, in the World we take the following: especially significant that the Bishop "Begone!" cried a woman of the vil- of Bombay, Dr. Palmer, made some lage headman's family at Pittada ; remarkable statements at, the Dio- "some of our relatives have become cesan Conference recently held in Christians through reading the Bible. Bombay. Speaking of the Indian Your book casts a spell, and we are Church, he is reported to have said, afraid of it. Take it away!" A Brah- "What can we, as children of the man official, recognizing colporteur Church of England, wish to found Benjamin at Paramatti, remarked: "I in India? Surely not the Church have read with much pleasure the little of England. There would be no book I bought from you last time. Let meaning in this. Indians will never me now have a copy of the whole be Englishmen. India will never Bible." Elsewhere a village magis- be England. The Church of India trate ordered a weIl-bound Bible; and, is what needs to be founded an-d to when the colporteur delivered it, he grow up. Not a Church, but the took it with delight, and prest the book Church, the Catholic Church of against his forehead as a mark of deep Christ." It is said that the Bishop reverence. completely carried his clergy with him in his efforts to secure some The First Native Indian Bishop kind of self-government for the branch of the Church of England in A N innovation in religious circles India. in India is that a native Indian clergyman has been raised to the The Telugu Mission Diamond Jubilee episcopate in the Anglican Church. Rev. Vedanayakan Azariah has been THE Telugus, members of a nonappointed Suffragan Bishop of Ma- Aryan or Dravidian race, inhabit dras. Besides his own tongue, Mr. Azariah is a fluent and impressive the east coast of the peninSUla of speaker in English, as many can tes- Hincustan, India, north of the city tify who have heard his addresses- of Madras and south of the Godanotably at the World Missionary vari River, and their country ex- Conference held in Edinburgh. He tends nearly 200 miles westward is a young man, of fine spirit and

from the coast of the Bay of Bengal. that teaching, it will make all the dif- In r836, Rev. S. S. Day, of the ference to the future of the country. American Baptist Foreign Mission- 1t is only in the present type of mi~­ ary Society, commenced the work sion and college that the Indian Chrisfrom which the Telugu Mission has tian who is to be a leader of his grown. Thus the Diamond Jubilee Church can obtain an education keepof the mission could be celebrated a ing him in contact with all affairs and short time ago, with suitable cere- the people of his nation, and, at the monies and in the presence of a not- same time, receive special Christian able company of clergym~n and mis- instruction. In mission colleges, Mosionaries, and several representatives hammedans, Hindus, Christians, livinv of the American Baptist Foreign together on terms of social equality Missionary Society, who had come and friendship, educated together in from the United States to India. the same courses, provided both a Special attention was paid, through- forecast of the future, of a unified out the Jubilee, to Christian edu- India, and an opportunity for the most cation, and the subject of church suitable and best education of the Infederation was also given a promi- dian Christian.-C. H. C. Sharp, of nent place in the deliberations. The Delhi, in Australian Men and Misgreat events were the laying of the cornerstone of the Cole-Ackerman SIOIlS. Memorial High School at N e11ore, and the announcement that the BrIt- A Summer School for India ish and Foreign Bible Society has made it possible for the Baptists to S IX weeks ago Christian workers unite with it in a union version of in some parts of India fell in line the Bible in Telugu, which will be with some of the later occidental missatisfactory to all the churches. sionary schemes, and had a snmmer school for Christian workers that con- The Te1ugu Baptist Mission is one tinued for two weeks. The school of the most flourishing on the for- was held in Ahmednagar, and there eign field. During the seventy-five were three sessions daily, besides years of the work there have been evening rnectings. The day sessions approximately roo,ooo conversions. were in the nature of classes, and the The mission supports about 650 evenings were devoted to informing schools, with more than 16,000 stu- talks on the Christian life. The Madents. It included 140 churches and rathi language was used exclusively. reported 1,554 baptisms in 19IO, one There were a large number of speakyoung missionary alone having bap- ers, among them a dozen or more tized 133 high-caste converts. The widely known missionaries and native fact that many of the recent con- ministers. verts have been from the higher castes is one of the most encourag- Among the Women of Siam ing features of the work. MRS. J. A. EAKIN, missionary of Christian Education for India the Presbyterian Board has been engaged in touring among the women MUCH interest has been aroused by of Siam the past five years. She the declaration made at the Del- writes that this work brings her face hi Durbar that education was to be to face with the lowest type of heaspread, beyond higher education in the thenism among these women, and the form of primary education for the results of centuries of servitude and masses of India. Here again, is ex- cruel treatment and superstition are actly the same apportunity and res- appalling. The women are almost ponsibility. They need the religious naked, their heads are shaved, their influence in their teaching. If Chris- mouths are overflowing betel, and tians undertake a large proportion of their minds are saturated with super- stition and with obscene thoughts that

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no American would harbor for a mo- be correspondingly decreased. China ment. Yet the Gospel and earnest in the last three years has reduced her Christian love conquer even these cultivation of opium by about 70 per degraded beings. Mrs. Eakin cent. It is therefore almost certain tells of the mother of the head- that within the next two years, or even man of one village who had less, the poppy will no longer be grown visited the missionaries and been in China, and that consequently, in taught the Gospel, and after her return accordance with the projected treaty, to her village she brought eleven others the lucrative traffic from India will to accept Christ. In a Laos village automatically be brought to an end. the service had to be given up, because the acetylene gas outfit was not in A Summary of Radical Reforms working order, but the disappointed women clung to the missionary and A MOST striking and impressive made her promise that she and her picture of the transformation takhelpers would come again. In an- ing place in China is afforded by this other village are several inquirers and grouping of facts found in an article one old woman of seventy who was by a physician writing from Chung taught of Christ many years ago, but I~ing: The queue, which was imposed surrendered only last year. She is upon them over 200 years ago by their now a happy woman and is learning ::'vlanchu conquerors, and which almost more and more of the love of Christ. to a man they had grown to think was In another village, a man who was a part of themselves, is gone to stay. said t'o be one hundred years of age The new government has come out and his aged wife came out, against strong against the custom of foot the opposition of all their relatives in binding, absolutely forbidding the the village, and were baptized. The same. The reform against opium testimony of a blind woman who had smoking is equally enforced. They have changed from the lunar month learned of Tesus in the Mission Hos- to that of the sun, and dating from this year their year will be the same pital, was 'influencing her neighbors as the foreign. The better classes have in the same village greatly. Thus almost to a man adopted the foreign everywhere the Gospel is cOl1Cl11er-inO" hat, and those who can afford it are the women among whom the faithful wearing the foreign shoes. Foreign missionary is laboring amid difficul- tailoring establishments are springing ties and disappointments and perils up all over the city. I am even told from robbers and thieves and evil that as soon as the government is men. properly established, all business shall cease on the Sabbath day. This last CHINA does not mean that they are keeping the Sabbath from a Christian stand- China and Opium point, but because they recognize the importance of one day of rest. ACCORDING to recent news, an agreement has been practically Remarkable Chinamen reached between the Chinese Foreign Office and Great Britian. The A HIGH Chinese official, recently 111;1in points of the ag-reement are: (I) baptized by Ding Li Mei, the That the importation of Indian great Chinese evangelist, now underopium shall cease as soon as the culti- takes the support of twenty of the vation of opium ceases in China. (2) ablest preachers who can be found, at That in the meanwhile the duty on im- an expense of about $7,000 annually, ported opium may be increased for the evangelization of his people. three-fold. (3) That the accumu- He offers a small settlement on his lated stocks of Indian opium, estate in Manchuria free of charge to amounting to about 20,000 chests, all Christians who may apply. Anmay be sold without a time limit, but that the Indian imports shall

other case is that of Dr. Ming, who There are two out appointments on has a hospital in Hangchow, where 50,000 patients are treated each year. this circuit, thirteen and twenty miles His work is so widely known in many provinces that if one is being imposed distant. One of the workers, with upon one has but to say that one will report the matter to Dr. Ming, and it body convulsed with emotion and eyes is usually settled without more difficulty. Principal Chang Po Ling, of streaming with tears, told yesterday of Tientsin, is an educator who is also a social reformer, fighting foot-binding, the state of the Church where he is: early marriages and other abuses. He led hi's own brother to Christ, and has "Every member is in trouble," said he. the satisfaction of hearing that he is the first signer of the declara- "To be reviled and curst is considtion card of the recently organized Chinese Volunteer Movement for the ered light-most of them have heen ministry. As director of the Y. M. C. A., Mr. Chang had the principal maltreated and beaten. . The part in securing a gift of $I3,OOO from H. E. Ou Yang for the new building load is more than I can carry and I site at Tientsin. feel utterly broken and cast down." Chinese Students Accepting Christ The preacher here is a grandson of J W. CLINE writes in Regions Be- • 'j/ond: We have been holding "old lady Wang," of wheelbarrow special services with students for a few days in spite of the very real fame. He is just out of college a difficulties in the way. Last night seven young men manifested very couple of years. He's a jewel. Wish clearly their determination to lead the Christian life and submitted them- we had twenty more like him. He selves to Jesus Christ. Twelve young m'en publicly declared their intention kneels in prayer and in a quiet, pleadto spend their lives in preaching the gospel. They seemed very much in ing tone, prays for God's blessing on earnest and formed a volunteer bancl. During the same series of meetings the people and within two minutes the 6 young women of the Laura Haygood school (just across the street from us) whole congregation in audible, but set themselves apart for definite Christian work. Our hearts are encour- subdued tones are also pleading for aged. mercy. Some North China Native Christians Prayer Asked for a Chinese Governor FROM a letter written by the Rev. George 'N. Verity, in the course AT the meeting of the Methodist Fuchau annual conference a reof a three weeks' country itinerating markable occurrence took place. Gentrip in August among the villages eral Sung, the governor of the provaround Taianfu, is taken the follow- ince, visited the conference as a guest, ing: and by request of one of his aides, prayer was offered for him and his You at home have no idea what it is associates, Bishop Bashford praying. to be in a heathen land and what a and General Sung reverently bowing" hard time these poor people have who his head. Then a week later General try to break away from heathenism. Sung invited the missionaries to his residence, entertaining them and ut- tering the most friendly sort of a welcome to China of the heralds of Christianity. "I am glad the Church is here to save the souls of the Chi- nese people." "We should thank you for all the good you have done." "I ask of you that you join with us for the uplift of this great empire." Re- sponses were made by Bishops Bash- ford and Oldham, by Drs. Gamewell and Hobart, and Mr. Hobart. Several of the men of the province taking a distinct lead in the insurrection are native members of our Church.

A Christian Printing Establishment T HE Commercial Press, Limited, of Shanghai, has twenty branches in various Chinese cities, and a capi-

WORLD-WIDE MISSIONARY NEWS

tal of $1,000,000, one-third held by help the weak, to champion the cause Japanese and two-thirds by Chinese. of the poor and lowly." More than 1,000 are employed. Its managers are Christian, as also are Dr. Sun never attacks Confucius 60 per cent. of those in responsible or Buddha. He always appeals dipositions. rectly and fervently, and he wins over young and old. To a meeting The Bible in Great Demand of students he said, "My brothers, applied practical Christianity is our T HE American Bible Society has true need. Away with commentaries reports from its agent in China, and doubts. God asks your obedishowing that, in spite of the interrup- ence, not your patronage. He detion of its work caused by the revolu- mands your service, not your critition, its colporteurs have still been able to distribute the Scriptures with CiSl11." unexpected success. In Western Szechuan the Rev. Mr. Torrance, at It is rather significant that, at Dr. Chengtu, reports for the quarter end- Sun's request, Rev. Eugen Sien, pasing November 30th, a total distribu- tor of the Chinese Christian Union tion of nearly II,OOO copies. When in Chicago since 1903, and a promithe new republic was proclaimed Mr. nent missionary among the Chinese Torrance sent copies of the Bible in that great city, left for China in and the Testament to the President February. Rev. Sien and Dr. Sun of the new government and the leader were playmates in Honolulu years of the Provincial Assembly, which ago, and when the fugitive, who was were appreciatively received. The destined to overthrow the Manchu official proclamation issued by the new dynasty, came to Chicago last Octoauthorities laid special stress on the ber, to further his plans for the revoobligation not to molest churches or lution, he went into seclusion at the foreigners. In Canton district there home of his boyhood friend. In his is an unprecedented demand for prosperity Dr. Sun remembers his Scriptures; also in Peking and the Christian friends, and it augurs well vicinity. The Rev. Mr. Hirst, at for the new Chinese RepUblic that Hanyang, distributed 400 portions to the new leaders do not hesitate to the soldiers, who were glad to get call Chinese Christians to their aid in them. the difficult task before them, and place them in positions of high au- The Physician Who Overthrew the thority and great power.

Manchus JAPAN-KOREA A WRITER in the London West- A Japanese Methodist Bishop minster Gazette, who knows Dr. Sun Yat Sen well, pays him the great T HE Rev. Yoshiasu Hiraiwa; D.D., compliment of calling him unselfish, who was consecrated as the secpatriotic, courageous and able. He ond bishop of the Japan Methodist also asserts that the fugitive physician Church, April 7th, succeeding the late who did so much to found the Chi- Bishop Yoitsu Honda, is by birth a nese Republic is a sincere and humble- member of the old warlike' Samurai minded Christian, who translates into clan which gave his predecessor to action the teachings of the Sermon Japan Methodism. Like the sainted on the Mount. He says: "Jesus of Bishop Honda, he is an energetic, even Nazareth is to Sun Yat Sen a source tireless worker and. has been promiof joy and comfort. All through the nent in the evangelistic and educapages of history, the heroes, saints tional work of Japan Methodism for and martyrs have been speaking to more than twenty years. In young us of the brotherhood of God, the manhood he was graduated from a brotherhood of ma,n~ the need to Canadian mission school in Tokyo, after which he came to North Amer- ica and st11died in ~he Victoria Uni-

versity, Toronto. Upon his return to when, by his loving influence, he won Japan he served various pastorates in 60 of his relatives to join the Chris- the Canadian Methodist Church, one tian Church. A year ago he experi- of which is especially noteworthy, enced the joy of seeing the last home namely the Central Tabernacle in in his village turn Christian!"

Tokyo, of which he was pastor until Self-sacrifice Among Koreans DR. 19IO, when he became the official head GEORGE HEBER JONES, of of the Kwansei Gakuin of Kobe, which, in July of that year, became a Korea, states that 85 per cent. of union institution conducted by the M. the work carried on in Korea is self- E. Church, South, and the Canadian supporting. The Koreans know how Methodist Church, having previous to to give-men mortgage their own that time been conducted by the for- houses to lift the mortgage from the mer denomination. church. As a rule the Korean people A Christian Memorial in Japan are poor, and it is only the wealthier class among them that can afford tile T HE Christian I ntelligencer of Ja- roofs to their houses; all others have pan (Fukuin Shimpo) recently straw thatches. In one village the told about a woman in Chiba whose people had succeeded in building a husband died ten years ago and is now church, but because of lack of money commemorating him by paying alI the had to put a straw thatch on it. It so expenses of a special series of evan- happened that one of the members gelistic meetings. One has no difficulty possest a tile roof, and seeing that the in believing that a husband so com- Lord's house was faring worse than memorated must have been during his his own, removed the roof and placed life intensely interested in Christian it on the church, taking the straw things. It is an old Japanese custom thatch for his own house.

to commemorate the anniverseries of Presbyterian Union in Korea the death of near relatives and this adaptation of it to Christian customs THE Korean Presbyterian General is most significant. Assembly will meet in September.

A The Fruit of Fidelity This assembly will be representative of the entire Presbyterian work in BIBLE Society agent in Korea Korea, in which four Presbyterian tells the story of a young man bodies cooperate-the Northern Pres- named Chun, the first in his village byterians, the Southern Presbyterians, to accept the "Jesus Doctrine," and the Australian Presbyterians, and the whose faithful testimony was blest Canadian Presbyterians. The organi- to his father, who died in the faith zation of this assembly will be a no- of Christ. Thereupon the storm table event in the history of mission- burst upon the young man, because ary work. The rapidity with which he refused to allow his parent to be the Korean Church has grown is trace- buried according to heathen rites. able largely to the evangelistic zeal of "With the help of the colporteur and the natives and the fact that large re- some Christians from another place sponsibility was placed upon the native he carried his aged father's body converts in the beginning for the away for reverent Christian burial. spread of the Gospel in their own land. 'My father,' he ~aid, 'shall not be His Word Gives Light in Japan buried as if he were dead forever, A but as one who believed in everlast- YOUNG man, living in a small village on Lake Suwa, in the ing life.' His relatives now turned him out of the village, and he suf- province of Shinano, Japan, one day fered the loss of home, fields, and came to the home of an old man living livelihood. Still he remained faithful in a village across the lake, and found to ChrISt. Finally the time came him, sitting by the charcoal brazier

It)I2] WORLD-WIDE MISSIONARY NEWS

("hibachi"), reading an old book. It ways pointing in the direction from was the Bible, of which the young which the intruder is expected to man had heard and which he had come. This is to protect the recesses longed to read. So he asked the old of the forest, the hiding-place ar- man to lend to him the precious book, ranged for the women and children in but the old man shook his head and case of a raid by some other tribe, or said, "I can not part with it a day. It upon the part of the Belgian Govern- is my constant companion and guide. ment, which they cordially hate.

But I have here a portion of John's "Dr. Morrison tells me that they Gospel, which I will give to you." He are very deadly, the poison coming took the book and hurried home to from the dead body of a person who his sick sister. They read it together, has been buried for some time. The again and again. The truth dawned slightest scratch causes blood-poison- upon them. They believed, they threw ing. The curious part of it is that they away their idols, they prayed, and they will wound a monkey or parrot with were graciously converted. Then the one of those arrows. The animal or young man began to search for a copy bird goes off and dies; and when they of the whole Bible, but could not find have found it, they will eat it and feel it in the villages around his home. So no inconvenience. It is hard to real- he set out on foot for Tokyo, 70 miles ize that anything can be made of such away, where he expected to be able to people, but the Gospel is truly the buy a Bible from Rev. U yemura, power of God unto salvation. I have whose name he had found on some already been among several tribes tract. He walked over the hills and which are either cannibals or have through the tunnels, until he reached been. I have been treated with all the great city, where he purchased a kindness, because some one has be- Bible from Rev. Uyemura at once. come a Christian, or perhaps because Hearing of the Bible-school under the the entire tribe has given up its hea- care of that minister, he wanted to then practises and has become humane enter it at once, but was persuaded to on account of Christianity.

return to his village and witness to its "On our journey overland, our people for one year. Thus, he went mainstay will be a man who is the most back to his home, and during the next reliable elder in the Presbyterian twelve months he taught the children Church, and yet that man came from of the village and the adults about a cannibal tribe, and when a boy at- Jesus, held street meetings, and dis- tended their orgies. There is no dem- tributed tracts. Then he entered the onstration greater than this, of the Bible school in Kashiwagi for train- wonderful, powerful grace of God and ing, finished its course, and became a power of His Spirit."

worker in the villages of Chiba, where he has already brought many souls SOUTH AFRICA into the light of the Gospel. Union of Effort in South Africa Bishop Lambuth Among Cannibals ROM Natal comes the important F N the heart of Africa, the Methodist news that the Berlin Missionary I Episcopal Church (South), carries Society, the Norwegian Missionary So- on work among dwarf and cannibal ciety, and the Swedish Church Mission tribes, and Bishop Lambuth, in the have united in the ttaining of native M issianary Vaice, gives briefly a de- missionary helpers, teachers, and pas- scription of a trip through a deep for- tors for that field. Each society will est which he had just made. "The have charge of one training institu- Batwa," he writes, "is a tribe of tion, in which one class of workers dwarfs near here, but poisoned arrow- will be educated for all three societies.

heads in the path, hidden among the Thus, the training-school of the Berlin leaves or stuck in the ground and al- Society at Emmaus will be used for

the training of evangelists only, the OBITUARY training-school of the Norwegian Society at Umpumulo will be used for John McLaurin, D.D. the training of teachers only, and a training-school (seminary) for native T HERE died in Toronto on March preachers will be founded in Oscars- 28, 1912, a faithful Baptist misberg and conducted by the Swedish sionary, John McLaurin. Born in Church Mission. Since the three so- 1839 in Osgoode, Glengarry, he was cieties are strictly Lutheran, no doc- born again at the age of fifteen and trinal differences stood in the way of early heard the Master's call to the this most desirable cooperation. ministry. When still a student he be- came the pastor of the church in Strat- MISCELLANEOUS ford but the call to the foreign field seemed to him of greater importance The Indian Census Figures than the service at home. In the au- tumn of 1869, Mr. and Mrs. McLau- A CORRECTION rin sailed for India as missionaries of the American Missionary Union and I N our June number a misleading settled at Ramapatan in the spring of statement appeared in reference to 1870. Then he was transferred to the the growth of Christianity in India. Ongole field, where he baptized 1,100 It was there stated: "The census of converts during his two years' stay. 1911 shows over 100 per cent. advance among Christians in the last In r873 the Canadian Baptists dedecade, as compared with less than cided to found an Independent Mission 8 per cent. increase in the native popu- at Coconada and the McLaurins were lation." The advance has been large, chosen for the field, where they areven phenomenal, but not as large as rived on March 12, 1874. In that these figures would indicate. The field John McLaurin labored faithfigures were misprinted and should fully and successfully, until his health have read "30 per cent. advance gave out and he, more dead than alive, among Christians." The increase of set sail for Canada in 1887. A year Protestants has been much larger- later, partly recovered, he was apa 67 per cent. increase-and among pointed Secretary of the Board and some denominations much greater did splendid work for the next three still. The Congregationalists in South years. But he was not content, and India and the Presbyterians show a being physically unable to rejoin the 300 per cent. increase in membership, Canadian forces on the plains of India, and the Methodists 140 per cent. he accepted the appointment of the growth in the past ten years Missionary Board to carryon literary work at Bangalore in r891. In it he The total number of Christians, ac- continued until 1908, when failing cording to the India "Blue Book," is health drove him to Toronto. 2,923,241 in 1901 and 3,876,203 in 191 I-an increase of 952,692. The John McLaurin was a genuine other figures quoted in the June num- Christian, a warm-hearted, wholeber of the REVIEW are correct. Ro- souled missionary, whose one plea man Catholics claim 1,394,000 adher- was for the evangelization of the ents in 191 I, as compared with 1,122,- world. The Canadian Baptist Mission 000 in I.901-an increase of 272,000, in India which he founded, is aknowor 24 per cent. Syrian Christians ledged as one of the best-managed number about 740,000 and the remain- and most successful missions in the ing 1,442,000 are native Christian world. He himself babtized over2,Soo Protestants. European and American converts. residents in India number about 200,000. AND MISSION LANDS AMONG THE ESKIMOS OF LABRADOR. By Dr. Christian folk, who read the Bible in S. K Hutton. Illustrated. 8vo, 340 pp. their own tongue and obey its pre- 16s., net. Seeley, Service & Co., Lon- cepts in their national as well as their don, 1912. individual life. They love the neat little church which is the center of This well printed and well illus- each Christian vilJage, and even when trated book contains a sketch map away at their hunting and fishing of the Atlantic Coast, and an excel- places they keep the Sabbath and lent map of the whole Labrador penin- gather together for worship. sula. All this and much more Dr. Hutton The author is a missionary and a has brought out with a wealth of detraveler who has made the Eskimos tail, which is delightful reading. his "friends." He narrates some incidents of heroic self-sacrifice for others, and of grateful devotion to the THE CHINESE REVOLUTION. By Arthur J. missionary, partly from his own ardu- Brown. 8vo, 217 pp. $1.00. Student ous and often perilous sledge or boat Volunteer Movement, New York, 1912.

journeys. "If it be true that the proper study Dr. Samuel King Hutton, medical of Mankind is man, the study of China missionary in charge of the Moravian is the most ·proper study of the Mission Hospital at Okak in Northern world to-day" says Dr. Arthur Jud- Labrador, writes as one who knows son Brown. "The Chinese Revolu- the 111nuit, "the people," as the Eski- tion," is a popular history of recent mos are wont to call themselves with events, adapted both for general read- a degree of proper pride. ing and for mission study circles.

The Eskimos as portrayed by Dr. The greatness of the theme is set forth Hutton are a lovable people, for the as follows: "An important element grace of God is manifest in them. His in the significance of the Revolution early chapters wisely tell of the na- lies in the magnitude of the nation tives in their more primitive state, as which it affects. Even a small country one finds them in their tents or their may influence the world, as the history snowhuts at Killinek, the northern- of Greece, Palestine, and the N ether- most outpost of the Labrador mission. lands reminds us. Bulk does not al- But, "at the other stations with their ways mean proportionate power, as weather beaten wooden huts and their Africa illustrates. But when huge trim, White-painted mission houses, size and potential equality are com- life gives a true picture of a native bined, and when the whole mighty Christian community.': mass begins to move and to come into At the same time Dr. Hutton direct contact with other and smaller emphasizes the fact that they are the or weaker peoples, and all other true Eskimos still and he repeatedly peoples are smaller or weaker than praises the wisdom of the generations the Chinese. the possibilities of the of missionaries, who have all along situation are almost overwhelming."

been at pains to maintain the Eskimo Thrilling is the sketch of Yuan national character and customs The Shih Kai, and the account of Sun Yat Gospel brought to Labrador by the Sen's rise from obscurity to second.

first Moravian missionaries in the mid- highest place in the new Republic.

dle of the 18th century has made the The marvellous development of the Eskimo a better Eskimo. And to-day country in the last three years, is des- the coast of Labrador is no more in- cribed in striking terms and bits of habited by heathen savages, but by a miscellaneous information are packed simple, good-humored and kindly into the pages illustrating the density of China's population, the author says author has written on the subject and the province of Shantung has 38,247,- he throws a flood of light on the con- 900 inhabitants, and its area is about ditions in Latin America-good and that of Missouri. Of the wealth of evil. Read the chapter on "Present natural resources, is revealed in one Religious Conditions." Educational province of Shen-si which it is and religious problems are especially thought, could supply the entire world emphasized but the book can not fail with anthracite coal for a thou- to appeal to men who have interest sand years, The work of mission- in the continent or in the Kingdom of aries has not only brought about moral God. reforms but has opened the way for products of western genius and manu- Three chapters deal with the foundfacture. America's merchandise and ing, extension and present status of food products are imported and pres- the Roman Catholic Church in South sure of foreign commerce has brought America. Facts are given regarding about economic transformations of social immorality, ignorance, the prostupendous proportions. hibition of the Bible to the people, and the character of the priesthood, which "N0 longer is the ambitious Asiatic will make unpleasant reading for some content with the classics of Confu- –but all statements are backed by cius," writes Dr. Brown, "he is study- convincing testimony from within the ing the very things that Americans established church. are studying. Ambitious young men of China will get a modern educa- With telling effect four direct question, and they will get it either from a tions are asked and answered in the Christian or non-Christian. Mission concluding pages of the book, viz.: schools were, for a long time, the only institutions in the entire country which Are Protestant missions in South gave their pupils a modern education. America warranted? But now there are Government schools of all grades, and the inten- Can such missions avoid Roman option is to provide one elementary position? If not, should they be conschool for every 400 families in the tinued? empire within five years and school accommodations for 45,000,000 chil- How may they secure adequate redren within ten years." cognition and support?

An index of the modernization of SOUTH AMERICA TO-DAY. By George China is the fact noted that there is Clemenceau. Illustrated. 8vo, 434 pp. now a woman's daily paper in Peking, G. P. Putnam's Sons, New York, 1911. and that in the new Republic there is to be woman suffrage. Where Dr. Speer's book on South America is strong, this "study" by the Dr. Brown has given us a clear and former Prime Minister of France is convincing presentation of the pro- exceptionally weak. We are forced to gress of New China and the impor- conclude that he was either ignorant tance of winning the land to Christ. of South America or that he feared to speak out: He writes in complimen- SOUTH AMERICAN PROBLEMS. By Robert tary language of all that he sees, with- E. Speer. 12mo, 265 PP. 75 cents. out criticism or insight. For any real Student Volunteer Movement, New information as to moral and spiritual York, 1912. conditions in South America the book is valueless. Its description of scenes The visit of Dr. Speer to South and scenery are good. America and his outspoken addresses on the spiritual claims of the Southern THE LAND OF GOOD HOPE. By Rev. Her- Continent on the Christians of the bert Moore, M.A. Map. Illustrated. North, made a stir in both Roman 12mo, 172 pp. S. P. G., London, 1911. Catholic and in Protestant circles. This is the first volume the honored Mr. Moore's Mission Study Circle book gives a remarkably readable, clear and concise description of South Africa and its missions. The photo- graphic illustrations are also iIlumi-

ON MISSIONS AND MISSION LANDS

nating and there is a good bibliogra- the moral fiber of the social fabric can phy and index. After an account of not be ignored from prudery or false the land and the people, the author delicacy. Evtry home in the land is tells of their religious observances and more or less interested in solving one beliefs. He then records with re- of the most pressing problems in life markable fulness and accuracy the to-day. various kinds of missionary work done among the Europeans and na- The work of enslaving souls is cartives. There is an Anglican flavor to ried on by powerful and cunning the book especially where it deals with agents, who are plotting day and night Ethiopianism and overlapping, but it the ruin of young womanhood and is on the whole broad minded and only the most aggressive warfare waged by the forces of Christianity jUdicious. can check the growth of this mon- strous evil. The weakness of the book THE ADVANCE GUARD OF MISSIONS. By is that it offers no solution of the prob- Clifford G. Howell. 12mo, 347 pp. lem and no salvation for the ruined $1.50, postpaid. Pacific Press Publish- souls. When men and women are ing Co., Mountain View, Ca1., 1912. truly united to Jesus Christ there will be no such social problem. The most interesting way to study history is through biography. Men THE RUSS[AN PEOPLE. By Maurice Baring. and women are the center of move- Maps. 8vo, 366 pp. $3.50, net. George ments. Glimpses at various pioneer H. Doran Co., New York, 1912. periods in home and foreign missions are given in these sketches of such Russia is still in the dark ages. Her men as Marcus Whitman, John Eliot, government is, if possible, worse than Hans Egede, Henry Martyn, Dr. that of Turkey. She is working for Judson, Gordon Hall, Guido Verbeck material advancement and political and twenty others. The stories are power but not with moral, intellectual well told but poorly published. and spiritual welfare of the people. Mr. Maurice Baring, gives us a key THE GIRL THAT GOES WRONG. By Regi- to the situation in Russia. He de- nald W. Kauffman. 12mo, 226 pp. scribe.s the country, climate, people $1.25, net. Moffat, Yard & Co., New and hIstory in an illuminating way and York, 1911. shows how the present conditions have resulted. This volume might almost be called "vVhat a young girl ought to know" In the concluding chapter on "Reliin fact but not by experience. By a gion in Russia," Mr. Baring notes the series of biographical sketches the following facts: author shows the causes, forces and social conditions which lead to the (I) Outward religious observances degradation of young women 111 are very noticeable in Russia. America. He handles a difficult and painful subject with delicacy and dis- (z) The Russians are deeply religcretion; a frank and yet reticent real- ious by nature. ism which loses nothing of its power to convince and move because so much (3) Religion in Russia is a part of must be left unsaid. It is a book that patriotism. A man who is not Orthoevery parent and teacher should read. dox is considered not loyal.

Mr. Kauffman obtained his material (4) The educated classes are frankat first-hand, and the true stories of ly atheistic. these ruined lives, need no coloring to make them impressive and tragic. (5) The Russian is realistic in reli- gion and conservative in the retention There was need this book should be of tradition, custom and ritual. written to open the eyes of men and women who are ignorant of the causes The author, who was formerly in through which the legion of the lost the British Diplomatic Service, and is is recruited. An evil which affects accepted as an authority on Russia, has no hope or expectation that church and state will ever be separated in Russia, or that they will ever be given

true religious liberty. vVe believe that IN FORBIDDEN CHINA. An Account of the the hope of Russia is the religious D'Ollone Mission, 1906-1909. By Visawakening among the student class. count D'Ollone. Translated by Ber- nard MialL Illustrated, 8vo. ISs net THE MISSIONS OF OUR NATION. By James T. Fisher Unwin, London, 1912.' . F. Love, D.D. 12mo, 240 pp. $1.00, net. Revell, 1912. THE GOODLY FELLOWSHIP. By Rachel C.

Home Mission books are less popu- Schauffier. $1.25. The Macmillan Co., lar than foreign missionary books be- New York, 1912. cause there is less of novelty in them. Here is one which, while not novel, is THE LIFE OR LEGEND OF GAUDAMA. The a strong missionary appeal for America for the sake of the world. This is Buddha of the Burmese. With Annothe right view of home missions. tations. The Ways to Neibban and Notice on the Phongyies or Bn;mese INDIA AND DAILY LIFE IN BENGAL. By Z. F. Griffin. Illustrated. 12mo, 214 pp. Monks. By the Right Rev. P. Bigan- $1.00, net. American Baptist P. S., det. 2 vols., 8vo, 267-326 pp. $7.00, net. Philadelphia, 1912. E. P. Dutton & Co., New York, 1912.

This third edition of missionary life THE ADVENTURE OF LIFE. By Wilfred T. and work in one of India's provinces GrenfelL 12mo, 155 pp. $1.10, net. answers many questions in a clear Houghton, Mifflin Co., Boston, 1912. -and satisfactory way. The chapter on British Rule in India shows the many THE NYASA MISSION. By Bishop]' Taybenefits which that rule has conferred lor Hamilton, D.D. Illustrated. Moin the administration of justice, the ravian Missions, Bethlehem, Pa., 1912. maintainance of peace, the development of education, and the improve- PERSIA TO-DAY. By W. Morgan Shuster. ment of social and sanitary conditions. Illustrated. 8vo. 12s, 6d, net. T . Fisher Unwin, London, 1912.

MORMONISM-THE ISLAM OF AMERICA. By Bruce Kinney, D.D. Illustrated. 12mo, 189 pp. 50 cents. Fleming H. Revell Co., New York, 1912.

CHILDREN OF BORNEO. By Edwin H. Gomes, M.A. Illustrated. 12mo, 93 pp. 15, 6d, net. Oliphant, Anderson & Ferrier Edinburgh and London, 1912. '

Only a brief portion of the volume FIVE M1SSIONARY MINUTES. Brief Missiondeals directly with Christian missions, ary .Material for Platform Use in the but the two chapters on the subj ect show their history and methods. Sunday-school for Fifty-two Sundays 111 the Year. By George H. Trull. 16mo, 122 pp. 50 cents. Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions, New York ' NEW BOOKS 1912.

i'l. HALF CENTURY AMONG THE SIAMESE AND THE GREAT DOCTRINES OF THE BIBLE. By THE LAO. An Autobiography by Daniel Rev. William Evans, D.D. 8vo, 275 J1cGilvary, D.D. With an Apprecia- pp. $1.50, net, postage, 15 cents. Bible In- tion by Arthur]' Brown, D.D. Illus- stitute Colportage Association, Chicago, trated, 8vo, 435 pp. $2.00, net. Fleming 1912. H. Revell Co., New York, 1912. AN ANALYSIS OF CHRISTIAN SCIENCE BASED THE SAINTS OF FORMOSA. Life and W or- ON ITs OWN STATEMENTS. By I. M. ship in a Chinese Church. By Camp- Haldeman, D.D. Pamphlet, 37 pp. 10 bell N. Moody. Illustrated. 12mo, 251 cents. Charles C. Cook, New York, pp. 3s. 6d., net. Oliphant, Anderson 1912. & Ferrier, Edinburgh, 1912. THE MESSIAH OF THE TARGUMS, TALMUDS CHrNA'S NEW DAY. A Study of Events AND RABBIN1CAL WRITERS. By Joseph That Have Led to Its Coming. By Isaac' M. Tydings, M.D. Pamphlet. Joseph Taylor Headland, D.D. Illustrated, 12mo, M. Tydings, M.D., Louisville, Ky., 263 pp. 50 cents. Central Committee on 1912. the United States Study of Missions, West Medford, Mass., 1912. RELIGION AND SLAVERY. A Vindication of MEN AND MANNERS OF MODERN CHINA. By the Southern Churches. By J. H. the Rev. ]. Macgowan. Illustrated, 8vo, 125, 6d, net. T. Fisher Unwin, London, MeN eilly, D.D. 88 pp. 35c" paper. 1912. Smith & Lamar, Nashville, 1912.

CHINA'S REVOLUTION, 1911-1912. A His- THE MAKING OF NORTHERN NIGERIA. By Capt. C. W. ]. Orr. 8s. 6d., net. Mac- millan & Co., London, 1911.

torical and Political Record of the KHONT-HON-NOFER: THE LANDS OF ETHI- OPIA. By H. K. Kumm, Ph.D. Illus- Civil War. By Edwin J. Dingle. Illus- trated, 6s., net. Marshall Bros., Ltd., trated, 8vo. ISs, net. T. Fisher Un- London. 1911.

win, London, 1912.

The Missionary Review of the World — August 1902

THE INDIAN TRAINING-SCHOOL, TUCSON

Missionary Review of the World Old Series I AUGUST j New Series VOL. XXV. No. 8 f 1VOL. XV. No. 8 THE INDIAN TRAINING ~ SCHOOL. TUCSON. ARIZONA BY THE EDITOR-IN-CHIEF This is at once both a home and foreign mission, being within home territory, and yet among an essentially foreign people. It has been in existence for some twenty-four years, and is now under purely Chris- tian and evangelical management, and presents many features of great attractiveness and interest.

The government of the Uni.ted States has cruelly wronged the red man, crowding these aboriginal Indian tribes northward and westward from their origiRal hunting-grounds, before the inevitable march of a higher civilization, until they have come near to the edge of the preci- pice of practical extinction; and some of these primitive tribes have not a single known survivor.

There is but one way to repair the wrongs of the past and rectify in any measure this wholesale robbery and injustice, and it can not be done by what Cecil Rhodes called the "unctuous rectitude" of mag- niloquent speeches and resolutions. That one way of redress is found in doing our duty to the quarter of a million of Indians still remain- 'ing within our borders, by putting beneath them that one and only lever that can lift them to a higher level. We must, with God's help, raise their material and moral condition by a Christian education.

Just this is the one object of the Tuc.son Indian Training-school. The pupils, tho admitted only by government consent, once being so admitted, are entirely under the control of the school, provided for and educated at the expense of the Home Mission Board of the Presbyterian Church-the Women's Department. There is nothing, however, to indicate that any denominational body has control, for it is simply an evangelical school with no manifest sectarian bias.

Here the raw material is gathered from the Indian reservation, and worked up patiently and prayerfully into the fine fabric of character. The rudiments of ordinary education are taught, all instruction being in English, and such industrial training is added as the few facilities &fiord. The aim is, however, to impart, above all else, a truly Chris-

SOME PAGAN APACHES AT HOM~~ IN THE SOUTHWEST tian tone to these boys and girls, and fit them for self-support and serviceable lives wherever their lot is cast.

The results have been very encouraging, especially when the obstacles are considered which have had to be surmounted. To take these children of the prairie and the forest, straight from the wigwam, not knowing a word of English or having any acquaintance with the customs of civilized life or any nppetite for a higher education, and slowly uplift them to a loftier level of thought and aspiration and action is, under the most favorable conditions, no light task. But to do all this with poor facilities, in cramped quarters, with an inadequate corps of teachers, irregularly paid, and paid but little at the best, and with an almost total lack of proper helps, physical, industrial, and sanitary-in other words, without what is universally conceded to be the indispensable apparatus of all true education, secular or religious, is another instance of attempting the old task of making bricks without straw-and one is tempted to add, without clay.

The writer has known of this school and its work for about fourteen years, having there a daughter as teacher, but a recent visit gave opportunities for a more intelligent and independent personal inspection, and supplied basis for a better judgment as to the existing conditions, prospects, and needs of the work. 'rhe one strong impression left by this visit was that, in this modest Indian school, about which little has ever been said or written, there may be found another of those promising fields of labor which offer to the stewards of God fascinating opportunities to invest consecrated capital where it will yield a rich revenue for God. Could some of His faithful servants have seen with their own eyes what has been already planted here, and needs only to be well watered for God to give large increase, they

would make haste to put out some of their Lord's money to interest, by providing ampler accommodations and improved facilities and more abundant gifts of money, for carrying on this good work.

It needs only a careful look into what has been and is doing here to evoke new gratitude to God and awaken fresh love for these. children of the red men. Nearly all of these hundred and fifty pupils are hopefully converted, and some of those who have here had training have developed into earnest and useful disciples. One young man, for example, who is acting as a sort of assistant, has been here seven years, and, were there no other trophy of God's grace, this one would alone pay for all the outlay. Twice, at morning prayers, the writer spoke to the pupils in the chapel, and had a most attentive, intelligent, and appreciative hearing. The number of children is nearly equally divided between boys and girls, and, beside the superintendent, Mr. Herndon, and his wife, there are ten or eleven others engaged in teaching and training. The atmosphere of the school is wholesome in every way, the teaching competent, and the spirit evangelical. The body of students appear happy and healthy; there are go.od order, obedience, and propriety; and the faith and practise of the Gospel constitute the unwritten law of the school.

The connection with the government is now so slight that freedom of administration is unhampered, but, as there is no government aid, the progress of the school depends largely on the ability of the Ladies' Home Board to supply funds; and there are some prominent needs which are pressing and ought to be speedily met. It may be well to mention two or three of these needs, as some of the friends of the red P"-api> bv Min A. W. Pimon INDIAN CHILDREN AT THE TUCSON SCHOOL

man may feel moved to help supply them and rejoice in the oppor- tunity: First, there is needed a better sanitary system, particularly larger bathroom and lavatory accommodations. At present the baths open out f.rom the sewing-room and are available for the students' uses only one day in the week. 'rhese boys and girls, after engaging in hard work and energetic games, in the hot, dry climate, have no proper facilities for bathing, and such conditions are promotive neither of comfort nor of cleanliness. This is a state of things which should be promptly remedied.

Second, there is needed a small steam tcater-pump for irrigating the ranch. Theso forty acres, now arid, yield one annual crop of barley; well watered, they would become a field for outdoor work for the pupils of the school, and furnish veget~bles, chickens, and eggs for the table. 'rhirty feet down water is plentiful, and all that is needed is to bring it to the surface, and the desert will be a garden.

Third, a school building is needed, to provide proper recitation and reading rooms, which would make the task of the teachers far less onerous and tiresome, and promote the best good of the pupils.

The industrial work here is an important feature, but as it is now, it is necessarily limited to improving the roads with pickaxe and shovel.

An irrigated ranch would give healthful, agreeable, and profitable employment, and train these pupils for self-support, qualifying them also to impart to their people the secrets of making fertile farms and thriving communities.

All the improvements above suggested mi~ht be covered by ten thousand dollars, and greatly enlarge the serviceableness of this Indian school. The bath-house could he built for a thousand dollars, the steam water plant for two or three thousand more, and with the remainder of the ten thousand the needed school building might be built. How easily money now running to waste might, like an irrigating stream, make this fielcl of mission work to yield a greatly increased harvest of usefulness. .

THE "LOS VON ROM" MOVEMENT IN AUSTRIA BY REV. J. G. CUNNINGHA"~r, D.D., EDINBURGH, SCOTLAND A great movement has been going forward in the Austrian Empire since 1898, especially in Bohemia and in the provinces of Corinthia, Carniola, and Styria, in Eastern Austria, which merits the attention of Protestants, and calls for the sympathy and the prayerful consideration of all who rejoice in seeing men emancipated from the superstition and errors of the Church of Rome. 'rhe number of persons whose names are transferred from Roman Catholic to Protestant

THE "LOS VON ROM" MOVEMENT IN AUSTRIA

church registers is periodically made known officially by government. According to this reliable authority, the number of those who re- nounced their connection with the Church of Rome and attached themselves to one or other of the recognized Protestant churches in the empire (the Lutheran or the Reformed) was, on December 31, 1898, not fewer than 1,598. In this number are included not only adults, but the children under seven years of age of parents who have passed from the one to the other communion. In the three succeeding years the numbers were: in 1899, 6,385; 1900, 5,058; in 1901, 6,299-making in all, 18,643. Weare not including in this enumeration those who have exchanged the Roman Catholic Church for the old Catholic Church, who, within the last year, numbered 1,578 Germanspeaking people anu 209 of the Czech nationality. That these eighteen thousand con verts to Protestantism have done more than merely change their ecclesiastical profession is seen from the fact that a considerable number of new Protestant churches have been built or are in process of erection to accommodate thousands of worshipers in places from which evangelical worship had been banished for two hundred anu fifty years.

It is further evidenced by the great increase of the numbers and quickening of the zeal of those who frequent the Protestant churches previously existing. '1'0 this we may add that there are many pamphlets and periodicals specially devoted to the exposition and futherance of Protestantism, and that so great is the hold that the "Los von Rom" movement has taken on the general population that in almost every daily or weekly paper exposed for sale some paragraph is found giving particulars of its progress, while othe'rs report meetings on its behalf at such length as proves that their readers are interested in the important issues at stake.

In the autumn of 1900 I had the great privilege of visiting the Dolomite Alps, in Southern Austria, in the company of my friend the Rev. Dr. W. W. Atterbury, of ~l ew York. After a week at Cortina we traveled eastward from Toblach as far as Klagenfurt. As we were greatly interested in the "Los von Rom" movement, we embraced all opportunities of learning its character and extent by visiting pastors and speaking to others who took a part in promoting it, besides diligently reading the allusions to it which we found day after day in the newspapers in Eastern Austria.

In the autnmn of 1901 the Scottish Reformation Society requested Dr. Robertson, of St. Ninian's, Stirling, and myself to visit Austria in order to study on the spot the origin alld nature of the" Los von Rom" movement. We spent some time together in Bohemia. When we came to Vienna I was overtaken by a severe illness, and was therefore unable to revisit Eastern Austria, when my codeputy went on to Gratz, the capital of Styria, and other places, in which there has been

a remarkable increase in the Protestant Church since the" Los von Rom" movement began.

In both of these regions of the Austrian Empire we came into contact with large numbers of men, not a few of them distinguished in professional life, who were in downright earnest to secure for others the benefits which they themselves had found in separation from the Church of Rome. There was in those whom we met a joyful buoy- ancy and an intensity of purpose which convinced us that while no man can tell whereunto this thing may grow, there is good reason to believe that they are not mistaken who speak of it as "Austria's Second Reformation."

The Causes of the Movement 1. Undoubtedly it began in the political antagonism between the spirit of Germanism and Romanism in the Austrian empire. The watchword, "Los von Rom," originated in the suggestion of Mr. 8chonerer, a member of the Austrian Parliament, who makes no secret of his being indifferent to the religious aspects of the move- ment. In December, 1898, he published an appeal to his German fellow subjects in a journal named "Unverflilschte Deutsche Worte," from which we quote the following paragraph: .. Los von Rom!"

In view of the steadily increasing danger that threatens us from Rome and Prague, the true German patriot is bound to bethink himself, and take, before it is too late, correspondingly vigorous measures in self- . defense. In this war between Romanism and Germanism, our battle-cry from East to West must be "Los von Rom!" and we must fight per- sistently in the hope of seeing a final victory gain6d by Germanism over the un-German and strife-loving Church of Rome. . . . Long enough have we been talking about passing over from Romanism to Protes- tantism; in the face of the growing danger let our words be followed by deeds. A way with the fetters which bind us to a Church that is the enemy of our nationality! The spirit of the German, not of the Jesuit, must rule a German people.

II. Altho, however, the movement began in the arena of politics, it is evident that the turning of so many, not merely away from the Church of H.ome, but to the hearty acceptance of the principles of Protestantism and the deliberate joining of themselves to Protestant churches, can not be accounted for by the mere secular excitement of national antipathy or political opinion. The study of history, both past and recent, has had much to do with the emancipation of those who have passed into the ranks of the Protestant churches. (1) Impartial students of history, snch as Lozerth, Ilwurf, and Klein, have brought to light, by research into authentic documents of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, facts which were but little known by the people So long as the Jesuits had the control of public instruction, and especially of the historical text-books used in the schools of the

country. What these scholars discovered was made known in tracts written in 11 popular style and circulated in hundreds of thousands throughout the empire. All Austria was reminded that within seven years from the time when Luther nailed his theses to the door of the church in 'Vittenberg, and sounded the knell of Rome's supremacy in Europe, the great reformer's teaching had so spread throughout Austria that, in 1523, :Ferdinand I., writing to his brothel', the Emperor Oharles V., complained that, altho he was doing all in his power to exterminate" the accursed Lutheran sect," it so prevailed that good Ohristians (that is, Roman Catholics) were afraid to make an open stand against it. All Austria was reminded that in 1535 the Venetian ambassador of the Austrian court wrote to Venice that he was assured by :Favri, court preacher in the Ohurch of St. Stephen's, at Vienna, that the greater part of the people. not excepting the wealthier classes, were Lutherans, and that they would all be of the same mind if it were not for :Ferdinand and his restrictive measures. All Austria was reminded that the "restrictive measures" adopted by Ferdidand I. and his successors until Joseph II. ascended this throne, had stained the pages of the empire's history with the blood of Austria's noblest children, and that it was under the instigation of the Jesuit priesthood that cruel persecution achieved in many places the extermination of Protestants and Protestantism.

(2). At the same time many thoughtful men in Austria awoke to the significance of facts which had taken place within their own generation. They had seen the humiliation of their own country in the Austro-Prussian War of 1866, ending after seven days' campaign in the disastrous defeat of Konigsgratz; they had seen the humiliation of France in the Franco-Prussian war of 1870-71; they had seen the humiliation of Spain when it entered into war with the United States of America at the cost of the annihilation of the Spanish navy and the loss of Cuba and the Philippine Islands; and they had remarked that Italy never rose to the dignity of a united and independent kingdom until the pope lost his temporal power. These objectlessons enforced upon their attention the contrast between the nations that own subjection to the Pope of Rome and the nations which have claimed for themselves for the past four hundred years the liberty, both civil and religious, of which Protestantism is the guardian. This notable contrast was set plainly before all Austria by tracts which were widely circulated and diligently read. The words of one of Austria's gifted sons, Grillparzer, statesman and poet, expressed the bitter feeling of thousands of his countrymen, when he wrote, "Our Oatholicism is to blame for it all. Give us two centuries of Protestant teaching, and we are the. mightiest and most richly endowed of the whole German race. To-day we have talent for nothing higher than music and-the , Ooncordat.' " 'rHE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD [August III. To this reaction produced by study of events remote or recent in European history there must be added as the most important factor in the revival of Protestantism of Austria the revival of religion which has visited many parts of Austria. Spiritual effects can be accounted for only by spiritual causes. When the yoke of SUbjection to the Roman Catholic priesthood had been broken by the revolt of independent Germanism against ecclesiastical despotism men claimed and exercised their right of private judgment. Delivered from the prejudices of earlier years, they listened with candor to the preaching of the Gospel as ministered to them both by the pastors of the Austrian Reformed churches and by others whom the evangelical churches of Germany gladly sent to this field white unto harvest until the Austrian government prohibited this on th~ pretext of political danger. More- over, the common people now began to read the Scriptures for them- selves, and welcomed into their homes periodicals and tracts which proclaimed the great truths of the Gospel and extorted them to make diligent use of the blessed privilege of direct personal access to the Word of God and to the throne of grace.

I shall close this article with a testimony which illustrates and confirms the statement that vital religion has a real and potent influence in the "Los von Rom" movement. We recei vp,d the testimony at a most interesting place, Klostergrab, at which the Protestant church was burned by the Jesuits in 1617, an event which had much to do with the beginning of the Thirty Years' War. Dr. Robertsori and myself, accompanied by the Rev. Martin Langenau, the beloved pastor of the German congregation in Edin- burgh, had gathercd an informal meeting beside the beautiful Protes- tant church in process of erection at Klostergrab. The whole com- , pany, not excluding the policeman who came, as in duty bound, to observe us, were in sympathy with the "Los von Rom" movement, and in the course of conversation we asked an old man to tell us why he became a Protestant. This reply, as taken down immediately afterward by Mr. Langenau, is almost exactly given in the following translation: Yes, dear sirs, that is a curious story. You see, I had always attended the Catholic church with my family. One day, however, we heard that evangelical worship was to be conducted in the hotel (Gasthof) in our village. That appeared to us an absurdity; we could never conceive of the public worship of God being held anywhere else than in a building consecrated to God. Then we said to one another at home, """Ve must all go to see this comedy." So we all went, out of curiosity. When the room was full, a kindly old minister came in. He spoke, without reading, the words of a prayer, and in his prayer there was something that amazed us, for he spoke in German, and we all were able to understand him. Moreover, he prayed to God with simplicity and fervor as to One who was in the midst of us: "Thou hearest Thy

PETER PARKER: PHYSICIAN, MISSIONARY, DIPLOMAT

children everywhere if they come to Thee with longing hearts; Thou art also here present in this room, and by Thy presence it is consecrated." And then we sang a beautiful hymn, and this we were able to read for ourselves and understand. After this thE' venerable man came forward, and, standing before us like a prophet, spoke to us with holy joy of a blessed springtime which even here may come into the hearts of men, and he said that a time of triumph would soon come in which, out of the ashes of the church which was burned and levelled with the ground three hundred years ago, a new house of God should arise. Thereafter he spoke ag'ain in prayer, pleading with God for all of us, for our families, for the children and the old people, for the Protestants and the Catholics, and he did so with such tenderness that our hearts were melted. After fourteen days he came back again. With my whole family again I attended the meeting, but now not out of curiosity only, but out of a genuine hunger after the Word of God. Once more we were refreshed by the praise, the preaching, and the prayer. And now he had got such a hold of us that we sent an anonymous card to the dear old man beseeching him to come soon again. When he had come the third time, I and my whole family, including my sons-in-law and daughters-in-law, declared ourselves Protestants, and since then we have been followed by many who now rejoice with us in the blessings of truth and freedom.

PETER PARKER: PHYSICIAN, MISSIONARY, AND DIPLOMAT * THE MAN WHO OPENED CHINA AT THE POINT OF THE LANCET BY REV. HENRY CLAY TRUMBULL, D.D., PHILADELPHIA Editor of The Sunday School Times The distinctive labor of Ohristian missionaries in evangelizing the unevangelized nations to which they are sent is, as has been said, in itself a sufficient work to occupy their whole time, and abundantly to justify all that is required of money or of self-denying devotion for their outgoing and for their support. Yet even if this all-important labor were not attempted, the purely philanthropic and patriotic work which in the past century has been done by American foreign missionaries in the line of saving lives and of ameliorating human sufferings, and so frequently of averting wars and discords and permanent misunderstandings between nations, would entitle these missionaries to a high place among the world's benefactors.

The Rev. and Hon. and Dr. Peter Parker, of Massachusetts, and Oonnecticut, and Pennsylvania, and Ohina, and Japan, and the District of Oolumbia, was an admirable illustration of this truth, whom it was my privilege to know well, and to be not a little with, and to look up to with ever-increasing veneration and confidence. Peter Parker worked on his father's farm in eastern Massachusetts in his boyhood days. But he longed to be in the Ohristian ministry, so he * Copyright, 1902, by H. Clay Trumbull.

taught school in order to secure money for his college expenses. He was twenty-three years old when he entered Amherst College. Taking half of the course at Amherst, he completed it at Yale. Then he studied ill Yale Divinity School, and took a full course of medical study.

He was appointed by the American Board a medical missionary to Ohina, and was also ordained in Philadelphia, May 26, 1834. The next month he sailed for Ohina, being one of the first medical mission- aries sent out to the foreign field from America, or, indeed, from an English-speaking people. John Thomas, a fellow missionary with William Oarey, pioneer missionary from England in the closing years of the eighteenth century, won the first high-caste convert to Ohrist in Northern India through his power of physical healing. Dr. John Scudder, of New York City, who went to Ceylon in 1819, was indeed a prominent physician before he was a missionary, and did good service for years in both spheres in the foreign field, yet he was counted as a missionary like ordinary missionaries. Again, such was the case with Dr. Asahel Grant, who went out in 1830 as a missionary to the Nestorians, and who wrote an "Appeal to Pious Physicians," that emphasized the importance of this branch of the missionary service. But Dr. Peter Parker seems to have been the first distinctive" medical missionary" sent to the foreign field in connection with modern mISSIOns. And his personal labors and his wide influence over others in this direction entitle him to preeminence.

In 1835 he opened a hospital in Canton for the gratuitous relief of the sick. This tended to disarm prejudice and to win favor; at the same time it furnished excellent opportunities for giving religious instruction and counsel, and of winning individuals to Christ. It was said of Dr. Parker that "he opened Ohina to the gospel at the point of his lancet"; also that he had up to his day done more to advance the cause of medical missions than any other man.

In 1836, Dr. Parker's Eye and Ear Infirmary treated nearly two thousand Chinese patients, at a cost of twelve hundred dollars, all of which was contributed by resident foreigners in Oanton. Within the first twenty-five years more than a million cases had been treated in the missionary hospitals in Ohina, and that was but the beginning. And this was only an incidental item of the missionary work. Two years later, Dr. Parker had four students in medicine and surgery, one of whom became an expert operator. They were Rupported by the Medical Missionary Society, organized in Ohina that same year.

In 1837 Dr. Parker with Dr. S. 'Yells Williams went on an exploring expedition to Japan, having for its first object the interest of missions, and the further purpose of learning the nature and possibilities of the then little-known country visited. This expedition, in the vessel JforrisoJl, put at the disposal of the missionaries by the good

missionary ship-owner D. W. C. Oliphant, was far greater in its outgrowing and ultimate results than in those immediately apparent.

In 1840 the breaking out of the Opium War with England made it necessary to close the dispensary at Oanton. Dr. Parker visited the United States about that time. On his way home from Ohina Dr. Parker was in Edinburgh as the guest of the eminent Dr. Abercrombie. As he told him of the power of medical missions in Ohina, Dr. Abercrombie became much interested, and with a few other medical men he determined on action in this line. A result was the formation of the Edinburgh Medical Mission. After a while medical missionaries were trained there and elsewhere, and now the world rejoices in the work of such workers, caring for the bodies and the souls of those in non-Ohristian lands. Thus, at the Fourth International Student Volunteer Oonvention in Toronto in 1902, it was reported that nearly five hundred of the student volunteer missionaries in the British Isles, or nearly one-fourth of the whole number in that field, were medical students. More than fifty medical colleges were represented at that convention. 'l'his certainly is progress.

In 1841 Dr. Parker was married to Miss Harriet O. Webster, of Washington, D. O. The next year he went back to Ohina, his wife accompanying him, she being the first foreign lady to reside in Oanton. In 1844 Dr. Parker was appointed secretary and interpreter to the United States Legation, and this gave him added prominence, enlarged acquaintance, and increased opportunities of representing Onrist in endeavors to do good to his native country and to Ohina. Altho he dissolved his formal connection with the American Board, Dr. Parker continued his active missionary work and his services in the infirmary while he was secretary and interpreter to the American Legation, and again and again he was charge d'affaires, ad interim.

In 1855, after twenty years of missionary service, Dr. Parker returned to America. But very soon the linited States government appointed him United States Oommissioner to China, with plenipotentiary powers for the revision of the treaty of 1844. These duties occupied him two years more, and in 1857 he returned to his Washington home with impaired health, caused by a severe sunstroke. He resided in Washington for the remainder of his life, until January 10, 1888. He was appointed a regent of the Smithsonian Institution, and he was ever active in good works in church and community.

As for years Washington was one of my homes, it was my privilege to see Dr. Parker often and to come to value him more and more. I attended the same church with him and met him frequently in religious and social circles. An occasion that was of peculiar interest to Dr. Parker which I was privileged to enjoy, was the arrival in Washington of the Japanese embassy, or delegation of Japanese brought by Oommodore P:rry, as the first step toward that opening of

Japan to the Western world that has been fraught with such consequences to humanity in and out of Japan.

Wherever Dr. Peter Parker was he was sure to be recogni?,ed and looked up to as a man of nobility and of grace. He was of large frame and of imposing and impressive presence. Intellect and character and experience showed in his fine face and features, while there was a genial, kindly, and a spiritual expression, winning the confidence of all to whom he spoke. He was a good illustration of the superiority of the missionary above ordinary men. I am glad to have. known him.

PRESENT CONDITIONS AND PROSPECTS IN COLOMBIA * BY AN AMERICAN RESIDENT OF COLOMBIA All classes and conditions of persons in Colombia admit that the present state of the country is deplorably bad, and that many years must pass before any degree of prosperity can De established among the people. The country is passing through one of those many civil strifes that have given to South America the name of "The Revolutionary Continent." , We propose to give a short resnme of the actual conditions in the country, so far as we know them at the present time (February, 1902); a review of the causes of these conditions; a statement of the pros- pects before the country, so far as we C:1n judge them; and an outlook from our political and religious point of view.

I. The administration of public affairs in Colombia has been nominally in the hands of the Conservative party since 1886, when a new political constitution was adopted and legislation was enacted in accord with what are known as conservative principles. During the year of 1895 an attempt was made by some of the leaders of the Liberal party to foment an armed revolution and overturn the gov- ernment, but it did not receive the support of the mass of their party and it was soon suppressed. This section of the party continued its ~fforts to secure the support of the whole party, but without entire success, and at last, even against the pu blic protest of a very influen- tial section of their fellow partisans, the leaders of the revolutionary party raised the standard of war against the government on the night of October 17, ] 899. The most important uprisings were in the Department of Santander, and there were lesser ones in all the other departments or states. The next day a decree was issued by the gov- ernment, recognizing the existence of a state of rebellion, and assum- ing all the powers that are granted to the executive under such con- * For obvious reasons it is deemed best to withhold thl! name of the author of this artIcle.

He is, however, a mall who is in every way deserving of confidence.-EDITORS.

PRESENT CONDITIONS AND PROSPECTS IN COLOMBIA

DR. JOst M. MARRO·QUIN Tbe vice·president wbo took charge of the execut.lve power on fall of Dr. Sanclemente, July 31, 1900 ditions. Vigorous efforts were made to suppress the uprising, but with only partial success. 'fhe government is said to have placed seventy-five thousand men under arms and the revolution had perhaps thirty-five thousand. Under such conditions it was not to be expected that the revolution would triumph at once, altho it was able to make a very serious fight. During the twenty-eight months that the war has lasted there have been reported some four hundred combats of greater or less importance, and it is estimated that some fifty thousand lives have been sacrificed in the strife.

If one reason why the Liberal party has not shovn its strength in this strife has been that some of the leaders of the party were opposed to the war, it can be said with equal truth that one reason why the Governmental party has shown its weakness has been on account of

the lack of concord among its principal men. At the outbreak of the war, the president of the republic, Dr. Mannel A. Sanclemente, and his secretary of war, General Jose Santos, were supposed to belong to the more moderate wing of the Oonservative party, and a great deal of discontent was shown among the old-line Oonservatives, many of whom refused to openly support the administration. In order to satisfy them, General Santos was removed, and General Oasabianca took his place May 1, 1900. The leaders of the old-line party also complained that the president was too old to properly discharge the duties of his office, that he was too iII to live in the city of Bogota, and that he was under the entire control of his secretary of government, Dr. R. M. Palacio, and 011 this plea decided to remove him from-office and call the vice-president, Dr. Jose M. Marroquin, to take charge of the executive power. This was done on the night of July 31, 1900, supported by the officers and troops in the city of Bogota. The deposed president and his cabinet protested, but their friends have not been active in their support of the new administration, altho it is virtually the same party. The new president named his cabinet at once, but of those who accepted a position with him, only one now remains in office. 1'he following have occupied the position as secretary of war: Generals Quintero O. (retired), Pinzon (died), J. D. Ospina (retired), Pedro N. Ospina (banished from the country), Ooncha (appointed minister to Washington), and Fernandez (now in office). The administration, on account of this lack of concord among the leaders of the party, has been most seriously handicapped.

Another serious trouble is the financial condition of the country. Before the year 1885 the rate of exchange on forEign markets was only some twenty per cent. premium for foreign money, but on account of the war of that year the government was obliged to emit paper money, and the rate of exchange went up considerably. Again there was a war in 1895, and the government again issued paper money and the rate of exchange went much higher.* It is stated that at the beginning of the war there were forty-one million pesos, paper money, in circulation, but now there must be two hundred million pesos, and the amount is being enlarged day by day. As this paper money is legal tender for all debts and obligations, business is in hopeless confusion, due to an inconvertible paper curreucy.

Among other evils it has produced an era of wild speculation and extravagance in living. The poorest people, who earn their living by the sweat of their brows, are those who have suffered the most. The government has also found that the issue of paper money will not * At the time the present war began four pesos would buy an American dollar; that is, the peso waS worth twenty-five cents in gold. Yet now, in order to meet the expenses of this war, paper money was again issued, and within a few months the peso was worth only ten cents gold; within a year it was worth only five cents, and during the last few months it bas been worth only from two to two and a half cents.

PRESENT CONDITIONS AND PROSPECTS IN COLOMBIA

supply its necessities. Foreign exchange must be bought with which to get war materials, and as it requires some fifty pesos to buy each dollar, this falls with crippling force on the treasury. Altho the government had yielded to the temptation to issue larger and larger sums of paper money, and had seen its pernicious effects on the morals of the people and on the integrity of the government itself, there was no remedy except to continue or to confiscate the property of the people for public uses. The result has been a compromise in which the evil effects of both measures are clearly felt. Confiscation of property, forced loans, and contributions of war have been required of the peo.;. pIe, and especially from those who are known to sympathize with the revolutionary party.

The effects of these measures are most deplorable. Industry of every kind has been almost completely paralyzed, agriculture destroyed, many of the farmhouses burned, and villages abandoned; and now, with the forced loans and contributions of war, the banks and commercial houses in all the business centers of the republic are on the verge of ruin.

The Warring Factions II. This conflict is only another form of the tremendous struggle that has been going 011 for ages among all nations-the conflict between conservatism and progress, between restricted industry, activity, and education on the one hand and the liberty to develop spontaneously and freely on the other, and between personal privileges for certain classes and equal rights for all men.

We must do the Conservative party the justice of saying that in general the leaders of both factions have been men who were recog- nized as eminent for their natural abilities,for their education, and for their devotion to their country. It is not so evident that their principles are wise, and from the standpoint of one who has been edu- cated under English and American ideals, they belong to the school that upheld the system which GeorgeII!. attempted to rivet on the American colonies, but which was rejected forever in the American struggle for independence. • We must also do their opponents the justice of saying that they, in -their tUl'll, reject the system and, like our fathers, demand the liberty to develop according to the circumstances of the land where they live.

The unfortunate element in the situation has been the influence, in each party, of a few hot"headed and irreconcilable men who can not adapt themselve8 to circumstances, who demand all and will yield nothing, and who council violence when measures are adopted that are not to their liking. These are the men who have plunged the country into war, and thus became the destroyers rather than the reconstructors of the country.

COLOMBIAN REVOLUTIONARY OFFICERS AND MEN, 1901 These leaders give the following reasons for the war, which will be here stated, as nearly as possible, free from party exaggeration.

The Conservative party has suppressed "parliamentary government," and has established in its place a "presidential government." The real meaning of this expression is that the development of the Colombian government is exactly the contrary of that of the English government. In Colombia the real power is lodged in the president, while in England it is in reality in the House of Commons. The president can not be called to account for his actions, and he possesses extraordinary power to issue legislative decrees and to execute the laws by what is known as "the administrative process." He appoints his cabinet, the governors of the states, and all executive officers, either directly or through those whom he has already appointed and can remove at will. These officers become his personal agents. The courts decided in the case of "EI Heraldo," a printing establishment, that the governor of the department could not be tried by the courts for closing the est~blishment without process of law and in time of peace, because in doing so he' was acting under express instructions from the president, who is not responsible to the courts for such matters. To change this plan of government is one of the objects of the revolutionary leaders, and they believe that only an armed insurrection can change it.

All members of the Liberal party have been excluded, not by law, but by the practise of the" powers that be," from all civil and military offices ever since the Conservatives came into power. This is' in general true, and the excuse made by the government party is that as the opposirion has made known itl;! .intention to overthrow the govern-

PRESENT CONDITIONS AND PROSPECTS IN COLOMBIA

ment at the first opportunity. The Liberals say that no remedy can be found in the government itself, for the powers of Congress are exceedingly limited, and that no legislation could even be proposed without the consent of the "Council of State" (composed of men entirely under the control of the presidential party). In addition the election laws, and the practises under them, are such that the Government party can prevent the return of any candidate that it may wish to exclude, as has constantly been done since 1886. This fact, admitted in its general terms by all parties in Colombia, is used to justify the plea that the institutions ought to be reformed, and can not be reformed except at the point of the bayonet.

Again, there is a Church question involved in the strife, so that the clerical party is entirely on the conservative side. 'l'he Liberal party affirms that the favors shown to the Roman Catholic clergy, orders, etc., in exemptions of trials before the common courts and froll,l the payment of taxes, import duties, etc., are unjust to the rest of the population, and should be abolished. Strong objections are made to the laws that place the entire control of education at public expense in the hands of the clergy, and to those that place the administration of the public cemeteries in their hands, because they are abused for party and Church interests. Equally strong objections are made to the marriage laws, as these laws are administered and offenses against them are judged by the clergy. Violent objection is also made to the payment to the Church officers of an annual tax of considerable proportions, on account of some claims that the Church has made against the government of Colombia for property taken years ago.

GOVERNMENT OFFICERS AND PRIEST ON EVE OF BATTLE, 1901

While it is clear that these leaders understand that the cause of liberty and progress is bound np with the fall of the Conservative party, yet they have preferred war to pacific measures, and much of their violence owes its vigor to the ranCOI'ousness of party spirit, to personal spites, and to personal ambitions, if not to the historic revo- lutionary spirit.

On the other hand, the Conservative party defends their system of government as best fitted to the present state of culture and civiliza- tion in 'Colom bia, and, like many of the leaders in our Southern States, decline to be governed by an ignorant populace. They also charge the Liberals with opposition to the Roman Catholic Church, not so much on account of disliking the exemptions granted and the priv- ileges given, as on account of opposition to all religious principles, and because they desire liberty to live irreligious and immoral lives. Such public statements as the following, made by a pr~inent Con- servative party man, for part.y purposes, are common, and represent the feelings of many in the party: The ideas which have inspired the present revolution, the means that are used for carrying it on, and, above all, the end that is to be secured, can all be reduced to a permanent, and at the same time a formidable, attack against the idea that there is a God, that man has an immortal soul, that moral responsibility exists, that justice should be administered, that property is sacred, and that the properly constituted authorities should be obeyed. Those pretended restorers of society, a;}Ostles of the liberty of conscience, of liberty of worship, and of civil liberty, are really disciples of the so-called" modern libecty," which acknowledges neither God nor government, neither duties nor rights.

This is, of course, an overdrawn statement, but it represents party feeling as it exists, and something of partisan methods.

III. A statement of the prospects before the country must necessa- rily be defective, because at present we can not judge whether it is likely that the attempted revolution will triumph by force of arms or be suppressed. This much we do know, that the material civilization of the country is completely prostrated, and that it will be years before it can be reestablished even under the best form of government. The ,loss of so many of the young men of the country has taken away the working force, and so will retard its recovery. The great debt that rests on the country, not only to pay the claims of the foreigners and citi- zens who have suffered in their persons and property, and to meet the claims of Colombians who have given of their lives and substance in the strife, but also to meet tbe great issue of paper money that has been made, will stagger the treasury for years to come. The return to a sound currency will be-more trying on the people than any financial question they have ,ever tried to solve in the past. But this is not the worst; passions have been inflamed that will not cool for years to come. Already these have destroyed thousands of lives and millions of prop-

PRESENT CONDITIONS AND PROSPECTS IN COLOMBIA

erty, and it looks now as if much more blood must yet be shed and more property destroyed before the end will be reached. Altho it may seem as if the reactionaries are in the majority in only a few places, yet they are in power, and they will not give up without a more furious struggle that will be fought from hilltop to hilltop all over the Colombian Andes. On the other hand, the revolutionary party seems to be determined to win or to perish in the attempt. They state that they intend to continue until they unseat the existing administration and reinstate the reform party. The form that the ci vilization of Colombia will take depends to some measure on the political organism that remains in power after this struggle is over, and this can not be predicted at the present time.

The Religious and Political Outlook IV. '1'he outlook from our religious and political point of view does not depend alone on GABRIEL VARGAS SANTOS the outcome of this revolution. This struggle has been trying Chief of the Revolutionary Party in Colombia 1899-1902 and awful to those who have seen it at close quarters. All truth is not on one side, or all error on the other; neither party can keep the truth out, or crush it, or completely corrupt it. The government side may be called blindly conservative, but if they remain in power they will not, and could not, stop the wheels that are carrying forward the progress of man in material, intellectual, and spiritual things. The revolutionists may be called greedy, selfish, violent, and irreligious; they may be angrily destroying property, and impetuously attacking the lives of those who seek to sustain the existing institutions of thQ country, but they will not and can not prevent a higher civilization from taking the place of thE. lower as it now exists. Political theories and party administrations are things of the hour, and the hour will pass as hours have passed before, but God's plan for the world will develop while it is going. '

We know that God's plan is the establishment of a spiritual relig- ion rather than one that is formal and external; this will sooner or later prevail in Colombia, altho at present the religion of the people consists almost exclusively of exterior practises, many of them very superstitious. T~e tendency is toward fanaticism, and a large degree

of intolerance exists. Even mallY of the religious teachers of the people consider all other forms than theirs as detestable and false, in which there can be no virtue whatever. We would not be wise above what is written, but we believe that God, who is Ii spirit, will yet be worshiped in spirit and in truth from every mountain top and in every valley in the land.

Along with the excessive formalism of the people, which is a practical denial of the power of godliness, infidelity manifests itself in many different forms. A few persons profess to be atheists, others rest in pantheism, many deny the Divine providential government and call themselves naturalists, more profess to be positivists or agnostics, and the vast number nominally adhering to the external form are absolutely indifferent to all religious doctrines and duties. 'l'his part of the nation lives for this world, and may fight furiously for what they want; but they are wofully ignorant, as the other' part of the nation is also, of those higher and purer levels of spiritual life which so many of their fellow beings have reached through personal faith in the living, revivifying Christ.

The regeneration of this people will not come through the success of this or that political party, altho the one may open the doors more widely to the Gospel than the other; but neither the one or the othll' can hold back the winds that waft onward the argosy of material, political, and commercial progress. And just as little can they hold back that Spirit, who, like the wind, passes over all obstacles and carries with Him His power and His agencies for carrying out His will, and also performs His mighty works which will be His witnesses to the ends of the earth.

A CHURCH WITH A DEBT AND A DUTY * A WICHITA CHURCH AND ITS MISSIONARY WORK BY REV. JESSE CRAIG WILSO~ Formerly eight years pastor Union Church, Santiago, Chile, S. A.

We have no desire to glorify the work of man or any church. Our aim is simply to give a plain yet particular account of God's blessing on a church, which, in peculiar difficulties, found its way out of them successfully by following the Scriptural plan for the propagation of the Gospel. America is full of churches of all denominations, struggling to maintain even an existence, with debts or obligations which frighten away new support and stifle all divine enterprise. At the same time, loud calls are coming from mission fields in all quarters for substantial increase in the supply of men and money. We listen to these as in a dreani, while Divine Pr~'idence opens new empires with teeming millions of dark races seemingly to make our problem • Corrected and brought down to date by Rev. C. E. Bradt, Pa,to, of the Wichita Church.

A CHURCH WITH A DEBT AND A DUTY

of evangelization even more overwhelming. We can not refuse the responsibility. 'rhe civilization of our own fair land, and the wellbeing of many others, depend on the prompt and worthy response we give to these spiritual demands. The problem of the whole Church is that also of the individual congregation. We do not claim that we shall have no more difficulties to labor over, but we believe that in the experience of the Wip,hita church we have a key to the situation-a solution of the whole problem.

The Special Problem-A Debt of $30.000 Like individuals, churches liave their liability to err in enterprise, especially in a country where to-day is a wilderness and to-morrow finds a Minneapolis, St. Paul, or a Chicago. This seemed to be the condition at Wichita a few years ago. The population was scant. Desperadoes made the place their headquarters. What is known as the" First Presbyterian Church of Wichita" was organized March 13, 1870, with thirteen members and two elders, in a "dug-out." The city to-day has a population of over twenty-five thousand. Ten or twelve years ago what is called" the boom ,. struck Western Kansas. Wichita felt the impulse. The population grew enormously. New buildings were not large enough for business. Churches were cramped for room. Everything seemed too small. The First Church, feeling this a call of God, ventured on enlargement. A new site was selected and negotiated for at a cost of $20,000. The old site could then have been sold for $40,000, but was held for $50,000. Suddenly" the boom" burst. Property was everywhere mortgaged for many times its value. The people, discouraged and bankrupt. were seeking to escape with their lives. The First Church suffered severely. Its new site, as well as the old, was now practically valueless, and yet the church stood pledged to pay $20,000 for it. 'rhe obligation had to be met. The heavy debt, which was increased by other obligations, previously binding, to $30,000, rested on the church like a pall. Considerable was done toward reducing the burden by surrendering tlte parsonage property and other real estate, and for a time the various departments of church work spiritually were sustained. But when all else was gone a debt of $18,000 was still left upon the church, with a floating indebtedness rising higher and higher each year.. Finally the church reached a condition financially which seemed to paralyze every member and make a forward movement absolutely impossible.

The Key to the Situation About this time the pastorate became vacant, and a call was extended to the Rev. Charles Edwin Bradt, pastor of the Second Presbyterian Church, of Lincoln, Nebraska. Mr. Bradt accepted the call, and, beginning work, followed the policy pursued in Lincoln, namely, that of emphasizing the duty of adequate representation of the church

on the foreign mission field. "Into all the world" and" to every creature" were the commands of Christ. The church must be a " going" church and make a business of reaching the ends of the earth with the Gospel. The pastor held this to be the one condition of the promised presence of Christ with Holy Spirit power in any church. After a series of sermons along this line, Mr. Bradt revealed to some few the conviction of his heart, viz., that the church should take the support of a foreign missionary pastor, at a salary of not less than $600 a year. 'l'his was much beyond even a liberal offering. Few thought it could be done. Difficulties were brought forward, chief among them "the debt." But the truth was kept steadily before the church that He who said" Go" had promised His presence with Almighty power on the condition of obedience. After much prayer, it was decided to make the proposition to the people. Cards of subscription were prepared. A special sermon was preached. All giving was to be voluntary and cheerful. To the astonishment of nearly everyone, the whole amount needed for the support of the " foreign" pastor was secured. Rev. Bunter Corbett, D.D., of Chefoo, China, according to arrangement with the Foreign Board, was chosen to be the missionary pastor of the church.

The Chul'ch's Goliath Met and Slain The Spirit of the Lord was working among the people. At the beginning of the second year of Mr. Bradt's pastorate,1898, the matter was considered in a Congregational meeting, and by a unanimous vote of the congregation its missionary enterprise of the first year became the settled plan and policy of the church.

The following resolutions were unanimously passed by vote of the congregation, April 3, 1898: Resolved, That we, the members of the First Presbyterian Church, of Wichita, Kansas, in regular congregational meeting assembled, do hereby express our desire that this church shah become and be known as a missionary church; that is: 1st. A church whose chief aim and ambition shall be to glorify God by the proclamation of the name of the Lord to every creature on earth.

2d. A church whose organization shall be such as to best carry out the great Com'mission as given by our Lord and Savior.

3d. A church that believes that Jesus Christ meant what he said in Matthew xxviii: 18-20, viz: (1) That all power was given Him in heaven and in earth. (2) That all people who become his followers should immediately and persistently endeavor to preach and to teach His Gospel to. all such as know it not. (3) That obedience to this command on the part of His followers will insure His continued presence and power with them unto the end of the world; and hence wiII guarantee to them success and usefulness which will evidence to the world in an unanswerable manner that Jesus Christ

A CHURCH WITH A DEBT AND A DUTY

is all that He claims to be, the only begotten Son of God, and the only Savior for lost humanity.

A new spirit of faith and hope now took possession of the people. Leading members of the church began to feel that the debt, the great incubus of the church, would some day be removed. No one knew how or when it could be done; but prayers were abundant, and help came speedily-all but miraculously. An unusual consciousness of strength took possession of the people. A faith that God was present to help and that nothing was too hard for: the Almighty was manifested among the members. A chart, called the church's Goliath, was placed upon the wall confronting the congregation. This chart portrayed clearly the total bonded debt of the church, with sums written upon it representing shares, from $I up to $500. Opportunity was then given the congregation to join in slaying the giant that so long had terrified the people of God. Subscription cards were prepared and placed in the people's hands as before. Subscriptions of varying amount followed in rapid succession. As these subscriptions were announced corresponding amounts were canceJed on the chart. Interest became intense as the congregation saw that the giant was actually to be destroyed. Many heads were bowed in prayer. Tears of holy joy were seen to run down the faces of many. 'rhe Holy Spirit verily seemed to brood over the congregation, moving hearts, Himself doing the work which He was enabling them to do. In half an hour the whole indebtedness was provided for. A prayer of thanksgiving was offered, and the congregation departed with the conviction that the presence of Christ, with His almighty power had really been manifested, according to His promise: "And Jesus came and spake unto them, saying, All power is given unto me in heaven and in earth. Go ye, therefore, and teach all nations, baptizing them in the name of the Father, and or the Son, and of the Holy Ghost; teaching them to observe all things whatsoever I have commanded yon; and, la, I am with you alway, even unto the .end of the world. Amen."

What One Church Can Do in the Foreign Field With the clearing of the debt, interest in foreign missions went forward with leaps and bounds. The hand of God had been manifest. The lifting of the debt was His seal upon the church's consecration to the foreign missionary enterprise. Faith was rising. Soeieties and individuals now seemed to vie with one another in the undertaking to~ support native helpers and native pastors in the foreign field, under the supervision of Dr. Hun ter Corbett. In two years after the first step was taken, some tweJ.1ty of these helpers had been thus assigned, and were' supported at an annual expense of from $30 to $60 each. This number was increased the next year to thirty. Monthly letters received from Dr. Corbett, the foreign pastor, and printed in the Missl:onary

Messenger, the home church organ, kept the church, the societies, and all who were interested informed of the conditions on the foreign field and in almost personal touch with the workers.

At the beginning of the third year, 1899, the Woman's Missionary Society of the church came forward with $500 for the support of Mrs. Corbett. That same year, October, 1899, the Young Peoples' Missionary League of the church, in response to an appeal from the Chefoo station for a lady medical missionary, assured the Board of Foreign Missions that if they would commission such a missionary the league would guarantee her support. The Board thereupon commissioned Miss Effie B. Cooper, M.D., at a salary of $500, who was immediately sent to the field as the third American foreign missionary supported by this church.

Recently came an appeal from the same mission, through the church, to the Board, asking for the appointment of a lady evangelist tn accompany Dr. Cooper and assist in caring for the large number of inquirers called out by her medical services. The Board has appointed Miss Louise Vaughn, and the church has assumed her salary of $500 per annum.

In addition to this, a group of members have become responsible for the support of an out-station under Dr. Corbett, called" Ruth Mission," which employs five native pastors.

The church has also furnished the mission station at Chefoo with a a normal school building, at a cost of $2,500, and with other conveniences in the way of real property. The total amount contributed by the church to foreign missions in the last five years is about $10,000.

Does the Home Work Suffer?

The question naturally rises, Does not the home work fare badly by bending so much of thought and effort to the foreign field? Is there not danger of " going to seed" on foreign missions? The facts are quite to the contrary. The same argument might have beenused by the apostles when the Lord said: "Go into all the world and preach the Gospel to every creature." "Lord, will not the Jerusalem work suffer by so doing?" Vital interest in the foreign work always enkindles the home flame. This is true in the experience of the Wichita church.

The payment of the indebtedness was itseJ.f a strong home effort, due in large measure to the quickening of home interest by the foreign work. A debt which can not be lifted is to be dreaded. It discourages; it blunts the sense of duty. If over-heavy it is apt to suggest" shady'" ideas as to real obligations to pay. It may l,ead to undue delay, and possibly to thoughts of repudiation. Thus a church in such condition can not be in right relations with the Divine Master, to whom has been given "all power in heaven and in earth." The

A CHURCH WITH A DEBT AND A DUTY

lifting of such a burden, therefore, if it exists, must be a "home" work and blessing of high order.

The money offering of the Wichita church to the work of home missions shows that such foreign work is the life of the home. 'fhe annual offering of this church to the cause of home missions in 1897, before special interest was aroused in foreign work, was about $300. In 1898, after one year of special work, the offering rose to the amount of $511. In 1899 the amount given was $775; in 1900, it was $955; in 1901, it $1,484.

But this is not all. In April, 1900, under the auspices of one of the Endeavor societies of the church, a lady city missionary for Wichita was put iIi the field, at a salary of $300, and has been enthusiastically su pportetl ever since. The following minute passed by the society at that time will show the spirit that controlled: Realizing that there is a broad field, white for the harvest, lying all about us here in our own city, and that the laborers are now too few to gather the precious fruit unto life eternal before it perishes, and that Christ's command is to preach the Gospel to every creature, we, the Young Peoples' Society of Christian Endeavor No.1, of the First Preshyterian Church of Wichita, Kansas, undertake the support of a city missionary as our representative in this great work.

In the same spirit the church has added to its ministerial force on the local field Rev. Edwin Huyler as pastoral assistant, with a good living salary; also a minister of music, and an office assistant for the pastor.

In other ways increased interest and activity in home work has been manifested hy reason of the foreign enterprise. An Evangelist Band and Personal Workers' Class has been organized and conducted by the pastor. A part of the work of this class is to go out weekly and gather in people from the streets to an evangelistic week-day service. Members of the church and Men's Club go out on the streets and into the saloons and gambling-places of the city, and by loving persuasion "compel" large numbers to come into God's house. It is the working belief and theory of the pastor that any given community can be taken for God if only due effort and prayer are put forth. 'fhe people of the First Church, in response, are rousing themsel ves to meet this ideal. During the past six years over eight hundred persons have un.ited with the church.

In addition to all this, th~ First Church is regularly supporting in Wichita what is known as Lincoln Street Presbyterian Mission, where a Sunday-school is maintained and regular preaching services twice each Sabbath; also two Christian Endeavor societies, a boy's club organization, and a mid-week prayer-meeting. Another Sabbathschool and preaching-place is conducted by one of the members four miles in the country. Funds are also contributed to maintain a Sabbath-sehool in Pike County, Kentucky. The total amount con-

tributed for home missions· during the past five years is the same as that contributed to foreign missions, or about $10,000. As a last step in the direction of home enthusiasm, the church has recently voted its pastor a limited leave of absence each year, that he may assist his brethren of the home field in evangelistic and other work, as the Lord may direct.

Much more might be said by way of detail. Much more remains to be done in giving strength and stability to what has already been started. But have we not here enough data to indicate the normal way in which Divine blessing may come·to the individual church or believer? And may there not be here more than a suggestion for the solution of the missionary problem of the whole Church?

THE MISSIONARY OUTLOOK* BY REV. OOURTENAY H. FENN,-NEW YORK Ohairman of the Oommittee on Foreign Missions (Presbyterian General Assembly) It is with a profound sense of joy and thanksgiving that we report to the Assembly the best year in all the history of the Board of Foreign Missions. The cause of our rejoicing is not merely the fact that for the fifth successive year the Board has come up to the Assembly without the distressing necessity for reporting a debt, but in a still higher degree the fact that, from the mission fields, here, there, almost everywhere, has been wafted to our ears the jubilant song of the Harvest Home. We report to you not merely a financial prosperity, which has enabled the Board to meet all its obligations, but also such an ingathering of souls redeemed by the blood of Christ and regenerated by the effectual working of the Holy Spirit, as should cause the whole Church, from north to south, from east to west, to join with the angelic hosts in their song of triumph and of praise. No less a number than 5,241 adult persons, after long instruction and careful examination, have been baptized into the Presbyterian churches on our mission fields, a larger number than in any previous year since the establishment of the Board. This is an increase of 12~ per cent. upon the membership of last year. Deducting all losses by death or dismissal, there has been a net gain of 2,884, or more than 7 per cent., while the average gain in the home Church for the past six years is but 1.6 per cent. The statistics of growth, other than already given, are as follows: 749 missionaries, a gain of 34; 26,108 scholars in schools, a gain of 198; 289,363 patients treated in hospitals and. dispensaries, and 75,01l,660 pages issued from mission presses. The inevitable delay in reestablishing schools and hospitals in North • Condensed from the report of the Committee on Foreign Missions presented at the General Assembly of the Presbyterian Church, 1902. China accounts for lack of greater gains in those departments. 1,882 native helpers of all grades are employed in the care of 610 churches and in widely extended evangelistic itineration.

CHINA.-All eyes have continued to be turned toward China, and the horror which filled all hearts during the awful summer of 1900 is only now beginning to give way to a vision of the glory which is to be revealed. A year ago it was only by faith that we could refuse to believe the pessimistic prediction that not in forty years would the empire again reaeh the point of progress attained before the outbreak. The empress dowager, alas! is back in Peking in control of the government. But what is she doing? Issuing the very same edicts of reform and progress for which she had deposed the emperor! The establishment of a system of universities in provincial capitals and of academies in district cities, the abolition of the artificial literary essay which served only for the manifestation of abysmal ignorance of everything but an effete past as a basis for official appointment, the introductiou of Western learning into the educational curriculum, the unparalleled demand for Western books, the formation of students' associations, the increased literary use of the Mandarin language, the imperial discountenancing of foot-binding, edicts of religious toleration and of protection for missionaries, heretofore undreamed of freedom of social intercourse between Chinese officials and their wives and all classes of foreigners, an increased respect shown to the missionary in city and country, growing cordiality in the welcome afforded him, emphatic official expressions of approval of his leniency in the settlement of the recent troubles, larger numbers attending his preaching, Buddhist and Taoist priests converted and converting their temples into Christian churches, growing groups of earnest catechumens, many baptisms even in the scenes of ruin-all these things and many more not only rejoice our hearts in the present, but strengthen our faith in God's plan for a mighty work in the days which are to come.

The beautiful life of our lonely missionary at Paotingfu has so watered the seed of martyr blood that officials and people unite in contributions for the new buildings, and the provincial treasurer, suecessor of the author of the massacres, is engaged in the translation of the Bible, which he has learned to admire. The noble witness borne by thousands of native Christians, faithful in every trial, and even unto death, not merely led some to cut out the hearts of their victims for examination, but to consider whether the truth in those hearts was not t~lC source of their sublime courage. Divine wisdom has been given to the missionaries in dealing with the eases of temporary recantation, and their loving firmness has resulted in a great awakening of the Church. The missionaries in Peking have led to Christ many of the American soldiers, and quickened not a few of the careless. And now from every part of that great empire comes home the word: "The fields are whiter than ever to the harvest. Send forth the reapers to gather it in."

JAPAN.-Once more has God given to His Church an open door in Japan. For some years, while it has appeared to be open, it was but an outer door. Following the early promise of our mission work, which encouraged the hope of a speedy evangelization of the islands, and led to the earnest but almost vain appeal to the Church to seize the fleeting opportunity, came the reaction toward a rationalistic the- ology, invertebrate and nerveless, which threatened to kill the native Church by stopping its aggressive efforts, and to destroy all outside interest by its failure to offer anything better than the old ethical philosophies. The past year a general discontent with existing condi- tions, an awakening of the Japanese to a realization of the insuffi- ciency of their own systems, together with other causes, led to the inauguration of the Twentieth Century Special Union Evangelistic Movement, in which Presbyterians, Episcopalians, Methodists, and Baptists have cooperated. Oonducted in a large measure by the natives themselves, with the aid and counsel of the missionaries, this evangelistic campaign, begun in the spring of 1901, and resumed in the fall of the same year, has resulted in twenty thousand inquirers of all ranks and conditions, exclusive of the one thousand four hundred students who expressed a purpose to begin a Ohristian life in the meetings conducted by Mr. John R. Mott, and many others who have recently taken a similar stand in meetings led by the Rev. R. A. Torrey. The end is not yet.

The attempt of the subUe Oonservative party to exclude Ohristianity from the education of Japan has failed. The new educational .code, backed by imperial rescript, had but a temporary triumph, and once more our schools are free to teach Ohristian truth. The latest news from Japan is almost the beflt of all. The native leaders in theological thought have come out clearly and strongly in a declaration of their loyalty to the Word of God as the only infallible rule of faith and practise, and to Jesus Ohrist as the Divine Son of God.

KOREA continues to be the most fruitful field of Ollr missionary labors, so far as visible results are concerned. 1,263 ·communicants were added to the Ohurch during the year, almost one-fourth of the total number in all our fields. Encouraging advance has been made in the new educational work. The Board is making considerable additions to the forces of the mission, whose inadequacy may be judged from the fact that Pyeng Yang station has 2,944 church members, 3,837 catechumens (1,580 of the latter new this year), M counties to shepherd and evangelize, and but 8 ordained misRionaries to do it. Of 92 native helpers, all but 6 are supported by the people, who have, almost unaided, erected 46 new churches this year, making 152 in all. The natives have contributed nearly $4,400 gold. '1'he work is waiting to be done, but the workers are pitifully few.

INDIA.-'rhe Uhristian population continues to far outstrip in growth the general population, having within a decade increased between 18 and 35 per cent. in the different presidencies as com- pared with a general increase of 7 to 15 per cent. There is no little consternation among the Hindus on this account. Our missions have extended greatly the village work among the low caste people, while also emphasizing as of old the Christian education of the higher castes. The horne missions of the native Church are prosper- ing. The funds provided by the generosity of sympathetic friends in America, and the perilous, self-sacrificing efforts of the missionaries during the times of famine and of plague, have given as wards to the Ohnrch about fifteen hundred orphans, to be trained for Ohristian ser- vice, and have also contributed to the general work a tenderness and a power which have brought into the churches of the Western India mission within the year more than twice the number of people baptized in the pl'evious thirty years.

THE PHILIPPINES.-No mission of the Church has received a more emphatic expression of Divine approval than that established on the first anniversary of the great victory in Manila Bay. Tho other Churches have entered the field, there is room for all, and one Evangelical church has been established, the various missions having divided the archipelago among themselves, in the interests of harmonious cooperation. This gives to onr Ohurch all of Southern Luzon and onehalf of the Visayan group. Our three stations at Manila, Iloilo, and Dumaguete are insufficiently manned, but the results are beyond what could be eX}lected with such forces. Already we have enrolled three hundred and fifty-two communicants, two hundred and ninety-nine of them during the year, while hundreds more are requesting instruction and baptism. Our medical work there, as in all our fields, presents a magnificent evangelistic opportunity. The Philippines are in our hands for weal or woe; the character of American influence upon them will depend largely on the American Church. With our civilization goes much of evil. The Church should see to it that there goes more of good. An intelligent people, having found their light but darkness, are looking to us for the true light of life.

In SIAM the old official friendliness continues. The king has paid a visit to our new station of Pitsannloke, near the southern border of the Laos country, and expressed his approval of our work. Nakawn, on the Malay peninsula, gives good promise. New buildings are being erected for the boys' school in Bangkok. All the schools and the hospitals of this mission are largely self-su pporting. The work of our mission press, the best in Bangkok, is much in demand. The impression made by this mission can not be estimated by the number of its converts. To the churches of North Laos have been added one hundred and sixty-one members, A vast amount of evangelistic itineration has been carried on by ministers, doctors, and the women of the mission. Much of the work is self-supporting. 'rhe missionaries have been cordially received in many Buddhist temples.. Nan station reports an increase of sixty-five per cent. in the number of communi- cants.

In PERSIA Russian influence has increased, but the political situation has not been greatly changed, and the people seem decidedly more favorably disposed toward Christianity. The report says that "Rationalism, Babism, infidelity, and a general confused ruin of religious things have increased the spirit of religious inquiry in the minds of thousands who were orthodox Mohammedans." The missionaries have had many interesting interviews with Mohammedan mullahs. Not a few Moslem boys are enrolled in the schools. Some improvement is noted in the Armenian church.

The reports from SYRIA for the year bring mote of cheer and encouragement than those of other years. Large accessions to the churches. a stronger spirit of inquiry, a greater eagerness for education, even at considerable cost, a wide-spread spiritual uplift as the result of the Brummanna Conference, presided over by the Rev. F. 13. Meyer, a clearer perception of the lines to be followed in an aggressive advance, the considerable growth and strong life of the Christian Endeavor Society, an increased disposition among the natives to assume the responsibility for evangelizing their own land-all these things gIve hope that one day all obstacles, Turkish, Greek, and Roman, will give way before the march of a pure Christianity.

AFRICA has suffered, as of old, the loss of faithful and efficient mission –,,.;,,,; but from those who lapor on sounds forth the cry of heroic dllvotion, "Africa must be evangelized. She is dear to the heart of the Master, who is more eager for her redemption than even we are. Plead with the churches in America as well as with the Lord of the Harvest to send forth more laborers into this harvest." It is a hard soil, but there are signs of showers of blessing. From several of the stations come reports of inquiry classes of several hundred members, who are ceasing to do evil and learning to do well, and of churches enlarged and reenlarged, only to be filled again to overflowing. The precious lives have not been given in vain.

SOUTH A~fEmcA.-In Brazil there is an increase of unpaid evangelistic effort on the part of the natives. Much itinerating has been done. Three hundred and fifty-three have been added to the churches. The year has been the most encouraging in the history of the two mISSIOns. The college has been greatly prospered financially. Candidates for the ministry are more numerous. Bible sales are increasing. In Ohili the Instituto Ingles has become the best boys' school

THE STORY OF QUCHENS

on the coast. In Colombia the long-continued revolutionary conditions have prevented itineration, but the work of the schools has been vigorously prosecuted, the only hindrance being the opposition of the governor at Barranquilla, closing-it is hoped but temporarily -our successful boys' school. In Guatemala renewed hostility from the Romanists has been encountered and little progress can be reported.

MEXICo.-The most interesting event in the history of the Mexico mission was the organization last July, in Mexico City, of the Independent Synod of Mexico, a union of our own work '''ith that of the Southern church. The schools have continued to do good work and the churches have steadily grown. Some of the members give from one-tenth to one-half of their income to church support.

The union of churches in Mexi.co just referred to is but one of many movements of the kind by which the year has been marked. The Presbyterian Alliance in India has submitted to the Presbyteries a basis for the union of all Presbyterian bodies in that country as "The Church of Christ in India (Presbyterian)." In China the first steps have been taken in the same direction. A committee of cooperation in Japan now binds together not only Presbyterians but alJ churches, save the Greek, Roman, and Episcopal. In Shantung, China, there is talk of union between American Presbyterians and English Baptists, while in Peking, Methodists, Congregationalists, and Presbyterians propose a union university, the collegiate department to be with the Methodist and American Board missions, the medical with the LondQn mission, and the theological with the Presbyterians. All these things are in line with the deliverances of the Assembly and with the prayer of our Lord for His disciples.

THE STORY OF GUCHENG-II THE SOUTH SEA ISLAND PIONEER AMONG THE CANNIBALS OF NEW GUINEA BY THE REV. S. McFARLANE, LL.D., SOUTHPORT, ENGLAND Author of " The Story of the Lifu Mission," " Among the Cannibals of New Guinea," etc.

The time had now arrived to commence a mission on the great island of New Guinea. The London Missionary Society had begun its work at Takiti in the Far East and worked westward; island after island and group after group had been evangelized. The Loyalty Group being at the western extremity of the mission, New Caledonia being closed to us by the French, and the Presbyterians and Episcopalians being at work in the New Hebrides, it was clearly the duty of the young churches of the Loyalty Group to regard New Guinea as their foreign mission field, for it was a kind of unwritten law in the South Sea mission that when an island had received the Gospel it

was to hand it on to the next. The question had been discussed at the annual meeting of the missionaries of the Loyalty Islands mission, "- and the directors in London had sanctioned our proposal and appointed me to carry it out. So I called a great meeting of the churches of Lifu, laid the scheme before them, and asked for volunteers from the native pastors and students in our seminary, with the result that all volunteered, they requesting me to select from their number those I considered most suitable. I felt, of course, that the best men were needed for pioneer work in such a place as New Guinea, and this is how it came about that Gucheng was the first native evangelist appointed to the New Guinea mission. He had married the daughter of a chief, who for many years was a girl in my wife's school, and developed from a wild, heathellish, unkempt girl into a fine woman, physically, mentally, and morally, and made him an excellent wife. The sacrifices which Gucheng and his wife made in leaving their comfortable home and pretty village and devoted people for the risks and privations of pioneer work among the call11ibals of New Guinea will bear comparison with those made by European missionaries. Their homes are as dear to them as ours are to us, yet they cheerfully give up all for the sake of Christ and His kingdom, and place themselves unreservedly at the disposal of the missionaries, which should make the missionaries most careful and prayerful as to provisions for their health and safety.

In beginning a great mission in a sickly climate, among a savage and cannibal people, it seemed imperative to form a central station at a place tolerably healthy and safe, which might become.an educational centre, as well as a sanitarium and" city of refuge" for the whole mISSIOn. From information received, Darnley Island, in Torres Straits, appeared to be the kind of place we needed. It is about seven hundred feet above the sea, possessing fertile valleys and plateaus, groves of cocoanut and other fruit trees, good anchorage and fresh water, and is situated between Yule Island, ou the New Guinea coast, to the east, and Thursday Island, in Torres Straits, on the west, the latter a calling-port of the mail steamers between Eugland and Aust~'alia, and the most convenient place at which to get letters and supplies for the mission. * To the north lies the great Fly River, which can be reached by an eight-hour sail in a whale-boat, and then ascended for six hundred miles, the highway into the interior of that great country. When I became personally acquainted with Darnley and saw its importance as a suitable place for a central mission station, I took the first opportunity of calling upon the ministers for lands of the Queensland government, and succeeded in securing the half of Darnley for the London Missionary Society, with the promise that the other half should not be leased to any trading firm, but kept in the ~lt lies en route between the two, about a day's sail from each.

THE STORY OF GUCHENG

hands of the government, so that practically we secured the whole island as a base of operations, and determined to make it the Iona of our New Guinea mission.

As Gucheng was the first native teacher selected for work in Ollr New Guinea mi&sion, so he was the first located; he and Mataika (another Lifu native) were appointed to begin the work at Darnley; consequently, they were specially interested as we drew near onr first landing-place since we left Lifn for New Guinea. The "sailing instructions" informed us that the anchorage was in "Treachery Bay," a name gi ven to the place on account of a boat's crew having been massacred there, and that the natives were very wild and treacherous, and warned all vis- itors to be on their guard; so that when we dropped anchor in the bay without seeing a native our suspicions were aroused. There was no one to introduce us to this people, and none of us knew any- thing of their language; but acts of kindness is a language that people can understand all the world over, and that was the only language we were able to use in our first touch with these cannibal tribes in different points of our mission. 'fhe first man 'upon whom we tried this language was the lead- ing warrior of the place, who is now the senior deacon of the church there. Soon after we THE CHIEF'S SPIRE HOUSE AT KALO

cast anchor on that memorable Saturday evening he made his appearance on a hill, evidently to reconuoiter. We beckoned to him, and then jumped into our boat and met him on the beach. That meeting, like many others of our first meetings with the cannibals in New Guinea, was very different from the pictures in books and magazines of the missionary's first landing among savages. I have often been amused at the pictures of Moffat and Williams compared with my own experience. Instead of standing on the beach in a suit of broadcloth with Bible in hand, the pioneer missionary in New Guinea might be seen on the beach in very little and very light clothing, with an umbrella in one hand and a small bag in the other, containing not Bibles and tracts, but beads, jew's-harps, small looking-glasses, and matches; not pointing to heaven, giving the impression that he is a rain-maker, but sitting on Ii stone with his shoes and stockings off, surrounded by an admiring crowd, who are examining his white feet, and rolling up his wet trousers (he having waded on shore from the boat), to see if he has a white leg, and then motioning for him to bare his breast, that they may see if that is also white. The opening and shutting of an umbrella, the striking of a match, the ticking and movement of a watch-these things cause great surprise and delight and loud exclamations.

What we did when we met this savage on the beach at Darnley was to induce him to enter onr boat and accompany us to the vessel, which after a few friendly demonstrations we succeeded in doing, tho he was evidently very much afraid. We talked to him on board in a manner most effectual. Not knowing the way to his heart through his ear, we took the familiar road through his stomach by giving him a good dinner, then made him a few small presents and sent him away rejoicing, giving him to understand by signs that he was to return next morning when the sun was up and bring his friends with him.

It would have been interesting to know what was said around the fires in the cocoanut grove that night. Our presents would be handed round for inspection and gazed upon with longing eyes. They would naturally feel that there were plenty more where they came from, and the question would be, hOlO to get them. On these occasions some propose stealing, others suggest murder and plunder)' the wise men, however, advise barter and begging. They have probably had intercourse with some foreign vessel, or have heard of natives who have, ",here the murder and plunder theory has been tried with results far from encou.raging.

Long before sunrise we heard unmistakable evidence of a crowd having assembled on the beach, all anxious to get on board, hoping, no doubt, to be treated like onr friend the night before. After our morning bath on deck, during which there were loud exclamations at

our white skins, we sent in the boats to bring them off to the vessel. On such occasions in our first contact with savages, we take the precaution to fasten a rope across the after part of the vessel, beyond which we do not allow the natives to go. Two or three of the crew are stationed in the bows of the vessel, the mate and one of his men stand behind the rope in the after part, keeping a sharp lookout on the crowd. All movable articles which might tempt the natives are put below and the hatches fastened. The way to and from the cabin is in the reserved part of the vessel, which the natives are not allowed to approach till we are acquainted with them. Neglect or contempt of A STREET IN THE MARINE VILLAGE OF TUPUSELEI these precautions has often led to very serious and fatal consequences. As a rule, pioneers should not allow natives who are savages and cannibals to get behind them. The temptation to a savage who is walking behind, with a club or tomahawk on his shoulder, is often very great; he knows of no tribunal in heaven or on earth to punish him, and is often led to kill, not from revenge, but from sheer ambition, knowing that if he is successful he will gain both approval and popu'- larity from his countrymen.

Imagine, then, this Cl'owd of savages on board our vessel, naked, and ornamented with paint, feathers, and shells, all talking at once, examining everything, peering into every place, pressing against the rope which they are trying to remove or surmount in order to get to the cabin, standing in the rigging to get a better view, some of them

falling or being pushed overboard amid the laughter of their friends. What were we to do with such a congregation on that memorable Sab- bath morning? How I longed to be able to speak to them! All we could hope to accomplish was to make a favorable impression upon their minds, showing by our conduct that we were different from others who visited them. 'ro this end I conducted our morning service in the Lifu language. '£he crew joined our eight teachers and their wives, who all appeared in Sunday attire. Seven nationalities were represented, from the educated European to the debased savage. Every shade of color might be seen, both in skin and dress, from white to black. It was a strange and most interesting sight. Never before or since have I preached to such an audience. We sang, to the astonishment and delight of tIle natives, "Jesus shall reign," etc., and the 11iUs sent back the response, in solemn and glorious echo, " Jesus shall reign." We prayed together that God would direct, protect, and bless His servants in the great work they were beginning, for never did men feel more than we did then their absolute dependence upon Divine help. The savages looked on in silence and wonder. After the service we mingled with them freely, and took some of the leading men into the cabin; then made them a few presents, and sent them away feeling (as I afterward found) that whoever we were we differed from those who had hitherto' visited them. In the afternoon we visited the vi11age, where we were kindly received, return presents being made by the people. Thus our intercourse began, and in three or four days we had gained their confidence and established the mission, placing Gucheng in charge.

I must not omit to record a very touching incident that occurred in connection with the settlement of Gucheng on Darnley. It happened on the morning of the fifth day that I was standing near the door of the grass hut that we had purchased from the natives as a lodging for our teachers till they built a suitable house for themselves. Our friends inside did not know that I was near. Their boxes and bundles had been landed, and -all was ready for us to start for the point on the New Guinea coas~ where we intended, if possible, to form our next station. As I approached I heard one of the women crying most piteously; it was Gucheng's wife. I stood for a few minutes outside, unwilling to intrude, for such grief seemed to render the place sacred. "Oh, my country! my country! Why did we leave our happy home ? Would that we were back at Lifu again! These people will kill us when the mission vessel leaves, or they will steal all we possess." Then I heard her husband, in tremulous tones saying, "We must remember what we have come here for-not to get pearl shell, or trepang, or any earthly riches, but to tell these people about the true God, and the loving Savior, Jesus Ohrist. We must think of what He suffered for us. If they kill us, or steal our goods, whatever we may suffer, it will be very little compared with what lie suffered

STREET, MOAPA, AROMA, NEW

TilE XX••IONA.RY R1ilVIlIW 0:1' THE WORLD

for us." I could stand it no longer, but walked away till I recovered myself; then I entered the hut, and talked and prayed with them, and I am not ashamed to add that we wept together. Our party soon joined us, and when we walked down to the boat I need scarcely say that we were all sad and sorrowful; and as we pulled off to the ship, and beheld the weeping little group on the beach, surrounded by naked, noisy savages, one could not help feeling how little the world knows of its truest heroes.

We were absent for three weeks on the New Guinea coast, forming stations at Dauan, Saibai, and Katau. Here we found the difficulties and dangers, both from the natives and the country, much greater than at Darnley. Saddest of all, however, was the trouble occasioned by some of our own countrymen, who had just arrived in Torres Straits to collect pearl shell, and who by their plundering plantations and capturing natives very nearly led to the massacre of four of our native teachers. On our return to Darnley we were delighted with the change that had already taken place. Gucheng and his party had evidently been hard at work; with the' help of the natives they had built a neat cottage, a great improvement upon the surrounding huts. It contaiued a living and a bed room; in the middle of the former stood a table and bench, the legs being not on, but in the floor, and on the table were yams, bananas, and young cocoanuts, while outside were a crowd of laughing natives, who all seemed anxious to show how pleased they were to have Gucheng and his wife live among them. We spent the Sunday there, and had a most interesting service in the cocoanut grove-the best of all places for public worship in such climates.

Leaving Darnley, we crossed over to the peninsula to see what the natives were like there, with a view to future operations. On a wind we made Yule Island, which lies ill the mouth of a bay about six miles wide, blocked at one end by reefs, with a fine passage at the other for large vessels, making, between it and the mainland, one of the finest harbors in New Guinea, known as Hall Sound. As we gazed upon the green clad hills and thick forest land of Yule Island we felt that this would make a splendid central station for that part of New Guinea. Further east we found the tribes lighter in color than those in the gulf, with a language-judging from the numerals up to fiveresembling the Eastern Polynesian, and, like them, wearing the mara. It seemed probable that the whole southeast peninsula was peopled by Malayo-Polynesians, who had conquered the aborigines and driven them back into the interior. It therefore seemed desirable that the directors should appoint a couple of missionaries from Eastern Polynesia, with a staff of teachers from that branch of our South Sea mission, to carryon work on the southeast peninsula of New Guinea. I suggested this course to the directors, mentioning the names of Mr. Lawes, of Savage Island, ami Mr. Chalmers, of Rarotonga, having first ascertained from these gentlemen that they would willingly join the New Guinea mission if asked to do so by the directors of the London Missionary Society. No time, however, was lost in securing Eastern Polynesian teachers for the southeast peninsula of New Guinea, and they were located and superintended by the Rev. Mr. Murray, of Samoa, for three years, till Mr. Lawes arrived, who was joined three years later by Mr. Chalmers.

(To be concluded)

THE RELATION OF THE CHURCH TO ISLAM

THE RELATION OF THE CHURCH TO ISLAM* BY REV. CANON EDWARD SELL, D.D. Fellow of the University of Madras, India What are the present aspects of the Mohammedan world? In the political sphere it is losing influence by its own inherent weakness. While this is true, it is still strong, and in many places growing, as a religious system. Indeed, in recent times there has been a great revival and much activity in the development of its missionary operations.

The Wahhabi revival of a hundred years ago has spent its force as a distinct movement, but much of its intensity of purpose and of its fanatical intolerance has passed into the Darwish orders, of which there are about eighty, some ancient and some modern. The last fifty years have seen in Northern Africa and in the Eastern, the Western, and Oentral Sudans a most remarkable development of missionary activity. The greatest of all the modern orders at work there, the Sanusiyah,t numbers its followers by many millions, is possessed of great wealth, and imbued with a conservative and fanatical spirit. Its hostility not only to Ohristianity, but to all forms of modern civilization, is very great, and its influence is growing year by year.

This revival is spreading out in all directions. A hundred years or so ago great tribes, like those in Hausa land, were still pagan, and, if the Ohurch had been alive, they might now have been within her fold. She slumbered and slept, and now one of the finest races in Africa is, for the most part, Mohammedan, and their state is under a Moslem ruler. The neglect of the Ohurch has lost millions upon millions of the Africans of the Oentral Sudan and contiguous regions, and year by year numbers of men go forth chiefly from the great Moslem theological school of Fez, Morocco, to spread their faith through all those regions.

It may be at once admitted that Islam raises a savage tribe. It abolishes cannibalism and other evils; it brings some notion of a higher power and of a future life: it sets up a definite rule and law; but it is a low level, after all, and it fixes the nation at that level. Its fundamental principle is that its law is divine, final, and perfect. It teaches that there can be no further development. Polygamy, concubinage, and slavery are expounded as being laid down in God's final rev~lation and so as unchangeable. It gives to these moral evils all the support of a Divine sanction. It teaches the negro convert to look with proud contempt on all other men and on all other creeds. There is hope of the conversion of a pagan race when the Gospel is brought to it; it is a hundredfold harder to win a pagan race which has first embraced Islam. The religion of Mohammed is in no way a preparation for Ohristianity.

'fhis great activity of the Darwish orders is-a loud call to the Ohurch • Portion of an address delivered before the International Missionary Union, Clifton Springs, N. Y., June 7, 1902.

t A full historical account of this order is given in Sell's" Essays on Islam." -EDITORS.

to occupy the great central portions of Africa before the people are won by the Mohammedans. In this respect, the rapid increase of the Church in Uganda is hopeful, alld if only a strong belt of Christian tribes can be thus formed, the southward march of Islam will be stayed. It seems to me to be the chief duty which now lies upon the Church if the onward march of Islam ill the world is to be arrested.

Other fields can wait, but this can not; for if it is not speedily occu- pied for Christ, it will be won for Mohammed.

In Turkey, in Arabia, and in Persia missions to Mohammedans are now established, tho the missionaries there work under peculiar diffi- culties. In Cairo there are earnest men from our old universities ready to work among the Moslem divinity students in the great col- lege of AI-Azhar, when greater freedom of intercourse than is now permitted can be gained. Missionaries are waiting to work in Khar- tum and the Eastern Sudan, as soon as the present political restriction is removed. 'rhe Western Sudan is being entered, and thus the Church at last is striving to carry the light of the Gospel into the very strong- holds of Islam. Morocco and the Central Sudan are still practically closed, and year by yellr, in the latter country, tribe after tribe of pagans are brought into the fold of Islam. .

In India work is being carried on in all the great centers-of Moslem influence, and the census reveals the fact that the native Christian community is increasing relatively more rapidly than the Mohamme- dan one; while in Sou th India it is far ahead of it in culture and all that makes for progress. Then the liberal moyemen t radiating from the Mohammedan Anglo-Oriental college at Aligarh is hopeful. We see men educated there giving up much of the conservatism which has made Islam so stagnant, modifying their views on certain great dog- mas, bringing their religious books under careful criticism, and accept- ing as fundamentally true a law of development in religious belief and practise. They feel that the customs of polygamy, slavery, and con- cubinage are real evils, and assert that the injunctions in the Koran regarding them were temporary permissions and not permanent laws.

This completely discards the orthodox teaching of the inspiration and nature of the Koran. The like of it is seen nowhere else, and whither it will all tend one can not say, but movement is better than stagnation.

Then the actual number of converts to Christianity is very much larger than is generally supposed. Many of the native clergy are con- verts from Islam. In many parts education and liberal views are spreading, the controversial questions are more clearly stated, and Islam and Christianity meet in India on more friendly terms than they can do elsewhere. .

We alsQ now know more about Islam, and see in some of its beliefs that on which fuller truth can be built. 'The Moslem believes the Koran is eternal-a hopeless view in some respects, and one which makes it

TIlE RELATION OF THE CHURCH TO ISLAM

almost impossible for him to understand the Bible; but the idea of the eternal nature of the Word-that which reveals God to man is, when applied not to the dead letter of a book, but to the living person of an incarnate Savior, a greattrnth.

A large section of the Mohammedans believe ill a succession of immaculate, infallible teachers, ever present in a seen or llnseen state, Change this from men, who are, after all, sinful'and fallible, to the guid- ance of the Holy Spirit, ever present, infallible and true, and we 'lee that the Moslem may at least, be shown how his need can be better supplied.

On the other hand, the difference is radical. The Moslem idea of God is, in its ultimate conception, rather that of a pitiless fate than that of a loving Father. Tho it honors Christ in outward speech, it , dishonors Him in its real belief by the absolute denial of His Divine Sonship and of His atoning work; it claims to be God's latest and final revelation, and the only religion in which salvation can be found. The Christian is an unbeliever here and must perish in the life to come. There can be no truce, no compromise, for Islam disdains all such. The words of the Koran are clear and distinct: "He it is who hath sent His apostle with the guidance and a religion of the truth, that lIe may make it victorious over every religion." One of the latest utterances of Mohammed, speaking of Jews and Christians, was: "May God curse them! * How are they misguided!" The fact that some forms of Christianity have been at times propagated by force is true; but it can not be shown that such was the spirit of Christ, or that he so commanded His kingdom to be established. It is also a fact that Islam is ill places, especially as in India, where it has no separate political power, and perhaps ill Turkey and other lands where the influence of Christian powers can be exercised, spread by peaceful means; still, force has been in the past, and still is, a law- ful method. It is in accordance with the mind and in conformity to the actions of Mohammed, whose last words to his people on this point are plain. So long as Islam lives will these words ring in the ears of every orthodox Moslem: "May God curse them!" The legacy of the Prophet of Mecca is no word of peace, but an inspiring war-cry which, as years roll on, ever keeps alive a fanatical spirit. Islam neither seeks nor desires, nor indeed can it accept, any com- promise or truce with other religions. Absolute hostility is its fundamental basis and t.he logical expression of its first principles.

We accept, then, the position that the difference is absolute and fundamental; but we do so without despair, for the words are true, and every Moslem in Damascus can, if he will, read: "Thy Kingdom, o Christ, is a Kingdom of all ages, and Thy dominion is from genera- tion to generation."

* The analytical discussion of the Arabic word "Qtitala" of the text is interesting to scholars, and we are sorry to have to omit it, We state the fact of the omission that Canon Sell's fairness may not be challenged,-EDITORS,

In a recent and valuablE) work on Constantinople, it is said that in the Mosque of St. Sophia there is an enduring witness to one aspect of the work of our Lord, for beneath the arabesque work in the half dome of the apse may still be seen in the very dim outline, by those who specially search for it, a figure of majestic size, crowned with a halo of glory and with arms uplifted as if to bless. It is the figure of our Lord Jesus Christ worked in mosaic. The outline of the figure is hidden from the superficial gaze of the Moslem worshipers by the gold which overlays it; but there it is, as permanent as it was long before the worship of Islam was carried on beneath it. It is a witness to the devout faith and love of the early Christian builders, to the permanence of the glory of Christ, and of the blessing He lives to bestow; it is a silent prophecy, unheeded by the Moslem worshipers, that, as of yore, so yet again the eternal Christ shall look upon His own people gathered together there, when the walls of that ancient cathedral shall once more resound with the stirring anthem of Christian praise, and be hallowed with the devout accents of Christian prayer.

So may there be given to the Christian Church, to all concerned with the direction of mission affairs, and to us here to-day-may there be given, as a great gift from God, the robust and earnest faith of those early and unknown Christian men who wrote on the wall of thc great cathedral at Damascus, now for so many centuries a Moslem mosque, these words of hope and of power: "Thy Kingdom, 0 Christ, is a Kingdom of all ages. Thy dominion is from generation to generation."

DOWNFALL OF THE t'LONG JU-JU"

BY REV. JA~IES JOHNSTON, A.T.S., DARWEN, ENGLAND The greatest hindrance to the progress of Old Calabar missions in the up-country, West Africa, has been the existence of slavery, interwoven with the social fabric and life of several tribes in Southern Nigeria. Chief of these have been the Aros, one of the Inokun group of tribes, occupying the country west of the Cross River, above Ikorofiong. At various points on the river slave-markets were held, and thither were brought hundreds of slaves captured by the AroB, who were known to be cannibals as well, aided by the immense and notorious "Ju~Ju," to which human sacrifices were offered. Their country,' in the center heing Aro-chuku, thirty miles west of the Cross River, and northwest of Ikorofiong, was unknown to exploration.

For centuries the Aros have held absolute sway from the Niger Delta almost up to the Benue River, and have resisted any British advance, under the Niger Coast Protectorate, attempting to lessen crime and atrocious horrors existing in the protectorate. Frequent refusals by this tribe culminating in the demand for the departure' of

DOWNFALL OF THE "LONG JU-JU"

Mr. James, a traveling commissioner from Aro territory, led the gov- ernment to insist upon its recognition, and the endeavor to abolish slavery and the overthrow of the" Long Ju-Ju" ordeal in November last by means of a British expedition.

In consequence of this, the Scottish Old Calabar missionaries were summoned to Duke Town from the interior, lest they might be raided and carried off as hostages. With remarkable skill and energy, in face of tremendous odds, the various British columns advanced inland under Oolonel Montanaro, who entered Aro-chuku on December 23d. The town was burned, and, by December 31st, the" Long Ju-Ju" had been destroyed, and a death-blow struck at slavery, superstition, and sacrificing, with which it was closely associated.

Out in West Africa, fetishism or Ju-Juism, with its corollary of human sacrifice, trial by ordeal, the" Long Ju-Ju," is interwoven with native life and character in West Africa, and on the basis of fetishism the condition of West African life is dependent for both good and evil. The West African recognizes a large body of ruling deities and disembodied spirits, described vaguely under the term ju-ju, or fetish. When accused of any actual or supposed crime, he has the right of appeal to the "trial of ordeal," which takes various forms, and on which life or death hangs.

Beyond the minor forms of ordeal there was one, throughout all the regions of Benin, Southern Nigeria, the Kameruns, Lagos, etc., known as the Superior Court of Appeal, for the native who might have failed in his ordeal, and this was the appeal to the terrible "Long Ju-Ju."

This" Long J u-J u," which alone formed this court of appeal, was believed to be situated in the heart of the unexplored Aros country on the Oross River, Southern Nigeria, inhabited by fierce, warlike, and well-armed tribes, preeminent for their ferocity, cannibalism, and human sacrifices, as for their trading cupidity and hostility to foreign entry into their land. From what is now learned seldom did a native appellant ever come back to his friends after being conducted to the Aro country to interview" Long J u-Ju;" even their attendants were blindfolded, and hence the nature of the" Long Ju-Ju" has long been wrapped in obscurity. It is supposed to have been a fetish figure, inhabited by some terrible ju-ju, the "boss" ju-ju of all the lesser ju-jus, and served by a particular priest or priesthood.

A pathetic account has just been given to the world concerning some eight hundred natives from the territories about the Niger, who were charged with various crimes and who resolved to consult the "Long Ju-ju." For three months they were dragged through the country and finally settled in a village, whence batches of them were taken, ostensibly to consult" Long J u-ju." Never did the majority of these poor souls return, and no doubt is entertained that the victims

were used for human sacrifices by the Aros themselves, or sold to outlying tribes for that purpose, or as slaves. A miserable residue of one hundred and thirty-six of the most wretched and emaciated creatures imaginable made their escape and were helped to their own country by the British.

Oleverly have the Aros combined fetish and trade interests, and decoying victims into their coils with a view to appealing to "Long Ju-ju," have slaughtered or sold them to the other tribes. And so to keep up the reputation of "Long Ju-ju," the Aros have exercised a reign of terror throughout the surrounding countries, with the avowed object of obtaining victims to appease the insatiable requirements of their revolting fetish, to which they acted as the high priests.

Happily the "bleeding sore of Africa" has been stopped in the Aro district, and the diabolic practise of this savage tribe ended. No longer will the slave-market flaunt itself in sight of the British flag, or the fear of the" Long Ju-Ju " strike terror in the land. Already the coin of the British realm is in circulation in the Aro country instead of slave currency, previously employed.

In addition to the downfall of the three great fetish kingdoms of Benin, Dahomey, and Ashanti, that of the filthy and abominable" Long Ju-Ju," cruelly practised by the Aros on the crct1nlity of West Africans, brings to an end a grave scandal on British territory, and likewis'e inspires the hope that the whole system of trial by ordeal throughout 'Vest Africa will receive a severe and much to be desired, irrecoverable blow, the prelude of peaceful labors and the cause of humanity by the missionaries of the cross.

THE INTERNATIONAL MISSIONARY UNION NINETEENTH ANNUAL. SESSION One hundred and forty-eight missionaries of many societies and denominations, from most mission fields, and who have been engaged ·in every phase of missionary work, speaking scores of langnages, made an imposing body as they assembled in three daily sessions, July 4-10, in the Tabernacle of the Clifton Springs Sanitarium. They enjoyed rare fellowship, "eceived great spiritual reimigoratioll, and learned from the experiences of each other. Those from Ohina touched those from Africa, and those from Japan and Korea, those from South America and Mexico; those from Persia and Turkey grasped hands of others from Siam and the South Seas. Methodists, Presbyterians, Baptists, members of the Ohurch of England, and of the Ohurch of Scotland, and American Episcopalians-all evangelical sects of North America, of Oanada, and of Great Britain-mingled in sweet obliviousness of pickets and peculiar tenets-" one family," and all, whether sick or well, were guests of the Olifton Springs Sanitarium,

THE INTERNATIONAL MISSIONARY UNION

with Mrs. Dr. Foster, superintendent, as chief hostess, having inherited the privilege from her husband, the late Dr. Henry Foster, founder of this great institution, designed for the physical renewal of worn and weary missionaries.

This International Missionary Union is the only gathering of mis, sionaries of all societies and all countries, held regularly, in the world. Each year about one-third or the number in attendance come for the first time; less than a third of them have been present at many sessions. This gives freshness and force, and insures up-to-date information and current topics.

The political topics related to mISSIOns this year were imminent ones. The Unron condemned the renewal of the Treaty of the United States with Ohina relating to Ohinese exclusion, and memorialized the Secretary of the Treasury to modify the administration of this treaty, so as to do away with the oppression and injustice too often current, in the cases of Ohinese students coming to receive education, alfd of Ohinese preachers coming for preaching to their own countrymen in America. Both these classes are entitled to come in under the treaty, but it is alleged that horrible treatment is frequently accorded them on arrival.

The Union expressed its gratification at the independence accorded to Cuba, and at the return of peace in South Africa, with the hope that British domination will contribute to the extension of liberty and the Gospel, from the Oape to the month of the Nile. It also rejoiced that the Uuited States had adopted legislation against the introduction of arms of precision and intoxicants into independent Pacific islands; A spirited discussion of an hour and more was introduced by an address on "The Relation of Islam to the Christian Church," by Rev. Oanon Edward SeIl, D.D., Fellow of the University of Madras, Secretary of the Church of England Missionary Society. The author of this paper is widely known among scholars by his "Faith of Islam" and other works on Mohammedanism. He took part by several other addresses, during the week, on other topics.

One of the subjects considered ill three-minute speeches was the relation of the missionary on the field to the secular and religious journals of their home lands. It was recognized that the daily press was increasingly seeking intelligence at first hand from missionaries on the field, and that the religious press also wjshed contributions direct, not as filtered through missionary offices, and that this increased the opportunity for missionaries· to influence public sentiment and stir up home churches. Dr. J. L. Gulick, presiding, said the journals were of three types, those antagonistic to missions, those indifferent to them, and those sympathetic with them. Drs. Dobbins and Bliss pointed out the kind and form of correspondence the press would use; Dr. J. P. Jones, of Madura, supposed two-thirds of mission-

ary contributions 'to the home papers, religious or secular, went to the waste-paper basket. Some missionaries thought the motives of the home editors were purely secular, and that they only cared for news that paid as advertising; and others said the missionaries were too hard worked making news to find time to report it, and would have nothing to do with the home press.

The circumstances which led missionaries to decide that they were called to foreign fields were narrated in one session. The develop- ment of native Ohristian industries in India, Ohina, Japan, Africa, Mexico, and elsewhere, made an encouraging exhibit. Ootton mills, carpentry, furniture factories, lace manufacture, farms, shops, were spoken of as operated now where these things had been deemed impossible.

The consideration of reforms, moral and social, in many countries, was equally inspiriting and informing. The temperance reforms, the progress of anti-foot-binding, and the like, were peculiarly encouraging.

The new departure, however, which marked this annual meeting was the beginning of special classes, for the newly appointed mission- aries present, an hour daily. 'l'hey met apart from the general body, and specialists among the missionaries were selected to talk with them over points that might help them during their first year on the field and their journey to it. This was so satisfactory that a committee was appointed to prepare a more systematic program for persons of this class who may attend the Union from time to time. These new recruits were included in the generous entertainment extended by the sanitarium.

The geographical sectional meetings, where missionaries from Ohina, India, or other countries made platform addresses, were of an unusually high order. The ladies' meeting sustained the tone for which it has become noted.

The next meeting will be the twentieth annual session of the Union, and it is proposed to add some special historic features to the program. The list of those present at this year's gathering is ap- pended.* In the Philippines Dr. Dobbins, speaking of the openings and encouragement for work in the Philippines, made the following statements: American Ohristians very early realized the situation of the Filipino Islanders, and soon set about evangelizing them. Some of the denominations began their work almost immediately on permis- sion being granted by the War Department, and settled at Manila.

The Episcopalians are now preparing to' send out Bishop Brent, who was recently set apart in Boston for this work, and who is to be • The Union issues a pamphlet annually. containing a quite full summary of the pro ceedings of the meetings, called" The International Missionarv Index," which can be had for 10 cents, postpaid to any part of the world, by addressing the sooretary, Mrs. C. C. Thayer, Clifton Springs, N. Y.

THE INTERNATIONAL MISSIONARY UNION co'/'

accompanied by six associate missionaries. This society is raising some hundreds of thousands of dollars for this purpose.

The Oatholics are to build a very costly structure in Manila, and are anticipating preparing for their work in the Philippines seven hundred native priests.

The Baptists sent the Rev. Eric Lund, who had been twenty years a missionary in Spain, and who has been working in the Philippines. He took with him a native of the Philippine Islands, who had been converted in Spain, and they found Manila already occupied by mis- sionaries of other denominations. 'l'hey went on to Ililo, where they found the Presbyterians under Dr. Hall doing a splendid medical missionary work. They pressed on to Jaro, where they found no missions of any denomination whatever. The eagerness of the people to hear these two men in the Spanish and Visayan led them to so overcrowd the meeting-house that it was fairly destroyed, and another and larger one has had to be built. These missionaries have been joined by the Rev. O. W. Briggs, a graduate of Hamilton Seminary, Hamilton, N. Y., and later by the Rev. S. S. Huse and the Rev. G. A. Finlay. These will be reenforced this autumn by Dr. Largo.

Dr. Briggs sent to the Baptist anniversary, held in St. Paul, Minn., recently, the most cheering report ever received by that missionary body concerning the first years of work in any country. Almost invariably the missionaries have required more time to secure tangible results. Here, churches began to be gathered at once, and the first report shows that within the first year some two hundred have been baptised on confession of faith, and nearly two thousand more are anxious for baptism, and nearly eight thousand (7,934) signed an earnest petition to send them more religious teachers. Among the Philippine converts is a Ohristian by the name of Piementel, whose sufferings for the name of Ohrist have been likened to those of St. Paul. Once he was left for dead by his persecutors, and his head and face most fearfully battered. He would undoubtedly have died had it not been for the kind service of an American soldiersurgeon. Mrs. Briggs says that there exists among the Filipinos a legend like that which obtained among the Karens of Burma, "that the Supreme Being would some day send them religious teachers," and it is owing to this tradition that Lund and Manikan and associates were able to get ready access to the Filipinos.

Missionaries in Attendance at the Nineteenth Annual Meeting NAME. FIELD~ NAME. FIELD.

Anderson, Rev. Fred………….. India. Benjamin, Lena A., M.D …. , …… India.

Anderson, Jehn A., M.D……….. China. Bigelow, Miss Agnes M .. ……….Africa.

Baldwin, Rev. S. L……………. " Bliss, Rev. Edwin M ……………Turkey.

Baldwin, Rev. C. C……………. " Bliss, Mrs. Edwin lIl:. ………….. lI1icronesia.

Baldwin, Olivia A., M.D ……….. India. Boggs, Rev. JohnJ……………. China.

Bare, Rev. C. L……………….. " Bonafield, lI1iss Julia A.. ……. .. . "

Beehan, Miss Emily.. . …. ….. … " llond, Mrs. G. A ………………. Malaysia.

NAME. FIELD. NAME. FIELD.

Bostwick, H. J ………………… China. Mansell, Rev. Henry…………..India.

Boughton, Miss Emma……….. . lIfansell, Mrs. Henry, M.D …….. .

Bruce, Rev. J. n ……………… . Martin, Rev. W. A. P ………….. China.

Budden, Miss Annie…………… India. Mason, Rev. 'Valter C………….India.

Burdick, Miss Susie 1L. ……….. China. Mason, lIIiss Stella H ………….. Assam.

Carleton, Mrs. M. 111 ………….. India. McAllister, Miss Agnes ………… Africa.

Uarrithers, Rev. 'V. vV………. … H McCandliss, H.lII., lI1.D ……….. China.

Chapman, Miss Ella L…………. Burma. McOandliss, Mrs. H. 111. ………. .

Church, Miss Ella R. ………….. Japan. McConaughy. David…………… India.

Clarke, Rev. 'V. P …………….. Bulgaria. ilcCully, lIiiss Anna …………… Japan.

Clarke, lIfrs. W. P ……………. . McGuire, Rev. John …………..Burma.

Cole, Rev. J. Thompson……….. Japan. McGuire, Mrs. John ………….. .

Cole, lliSR Harriet, L …………. .Bulgaria. McLean, Miss Jennie F ……….. .Persia.

Craft, Miss Julia G……………. Burma. McMahon, 1I1rs. J. T …………… India.

Crane, Rev. H. A………………India. Mechlin, Mrs. J. C…………….. Persia.

Crane, Mrs. H. A.. .. . . . . . .. … .. .. " Merritt. C. W. P., M.D …………China.

Cushing. Rev.·C. W ……………Italy. Merritt, Mrs. C. W. P …………. .

Dale, lIIiss Annie G ……………. Persia. Newton, Rev. F. J ……………..India.

Darmstadt, Katherine 0 ……….. India. Newton, lIfrs. F. J ……………. .

Day, Miss Mary 111…………….. " Nichols, Rev. C. A…………….. Burma.

Dobbins, Rev. Frank S………… Japan. Nichols, lIlrs. C. A …………… ..

Dowsley, Mrs. A.. . … . . . . . . … .. { CInhdiinaa.. Partridge, Rev. S. B …………… China.

Partridge, Mrs. S. B …………. .

Ehrgott, Rev. Albert…………..Burma. Perrine, Rev. S. A…………….. Assam. Ehrgott, lIfrs. Albert. ………… . Ewing, Rev. Archibald …………China. Perrine, Mrs. S. A ……………. . Ewing, Mrs. Archibald ……….. . Ewing, lIIrs. George H ………. :. " Phinney, Miss Harriet…………. Burma. Ferguson, Rev. 'V. L ………….. India. Ferguson, Mrs. 'V. L………….. II Pieters, Rev. Alexander A …….. Phil. I. Fisher, Rev. A. J ……………… China Foote, lIIrs. Frank …………….. India. Post,:Rev. R. 'V ………………. Siam. Ford, lIirs. O. 111., M.D . . . . . . . . . . . . . Af,·ica. Forman, Rev. J. N……… , ……India. Priest, Miss Mary A ……………Japan. Gallimore, l1iss Anna ………… . Gamewell, Rev. F. D .. , ………..China. Ransom, Rev. Charles N ………. Africa. Gamewell. Mrs. F. D…………. . Goudard, Rev. Josiah R ………. . Ransom, lIfrs. Charles N ……… . Goddard, lIIrs. Josiah R ………. . Gracey, Rev. J. T …………….. Inuia. Roberts, Mrs. W. H ……………Burma. Gracey, Mrs. J. T…………….. . Graf. lIIiss Johanna L …………. Turkey. Rohrer, Miss Daisy C………….. Korea. Griffith, Rev. C.M…………….. Ohili. Griffith, Mrs. O. 111. ………….. .. Rolman, lIIiss Eva …………….. Japan. Gulick, Rev. Thomas L …………Spain. Hall, MissMabeIF……………. China. Schnatz, Rev. II. E ……………. Africa. Hallam, Rev. E. C. B…………. . Hallam, Mrs. E. C. B ………… .. Schwartz, Rev. H. W., M.D ……..Japan. Harris, Mrs. Edward N………… Burma. Hoge. lIIiss Elizabeth ………….. Inuia. Schwartz, 1I1rs. H. 'V…………. . Holmes, lIfrs. Thomas D……….. China. Humphrey, Rev. J. L., M D……. Indi'a. Scott, Emma, lII.D…………….. India. Humphrey, lIIrs. J. L …………. . Hunt, Mrs. Jennie……………..Africa. Searle, Miss Susan A …………..Japan. Jewett, Miss lIIary…………….. Persia. Jones, Rev. John P …………….India. Sell, Rev. Canon E ……………. India. Jones, lIirs. John P …………… . Kay, Miss Lydia ……………… China. Sell, Miss Nellie…………….. .. Kearns, Rev. Carl E …………… Korea. Keen, Rev. Charles S…………. . Sharp, ~lrs. Alex ……………… Colombia Kingsbury, Rev. F. L., M.D ……. Bulgaria. Kingsbury, Mrs. F. L………… .. Sprague, Rev. W. P …………… China Kuss, lIfrs. B. …………………. Russia. Lane. Horace M., M.D………… . Sprague, ~Irs. W. P.. .. …. . . . .. … " Longden, Mrs. W. C…… " ………. Cbina. Stebbins, lIfrs. Abbie M………… India.

St. John. Rev. Burton ………….China.

Stone, Rev. George I. ………….India.

Stone, Rf'v. J. S………………. "

Stone, Mrs. J. S …………….. ..

Taft, Rev. 111. L ……………….. China.

Thayer, C. C., M.D ……………. Turkey.

Thayer, 1I1rs. C. C ……………. .

Thompson, l1iss Mary …………. China.

Todd, Paul J., lILD ……………. Korea.

Warburton, Stacy R. …………. .

Ward, Rev. S. L ………………. Persia.

Ward, Mrs. S. L.. . . .. . . . . . . . … .. .. ,.

Waugh, Rev. J. W…………….. India.

'Vheeler, Mrs. Susan A …………Turkey Wheeler, Miss Emily C……….. .

'Vhite, Mrs. Wellington ……….. China.

Whiting, Mrs. J. L . . .. . . . . . .. . . . .. "

Wilson, Rev. Wilbur F. .. . . . . . . . .. "- Witter, Rev. W. E., M.D……….. Assam Wright, Miss Laura S …………. IndIa.

WILLIAM

BISHOP WILLIAM TAYLOR, WORLD EVANGELIST

BISHOP WILLIAM TAYLOR, WORLD EVANGELIST* At Palo Alto, California, on the morning of May 19th, having just passed his eighty-first birthday, Bishop "Villiam Taylor, called" The Flaming Torch " by the poetic children of Nature in Africa, ceased to give forth light on earth. But, as Longfellow well says: When a great man dies, for years beyond our ken The light he leaves behind him lies upon the paths of men.

William Taylor was one of the most robust and striking characters of the century, to be classed with Charles Spurgeon, Henry Ward Beecher, George Muller, Dwight L. Moody, and Phillips Brooks-the only Methodist among the six. As a world-wide evangelist he has no equal since St. Paul. A poetic friend in California likens him also to Abraham in faith, to Enoch in his close walk with God, to Daniel in integrity, and to David in his loving heart, adding, "In his holy consecration he is peer among them all."

He was born of Scotch-Irish stock, May 2,1821, in Rockbridge County, Virginia-the oldest of eleven children. Converted in early childhood, he promptly joined the Church; but it was only after many wanderings that he was finally restored to his standing in the family of God, at a camp-meeting, about 10 P.M., August 25, 1841. He immediately took to preaching, and the next year went on his first circuit under the presiding elder. In April, 1843, he was received on trial in the Baltimore Conference, and for the next six years, in the hills of Virginia and Maryland, and in the city of Baltimore, he gave full. proof of that ministry which exhibited already much of that extraordinary power over men which attended it all his days. Revivals followed him from the first.

His call to California, in September, 1848, proved to be, in the most emphatic sense, from God. His answer, in this as in every otheJ;' similar case of his life, was prompt and decisive: "Lord, here am 1."

He landed in San Francisco, after a voyage from Baltimore of one hundred and fifty-five days, September, 1849. Here for seven years, till October, 1856, he carried on street preaching amid the lawless, godless crowd that then thronged that country, serving also in a pastorate of two years at the First Methodist Episcopal Church and five years in the seaman's work of the port.

He embarked, in October, 1856, with wife and three children (two had been buried in California, and a third soon after died), for Panama and New York, where he safely arrived. The next five years saw him busily engaged in evangelistic labors, first in the Eastern States, then in the Western, and subsequently in Canada.

His first book, "Seven Years' Street Preaching," was put on the press at the Methodist Book Concern as soon as he reached New York in 1856. He soon after issued "California Life Illustrated," which had a circulation of thirty-five thousand copies; then came a smaller volume, entitled, "Address to Young America and a Word to the Old Folks," of which twenty-five thousand were sold. A fourth book, "The Model Preacher," speedily followed, and thirty thousand copies were called for. In subsequent years, while on his long voyages, he wrote "Reconcili<- tion, or How to be Saved," "Infancy and Manhood of the Christian • Condensed from Zion's Herald.

Life," "Baptism" (" written on top of the cook's galley above the sweep of the seas that threatened to engulf our ship," sailing from Rio to New York), "The Election of Grace" (twenty thousand copies sold), "Christian Adventures in South Africa," "Four Years' Campaign in India," "Ten Years of Self-Supporting Missions in India," "Our South American Cousins," aiId others, closing with "The Story of My Life" and " The Flaming Torch in Darkest Afriea." What the total circulation of these books has been it would perhaps be impossible to say, but evidently it would mount up into the hundreds of thousands. He personally sold over $200,000 worth of them~ He gave people to understand that he would receive no money in the shape of presents, that his evangelistic labors were given gratuitously, and that it was through his books alone that he paid his traveling expenses, supported his family, and liquidated the debts incurred in California.. In later years he not only received but solicited very extensive sums for his African and Indian work.

While laboring in Canada, in February, 1862, he was the guest of a physician, Dr. James Brown, who had spent some years in Australia, and who urged upon him the religious needs of that new country. After waiting upon the Lord about it, he felt called to undertake the mission, and in May he took passage for Liverpool. He did not reach Australia till the summer of 1863, having spent the intervening time mostly in England and Ireland doing evangelistic work, and partly in Palestine surveying the" Lord's Land." His work in Australia covered a continuous period of nearly three years-from 1863 to IS66; then after an absence of three years he put in fourteen months more of labor in the same field. Some indication of the success achieved is found in the fact that during the first three years there was a net increase of over eleven thousand in the membership of the Australasian Conference, and by the close of the second period ten thousand more had been added. On the second visit he found no less than sixteen young ministers who had been brought to God during his former campaign.

While he was in Victoria he made the acquaintance of Rev. James Smith, a Baptist missionary from Delhi, who first interested him in India and made him to know the possibility of reaching thousands there with the English language, and the great work waiting to be done for and through the Eurasians; He purposed to visit that country on his way home, but his family joined him at Sydney, and the eldest son was taken down with a fever. The only possibility of recovering, the doctors said, lay in proceeding to South Africa. This accordingly was the next providential move.

The ship which carried them anchored in Table Bay, March 30, 1866, and they sailed away from the same port for London the last of October in the same year. The intervening seven months were crowded with most fruitful labors, extending through Cape Colony, Kaffraria, and Natal, covering a coast-line of a thousand miles. Surveying the matter in his latest book, after thirty-one years, the evangelist says: "Truly those were marvelous times, days of Pent,ecostal power when the Spirit of God was poured out upon the people and shook the centers of heathenism. Its manifestations began soon after my arrival, and one thousand two hundred souls were converted among the English-speaking colonists. This was followed by a seven months' campaign among the natives of Natal and Kaffraria, and the missionaries enrolled over seven thousand converts from heathenism."

Reaching London in the latter part of December, 1866, he entered into evangelistic work in the leading Wesleyan chapels of that city, and afterward in other parts of England and Ireland.

His next field of labor was in the West Indies, including Barbados, British Guiana, and many of the islands, closing with Jamaica. The net increase of members in the Wesleyan churches of that region during the year of his labors was more than five thousand. On the conclusion of his second visit to Australia, which soon followed, he took ship in 1870 from Melbourne for Ceylon. Here, in a campaign of three months, a thousand converts were added to the churches. He landed in Bombay, November 20, 1870, and sailed from the same port for London in March, 1875. His grand work in India began in Bombay, November, 1871, when, at the " call of the missionaries there, he began a series of services in their chapel. Some seventy or eighty persons professed conversion in a few weeks. There seemed no place for them in any of the existing churches, and after long reflection he determined to organize a Methodist church. It began December 30th with a class of twenty-eight, of which Rev. George Bowen, who heartily assisted the new movement, was made leader. By the 14th of February seven classes had been formed, and the converts, to the number of nearly one hundred, petitioned for a full church organization. God set His seal upon the matter by making mar- velous openings in Poona, Calcutta, Madras, Bangalore, and other cen- ters, and by raising up la,borers as well as supporters among the Eura- sians and domiciled Europeans whose spiritual wants had hitherto been greatly neglected. By the spring of 1875, when Mr. Taylor felt it in the order of God that he should repair to London to aid Mr. Moody, self- supporting churches had been established in seven principal centers, with some one thousand two hundred members and probationers, ten min- isters had come out from America as helpers.

South America was the next field to which this untiring preacher felt called. He sailed from New York to Callao, October 16,1877, estab- lished English self-supporting schools at the chief ports on the West Coast, as well as a few on the East, getting pledges from the merchants for funds enough to make a start, and sending out teachers from the United States. The idea was to make these schools centers of evangel- istic as well as educational influence, starting a work which, by the blessing of God, should grow to large proportions for the regeneration of these priest-ridden lands. The results have not met the sanguine expectations of the projector either here or in other parts of the world, but no one can withhold a cordial tribute to the great heart that planned so largely, and the severe toil with which the plans were for a season vigorously pushed.

Mr. Taylor was back in New York May 3,1878, having traveled in the six months about eleven thousand miles, and opened up twelve centers of educational and evangelistic work. He was again in South America in 1890 and 1892, arranging and superintending.

The story of his nomination, election, and ordination as Missionary Bishop of Africa, in 1884, all within less than twenty-four hours, to his own amazement and that of the body which did the deed, is one of thrill- ing interest, and by no means the least in the many notes of providen- tial guidance which have so plainly marked the pathway of this man· of God.

Bishop Taylor's policy for Africa was a peculiar one, strongly differ-

ing from that followed by other missions, and involving a very great . amount of self-sacrifice on the part of those going out. The essential part of it Was self-support by means of such industries as might be found available, and the gathering of large numbers of children of heathen parents in every station to be adopted and trained for Jesus. On his retirement by the General Conference of 1896, and the taking over by the Missionary Society of the work which he inaugurated and carried on for twelve years with Herculean exertions, it was found by his fJUccessor, Bishop Hartzell. that abotlt $400,000 had been expended; that two hun- dred and fifty-two missionaries had been sent out, of which number forty- two were at that time in the field; that the stations, with few exceptions, had had to be abandoned; and that the total number of church members and probationers which could be reported was eighty-seven.

On being released, in' May, 1896, from episcopal responsibilities, Bishop Taylor, altho in somewhat feeble health, determined to make a final visit to the scene of his labors in South Africa thirty years before. Pretoria, Johannesburg, Queenstown, and many other places were briefly touched, and a number of mission stations were graciously visited with seasons of salvation and spiritual upbuilding. He says: "My last ser- mon in Africa was preached in a wild mountain region, and at its close seventy-eight seekers went down on their faces, and nearly forty of them professed to receive Jesus and his great salvation." Thus closed an unbroken itinerant ministry of fifty-five glorious years. Vhere will we find its equal?

That Bishop Taylor was uniformly wise in all his utterances or all his methods, will hardly be claimed by any. That he succeeded, as he seems confidently to have expected to do, in revolutionizing the accepted missionary policy of the ages, anc:1establishing a ., short cut" to extraor-. dinary success in brief periods by novel plans, is manifestly not true.

This title to greatness he failed to make good. The old ways remain still the only ways. But certainly no man of modern days approached him in the cosmopolitan and ecumenical nature of his Gospel under- takings, and probably no one excelled him in the number of the penitents that professed to find Christ through his ministrations. He had a most impressive personality and a decidedly original mind. His voice was powerful, resonant, and pathetic. He had a wonderful directness of sPElech. His thoughts were his own; he called no man master in theology any more than in practical work, and he knew how to clothe his ideas in clear-cut Anglo-Saxon that made itself felt everywhere. He had a large, strong frame and great constitutional endurance, without which his enormous labors would have been absolutely impossible. He could not keep still, nor tarry long in a place. What has been called the locomo- tive habit took full possession of him. To inaugurate work few, if any, were better adapted. But he would have been in no sense fitted for a settled pastorate. Born to command, he had a most positive nature, not readily accepting human control, but always instantly submissive to what he deemed the Divine leadings.

"Mr. Taylor, what is your address now?" said a gentleman to him as he was leaving London for Australia. The characteristic reply was: "I am sojourning on the globe at present, but don't know how soon I shall be leaving." He might have truthfully added that the tlme of leaving this globe parish concerned him not a whit. If ever fl, man was wholly given up to God and ready at any moment to render his account

THE WALDENSIAN CHURCH

with joy, it would seem to ha.ve been ",Villiam Taylor. In the final word which ends the account of his ministerial labors, he says: "I expect to be admitted from the kingdom of grace to the kingdom of glory on the same conditions as the crudfied thief, and in God's good time."

THE WALDENSIAN CHURCH * BY JOSEPH G. ALEXANDER The community known as the Waldensian or Vaudois Church is beyond question the oldest Protestant church in existence. It datesfrom Peter'Valdo, or Valdo, a rich merchant of Lyons, in the latter half of the twelfth century. Under the impression produced by the sudden death of one of his friends, and after consulting a Canon of the Church, who quoted to hi.m the Savior's words, "If thou wouldest be perfect, go, sell that thou hast, and give to the poor," Valdb took a vow of poverty. He had, however, no thought of separating from the Church of Rome either on this occasiop or when, subsequently, he spent some of his money in having the Bible translated from the Latin Vulgate into the common tongue. Little by little the contrast between the worldliness and greed of the Church, as it then was, and the precepts of the Master became only too manifest.

Waldo's conversion was in 1173; six years later two of the disciples, whom he had gathered round him, went to Rome in order to appeal to Pope Alexander III. from the Archbishop of Lyons, who had forbidden them to preach the Gospel. The third Lateran Council was then in progress, and among its members was a Welsh ecclesiastic named Walker Map, who has left on record how he exposed these rustics to the laughter of the Council, by means of a sort of medireval pons asinorum, with the result that their appeal was contemptuously dismissed: But the Poor of Lyons, as they were called, felt that they must obey God rather than men; they continued to preach, were excommunicated by the archbishop, and, escaping from Lyons, "went everywhere preaching the Word." How some of them, or of their immediate followers, came to settle in the Vaudois valleys is a point that history, as distinguished from legend, has not yet cleared up.

These valleys presented two great advantages: they are partly in France and partly in Piedmont; they are united by numerous passes, difficult of access to others than the hardy mountaineers who inhabit them. Sheltered in this way, notwithstanding numerous edicts of persecution, the Vaudois valleys became the headquarters of a movement which had its ramifications in distant Calabria and Picardy and Bohemia. How their traveling preachers traveled from land to land in the guise of hawkers, visiting peasant's hut and lordly manor, and everywhere carrying the precious seed of the Gospel, has been told by Whittier in his poem, "The Vaudois Teacher," based upon the testimony of a Papal inquisitor. Another writer tells that, among the Vaudcis, both men and women could, with rare exception, repeat large portions of the New Testament by heart.

* Condensed from The Christian (London).

How this propaganda aroused the Papltl court to a fury can easily be understood. Again and again were expeditions set on foot, now on the French, now on the Italian side of the Alps, and the Vaudois history is full of harrowing tales of massacre and outrage: But these humble communities survived until the Reformation, when they gladly united with the Swiss and French reformers, and thenceforth enjoyed the moral and material support of their Protestant brethren in other lands. Oliver Cromwell interfered to save them, as is well known; and his secretary, Milton, wrote on their behalf the noble sonnet, "On the Late Massacre in Piedmont."

Their narrowest and most wonderful escape from extermination was in 1686, when Louis XIV. of France, having, as he supposed, rooted out Protestantism from his own territories, brought such pressure to bear on the Duke of Savoy that the latter reluctantly ordered his troops, together with those of France, to destroy his faithful subjects. This object was apparently accomplished, less by force than by fraud; thousands were thrown into prison, and hundreds slain, and the army was withdrawn. But the few scattered refugees left among the mountains and forests gathered together, and made themselves so terrible to the surrounding Catholic populations that the duke granted to them and to their brethren confined in the prisons of Piedmont permission to retire peacefully into Switzerland.

Three years later, in 1689, they' made their ,. glorious return," marching across the snow-clad and precipitons mountains, beating down all opposition, and establishing themselves in the almost impregnable natural fortress of Balsiglia for the winter. In the course of the following spring Louis XIV. quarreled with the Duke of Havoy, who was only too glad to obtain the help of his Vaudois subjects. He was sheltered for a time among them, and in return he accorded them a certain amount of tolerance. At length, in 1848, the disabilities which had attached to them ever since the days of persecution, except during the brief interval of the French Revolution, were swept away by Charles Albert, King of Sardinia, the founder of modern Italian liberties.

At the present time the Vaudois Church numbers about twenty thousand members, of whom somewhat more than half reside in the ancestral valleys, while the remainder are scattered over the Italian peninsula, and include many converts won from Romanism. They have established colonies in the Argentine Republic and Uruguay, where their missionary activity has led to the conversion of many of the Spanishspeaking population.

The Vaudois keep to the French language for their religious services; this practise goes back to a visitation of plague in the seventeenth century, when all the Italian pastors died, and it was needful to send for pastors from Switzerland who only knew French. They learn Italian alongside of French, and are thus a bilingual people-a fact which brings them many advantages.

As regards their religious life, the past century has seen a remarkable change. The venerable Professor Tron, now eighty years of age, told us that when he was a boy they had not one pastor who preached the simple Gospel of salvation through Christ. so terribly had the canker of Rationalism eaten into their Church life. Now there is not one pastor who does not preach it. But the' flocks are not yet on a level with their leaders. Some of the pastors find it hard to make any deep impression

THE EFFORT TO REFORM ISLAM

on their people, who, tho proud of and attached to their fathers' religion, are many of them strangers to thei,r fathers' God, and content with a merely traditional faith. Still, there are not a few bright Christians among them.

Many earnest prayers are going up for a fresh revival among them, which shall fit them more fully for the great work that is evidently reserved for this ancient evangelical Church, placed on the confines of two great Roman Catholic nations, and possessing the languages of both.

THE EFFORT TO REFORM ISLAM CAN THE OLD WINE-SKINS STAND THE PRESSURE?* BY MOHAMMED SARFARAZ KHAN, NAINITAL, INDIA' One of the Speakers at the Moslem Religious Congress With the growth of European civilization and the cultivation of English manners among our educated classes, the question of our religious requirements and how best they can be met is becoming more and more prominent day by day, and it is worth while discussing the question, especially as we have fortunately among us a few eminent persons who are fully alive to the growing needs of ~he modern civiliza- tion and have also keen sympathy for the spiritual welfare of their com- munity. . . .

My hypothesis is that the practise of sending our young men to European countries for education and training will grow wider and stronger day by day, that the benign influence of the Aligarh movement will be felt more and more every day, and that the hopes of the founder of the Aligarh college and its promoters will be realized in no distant future. The majority of the well-to-do Mussulmans will be seen possessed of the European civilization and manners, our ways, our dress, and even our food will be changed, and last tho not least our thoughts will also be completely changed. You can not certainly check the growth of civilization, even if it should seem to parade against your fixed notions of religion. Given that, it is our earnest desire to tread the path of progress faithfully and fearlessly; and to be on a par with the sister communities in the country in the matter of worldly prosperity, etc., it remains for us to see that only so much of the real religion (and that much alone can be real) is retained and actually practised by us as would glorify us in every way. The rudimentary principles of Islam, such as to believe in the unity of God, to acquiesce faithfully in the teachings of the prophet, to admit the necessity for prayer, fastings, etc., and conforming to them practically, must be held sacred and adhered to till the· last. The changes to be introduced will then be of the following nature. These changes, or at least some of them, tho not formally sanctioned by the spiritual authorities, have virtually been imperceptibly adopted by many of the enlightened Mussulmans, and are not only the outcome of their practical and honest every-day life, but are also the dictates of their conscience. (Italics ours.) (1) The whole arrangement as regards offering of prayer requires to be readjusted. Should the frequency of prayers remain as it is P Will * Condensed from the Moslem Chronicle, Calcutta.

it always be convenient for us to say our prayers five times, and at the stated hours, during the 'twenty hours? Can it not be sanctioned that we pray less often than now, say only morning and night, prolonging our prayers to make up the deficiency? Can not the rules of ablution be relaxed in many desirable cases? Can not those who can't spare time on Fridays, assemble in congregation on Sundays? Can not the enlightened class have prayer-rooms or mosques furnished in their own style and change the postures in the prayers to suit their convenience? Don't you think that with such allowances as these, more enlightened Mussulmans then will practise religion and will receive spiritual blessings.

(2) Fasts of the Ramazan-Can not the hours be curtailed, light ref;eshments allowed at intervals, and the Tarawis recited, or, still better, lectured to a sitting audience?

(3) Can it not be "ordained that taking part in the Mohammedan Educational Conference, the annual meeting of the Nadwa or the Salana Jalsa of the Anjuman-i-Himayeti Islam, Lahor", goes so much to Hajify a Mussulman? Is it not a Zakat to raise a memorial to a benefactor, and so on?

(4) The license of taking more wives than Qne must be withdrawn. (5) The purdah system must of needs be modified and sanctioned by competent authorities. There are many other sundry little things to be added to this list. As matters stand, the civilized man of to-day does not so much seem to depend on religion for his moral and social culture. 'Ve should try and administer to him only so much of spiritual religion as would quicken his intention, make him behold the glories of the soul, and realize the blessings of spiritual existence, and infuse in him an earnest desire to lead a useful, energetic, optimistic, unselfish life. To effect this, much of the cold dogma must be replaced by the genuine warmth of real spirituality. It seems of utmost importance for the enlightened Mussulmans to have a Board of Religion, preferably located at Aligarh, to consider their religious needs and to introduce desirable changes, consistent always with the real intentions of Islam.

CHRISTIANITY IN DAM ASCUS* BY REV. JOHN KELMAN Christianity strangely haunts Damascus; In the tomb of Saladin there hangs a cross-very reluctantly admitted there with the wreath which the German emperor presented. The great mosque itself was built as a mausoleum for the head of John the Baptist, and the Mohammedans, who revere him, forget that he was the forerunner of Christ. The mosque stands where men have worshiped from time immemorial. From the minaret the most impressive sight is the massive gray fragment of the ancient heathen temple. Then, when Christ conquered the heathen East, a great church arose on the ruins of that early temple. Finally, the church too passed away. The original walls were not entirely demolished, but the building which rose upon them was a great Mohammedan mosque .

… Condensed from the Edinburgh Medical Mission Magazine

CHRISTIANITY IN DAMASCUS

When we had seen the mosque we were taken round to the jeweler's bazaar, on the south side of it. A ladder was produced and set against the mosque wall. Climbing some fifteen or twenty feet, we stood upon a ledge of rather precarious masonry, and after a short scramble along thiE; found an ancient lintel, diagonally half buried, but showing exposed the old inscription: "Thy Kingdom, 0 Christ, is an everlasting Kingdom." A stranger was with us, a devout Christian from another town far south of Damascus. In the whole city nothing moved him so deeply as this stone, and he exclaimed, "It was the Christian's fault, they were so rough, so rude, so ignorant. It was done by the wish of God. But He will have it again."

"He will have it again." The words echoed in our souls, and as we came to know the city better they gathered confirmation. Of the Roman Oatholic and Greek Ohurch monasteries, their schools and churches, we saw little. But very soon we became aware, in Damascus, that the strong influence of Christianity is at work. In many parts of the city Protestant missions are busy. Nothing is more surprising than the sudden change from the street, with its vivid secular and Mohammedan life, to the inner court of some unexpected school, into which open the classrooms, with their eager young faces. To come suddenly upon a class of boys and girls who read from the school-book you studied when you were five yea,rs old, to see the same pictures which gave you the first conceptions of art, to hear these little ones singing in your own tongue, "Lord, a little land and lowly," is one of those experiences in life which are infinitely suggestive. What will the future be? Very slow is the work, and very great is the patience it demands in these quiet, purposeful men and women who are doing it. Yet the future surely is best expressed in that never-to-be-forgotten sentence, "He will have it again!"

Th«;l mission, however, which mostly interested us was the Edinburgh Medical Mission. We had been led about the city through an intricate network of streets and alleys impossible to trace now on the best maps. We seemed to have crossed the Christian quarter, and to be somewhere not very far to the north of the gate of St. Paul's adventure and the reputed house of Naaman the Syrian. Certainly we had crossed the river by a little bridge, and had seen one of the most perfect little water-scenes imaginable. The road was enclosed by high walls, within which suburban villas appear~d to sleep in an exuberant wealth of green. At last we stood opposite a gate, on which were stencilled the letters" E. M. M."

Inside that gate we were immediately at home. They might call this Damascus, to us it was Scotland! The garden, with it roses and its greens, and sunshine through the green trees, and above alrthe kindliness and comfort and welcome indoors, were memorable indeed. I think we saw everything which that hospital contained. There was a kitchen, with its master, who boasts that it is the best kitchen in Damascus, and who smiled without surprise when he added, "and no doubt the best cook." There was the dispensary, with its mysterious rows of bottles, and the large writing-room beside it. There was the well and pump, a triumph of Dr. Mackinnon's many-sided genius. There was the little operating-room, where his surgical skill had had so many triumphs. There were the wards, clean and sweet as any in our own infirmary; and the patients there, from far and near, of many nations and of many creeds, all finding that Christ is the enemy of pain and the healer of disease.

EDITORIALS Roman Catholics in America mas as a condition of salvation, his interfer- ence between God and the socl, and his A recent writer states that, in insolent private tyrannies, is the natural foe 1901, in a population of 75,000,000 in of the Gospel. . . . The intelligent English- the United States, Roman Catholics man of to-day may not share the fierce numbered less than one-sixth, and prejudice of his fathers against the members probably less than one-seventh, a of the Roman communion. But he knows smaller proportion than in the very well that the power of Rome means the British Empire. Their increase is subjugation of national independence, the much behind that of the popula- interference with the family sanctity, the tion in proportion, and seems the denial of individual liberty, and a steady more significant in view of the vast opposition to every form of light. Between numbers of emigrants from Romish the Gospel and Rome there has been an countries. Fatl?er Shinnors, after ancient feud, and the Gospel will carry the visiting America, complains in the day. Irish Ecclesiastical Record, that " the number of converts, who Theosophy in California are many, is more than counterbalanced by the number of apos- During a tour to the Pacific tates." He reckons that, had all Coast in March, April, and May, a the Irish emigrants been faithful visit to San Diego, California, reto the Church of Rome, there vealed the fact that there is there would be to-day a constituency of a fearful state of things. The beautwenty millions, instead of ten, in tiful place is saturated with theosothis country. Thus Protestant and phy, which has settled down on a Catholic seem to agree that the soil commanding point of land overof the United States is not very looking the sea, and is there creatfavorably for the growth of papacy. ing the Buddhistic center for America. They are said to have Meanwhile, in Spain, Italy, Hun- $20,000,000 on deposit. Christians gary, there are recent outbreaks seem to have concluded to shut symptomatic of a struggle for their mouths about this horrible freedom, civil and religious. An- modern monster which has come archistmovements have for a quar- from India to propagate its species ter century been most frequent and here. The apathy of professing convulsive, where clericalism has Christians about it is appalling; been most absolut~, and supersti- and not a few seem to regard it as tion the most enslaving. Spain a great advantage to have the head particularly is just now the cyno- center of this Oriental abomination sure of all eyes. It is a time for in the'town! A very discerning all earnest and praying children of friend told me that she had actually God to appeal to the eternal throne. met not a few who not only do not recoil from the introduction of the Dr. Watson on Romanism. worship of Buddha in this country, but openly uphold it! In Los An- Dr. John Watson (Ian Maclaren) geles, a wealthy woman has is not usually charged with bigotry. brought a Buddhist priest from He rather is thought to err on the the Chicago World's Fair and Parside of liberality. Yet he says in liament of Religions, and in her his address before the University of own palatial house erected a shrine Aberdeen: to Buddha, for the worship of this heathen idol, and in her house The official priest, with his material doc- many .people gather weekly for trine of the sacrament, his insistence on dog- this worship! One of the pastors

1902J EDITORIALS

says that all California is more or Like some of the so-called magi- cal doings of the Indian jugglers, less saturated with this heathen the explanation of which is to be found in some hypnotic influence cult, and this he gathers from per- exerted on the spectators, we think the miracle wrought by the lama sonal observation as he travels was appanent, not real-either a trick, or to be accounted for by the over the land. We have never felt state of the observer. It is stated that a calm and scientific witness, quite the shock and pain of coming desiring to test the reality of cer- tain supposed illusions produced into actual sight and touch of this by Indian magicians, tested them by a kodak, which failed to reveal loathsome Oriental abomination, in a succession of snap-shots the sights and scenes which spectators and it may well awaken a spirit of affirmed, on the evidence of their own eyes, to be actual. We crave earnest prayer. . some scientific proof of the reality of such marvels as Dr. Matson re- Asiatic Fakirs lates, and should be chary of giving them entire credence or publicity Dr. Matson, in "The Adversary: without such confirmation. a Study of Satanology," gives the case of a Lama in Tartary who, ac- Immortality and Science cording to his account, with much ceremony, while the lamas. about It is very significant that, in a him are incanting in terrible meas- book recently published, containures, gradually falls into strong ing the last words of the famous convulsions. Then as the song of evolutionist, John Fiske, immorthe lamas becomes wilder and more tality is treated from the standexcited, he flings away his scarf, point of science, and the old notion which he has worn about him, and that "the mind is the product with the sacred cutlass rips himself of material forces" is shown to be entirely open. As the blood gushes even scientifically untenable. The out upon the ground, the worship- author takes the position that ers prostrate themselves and seek the soul is an emanation from God, of him the answer to their longings that it has a temporary period of for the knowledge of things to inhabitation in the human body, come and other facts concealed during which it uses the brain as from human knowledge. This com- the instrument of expression. This pleted, the prayers of the lamas re- is essentially the position of the sumed, the lama whose abdomen Christian theist and marks a has been torn open takes a quan- change of attitude on the part of tity of the blood in his right hand, one of the scientific leaders. blows three times upon it, and casts it into the air with a loud cry. He In our judgment, it is to be then passes his hand rapidly over greatly regretted that so eminent his stomach, and it becomes whole, a man and philanthropist as the as it was before, without the slight- Rev. Charles H. Parkhurst, D.D., est trace being left of the opera- of New York, should have espoused tion, save extreme lassitude. a doctrine of conditional immortal- ity. His setting forth of the sub- This is the story of Dr. Matson, ject in what purports to be one of which is cited with approbation by Kenneth Mackenzie, Jr., in his very thoug:htful book on "Anti- Christian Supernaturalism." But we incline to think that such stories as this exemplify Shakespeare's famous line : " Our eyes are made the fools of our other senses."

his printed sermons strikes us as Meantime a part of the first edithe weakest of his public utter- tion was also put forward in "porances. He speaks of the soul as tions" (eight in all, comprising the being subject to similar conditions entire New Testament), and these as the body, and says in substance were at once submitted to missionthat there is nothing in the Scrip- aries in Spanish countries, with tures which encourages us to feel the result that nearly four-fifths of that the soul can be kept from dy- the first edition of ten thousand ing any more than the body, and copies were called for before the that if we prove immortal it will be binder' had finished the completed because we have succeeded in being books. A second and larger edition immortal; that there are condi- has lately been brought out and is tions of immortality which must now in course of distribution. be fulfilled, and that the soul has a a health which has to be taken care This work has been undertaken, of unless it is to give way to dis- not for profit, but as a ministry of ease and disease to death. All of love. The price is purely nominal, this takes for granted that the con- and does not nearly cover the actual ditions of the soul and of the body cost of publication. As a matter are similar-certainly an unproved of fact, very few workers in Spanhypothesis which bears on its very ish countries are able to pay more surface its own refutation. We than the transportation charges, fear that the effect of such doc- and very many are not able to do trinal teaching as this is to dis- even so much as that. parage all Christian doctrine and unsettle men more and more as to No comment has been employed, the vital truths of salvation. but by underscoring and a system of marginal symbols the funda- A Spanish Testament mental truths of the Gospel have been emphasized and to a degree Nearly two years ago it was classified. A brief series of simple Bible Readings has been appended. suggested to Mr. Lyman Stewart. Thus far the Los Angeles Bible of Los Angeles, that the publica- Institute, which issued this Testa- ment, is in regular correspondence tion of the New Testament in with something over four hundred (400) missionaries and native work- Spanish, marked so as to arrest the ers, and in touch with nearly a thousand more. Numerous shipattention of Roman Catholics, and ments of Testaments and portions have been made to various points without comment, would be spe- in Spain, Cuba, Porto Rico, Vene- zuela, Colombia, Paraguay, Uracially serviceable as a missionary guay, Chile, Argentine Repliblic, Peru, Ecuador, all five of the Cenadjunct in Spanish-speaking coun- tral American States, Mexico, the Philippines, besides many Spanishtries. . speaking centers in the United States. Many weeks and months were A particularly interesting fact is spent in selecting and appropriately the singular opportunity afforded at Gibraltar. The government of marking suitable passages, and a Spain puts severe restrictions upon the distribution of the Word of printer was found ready at hand God in that country, and in conse- to undertake the second stage of the wQrk, a man qualified by sev- eral years of service as a mission- ary, and later by some years of ministry in the printing of Spanish literature, to superintend the carry- ing of the book through the press -a man, too, combining in a rare degree, the title to scholarship and the spirit of true godliness.

EDITORIALS

quence consignments of Testa- tion. Toledo, Ohio, has given a ments to addresses in Spain are practical expression to the princiliable, either at the post-offices ples of the new brotherhood, and or custom-houses, to exorbitant has a Golden Rule mayor and comduties. In some instances such mittee, with representatives from packages are broken open and de- Protestants, Catholics, The 0 s 0 – stroyed. Gibraltar, however, is a phists, Christian Scientists, and British possession, and the British Labor Unionists. We shall all regovernment is making. extensive joice to see such principles of fraimprovements to its docks, and in ternity prevail. Previous history, this work some 4,000 Spanish work- however, gives us no little reason men are in constant employ. As, to question whether permanent for prudential reasons, however, harmony can be the outcome of none of these are permitted to re- any organization whose center of main long upon the works, there is crystalization is not the Gospel of a constant succession of TIlen re- Christ. The Church of Christ is a turning to their homes in various Golden Rule Brotherhood, but parts of Spain. Through Rev. somehow even this divinely insti- George Holmes, a missionary lo- tuted society has proven so human cated at this point, thousands of in its materials that dissension these men are being individually has not been excluded. supplied with Testaments or portions which, as the personal prop- Enterprise and Heroism erty of the recipients, are thus finding distribution to all parts of Every true missionary needs the Spain. spirit of enterprise manifested by Commander McDonough and the ]}Iany letters expressing apprecia- spirit of heroism exhibited by Lintion, and not a few interesting and coln. encouraging incidents, indicate the value of this edition of the New At Portland, in the war of 1812, Testament as an aid to the mission- Thomas McDonough received an ary, and several correspondents official letter appointing him to the have expressed the wish that simi- command of the Navy on Lake lar editions might be issued in Champlain. As he said, there was other languages, especially the Por- "not a tub afloat." After a pause tuguese, for use in Brazil. he started up, exclaiming, "I will make a navy!" With one hundred The Golden Rule Brotherhood men he went to the woods, cut timber, and in forty days launched The" Golden Rule Brotherhood," the first boat. No wonder such a which was inaugurated at the Buf- squadron with such a commander falo Exposition last June, seems to put Commodore Downie to shame. be making no little advance. The leaders seek to extend it to all "Defeat?" said Lincoln. "If people of the earth, and to have it were not one but a hundred, I observed an annual Golden Rule should still pursue the same un- Day. The fundamental principle is changing course." the recognition of human equality of right. Every man is to have Donations equitable dealing, whatever his race, color, creed, or social posi- No. 245. Rawei of New Zealand ……• $30.00 " 246. Congo Bololo Mission ……_. . 25.00

BOOKS FOR THE MISSIONARY LIBRARY ISLAM AND CHRISTIANITY; OR, THE QURAN AND Muslims; but the force of the book THE BIBLE: A Letter to a Muslim Friend is not affected by these failures to by a missionary. 12mo, 225 pp. $1.00. American Tract Society, New York. 1902. grasp fully the standpoint of Mo- Missionaries and students of com- hammedans. Some serious defects parative religion will greatly ap- preciate this fresh and searching of form, however, will diminish the analysis of the religious notions of Mohammed. So, too, will the can- usefulness of the book as a manual did" Muslim friend" to whom it is addressed, and who is naivelyask- for study of Islam in Christian ing why Christians, being satisfied of the truth of Christianity, yet lands: In the first place, it has no refuse to accept Islam. chapters or great topical divisions; The answer which the author gives to his Muslim friend is this: secondly, its paragraph headings The Christian is convinced that the source of the Bible is Divine, are for the most part uninforming and he rejects Islam because the Quran unwittingly but clearly re- or misleading; and in the third veals a different origin. place, like the short-lived produc- The method followed by the author is frank and simple. He cites tions which its cover suggests, it numbers of texts from the Quran perfectly well known to Muslims, has not been provided with an Inand covering a wide historical and doctrinal range. In admirable dex. Tho the author be absent in cool-blood he then shows their opposition to the Bible, in narrow Persia, these defects should be remprovincialism, in novel canons of evidence, in moral principle, and in edied by other skilled hands at the doctrinal substance. The consequences of this opposition he then earliest moment. briefly follows to their distant and fruitful ramifications. In stating baldly as above the Such a line of argument forces central thesis of this important litinto prominence the dilemma to which wider knowledge must finally tle work, one gives no impression lead the Muslim: If the Bible is false the Quran falls, as pledged to of the charm of brotherly tenderits truth; but if the Bible is true the Quran still falls through oppo- ness with which the authur has insition to its teaching. Controversy on this line avoids that stress upon vested his case. The considerate the moral defects of Mohammed and Mohammedans which com- tone of the book, as well as the monly produces a deadlock in discussions with Muslims by urging logic of its method, places it in the their self-respect to silence their reasoning faculty. very front rank of Christian litera- A few incidental statements of ture for Muslims. H. o. D. the author will be ineffective with PRESBYTERIAN HOME MISSIONS. By Rev. S. H. Doyle, D.D Illustrated. 12mo. 317 pp. $1.00. Presbyterian Board of Publica- tions, Pbiladelphia, Pa. 1902.

Tho professedly a denominational book, this is much more. It rises to the dignity of a text-book on the various aspects of American mis- sion work. It has twelve chapters, only three of which are occupied with the purely church work, and these are essential to the purpose of the book. In the other nine chapters, Dr. Doyle,with a straight- forward simplicity and painstaking thoroughness, presentH the facts as to the Indians, the Alaskans, the Mormons, the mountaineers, the Mexicans, the foreigners, and the Islanders, and portrays the great West in all its vastness of expanse, opportunity, and urgency. The

BOOKS .!fOft THE MISSIONARY LIBRARY

whole book is at once a narration which we possess, quoting largely and an oration-that is, it has both from earlier books on the subject, the facts of history and the force both Mormon and anti-Mormon, as of a powerful speech. The real well as from some original sources. condition and needs of this varied The author has sought to give an and heterogeneous population make unbiased statement of the facts a vivid appea.rance and a mighty from a secular point of view, but it appeal. We have struck no dry is impossible for a sane and impar- desert here. Statistics are thought tail student to go far in the study of to be bald and bare, like a skeleton, the Mormon h1story and doctrines but Dr. Doyle has clothed them without forming a judgment abso- with warm and living flesh. He lutely and unqualifiedly condemn- has packed his book with informa- ing the character of the founders tion carefully sifted. He gives and their teachings. opinions, but he gives a reason for them. He maintains that the In- The story here told is a remark- dians of North America number a able one, not so much because it quarter million and are not dying reveals t.he credulity of human out, but are probably as numerous nature in following a religion which as when the Pilgrims landed on rests on a basis so flimsy and fool- Plymouth Rock. He exposes the ish, as because they have been able shallow fraud of Mormonism, and to establish in the United States a gives authentic facts to buttress up political organization which prachis statements. Other denomina- tically defies the Federal governtions will find as much that they ml!nt and aims at complete indeneed to know, here, as the Presby- pendence. It would be well if terian brotherhood; and all the those who think that Mormonism denominational matter could be has ceased to be a menace and is eliminated and lea.ve us a mass of only a religious organization would historic material that no student of read llr. Linn's book. His statehome missions can afford to be ments are less extreme and his without. The spirit of the book is opinions less warmly expressed refreshing. No apology is made than those of Howe, Polk, and for national crimes or Church others, and therefore are more blunders. The plain, unvarnished likely to carry conviction to the facts are impartially presented, and unbiased mind. Much that is in this the vast capacities of the field and volume will be new to the reader, the unrivaled opportunities of the 110t because it has never before American people are exhibited so been stated, but because the subas to leave a burdensome convic- ject has been so little investigated. tion of responsibilities commensur- Facts and traditions have been ate with the open door set before carefully collected and sifted by us and the great needs urgently re- Mr. Linn, but have been fullyquiring our faithful and persistent almost too fully-stated, so that effort. the reader can form his own judg- ment. THE STORY OF THE MORMONS. By William A. Linn. Illustrated. 8vo, 6.37 pp. $4.00, We heartily wish that every net. The Macmillan Co., London and New Christian and patriot would ex- York. 1902. amine this volume and see for themselves why Mormonism is This is a history of the Mormons rightly called a menace to the home from the date of their origin (about and to the State, why it is justly 1825) up to the year 1901. It is the branded as degrading and blasphefullest and most careful account mous, and why it is imperative

that Congress should no longer recognizing the good work done in the educational, benevolent, and play with this question, but should medical spheres, he feels con- strained to censure, and in some see to it that no Mormon has a seat cases condemn, from evidence largely culled from their own misin the Senate or the House, and sionaries and bishops. Notably he cites the erection of a cathedral at should pass a law without delay Canton in 1859, on a site strongly opposed by the Chinese and against making polygamy unconstitutional the remonstrance of Frertch repre- sentatives, resident there; also and every polygamist an outlaw fraudulent insertion into the treaty of the Peking Convention of deprived of citizenship. * 1860, of unwarranted clauses, by the translator, Pere Delamere; OLD GLORY AND THE GOSPEL IN THE PHILIP- arbitrary and exasperating conduct of Si-Chuan missionaries toward PINES. By Alice B. Condit, M.D. Illus- local native officials, demanding trated. 12mo, 124 pp. 75c., net. Flem- hospitality, etc.; with similar de- ing H. Revell Co., New York. 1902. mands for exorbitant in«;lemnities in 1895, and for a secular rank for An ill-chosen title has been given French bishops and priests in 1899. to these brief but discriminating notes gathered by a lady physician As to Protestant missions, howduring her professional and mis- ever, this Romish authority, after a sionary work in the Philippines. diligent search, writes this em- The chapters consist, for the most phatic verdict: "Je n'airien trouve, part, of impressions made by the absolument rien." Not one charge sight of what the rule of Rome has could he authenticate against any meant in Luzon, the needs of the Protestant missionary which had people for something more satisfy- stirred Chinese wrath and at the ing and transforming than the same time been in conformity with priests could give them. Dr. Condit the principles of the society he also shows the results of Ameri- represented. He found these miscan sovereignty and the progress sions practically unanimous in reof Protestant missionary work. straining their missionaries from While the book is not one of per- all political alliances and interfermanent value, it is interesting ences, and here records the fact reading, and gives a clear view of that their workmen are instructed some of the problems to be solved t·o respect native laws, customs, and missionary incidents in the and prejudices, avoid needless pioneer days. offense even against their super- stitions, and appeals to foreign M. RAOUL ALLIES, Paris, has consuls on trifling matters; while published a ;"olume, in French, * on they are bidden rather to withdraw the recent convulsions in China, from the country than to promote which was prompted, as he con- conflict and bring on war. He parfesses, by the common complaint in ticularly refers to the famous meetthe press, that the troubles were ing at Exeter Hall, in 1895, and mainly due to Christian missions. challenges anyone to quote a He proposed to himself, in the inter- phrase, tainted with a spirit of est of truth, to find out how far angel' or resentment toward the these charges were founded in fact. misguided leaders of the massacre. He went to work with impartiality, and looked carefully into the conduct, first, of his own Roman Catholic Church, and then of the Protestants. His conclusions may be given in substantially his own words.

As to the Roman Catholics, while * "Les Troubles de chine "t les Missions Chretiennes. "

GENERAL MISSIONARY INTELLIGENCE

GENERAL MISSIONARY INTELLIGENCE AMERICA Church, but froin henceforth, as its editor from the first, Eugene United Study The Central Com- Smith, says: of Missbns mitteeon theUnited Course. 1903 Study of Missions It will be a Methodist magazine, giving some account of all Methodist denominations, propose a course of particularly recording the work of ~lethodist lessons on India for 1903. Mrs. missions. Our aim will be to let each Metho- Caroline Atwater Mason has pre- dist denomination understand what the pared a text-book, similar to " Via others are doing to extend the kingdom of Christi." It will be called "Lux Christ, and present a view of the great mis- Christi: A Study of India; a Twi- sion fields where they are laboring. The light Land," and the contents is Gospel in All Lands will be an advocate of outlined as follows: fraternity and federation.

I. Thirty Dim Centuries. 1500 (1) B.C. to Southern The Southern Bap- 1500 An. Bap6sts and tis t Convention II. 'rhe 'rouch of Trade. 1497 to 1877. From Missions supports 115 mis- the First Portuguese Trader to the Corona- sionaries and 171 tion of Victoria, Empress of India. native helpers; 20 new missionaries III. The Touch of Love. From the three were sent out during the year, and Crosses of Saint Thomas's Mount, 635 A.n., to 4,634 converts have been baptized the Landing of Carey in Calcutta, 1793. in the mission fields within four years. Contributions last year IV. The Conquered People. Their Social, amounted to $173,439, an advance. Intellectual, and Religious Conditions. of $17,000 upon the offerings of the year preceding. For the fifth time V. Anglo·Saxon Protestantism (A Century in succession the Board closed the of). year free of debt. The fields occu- pied are China, Japan, Africa, VI. The Christ·Light in India. Italy, Mexico, Brazil, and Cuba. The National Baptist Foreign The book will also contain: Board (the Board of the Negro Baptists of the United States) is (1) A list of words commonly making laudable and growing used in descriptions of India, with efforts to join the number who are meaning and pronunciation. reading the Gospel to Africa, the land of their" mothers." The secre- (2) A table of condensed statisti- tary is Dr. L. G. Jordan, of Louiscal, historical, and other facts con- ville, Ky. The Negro Baptists cerning the great cities. number nearly 2,000,000 in the United States. The evangelization (3) An historical outline of the of the Negroes is the most successsuccessive conquests and invasions ful effort the white Christians have of India. put forth to other races since they have received the Gospel. There (4) Copious bibliography. Ex- are nearly as many Negro Methocerpts from theVedas, Zend Avesta, dists. There are fully 10,000,000 aI.d Koran. Negroes in America, and fully half of them are members of churches. (5) Brief anecdotes and quota- The Negro Christian is next, theretions from Kipling's poem "India" fore, to the white Christian, and it on the Queen's Jubilee. will be a long time before the yel- (6) Appendix, giving denominational territory and general missionary statistics, etc.

We expect to take up in the REVIEW parallel topics in our January to June (1903) numbers.

A Pan- The Gospel in All Methodist Lands was started Missionary in ]880 as an unde- Magazine nominational pub- lication, in 1885 became the organ of the missionary society of the Methodist Episcopal

low or brown race will catch up Income, $1,000,000; 745 mission- with them, if ever. aries, 1,882 native helpers, and 44,- 443 church members. A Minister to Berkeley Temple Young Women rejoices in adding to A Good Indian The American Mis- Who is Alive sionary for June its workers Miss Frances J. Dyer, who has become photographs the well known through her lectures fine face and sketches the life of and classes in "Current Events." Artemas Ehnamani, "hunter, war- Her position is defined on the Berke- rior, and missionary." We are ley Temple calendar as "Minister to told that "up to manhood he had y oung Women," an office new to not met with any Christian mis- the annals of church life, but one sionari!Js. Not until after the for which Miss Dyer is abundantly Sioux War of 1862, when he was a fitted both by natural gifts and by prisoner in Mankato, Minn., with experience. Already she has the 400 others who were condemned to friendship and confidence of a large death, did he come face to face with proportion of the students and the Gospel of Chrlst. He was a working girls at South End, and thorough heathen, inducted into last winter she assisted Dr. Loomis the mysteries of the religion by his in a similar way at Union Church. father, who left with him at his This is by no means Miss Dyer's death his medicines and mystic first work for Berkeley Temple, charms. Licensed to preach in and she will be sure to draw any 1866, he was ordained pastor of who have previously known her Pilgrim Church at Santee Agency, there, while proving no less a fa- Neb., in 1867. From time to time vorite with newcomers. The gen- he made trips, with the missionerosity of women of wealth in aries or alone, among the wild churches of the Back Bay and the tribes of the Sioux, and showed his suburbs has made possible this de- ability to gain their attention and partment of service.-The Congre- favor. Afterward, when the Chrisgationalist. tian representatives of these same wild tribes have gathered with us Presbyterians Last year the Pres- in yearly council, it has been Pastor and MissiolU byterian Board sent Ehnamani's great glory that he has been privileged to have a share out 106 missionaries in their redemption." -·58 returning to the field, 48 newly appointed. Missionaries now un- The Gospel in It is estimated that der appointment to go out this year are 56. The present force is: Utah there are 85 churches Missionaries… ………………. 745 and missions of Native helpers ………………. 1,882 Hospitals and dispensaries.. . . . . . 84 various non-Mormon faiths-7 de- Schools and colleges. . . . . . . . . . . . . 769 Organized churches………….. 610 nominations in all-in Utah, with In one year, in 77 hospitals and a membership of 5,300. The gains dispensaries under care of the Board, 340,878 patients were treated are slow, only 200 in the last year, at a net cost of $22,009. In a single hospital in the City of New all told. The field is not surpassed York, in one year, the net cost of treating 35,709 patients was $139,- in difficulty in the densest part of 681>. In 1872: Income, $500,000; 262 misslOnaries, 439 native helpers, heathenism. How slight is the 4,203 church members. In 1902: hold which Christianity has gained after forty years of toil and en- durance in that region which by the last census has' a population of 276,749.

GENERAL MISSIONARY INTELLIGENCE

Presbyterians The figures which to the public the impression that in Alaska follow relate to Protestant missionary effort there what one Church is had been fruitless, and that a re- conciliation had been effected bedoing and has accomplished in our tween people and priest.

remotest Northwest: La Presse, of Montreal, said: All those who had retired from Churches. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • • . . . . . 11 the Roman Catholic Ohurch and Ministers .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. 10 had followed the Protestant minis- Additions.. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . . .. .. . . 290 ters have come back, with the ex- ception of two, and before long By letter… .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. . . . . 23 there will not be one left, for the Total membership… …. .. …… 1,094 chief adherent of the minister is in Adult baptisms.. .. . .. . .. .. .. . .. . 203 trouble with the latter with regard S. H. membership… ……. … … 1,015 to a property. The minister seems Total contributions………….. $4,084 to have definitely left the place. This is the end of the apostacy of A Canadian The huge diocese of St. Valier.

Diocese Moosonee, the area This article is, from beginning to end, entirely made up of misrepre- Divided of which Bishop sentations and falsehoods.

Newnham puts at Weekly meetings are still held at St. Valier, led by the pastor of twelve times the size of Great the church at Quebec, and in spite of the fact that these meetings are Britain and Ireland, has been held at a long distance from most of our friends, 'yet the attendance divided, and a new diocese, called has been thus far lately between thirty and forty, mostly men. The Keewatin (North Wind), has been want of a proper building at a central locality has been a great formed out of it. The House of disadvantage to missionary effort and has largely affected the results Bishops of the Province of Ruperts- of our labors. land have unanimously elected The work among the parishioners Archdeacon Lofthouse as bishop of St. Valier and neighboring parishes is, to all appearance, sure of the new diocese, which stretches to have permanent and encourag- ing results. At least fifty or sixty from Minnesota on the south to families are now reading the Scrip- tures, a large number of whom the Arctic Ocean on the north, refuse to enter into any com- promise with the cure, being entaking in the western shore of tirely out of sympathy with the ways and tenets of Romanism, and Hudson Bay and a strip of terri- looking to us for protection, re- ligious teaching, and instruction. tory of from 200 to 400 miles in There is urgent need now of a place in a good locality, where these width. The southern portion of people could meet and hold regular services, and, after this a school this diocese, which forms a part of ought to be organized and carried on; it would at once meet with the New Ontario, will probably fill up cordial approval of many in that rapidly with settlers, but the bleak part of the province and secure and inhospitable western shore of Hudson Bay and the Barren Lands will remain the home of scattered Indians and Eskimo.-C. M. S.

Intelligence1'.

The Awakening Rev. P. Boudreau at St. Valier. writes to the Pres- Quebec byterian RecQ1'd, of Oanada, that the religiou movement which started about two years ago in the parish of St. Valier, Bellechasse County, is gaining daily in intensity and strength, notwithstanding the strenuous efforts of 'both Roman Oatholic clergy and politicians to check and crush it.

From time to time articles have appeared in the French papers of Montreal and Quebec, conveying

wide patronage and wield good in- per cent. on management, while fluence. This plan alre~y meets the other societies spent 8~ per with the wishes of not a few fami- cent. The cost of managing the lies and has the sympathy of the Society for the Propagation of the rising generation. Gospel and the Church Missionary 80ciety is "excessive and out of all EUROPE proportion." In the first case it is over 13 per cent., and in the second British In 1892 there were over 11.-Christian World.

Medical 125 British Medical The Greatest Last year the Brit- Bible Society ish and Foreign Missionaries Missionaries; in Bible Society issued 1900, 295; in 1901, 5,067,421 copies of Scripture, com- plete or in parts-a total surpassing 312. Female physicians have in- all earlier records. Since 1804 the creased from 12 to 91. Now 115 societx has circulated more than 175,000,000 copies of Scripture. Of work in India, 106 in China, 36 in every 100 copies issued 19 were Africa, 17 in Palestine, 7 in Persia, Bibles, 27 were New Testaments, and 54 were Scripture portions, 7 in Madagascar, 7 in the New Heb- chiefly Gospels or the Psalms. The rides, 4 in Japan, 4 in Egypt. colporteurs abroad, numbering743, There are 114 under the Presbyte- sold over 1,350,000 copies, while 620 rians, 87 Anglicans, 31 Indepen- native Christian Bible women were dents (i.e., Congregationalists), 11 supported in the East, in connec- Wesleyans, 7 Baptists, etc.-Calver tion with nearly 50 different mis- sionary organizations. Transla- Missions blatt. tions or revisions are in progress in over 100 different languag3s. The Are Missionary Sir Henry Burdett ·list of versions now includes the Societies again criticises the names of 367 distinct forms of Wasteful? methods of certain speech. The income from all sources home and foreign was £236,292 ($1,181,460.) mission societies in the new issue How the Bible The London Chrisof his useful annual, "Hospitals is Feared tian names these and Charities." Regarding home and Hated among the obstamissions, he thinks that "both cles met b y the money and energy are wasted on numerous societies which might agents of the society just named: well combine and so extend their influence." He suggests the forma- In addition to the ceaseless tion of a central association to pro- opposition of the Roman Church, mote united action. " Startling in many countries the work of differences" are to be found in the . the society has been hampered cost of administration of the socie- by serious restrictions arising out ties. The Mission to Deep-Sea of laws or their administration. F ish e r men spends nearly one- In parts of the Austrian Empire fourth of its total ordinary expend- licenses for colporteurs are still iture Qn management, while the withheld, and in the Duchy of British and Foreign Sailors' Socie- Luxembourg the selling of books ty, with about the same income, in the streets is prohibited. In spends less than a tenth in this Greece the government has placed way. With respect to foreign mis- a ban on the modern Greek Bible issued by the society. Leave is still sions, Sir Henry shows that in i900 lacking for a colporteur to work in Montenegro. The French authori- "it cost over £20,000 more to raise ties prohibit the public sale of and expend £632,200 by 'Church' societies than it did to raise and expend £686,500 by other religious communities."" That is to say, that the State Church societies spent 12

GENERAL MISSIONARY INTELUGENCE

Scriptures in Tunis, and they have and intends by the grace of God to yet allowed the society to resume work in Cochin China. The Turk- stand. It maintains, and will main- .. ish government resolutely forbids tain, its just independence-not in- dependence of the Church or of its the issue of the Four Gospels in constituted authorities, but the Albanian in native character, while reasonable independence of a body of loyal churchmen banded tocolporteurs in the region about gether for the preaching of Christ Bagdad has been made impossible. in the world. At the same time. it The government of Persia has stop- declinss to be turned aside, by groundless and unworthy susped all importations of Scriptures picions, from its ancient practise of in the native tongue. The public friendly intercourse with other so- cieties, whether within the Church exercise of any other than the Ro- of England or within the wider man Catholic religion is prohibited range of Protestant Christendom.

by the constitution of the Republic The Wesleyans At the May anniof Peru. and Missions versary it was re- ported that "in the The Religious At the May anni- missions under the immediate di- Tract Society versary of this or- rection of the British Conference, which are situated in Europe, Cey- ganization, Rev. lon, India, China, South Africa, West Africa, Honduras, and the Richard Lovett stated these facts: Bahamas, there are to-day nearly 400 missionaries, about 64,600 The new publications of the last church members fully accredited year numbered 69.!, of which 209 or on trial, over 100,000 children were tracts and the society has and young people under instrucpublished, or helped others to pub- tion, and a total Christian comlish, literat.ure in 250 languages, munity of about 200,000. The stadialects, and characters. The total tistical returns for 1901 show an circulation of books, tracts, etc., increase of 1,384 full members, and from the London warehouse during an increase of 860 on trial. The inthe twelve months reached 32,149,- come for last year was £143,617 810, of which 15,483,750 were tracts. ($718,085), a falling off of $14,385 From foreign depots it is estimated from the year preceding. that 20,000,000 of publications have gone forth, bringing the year's fig- Deaconess In 1901 there beures up to 52,149,810, and those since Work on the longed to the Union the formation of the society to 3,490,715,230. Continent of D e a con e s s. Houses, 75 houses. TheOne The General Re- Object of view of the Year 14,501 sisters, and 5,211 places of Missions by the C. M. S. sec- work. Of these Germany had 49 houses and 11,879 sisters. Kaiser- retaries sets forth werth had 1,075 stations, Bielefeld from the text (Heb. ii :8, 9): 900, Stuttgart 735, Konigsberg 658, "We see not yet all things put Dresden 530, N euendettelsau 505. Of the German Deaconesses 5,955 under him. But we see Jesus were at work in hospitals, 3,697 in crowned with glory and parishes, 1,008 in infant schools, 522 in other schools, 217 in estabhonour," and concludes as follows: lishments for training girls, 240 in work for orphans, fallen women, The one grand object of missions and prisoners, 87 among the weak- is that He may be exalted, and the minded and the epileptic, 29 among Church Missionary Society wishes Godspeed to every mission, every society, every church that works for that object. Differences in this imperfect state there will be, and must be-differences of gift, of administration, of operation; differ- ences of theological expression, of ecctesiastical policy, of evangelistic method. The Church Missionary Society has its own distinctive principles-the principles of the apostolic age, of the English Reformation, of the evangelical revival; and on those priuciples it stands, 1330 TlIll) MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD [August the crippled, the blind, and the regard to taxation and duties upon deaf, 150 at the care of infants, and succession or transmission of prop- the rest at other gooa. works. erty, and they have mostly ab- The United When, a year or stained from complying with the Free Church two since, the Scot- law of association of June 30, 1887. and Missions tish Free Church The clergy and many prelates and the U nit e d complain that monks and Jesuits Presbyterians became one body, have deprived them everywhere of one of the great missionary societies the best ana wealthiest of their came into being, as the figures be- parishioners of both sexes, and have low will prove, which relate to the become the favorite confessors, parlast year: ticularlyof the fair sex, over whom they exercise immense influence. Foreign mission fields. ….. …… 15 This is considered all the more Ordained European missionaries ,111 288 alarming because they have grad- European medical missionaries.. 37 ually become the teachers of the Women's Socie'tymissionaries… 90 2,824 majority of the girls and boys of European evangelists. ……… .. 50 all classes of the nation, and of all the children almost of the nobility Total European agency…. and conservative upper classes. So Ordained native pastors. . . . . . . . . . 38 aggressive and imperious have the Native licentiates ……. '" . ….. 15 monks and Jesuits grown that they Native evangelists. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 403 have been found,in the van of the Native teachers. …………… .. 1,580 processions, jubilee demonstra- Other helpers.. ………………. 104 tions, and pilgrimages that caused Women's Society teachers……. 512 such serious disturbances in Spain Bible women and other wom('n during the whole of last winter and in the spring of 1901. helpers…….. …………….. 172 Total native agency……. .

[In addition to the above agents, there are 111 missionaries' wives who are doing large work in the various fields.J Principal stations (congregations)…. 145 Out-stations………………….. ' . . . 626 Members in full communion (1900 = 39.575 9,200 42,133)……'… , . … … .. .. .. .. . …… 47,281 Candidates or catechumens.. . . . . . . . . . Attendance at 8 colleges and 856 schools ……………………….'., It should be explained that of the 37 European medical missionaries. Protestantism There is a very wide- in Italy spread anti-clerical 15 are also ordained. The apparent movement in Italy, decrease in the number of native communicants is entirely due to as in Austria, France, and Spain, the disorganization of the Church but the Protestant cause in Italy is in Manchuria through the Boxer steadily gaining ground. The first troubles. The income was £179,- and foremost representative of this, 839 ($899,195). Or, if contributions cause are the Waldensians, who to Jewish missions and to conti- have held their own in the historic' nental and colonial work be added, Alpine valleys for seven centuries. . In these districts they have 17 the sum is £193,664. congregations, with 22 pastors Monks One hundred thou- and about 13,000 souls, while in and Nuns in sand monks and their school are found 4,571 day Spain nuns inhabit Spain and 3,520 Sunday school scholars.

at presen t, and About fifty years ago they began 1,500 Jesuits, not a few of all three to establish Protestant congrega- classes being foreigners. The cen- tions also beyond the borders of sus of 1897 shows their numbers to their valleys, and of these there have doubled since 1887, and in the are now 48, with 47 additional sta- latter year they had trebled com- tions, and a communicant memberpared with the figures of 1877. ship of 5,600, served by 44 pastors They have but rarely complied and 18 evangelists. In the day- with the fiscal laws of Spain in schools of these congregations are found 2,771 pupils, with 66 teachers, ander Krauskaar, have been and their Sunday-schools report an arrested. The whole city is ex- attendance of 3,561. In addition cited over this arrest, for every on:e the Waldensians employ 18 colpor- knows that these people have noth- teurs and Bible agents. ing to do nor do they in any way sympathize with the Nihilists, The other native Protestant but it is well known that all of Church, the "Free Church," or them are strong Zionists, and much "Chiesa Evangelica Italiana, " was Zionistic literature has been found only organized in 1870 in Milan. in their houses.-Jewish Gazette. The latest reports credit the Free Church with 36 congregations, 45 ASIA preaching-stations, 1,831 communi- Exit Smyrna The Rot h s chi 1d cant members, 14 pastors and 17 evangelists, 944 day pupils, with 38 Hospital Hospital in Smyr- teachers. Their theological school na, which was es- is found in Florence, but was in Rome down to 1891. tablished about thirty years ago, will be obliged to close its doors at Kindred in spirit is the "Free the end of the year. The Barons Christian Church" of Italy, con- Rothschild granted $20,000 for the sisting of some 20 congregations. rebuilding of the hospital, but the Protestant influences from without Turkish Government will not any have been active in ItaJy for de- longer allow the institution to be cades. The English Wesleyans, at under Austrian control, and de- work since 1861, have a member- mands that the Turkish flag should ship of 1,616 in 52 congregations wave from the building. The and stations, with 892 day pupils Rothschilds do not want to agree and 1,180 in the Sunday-schools. with the condition, and from now The American Methodists began on refuse to pay for the maintain- work in 1873, and have 1,482 com- ance of the hospital. So that on municant members in their 12 con- the 31st of December this necessary gregations and 40 stations, served institution wnl be closed.-Volkes by 25 pastors and 6 evangelists, Advocate. with 795 day pupils and 1,063 in the Sunday-schools. This church Dr. The friends of Rev. has a theological school in Rome. The United English and American Chamberlain Dr. Jacob Cham- , Baptists began work in 1870, and have a membership of 1,430 in 31 III in India berlain will be much congregations and 50 stations. served by 37 pastors and evan- saddened to learn gelists. One of the most flourish- ing Protestant congregations in that on May 9th he suffered a stroke Italy is found in Rome, and con- sists of the Protestant soldiers in of apoplexy while in his study in garrison in that city.-Independ- ent. Madanapalla, India. By latest ac- Zionists VS. Thirty Jews (the counts (May 15th) his mind and the Czar most prominent among the Jewish speech were clear, but his left side inhabitants of Warsaw), lawyers, was entirely paralyzed. There is physicians, journalists, among them the well-known author, Alex- thus ground for hope that, tho his active service of the past years is not likely to be resumed, his .life may be spared and his pen may still be active in producing litera- ture which will be a blessing to the cause of Christ, both at home and abroad. His" Tiger Jungle" and " Cobra's Den" are unsurpassed in giving an accurate and vivid pic- ture of life and work in India.

What Hindus Rev. J. L. Barton, Baptist Work This jubilant note in Burma is sounded by the Think of secretary of the July issue of the Missions American Board, Baptist Missionary Magazine: and recently re- As to the harvest being gathered, read the following summary of re- turned from a visit to India, has a ports in this one issue: 81 baptisms remarkable article in the Mission- in Burma! 6 of these were Talains, 1 a Taungthu, 3 were Burmans, 2 ary Herald for June, composed were Ohins, 55 were Pwo Karens, and 14 were from the Eurasian mainly of words spoken to him in Girls' Home, all these latter speak- ing English. The Talains are repraise of missions by Hindus and ported from Moulmein, the Bur.. mans from Henzada, the Chins Mohammedans. These are speci- from Sandoway, the Pwo Karens as the result of a long tour among mens: the churches in Bassein, and the 14 English-speaking people are from A Hindu community in Oeylon Moulmein. Of the 81, 32 are pupils in its address testifies to " the in our mission schools. 54 bapnoble ideals of duty and purity of tisms also are reported from Assam, life which have been set before the of which 45 are Garos, 8 are from people of this country by the ex- the immigrant peoples, and 1 a emplary lives led by your mission- Naga. aries." A Brahman !Jdit.or in Madura said, "The names of your Zenana Work The Church of Engmissionaries become household in Cochin land Zenana Miswords in this district by the love and sympathy they bring." In the sionary Soc i e t y same district a Hindu official said, "The last and most important of has opened two new mission stathe work done by the missionaries tions in Cochin-Ernakulum and is the elevation of the moral-tone and sense of duty imbibed in the. Tripoonithura. Miss d'Albedyhll midst of my countrymen by free intercourse and friendship with writes: them." And the same official gave " Ernakulum is three miles from expression to his satisfaction that Ohristianity was making many con- British Oochin Town, and, from a verts among the lowest and outcasts, for whom there is no pro- business point of view, is the chief vision in the rigid and unchanging Hindu social and religious system. town of the Cochin State. It con- Methodist This table gives the tains all the principal law courts, Missions in fi g u res, as they colleges, schools, and other public Southern Asia stood December 31 buildings; and is the home of all last, in the seven the highest native officials of the state. Tripoonithura' is six miles fields occupied by American Metho- inland, and is the residence of the dists, from which nothing ap- numerous members of the royal proaching to failure appears: family of Cochin. Here the, suc- =" " "= CONFERENCES~«aJ «aJ OJ cession to the throne runs in the .ote female line; hence all the aunts, -t:- '"" -z·e- -3– South India. . . . . . …0 8 8 8:0 uncles, and cousins of the Maha- :00 ".t~~"e'8_- ~ _..<:I Rajah are the princes and prin- te ~= .0 JlO cesses, and his own children have 0 ::: 0 no title or rallk whatever. The ,0 …. ~ E-< Maha-Rajah's mother being dead, E-<O 305 — 2,!l96 his senior aunt is now the queen of 1.231 777 the state and has the title of Bombay……. …. 8,102 1,70ll 14,131 6,775 , Moth e r Sovereign.' She has Bengal. . ….. . .. .. 1 2!<0 1 194 3,883 362 NOI·th India…….. 17;1"9 14:235 45,516 2,101 nothing to do with pplitical affairs, Northwest India … 23.258 16,015 58,279 7,805 Burma Mission. . . . 262 280: 677 49 but knows Sanscrit, and is consid- M~::~i.~.~:~~i~~:: ~I~I~~ ~

GENE;RAL MISSIONARY INTELLIGENCE

ered well educated. Her dress con- Burmese New Year's festival in sists simply of a waist-cloth and April, but this officer was ill, and lovely jewelry. the ceremony was postponed until about the middle of May. God can "The most civilized of all the la- bring to confusion the plans against dies of the palace are the wives of His kingdom." some of the princes. They are well educated, speak and read English, Growth in The tenth annual and clothe themselves in a more civilized fashion than the mother Tinnevelly report of the Tinnesovereign. velly C. M. S. Dis- " At Erna:kulum the work is very encouraging, but I do long for a trict Church Council, being the rebetter and more educated stamp of Biblewomen to go among the ladies port for the year 1901, in noticing of the place, or, better still, European ladies! Some of the upper the death of the late queen-emclass Mayar ladies at Ernakulum are very well informed, and their press, draws a striking contrast behusbands wish them to be brought out more and would much like me tween the condition of the mission to arrange social gatherings where they could meet and have inter- at the beginning and at the end of course with European and native Christian ladies. This is a great her memorable reign: step in the right direction, for when they once mix freely with 1837 1901 Christians, and so get over the idea of it being pollution to touch them, Adherents …. , …………… . 8,2' 7 54.224 they will the more readily accept Communicants…………… . 114 13.233 the Christian's religion." Pupils under instruction ….. . 2,320 12,966 A Revival Miss Eva O. Stark, Native clergy…………….. . 1 50 of Buddhism of Zigon, Burma, Evangelists, catechists, and in Burma writes: "Our work is particularly diffi- schoolmasters…….. , …..• 113 549 cult just now because of a revival Schoolmistresses…………. . …. 150 of Buddhism, due mostly to the highest officer in the place. He is Native contributions……… . . … Rs.49,379 a Burman, educated in a Catholic school. He is a devoted Buddhist From the same report we glean and does everything in his power the following interesting items reto hinder Christian work. About garding the steady, healthy, eneighteen months ago an unsuccess- couraging increase in all items for ful attempt was made to prevent the past five years: our drawing the regular grant made by the government to this Year Adher- Bap- Comrnuni- Rs. 15.505 school, because of the Bible study. ents tized cants Now the plan is for an Eurasian 1897 50,804 47,588 " 16,lU6 young man to enter the Buddhist 1898 51,795 12,618 " 16,81!6 priesthood and start a Buddhist 1899 48,225 12,715 " 17,445 school, to break up, if possible, the 1900 52,964 49,088 12,904 " 19,513 Christian school. The time for the 1901 53,640 49,753 13,108 young man to be initiated was the 54,224 50,518 13,233 Another Arrangements are Decennial in progress for hold- Conference ing at the close of the present year the fourth decennial conference of mis- sionaries from all parts of India in Madras. The three previous con- ferences were composed of all such missionaries who chose to attend, but it is proposed that the next conference should consist of about 200 elected delegates from the various evangelical missions. Al- ready a list is published of themes which are to be presented in papers and for discussion.

More Violence Dr. H. N. Canright, in West China of the American Methodist mission at Chen-tu, in the province of Sz-

Chun, West China, has telegraph- congregation of 90 earnest people ed that a Methodist chapel there who assemble Sunday after Sunday has been destroyed and ten Chinese in: a broken-down old house, sur- converts have been killed by rounded by noises of every kind, Boxers. Mr. Oanright says also which make it difficult to carryon that the Boxer movement is spread- the services with any degree of ing in that region. quiet or comfort. The congrega- tion has given $1,200 toward the The governor of Sz-Ohun has purchase of a large brick building, also notified the government (June capable of seating 500 people, and 27) that the American and British they have also pledged themselves mission buildings at Tien-ku-Ohao to undertake the additional expense have been destroyed by a mob, and of properly furnishing it. One that a missionary has been mur- family has promised to give the dered (this has not, however, been pulpit, another the, reading-desk, confirmed). An imperial edict just and so on.-C. M. S. Intelligencer. issued deprives the local magistrate of Tien-ku-Chao of his rank, and The The Finnish Misorders the extermination of the rioters. Several of the leaders of Finnish Mission sionary Soc i e t y the outbreak are reported to have been beheaded. Apparently this in Hunan finds that its field was an anti-indemnity rising, like of labor, in Ondonthose which have occurred elsewhere in China. gil" Southwest Africa, has become Gifts to a The new interest too narrow for it. Within two or Chinese College w hie hIe a din g three years, moreover, some 200 young men, and almost as many Chi n arne n are young women, have applied for taking in educational institutions appointments under it, besides carried on in their country under several young theologians. It has Christian auspices has just received therefore chosen out the Chinese a fresh illustration in the gift of province of Hunan for a second $3,800 recently given to St. John's field of labor. In October, 1901, its College, Shanghai, China, by a first missionary, pastor Sjobtom, company of leading citizens of that region, including several govern- arrived at Hankow, where he will ors and viceroys. 'rhe Protestant Episcopal Church in this country, remain for the present to learn the under whose care this institution language. The director of this sois conducted, will add $20,000 to ciety, the only Protestant missionthis sum to provide a new building, now urgently needed in view of its ary society in Russia, lately, at a growth and promise. pastoral synod in St. Petersburg, expressed the wish that the Ger- Advance in Archdeacon Wolfe Fu-chau rejOICeS in being man-speaking Lutherans of Russia able to report the might also take part in this new opening of the first station in an work, especially as Russia is the enormous suburb of Fu-chau, containing a population of 600,000 nearest European neighbor of souls-that is, 100,000 more than is China, and is gaining more and supposed to be the population with- more influence there. That it is in the walls of the city of Fu-chau itself. In this suburb there is a just China which has been chosen out as the field of labor, he explains as follows: The political events of the last years constitute a turning point in the development of China. The changed conditions summon the entire Protestant world to bend all its energies to win China, now so

GENERAL MISSIONARY INTELLIGENCE

receptive, to the evangelical faith as bad as it seems. Doubtless it and to Christian civilization.-Cal- sounds bad, when we hear that in ver Missionsblatt. _Japan there are 33 different socie- ties at work. But the number of Chinese A missionary i n the really distinct churches is only Laughing at the China writes in a 13, and of these, 5 contain two- thirds of all the societies, 86 per Powers private let t e r : cent. of all the missionaries, and 97 "The Chinese are per cent. of all the Christians. Even among the others many de- laughing up their sleeves at the for- nominations are only locally dis- eign powers. They are taxing the tinct, like the Presbyterian Church 'outside country' merchants to pay in Scotland and in America, or his- the indemnity. Yung Lu, whose torically separated, like the Amer- troops beseiged the legations, is ad- ican Presbyterian or Methodist vanced to a very responsible posi- Church North or South. tion-one of the highest. The 'progressive' officials and gentry In the work itself there prevails are afraid the apparently 're- a far-reaching unity. For instance· – form' edicts are only a ruse to get in Japan the 7 Presbyterian socie- hold of them. The people in these ties support 1 church and maintain provinces who had no share in the 1 divinit.y school.-Zeitschrift fur Boxer troubles are furious because Missions Kunde. the heaviest part of the indemnity burden has been placed upon them. Buddhist Not long since cer- They are also oppressed with fam- .. Sacred" (1) tain sacred relics, ine in some places." Relics much esteemed by Progress in According to statis- the Buddhists, were Japan tics just iss u e d there were at the brought from Siam to Japan with great ceremony, and on their ar- end of 1901, 46,634 Protestant Chris- rival at Kyoto the whole road over tians in Japan, an increase of 4,183 which they were to be carried was in the year. The Nippon-Sei-Kok- covered with cotton cloth, of which wai (Church of Japan, including 1,200 pieces were used, costing the American Protestant Episcopal about $1,600. This cloth so used Church, the Canadian Board Mis- was supposed to be very sacred and sion, Church Missionary Society, to have magical power, and there- Society for the Propagation of the fore, after the procession had passed Gospel, and St. Andrew's and St. over it, it was sold at a dollar a Hilda's Missions) has a membership foot, and the sum realized was a of 10,238. The Protestant mission- little over $68,000. aries of all grades number 782, an increase of 25. The Greek Church Government A missionary of the has a membership of 26,680, and Favors to Mis- Irish Presbyterian the Roman Catholic adherents number 55,824. sionaries Church writes: "The Japanese authorities Denominations I t is one of the scoff- in Japan ing assaults most have made a concession to our mis- frequently he a r d sionaries (no doubt also to the Ca- nadian Presbyt.erian missionaries), against Protestant missions, that useful in itself, and a pleasant sign the natives do not know which of of the friendly relations they wish the 94 different societies brings the to establish with Christian worktrue Gospel, because each mission- ers. They are giving the missionary only allows authority to his aries free passes on the railway own. The case is far from being

which is in course of construction station. The government will give between Takow and the extreme 5 acres of land, half the expense of north of the island. From Takow erecting the necessary buildings, to a point 10 or 12 miles north of pay the salaries of the teachers, Tainan it is already open. Proba- and make, we understand, a grant bly the free pass includes the trol- of $15,000 for at least two years to ley line which runs from that the American mission to provide point north to Chianghoa. the teachers and manage the insti- tution. The English, Oolonials, and AFRICA Boers in the district heartily second this movement. It looks as tho More Railroads The Kongo Railway the mission may be led to take up in the Kongo has proved so suc- this work so providentially thrown in its way, since it does not call for Free State cessful that the Free additional funds from the Board. S tat e authorities The mission already owns (lne lot in the town of Melsetter, on which it decided two years ago to build lines , is intended to erect a cottage to be in the eastern part of the Free used as a mission sanitarium. .State that will complete steam communication across the conti From Cowries The Uganda admin- nent. The principal new line is to to Cash istration has been run from Stanley Falls, in the far busily engaged for eastern part of the Kongo Free State, northwestward to the south- several weeks burning cowrie shells ern end of Lake Albert. A second to the value of some £7,000 sterling. line is to fill in the gaps in the up- They now receive and pay nothing per tributaries of the Kongo where but cash, and want to get rid of the cataracts occur, so as to make steam shell currency. It is not such an communication com pIe t e from easy matter, as the natives still Stanley Falls to Lake Tanganyika. prefer shells, and even in the capi- As the British goyernment is al- tal many refuse pice as wages. ready projecting an extension for Where people have been used to a their Uganda Railway westward currency so small as 80 shells to a from Lake Nyanza to the borders penny, and been accustomed to sell of the Kongo Free State, it will things, such as tobacco and coffee readily be seen that soon steam berries, at one shell a package, it is communication will be complete a big jump to make the smallest across the continent. It will then coin a farthing, and it will take a be possible to go by rail frQm Mom- long time to accustom them to the basil" on the Indian Ocean, across change. Of course the Church Mis- to Stanley Falls, the impeding rap- sionary Society will be only too ids on the great river, and thence glad to do all in their power to help by steamer down the Kongo to the government to do. away with Stanley Pool, and thence by rail to such a cumbersome and fluctuating the Atlantic.-The Missionary. money as cowrie shells. In the capital they are doing almost en- Government The Department of tirely without them already. Aid to Mission Education of the Livingstonia This mission lies to Schools governmentof Rho- desia has proposed Mission the west of Lake that the East Oentral African Mis- N yassa, 200 miles sion of the American Board should open a school for European children from north to south and 80 miles in the'town of Melsetter, 70 miles north of the Mt. SHinda mission from the shore inland. The whole region is now a British protectorate,

GENERAL MISSIONARY INTELLIGENCE

and in the pacification of "its wild in the midst of a kneeling crowd, on the left of the royal armchair, tribes never a hostile shot was and the session continues, for we fired. Thirteen different lan- are late.

guages have been reduced to writ- The first minister of Lewanika, ing by the missionaries, ~rammars our friend Mokamba, proceeds to and dictionaries prepared, and the admonish the culprits. He soundly berates, one after the other, the six languages simplified. Six mission topers, who are kneeling at one of centers dot the western shore. In- the doors of the shed. As'he pro- nounces each name, the one ad- cluding wives of missionaries, the dressed has to clap his hands. All those whose name is incidentally mission staff numbers 42, and 25 uttered do the same, which is not without a touch of picturesqueness. missionaries' graves are the mis- One of the two chiefs, the less sion's title-deeds to the field. There culpable, is punished only by the are 90 stations, 450 native teachers, confiscation of a part of his goods and 'of his slaves. He remains 2,000 communicants, 130 schools chief. The other, the most im,- portant chief in the northeast of with 30,000 scholars – sometimes Lealuyi, and the third after the king, is utterly stripped of his three generations on the same authority. He loses his villages, bench! The industrial side of the his fields, his wives, his slaves, his title, and his very name. mission is well developed. The The other 0ulprits are no better natives are trained to be masons, treated. And the sentence is car- brick-makers, carpenters, agricul- ried out off-hand. The unfortu- nates are removed. They have to turists. Pure water is brought to quit the capital that very day, and set out alone. Each may carry with Livingstonia from a distance of him only the wife whom he had three miles. For nine years at first at his arrival, he is commanded not to stop at any village of the the converts were only 2. Last king, and to go to utter forgetful- ness in their native village. It is a year in six weeks there were 230 thoroughgoing exile. Louis XIV. himself was never induced to decree baptisms. a worse against a courtier in dis- grace.-Le Missionaire. The King Our friend, Lewan- ISLANDS OF THE SEA of the Barotsis ika, King of the Barotsis, on the First Y.M.C.A. The May Intercol- Zambesi, among whom the French Conference legian contains an Protestants have a mission, is a in Manila interesting picture very uncertain character, but he of the first Y. 1L seems sometimes capable of very C. A. Secretaries' Conference in rigorous administration. The fol- Manila. These men have shown a lowing amusing instance of it is generalship at least equal to that given by the late Jacques LiEmard: in the regular branches of gov- There was occasion to try two chiefs and four ~ervants of the ernment service. Several secre- king, who had been found drunk in flagrante delicto. Several of them taries travel all the time to the were relapsed offenders, and Le- wanika had resolved to deliver a different islands of the archipelago grand stroke. Accordingly he had neglected no means of rendering where soldiers are quartered, while the sentence of the culprits personal and impressive. buildings have been opened at When M. Coillard and I came Iloilo, Cebu, and many other out on the public place, we saw it lined with groups of spectl'.tors. points. In one month, more than Under every tree, all around the vast Lekhothla, were men crouch- ten tons of books, games, comfort "ing in a line, silent and attentive. In the midst, in the broad sunlight, bags, and hospital supplies, gifts kneeling on the burning sand, the six culprits…. of friends at home, were distributed We install ourselves, sitting alone

through the Manila headqmtrters. and misery among our 40,000 to Evening classes in Spanish, Bible 60,000 cannibals yet in the New classes, restaurants, soda foun- Hebrides. tains, and most of the usual branches of association work are Great Britain has joined in this carried on. action. As a token of his grati- tude, Dr. Paton sent $10 from his Good Cheer After a succession own purse for the uses of the Bureau. from of disasters result- Like Tattoo A South Sea Island- Madagascar ing from the French Ratherthan er, at the close of a Like Clothes religious meeting, conquest of t his offered the followisland, it is pleasant to read these ing prayer: "0 God, we are about to go to our respective homes. words, which were spoken at the Let not the words we have heard be like the fine clothes we wear, late anniversary of the London soon to be taken off and folded up in a box till another Sabbath comes Missionary Society: round. Rather let Thy truth be like the tattoo on our bodies, in- "Then had the churches rest … effaceable till death." and were edified; and, walking in the fear of the Lord, and in the MISCELLANEOUS comfort of the Holy Ghost, were Progress of The Roman Cathomultiplied"; in some such terms might the peaceful progress of the Roman Catholic lic "Society for Malagasy churches of to-day be Missions the Propagation of described. The period of mistrust the Faith" has reand suspicion with which those associated with this society were cently issued from Baltimore a hisregarded has ended, and the French tory of its work, bearing the imrepuhlic recognizes the loyalty of Protestant native churches, and primatur of Cardinal G i b bon s . frankly accepts the labors of British missionaries as contrib- This society should not be con- uting to the progress and enlight- founded with the" Roman Congreenment of their new possession. gation for the Propagation of the No word of complaint now reaches us. For the relief thus secured we Faith," which is a department of can hardly be too thankful. Look- the general administration of the ing back over the past year, the event which more than all others Church, established in 1622. The strikes the onlooker is the resump- society" takes no part in selecting tion of the charge of the elemen- missionaries nor in appointing tary schools in L. M. S. districts. The friendly arrangement made them their field· of work, nor in with the Paris Evangelical Mis- training them for it," and it does sionary Society, having served its immediate purpose, was terminated not concern itself with the interior by mutual consent, and each mission is now responsible for the schools in its own districts.

Abatement Rev. John G. Paton administration of missions. Its of the has written to Dr. aim is "to support missionaries Liquor Curse Crafts, of the Re- who are chosen, trained, and sent in South Seas form Bur e a u, a forth on their mission by the usual letter overflowing authorities of the Church."

with joy and thanksgiving for the The society was organized in passage by Congress of the' bill Lyons in 1822, and only 12 persons prohibiting the sale of liquor to were present at the first meeting.

the natives in the South Seas. He The receipts for the first year says: amounted to about $4,000. Pope When put in force it will pre- Gregory XVI. published an encyvent many murders and much sin clical in the year 1840, recommend-

GENERAL MISSIONARY INTELLIGENCE

ing the society to all churches and in the great and small Asiatic coun- tries that the whole head was sick, placing it in the rank of "universal and that the whole heart was faint. and that without Christ and His Christian institutions." Gospel there is for these people no The following table shows the balm in Gilead. I came to see that in every faith the good has been contributions made from 1822 to lost, and the great philosophical faiths of Asia, in their descent 1900, and gives some idea of the down the ages, had lost the purity of moral teaching with which they financial support that the society started. That there could be no has received: hope entertained of any reform within them, and that if these 1822-France, French Colonies …… $42,076,905 1825-Belglum………………….. 3,701,140 people are to be raised, as we trust 1827-Germany and Austria. . . . . . . . . 5,862,666 and believe they will be raised- 1827-Italy . ….. ….. .. . . … .. .. .. .. 5,260,135 politically, socially, morally, and 1827-Switzerland… . .. . … . .. .. .. . . 775,457 1827-Balkan States…………….. 287,943 religiously-it must be by the 1833-United States………… ….. 1,120,421 Christian faith, for there is no 1883-Canada, Mexico, West Indies. 1,143,476 1833-Great Britain and Ireland.. . .. 2,301,764 resurrection power in any of their 1837-Holland………………….. 1,167,634 own religions. 1837-Portugal.. . .. . . .. … . … …. . . 445,371 1837-Russia, Poland……………. 68,754 Christlike Men After his visit to 1839-Spain …… , .. … . … .. ….. … 523,608 184O-Cen tral and South America.. . 515,706 the Supreme India, the Rev. F. 1843-0ceanica.. .. . . . .. … . … .. … . 85,875 1848-Asia……………………… 74,068 Need B. Meyer said that 1857-Africa ………. ,………….. 256,536 if he were a mis- Countries not named……… 22,558 sionary in this land he would re- Total. ………………. $65,690,017 gard it as his best method of opera- The money collected was distrib- tion to take a dozen Christian uted as follows: young men to be his constant com- America……………………….. $9,973,916 Europe. .. … .. .. . . . . . ….. .. . . . .. … 9,799,854 panions or disciples, with a view to Asia …………………………… 25,932,446 Africa…… …………………… 8,815,953 reproduce all that was best and of Oceanica………………………. 6,011,630 Special gifts.. .. . . .. … … . . . . . . . … 5,156,218 Christ in himself, to impress him- $65,690,017 self upon them and imbue them The missions now assisted num- with the spiri,t which through the ber several hundred. Those in the grace of God he himself possessed.

United States are chiefly among Probably every missionary will the Indians, and Asia has a greater agree that this is a good plan of number than any other continent. missionary operation, certain to Regarding the number of mission- yield good results; it being under- aries in the field, the report says: stood, of course, that the mission- We may safely assert that there ary leader is himself all that he are at least 15,000 priests and religious, 5,000 teaching brothers, and ought to be, possessed of the mind 45,000 sisters laboring as missionaries, not to speak of the priests, of Christ, inspired by the highest brothers, and sisters native to the regions where they work, cate- spiritual ideals, and withal a pracchists and others who make up the personnel of a mission, and the la- tical worker and man of affairs. borers among the Oriental Rites. Probably the estimate is much too How Giving At the Ecumenical small, but be it so. At the lowest computation there are, at the open- Exalts Missionary Confering of the twentieth century, about 65,000 missionaries. the Giver ence in New York, Mrs. Isabella In a recent address Mrs. Moses Smith, Bishop on the in London, Mrs. president of the 'Vornen's Board of World's Need Bishop, speaking Missions in Chicago, stated that from what she her- when addressing one day a mission- self had seen, said: ary meeting in a small church in I came to recognize everywhere Michigan, she noticed in the audi- ence a woman whose whole appear- ance spoke of deepest poverty:

" But," said Mrs. Smith, " there years, and in November, 1898, he was a light in her faded face which was elected. president of Oberlin fascinated me. I took occasion to Oollege. speak to her. Thanking me, she confidentially added: 'Two years B. M. Palmer. When Rev. Dr. B. ago I learned for the first time of of New Orleans M. Palmer, of New women's work for women, and each month since I have been able Orleans, died reto put something into the treasury.' cently as the result of accident, Her bent form straightened, her one of the grandest figures of the head lifted, and her eyes shone as American pulpit was suddenly reshe continued, 'When I have given moved. Even such secular papers my gift I am conscious that I am as the New Orleans Picayune pays no longer simply a part of this lit- its tribute to him as "a grand tle town, or even of this great com- citizen, siIl1miing party politics, but monwealth-I am a part of the thoroughly devoted to the best inf01'ces which God is using in the terests of the people. He was no uplifting of nations.' I stood doubt by far the ablest and most thrilled in her presence. It were potent factor in the history of the useless to ask that woman;f life entire Southwest. The greatest were worth living., The secret of and perhaps best effort of his life the Lord was hers." was against the nefarious Louisi- ana State Lottery. On the subject DEATHS of "slavery as a providential trust to the South to conserve and per- Dr. Barrows, of Rev. Dr. John petuate," he was strangely sec- tional in his views. But he was so Oberlin Henry Barrows, pure in character, so eminent for talents, and so exalted in position, who died in Ober- that even such doctrine seemed, as Dr. Charles Hodge hinted, to lose lin, June 3d, was born in Medina, somewhat of its repulsive aspect when promulgated by him. Like Mich., July 1, 1847. He was grad- Dr. Thornwell, Dr. Palmer held that the pulpit should be aloof from uated from Olivet College in 1867, politics, and commonly his preach- ing was wholly consistent with this and received his theological train- principle. But for evangelical quality and missionary inspiration, ing in Yale, Union, and Andover Dr. Palmer's utterances for half a century have been conspicious. and seminaries. He did educational to the last this grand old man con- tinued to produce fresh, new and work in Kansas for two and a half strikinK discourses, whose power was felt throughout the whole years, after which he preached in South. It will be hard to find suc- cessors of such men as Mark Hop- Springfield, Illinois, and Lawrence kins, William Adams, Richard Storrs, Adoniram J. Gordon, John and Boston, Mass. He traveled A. Broadus, and B. M. Palmer!

abroad for one year. In 1881 he was called to the First Presby- terian Church of Chicago, where he served fifteen years.

Dr. Barrows was the organizer and president of the 'Vorld's Par- liament of Religions held during the World's Fair. In 1896 he went to India to give the Haskellecture for the University of Chicago. On his return he lectured for two

The Missionary Review of the World — January 1896

THE OUTLOOK: SOME SIGNS OF THE TIMES

MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD.

VOL. XIX. No. 1.-0Zd &ries.-JANUARY.-VoL. IX. No. I.-New Serie8.

THE OUTLOOK: SOME SIGNS OF THE TIMES.

,BY THE EDITOR-IN-CHIEF.

Per~tllal vigilanee, is ll()t only tIle price of 'liberty, but tbe condition of all true intelligence and progress. God made the time-worlds. as well as the space-worlds: in the ages as well as in the stars He has a plan, and only he who watches while, he prays discerns the signs of the times, sees the plan of 'God,' and falls, into line with the march of God's obedient, hosts.

If the best chronology is taken ~s our standard, 'this new year is not, 1896, but 1900, of the Christian era, and' marks the closing year of the century. !tis well known among students of chronology that the familiar letters" A.D." do not originally stand for Anno Domini, but fO,r Aera J)ianysii, the era of Dionysius, surnamed Exiguus, the Little, from his small stature. This Roman abbot, originally from Scythia, who died in his monastery· in 540 A.D., was a man of great erudition, and, among other labors, carried on in chronology researches which gave him great celebrity. To this man, who died in the reign of Justinian, is traced the method of reckoning the Christian era which, since theeighlh century, has been, by so-called Christian nations, universally adopted, and which fixes the year of the Incarnation at the 753d year of Rome.

More careful computations, reckoning from at least six different points of observation, like converging paths all lead to one conclusion, that an error of at least/our years has occurred in the J)ionysian era, and that the Incarnation mllst date back to the year 749 from the founding of Rome, which would, according to the current reckoning, be 4 B.C.

For example, as the birth of Christ was certainly previous to the death of Herod the Great, which was just before the Passover, in the year 750 A. u., the year of the nativity cannot have been later than 749 A. u.

Again,John the Baptist entered on his ministry in the fifteenth year of Tiberius, which, reckoning from the latter's eo-regency, would put the Baptist's birth in the year 748 A. u., or early in the next year; and, as there were but six months' ditference in the ages 'of Christ and of His forerunner, our Lord's birth would occur not later than 749 A. u.

Yet again, our Lord Himself said, "Forty and six years was this temple in building j" and the eighteenth year of Herod's reign, when he began the rebuilding, would coincide with 732 A. u. This would make the forty-six years end somewhere about 778 or 779 A. u. If our Lord was then about thirty years old, His birth-year would carry us back to 749 A. u. Other confirmatory testimony, as collated and compared by Dr. Edward Robinson and others, conclusively fixes this same year as the date, so that the year now opening really is the year 1900, and will thus complete the nineteenth century, and introduce the twentieth, of the Christian era.

Might not a correction of the calendar be made in accordance with these facts ~ If Pope Gregory XIII. could reform the calendar in 1582, taking out ten days in October, to restore to its true place in the seasons the vernal equinox, and if Britain could, after one hundred and seventy years'delay, adopt the new style and count September 3d September 14th, why cannot the calendar of Christian nations be once more adjusted, so as to call this new year by its true name, 1900 A.D., if the conclusions of the best chronologists are to be trusted ~ And if so, what a celebration of the birth of Christ should be kept by all the followers of our Lord, as Christmas Day of this year shall complete the full nineteen centuries since the angels sang the nativity chorus over Bethlehem! What a spectacle might be presented to angels and men if there were a representative gathering of all evangelical disciples in the very land where the Light of the world first shone! What if nativity week could be kept at Jerusalem, Christmas Day itself being observed at Bethlehem! the whole celebration marked by the erection in Bethlehem of some permanent memorial, such as a home for common worship for all true believers, a halting-place for pilgrims to and from mission fields, and a center for missionary operations! 'Vhat if, on successive days, there were devout assemblies, presided over by representatives of the different branches of the Church of Christ, such as the Archbishop of Canterbury, Dr. Richard S. Storrs, Bishop J. M. Thoburn, from India, Cavalier Matteo Prochet, of Rome, Rev. J. Hudson Taylor, of China, the venerable Andrew Thomson, D.D., of Edinburgh, William E. Gladstone, and others who at home and abroad are recognized leaders in missions !What a fit way to us4er in the twentieth century, with prayers and praises to Him who was born in Bethlehem in the days of Herod the king! What an incentive to a united and earnest effort to push the lines of holy occupation to the very outermost ends of the earth !

If this be true, that we are on the very verge of the twentieth century of the Christian era, the outlook is commensurately extensive and important. It becomes us to look about us and study anew our conditions, to Ieok back and review our conrse, to look ahead and be rell.dy for new risks and new duties. Without any attempt to exhaust a theme so vast in stretch and reach, we may well call attention to a few of the mere prominent signs of the times, which may be also to us signals of God, some encouraging, others, it may be, admonitory of danger.

1. First of all, it must not be disguised that this is a very critical hour in missionary history. It is about a full century since William Carey's arrival in India marked the starting-point in organized missionary effort_ There is no question in any candid, intelligent mind that the century has shown advance which is not by steps, but strides. What increase of general intelligence as to mission fields, religious systems, foreign peoples, and the biography of the heroes of mission history! What a new era of sanctified womanhood, now organized so widely for promoting acquaintance and cooperation with the work of a world's evangelization! What a marvelous crusade on the part of our young men and women in Christian associations, Endeavor societies, and last, but not least, the Students' Volunteer movement, now, like the others, belting the globe, and undertaking the occupation of all untilled fields! What a new epoch in medical missions, reviving the apostolic method of uniting physical healing with Gospel teaching and winning a way to the soul by ministry to the body! What a handmaid to the voice of the herald is the pen of the ready writer, made vocal in so many tongues by 1~he art of the translator and the power of the press! Who can doubt the drift of all the best nations, which are also the ruling nations of the world, toward the coronation of peace with the diadem of universal empire, by agreeing to arbitration instead of resorting to the arbitrament of war !

These are but a few of the hopeful signs on our horizon. They indicate both the fitness and fulness of times for the speedy occupation of the whole world for Christ, which never before could have been accomplished within such a brief space of time, and make especially emphatic the motto which should be emblazoned on the banners of the Church, "THE EvAN- GELIZATION OF THE WORLD IN THIS GENERATION."

II. We are in the midst of a general agitation in the direction of Church Unity, as it is somewhat vaguely called. The famous Lambeth platform, with its four planks, is a curious illustration of the whole movement. All other churches will be cordially received into union with the Anglican body, provided they subscribe three articles on which there would be no real disagreement, and concede the historic episcopate, which is the distinctive feature of the Episcopal Church. The Baptists, no doubt, arc equally ready for unity with all other evangelical bodies, if infant baptism is abandon"ed and believers' baptism, and that by immersion only, is adopted. This is Church nnity, not by mutual concession, but by one-sided absorption. "The lamb and lion lie down together, the lamb inside the lion." For one church to say to all the rest, " You must be like us if we are to agree," is what Dr. J. H. McIlvaine caIIed "an immoral tone of mind." More recently the Triennial Council of the Congregationalists submits another proposal, in which the sufficient authority of the Scripture, discipleship of Jesus Christ, the one Church of Christ, and liberty in the interpretation of the Scriptures, are the basis of mutual fellowship, cooperation in missions, and the prevention of unwholesome rivalries. 'It This is, perhaps, as wise and satisfactory a basis as any proposed, yet it embraces no confession of the Holy Spirit as the only source of regeneration, and" discipleship of Jesus Christ" is a vague term, easily perverted, which in these days would be held by twenty different sects in as many different senses.

One noticeable feature about this movement toward outward if not organic unity, which will be objectionable to many, is the widespread tendency to embrace if possible not only the Greek, but Roman Church in the alliance j and, in the popular cry for" charity," there is a new difficulty created-viz., the risk of appearing disloyal to love, in seeking to be loyal to the Lord Himself. Sometimes one is compelled to speak out plainly, at risk of being misunderstood, for a politic silence may be tacit consent to error, or even treason against truth. Ve may at least venture to ask a question or two. First, of what use is an external formal unity with internal division and dissension? The Roman Catholic Church is nominally one, but it represents beliefs widely differing. from the practically Calvinistic Jansenists, to the Jesuits who beheve most of all in their own infallibility. The Anglican Church is nominally one, but there is within it a ritualistic High Church, a rationalistic Broad Church, and an evangelical Low Church, and the fiercest war is waging within the ecclesiastical landmarks. Is not a nominal division, with real sympathy and amity, more the unity for which our Lord prayed, than a nominal umon covering a real division?

Some schemes of Church unity would never embrace all Christians. Some, who must be reckoned among the truest and holiest believers, cannot conscientiously join hands with Romanism ; for to them this is a question not of forbearing with minor differences, but of tolerating fundamental errors in doctrine and practice. To ask them to countenance, eveu indirectly, the worship of the Host in the mass, the intercession of saints, penance, purgatory, the abominations of the confessional, the idolatry of the Virgin and Joseph, the infallibility of the Pope, the surrender of the right of private judgment, and the withholding of the Scriptures from the people, is to ask them to wink at ten of the deadliest errors ever known in Church history, and they simply cannot do It. To them, moreover, the papal power represents not only a church, but a kingdom. A church has • The Committee on Christian Unity, consisting of Rev. Drs. W. H. Ward, S. W. Dike, A. H. Quint, and George E· HaJI reported, recommending as a basis of union: 1. The acceptance of the Scriptures of the Old and New Testaments inspired by the Holy Ghost to be the only authoritative revelation of God to man. 2. Discipleship of Jesus Christ, the Divine Savior and Teacher of the world. 3. The Church of Christ. which IS His body, whose great mission it is to preach His GosjlCI to the world. 4. Liberty of conscience in the interpretatiou of the Scriptures and the admiuistration of the Church. Such an alliance of the churches should have regular meetings of their representatives, and should have for its object among others: 1. Mntual acquaintance and fellowship. 2. Cooperation in foreign and domestic missions. 8. The prevention of rivalries between competing churches in the same field. doctrines and ordinances and spiritual laws and a spiritual constituency presumably of regenerate people; a kingdom has a temporal order, with civil laws and subjects, a territory to be ruled and a hierarchy or graded system of dignities. When Protestants are asked, therefore, to acknowl-· edge the papal system, they are asked not only to countenance the very errors against which they once protested unto blood, but to acknowledge as legitimate that wedlock of the Church and State in one body to which may be traced the parentage of a brood of evils of the most accursed character.

Many most earnest believers, who yearn to live in charity with all men and are eager to recognize Christ's likeness wherever found, feel compelled to maintain their separation from some professed disciples, because they seem to them to deny fundamental truths. It seems ungracious to stamp as heresy what so-called Christians hold and teach; but are disciples to be less brave than politicians? Who can withhold admiration from the in- trepidity of Edmund Burke, when he said to the Electors of Bristol: "I did not obey your instructions, but; I did obey the instructions of nature and conscience and truth. I maintained your interests as against your convictions!" If Daniel O'Connell could say, "I am a Cat/tOlie, but I am not a papist," and Pere Hyacinthe could virtually defend the great doctrines of the same Church while sacrificing himself in a protest against its perversions of the truth and unholy practices, why may we not discriminate between the right of a man to hold his religious opinions and our own right to protest against what we believe to be his vital errors!

The whole progress of the papacy, from the days of Phocas until now, has been a process of engrafting pagan errors on a Christian stock. One has only to read the history of Church councils to see how one scion after another was grafted on to the Church, until the original tree was no longer recognizable. Tile growth of papal pretensions may be well illustrated hy the tiara, or triple crown. At first a round cap, John XIII. encircled it with a crown, Boniface VIII. added a second, and Benedict XIJI. a third. And while many Protestants cordially acknowledge whatever truth the Roman Catholic Church conserves, they regard the papacy as a composite system, embracing at least five parts: First, a branch of the Church of Christ, holding much truth and embracing many honest, earnest believers; second, a philanthropic society, abounding in works of charity; third, a political powllr asserting a right to world-wide supremacy; fourth, an idolatrous system, a Christianized paganism; fifth, a Jesuitical organization, using not only secrecy, but falsehood. Now, as Judaism contained within itself representatives of true believers, like Zacharias and Elizabeth, Simeon and Anna, and Joseph of Arimathea, but, alas! also ritualistic Pharisees, skeptical Sadducees, rationalistic ESRenes, secular Herodians; so Romallism is a heterogeneous compound, and any recognition of the faithful few in its communion must not involve sanction of the political pretensions, idolatrous corruptions, and Jesuitical subtleties, bound up with the system as a whole. This is the real position of hundreds who are inclined to charity, but who see that charity is in danger of running into laxity.

To maintain a separation and a protestation for conscience' sake is becoming more difficult, because Romanism is putting on of late years a new front. Witness the attempt at Baltimore a few years since to make it appear that papacy was almost the patron of our republicanism, despite the fact that the allegiance owed by every subject of the Pope to him, as a foreign power, is constructive treason; witness the present advocacy of temperance, popular education, and of civil service reform, in which Roman Catholic bishops are taking the lead, and the widespread activity of the Sisters of Charity-all of which tend in the public mind to obscure the fact that back of all this attractive guise lie doctrines and practices that demand as emphatic a protest as at the Diet of Spire !

If the union of churches could be secured for which so mauy are hoping, what would be the effect on missions? Would not inevitable questions arise on which new separations would be inevitable? Two devoted missionaries in China, one a Presbyterian and the other a Baptist, were so intimate as friends that they determined to undertake a joint evangelistic tour. All was as smooth as a placid stream, until the converts began to multiply and desired baptism; then the tour came to an end, from the simple impossibility of further agreement.

Moreover, it has often been said that a wholesome emulation is promoted by the variety of denominations, and that no one church would ever accomplish an aggregate of service equal to the sum of all now done by many different bodies. And, again, with more force it is argued that variety is the sign and fruit of education; that uniformity is born either of intellectual stagnation or slavery, and that, as soon and as surely as men begin to reason and think for themselves, individuality takes the place of uniformity, as a tree cannot grow without branching, and the larger and fuller the growth the more minute the ramifications. Amid the clamor for church unity it may be well seriously to ask whether any further unity is practicable or even possible than a federation or alliance in which there shall be a cordial allowance for all individual divergences, but at the same time a fraternal cooperation. Thousands of families, with widely differing household life, manners, notions, habits, and preferences may be united in one harmonious state or commonwealth. vVhy may not all evangelical churches, recognizing their agreements as fundamental and their differences as non-essential, work side by side without interference or needless overlapping ~ Meanwhile an opposite tendency, obviously at work, threatens a new schism, or at least secession. Louder and more earnest grow the remonstrance and resistance to the alarming spread of rationalism and secularism in the churches, which is seen even in England and America. Professor Howard Osgood, in the Detroit Baptist Congress a year ago, following an address of a prominent oollege president, wherein the results of the higher criticism were set forth and defended, read a brief statement of the most approved positions now held by this class of thinkers. He then asked if anyone would challenge these positions as unfairly stated j and, after pausing for a reply, astonished his hearers by adding that these statements were drawn verbatim from the writings of the deist Thomas Morgan and the infidel Thomas Paine! He then quoted one more sentence from Paine, which shows to what conclusion these premises led him: "My belief in the perfection of the Deity will not permit me to believe that a book so manifestly obscure, disorderly, and contradictory can be His work. " And yet these identical positions are held and taught tQ-day in Christian colleges and pulpits.

From the days of the Tractarian movement in Oxford, especially, three influences have been jointly operating to compel a new protest and sep&ra- tion of believers from the body of the Church as a whole: First, the ten- dency to rationalism drawn from the German theologians j secondly, the drift toward ritualism and Romanism, as manifested in the Anglican body, and rapidly spreading j and, thirdly, the growing irreverence with which a pretentious criticism is stripping the Word of God of its essential infalli- bility and inerrancy. There are a very considerable body of believers, by no means lacking in intelligence or .piety, to whom this state of things is becoming intolerable j and we greatly mistake if a new secession is not imminent, like that of May 18th, 1843, when five hundred ministers under the leadership of Chalmers laid down their livings in Scotland rather than consent to the interference and control of law courts in church matters. While the air is full of loud clamors for a blending of all churches in one, anotlIer movement, not so superficial, but perhaps even more resistless, is in the direction of separation. There are some left who hold to the 'Vord of God as an inspired Book, an infallible guide j who hold to the Church as composed only of regenerate souls, whose law is to be unworldliness j and who hold to simplicity of worship as the condition of its purity and spirituality j and if the churches as now existing continue to countenance rationalistic teaching, ritualistic encroachments, and secularizing methods j if theological professors are to be allowed to undermine the faith in the Bible, and godless standardR of art and life to displace the Divine ideals even in the house of God, there may be another procession of new Protestants walking some day out of our present Church councils or courts, to rally about apostolic standards and keep alive the ancient faith.

We are not alarmists j but we have seen both in England and in this country influences that are more disintegrating than unifying. When within the very Church of England there is an open and organized movement toward Rome, numbering hundreds and thousands of clerical and lay adherents j when, in dissenting bodies there and their corresponding denominations here, there is an equally open and organized movement toward doctrines which thirty years ago would have ranked any IDan as an infidel, unworthy to teach or even come to Lord's table, it is not a marvel if a discerning eye sees in the sky signs of a new pIotest.

III. The assaults on missions constitute another feature of the times. There are at work two opposing tendencies equally hostile to all evangelical life and evangelistic effort. On the one hand, much that calls itself scholarly criticism is practically the lowering of the Word of God to a human level; and, on the other hand, the various congresses of religions are lifting all religious systems to a Divine level j and between the two the cause of missions is losing hold on the popular mind. For if the Bible be not divinely infallible, its unique authority is gone; and if the Christian religion be not the one and only saving faith, its unique indispensableness is gone j and the command to go into all the world and preach the Gospel to every creature not only remains no longer imperative, but becomes wellnigh impertinent. Let us boldly confront the dilemma which modern criticism and miscalled liberalism force upon us. The assaults on missions get countenance from this double tendency of our times. Once concede that the Bible is a fallible guide, and that the Christ it presents is not the solitary hope of a lost world, and we may as well recall our missionaries. Why should we send thousands of our best men and women to the ends of the earth, at a cost of millions of dollars annually and a dearer cost of priceless lives, if a Divine command does not both justify and sanctify implicit obedience ~ And if all religions are stages in the evolution of a Divine faith and life, differing only in the degree of their development toward perfection, why intrude Christian ideas and dogmas upon people who have the same Divine upward tendency, and some of whom regard themselves at a higher level than ourselves ~ The disturbances in mission fields, especially China, have given occasion to a number of open or disguised attacks on missionary policy, and it has been boldly affirmed that the whole system of modern missions is a mistake. A prominent Scotchman some years since raised the question in Exeter Hall whether it were even proper to waste so many precious lives in evangelizing the Dark Continent; and more lately frequent newspaper articles appear, arguing more or less pointedly against the right or the expediency of sending Christian missionaries to other nations. Some writers contend that it involves needless exposure to the hostile influences of climate and of foreign peoples j others, that it is an invasion of the territory of another faith that has as mnch as any a right to be ; that it is an interference with what Carlyle called the "majesty of cnstom," a collision with prejudices and superstitions as impregnable as the hills, and calculated to provoke resistance and incite riot. While there is a loud caH for protection to the persons of Christian missionaries peacefully teaching the Gospel, it is replied that such violate the right of asylum and forfeit the right of such protection by forcing their Christianity upon unwilling adherents of other faiths. Such plausible arguments are the more amazing when it is remembered that, had they prevailed eighteen hundred years ago, Christianity would have died in its cradle, and would never have lived to become the mother of such millions of believers, with all the thousanu benignant institutions that are the pride and glory not of Christian churches and nations only, but of the race of man! When the first missionaries landed in ,Britain they found savages, and Jerome Ilays cannibals. Every step toward Britain's present leadership in intelligence and integrity, philanthropy and benevolence, was taken in face of hostility. Look at the transformations of the South Seas, and even of Japan; follow the work of McAll in Paris and the French provinces, acknowledged now even by the government to be invaluable as a police measure; survey the whole field of missionary triumph, and where would there have been one step of advance had such counsels prevailed as are now offered in respect to missions !

These assaults on missions strike at the very root of the tree of all evangelism, and the alarming feature is that, so far as they influence the Christian sentiment of the Church, they imply the abandonment of the fundamental principle of missions. The Word of God makes no doubtful testimony. It acknowledges that men hold lords many and gods many, bnt affirms one only Name whereby men must be saved; and it sends disciples forth to proclaim in unwilling ears the Christ who led the way in a mission to a revolted world, and paid the price of His intrusion and invasion into hostile territory by his own blood. Those who prosecute missions are disciples of one Master, whose sacrifice of Himself they expect if need be to share. The world is in revolt against God, and the proclamation of the terms of amnesty and reconciliation will not find ready reception with rebels. But we are to persevere. Love must qualify boldness, but boldness must give energy to love. A mild, meek, amiable spirit, which has no courage of conviction behind it and no energy of resistance; that cannot look hostile courts in the face and say, We ought to obey God rather than men, and cannot bnt speak the things which we have seen and heard; nay, that cannot rejoice in being counted worthy to suffer shame for His Mme, is not the spirit of apostolic times. When God has another Paul and Silas that will carry the Gospel into Macedonia, even if their only reception is the scourging, the inner prison and the stocks, and yet sing praises to God, there may be other eart,hquakes that shall set prisoners free and convert even hard-hearted jailers. Missions with no martyr spirit are not the missions of the Acts of the Apostles.

Saluting our readers with cordial Christian affection, we invoke npon them all a new anointing of the missionary spirit. What the year before us will bring forth only He knows whose chariot rides amid clouds of mystery. But history is big with great possibilities, when hours and even moments witness stupendous changes and miracles of transformation. Let us watch and pray and stand in our lot till the end of the days.

THE MOTIVE FORCE OF MISSIONS

THE MOTIVE FORCE OF MISSIONS.

BY REV. F. B. MEYER, LONDON, ENGLAND, ASSOCIATE EDITOR.

Gregory the Great, summing up the doctrine of St. Augustine, writes as follows: "The holy universal Church is one body, constituted under Christ Jesus its Head. Therefore Christ, with His whole body, both that which is now ou earth and that which reigns with Him in heaven, is one Person; and as the soul is one which quickens the various members of the body, so the one Holy Spirit quickens and illuminates the whole Church. Therefore the apostle says, , From whom the whole body, being compacted and fitly joined together, maketh increase of the body.'" It is here that we shall find the perennial motive force of missions. Not in cogent reasoning, nor in eloquent appeals, nor in the exposition of the results which have been attained during the wonderful century now drawing to a close, but in the intelligent appreciation and accentuation of. the union between Christ and His Church by the Holy Ghost, in virtue of which each member is subject to direct impulses and impressions from the exalted Saviour.

I. PRAYER FOR MISSIONs.-The missionary enterprise of modern times was conceived and cradled in prayer. As certainly as the sources of the Nile have been discovered in the great lakes of Central Africa can the rivers of modern missions be traced to the prayer-meetings of the early Methodists and the call for prayer issued by Jonathan Edwards. All along the line of history the progress of the Gospel has been in exaet proportion to the strength and volume of the prayers of the Church. It may be truly said that prayer has been the Nilometer which has measured the· extent and wealth of the harvests of which the desert places have been made to rejoice and blossom as the rose.

'Vhat a wealth of prayer has ascended to God on the behalf of missions from lonely souls isolated in sick chambers or foreign lands, which could do nothing else than pray; as well as from the Church, gathered in twos and threes, or in multitudes, but exercising her prerogative to bind and loose. !?till it becomes a serious question how the prayerfulness of the Church is to be maintained and increased; a demand which can only be adequately met by considering the true nature of prayer.

In its essence, prayer is the return tide, from the heart of the believer, of the purposes of God, as they are revealed by the Holy Ghost. The moisture of the ocean is drawn up by the sun, transported in the floating cloud-cisterns to the summits of the hills, there it is deposited as rain or snow, and begins to descend again to the ocean from which it was originally extracted. Similarly the prayer which prevails with God is that which emanated originally in the thought of the Father, passed through the heart of the Mediator, and was communicated to uc through the Holy Spirit. Throughout the Scriptures we have many references to Christ's prayer- fulness on the behalf of the Church and the world. On the pages of Isaiah we hear him saying, "For Zion's sake will I not hold My peace, and for Jerusalem's sake I will not rest." In his last discourse He told the disciples that He would pray to the Father for them, that He might give them another comforter. And in the Epistle to the Hebrews He is depicted as the great High Priest who ever lives to make intercession. The high priest in the old dispensation often entered the presence of God with the names of the people on his heart, the seat of love, and on his shoulder, the seat of power, and once a year, with a bowl of blood and sprig of thyme in his hands, pleaded for the entire nation. Vhat more vivid portrayal could there be of the ceaseless inter_ cession of that High Priest, who was once manifested to bear the sin of many, and who now appears in the presence of God for us !

In the days of His flesh He pleaded for His Ohurch, as in the sublime intercessory prayer of John 17 j for individu,als, as when He said, " Simon, Simon, Satan hath desired to have you that he may sift you as wheat; but I have prayed for thee j" and for the world, as when He first assumed Ilis high-priestly functions, saying from His cross, "Father, forgive them; they know not what they do." Thus· He pleads still. For His Church, for His apostles, whether ministers at home or missionaries abroad, and for the world that lieth in the wicked one He says, "Father, I pray for them." Perpetually from His lips pours forth a stream of tender supplication and eutreaty, which makes glad the city of God.

We have been too much accustomed to think that these pleadings of the Divine Master are set in motion by the strong cryings and prayers of His saints on earth, and that He is simply the intermediary and spokesman of His Church, according to the sublime vision of the Apocalypse, where the mighty angel mingles much incense with the prayers of saintf', which He offers before the throne.. But probably the truth lies deeper. It is quite true that He prays in heaven the prayer we pray on earth, winnowing them of their selfishness, and asking what we would ask had we fuller light; it is also true that all successful prayer must receive His endorsement and authentication ; but it is a deeper truth that our best prayers are borrowed lights, the echo of His voice, the after-glow of His vision, the reflection of His eager desire. The body of Christ is brought into agreement with the Head by the Holy Spirit, who communicates to it by a quick sympathy and intention the thoughts and desires that are passing through the Savior's being.

Ve have two Advocates, one with the Father, Jesus Christ the righteous, and one with us. As the one went up the other came down. As the one sat down at the right hand of the Divine Majesty, so the other sat in emblem on the heads of the twelve and in the Upper Room. As the one ever liveth to intercede in heaven, the other makes intercession in us for the saints and. for sinners, with groanings that cannot be· uttered. This is the clue to the mystery of prayer. It is all important that the Church on earth should be in accord with its Head in His petitions before the throne. And this accord is secured by the Holy Spirit. On the one hand He fills the Head, on the other the members. There is one Spirit of Life between Jesus in the glory and His believing people everywhere. One tide of life-blood, one system of nervous tissue, one ocean washing the shores of the metropolis and of the tiny seaport.

Let us be still, therefore, and listen carefully to the voice of the Divine Spirit speaking in our hearts, turning from all other sonnds toward His still small voice, and He will tell us all. Coming, as He does, from the heart of Jesus, He will impart His latest thoughts and convey to us His mind. In Him we have the mind of Christ. Then we shall know what to ask for. Indeed, we shall be swept along on the mighty current of our Lord's petitions. And when, in obedience to His Father's invitation, the Son asks that the heathen should be given Him for His inheritance and the uttermost parts of the earth for His possession, we too shall fin~ ourselves praying for the same things in holy unison. Thus prayer goes in an eternal circle. It begins in tIle l1eart of God, comes to us through the Savior and by the Spirit, and returns from us again to its source. It is the teaching of the rain-drops, of the tides, and of the procession of the year, but wrought out and exemplified in the experience and practice of holy hearts.

H, then, prayer for the great missionary enterprise is restrained and formal in the individual or the community, it is symptomatic of some flaw in the fellowship of the member with the Head; let ns not deal with the symptom, but with the disease which is secretly at work; let us seek, above all things, that living union between the Head and the member through which the Holy Ghost can impress 011 us the thoughts that ani. mate the pleadings of the Divine Man on the throne, then we shall ask exceedingly abundantly according to the power that worketh in us. As Jesus pleads for individuals, we shall become burdened allOut them; as He pleads for native churches like those which cost Him so much anxiety in Asia ]finor, we shall plead for them; as He cries of persecutors and murderers, " Father, forgive !" we shall cry aloud for them also, and the result of such united petitioning will be, as of old, a Pentecost, sweeping those very men to the foot of His cross.

II. MISSIONARY ACTIVITY.-What a blessing Christ's earthly ministry must have been to thousands of sufferers! He passed through Galilee and Judea as a river of the water of life. In front of Him were deserts of fever blasted by the sirocco, malarious swamps of ague and palsy, and the mirage of deferred hope ; but after He had passed, the parched ground became a pool and the thirsty land springs of water, the eyes of the blind were opened, the ears of the deaf were unstopped, the lame man leaped as an hart, and the tongue of the dumb sang. Turning to His disciples before He left them, He told them that similar works should follow them that believed on Him. They should cast out devils, speak with new tongues, take up serpents, drink deadly poison without hurt, and lay hands on the sick for their recovery.

But there were symptoms, however, throughout our Lord's ministry that He did not look at these as the greatest and best results of Ilis mighty energy. He forgave the sins of the paralytic man, borne of four, before He bade him walk ; and told the seventy to rejoice more that their names were written in heaven than that they had cast out a few demons. " The works that I do shall ye do also; and greater works than these shall ye do." That the apostles became increasingly aware of the same distinction i.s clear from the small space given in the Acts of the Apostles to their miracles compared with the greater attention concentrated on their discourses.

There is evidently a parallel to be drawn between the works wrought by the Lord during His human life in the physical sphere and on the bodies of men, and the greater works wrought through His Church during the present age, in the spiritual sphere and on the immortal destinies of men. Did the Lord give sight to the bleared eyes of the blind @ The Church is sent to open the eyes of the spiritually blind, that they may turn from darkness to light, and from the power of Satan unto God. Did He raise the dead ~ The Church may stand at the sepulchre, where the dead soul lies entombed, and cry, " Awake, thou that sleepest, and arise from among the dead, and Christ shall enlighten thee!" And as the Father led Him forward to ever greater works, so that the raising of Lazarus was a greater work than that of the daughter of J airus, we may expect that the wonders wrought in the spiritual sphere through the Church will grow in Importance and momentous issues till the close of the present dispensation. We shall yet see a nation born in a day. But what is the source of these greater works 1 In the Lord's ministry it is clear that the source of His never-ceasing activity consisted in the impulses which He was receiving constantly from the Father. He worked out what the Father wrought within to will and do of His own good pleasure. On one occasiol1, when challenged by His critics for working a miracle on the Sabbath, He replied, " My Father has wrought up to this moment of time. I am only working as He bids and prompts." Not only was He ever regarding the evolution of His Father's plan, but was ever conscious of the impulse of His Father's energy. To use His own words, He lived by the Father. This supplies the clew to the possession on the part of the Church of unceasing zeal and energy for missions. "Ve must depend on Christ, our Head, for the forthputting of His energy as He depended on the Father, who is designated by the apostle the Head of Christ.

For the. body of Christ to be stirred up to enthusiasm and endeavor in missionary enterprise by eloquent appeals from missionary platforms, by touching incidents that appeal to the emotions, by all the machinery of the modern missionary board, is like imitating the movements of life by the convulsive twitchings of nerve and muscle under the impulse of electricity. As soon as the current ceases the paralyzed limbs fall back into their former apathy. Where there is health, and the Head can exert its will on its members, there is no need for magnetic appliances. As the Father wrought through Christ for creation and redemption-for the un. folding of the history of Judaism up to the fullness of times, as well as for the works of His earthly ministry-so Christ is prepared to work through His people for those greater works-greater because what affects eternity must be greater than what affects time; greater because the soul is greater than the body, as the jewel than the casket j greater because the worm that never dies is more intolerable than cancer, the fire that is never quenched keener than fever. And where we are in living union with Him there will be no let or hindrance j but the goings forth of His mighty love to the salvation of men will pour through us with irresistible momentum.

Weare now in a position to understand the reasonableness of expect. ing greater works from the Church than were ever wrought by the Head. Clearly the Church has an argument to present to men which even her Master could not use. He could not point, except indefinitely, to the cross, its flowing blood, its testimony to a love that the cold waters of death could not stanch j nor could He count upon the cooperation of the Spirit in His convicting power as we can, but neither of these reasons will account for the greater works that have marked the progress of the Church through the ages.

Perhaps au illustration will best explain this further reason. Suppos. ing the great painter Raphael were to infuse his matchless power, as he possessed it during his mortal life, into some young brain, there is no reason why the genius of the immortal painter should not effect, through a mere tyro in art, results in form and color as marvelous as those which he bequeathed to all coming time. But suppose, further, that after having been for three hundred years amid the forms, souls, and colors of the heavenly world, he could return and express his present conceptions through some human medium, would not these later productions be greater works than those which men cherish as a priceless legacy ~ So, if the Lord were to work in His servants such works only as He did before He ascended to His glory, they would be inferior to those which He can produce now that He has entered into His glorified state, and has resumed the power of which He emptied Himself when He stooped to become incarnate. This is what He meant when He said, "Greater works, because I go to the Father."

The one cure, then, for lethargy of action or apathy of interest on the part of the Church is to be found in that profound word with which the Epistle to the Hebrews closes: "The God of Peace make you perfect to do His will." The better rendering would be " articulate, or put you' in joint." The members of the body of Christ are apt to become dislocated or stiff, hence the need of apostles and prophets, pastors and teachers for the articulating of the saints unto the work of ministering to the world.

A MISSIONARY ROMANCE

If we are in living fellowship with the Head He will work through us to fulfil His divine purposes. If, on the other hand, we are not used for the execution of those purposes which undeniably exercise our Lord during the present age, and which He is hastening to realize, we must attribute the failure to some break in the living union, some flaw in the connecting nerves.

Let it not be said that these considerations tend to quietism. They do, indeed, lead to the cessation of those fussy activities which are always abortive, but they tend to the increase of all those high Christian activities which never fail in their execution or design. The Apostle Paul could not be accused of quietism; he wrought more abundantly than all the apostles, preaching the Gospel from J ernsalem as his centre to Rome as his circumference. vVe have it in his own words that he strove according to the Divine energy which strove in him mightily. Christ wrought in him to make the Gentiles obedient in word and deed.

There is nothing, therefore, so much needed at the present time as a renewal of the belief of the Church in the Holy Ghost, and a larger measure of reliance on Him in its prayer-meetings and activities. Let us wait more persistently and constantly upon Him j let us make more room for Him j silent that He may speak j expectant that He may work j and surely as there was the early rain at the beginning of this dispensation there will be the latter rain at the close. When the whole body is in vital communion with its Head, new inspirations for prayer and work will begin to pour into its being and through its members,for there will be a repetition on a far larger scale of the spiritual results of Pentecost.

A MISSIONARY ROMANCE.-I.

CAPTAIN JAMES VVILSON, THE FIRST VOLUNTEER OF THE LONDON MISSIONARY SOCIETY.

BY GEORGE SMITH, LL.D., C.I.E., F.R.G.S.

Of the long roll of men sent forth by the London Missionary Society, which recently: held its first centennial commemoration, from Dr. Van_ derkemp down to David Livingstone and Chalmers of New Guinea, the first is still the most remarkable. He was James Wilson, ship captain, infidel, prisoner of the French, of Hyder Ali, and then, by the grace of God, the first to volunteer as a missionary to carry the Gospel in the good ship ])uff, which he helped to purchase, to the islands of the Pacific Ocean. The story of Captain James Wilson is unique in the history of Christian missions, so full of holy heroism and romance.

A century and a half ago a Captain Wilson sailed his ship in the trade from the great English port of Newcastle. The father of nineteen chil~ dren, he could not afford to give them much schooling, so he-brought up the boys in his own ship under his own eye from their earliest years. His youngest son was James, who thus lived at sea, amid influences of the worst kind, at a time when the mercantile marine of Great Britain was at its lowest moral point. When the war with America began the youth sought a career on land, in which his love of adventure could be gratified. There he served j there he took part in the battles of Bunker Hill and Long Island. The close of the War of Independence set him loose for other deeds. Returning to England, so good a sailor and fighter found no difficulty in securing a mate's berth on one of the East IndIa Company's famous traders and passenger ships. The high spirits of the youth and his knowledge of navigation commended him to his messmates and his officers alike j but he had not been long at Calcutta when he found that money was to be made, as well as a reputation to be gained, in the local mercantile or transport service j for that he left the East Indiaman.

These were the days of the war with Republican France and with the Mohammedan ally of the French, Hyder Ali, succeeded by his son, "Citizen" Tippoo. The great colonel, afterward Sir Eyre Coote, had defeated M. Lally at Wandewash, had ~aptured the capital of French India, Pondicherry, and had been rewarded by a seat in the Bengal Council, when the bungling soldiership of the British generals in South India summoned him to meet Hyder Ali, then close to the very walls of Madras itself. Captain James 'Vilson again and again ran the blockade which the French Admiral Suffrein for a time established on the Madras Coast, carrying military stores and supplies to Sir Eyre Coote. In 1780, when Hyder Ali burst on the Carnatie, Warren Hastings knew that the very existence of the East India Company was threatened, and spent millions to wipe out the disasters of Governor Whitehill and Colonel Baillie. Thrice Coote defeated Hyder Ali under most difficult circumstances, and all the time Captain James Wilson was running along a dangerous coast and up little known rivers to feed his force with the munitions of war. Courage and skill were never more successfully applied than by this Newcastle sailor, whose marine and military adventures extended from Bunker Hill to Negapatam in the East Indies.

At last, Wilson's over-boldness, when as usual attempting to pass the French fleet with military stores for Admiral Hughes, who had spent all his ammunition in a sea fight with Suffrein, led to his capture. He and his men were carried to the French prison at Cuddalore, where he found the crew of another British ship. Life was tolerable enough for the officers till the French commander received an order from Admiral Suffrein to deliver up all his prisoners to the tyrant Hyder, who had deliberately purchased them for three hundred thousand rupees, or a hundred and fifty thousand dollars. The commander and his officers were indignant at the baseness of the transaction, but they had no alternative save obedience. Wilson determined to save his own life. Carefully observing the ramparts of tho fort as they rose from the river, he resolved to drop down at n~ht­ fall and find his way to the nearest British force. A brother officer and his Bctig'ali servant agreed to accompany him. The place of rendezvous was fixed, and the hour, being seven o'clock, when it became dark and the guard was changed. .

After waiting for the other officer, who did not appear, Wilson let himself drop down forty feet into the water below, striking, however, his chin upon his knees, and making a splash which, he felt sure, must have alarmed the sentries. After a little he found his way to the dry land at the foot of the wall, and there received his slightly-built servant in his arms safely enough; but the lad conld not swim, and the fort is in the midst of a network of rivers and backwaters. Thrice Wilson, with the Bengali on his back, had crossed the mouths of the Coleroon, and thcy were already within hail of Porto Novo at its principal entrance, when they were challenged by one of Hyder Ali's sentries. Plunging into the tidal current, they were soon involved in the breakers, which so frightened the native youth that Wilson returned to the shore, and sent him off to a friend. Again crossing the estuary, he found a canoe, in which he hoped to reach the Danish settlement of Tranquebar. Instead of this he was discovered by a party of Hyder's troopers, who stripped him naked, tied his hands behind him, fastened a rope to them, and drove him before them under the burning Slln some forty miles to his old prison. There he was chained to a British soldier, and thence the miserable band were marched on foot some two hundred miles to Hyder's capital and fortress of Seringapatam.

The horrors of that captivity have been described in more than one of the military biographies and histories of Great Britain. It was there that the famous Dnke of "Vi'ellington began his exploits when, at the close of last century, the fortress was captured and Tippoo Sultan fell fighting.

Only in one other instance have these horrors been exceeded, when Nana Sahib butchered the English officers, their wives and children at Cawnpore in 1857. As if James Wilson had not suffered enough, he had yet to undergo much more misery, compared with which death itself were better.

But God had great designs for him and by him, tho he knew Him not.

First of all, Hyder Ali himself offered him and the other captives liberty and rewards if they would enlist in his army and profess Islam. If not, they were threatened with tortures, long and lingering. Some are said to have yielded. Not so James Wilson. Tho ignorant of Christian truth and religious principles, he was a brave and patriotic man, who had fought his country's battles and valued her civilization. He refused, as the majority did, and was at once ordered to prison with a body of a hundred and fifty-three Highland soldiers of Colonel McLeod's regiment. Irons to the weight of thirty-two pounds were put upon him, and he was chained to a fellow, similarly loaded, night and day, Many a time when one of the two died the survivor remained thus attached to the festering corpse. In an open court-yard, exposed to the cold wind by night and the fierce sun by day, and starved till they feared to put a finger near their mouth lest they should bite it off, hundreds of Christian captives thus lay, and rotted, and died in the gloomy years of war in which, in South India, the eighteenth century closed. To add to his sufferings, Wilson was seized with dysentery, known as the bloody flux, which was a scourge of the foreigner in the tropics till the discovery of the ipecacuanha treatment forty years ago. Death seemed at hand, and he would then have died as do the beasts j but again God's longsuffering prevailed, tho he knew it not. Exchanging his miserable rice diet for a small and cheaper millet, he unconsciously effected a violent cure. -When only thirty out of a hundred and fifty-four survived, after such a captivity of twenty-two months, Sir Eyre Coote inflicted the third defeat on Hyder Ali, the few captives were released, and Captain James Vilson found himself in Madras, penniless and impenitent.

He gladly shipped as a mate to Bencoolen and Java, where, when at Batavia, the putrid fever, which was so fatal to the Dutch, well-nigh carried him off. He never got rid of the effects of his awful captivity, but he persisted in his trading, became part owner and captain of the ship, and at last achieved the fortune for which he had been working so long. After more than one relapse, and all along ignorant of or indifferent to the Divine hand which held his soul in life and was gradually preparing him for the highest form of service to the Master, he resolved to retire to England. It is a curious coincidence that John Thomas was surgeon of the East Indiaman in which he sailed. That first of medical missionaries, who was about to draw William Carey away from the islands of the Pacific, on which the Northamptonshire shoemaker had set his heart, to Bengal, made James Wilson only more determined in his infidelity. Neither by the persuasiveness of his speech nor by the gentleness of his life did he, Dr. Thomas, lead to Christ the man who so closely resembled him in temper and in adventures. The two disputed about religion, and mere controversy seemed to drive James Wilson farther from Christ. Thomas remarked after one of these disputations that he had more hope of converting- the heathen or Mohammedan lascars of the vessel than Captain Wilson. So it is that still, as in the days of our Lord and the twelve, some of His followers would call down fire from heaven. 'What a lesson to missionaries in all ages and lands, at home and abroad! Wilson landed at Portsmouth, bought a house and garden at Horndean, in Hampshire, asked an unmarried niece to be his housekeeper, and soon became known in the country round as "a worthy gentleman who had retired to affluence and ease from the East India service. "

He was only thirty-six years of age, and was so well satisfied with himself that he had no conscience either for the teaching of Providence in his past eventful life and preservation, or for the warnings of Scripture, which he did not believe to be a revelation from God, or for the example of his gentle niece, who sought to win him to faith and service. He was a Deist of the old school, and he gained so easy an intellectual victory over one of his neighbors, Captain Sims, a godly man, that he became confirmed in his scepticism. Vanity and pride so filled his heart that he turned God's goodness to him into an argument for the conviction that he was a special favorite of the Deity. But tho unable to give the self-suffi- cient and worldly captain any other reason for his own belief in the Bible than this, " He that believeth hath the witness in himself," Sims did not cease to care for his neighbor's sou!. Accidentally, as it seemed, Sims had his minister, Mr. Griffin, of Portsea, -with him as a visitor on a day . when he was asked to dine with Wilson, and the minister was)ncluded in the invitation. Sims saw his opportunity. Recurring to former debates, he appealed to his minister as, to a man equal to the controversy. Mr. Griffin deprecated discussion in such circumstances, lest he should be sus- pected of being present by some underhand arrangement. This only stimu- lated Wilson, who said: "I am glad of the opportunity to converse on the evidences of the so-called Divine origin of the Christian Scriptures, and I never met the clergyman yet whom I could not foil in a quarter of an hour." Thus challenged, the young minister accompanied his host to the garden, leaving Captain Sims with the niece and a lady friend, who was also a believer. It was a July sunset in a cloudless sky, when the work of soul-enlightening, soul-winning began. The Holy Spirit was with the young theologian, who had first silently invoked His power, according to promise. Step by step the two wrestled to this conclusion, pressed home on Captain Wilson with singular modesty but assured firm- ness, " If you reject the remedy provided by God, remember there is no other, and you may be finally wrong and finally miserable." As Sims approached them in the evening twilight, he said: "Has he convinced you, captain 1" to which Wilson replied: "I wiII not say much about that, but he has said some things I shall never forget. " He begged for a reading of Major Burns's" Christian Officer's Panoply," which he had before scoffingly returned to Sims, who had pressed it upon him, and he began to search the Scriptures for himself. He went to Mr. Griffin's service in Portsea on the next Sunday, when the prayers and the preachings alike opened his heart to the teaclling of Paul, in the eighth chapter of his Epistle to the Romans, as to how God had predestinated men to be conformed to Himself in His Son. The next sermon showed how those whom He did predestinate He aL'Io called, and Wilson sawall his past life in the light of that revelation. After solitary agonizing from darkness to light, the proud Deist, now a humble and joyful believer, visited Mr. Griffin to tell him this: "I have no language to express the happiness I now feel. The gratitude I owe to God will, I hope, be expressed in the life I have yet to live by my zeal in His service bearing some proportion to that which I 'have manifested in the service' of Satan." The two joined in magnifying the grace of God. In 1796 James Wilson became a member of Orange Street Chapel, Portsea, and the good work was completed under his friend's preaching on the eleventh chapter of the Epistle to the Hebrews, when he fully comprehended that he had been saved to be the means of saving others. " What," he now ever asked himself, "has my faith induced me to do for others ~"

The London Missionary Society had been founded the year before; its first Secretary, Dr. Love, and his directors had resolved to begin operations in the new island world revealed by Captain Cook in his three voyages, and they appealed for volunteers to go forth as the first missionaries. Captain James Wilson was the first to volunteer. He placed himself, his marvelous experience, and his fortune practically at the disposal of the society. All his worldly plans and visions vanished in the light of the heavenly vision, to which he was no longer disobedient. After continual journeyings to and from London, distant from his home sixty miles, to make preparations for the voyage which he was to conduct, he sold Horndean and went up to London, where he established his niece. On June 28th, 1796, he purchased the ship Duff for five thousand pounds, and on August lOth she sailed from the Thames under this resolution, "That a mission be undertaken to Otaheite, the Friendly Islands, the Marquesas, the Sandwich, and the Pelew Islands, in a ship belonging to the society, to be commanded by Captain Wilson, as far as may be practicable and expedient. " Thus was the missionary sea-captain made for the mission by the Spirit of God, and began the work of Christianizing the islands of the sea, which had so long waited for His law, even during the seventeen Christian centuries since the British Isles first heard the good news of God. The story is told in that now rare quarto volume, published in London in 1799, "A Missionary Voyage to the Southern Pacific Ocean, performed in the Years 1796,1797,1798, in the Ship Duff, commanded by Captain James Wilson. Compiled from Journals of _the Officers and the Missionaries, and Illustrated with Maps, Charts, and Views drawn by Mr. William Wilson. With a Preliminary Discourse on the Geography and History of the South Sea Islands, and an Appendix including Details never before Published of the Natural and Civil State of Otaheite, by a Committee Appointed for the Purpose by the Directors of the Missionary Society. "

How Wilson and his thirty missionaries fared, and what has sprung in the first century from that expedition, we shall see hereafter.

A Hindu woman wrote to Victoria, Empress of India, recounting the many terrible wrongs under which the women of India labored and pleading with her to have them righted. With the recounting, the burden of their wrongs came on her afresh, and in bitterness of soul she crilld; "0 God, I pray thee, let no more women be born in this land."

THE FOREIGN MISSIONAItY WORK OF THE SALVATION AltMl'

THE FOREIGN MISSIONARY WORK OF THE SALVATION ARMY.

BY ROBERT E. SPEER.

The Salvation Army is a missionary movement. It has been so from the beginning. Its leaders were sent of God, and the movement which they established has known but one thing-its mission to the lost; but the lost are in every land, and it is impossible to confine to anyone land any movement which seeks to bring back to God the masses of His lost ones. Every living movement is a missionary movement. As a recent editorial in the Pittsburgh' Times on the missionary enterprise succinctly stated : " A party which should content itself with supremacy in a single State would quickly fall into decay. An idea worth entertaining is worth push- ing, and the more energetically it is pushed abroad the more influence it will command at home." And back of this is the mighty propulsion of the order of the risen Christ.

The Octobcr number of The Conqueror reports in Australasia, 482 corps and 1527 officers; in Sweden, 175 corps and 658 officers; in India and Ceylon, 186 corps and 584 officers; in France and Switzerland, 111 corps and 421 officers; in Denmark, 70 corps and 267 officers; in South Africa, 55 corps and 195 officers; in Norway, 63 corps and 267 officers j in Holland, 61 corps and 282 officers; in Jamaica, 34 corps and 57 officers; in Germany, 21 corps and 68 officers; in Finland, 17 corps and 58 officers; in Belgium, 14 'corps and 34 officers; in Argentine and Uruguay, 10 corps and 41 officers; in Italy, 7 corps and 29 officers; in Japan, 15 officers; in Icelto!nd, 4 officers; in Spain, 3 officers; in British Guiana, 3 officers; in Great Britain, 1217 corps and 4283 officers. In the ,main, fields have been avoided where officers would have to acquire a new language in order to be of service. "A Year of Grace, ,. one of the publications of the Army, declares of China: ",Ve have not as yet seen Ollr way to add to our existing responsibilities by attempting an attack on this vast empire," and suggests, as explaining the slow progress in South America, that the officers sent out from England h!lve to learn the Spanish language.

The most interesting field in which to observe the missionary operations of the Army is Indi!l, where the Army has been at work for thirteen years, and where it reported for the year 1894, 188 corps and 3513 ont.. posts, with 6 training garrisons for native cadets, 322 officers, 184 cadet~ in training, 13,573 soldiers, 73 schools for children, 3 Homes of Rest for sick officers, 4 Rescue Homes for Vomen, 1 Prison Gate Horne, and 1 fll:rm colony.

The Army's supreme method is direct, enthusiastic assault upon the strongholds of sin. It sets about these assaults with the instinct of victory which Bishop Thoburn, in "The Christles.s Nations," declares to pe the only justifiable Rpirit in the missionary army. ",Ve who are at the front," he declares, and Commissioner Ruhani.Bai would agree, " have no other thought than winning the battle in which we are engaged. We never expect to lower the banner which has been placed in our hands, and as the years and ages pass along we confidently expect the strongholds of sin one after another to be beaten down, and temples of righteousness to rise upon the right hand and the left." The reports of the Army work in India are full of this fervor-e.g., "A Year's Advance," page 30 : " Enthusiastic welcome of colonel to the Cape. Huge crowd at two days'

soldiers' meeting. Vadasary feast to 300 village children. Two days'

officers' councils closed with half-night of prayer, everybody wonderfully blessed and cheered. Thalakudi Barracks opened. Three babies dedi- cated to God; 500 people praying and 50 souls seeking salvation at mass open-air meeting." Or this description of a meeling, from the same report, page 25 : .. Soon after five o'clock the troops began to arrive and take up the positions allotted to them. The ground was admirably situated for making a successful demonstration, the meetings had been well announced, and it soon became appar· ent that there would be a large crowd. By eight o'clock nearly all the soldiers were present, one lassie officer whose corps is situated seven miles off bringing in one hundred soldiers with her. Lively singing, the firing of bombs, letting off of fireworks, the beating of drums, and a stick dance were all brought into requisition to fill up the time before the arrival of the colonel. It was quite late when the welcome news reached the waiting crowd of some fifteen hundred people that the colonel was on the ground. She had no sooner taken her seat than tremendous volleys rent the air, and soldiers from each corps marched up to the front, presenting her with garlands, until the colonel was buried in flowers. This over, Ensign Yesu Patham was called to tbe front and gave out a. song which,'accompanied by plenty of hand.clapping and a lively jig from some of the most enthusiastic and boiling-over soldiers, went with a proper swine. Prayer followed, and in connection with tbese meetings nothing has been mOTe remarkable than to see the crowd of men and women, whu until lately were devil·worshlpers, all on tbeir knees, and in audible voices following the leader of the meeting in prayer to tbe living God. The meeting now commenced in real earnest. A testimony from a well-known late devil-dancer, in full Salvation Army uniform, was very interesting. He had been a worsbiper of twentythree different deities. or devils, and was much in requisition by the villagers around when they were visited with an epidemic. and his gainR from these ignorant people were often large. He was also a great drunkard, swearer. and wife· beater. but was now well saved. a Salvation Army sergeant. and living in peace with his wife and all otbers in the village. Another devil-dancer from Ilindiadi, before giving his testimony, made his way to the front and presented the colonel with a quantity of relics from the temple which they had abolished since becoming Salvationists. These were mounted on a board, and consisted of the knife used for killing fowls or sheep, which the people would offer to appease the wrath of the devil. the anklets worn by the devil-dancer when dancing. the temple bell and tripod. This gift was gracefully received by the colonel amid tbe tremendous enthusiasm of hundreds of recently converted devil.worshipers. When this had somewhat subsided, the colonel said she was glad to see them. She had loved them before seeing them. and now she was actually with them, to receive this reception. so much beyond ber higbest expectations, she felt she loved them ever so much more," Mrs. General Keer, whose husband had formerly been for many years . in the Indian service, a daughter of the Rev. Dr. Somerville, who went to India in 1893 to see the work of the Army for herself, testifies to the accuracy of this representation. "The roar-shout of welcome when Muthabaranum introduced me was tremendous. I felt as if I would die of the sudden and overwhelming noise. Native voices and instruments, women's whistles, drums, and all combined and acting from heart-earnest- ness-yon can picture the awful thrill the noise occasions. They placed a lovely wreath round my neck. The contrast between the savage bar- barism of themselves and their customs and these lovely wreaths-the very essence of grace-is remarkable." "After the meeting that night they had a salvation dance with sticks, singing redemption, deliverance words all the time. It was a beautiful thing! A set of eight men with short batons tramped it. They strike their sticks together like swords.

This dancing used to be for the devil, with arrack; now it is for God.

They do it once a week in the moonlight. I never saw the sense before of ' Praise Him in the dance.' It was really eight Davids dancing before the Lord. It was as distinctly native in time and tune and action and style as possible. " The enthusiasm of the Army's work and its distinctive methods are perhaps not better illustrated than in the Boom Marches, of which the following is a description from "Behold their ·Walls," the report of the Indian work for 1894 : .. A Boom March meeting is a very interesting affair, I can assure you, and if you will accompany me in these pages. I will take you to one. The village of C – is selected for an attack, and announcements of our intention are duly made by our pioneers. who go on ahead to arrange the meetings, test the feelings of the people, and in general smooth the way for the troops to follow. By even· ing the head of the march is spied by a sentinel posted on the lookout. Soon some thirty or forty red· jackets, with banners flying and bugles braying, sweep through the narrow streets to the public square. All the village is gathered. The place is lit up, and a cot, covered with some gay cloth, is put in a conspicu· ous place for the chief gurus or officers to sit on, so that the pleased people may look upon them. As soon as the chief gurus enter they are received with a tremendous volley. The meeting is then started by some well·known tune, which every one can join in. Earnest prayer is offered, while all kneel with closed eyes. Definite testimonies are given, with soul·stirring bright singing in between. The interest never flags for a single moment. No yawning, no going to sleep there. Men, women, and children all wide awake, until at last the leader rises and lays the choice before the people of Christ and His service, with persecution in this life, and in the world to come life everlasting, or the devil and his service, with darkness and eternal misery hereafter. A solemn hush falls over the eager, listening faces. Heart strings tighten, for many, many are in the valley of decision. There is no having to ask the people to kneel, • just to please us ,- they understand that if they kneel with us they are ours, to share henceforth our persecutions and our wrongs. It means their ceasing to worship the devil or go to his temple. It means accepting our Christ, to be known from this time forth as Salvation Army soldiers. Hallelujah, the shout rises, as they, one by one, .towly yield. .. Soon every officer is down among the people, praying with some, pleading with others, and pointing others to the cross. Soon shouts of victory are heard everYWhere, for great has been the slain of the Lord. The converts are then instructed, the officers introduced as theirs, and are, if possible, left in the village the same night. And thus we sweep on, in each place leaving behind some one to shepherd the sheep, and rejoicing nightly over fifty or sixty, it may be one hundred, one hundred .and fifty, or two hundred precious souls seeking salvation, until our supply of officers runs short, and we are obliged to stop opening for the time being."

The Army faith claims the conversion not of single individuals only, but of villages and communities. The report for 1893 defines this as the proper faith for an Army officer : " A Salvation Army officer In a village, tho apart from the town and all its advantages, feels as happy or more so than anyone else possibly can, and living in a barracks made of mud and thatched with cocoanut leaves, sometimes in a small room attached to it as officers' quarters, devotes his time entirely to the salvation of the whole village. The village is not, among others, uninfested with thieves, drunkards, harlots, cattle-stealers, cock-fighters, devil-dancers, gamblers, etc., so he plans and schemes how he can reach them and point them to Christ, who can change their live8 of sin. The program of work for the week is before him, and before commencing to do anything, he, in the night, gets under a tree in the jungle, and there with his lieutenant, if he has one, spends some hours in close communion with the Lord, and gets a mighty baptism of his power and love, which makes him desperate for Jesus in the fight.

"His whole ambition now is to speak to the people of the love of Christ. Visiting and War Ory selling is a wide door opened for him to accomplish his purpose. He spends at least eighteen or twenty hours in visiting during the week. Of course he cannot visit as many houses as he can in a town, as the houses are scattered about here and there. Yet he does not pass one house without trying, in some way or other, to be a blessing to its inmates.

"Begging is another favorite means of the village officer. This he does almost every day of the week. By this means he reaches the hearts of the people he cannot gain by visiting and War Ory selling, wins their sympathy, and shows them that he is entirely depending upon them, whose spiritual and temporal welfare he is living for. He not only makes the people willingly help the work of the Lord, but makes his corps self-supporting, and thereby lessens the burden of the headquarters."

Of bona fide village conversion, Mrs. Keer unqualifiedly testifies: "Oh, if you could have just seen and heard those givings of testimony, you would not have doubted whether these villagers, converted in a lump, were saved or not I" "I have only one thing to say about the movement here, and that is that it is purely Pentecostal and beyond all human nnder- standing. The whole village is converted I" Of another village the re- port for 1894 says: "To-day in that village every soul is a Salvationist, and at their own desire Christian nallles have been given them." The reports and Mrs. Keer's letters alike are unqualified in their statements as to the genuineness of these conversions. "It is a real movement of God's spirit," writes Mrs. Keer, " as remarkable, and much more so, than the Irish revival, because these are heathen brought to God in fifties and hundreds, and they stand well, and snfier, and give, and astonish their caste neighbors and co-pariahs." In vigorous language" Behold their Walls," page 15, declares: " Tobiah to the front again. God bless you, Tobiah! Howl and gnash your teeth, but it will all be vain: the walls of fair Jerusalem are rising! One of the Nagercoil Tobiahs or Sanballats stated in a London paper that no such con- version of entire villages had taken place-at any rate, none to his knowledge. We take this opportunity of asserting not one but many such cases have taken place, where all the inhabitants have publicly abjured demonolatry and accepted Christianity, joined the Salvation Army, and to-day are not unsuccessfully learning to fully follow Jesus Christ as their God and Savior."

The reports do not suppress, however, statements which are of anxious interest to the careful missionary student. " Behold their Walls," pages 12, 28, and 73.

" Only lately a fearful famine faced hundreds of the poor, helpless villagers ; but their new gurus, the Salvation Army officers, had the satisfaction of obtaining work from the government for them at a very fair rate. By the kindness of friends they were also enabled to give food to many, old and young. They also fed hundreds-I mean, kept them alive-by boiling rice and giving them the congee made into a sort of rice soup." "In the above village (Nairug) every soul reckons as either a convert or soldier. At one of their big national festivals, when it is customary after cooking special food to offer it to the gods before eating it, they all brought their food to the officer instead, and told her to pray and bless it fer them. 'As we have forsaken our gods,' they said, 'you must be to us in their place.' One of t.he men, finding his wife had been to the temple to go through the customary ceremonies at the festivel, thought it his duty to reprove her for it by a good beating." "The wild ;:~&ik soldiers have increased to five hundred; and the Army among them has gained a new name-that is, , Red god8.' "

With all this aggressive evangelistic effort, however, there is not wanting, as the statistics already quoted have shown, an enlarging emphallis upon educational and institutional work. " 'Ve have been forced," says "A Year of Grace," page 54, "to combine a measure of educational work on behalf of our own people, confining ourselves to merely elementary and useful knowledge, and adding to this such a system of warm spiritual influence as to keep the great question of the salvation of every pupil perpetually to the front." And page 5 : "If it be indeed true that the hope of a nation is in the cradle, it is difficult to exaggerate the im. portance of this department of religious enterprise. It has often been remarked th::t in the most sweeping revivals of the world the best and largest results have been reaped among the young." In the Cape Comorin District twenty-one primary schools were reported, which, says" Behold their "Valls," page 14, "strengthen the people's belief in our permanent stay among them, and proves to them that we mean to teach, help, and elevate them, as well as to alleviate their hard condition in life. This assurance was necessary in the face of interested and reiterated statements made by the Tobiahs to the contrary." There are also Rescue Homes, a large and widely sought dispensary, and a farm colony of 557 acres. It is to be hoped that the experience of the Salvation Army in this last particular may be more encouraging than the experience of the missionary societies with the Christian village system has proved. The Army does not share the views of many of its advocates in this country, as to the uselessness of schools. "A Year's Advance" describes the school at Sabamarti as " one of the most promising features of our present work, ",hich bids fair to become one of the best grounds for training the future Indian leaders of the great Salvation Army."

The Army has not overlooked the necessity of the development of selfsupport, as " A Year's Advance" shows: .. The month.of February was made memorable by the launching of a scheme that had long been contemplated by our general and commissioners-that of selfsupport-the success of which Is very largely due to the strenuous and untiring efforts put forth by Staff-captain Isu Charan, who, for the time being, was told off to introduce it.

" The full meaning of self-support is the entire cost of any given work met by the people for whom the work exists, including cost of management and all the expenses of the different headquarters, as well as the supply of food and clothing to the officers in the village corps, and the payment of the corps expenses; but progress has not yet been made so far as this. At present efforts are being directed to get the people of each village, both saved and unsaved, to keep their officers supplied with food and clothing. Much more than this has been done in many corps in various parts, but there is yet much more to be done.

"The system of self-support that was adopted was simple, and in accord with the ideas of the people. Each soldier was expected to give one pice in cash or one sir (about a pint) of grain per week per family for the support of their officers. This was to be quite separate from the usual collections in the meetings. The village was divided into wards, and for each ward a local officer appointed to see that every soldier therein gave his pice regularly. These gifts were to be given to the corps treasurer, by whom they would be delivered to the captaiu after the amount had been entered in a book. Copies of the Jangi Pokar (Gujarati War Cry), containing the rules of the system, were posted up in each ward and in the sergeants' houses, so that the soldiers should become thoroughly acquainted with the scheme. It was found that much more money was given, in proportion, than grain, altho our people are so poor.

.. Staff-captain Isu Charan, writing a few months later on the subject, ' Selfsupport in Gujarat, Past and Present,' gave the following summary of their position in this respect : " , Gujarat is coming out victorious after a struggle long and hard, and of such a nature that those who loved it most had their faith and strength sorely tried. Self-support, or rather support of the stationed officers by the local soldiers, is the thing which was thought impracticable. For even this much, without the support oC superintending operations, the leaders prayed, and toiled to make the thing understood and carried out. The low-caste soldiers are poor, and accustomed to the Idea, In the Christian religion at least, that the rich sahlbs come to give to them. Outsiders said that our Gujarati officers would all clear off and never return if they had not to go to the sahibs for bread and butter, but to the people for bread only, and that uncertain and poor. Those officers have had to suffer to win-many were dismayed, not seeing so clearly as the gener,.l and others the absolute dependence upon these lines of not only the impport of the workers, but the very chance of all the soldiers working out their own salvation (not working for it). Some Gujarati officers left under the first struggle for support; s'till, on the whole, we never knew any people endure so well. We foreigners sometimes thought we saw the turn of the tide, sometimes not. We waited for the people themselves to decide it. That is what they are now doing. Hallelujah! Family officers have returned. Cadets are coming in again, and our total is higher than ever it was.

" 'The people of the villages, saved and unsaved, never before showed so much confidence in God's army, or listened in such numbers to its teachings. In the Bhll districts the officers have food given them and laid up for the monsoons, and they are preparing to do without even clothing allowance. With the increase of the work, as great a mountain as ever remains to be faced in the carrying on of its superintendence; for the local needs the soldiers have to add works to their faith, and for the general supervising operations, that rupees may come fast enough, we have to add faith to our works.' ..

Even among these poor, the blessing of self-denial has been earnestly taught. The feature of Salvation Army work in India which has received most attention has been its adoption of the manners and customs of the natives, with the self-sacrificing devotion necessary for this purpose and the econ- omy in the conduct of mission work which has been supposed to result from it. "Behold their 'Valls" tells of the introduction of the Army's work into India by Commissioner Tucker, who at the outset set the ex- ample of attempted identification with the people.

" The year 1882 stands out star-like in the annals of our glorious Army's history, dawning as it did a new epoch in its ethics, eternizing the Pauline doctrine of ' all things to all men,' as was emphasized in the person of our beloved Commissioner Tucker, who, like St. Francis of Assisi, wandered about barefooted, a voluntary outcast from wealth and pleasure, till he became to India's people what St. Francis was to his-that is, an embodiment of holy, consecrated humanity. A. little drop of the same Divine love had fallen in the commissioner's heart, and constrained him to become poor for India's sake, to take upon himself the garb of a poor fakir, that, by being an Indian to the Indians, he might happily win a few."

Native names were adopted by the foreign officers. Miss Booth, now Mrs. Booth-Hellborg, is called Ruhani Bai j Miss Barrington became Cap- tain Adarawanti, and Major Grundy became Major Eshwar Das and mar- ried a Hindu wife_ Mrs. Keer is especially enthusiastic over this adoption of native customs: "I watched a Salvation Army officer wash his clothes in a river where sometimes tigers come to drink. It was moonlight, and I could easily see how the practiced hand brought the cloth heavily down at a particular angle on the stone, so that the work was rapidly and effectually done. It struck me that. I had never seen or heard of a settled European missionary in India washing his single change of raiment before. Why need such an elementary style of life be adopted? Then I had a new view of the elastic and wonderful devotion of the Army. In particular districts its officers wash in rivers or tanks, be they clean or foul, that they may the more effectually become one with the poor people, who have so washed their clothes from time immemoriall The simple cloth and jacket and turban are hung up to dry 'and put on again without any ironing."

One of the fruits of this poverty is the necessity for begging, of which Mrs. Keer writes without concealment. "The Army begs at each port on board the ships, and is so poor in its headquarters that it would really be a cruelty in me to misrepresent them. The men-officers, and frequently the women, if not in ill-health, coming from India to Ceylon, travel steerage-deck-entirely, and it is awful with a lot of coolies on board in a storm! The hardships of the Salvation Army in India no one can fathom in imagination. I am glad I bave seen a little of their sufferings. I am ever increasingly filled with wonder at tbe Army." She berself wrote on October 30th, 1893, that she had not had a shoe or stocking on since she arrived on the 13th, but that, however, she was unable to eat the hot curry of the people, but had cold fish and tea. After a few days' experience in the work, and having slept two nights in a mnd hut, Mrs. Keer wrote: "By this time I utterly and forever had decided that this was the way to do, if you wanted to get at the people." All this, however, she believes to be worth the cost. "Wholesale crucifixion to likes and dislikes, and a determination never to come down from the cross, would be the only way to begin and continue. Yet, certainly, Europeans can't do continuously all that natives do. The Army has had to modify much, but it still is, far out of sight, a native thing beyond any other mission in the land." "As Ambai said to me: ' No one knows what they will haye to go through when they come to India j but all who do the work say it is lovely, and worth the cost of personal feelings. The life at headquarters, being sort of English, none of the village officers enjoy.' For my own part, I do think village life in some ways less unpleasant than life at these headquarters in a sort of a fifth-rate European style, mingled with some objectionable native conditions." "The Salvation Army is the hope of India because it lives crucifixiou and holiness."

The Army in India would seem not to be overlooking the necessity for proper training. Village young men and women are gathered into the training garrisons or are stationed out in villages under the immediate eare of some experienced officer, and weekly or oftener are gathered at some district center for regular instruction. The understanding, at least in Gnjarat, is that cadets will receive no salary, and only such sustenance as can be raised among their own soldiers. Of course the organization is monarchical. "A ride of some twenty-eight miles from Poona," says "Bchold their ·Walls," page 26, "brings us to Major Yuddha Bai's headquarters, where she reigns and rules as Queen Ahsolnte. Her division contains at present 4 sections, with some 13 corps manned by 24 officers, 10 candidates, 149 soldiers, and a miscellaneous following of some 305 recruits.' , This would seem to he in miniature the organization of the whole Army, over which the general is supreme, and throughout which his jnftuence is unmistakably felt. "Behold their W aJls/' page 8. " Throughout the whole of our Indian territory rang the battle-cry: • General expects evel'y man to do his duty.' So Madras answered the call by gathering her forces together and starting the campaign with a half night of prayer. And it was this little muster, while hearts were melted and weighted with the load of eternal tlIings, that formed the daring plan of capturing one hundred prisoners from the enemy. God was great, their cause righteous, so they must expect great things, yea, do great things; so they resolved to add to their jubilee honors by raising fifty soldiers and bringing fifteen cadets to the Training Home. So with faith that laughed at impossibility, backed by prayer and hard work, they led an attack on the forts of darkness, capturing 124 prisoners, recruiting 71 soldiers, and swearing in 22 cadets. Glory to God !"

The optimism of the Army's work finds ample expression in its reports, as does also its consciousness of self-sacrifice. " Behold their Walls," page 6. "Between that ever-memorable year 1882 and this 1894, stretches a vista of twelve years. If the area of those twelve years could be focused on paper, brought panorama-like before the eyes. of the world, what a sublime spectacle would it present! What spanless oceans of unselfish, loving service, what spanless seas of victories, gilded and garnished by unvoiced sufferings! How full of those tender sunlight and shadow touches, that waken music in our hearts, when we read the story of Him who walked by Galilee." Or" A Year of Grace," pages 49 and 50 : "No one who has given any time to examining the fabric of heathendom, colossal tho it be, can hesitate to believe that it is daily approaching a complete and universal collapse. In a few decades at most Buddhism, Hinduism, Mohammedanism, and fetishism will be as completely wiped out of existence as the Druidism of Great Britain. Looked at from a lteathen standpoint, Christianity has somewhat lacked the enthusiasm, the coloring and demonstration which the Oriental mind associates with ilie declaration of his religious convictions, and it has maintained a foreign element, or aspect, which has been distasteful to the national prejudice. In these respects the Salvation Army has appeared wonder· fully to supply the missing link, and has presented Christianity in such a manner as very largely to obtain non-hostile consideration."

These quotations from the official reports of the Salvation Army are set down out of kindliest sympathy with the Army, to give a clearer under- .standing of its work, with which all friends of missions have great sympathy, and for which they desire every success, however solicitous they may be as to particular features of the Army's operations and methods. It must be borne in mind that Major Jai Bhai, who has been in India about thirteen years, has had a longer experience than that of any other Salvation Army officer in India ; so that there has in reality been time for no one of the leaders of the Army in India to enter very fully into an understanding of the thought of India and the life and language of her people. And there are some features of the work of the Army which, in the judgment of many, it would be desirable to have modified. One objection made in India to the work of the Army, writes a careful observer from Calcutta, is that " it does not insist on baptism (and that is the only thing that keeps back many natives. Hindus can do everything Christian except be baptized or take communion without breaking caste). In their reports of conversions, they count everyone who says he accept.;; Christ asidl:l from his willingness to be baptized. It is a question whether in native communities the Army does not do distinct harm by recognizing as Christians those who refuse to obey so ,definite a command as to be baptized." In his little book on " Christian Service among Educated Bengalese," Rev. Robert P. Wilder speaks of an interview with Mrs. Booth-HcUborg, in which he told her of the way in which many students who seemed to be on the threshold of making an open Christian confession, fell back on the plea that the Salvation Army does not baptize, and asked: "Are not the friends and members of the Salvation Army Christians ~ If they do not regard baptism as essential, why should I regard it so~" Mrs. Booth· Hellborg's defence was: "If baptism were so important, God would have revealed its importance to my sainted mother and to my good father. "

"I do not think," adds Mr. Wilder, " that the Salvation Army leaders and sympathizers in Europe and America realize how seriously they injure Christ's cause in India by disobeying His plain commands concerning baptism and the Lord's Supper. Missionaries in India are practically unanimous in the belief that baptism is the test for educated Hindus. A Babu mar cease worshiping idols; he may neglect the Hindu Shastras and read the Bible; he may believe in Jesus and confess Him openly by word of mouth-all this will not make an outcast of him; but the moment he is baptized persecution begins; then, and only then, he Is regarded as really a Christian by his Hindu friends. "

Complaint has been made against the Army also because of its trans- grelilsion upon territory already comparatively well occupied by other mis- sionary societies, and for its apparent willingness to enter into competition with these other societies, even to the extent of diverting their converts and native helpers, while there are still large regions wholly unoccupied.

The report for 1894 states that" the Tittuvilli District has been the most successful of our fields so far." And yet of this very district Mr. Duthie, a missionary of the London Missionary Society at Nagercoil, writes : " Tittuvilli. let, me remark, is a small district under a native pastor, whose head station is six miles from Nagercoil. It is a rice·growing part of the country, with a considerable number of pariah villages. The IJondon Missionary Society has been working there for many years. The pariahs there were in slavery when the missionaries came, and were set free by them many years ago. Much labor and money have been expended upon these people. Every village has been visited by our preachers hundreds of times, and great numbers in the courS6 of these years have been brought under the influence of the Gospel. We have now in Tittuvilli 15 congregations, 1773 adherents, and upward of 1000 children in our schools. Tittuvilli and Nagercoil districts have had more Christian workers for many years than can be found in any other country districts of India of the same size. Let this fact be noted. Yet this is the locality upon which the Salvation Army has been concentrating its forces for the past three· years, their work in numerous other places having been abandoned.

" But I proceed to state a few particulars illustrative of their methods of working in Tittuvilli; and, that there may be no mistake, I give names of places and people as far as possible. At present the Salvation Army work is carried on there by about fifty·seven officers or agents in fifteen villages, only four of which were purely heathen. In every one of the other eleven the London Missionary Society has been working for many years. The people of one village, called Velankadu, consisting of sixty-seven adults, was reported in the War Cry two years ago as having become entirely Christian. According to the 0'1"1/, they had all become Salvation Army' heroes j' but when inquiry was made, soon after the statement appeared in print, not a Ollristian could be found in the place. Up to this time, also, that village is entirely heathen. The headquarters of their work is at a village called Talikudi, which has been a London Missionary Society center for many years. They have a meeting-house there within two hundred yards of the London Missionary Society chapel. Fifty-six of our people have joined them, of whom fifteen are employed as ' gurus,' or agents, and in that one village, while the London Missionary Society has one evangelist, two schoolmasters and two Bible-women, the Salvation Army officers are nineteen in number.

" In Puliady there are no heathen, all are London Missionary Society Chris· tians; yet recently the Salvation Army went in there also and conducted meetings. At South Arasankuli, which has but one street, where the London Mis· sionary Society has been working for a long time, meetings were held on October 3d by Major J aikodi. Flags were displayed in three places. one fiag being opposite the London Missionary Society chapel. The two 'gurus' working there were formerly in London Missionary Society employ. One, called Asseer, got four and a half rupees j present pay in Salvation Army, seven and a half rupees. At Chekkadi the London Missionary Society has forty Christians. The heathen there number about thirty-seven. The Salvation Army has begun work in that village also. In fact, as our native missionary states, where there is a Christian congregation, and eRpecially where there are people who have backslidden or have been excluded from the London Missionary Society communion from any cause, there the Salvation Army goes and begins operations.

" As to their methods of working, a favorite plan is to visit just before the London Missionary Society worship begins; to express a desire to have prayer in a house; and in this way to make attendance at the regular service a matter of difficulty or impossibility. Sunday work, after worship, is allowed, which no doubt is a recommendation to some. Moreover, efforts have been made which have been successful in several instances, 1 regret to say, to entice our London Missionary Society agents, as in Coimbatore, to join them on promise of higher pay. A dis· affected deacon (Varempettan) of one of our churches has been taken on as a • guru,' and draws seven and a half rupees per month. Rival schools are established in some parts within a. quarter of a mile from the London Missionary Society schools.

" Our native pastor complained 0. short time ago to Yesubatham, staff-cap. tain, of some of these things, and particularly about their enticing away our agents by offering them higher pay. The reply was that he was not aware that anything of the kind was going on, and that he should make his complaint to officers of lower grade.

" As to TittuviIli, truth compels me sorrowfully to say, after two or three years' experience, that instead of being what Christian workers everywhere would rejoice at, a valuable evangelistic agency to' raw heathen' in thousands of places in India as yet untouched by the Gospel, the whole method of Salvation Army proceedings there is well calculated to provoke strife, to cause divisions in Christian congregations, to unsettle Christian workers, to foster the caste spirit. to lead to the disregard of the Lord's day and the ordinances of the Lord's house, Christian people at home and elsewhere, who support the Army, being mean. while led to believe, by a system of reporting which has been &hown over and over again to be utterly hollow, and worse, that the Salvation Army is gloriously marching on to victory, • raw heathen' in t7wu3ands being swept into the Chris- tian ranks, when, in fact, no such thing takes place. But to collect a crowd by means of torches, a band~ shouting and dancing, is, in this country, and espe- cially among the easily excited pariah people, the easiest thing possible. The abandonment of idolatry and becoming steady, patient disciples of the Lord Jesus Christ is a different matter altogether."

This same difficulty and other possible perils of the Army's work are kindly but firmly treated in an earnest and dignified letter, which was issued in 1889 by the missionaries of the nine societies at work in Madras.

.. The work of the Salvation Army in India has been much extolled by some , critics, and attempts have been made to claim for it a measure of success far greater than that which has followed the missionary work of the societies; but such attempts have been made on wholly insufficient grounds.

.. The statistics of the Army for India have not been tabulated with exactness, and its official reports have not placed before the public all the facts on which a true verdict should rest. While we earnestly desire the success of every mis- sion agency, which in the spirit of Christ seeks the salvation of India, we are compelled to state that in South India the work of the Army has not been suc- cessful. Recent statistics, and statistics are the approved and applied test of the Army itself, show that its adherents, few of whom are really the result of its own work, are decreasing in number. It has swelled its ranks with the converts of other churches, who have not been improved by the transition, and many of them hltve again returned to their own folds. The whole of its work has been done within areas under process of evangelization by other societies, and only where churches have been planted and work firmly estabIlshed by other mission agencies have Salvation Army agents planted themselves, and only to exert a disturbing infiuence on existing churches. By such a course only, unjust and objectionable as it is, has it been possible for the agents of the Army to exist in India. Compelled by their rules to seek local self-support, they have found it easier to exhibit their need and appeal with success to Christians than to appeal to Hindus, and in this way they have diverted funds from other Christian work. Only the merest fraction of their support has ever come from non·Christians. Tho there are many districts in which from want of laborers no missionary work is done, the Army has carefully avoided these. It has been compelled to seek the common necessaries of life first of all, so that the choice of fields has been determined not by the spiritual needs of Hindus, but by the material needs of the Army.

" It has been affirmed that the agents of the Army have been able to come into closer sympathy with the natives of India than missionaries do, and that they have done this by discarding the dress and customs of Europeans. Both these statements are incorrect. For at least two centuries the Englishman has been a familiar figure in India. To this generation he is now almost as familiar as the Mussulman. To Hindus his dress seems to be even attractive. While no Hindu dreams of adopting the Mussulman costume, thousands of Hindus are now adopting the English dress; it is impossible, therefore, that what is familiar and attractive can at the same time be specially repellent. All who know anything of human nature will agree that not by a particular dress, but by intelligence and true sympathy, do we find access to the hearts ot men. Soul must touch soul. And eating curry and rice with one's fingers and wearing long hair are poor substitutes for a knowledge of the language and thought of Hindus. We are certain that the weight of intelligent testimony entirely confutes the Salvation Ai'my statements on this matter.

.. Following the assumed success of the Salvation Army, the question has been raised, 'Could not a cheaper European agency be employed with advantage in the mission field?' To this we reply that any European agent who is efficient and who is duly maintained will be useful. With regard to the Army, however, we would point out that the cost of its European agents in India has never been made known. Further, it should be noted that the number of deaths among them has been exceptionally large, and the number of those laid aBide by sickness very great as compared with other mission agents. By death, by sickness, or by retirement from mission work, the number of its agents has baen terribly reduced, and we attribute this alarming waste and unnecessary wear and tear to the way of living imposed on the agents of the Army. Again, the average stay 'of these agents in India is notoriously brief, and since most of them have never become acquainted with the vernacular, their value as effective agents is more than doubtful. The plan of operations which the Army has adopted, and according to which its agents are compelled to work, is such that while all the disabilities and risks peculiar to life in India are needlessly multiplied to them, there has been no compensating gain in efficency or in power; and since Christianity is not Hinduism, why an English evangelist in India should resemble a Hindu beggar is not evident.

"In eaprit de corp8 and in completeness of consecration to the work which they are sent to do, the agents of the Army have our sincere respect; and because we desire to see the Army no longer a parasite, but a powerful and permanent missionary agency, we would urge attention to the following points-viz.: " 1. That a higher standard of intelligence be fixed for its European agents. "2. That begging, as now practised, cease to be compulsory. " 3. That they be not compelled to denationalize themselves by renouncing European dress and customs. " 4. That its work be dune in fields chosen in consultation with other societies, so that unnecessary friction and waste may be avoided. " 5. That its agents receive an allowance sufficient for their support. " 6. That, since influence is cumulative, the itinerant system be less violently practised, and agents be permitted to remain for a longer period in places where they are calculated to be useful."

The Army is not unaware of these criticisms, as passages like the following from "Behold their Walls" indicate: "Vith a heart broken, melted, and permeated with this Calvary love-this Christ essence-Commissioner Tucker was commissioned by General Booth to build a wall of salvation around India. And in spite of the caviling, envious Sanballats (critics), Tobiahs (churchmen), the Ashdodites and Arabians, of difficulties, sicknesses, hatred, and persecution, a fair and goodly wall is being raised, a grand portion of which already encircles sun-bedazzled Hindustan, and embraces many a village in storied Ceylon. So the walls are rising, the burned stones from the heaps of rubbish are being revived, while our poor little two-legged Sanballats (critics) waste their precious God-given time and talents in writing columns for the devil's manual of misstatements and distorted truths. We wish them joy in their dirty work."

NEW FORCES FOR MISSION WORK

It· is greatly to be desired, however, that the Army will not so flatly refuse advice kindly proff!Jred to it by men of as great earnestness of spirit as its own officers, of much deeper acquaintance with India, her languages, her religions, and her people, and with a much longer missionary experience. The true friends of missions believe that the Army has a place in missionary work, that it stands for some valuable principles. Some of them agree with Mrs. Keer that "sad harm has been done to converts by missionaries who taught natives European ways. A harvest of extravagance and worldliness is now being reaped in native Christian circles in cities, directly traceable to this mistake. " The Army stands for neglect of hampering conventionalities, for the instinct of victory, for simplicity of method, for the need of a present and complete salvation from sin, for an indigenous, self-denying, self-supporting, selfextending Christian organization. It needs to be careful, however, lest its divine impulse degenerate into martial enthusiasm j its self-sacrifice into self-satisfied and pharisaical asceticism. It should work with the other missionary societies rather than as their competitor and antagonist. It should beware of mistaking a change of clothing or of song and dance for a living faith in Christ. It should inquire whether much of its militarism is not as European as the ways of which Mrs. Keer complains, and is not likely to be as fruitful of harm. It is felt by many, also, that the Army needs in India wiser and stronger management. The discipline of the Army needs to be better adapted to the needs of the country, and there seems to have been wanting that harmony of view among its Euro. pean officers which is the condition of the fullest blessing of God. Many friends and helpers of the Army's work, also, have been unable to suppress a feeling of regret at the boastful tone of "Behold their WaIls j" and while they pray that the Army's work may be ever more and more successful in every land, they do not fail to add the petition which has been the strength of the Moravian Church, "From the unhappy desire of being great, good Lord deliver us. "

NEW FORCES FOR MISSION WORK.

BY ERNEST B. GORDON, BOSTON, MASS.

The present century is westering to its close. It has been, by com· mon consent, the very culmination of all the centuries, prolific beyond previous conception in all fields of human activity. It has been also a century in which the Divine hand has made itself felt as never since the apostolic era. It has been a century of opportunity. It has been a century of expansion. It has been a century of intensive religious experience, too, as well as of extensive missionary operation. It rose upon a world lying in the shadow of death. Darkness was upon the face of the deep'. Whole continents were not so much as explored, t4I say nothing of being opened and evangelized. It closes upon a world clear in every direction to the advance of Christendom-a world the farthest points in which can be reached in a few weeks by Christian agencies. It closes with a missionary movement unparalleled in its successes-a movement whic~ is yearly gaining strength and tidal propulsion; for India is trembling on the brink of a landslide; Japan, after reaching the farthest point of reaction, is turning again with redoubled energy toward Christ; Africa is ablaze in a hundred points-in Uganda, in Basutoland, in Madagascar ; Russia is being honeycombed with a vital nonconformity; China is entering upon an era of Renaissance in which the patient labor of a generation of missionaries will doubtless now reap its full harvest. World over the fountains of the great deep are breaking up. 'VorId over one finds indications of great, solemn, incomparably important changes. Christianity, in fulfilment of the Divine program, is becoming a universal religion. The Gospel of the kingdom is being rapidly witnessed to throughout the world.

When we turn, however, to the home agencies in this earth-wide work of evangelization, we find much that is discouraging. America and England, in common with the commercial world at large, have been suffering from serious and long-continued financial depression. From such epidemics Christians are, of course, not quarantined, and the practical effect on the operations described above has been that which naturally results from shrinkage in income and retrenchment in plans. Not a missionary board but has been aftlicted with the incubus of deficit. Not a local church but has received its quota of circulars describing the pressing urgency and sore need of the executive committee directing at headquarters. The resources of the churches are ample. The wealth of Christia~s has been too often dwelt on to need restatement here. It is in sense of obligation and in extent of spiritual vision that their poverty lies. Without an enrichment in these directions it is doubtful whether the repeated recurrence of these periods of distress can be warded off.

Pending such an enrichment of the inner life of present-day Christianity, we must cast about for other means of carrying on the appointed work. It is an open question to the writer whether or not, in view of the extraordinary changes in the world since the days of J ndson and Martyn, the method of conducting Christian missions is not in a large degree archaic. Conditions were such in the early part of this century as to make unavoidable the substitution of "send ye into all the world" for the received version of the passage. Such an interpretation is by no means so pertinent nowadays, when the whole world is open to alien residence and accessible at the shortest notice. To distribute Bibles in Rome fifty years ago meant imprisonment or worse; to disembark on Japanese soil meant the loss of one's head; to undertake mission work in three countries out of four was equivalent to martyrdom. Long distance w.ork was then a necessity. It behooves us now, however, in view of these changes, to inquire whether we are really working with the right end of the lever. Is it not possible that the distressful financial situation has a lesson in it for the Christian Church ~ And may not that lesson consist in a new emphasis on the personal equation, the return to a literal and personal interpretation of the great commission ~ This doubtless may seem hazy and impractical to many readers. Consider a moment. The last federal Congress passed legislation looking to the imposition of a tax on incomes. This, as all know, was set aside by the courts. Suppose, however, that the law had stood, that the assess- ments had been drawn up, and that one could have gotten free access to the lists. What a story would they not have told us! 'Ve should have there read of hundreds of thousands of incomes contribnting less to the work which Christ set us to do than to the Government at Washington for its new ironclads and improved ordnance. If we could get more precise information, we should learn that all up and down the land are scattered Christian men and women, with incomes little or large, yet sufficient for support, whose interest in this great epoch- movement is confined at most to an annual subscription and to a diligent I attendance upon missionary meetings. To such we address ourselves. They constitute the reserve force, the landwehr, which should be called into immediate action. The representative system cannot last much longer: A missionary propaganda conducted solely by proxy will soon be felt to be an anachronism. We need a new RefOl'mation, which shall emphasize the universal missionary function as the German Reformation did the universal priesthood of believers. A general movement, a Christian diaspora, can alone cope with the gigantic needs of the situation. The destruction of Jerusalem scattered'the brands which.fired the whole Roman world. The exile of Stundists has in our day been instrumental in the diffusion of the Gospel through much of Central Asia, Siberia, and Asia Minor. Is it possible that Christians of England and America need the heavy hand of persecution before starting on the mission which has been entrusted to them as to chosen children ~ The paid missionary should be to the Christian Church what the picket is to the main army. Steadily has he advanced; farther and farther has he pushed toward the enemy's lines. Has he now the requisite support- ing column at his back? Have the numerous outlying regions which he has reconnoitred and cleared been occupied 1 Is the work of the Chris- tian Church accomplished when she has thrown far out in front her thin line of missionaries ~ Are there not thousands with sufficient to support themselves comfortably in Palestine, in Japan, in Egypt, and elsewhere, who are instead taking their ease in the quiet and safety of the home Church? Now and then one finds independent workers in the field-in the Church Mission in India, for example, and in the China Inland Mis- sion ; but could not these be multiplied by hundreds if the situation were clearly brought before the minds of home Christians? Would it not be possible to establish a League of Self-supporting Volunteers, to organize a Bureau of Information which should supply intelligence of the particular needs of different fields,. and advice concerning cost of living, safety of person, climatic conditions, opportunities for Christian companionship, etc.? Could not volunteer substitute teachers in this way release for more distinctly evangelistic work those engaged in teaching history and mathematics and English in mission schools? Could not such enlist for short terms-five or ten years-not committing themselves necessarily for life residence?

Everybody knows how ubiquitous is the trader in the remoter regions of the earth. Scarce a tribe in Africa but has rued his coming; scarce an island in the South Seas that is unacquainted with his cheap manufactures and illicit liquors. It is not so generally known how largely men of culture, wearied with civilization, have betaken themselves to the wilderness. We know how Stevenson loved Samoa, choosing it as both home and burial-place before his Scotch birthplace. Tahiti offered for years a like refuge to the brilliant Pierre Loti. Madagascar became the adopted home of Le Conte dc Lisle. Olive Schreiner lives with her husband far up in the great Karoo of South Africa. Lafcadio Hearne has married a Japanese wife and settled down in a Japanese village, and Count Tolstoi has left the brilliant life of Western Europe for the isolation and monotony of Russian village life. Surely Christians have a higher, a more urgent motive to expatriation than the nefarious profit of the trader or the caprice of an ennuied litterateur. Surely, if the Pauline spirit has not entirely died out of the Christian Church, some may be found who without the entanglement of official connection stand ready to reinforce as volunteer anxiliaries the impaired regular forces of Christian missions.

Such a movement could be greatly facilitated if we could disillusion possible volunteers of the supposed universal formidableness of the missionary life. It is a mistake to suppose that missionaries are always and everywhere subject to hardship and suffering. Undoubtedly this was so in the inception of the missionary movement of our century. Doubtless it is so in many quarters now-along the fever-haunted coasts and riverbottoms of Africa, in the intolerably crowded cities of China, and in the thrice-heated plains of Southern India. On the other hand, there are fields for missionary labor which have a charm and attractiveness far surpassing that of the home-land itself. Of the uplands of Ceylon, for example, one could say, in the appropriate words of an Arabic inscription upon the Taj : "If there is a paradise on earth, it is this, it is this, it is this." Indeed, this fact is now so generally recognized that Ceylon is becoming one of the favorite resorts of the idlers of winter-time, a sort of Asiatic Riviera or California. And speaking of France, where could one find a more promising field spiritually than among her people, weary of Romanism, disenchanted of the Sodom.apples of pleasure-seeking, ready to consider and accept the way of life 1 What would not the McAll Mission give for a contingent of one hundred newly enlisted self-supporting workers for the evangelization of French cities-a sort of lay order like the Tertiaries of St. Francis 1 And from the point of view of personal expenditure and personal discomfort (tho it may seem unheroic, indeed, to dwell on this), where would one suffer less than among the kindly peasantry of Normandy and the Limousin 1 Then consider Italy, with its multitude of unfolded and uutaught. Why should Christian men and women, who perchance are without especial cares and responsibilities, prefer taking an interest in missions at home, in New York or Chicag9, to taking a part in missions in Florence or Rome 1 Are there not great possibilities of usefulness here 1 Could we find a sturdier stock than the peoples of Piedmont and Lombardy 1 Could we find more necessitous ones than those of Sicily and Calabria 1 Are there no Christians wintering in Asheville and St. Augustine who could spend their spare months in Naples and Girgenti to the greater glory of God and to the hastening of His kingdom? The ·Winter Mission of English Christians among the English-speaking people of India is a precedent which could be followed elsewhere. And, not to mention other European fields, what shall we say of Greece and of Spain, so long closed to missionary effort by religious exclusiveness and bigotry 1 Are not these countries purposely open for those unable to undergo the dangers and hardships and persecutions of the back provinces of China and the Hinterlands of Africa 1 If one should draw up a list of places fitted for such volunteer effort, what a category of Edens he would have! Not to recall again the numberless European fields, there would be the lovely islands of the Hawaiian group; Samoa, with its great hotels at Apia ; Darjeeling and Simla and Naini Tal, in the foot-hills of the Himalayas-of gloriously even clime, under the shadow of the gigantic Alps of Asia j Utacamund in the Nilghiri Hills, with its marvelous rose-hedges and sunsets; Hakone, Kyoto, Nikko, and a hundred other places in Japan-for Japan should be a veritable stronghold of the independent mission. No mission-field has a more tractable people, none is more delightful iu climate, in historical association, in present-day interest j none has a larger community of Englishspeaking people (save India), and missionaries are-we speak from personal acquaintance-of all people, the most neighborly, the most Christian, the best informed. No country has a smaller criminal residuum, in no place is life safer. European women can go through the loneliest roads in the country wit.hout fear. What opportunities at every tea-house to teach the way of Jesus, as Jesus Himself taught it by the well of Sychar ! Where could a volunteer colporteur, with bag and bicycle, find better openings for effective work than along the great highway of the Hokkaido, with its innumerable villages, its passing traffic, its journeying wayfarers 1 Further, it is a peculiarly opportune time for such enterprises in the Sunrise Kingdom. The new treaties have made the interior accessible as never belore since the first opening of the country, and recent events have resulted in a gratifying subsidence of the anti-foreign feeling of the J oi faction. Nowhere, again, could one have a greater choice of climate, if this should happen to be a consideration. The cold and snows of Yezo and the sub-tropical vegetation of Kiushiu indicate the wide stretch of the climatic arc. We can, indeed, conceive of no happier place for a joyous missionary service than in this land, under the long shadows of Hiyesan and of Fujiyama.

We have pleaded for a new exodus, an outpouring into the ends of the earth of those who are able to go, like the medireval vavasor, who furnished his own horse, lance, and armor. Yet there is a final reserve (we say it in spite of traditionalists of missionary policy) which has been brought into play with little success as yet perhaps, but which with proper management can be used with real effect. We refer to the mission supporting itsclf on the field. Objection will be immediately taken j yet we have high precedent, for did not the greatest of all apostles write that his own hands ministered unto his necessities ~ And if Paul could sew tentcloth in the intervals of his evangelistic work at Thessalonica and Athens, might not, for example, men trained at Princeton and Amherst write correspondence for American papers while laboring in the high places of infidelity in Paris and Vienna ~ The writer knows of a Russian journalist, converted in a Baptist mission in the former city, who is an efficient coworker in his spiritual birthplace, and even succeeds occasionally in introducing the Gospel surreptitiously into his contributions to the home papers, spite of the keen surveillance of Orthodox censors.

And, again, in more distinctively pagan lands are there not opportunities which American ingenuity could avail itself of for the futherance of mission work ~ We speak not of China and India, where the illimitable ocean of economic competition would soon drown all such efforts. Yet even here, in outlying dependencies, much might be done. Why, for instance, could a self-supporting mission, organized by Christian farmers of Kansas or Nebraska, not be established in Korea V One could hardly want better conditions-an inexhaustible soil, high prices for products (for butter, cheese, potatoes, and such supplies generally are imported to the East from California, Switzerland, and Australia), a ready market in the treaty ports of China and Japan, and the Nippon-Yusen-Kaisha steamers to carry produce to these points_ When the land has finally quieted down after its experiences of yesterday, and has become straightened out by the efficient administrators of Japan, it will be, in the writer's thinking, no worse a home for Americans than the alkali, drought-afllicted, storm-torn prairies of our country. Surely in the interim of five years which men require for the mastery of their new language, such employment would be welcome to many and a source of sufficient income to defray the outlay of the preparatory period. There is no Quixotism here. We believe the farmer has his place in the missionary economy as well as the physician, the school-teacher, the translator, and the theologian. This is especially true of South Africa, It is a common enough thing for a brace of Scotchmen to settle in the highlands of Pondoland or Gazaland, there to build houses and plant vineyards. This they do with no ulterior purpose beyond the m,ere getting of a living; but surely 1here must be Christian artisans and farmers who could do the same thing, while making their final aim the evangelization of the populations of degraded blacks all about. The Cape General Mission and the Baptist Mission in' South Africa have both received, we understand, from Sir Cecil Rhodes, large tracts of land for such colonization. We doubt not, if Bishop Taylor's experiment could be tried in these temperate and lovely highlands of South Africa, it would meet with a success besides which that of the Congo Mission would be accounted partial and meager. And finally, to say nothing of the possibilities of such enterprises in Argentina and Chili, we believe that before long the most beautiful spot on the planet, the Yale of Cashmere, will be opened to a movement of this sort. One envies the life of the twentieth century, Protestant, Benedictines, who shall organize a self.supporting community for the evangelization of the Mahommedans of this Avalon? Life in partibu8 infidelium would then be (whatever it may be in the fetid cities of India and China) full of the accessory joys which nature brings.

We throw out these suggestions because we believe the times ripe for a forward movement of this character. The dawn of the new centuries is to nations what the opening of the new year is to individuals. We are about to burst, with hearts of expectation, as Magellans and Drakes of time, into the silent, undiscovered sea of a new century. Christianity must prove to the world that she is of the future as well as of the irrevocable past. If the world shall see in tM Church a mere congeries of social clubs, as it too often is in English-speaking lands, or a State official supported for semi-police purposes, as she evidently is on the Continent of Europe, woe, then, to Church and to world, for the one has failed in her appointed work, and the other has lost its unspeakable opportunity and hope. If, on the other hand, by her activities, by her self-sacrifice, her other worldliness, she shows herself conscious of her mission as the representative of Christ before all men, as the temporal agency of the Holy Spirit in the evangelization of the world, new recognition will be accounted to her and to her Lord in the years that are upon us. No legitimate means to such ends, therefore, are to be contemned. The Salvation Army-so bizarre, so uncouth, so all-conquering-is before our eyes, an omnipresent warning to any who may be hidebound in their worship of conventional methods. It will not do to deter recruits, to object to experiments. It will not do to refrain from encouraging and stimulating both. Every form of effort in every field is the program of the new years, for repentance and remission of sins must be ,preached in His name among all nations.

BARElLLY THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY

INTERNATIONAL DEPARTMENT. 4.1

II.-INTERNATIONAL DEPARTMENT.

EDITED A.ND CONDUcTED BY BEY. J. T. GIIA.CEY, D.D.

The Bareilly Theological Seminary. ished his education and was much in- terested in mission wOl'k, but was early BY REV. T. J. SCOTT, D.D., BAREIJ,LY, called to the better world. In this hall INDIA. is a large beautiful symbolical paint- This institution is situated at Bareilly, ing, six by eight feet, consisting of five a city of 180,000 inhabitants, and the emblems-the Bible, the cross, an olive capital of Rohilkund, one of the North- branch, a crook, and over all a crown, western Provinces. It is the first suspended in radiance. This painting Methodist theological seminary found- and a life·size portrait of Ernest Kip- ed in Asia. The need of an institution linger were sent out by the parents.

for training native preachers was soon This seminary has at present a small manifest in the history of the mission, endowment of $50,000, with buildings but not until 1872' was the mission able valued at $16,500. The institution is to undertake the work. A timely gift chartered or .. registered," as it is of $20,000 from Rev. D. W. Thomas, called in India, under the Government then of the India Mission,·and who for- of the Northwest Provinces, and has tunately had some private means, en- its legal Board of Trustees, who care for abled the old India conference to take the institution and its funds.

this enterprise in hand. A small na- The course of three years' study is tive preacher's house was used for the substantially that of any such institu- lecture·rooms, while some cheap build- tion in the United States, except that ings that had been erected for some not so much is made of Hebrew and native Christians employed in an ex- Greek. The teaching staff at present perimental industrial school, were util- consists of two foreign missionaries and ized for students' dormitories. The five nati ve professors and teachers.

school opened with a class of eleven. Connected with the seminary is a Four years later Mr. Philo Remington, normal department for training teach- of Ilion, N. Y., gave $5000 to aid in ers for the mission primary and higher the erection of more permanent build- grade schools. The preparation of ings, and with this sum duplicated by Christian teachers for the mission the Mission Board, Remington Hall, schools is an important work. The full the central building, WIIS erected. It is course of study takes four years. This a brick structure consisting of a cen- normal department also serves as a .tral cruciform hall, surrounded by four preparatory department of the semi- class-rooms filling in the building as a nary for such students as may be de- square, with a large library and read- ficient in secular knowledge. Many ing-room on the top. To the left of pastor.teachers have gone out from this this building is Butler Hall, erected in department.

1890, in honor of Dr. Wm. Butler, the An important part of this institution founder of this mission, by funds con- is the Woman's Training SchooL Most tributed by many admiring friends. of the students who enter the theologi- This structure is one story, uniform in cal seminary, from the cnstom of early style with the central building, lind marriage, are married men. Early in consists of two fine lecture halls. To the history of the seminary the experi.

the right, in 1898, Ernest Hall was built, ment was successfully tried of training uniform in style and size with Butler the wives of the students to cooperate Hall. It was erected by Rev. E. S. with them in evangelistic and pastoral and Mrs. E. R. Kiplinger, in memory work. The wives who cannot read are of their son Ernest, who had just fin- taught and then trained in what is callcd the Bible·readers' course. This fits dents come from tracts bordering on them to enter the homes of Hindus and the Hindustani territory, and such men Moslems and give instruction in Bible can preach in at least one more lan- truth to women and children. They guage, thus reaching at least 50,000,000 can also aid the pastor in instructing more. The energy with which the the women and children of his charge. work of this mission is spreading 'l'he importance of the training given among these millions makes more mani- to the wives of the students cannot be fest the importance of this school. In over·estimated. In India women espe- the year 1894 more than 17,000 souls cially must work for women. In the were added to the Christian community towns and villages the preacher cannot in North India alone. The workers address mixed audiences, as in Chris- who have gone out from the school are tian countries. Men alone assemble to scattered in a population equal to that hear in public places as a rule; and in of the United States. }Ien are needed the homes pastoral ministration cannot well trained in doctrinal and pracbe as unconstrained as in Christian tical morality, who can act as pastors countries. Hence, the great need of for the incoming multitudes of Chriswomen trained to reach women in India. tians. Striking evidence is to be met indicating that caste is fast losing hold This department of the seminary is on the more intelligent classes. The beset with some difficulties. The wives great deep of this vast population of not only manage their domestic duties India must soon break up. Antiof caring for children and preparing Christianity stands ready to capture the food of the family, but they have the multitude who must soon abandon their regular school hours. The diffi- the old faith. Hence the need of such culty of managing the children when an institution in training evangelists to the mothers are studying suggested the meet the crisis. An intelligent faith kindergarten department in more recent ready to give an answer for its hope years, which is suitably organized and must meet an intelligent skepticism. is under trained teachers. Now, While The Church should make of this school the mothers are at their studies, the something worthy of this great opening. children are being trained in kinder- Some testimony to the importance of garten drill. Here, then, is the en- this institution is here recorded : 8emble of a unique theological seminary, where the husband is trained as preach- Bishop Foster pronounced this the 'er, pastor, and evangelist, or as a teach- most important missionary enterprise er and lay evangelist, and his wife is in India. Bishop Ninde said he was trained so as to cooperate with him in strongly impressed while in India with evangelistic and pastoral work, and the invaluable aid this school affords their children have the advantage of a the workers. Bishop Thoburn, " Our regular kindergarten. theological school has become more than ever a necessity to our work." At the present date the attendance at Dr. Ellenwood, Secretary of the Presthis institution is about 80 men and 50 byterian Board of Missions, says: "A women. There have gone out 205 friend said to me, of all the higher ingraduates of the three years' course, 77 stitutions he had seen, the one belongon a partial course, 61 from the nor- ing to the Methodist Episcopal Mission mal school, and 192 from the woman's at Bareilly seemed to him best adapted department, making a total of 535 to meet the widespread wants of a mistraip.ed mission workers sent out. This sion. " Bishop Mallalieu was most proseminary has a great opportunity in the foundly convinced of the immeasurfield represented. The students are able importance of the Bareilly Theotrained in the Hindustani language, logical School. which is understood by 100,000,000 people. Besides this, some of the stu- The endowment so far has mostly taken thc form of permanent founda- dead wall. One is almost afraid of tions for scholarships. A thousand dol- men becoming nominal Christians when lars invested gives the support of a hard put to to avoid the trouble of argu- man and his wife. A few endowments ing it out."

of $500 for single students have been The best material is the Siamo·Chi- given. At present the Board of Trus- nese race, which has sprung up as a tees are calling for a few thousand dol- result of the abundant immigration of lars to build additional dormitories, and Chinamen who marry native wives.

$40,000 to enlarge the endowment to These, whose devotion to ancestral meet urgent present need. In no place worship and other forms of Chinese can a suitably endowed theological superstition has been naturally weak· seminary accomplish more than in this ened. still retain much of the Chinese great mission field. energy and grit, and what work has been done among them has afforded the best results. The Japanese have been Gospel Work in Siam. compared to plastic clay which can be molded; the Siamese to sand, which BY J. E. BUDGETT MEAKIN. lacks in itself the cohesion necessary for the sculptor, and the Chinese to .. I believe there is no country more granite. which withstands all tools but open to unrestrained missionary effort the best, but which lasts forever. For than Siam, but I believe that there can many years the American Baptists car- bardly be a country in which it is hard- ried on an intermittent and desultory er to make an impression." work among the Chinese in Bangkok, Such was the summary by one of the forming also several outlying stations, workers in Bangkok of what he had and altho they seem now to have aban- been telling me about the special fea- doned the field, the native converts tures of the task before him. Complete are going ahead themselves; but un- religious liberty is guaranteed by gov- til the Baptists formally renounce ernment, and missionaries can with lit- operations here, tho they have no tle difficulty settle wherever they will, representative on the spot, others while traveling is free to all, and the hesitate to enter the open door. They treatment that well-behaved foreigners need at least a dozen workers in receive at the hands of the natives Siam, and the cause is losing ground as leaves nothing to be desired. The real long as they hold back. The Roman difficulty is to make an impression on Catholics have extensive missions here, the lethargic minds of the people, and it is from among the Chinese that whose impassive inactivity is never most of their converts are drawn, but more marked than in connection with while the Baptists are nominally at religion. None but those who have work among them, the American Pres- tried it know what it means to address byterian Mission, the only other society.

II crowd or II succession of individuals engaged here, has a most commendable without an objection being raised, but hesitation to take up this important without the leas.t signs of an impression branch. The Chinese in Siam are not having been made. "It is like bom· a mere handful; the whole country is barding an earthwork," said one of the saturated with them, and in their hands missionaries; "one's shots are buried, is almost all the trade and commerce and nothing is seen. It would be are· but that with Europe.

lief even if one hearer' got mad' about What Siam owes to the missionaries it. There is a point to which the already it would be difficult to state.

Siamese will yield, as if they would do Half a century ago she was one of the so to any extent, but when you get to most backward of Asiatic countries, the important moment of all you find a ruled despotically, and unbenetited by the progress of the outside world, to as well as at one or two stations nearer which, with the exception of China, the Gulf of Siam. To a great extent her doors were absolutely closed; but their work has been educational. and the messengers of the Gospel, who were by no means one of the least important waiting to enter China when that results of it was the request, many should become possible, who reached years ago, for one of their number to her shores in Chinese junks, succeeded assume the direction of the schools in so impressing the people and their which the government was then estabrulers that in due time treaties were lishing. Hospitals have also held a willingly entered into with their gov- prominent place in their operations, so ernments, and Siam was opened up. that most of their men are styled doc- Then there came to the throne a king tors by the natives. Street preaching who, while a Buddhist priest had and colportage are likewise employed sought a missionary for a tutor, and with success, however meager the imhad proved no unapt scholar, under mediately apparent results may seem. whose rule the old order fell, and Siam In several places a very real work is entered the race of nations. She has being done by independent workers yet far to go to take her place from among the brethren, and I had among the foremost, but she has made the pleasure to meet with one good rapid strides, and is distanced only by Christian doctor adding mission preach· Japan among the nations of the farther ing to the labors of a private practice. East. That her progress has not been '1'he Roman Catholics are hard at work what it might have been can only be in many parts, and that with apparent attributed to an increased experience good success, for the natives see no of Western ways and Western men, great difference in calling the goddess who do not commend themselv~s as of mercy Mary, and in changing one men who love dollars and hate the no.· set of priests and rites and superstitions tives. It is the same old story here as for another. The Romanists are, not, in every newly opened country, the however, liked, and make but poor greatest obstacle to the spread of the headway among the Siamese them- Gospel is the example set by men of selves, tho the self-denying and devoted the oationalities with which the name lives led by many of their missionaries Christian has unfortunately become place them in great esteem personally. identified-men who cannot sufficiently Their popular name is "Big-foot peo· run down the missions and missionaries, pIe," by one native explained to me as whose presence CWits reilections on the having reference to their custom of Iives they waste ('n wine and women kissing the toe of the Pope, and by anand wagers. I feel that as an indepen- other as indicative of the way in which dent resident abroad I both can lUld they tread down the people, for in Siam must say what the missionaries do not the foot is considered the most unworoften care to, much as I deplore the thy member. One of their methods is facts. Exceptions to the rule there are to make settlements of converts, acindeed, and mission work owes more quiring the land, and making it unto them than folks at home imagine. pleasant for all but their own people, The really Christian man of business or or those who are willing to join them. the official wields an imiluence quite They also mingle in political and legal distinct from that of missionaries. questions when these serve their pur- poses, thus getting into very bad odor. Mission work in Siam is practically Wherever they are they erect fine in the hands of the American Presby- churches, a necessity in a creed in terians, who maintain a considerable which the ceremonial plays so imporforce iu Bangkok, and have a most im· tant a part. portant work some distance up country in the tributary State of Cheung Mai, The favor with which the Protestant missions are regarded, on the other whatever to be of the nature of sin, re- hand, is very evident. They have all garding perfection as the destruction of along shown themselves the true friends every natural inclination, can easily be of the people, and quite recently one understood. Work among such people of them was asked to make special in· is like building in a swamp; there is quiries during his travels into any no ground to go upon, no moral basis, causes of local complaint, and to report no fulcrum. With many there is not them at headquarters, a task which for even a belief in God, while Buddha obviotJ.s reasons he felt bound reluc- himself is not considered as a personal tantly to decline. While calling with influence. Sin is regarded as entailing a missionary on the Minister for the In- its own punishment, and evil is only to terior, His Royal Highness brought up be averted by the propitiation of con· the question of a site for a new mission trolling spirits. Even when a man has station in a distant province, about got so far as to believe in the sacrifice which the local authorities had raised of Christ, it is difficult to make him see difficulties, offering to personally se- the necessity of a moral life, if not to cure the best available place on an ap- work out his own salvation.

proaching visit to that part. He then Though the more liberal education went on to express his opinion on the of the late king did not make him a methods employed. "I think that a Christian, it enabled him to see the great many missionaries make the great folly of much that was bound up with mistake," he said, "of abusIng the re- Buddhism, and as its head in this coun- ligion already existing. If instead of try he instituted a reformed creed, this they would bring their philan- closely approaching that of the mod- thropic and medical work more to the ern Japanese and of Buddha's Western front, and show what the love of Christ admirers. Its followers are practically has led them to do for the poor and atheists who acknowledge Buddha only suffering, they would not fail to gain as a great moral teacher, whose system the people's real esteem, and then of ethics they adopt, while they dis- would be the time for them to listen to card everything supernatural, and all the words of Jesus." the intermingled cult of spirits. But The religion already existing in this this has only affected the few, and su- case is a corrupt inheritance of Bud- perstition of every sort is as rampant dhism mingled with a little Brahman- as ever. The one prevailing idea is the ism and a good deal of spirit worship. necessity 01 "making merit" byerect- It was said by one of the king's broth- ing temples, feeding the priests, mak- ers that 80 per cent of the people were ing pilgrimages, liberating captive ani- ignorant as to what Buddhism really mals, etc., but practical deeds of kind- was, for to begin with they make an ness and self-denial, or of provision for idol of Buddha, presenting worldly pe· the sick and poor, as met with in China, titions as to a god to one whose highest seem hardly known. Ancestral wor- virtue was that he knew nothing of ship forms no part of the Siamese creed, this world. Were they genuine Bud- but its place is in some measure taken dhists, they would at least make some by the necessity under which sons are attempts to follow the moral precepts of making merit for their mothers.

of that creed, but of these they know This is one of the real difficulties the next to nothing. having received it only missionaries have to meet, as men con- as im ancestral legacy, and the grossest vinced of the truth of Christianity can immorality prevails. Even the exter- see no hope for their mothers, espe- nal observances of Buddhism are but cially if they are already dead, and imperfectly known, and the benumb· some who have been convinced have ing, deadening results of a religion yet refused baptism on this account.

Wllich holds all affections and emotions A feeling based on so noble a trait is not to be rudely uprooted, but it has to up under Christian infiuence, on acbe reckoned with. count of the baneful effect on the whole character of a life spent beneath the Yet, after all, these questions will pall of Buddhism, notwithstanding that have to be ultimately faced by the na· one of the most active converts had tive workers as they are raised up, for been for years a priest. .no country has ever been thoroughly evangelized except by its own people, Incident!! of the Struggle in Ja.pa.n. and all the foreigners can hope is to be made the means of setting the work on BY DAVID S. SPENCER, NAGOYA, JAPAN. foot and to welcome the first· fruits, the seeds from which will furnish the wait- It is my purpose to record UDder this ing soil. So the question as to the heading some facts and incidents which quality of the native converts becomes have come under my knowledge, in of even more importance than their order that others may the better undernumber, and I was glad to find that a stand the nature of the work of win· fair proportion of the Siamese became ning Japan to Christ. It will be seen soul·winners, especially in the province that heathenism dies hard; that the of Nakawn, where I was assured by bringing of a country to accept the one who had just returned from a visit teachings of Jesus as its guiding princi· to them, "the converts take to evangel- pIe is not a small task. There is nothing istic work as ducks take to water." A whatever in these incidents which curious feature, however, is the way in would at all discourage a Christian' which a Siamese on conversion, at once man, for the battIe is not ours, but the hands in the name of his wife also, Master's. A thoughtful worker says even tho she has never yet heard a again and again to himself, ., Why do word of the Gospel. One good man of the heathen rage 1" In spite of .perse· whom I heard had been so impressed cutions, boycottings, mobs, riots, and with the way in which a certain con- the machinations of bad men and devils, vert enjoyed his new·found faith, that and even the mistakes, the unfaithfulwithout going into details he at once ness of professedly good men, the cause put down his name as a convert, to- of Jesus goes right on conquering the gether with those of his absent wife worl:l. "Our God is marching on." and family. The jubilant convert himself had not yet been bapti7.ed, but I On October 8th, 1893, I dedicated the was told by a Presbyterian missionary church at Komaki. The morning ser· that he had" alreaiIy developed Meth· vices passed off without event, there odist proclivities," bursting out in his being but few present, and of these near· prayers with responses, repetitions, and ly all were Christians. A few Buddhist exclamations, an additional proof, add· lookers-on lingered about the door; but ed my informant, that denominational a crowd of Buddhists gathered in the distinctions were greatly matters of evening in a house they had secured for temperament. the purpose on the opposite side of the street, and as soon as our evening ser· During my stay in Bangkok I have vices began, they began to show signe had the pleasure of intercourse with of life. While Hatanoshin Yamaka was several of the Lord's own people gath- speaking a crowd of them came in, ered from among this nation, and the filled the room and sat down, mixed traveling Christian knows no greater with the Christians and those who did joy. Space will not permit my recall· not oppose us. They frequently inter· ing the pleasant times I spent with rupted hy remarks, questions, and the some, or what I learned from them, but like; but as they could Dot throw Ya·. the opinion was strongly expressed to maka off the track in this way, they tried me by a foreigner that for future work- another pIau. At a preconcerted signal ers we must depend on men brought all arose, caught the lamps and extin- ing and correction. The last I knew he guished them. scattered the oil on the was still in the hands of this priest, worshipers, smashed the lamps, the practically a prisoner for his faith. in windows, the doors, and the front of the Lord Jesus. Nothing is yet known the house, wrenched the clock from of him, or of what the outcome is likely the wall, and broke up the meeting. to be. I could give many similar cases.

There being an insufficient number of The workers in the Methodist Prot- policemen present to control the mob, estant Church desired in the fall of 1894 it was thought best not to try to go on to rent a building in Nagoya for use as again that night. But the police were a chapel or kegisho, in addition to what advised that a meeting would be held they were already using. The section the next night, and that violence must of the city in which they would locate be controlled. The police came, and so was chosen, and a house was finally did the Buddhists, in large numbers. rented of an old man living in the The latter tried to disturb the meeting neighborhood. Of course all business again, but they were completcly out- had to be done through native workers generalled, and we won a victory. of that mission. The contract was Two young men had for a long time drawn, signed and sealed, and the been secretly attending our Christian money paid over. The man was of a services at the Shinsl1iro Church, hiding Buddhist family. The Buddhists heard in a back room in the dark to hear the of his transaction, and came to him to preaching, and quietly withdrawing protest that such a thing was wrong ; thereafter_ They had had an earnest but the owner took the ground that desire to know the truth, and our work- under the Constitution he had the right, ers there had taught them. Finally the as a free man, to rent his house for any young men asked me to baptize them. lawful purpose to any law-abiding man This could not be dOlle publicly because or set of men. Then the persecution '

of the opposition of their friends. I began. These Buddhist opponents held talked with them carefully upon the a consultation meeting in the temple, to possible consequences of their receiving which they called the owner, and there baptism, and warned them that they argued, threatened him, and used all would have to meet persecution. They efforts except force to compel the man declared that they did not fear on ac- to yield, but to no purpose. He held count of possible persecution, but were that the renting of his house for Chris- prepa.red to receive it, even to the dea.th tian. purposes was within. the class of if necessary, but thought that they allowable actions under the constitution, should be permitted to receive Christian and he would not yield. Then stronger baptism. I baptized them one night measures were adopted. A house op· last fall in the hotel where I was stay- posite his was secured by the Buddhists, ing. The next day they announced to and an indignation meeting held of the their respective families that they had people of the neighborhood to decide become Christians indeed, and had set- what should be done. It was proposed tled the matter by receiving Christiau to deport the old man, but some thought baptism. Both were subjected to per- this a wrong thing to do, as it would be secution, in one case severe. The fa- a mean thing on their part to inflict such ther of this young man was unrelenting, a man on any community. Another vicious. He demanded that the son proposed that they get a large kettle recant at once and come back to the and soak him or boil him in it till he family faith. Threats were made, dif- would do as he ought, and follow the ferent forms of penalty were imposed, dictates of their pure and holy religion.

and finally the father brought the son This meeting was continued for some to Nagoya and put him in the hands of time, and served as a sort of boycott of a noted radical Buddhist priest for train- the owner from all around him. Finally 80shi (a class of ruffians hired to intimi- hood, capable of being manipulated by date by forceful measures) were hired the priests, the Christians lost all they for the purpose of systematically perse- had expended, and were compelled to cuting the old man till he should yield. give up the project for the time. Tbe These 808hi followed the old man, search- battle has to be won on some lines inch ing his house with clubs in hand, so that by inch. he was obliged to hide with his friends in the country for safety. But he did Makoto Komatsubara ("Little Pine not yield, and this method of pressure Woods)" and his wife, Tazura, became falling to accomplish what the priest Christians in the city of Shizurka some wanted, they approached the old man's ten years ago, and joined the Canada wife and compelled her family to say Methodist Church. In youth this man that if he did not repent and take the had been a heavy drinker, and had sufhouse back from the Christians they fered a heavy penalty of his sin. Faith would take from him the wife with in Christ changed him, and he became whom he had lived for years. the moth- a temperate man. His family and er of his children, the companion of his friends, however, did not favor his beyouth. The storm grew so thick that coming a Christian. Better go on the old man could stand it no longer. drinking and die Ii drunkard than have He could endure personal inconvenience, anything to do with Yasu Kyo. He even ;mlIering ; but to lose his wife was recently removed with wife and chilmore than he could bear, and the oppo- dren to Nagoya, and united by letter nents, through her friends, had control with our Second Methodist Church. of the situation. He finally came back The intense summer heat has caused to the missionary weeping, threw down him to become ill, and his ailment has the money and asked for the contract. taken the form of brain disease, resultbegging them to ask no questions for ing in insanity. I have watched the conscience' sake. The Christians took poor man with intense pity. Perfectly the m(mey, gave up the house, and harmless in action and physically well, marked the strength and the methods he is a strong ,man paying the price of of the Buddhists. sinful pleasure. The older brother and older sister of this man have, since his In Nagoya, a city of 200,000 people, all sickness, turned against him because of burying grounds are connected with his profession of Christianity. They the templcs, of which there are some declared that unless he would openly 2000 Buddhist with some 5000 priests. renounce his faith in Christ they would exclusive of Shinto temples and priests. not own him as a brother. In Japan Up to the present, when a Christian dies an older brother has certain rights and he must be buried in a potter's field, a power over a younger. They greatly answamp Bome distance from the city, in noyed him. but neither he nor his wife which only beggaIs were formerly would yield to their demands. The buried. Though a man may be a legal brother became furious, said the whole owner of a lot in a Buddhist burying· cause of trouble was Christianity. ground, he cannot be buried there ex- When he could no longer afflict the sick cept as a Buddhist. The mother and man because of his insanity, they, the child of our devoted pastor, Brother H. brother and sister, violently persecuted Yamaka, a graduate of Drew Theologi- his wife. She was compelled to cease cal Seminary. together with all Chris- attending church, tho she stoutly detians dying here, have had to be buried clared her faith in Jesus. She conin that swamp. At one time the Chris- tinued for some time to send the chiltians purchased a plot of ground for a dren to our Sunday-school, but finally burial·place ; but as it requires the con- the opposition became BO great that she sent of three different parties, one of could not even do this without danger, which is the people of the neighbor- P FUHKIEN PROVINCE o CHINA FORMOSA Copyright, 1895, by Hun & EATON, New York.

From" Missions and Missionary Society of the Methodist Epis copal Church." and the children ceased to come. I province. Archdeacon Wolfe has won called to see her recently, but the house distinction; the two Drs. Baldwin, one she had occupied was vacant. Her of the A. B. C. F. M. and one of the troubles had multiplied, her husband Methodist Board, together with Dr.

probably hopelessly insane and in the Maclay and Bishop Wiley, were found- hospital for confihement and treatment, ers and leaders here. The hospital and her little child had died, and the perse- general medical work of the two Amer- cution for Christ's sake had become so ican Missions are of great value.

strong, that she had been compelled to take the remaining children and go back to her father's house for shelter Notes from the Field.

and protection. Her husband's family CHINA.-Rev. W. M. Hayf's, writing has money enough to care for her and from Tungchow, near Chefoo, China, the husband well, but she can get none under date October 7th, 1895, says: without renouncing her faith in Christ. .. The events of the past five months Three days ago I saw Mr. Komatsubara, are almost the reverse of what nearly a harmless lunatic, his family driven everybody expected and predicted last away, and he in the hands of strangers. spring, and should I have written of the outlook at that time, it would only October 1, 1895.

have been another confirmation of THE MAP OF FOOCHow PROVINCE.- Paul's conclusion that .. prophecies shall fail." Progress seemed imminent The map which we present of the Foo- last spring, but the intervention of Rus· chow Province,or Fukien Province more sia, France, and Germany convinced precisely, will be of interest and use to all China that change was not yet a neceswho desire to locate the scenes of the sity. The Conservatives are in power massacre of last summer, and the sta· again, anti-foreigners are being pro· tions where missions of the Methodist moted to office, and many of the people Episcopal Mission and others are at are trying to persuade themselves that work. It is placed at our service China beat Japan, after all. The streets by the courtesy of the publishers of of this city last week were placarded Missions and Missionary Society of with immense pictures presenting the the Methodist Episcopal Church, for high dignitaries of China meting out which work it was specially drawn, justice to the despised Trojan. aud which is nea.rly ready for market.

It consists of three volumes, an exten- BURMA.-Mr. F. D. Phinney, Super- sion by Rev. J. T. Gracey of the original Intendent of the American Baptist Mis- work by Dr. J. M. Reid. The new vol- sion Press, Rangoon, Burma, in a per· umes comprise the history of seventeen sonal note under date of September 1st, years of work, 1878-94, not in the orig- 1895, says: .. There is a turning tow- inal publication, and cover a period of ard Christianity on the part of the Bur- astonishing development of the Society mans that is as pleasing as it is surpris- and its work, both at home and abroad. ing. There have never been as many Hunt & Eaton, 150 Fifth Avenue, are baptisms right along as ~here are now.

the publishers, and will receive orders It is the custom of the Burman church for this work at once. to have the ordinance of baptism ad· The American Board, the Church of ministered at the close of the morn- England Missionary Society, and the ing preaching service, between that zenana mission of the latter church all and the Sunday-school. These bap- have Buccessful missions in this prov- tismal services come with marked fre- ince, which contains a population of quency, and the candidates are nearly 15,000,000. Some eminent names are aU adult converts from Buddhism, one found in the list of missionaries of this here and another there in the villages in this district who come in to the That is something which is almost un- city to join a church. The reports are known in Burma. coming from a.ll over the field that the way in which the Burmans listen is Every American, irrespective of re- different from all the past. They have ligious preferences, must have intense more of interest, read and talk more in- interest in the missionary force in East- telligentlyand with less of bigotry, and ern Turkey, and every Christian should' more priests are throwing off the yel- be given much to prayer for the preser- low robes than ever before. You want- vation of the lives of such noble men ed to have me tell you what the people and women in peril. We say in peril, are doing and what they are thinking not because they will probably be delib- about, and I have told you. Fifty vil- erately assaulted, but because the Sul- lages in a lump on the frontier, the most tan is unable to keep the police of the degraded of the peoples of the country, empire if he WOUld, and the fleets of the are asking for teachers and preachers. Dardanelles are paralyzed because Eu- The Roman Catholics have tried their ropean Christian powers are incompe- best to get teachers into these villages, tent, and we use the word deliberately. but have been told most emphatically They are incompetent to devise a way that they will have Baptist teachers or out of the imbroglio that will not in- none. The Catholic villages in this part vol ve their flying at each other's throats. of the country are not creditable to The ~ame of empire from the Grecian the name of Christianity. Our native ArchIpelago to the North Pacific shore churches are doing more for themselves line is the most extended known in cen- than ever before, and home and foreign turies, and it is pretty plain that if the mission circles and societies are being kingdom of Christ IS advanced it will formed among them, and are doing be because political powers as lIsual good work. A few years ago a mis- will be driven along the paths of the sionary party, a Karen preacher and his Divine purpose despite the lack of moral family, were going over into Northern principle or any other principle domi- Siam, and when past the frontier were nating them. .. It is not by might nor simply blotted off the face of the by power" that Christ's kingdom makes earth. It was many months before a advance. trace of them could be found. They had been murdered for their money, and It is a matter of regret that we find buried. The local missionary society our space too limited to present a be- (Karen) which had sent them out called coming review of several timely books for volunteers to take up the work to which will help on the kingdom of our which they had been sent, and had to Lord. Revell Company have just issued choose between the volunteers, for there .. Persian Life and Customs," by S. G. 'were more volunteers than could be Wilson, the best book of general infor- sent. mation on the subject within our knowl- edge. It is lucid in style. comprehen- U This morning I witnessed the bap- sive in the ran&,e of topics, and as tism of two pupils in our Baptist col- entertaining as it IS instructive. .. From lege here. The spiritual tone of the far rormosa," by Missionary Mackay, college is decidedly good, and the pro- is a revelation of that island by the most portion of professing Christians in the eminent authorities, living or dead, on upper classes probably above that in things Formosan as a whole. .. Ram- some American colleges. This is Chris- bles in Japan," by Canon Tristram, is tian education for a certainty. We are an entertaining account of what this not troubled here, as are the missionaries eminent divine saw and learned in the among the Hindus of India, with organ- land of the Rising Sun, with the aid of ized opposition to bazaar preaching on his daughter, a resident missionary of the part of those who have received all some years in that land. He seeks to their education in mission schools. compare Buddhism of Japan with that of Ceylon and of China. All these books are well illustrated.

A. better book to study at the begin- ning of the NewYear, to get a forceful. fresh and inspiring survey of the past and outlook for the future, than Rev. Dr. D. L. Leonard's" A Hundred Years of Mis~ions" (Funk & Wagnalls Com- pany) it would be difficult to name. It is a thoughtful and unique treatise worthy of permanent place in mission- ary literature.

FmLD OF MON1.'HLY SURVEf"

I1I.-FIELD OF MONTHLY SURVEY.

BY D. L. PIERSON.

Monthly Topios for 1896.* Russia and the Greek Church. Abyssinia and Eastern Sects. JANUARY. NOVEMBER. Outlook. General Survey. South America. The Mormons. FEBRUARY. Young People's Work.

The Chinese Empire.t DECEMBER. Confucianism and Taoism. Formosa. Syria and Palestine. The Opium Traffic. The Jews. Educational Work. MARCH. NOTES HERE AND THERE. Mexico. Central America.. There is at present a state of unrest West Indies. throughout the whole world, Christian City Missions. and heathen, civilized and savage. .. Wars and rumors of wars," outrages, APRIL. financial instability, and in many cases the half·suppressed mutterings of a India, Burma, and Ceylon. general anarchy are disturbing the Hinduism, etc. peace and prosperity of nations the Woman's Work for Woman. world over.

MAY. In the United States the financial crisis is scarcely over, the missionary Siam and the Laos. boards are still weighed down with a Malaysia. heavy load of deht, and the Christian Buddhism. church-members are slow to respond to Unoccupied Fields. their earnest appeals. Strikes and gen- eral friction between labor and capital JUNE. are every-day occurrences. Utah, just entering upon statehood, seems to many Africa t and Madagascar. to bring forehodings of an unhallowed haven for polygamists and those of The Freedmen in America. loose moral principles. Many fear The Slave Trade. strained relations with England he- cause of the Venezuelan difficulty and JULY. the Alaskan boundary dispute. All these things affect missions directly or The Islands of the Sea.§ indirectly. The mission boards are en- Circumpolar Missions.~ deavoring to hold their ground, tho North American Indians. lacking sufficient support; in some cases The Liquor Traffic. there is even an advance to new terri- tory. Foreign missionary rallies arc AUGUST. awakening many slumbering Christians, and are scattering information as to Papal Europe. the great work of God in the world's Roman Catholicism. evangelization. Bihle Work. Dr. Ebenezer Erskine says, in regard SEPTEMBER. to the future of the negro, that four facts have come to be regarded as quite Japan. settled : "1. That the negro is here to Korea. stay, and that his future home is to be Shintoism. Medical Missions. Chinese and Japanese in the United States.

OCTOBER.

Mohammedan Lands, and Relig- ion.

* It is our intention to have one or more arti- cles on these subjects, in the months to which they are assigned, together with references to other articles in previous number.. Those desiring to contribute are requestsd to h~ve their article in our hands two months previous to the month to which their subject is assigned.

t Including Tibet. t Except North Africa and Egypt, which are assigned to October.

§ Including Australasia.

,I Alaska, Greenland, Labrador, etc.

,. Turkey, Greece, Arabia, Persia, North Afri- ca, and Egypt. chiefly in the Southern States, all plans hold the government, of which they for his transportation to other countries have for a. time gained the upper hand. being regarded as impracticable. 2. Should they succeed, we may hope that That the negro is capable of improve- the last closed door of the Neglected ment. He may be educated and Chris- Continent will be opened to the Gospel. tianized. 3. That the negroes are im- Venezuela is in difficulty with England proving in their worldly circumstances; and Peru, and other republics are by that many of them are becoming land- no means at rest. owners; that others are entering into business, or becoming mechanics or The whole civilized world is stirred tradesmen. 4. That the negroes as a with indignation and horror at the class have not improved in morals as massacre of thousands of Christians in they have in their material condition. Asia Minor. Rumors of a partition of To save this race and to save the nation Turkey, the deposition of the Sultan, from their demoralizing influence, Chris- etc., are occasionally heard; but while tians of all Evangelical denominations it seems that order is being gradually must take hold of the work of their restored in the disturbed districts, the Christianization and the moral and in- solution of the Armenian problem has dustrial elevation of the race with a by no means been reached_ The Turk strong hand and a firm and persever- and the Kurd have not paid the penalty ing faith. " for their active and passive criminality. and judgment will doubtless descend Less than 250,000 Indians arc now to upon them from heavenly powers if not be found in the United States (exc1usive from earthly. of Alaska). They are scattered through 20 States and 5 Territories, of which As everyone knows, the situation Indian Territory contains the largest iG critical in the extreme. The Mosnumber (71,856) and Texas the fewest lems seem determined upon the de- (290), The Indians are susceptible to struction of the Christians, and only the religious impressions when they can be providence of God and the fear of the protected from contaminating outside results has prevented the massacre of influences. They are willing to be civ- missionaries and all en masse. 'l'he ilized and Christianized; they have limit of Armenian patience seems to at least fair industry and capacity for have been reached, but they are for the self-support. Over 32,000 Indians are most part powerless. The causes of now taxable and self-sustaining citi- their dissatisfactions with Turkish rule zens. These do not include 5 civilized are many and long standing. Besides tribes, numbering 68,371. Educational personal extortion and outrage, the mission work is being carried on among burden of taxes has brought the Arthem by Methodists, Presbyterians, Bap- menians to poverty and famine. A tisl.S, Congregationalists, Episcopalians, Russian officer, Colonel Lazareff,* gives and Friends, in addition to Government some facts relative to the" varied and and independent schools. The missions original" sy~tem of taxation imposed on are situated chiefly in Arizona, Indian Armenia. Here are a few of the as- Territory, Oklahoma, the Dakotas, Mon- S€ssments: tana, Washington, and Nebraska. Interesting and successful work is being 1. An exemption task paid for redone by the Methodists and Church lief from military service, amounting to of England among the tribes in British about $1.50 per year, imposed on every America. member of the family-children, aged and crippled not exempt. If a head South America is for the most part, of a large family is unable to pay the as usual, in a state of unstable equilib- tax, he is punished by arrest and flogrium. Colombia has experienced civil' ging, and his household goods or cow war. Liberalists in Ecuador seek to " Translated in the Literary DigeIJt_ must be sold to satisfy the tax collec- tent recognized leader. There seems, tor. however, little probability of any im- mediate disturbance on a large scale. 2. A tax on the land and crops-from The future is still uncertain; but the $1 to $6 per acre, according to the qual· outcome will doubtless be overruled ity of the land.,. and one eighth of the to the glory of God. We expect a value of the harvest. widened opportunity for the spread of the Gospel as soon as the immediate 3. Everyone having an orchard pays effect of the war-the excitement, ani· about $22 annually. mosity, and general disquiet of the peo- ple-has passed away. 4. Hay tax: $2 for eight loads. 5. For each cottage a tax of $1.50. The Japanese Christians are still 6. For a stable, from $1 to $3. somewhat inclined to break loose from 7. A mal'riage tax of 50 cents on the the guidance of foreign missionaries, and bridegroom. to conduct the evangelistic work without 8. A sheep tax, 20 cents each. outside aid. The missionaries are con- 9. A tax on every male over fourteen vinced that this would be a mistake, as for the maintenance of roads, fortresses, the native Church is not yet estab· and barracks. lished on firm enough doctrinal basis. There are also numberless taxes ou The new treaty opening the empire almost every conceivable occupation more freely to foreign residents is a and on each tree standing in one's lot. great gain, and will doubtless be speed- Besides these there are excise taxes on ily taken advantage of. Japan's danliquor and other articles of consump- ger from infidelity and over self·confitilln. The Kurds are free from nearly dence is great, but the people are not all of these taxes, paying only for one unaware of the benefits of Christianity, third of their sheep and being allowed and the Christians are advancing to forto make their own returns to the asses- eign missionary work in their dependens;)rs. These facts fully expJain the de- cies. A war is threatened with Russia crease in the Armenian population and which it is earnestly hoped will be Armenian emigration. With such a averted, as this would probably be more system, manifestly designed to ruin and injurious to missions than the conflict Bta1"1!6 out tIM Armenians, Turkey hard- with China. ly requires, in order to attain her object, recourse to such additional meth· Siuce the war has ended, the prosods as the late wholesale massacres. pects of missions in Korea have been The years 1894 and 1895 have cer- brightening. The Government is still tainly been most eventful in the history somewhat unsettled, but is friendly to of Ohina. While she has held together missionaries, who are constantly and for more than forty centuries, and has confidently praying for reinforcements by her conservatism defied the modern of workers and greater harvests of ideas of progress and civilization, she souls. The former indifference of the has now lost a part of her territory, and people has given way to a Willingness may be compelled to open her doors to to hear the Gospel, which amounts ill the advance of the heralds of a Chris· Bome cases to eagerness, and large contian civilization. The war with Japan gregations can be gathered without diffihas proven a serious matter to China; culty. Some of the leaders in the Gov- Japan seems on the road to prosperity, ernment have declared their conviction while her neighbor and old enemy is that only as the Christian religion pertorn with riots and even rumblings oi meates the mind of the people can Korea rebellion. The whole empire seems to expect to be lifted out of ber deplorable be honeycombed with secret societies, condition. The king, in an audience which are ready to rise in open rebel- with Bishop Ninde, expressed his gratifilion, massacre the foreigners, and seize cation that so many American missiona· the government had they but a comparies had been sent to Korea to teach and apologize for or to urge the importance to heal his people. New centers are of medical missions. He who is ignobeing occupied by the small mission rant of their claims is either so lacking force on the ground. Japanese Bud- in information as to scarcely belong dhism is beginning to assert itself at to this century, or is so oblivious to the capital, which has been invaded by the sufferings of his fellow·men in a large number of Japanese, and a new heathen lands as to make him beyond Buddhist temple will soon be seen aris- hearing or beneath notice. The teach· ing on the site of an ancient marble er, the preacher, and the healer should pagoda in the center of this city. In conquer heathenism together in the view of the present opportunity, the name of Christ who combined in his missionary force in Korea is lament- work these three spheres of activity. ably small. But while Christians may believe in medical missions, the practical results Work in Formosa was interrupted do not evidence a realization of the for some time by the excitement of the great need for more medical missionpeople at the cession of the island to the aries-not while it remains true that Japanese. Quiet has, however, been in the United States there are 4090 restored, and the work is progressing physicians to every 2,500,000, and in quietly but certainly. We may confi- China only one to the same number. dently hope that before many years the whole island will not only be civilized, The missionary outlook, however but Christianized. The story of the dark and lowering the clouds may seem marvelous transformations here is of in the immediate horizon, is brightthe most intense interest.* bright as the promises of God. It is hoped and believed that the Christian The outlook is bright for Tibet. The world is becoming more aroused to the disagreement between the members of duty, the necessity, and the privilege of the original Tibetan Pioneer Mission is witnessing in the uttermost parts of th" being used by God to set two missions earth. While there are attacks here instead of one watching and praying and there upon missionary purposes and for the opportunity to preach the Gos- policy, there are, on the other hand, pel in this Buddhistic stronghold. The many honored and capable witnesses negotiations between Great Britain and from secular circles who are giving no Tibet give hopes for an open door in uncertain testimony to the value and the near future. need of missionary work. There is a call at home for more men and more One result of the impotence and fail- money, and abroad for new stations ure of the Chinese Government has been and increased facilities for work. that the Dalai Lama, who, contrary to the usual Chinese custom, has been al- The broad facts of the state of the lowed to attain the age of nineteen, has world require to be often placed before claimed for himself the temporal as us, and they utter their pleadings as we well as the spiritual supremacy in his look at them. There is about one own country, and has informed the Christian minister for every 900 persons Chinese minister resident at Lhasa that in Great Britain. and to every 800 in the he owes no allegiance to the emperor. United States; one for every 200,000 in This may have an important influence Japan, one for every 250,000 in Africa, on Tibetan missions, as it has been one for every 300,000 in India, one for greatly owing to Chinese power and every 400,000 in South America, and one authority that Tibet has been hitherto for every '700,000 in China. Are the closed against foreign travelers and forces of the Christian Church wisely teachers. distributed? If all Christians lived for the worid's conversion, great residential There is now little need to either changes would shortly take place.

* Read ." From Far Formosa," by G. L. Mc- :Kay. F. H. Revell, New York, $2.00..

IV.-EDITORIAL DEPARTMENT.

In view of the conflict of statements ism has taken possession of them. The as to the Sunday issues of newspapers men from Bach, from Gossner in Ber- in Japan, from a private letter of Rev. lin, from Hermannsburg, from the Mora.

H. Loomis, for twenty years agent of vians, have rarely been university men."

the American Bible Society at Yoko- Mr. Allan W. Webb writes from hama, dated August 21st, 1895, we make this extract : Geeling. Victoria: "In regard to the publication of •• Within the last ten years the inter- Sunday newspapers in Japan, I am in- est in foreign missions in Australasia formed by one of the staff of the Japan has increased immensely. Prior to that Mail that the Nippon and Yomiuri there were but few of the children of Shimbun issue a paper every day alike; our own land in foreign tlelds. The but the others print an edition Satur- Wesleyan missions in the South Seas were recruited from Australia, but be- yond that the Australian churches had day afternoon or evening, and there is hardly any if any representatives. no issue Monday morning, because Sun- Since then our own sons and daughters day is a day of rest (underscored by Rev. have gone to China, India. Korea, New Mr. Loomis). My informant gives his Hebrides. New Guinea, and Equatorial opinion that this is the custom through- Africa and South Africa, and the enout Japan (as in Tokyo and Yokohama). thusiasm grows instead of diminishing. He also thinks that this has been the course adopted by the publishers of Had the funds of the respective socieach newspaper from the time it was eties been larger, many more would first started" (in these twenty-three have been sent out. The financially years). crippled state of the colonies tells upon missionary enterprises as well as upon others. Yet there are evidences of the fact that our faith in the God of mis- sions is strong enough to face growing The authority of Rev. Mr. Loomis, a responsibilities.

cautious man in all his statements, is " The training home for female for· sufficient; but this from one of the eign missionaries, under the charge of staff of the Japan Mail, the largest Mrs. Warren. has in it at present eight paper in Japan, should settle the ques- or nine young women destined to protion. Virtually the 550 papers and ceed to different parts in the service of periodicals in Japan these twenty-three the churches. years observe the day of rest. .. The Australasian branch of the China Inland Mission has just accepted eight young men candidates to go out in September. " The Ku Cheng massacre awakened Professor Howald Osgood, of Roches- universal grief throughout Australia. ter. promises to say something to our While the secular press was crying out, readers soon on " the electric connection .. Wherefore this waste?" the heroic between a belief in the Bible as the veritable Word of God and a belief in the mother of two of the martyrs (Mrs. duty and success of missions." And Saunders. a resident in Melbourne) was rejoicing in the honor the Saviour had put upon her and her daughters in per- mitting them thus to suffer for His he well remarks that "when a man name. begins to doubt the possibility of foretelling, and the foretelling found in the The Australian Board of Missions has Bible, there is no possible basis for mis- charge of the work of the Church of sions except in a desire to improve the England in Australia and islands admorals of others; but that is not strong jacent. Its last report says: .. One enough to move his purse. If mis- word fittingly describes t1).e work of sions, home and foreign, are the ther- this board-the word progress." A self· denial effort in the year 1894 con- tributed largely to the cheering results mometer of the state of the churches, reported. The most important mission is the New Guinea Mission. In 1891 it it would be a good idea to compare all suffered a serious loss in the death of that has been done by graduates from its pioneer leader, the Rev. Albert tije Qerp}an universities since rational- Maclaren. It has now a staff consist.

EDITORIAL DEPARTMENT

lng of two ordained ministers and four "During the past five weeks some lay workers, with five South Sea Island five hundred Moors, Jews, and Spanevangelists. The Rev. C. King, M.A., iards have died in Tangier from cholera. its head, appeals for more workers. He The Moslems say that a little man is requires at least half II dozen European riding about on a white horse shooting missionaries aud forty colored teachers. arrows at different people, and those who are wounded suffer from cholera. The BeHenden Ker Mission is devoted Very many of them refuse to take any to the aboriginals of Northern Queens- medicine, saying it is useless, and addland. The Rev. E. R. B. Gribble is at Ing that the followers of Mahomet who its head, assisted by three lay workers die of this sickness are sure to be aud two colored laborers. The success saved." of this mission and the prospect of its extension lead to a pressing of its Oentral Ohina Ohristian Missionary claims: and the aboriginal mission is that on Lake C.)ndah under the Rev. Oouvention. J. H. Stahle. The religious results of this mission are not very striking, but The seventh annual convention of the the Gospel is elevating morally and so- missionaries representing the Disciples cially this degraded people. of Christ in China was held in May last The Melanesian Mission has its own in Nankin. bishop, Dr. Cecil Wilso? In t~is .mission there are 8929 baptIzed ChrIstIans, This society supports work at five of whom 1111 have been confirmed; there are 12,183 persons under instruc- stations, all in the valley of the Yangtion in 122 schools with 381 teachers. tse: Shanghai, Nankin, Wllhu, Chll- The staff consists of the bishop, 10 white clergy and 9 native clergy and Cheo, and Luh-Hoh. 3 European lay workers. In spite of the war, the cause of Christ In addition to these the board carries bas made good progress. At its comon mission work among the Chinese mencement cOUldderable hostility was resident in the Australian colonies. The agents include Mr. Cheok Hong shown toward all foreigners. One of Cheong, an educated and refined gentleman, who has passed through a regular our missionaries, while traveling theological training, and who speaks through the country, was stopped by a English with perfect purity and ease. In addition to Mr. Che3ng there are group of soldiers and rather roughly nine other missionaries to the Chinese. Night schools are vigorously and suc- handled. After debating the propriety cessfully worked in connection with this mission. of throwing him in the river, they finally The Baptists of Australasia have released him. Later, by the efforts of chosen East Bengal as the field of their the officials and the wide circulation of operations. About twelve years ago a revival of missionary interest resulted their proclamations, the people were in the sending forth the first ladies for zenana work, and since then these mis- made to understand that there is more sions have gl'own year by year. There than one foreign country, and that none are over eight millions of people in the district in which they work. South but Japan had rebelled-so the procla- AustraJia has Faridpur, Victoria, Mymensing, New South Wales, Noakha:li, mations read. Tasmania, assisted by South AustralIa, Paboa, and New Zealand, Tippera. Even many of the officials bave ap- There are twenty-five European la- parently not yet learned that American borers six of them men, the rest wom- and European countries do not pay en, with a full stall' of native assistants. tribute to the .. Son of Heaven" at The work among the Garos has been most successful. Last year 144 were Pekin. Now that peace is declared, baptized. There are now about 350 converts connected with the mis3ions. some are saying that the Americans haeI The Rev. Silas Mead, M.A., and the injured t.he .. great country's" people Rev. W. T. Whitley, M.A., are about to visit this field. in aCapluifnoirsnhima eanntdtheelseEwmhpereer,oranbdadthuai-t as Our correspondent in Tangier, Mo- rected them to put a stop to tbe ravrocco, Rev. N. H. Patrick, writes: ages of the Japanese; that the Amed- cans were unable to do so by force of arms, and so had bought them oft' with several hundred millions of dollars.

The ease with which the mandarins have quieted the suspicions of the peo- ple in this district and turned their hos- tility into friendliness is proof that their statements of four years ago and since were false, that they could not control the people and prevent riots. The few instanc.es of ill will since t.he proclamations are the exceptions. One of our number, on visiting an inland The latter during the year provided for 257 in-patients and 86 opium pacity. was seized as a Japanese spy. tients. At the two dispensaries there were seen 4012 new cases and 6512 old The offer by our viceroy of fifty taels ones.

for every Japanese bead made some We have prayed most earnestly that God might overrule this cruel war for people very patriotic. Thll gentleman the furtherance of the Gospel. We believe we are entering upon a new era placed in this unpleasant predicament in the history of mission work in this land. had his passport with him, however, The governor-general, Chang Chihand as soon as the magistrate heard of Tung, has already taken steps to reor- ganize the army of this region on Westthe alIair he took: prompt measures for ern models. lIe is also building a ma- . cadamized road through his capital his release, and caused the informer to (Nankin), and seems determined to in- troduce many improvementR. We trl}st make a public apology. that as the Chinese adopt Western ClV- ilization they may be led to see that There were twenty-one baptisms dur- that which is the source of all that is best in Western civHization is the reing the year, and there are in addition ligion of Jesus.

between twenty and thirty inquirers. E. T. WILLIAMS. NANKIN, CJJINA, May 19, 1895. One old gentleman, sixty-two years The editor owes it to himself and his of age, is a retired official. For many readers to say that the sentiments of years past he has been an earnest seeker Dr. Jessup's article In the December after truth. He read a great many number do not represent his own, as to Buddhist books in search of peace and the fulfilment of prophecies touching hope. but found nothing satisfying un- Israel, etc. til a few days ago he accepted Christ. As this is a Re1JieUl, there is n, manifest A native physician living on a small propriety ill allowing contributors to island in the mouth of the Yang-tse present their own views, even when on Kalng came all the way to Shanghai to minor matters they do not altogether urge one of the missionaries to visit his accord with those of the editor; and home and preach the Gospel there. He this has been the policy pursued, unless was first interested in Christianity by the divergence touches fundamental reading a copy of "Martin's Evi- truths. But while giving Dr. Jessup thus full dences, .. and was led to the present step opportunity to represent his own opinby reading in the Ohung-Si-Kiao.HlIJui, ions untrammeled, the editor cannot for- Pao an account of the conversion of the bear to add at least a demurrer. This leader of a vegetarian sect on the neigh- method of dealing with prediction, in boring island of Tsung·mlng. our opinion, makes havoc of all proph- A certain Mrs. Liu, of Shanghai, was ecy. Dr. Jessup seems to us to contraa most violent persecutor of her daugh- dict himself. In one paragraph he ter, who had become a Christian. Last makes Israel only another namefor tlle year she wag taken ill, and a Bible- ohU'I'ch of God, and on the next page he an refers to the final salvation of Israel, woman, Mrs. Lee, visited her frequently. as a body now maintaining its separaand showed her much kindness. But the thin~ that softened Mrs. Liu's heart tion, etc. Again, he says that if the was seemg the Bible-woman kneel on prophecies referring to His kingship are her dirty floor and pray for her. Her to be taken literally, then, as •• Messiah was to be an earthly king, He hall never prejndice being removed, it was not come." Of course He has never yet long before she had followed her daugh- ter into the church. A more curious case is that of Miss Young, who was said to be possessed of a devil. She was a terror to the whole nei.ghborhood. I shall not attempt to explain her con- dition, as Dr. Nevius's book, just pub· lished, goes very thoroughly into the wlwle question. It is sutlicient to say that the Chinese all regard it as devil possession. This girl was chained itl her hDme; yet the fil'st time she heard the message of the Gospel she was won- derfully calmed, and restored to her normal condition. She is now sitting at the feet of Jesus, "clothed and in her right mind," and has also led her younger sistm; to Christ. These are some of the triumphs ot the Gospel during the past year. En- couraging reports were also received from the boarding-school and the hos- pital. _…. come as an earthly king-that is re- of the secretaries, that always form the served for His second coming. staple of the diet, did not fall behind the usual standard of merit. The No- For ourselves we have found it abso- vember MiBsiona;ry He'l'ald is always a lutely necessary to observe the distinc- thesaurus of missionary literature-a tion Paul makes between" Jew, Gentile, volume in itself. and Ohurch of God," which are never confused in the New Testament; and Dr. Palmer's report on finance, of to observe also the distinction between course, awakened great interest, urging the offices of propbet and priest, what that before March 1st, 1896, the $115,- Christ fulfils from His incarnation to 000 debt with which the fiscal year His second advent; and the kingly began be wiped out-a pity, indeed, which He is to fulfil in the glory of His that such a grand board should be half second coming. paralyzed by a debt that equals one fifth of the annual appropriation to its Probably some of our readers will be work! stirred up to present more fully the counter argument under the impulse of A " Disciples Union of the Order of Dr. Jessup's paper. the Double Cross" is now organized-a movement for world-wide medical mis- The Maroh of Events. sions. The name is taken from a device representing two crosses, one overlying The eighty-sixth annual meeting of the other, and the extremities of which the A. B. C. F. M.. in Brooklyn, in Oc- bear respectively the initials of the tober, under presidency of the vener- words" body" and" soul." able and beloved Dr. Storrs, was, of course, largely attended. The presi- This new International Order has dent announced a conditional gift of been recently established by Dr. George $25,000 from a nameless giver for the D. Dowkontt, of New York, and condebt, and thns early a stimulus was sists of four guilds: the Physicians', given to the subscriptions for this ob- Students', Nurses,' and Helpers' guilds. ject. The board mectings have been The purpose is to affiliate all Christian models in their way of interesting and physicians, with those who are studying inspiring missionary gatherings. Tho the art of healing for both body and soul, presence of such men in the chair as and all who are disposed to aid by pray- Dr. Hopkins and Dr. Storrs, the ad- er, work, or gifts, in a great internadresses and papers of such masters of tional association. F. G. Strickland, missions as Drs. Anderson and Clark of Hiram, 0., is corresponding secreand Smith and Treat and Means, and tary, and will reply "to any inquiries. the noble addresses of the fOIemost mis· We have thus one more organization to sionaries from the great fields of the be known as the D. U. O. D. C., the world, have combined to make these oc- main end of which is to send medical casions like the annual gatheriugs of missions to the foreign field. the tribes in the Holy City in ancient times. Since the Andover controversies The map and chart used in our Nocame in to interrupt the harmony, these vember (1895) issue were kindly loaned meetings have never regained their for- by Miss Guinness from her very valuamer prestige and spiritual power, bnt ble book, "The Neglected Continent." they are still a noble contribution to the The book is now so well known that cause of missions. On this occasion Dr. acknowledgment is scarcely necessary. Farnsworth, of Turkey, Dr. Chauncey Goodrich, of North China, and others The Church Missionary Society, like them gave variety and charm to which represents the evangelical porthe meetings; and the splendid papers tion of the Church of England member· ship, gives in its latest report details of of the late C. H. Spurgeon. Anyone world wide operations during the ninety- who Is disposed and qualified to enter sixth year of the society's existence. on this work may communicate with 'fhe total receipts amounted to £272,000. Mr. Duncan at Metlakahtla, Kitchikan, One way in which the increase in the Alaska. missionary force has been effected is by the addition both of honorary missiona- The thirteenth Mohonk Indian conries and of missionaries specially main- ference, again meeting at Mr. Smiley's tained by their own families, or by in- Grand Hotel at Lake Mohonk, had one dividual friends, or by small societies. hundred and fifty guests this year to 'fhese now number one hundred and consider the needs of these much-negfifty-four. In most cases, these con- lected and long.oppressed natives of our tributions to support the donors' " own country. This modest annual confermissionaries" are independent of, and ence is quietly doing untold good in additional to, their regular subscrip- moulding private opinion, public sentitions, and they come chiefly not from ment, and even governmental legislathe wealthy, but from the rank and file tion in behalf of the Indian trioos, and of the society's supporters. helping them upward in their manly struggles toward education and Chris- This, the greatest missionary organI- tianization. The Indian problem is one zation in the world, has impressed us, of the perplexing questions of our day, after much observation of Us methods, demanding the utmost resources of as deservedly outranking all others philanthropy, statesmanship, and Chrisamong all the denominational boards in tian wisdom. The Y. M. C. A. is doing the apostolic character of its methods noble work among them; various eduand spirit. It has a very large num· cational institutions, like those at Carber of missionaries in the field, and yet lisle, Pa., and missionary efforts put keeps out of debt; its prayer services forth in their behalf, have all been are most frequent and fervent, and its greatly owned of God, notwithstanding harmony wonderfully maintained. No the prejudice awakened in the red man reader of the Ohurch Missionary Intel- by political and commercial wrongs. ligencer needs to be told what a power that pamphlet is in its intelligent. advo- These Mohonk conferences gather tocacy of missions, or how pure and ex- gether such men as President Gates of alted is its tone. Amherst, ex-Commissioner Morgan, Commissioner Browning, Superinten- Annette Island, Alaska, given to dent Hallman, General Whittlesey, William Duncan for his New Metla- Herbert Welsh, Dr. Riggs of Santee, kahtla by the United States, is now in· Captain Pratt of Carlisle, ex·Senator volved in the boundary disputes, as was Dawes (author of the Dawes Bill, stated in our previous issue. providing for lands in severalty), Gen- eral O. O. Howard, Dr. Sheldon Jack- There is great need of a fully qualified son of Alaska, Commissioner Harris, medical man, who should be married, Superintendent Skinner-in fact, the and who with his wife would be willing best counsellors on the Indian question heartily to throw themselves into the which the country can provide; and a evangelistic work of that most interest· few full-blooded Indians add a practical ing mission. Mr. J. D. Bluett, who proof of what can be done by education from 1884-94 was associated with Mr. and piety in making the red man a rep- Duncan as medical missionary, was with resentative citizen and Christian. great regret obliged to go back to England. There need be no difficulty as to —, stipend if a suitable man can be found. An American would be preferable. Mr. The Zenana Bible and Medical Mission. Duncan's views aro identical with those At the annual meeting, at London, Eng., in April, under the presidencyof Lord Kinnaird, a most encour- is a serious blow to our work. This republlc. said to be the most advanced aging account was given of tile year's in Central America, seems in religious liberty to be putting the clock backoperations. Progress and blessing were ward. The Central American Mission has agents in the interior, some learnmanifest in every part, while fresh ing the language, others doing good work. openings were arising all round. "Surrounding republics are in a de- The Rev_ A. R. Cavalier gave a brief plorable spiritual condition. Fields abstract of the report. The medical ready for the seed, but very few to work at Benares, Lucknow, and Patna sow. Why this part of the continent Las grown wonderfully. Baptisms has been so long neglected by the Protare reported from many stations, while estant churches of the States is a questhe government inspectors report most tion often asked by visitors from Eusatisfactorily of the educational work. rope and other parts.

Mr. W. T. Paton's financial state- "In connection with the Jamaica Baptist Missionary Society we are seek· ment showed that the society has now ing to give the Gospel to the people in reached an annual income of £20,000 ; this place and along the railroad, as with twenty-four new missionaries, fur- also the coast. At Bocas del 'I'oro we ther funds are now required. have a mission, also the lH.ethodist Free Church. But thenatives are in igno- The Dean of Norwich moved a reso- rance of the pure Gospel of Christ. Oh, lution of thankfulness for the extension that some Elijah would arouse the of the work, which was seconded by churches in the States to nriae and take Mrs. NikambC, a native of Bombay. possession of these countries I A more needy or promising field cannot be The Rev. G. H. C. Macgregor moved found. B,r all means prevent overlapa resolution in favor of extending the ping at thIS time of day. The field is village mission work in India, and Miss too large, time too precious for this to Fallon, from Allahabad, sp()ke from be continued. Our business is to cover personal experience regarding the value the field as speedily as possible_ Alas I of such work and the need to extend it there is still a tendency when new among India's villages. ground is broken to rush in. All the churches would do well to pause before .Joshua Heath Sobey, Baptist mis- Paul's words: "Not where Christ was IIlready named, not building upon ansionary, writes from Port Limon, Costa other man's foundation. They shall see where no tidings of Him come. And Rica, C. A., September 22d, 1895 : they who have not heard shall under- stand." .. We have been in this country now over seven years. For some years I In her annual address to the World's was the only Protestant missionary in the country. Woman's Christian Temperance Union, .. Our work has been chiefly among in London, June 19th, Miss Frances E. the English-speaking. My helper. Rev. J. Hayter. is learning the Hpanish with Willard spoke in pari as follows: a view to work among the natives. Before either the British or American Bi- " The missionary societies are our ba· ble societies had agents in this country sis of hope, and will be for many years to we were privileged to circulate thou- come. There are 280 of these associasands of copies of the Scriptures, both tions with 9000 missionaries from for· in Spanish and English. eign lands, and native preachers and teachers to the number of 55,000. Four- " The British and Foreign Bible So- teen million dollars are annually inciety kindly responded to our appeal. vested in missionary work, and in round The bishop and priests don't like the numbers 3,000,000 of human beings are Bible, and do their utmost to keep the directly associated with these missions people from possessing a Cl'py. 'Vhen either as members or close friends. possible they burn the book. In places The Scriptures have been translated where we have labored for years, and into 220 languages spoken by Dlnc with some degree of success, the bishop tenths of the human race, and 160,000,- threatens to build a Roman Catholic 000 copies of the Bible have been circuchurch in every such place. Four are lated sin(',{l this century begsn. Four already ordered, so you see we have fifths of the Continent of Africa are alprovoked them to works. A system ready under European control. Forty which produces results such as we see compels to the conclusion that the papal church needs the Gospel of Christ as much as the so-called heathen. One great need with us is suitable places to conduct worship in. The government l1as prohibited open-air services. This missionary societies, 700 foreign mis- the same stupid, God-dishonoring thing sionaries, and 7000 native preachers are as of old, when the people of Lystra deat work, and about 1,000,000 of the clared that the gods "had come down population are already under Christian in the likeness of men. " As the bishop passed through Pungo Andongo, a king influences . ft'Om the interior came to open up trade; .. The opening of China and the in- so he arranged a cot in his own room for the repose of his majesty. Next dependence of Korea are events of great day the king said to Mr. Shields, the significance in the work we have be- missionary: "I heard in my own counfore us. Japan has risen like a star try of the bishop with the long beard. from the horizon toward the zenith He is not a man at all ; he is a god come among modern nations. Her Red down to men. Last night when he Cross Society and the army order in- came into the bedroom I saw him take viting the missiollaries to furnish every off Ws head (wig) and lay it down by soldier with a copy of the New Testa- his bed, and yet he had a head same as ment are indications that the Japanese before. I was scared nearly to death, are not lovers of war, but may_ be ex- and trembled all over. If he had pected to combine with the Western touched me then I would have died. powers, so much admired by the Island He is the god that piled up these great Kingdom of the East, to substitute ar- bitration for the sword. .. The least-known country of the world has been Thibet, but by a new treaty with Great Britain through her Indian Empire, the first open treatyport has been established beyond the border of that mysterious realm, whence the Mahatma will soon vanish under Pungo mountains. If I could have got the light of Christian civilization. gut of the room I would have run for my life, but the god was between me " A young Englishwoman, a physi- and the door, and I couldn't get out. cian, has been escorted from India to When I go home to my people I will Afghanistan by a special embassy from tell them that I saw a god, and came the Ameer, and has made an impres- near to the end of my life." He could sion so favorable by her ministrations not be induced to risk his life in that among the women of the court, that room again. there is every reason to believe that she will be followed by others of her class, There is a tree of death in Java. and that mountain kingdom will come The natives call it the Kali Mujah. Its into touch with the electric shock of breath would kill birds and even huthe new century. man beings. One day when Rev. E. S. Ufford was chasing a bird of paradise, "This heritage of ours, the planet he noticed that it dropped suddenly to earth, has now been practically explor- the ground, under a tree. He examed in every nook and corner, and every ined the tree, and began himself to feel place will soon be so near to every strangely, as the odors from its leaves other place that communication can be began to be inhaled by him. His head had from the centers of civilization to swam, and ringing sounds came to his the circumference. The darkest, sad- ears as though he were being chlorodest spot, the' open sore of the world.' formed. He hastened away from it, is the Turkish Empire, from which but procured a specimen and sent it to happily many branches have alreadl America, which, it is said, is the first been knocked off, and others are practi- one transplanted in our soil. .. What cally sure to be-first of all hapless Ar- a striking illustration this is of the tree menia and Macedonia. Whatever evil of death, which has been planted in our tends to its own cure heaps up its own fair America by the distiller I It has retribution-prophesies its own remedy; leaves for the blighting of the nations. the blood of the Armenians revealed I see the young, the middle-aged, the the wound. The sick man of Con- old, chasing the birds of pleasure, and stantinople will find its territory closing closely round him, his maligned power will recoil upon himself, and Christian education and civilization may be trusted to lift even the Turk, the most malevolent member of our great family circle, to the level of decencv and afterward decorum among the nations of the earth. "

Bishop TaylorarraJgns heathenism as then falling down beneath the dark shadow of this baleful tree, to die there, victims to the treachery of a few. Mrs.

never to rise again. Would that we Stewart (wife of Rev. Mr. Stewart, who was killed), with her children and maid, might lay the ax at the root of this were up the mountains, where my daughtree !" ters and their friends usually spend the l!ummer, and I suppose the maid and Among the victims of the Chinese some of the children have escaped. I think, from what I know, they were massacres were the Misses Saunders, most likely attacked at night."

and their mother shows the martyr " The elder Miss Saunders found her medical knowledge very useful. She spirit in rejoicing to be accounted studied further in China under Dr.

worthy to suffer in giving them up to Gregory, a medical missionary. From death for the Lord's sake. Her con- eight to twelve daily she received pa- tients, dressed their limbs, and preversation about it is beautifully saintly. scribed for them. Then after lunch she A few facts about these heroic daugh- went out with Miss Elsie Marshall, a ters may interest our readers : friend, who used to preach, and my daughter to prescribe for the listeners. They were born at Brighton, Eng- By this means they got hold of the peoland. At the time of their confirmation ple. Then they always took a Biblp- they began to seek a field to work for woman with them, because she had the Lord. Mr. Beauchamp and Mr. more ready command of the language, Hudson Taylor fired their hearts with and the Chinese trusted her more, and the stories of the woes and wants of the so they worked from day to day."

heathen, and they both decided to dedi- This elder daughter passed her second cate their lives to this work of missions. examination in the language last May, In 1892 they got the chance they had after being out fifteen months. The been waiting for, and were accepted as younger daughter passed her first ex- workers if they would first qualify amination last Easter, and was prepar- themselves by some additional study. ing for the other. The elder was This they consented to. The eldest twenty-four and the younger two years daughter spent six months in the Mel- her junior. Great success has attended bourne Hospital gaining medical knowl- the work of the Christians in China.

edge, which has been invaluable to her. At this particular place, Kucheng, there Then they got training in theology. On are five hundred Christians. Mr. Stew- October 16th, 1893, they left Sydney for art baptized eighty last time he held a China. Their home has been at Ku- baptismal service. It is a glorious work.

cheng. Of course little is known yet Miss Gordon worked with the Misses of the actual massacre, but something S':mnders, and shared their fate. She of the state of affairs prior to the event. should have been away during the mas- Those Vegetarians, the avowed enemies sacre, July and August being the holito law and order, have been causing day months. Mrs. Saunders'S daughmuch trouble. They are the rabble, the ters hoped to come home on furlough, scum of society, the nihilists of China. but had dedicated themselves to their The morning papers stated that they work. Indeed, if the mother could acted under the direction of the man- have sold her property she would darin, but these ladies have testified have gone herself, aud has not given that the mandarin was very kind to up the idea of going even now_ She them, and promised to protect them. declares she would go to-morrow if " May not the seeming kindness, and she could dispose of her property. the assistance in their murder, be just Mrs. Saunders frequently referred to another instance of the duplicity of the the "glorious deaths" of the victims, Chinese character?" was the question anti counts them" privileged to die for put to the mother. the Lord." She says: "I do not think " The duplicity of the Chinese char- of their bodies. I think of them in acter is no worse than the duplicity of heaven. If I had two other daughters some Christians' character," she replied I would send them to follow in the footwarmly. "I stand up for the Chinese. steps of their sisters," was her noble at- They are not to be judged by the work testation. One of the last sentences of their rabble any more than we should penned by Miss Lizzie Saunders to her if the strikers had perpetrated outrages. mother was as follows: The respectable Chinese are a fine peo- " Lord Jesus, Refiner and Purifier of ple, and I exonerate them_ My daugh- souls, cleanse and make holy for Thyters and their friends had onl,t returned self; and in the trial of faith which is home, after going away tIll it was more preciou8 than gold which perish- thought safe to return, and bave fallen eth, we can remember that He said, ' If it be possible, let this cup pass from Me.' nothing except to indoctrinate Korean But it was not possible. If it had youth in a new and composite faith in been possible where would all those which Buddhism, Shintoism, and fraghosts be that will rejoice because their ments of other beliefs and unbeliefs are robes are washed white in the blood of heterogeneously mingled, the Koreans the Lamb? They could not be in glory would be as well off without such teachshouting Hallelujah to the Lamb that ing. Christian missionaries, like Dr. once was slain, and if the cup could Baird and his fellow-workers, can at pass from our lips we would go empty- least give to Korea a positive and defihanded to the gate of heaven. We nite gospel of salvation. The missionwould never know the joy of living ary in that country is hedged about alone with Jesus. He is unspeakably with peculiar difficulties, no doubt, but precious. He comes so near. I love this is nothing new. We have only to Him so. He draws one with cords of study the acts of the Apostles to see all love that never fail, never break, never the hindrances of modern missions long hurt. " ago exemplified. It will never be easy work to convert men from sin to God, Anyone seeing the comfortable home but the salvation of a single soul is the young ladies abandoned when they priceless in God's sight. left" The Willows" to labor in China would know that only devotion to their A very prominent and discriminating work would induce them to make the change. Both were beautiful girls. The elder was an excellent pianist, and both were well fitted to shine in society, and had every inducement to give themselves up to a life of pleasure.

They chose differently.

friend of missions writes: About Korean Missions.-Rev. Mr. "I have been reading Henry Nor- Baird, of Fusan, says the new Bud- man's' People and Politics in the Far dhism of Japan takes all it can from East. ' It is very brilliant and instruc- Christianity and other sources to arm tive, but of course from the point of view of a ' Britisher ' and a club man; itself with new aggressive and propa- and his criticisms of missions and mis- gandist methods. Emissaries, of the sionaries are ignorant, prejudiced, and new Buddhist creed in Japan are visit- untrue. I will just indicate the pages ing the old Buddhist monasteries in on which they are found, as others may want to turn to them and refute them- Korea, endeavoring to persuade, them I saw in the Outlook a protest against to adopt the m~thods in use in their own them-pages 280, 281, 282-304, 305, 306, country, and offering to take Korean 307, 308. " He quotes the phrase as applied to youth thither to be educated. 'fhese them, 'ignorant declaimers in bad Chioffers have been accepted by some of nese,' and endorses it. 'Protestant mis- the Korean officials, and when the sionary tracts are distributed bearing young men are suitably indoctrinated, coarse illustrations of such biblical inci- dents as the swallowing of Jonah by they are to return as propagandists of the whale and the killing of Sisera by that faith among their own people. Dr. Jae1.' 'Moreover, … the Protestant Baird does not think that there is a sin· missionaries have circulated the whole gle Japanese Christian in Fusan, and Bible in Chinese. But they have re- cently seen their error.' 'There are says that the entire Japanese influence some men among the Protestant misthere is anti-Christian and immoral. sionaries of the highest character and Japan owes to the introduction of devotion. . •. These, however, are a Christianity, and of the civilization small minority.' 'At any rate, in con· sidering the future of China, the miswhich owes all its greatness to Chris- sionary influence cannot be counted tianity, its elevation to a new level as a upon for any good.'

nation. Yet, with the perverseness of "This is his conclusion of the whole human depravity, there is a tendency to matter, and with this last he dismisses the subject. It makeE any intelligent blend all religions into new combina- student of missions very indignant, and tions, which certainly never has worked vitiates his testimony on every branch well. If missionaries of Japan can do of information upon which he wrote."

GENERAL MISSIONARY INTELLIGENCE

V.-GENERAL MISSIONARY INTELLIGENCE.

EDITED BY BEV. D. L. LEON.UlD.

Extracts and Translations from Foreign twelve centuries been under the civil· Periodioals. izing power of the Buddhist religion and the Confucian philosophy, while BY REV. C. C. STARBUCK, ANDOVER, the Malagese have been worshiping rude idols, the Tribune pronounces MASS. these a hopelessly savage people, and gives the French carte blanclw to work MADAGASCAR. their will on them! France is very much obliged to it, and as for truth, -The New York Tribune informs no one looks for it ou such a subject, the public that great interest has been in such a quarter. felt in Madagascar since the official and wholesale acceptance of Christian- Our English race has professed Chrisity by its people, and that many have tianity for about thirteen centuries, and looked upon it as a fulfilment of the this has exercised a powerful and adprophecy that a nation shall be born in vancing influence on the softening and a day, and that hopes have been enter- puriflcation of our manners. Yet are tained that lbdagascar might become we to·day in reality anything more an enlightened and progressive power than imperfectly reclaimed barbarians? like Japan,but that her people, not- The Germans have been called Chriswithstanding their acceptance of Chris- tians for something over a thousand tianily, have made no real advance in years, and can anything better be said civilization, and remaining savages of them? A work thnt is laid out for have met the fate which seems reserved eternity may well require an reon to acfor all savage peoples, by falling under complish. Therefore if the Malagese, the dominion of a civilh.ed power_ in a body, were to accept Christianity to-morrow-and that not to please the This is a specimen of the kind of in- Queen, but of their own motion-they formation as to missions that may be would remain less than half civilized expected from one of our great news- for genera.tions yet. The declaration papers. The" official and wholesale" of the Tribune, however, that they acceptance of Christianity consists in have made no real advance in civilizathe more or less nominal adherence of tion, signifies nothing whatever except about 600,OOO-largely computed-out that the editor wishes to please the of a total population of about 3,500,000 French and the unbelievers. It is ut- -that is, of about one sixth. It is terly contradicted by facts. To say true, the real and nominal Christians that the two central provinces-which belong almost exclusively to the ruling almost alone come in question-have races of the Hovas and Betsileos, form- made no real advance in civilization, ing about one third or perhaps one half even though weighed down by slaveI'Y of these. There has, therefore, been and despotism, under the influence of no "official and wholesale" acceptance a thousand schools, and the constant of Christianity even by the dominant proclamation of the Gospel of purity, race. And yet because the barbarous righteousness, and humanity by sev- Hovas and BetsiUios, surrounded and eral thousand preachers, is to contrainfluenced by an equal number of far dict the nature of the human mind, and more barbarous tribes, over whom they the testimony of scores of observing and exercise a little more than nominal au- conscientious men. However, as it is thority, have not, in a single generation, at present of much more consequence themselves remaining half heathen, to please the French than to tell the made Madagascar a highly civilized nation like Japan, that has for some

EXTlU.CTS AND TRANSLATIONS

truth about the Hovas, the Tribune is the J()Urnal des Mi88ionl, referring to wise in its generation. the proposition made by some English CHINA. men-heathen, evidently, not Christians -" Turning from the [Kucheng] massacre to its causes, the question be- -to guard against trouble with China comes a little perplexing. Indeed, It will be wise to suspend our judgment by forbidding Englishmen to go to until the results of the commission are made known. But the theory wbich China as missionaries, very justly reat first found favor in the public press, that this sanguinary plot was due to re- marks, that it is for the governments, ligious fanaticism, will not bear eXlUIlination, and must be dismissed as untena· and not for the missionaries to deterble; for religIous fanaticism in Chinn is conspicuous by its absence. Race mine how far they will concern themfanaticism is strong; contempt and hatred for foreigners are common enough, selves with outrages upon the missionand are almost universal among the cultured gentry and official classes, the aries, but that the question whether li~at£ and the mandarins; but, as the Rev. George Cockburn, of the Church Christian men and women shall proof Scotland Mission at Ichang, now at home, In a letter to the Abe,·dun. Free claim the Gospel throughout the world Pres8, says: "No people are so latitudinarian. You may have any relig- depends on the authority of Christ, and ion, or no religion, and you will offend none of their prejudices. This is the not of human governments. No Christestimony of all who come into close personal contact with the Chinese. tian man could possibly hold himself Anti-foreign and not anti-missionary feeling is the potent influence at work. bound in conscience to obey a law of Gradually, the best-informed organs of opinion in this country are coming to his government forbidding him to go see this-notably, the Times, in an article which appeared on August 13th. abroad as a missionary. It would be Indeed, the indignation meetings held by the foreign communities in various beyond its legitimate competency, It treaty ports in China disprove this theory of religious fanaticism. The entire might as well be proposed to forbid community, as with one voice, has de· clared its conviction that it is the safety, the preaching of Christianity at home. treaty rights, and liberties of foreigners generally that are threatened, and that That will probably be the next step. it is the mandarins who are the offenders and need to be taught that their The old pagan worship of the State a3 wily plots can hoodwink no one. This will grow clearer to the treaty powers supreme in everything is making rapid as they proceed to investigate the situation, and we may safely leave this side progress; but England will probably of the question in the hands of the British Government."-The Oll/ron.ick. be the last country of Christendom to -Professor F. HERMAN KRUGER, in succumb to it, the last in which the reign of AntiChrist will be established.

However this may be, the history or the Church is one long series of ad- vancements won against the will of the State, and she would cease to be the Church if this should cease to be true of her. "We ought to obey God rath· er than men." When Christians cease to be refractory fanatics in the eyes of the world, they are no longer Chris- tians. In everything temporal, they are bound to be submissive and obedi- ent, but when Cresar undertakes to check the very essence of the Church, which is diffusion through the world, he becomes the deputy of the great enemy. .

.. , It is very singular," said a learned Chinese, who believes in Christ, 'that foreign ships came here, and all said they were better than ours. Foreign steamers came, and all are glad to travel in them. Kerosene came over, and all. sal9. "This light is better."

Foreign calico was imported, all round

GENERAL lUSSIONARY INTELLIGENCE

about began to use it for clothes. For- tal.phrases."-Dr. FABER, in Zeit8clwift eign needles were imported, all agree fUr Misswnakunde. that they excel ours; but the foreign doctrine came, and nobody wants it. It -" The Western powers are greatly is very singular.' "-Da'TUJk Mi88io'TUJ- indebted to Japan for having destroyed so many illusions as to China, illusions Blad. kept up for years back by interested foreigners, and which unhappily have – " It appears that it is the sex of not been seen through by their excelthe adult victims of the tragedy of lencies, the foreign ministers. Facts Kucheng, who, except Dr. Stewart, now speak a distinct and very serious were all women, that has particularly language. for such ears as can hear. provoked criticisms in certain circles of The missionary work"-this was writthe United Kingdom. It was also a ten before the outrages in Fuh-klen genuine consolation to learn by testi- and Sze-chuen-H has thus far not been mony of Dr. Gregory, that they died hindered by the war. Since the murinviolate; but the predominance of the der of Mr. Wylie in Manchuria at the feminine element in many of the Eng- beginning, we have nothing of simila'r lish and· American miBBions is none the occurrences. There are even indicaless an abnormal thing. The woman tions that the miBBionaries are beginought to remain the helper of the man ning to be regarded by the mandarins in missions in heathen countries as well with more intelligence and therefore as elsewhere; it matters little whether with more respect than formerly. The as wife or transient inmate of a family; French patronage of the Roman Cathobut to confide to young women quite lic missions may appear to involve alone, whatever their number, an evan- some danger to China, but Protestant gelizing post in a heathen city, appears miBBions cannot appear so, divided as to us decidedly opposed to the part they are among several treaty powers. which Providence has assigned to the The repJesentatives at English and weaker sex. On the other hand, the American diplomacy have foresight and good which ladies, placed in these cir- tact enough to recognize and also to accumstances, accomplish, is undeniable, knowledge the great political signifiand it would be hard to refuse their cance of some 1500 Protestant missionservices for the simple reason that there aries, whose sphere of influence emare too many of them compared with braces the whole empire. A transforthe numbers of the stronger sex in the mation of China is only possible with work. We see then only one way of help of the energetic cooperation of meeting the difficulty, it is that the Christian missions, for nothing else will men go abroad in sufficient numbers to ensure a speedy and extended influence re-establish the equilibrium. God on the masses of the people. May God grant that this may come to pass soon!" direct all to the salvation of the mil- -Revue des Mi8sions Contemporaines. lions. "-Ibid.

-" To me it seems impossible that -In a later letter Dr. FABER remarks: China should flourish again unleBB the "Meanwhile, peace has been concludpalace can be delivered from the gov- ed, but on neither side do the armed ernment of women and eunuchs, and preparations which are going on seem unless polygamy among the mandarins to indicate any hearty confidence in its and men of rank can be abolished. continuance. Perhaps these prepara- Moreover, idolatry and ancestor-wor- tions are In view of the possibility. ship are cancers that consume the mar- that M Hung Chang may be overrow of the land. This is true, notwith- thrown and the old conservative party standing the opposing assertions 01 the come to the helm. At this distance we antagonists of missions, who endeavor can get no trustworthy accounts of to veil their malignity under;sentimen.

EXTRACTS AND TRANSLATION••

what is going on in the palaee. The world is their pat"lsh, for whieh they Emperor is stlll too young not to be are O/flMJJerabl6. We are neither lack- dependent on those around him. The ing in the capacity of religious enthu.

Empress dowager appears to be more siasm and the courage of self-sacrifice, taken up with herself and her own nor are we lacking in the necessary glory than with any thoughts of moth· money in the land; we are lacking erly care for the 400,000,000 of the only in a right organization of our people. Prince Kung also appears evangelical strength for aggressive de- powerless. ,Li Hung Chang has more velopment, and in a recognition of our enemies than formerly. Despite the missionary obligation to the whol6 world, great services which this great states· an obligation to be restrained by no man of China has rendered to his na· patriotic limitation. We Germans come tive country, there now allpears in his late into the mission-field, yet we CO'lm, past policy one portentous failing. He and that with so much the greater has not. known how to train for the weight. May God graciously so order higher range of the public service men it !-Pfarrer KRANZ, in Zeitsclvrijt fU1'

of professional skill and of firmness of MiBBionskunde.

character. There is a lack everywhere -Considering that the Unitas Fra· in the cabinet, among the imperial offi· trum and the Halle missionaries went cials in the provinces, in the army, in out so long ago, it can hardly be said the navy, in the technical schools, of that the Germans come late. What is serviceable, reliable men. II evidently meant is, that German Protes· -" Some days ago I received from a tants are late in coming to a general rec· friend In Hongkong a letter in which ognition of their duty.

he related that a secretary of the Church "If we will bear well in mind the Missionary Society, who was there on vices and irregularities which deformed a tour of inspection, delivered in a the Gentile churches of Paul's time, great hall a discourse on the missionary especially the Corinthian Church, we obligation. In it he portrayed the should be spared many temptations needs of the heathen and the enormous and disappointments. The apostle's greatness of the missionary field, and deep intelligence of human nature, and then said that England and America his knowledge of the natural life, even must do the work commanded by among the Christians, shows itself in Ohrist, 'for what can we expect from the following passage: 'Lest, when I Germany?' We German missionaries come again, my God will humble me feel this criticism bitterly, above all, among YOIl, and that I shall bewail because, measured by what has yet many which have sinned already, and been achie'Ded, there is much truth in have' not repented of the uncleanness, it; but yet is not wholly true. I can· and fornication, and lasciviousness, not give up the hope and the faith that which they have committed.' We mis- we in the future can yet expect grest sionaries out of the Western lands are things from Germany even for mis· too much Inclined to treat the Chinese sions. Only let the land of Luther converts as if they were of our sort.

first rightly recognize her missionary Doubtless we are to regard them a8 our obligation, let the genuine Christians brethren in Christ, but we should Done in Protestant Germany gather them· the less learn from the apostle to dis· selves in a decisive confession of the tinguish children from those of full one Lord, and recognize one another age. For thousands of years the Chi· mutually as brethren, and over against nese Inheritance has been Idolatry and the world as responsible bearers of the worldliness. It is unreasonable then Gospel, then they will soon become to expect of them that strength of faith conscious that not the narrow bounda- and spirituality of view which may rea- ries of Germany, but the whole great 80nably be required of us. It is ex-

GENERAL MISSIONARY INTELLIGENCE

traordinarily difficult for them to reo room, the house being then set on tire. nounce superstition in every form, .. The nurse and Miss Nellie Saunders when everything about them is steeped died endeavoring to protect the chilo in supeNt.ition, not. easy to be open and dren. 8.Jld their bOOies also wale left in honorable, pure and clean, where every· the burning house." By the heroism body is just the opposite. We must of the second girl, Kathleen, the eldest first convince ourselves whether there girl, who was badly wounded, and the is any Christian life at all in them, and three young ones were rescued from thon we must follow the example of the flames, being carried or dragged to the great apostle of the Gentiles, and the house where the American lady, have confidence that this inner life Miss Hartford, was staying. " The will grow, and that God is faithful, younger Miss Saunders was killed out· through whom they have been called side; and the five C. E. Z. M. S. ladies into the fellOWShip of His Son. He were attacked outside their own house, will fulfil His work among the Chi· Miss Codrington alone escaping death. nese, as He fulfilled it among the Co· rinthians. The Gospel is A POWER of Since apparently all Is quiet now at God; and so long as it abides among a Fuh·kien, Mr. Lloyd, Mr. Martin, and congregation, this will also reveal this Miss Boileau return to the mission at power in the renewal of the heart and once, and the two new men appointed to life of every member. "-Dr. ERNEST it, the Revs. F. E. Bland and J. A. Cut· FABER, retranslated from Zeitschrift fillr ten, accompany them. For the present MiMiomkunde. the nine new ladies designated for the work are detained, tho it is hoped they -Pfarrer KRANZ remarks that a man may yet sail this year. who can both speak and read the Chi· nese of cultivated conversation (Kuan· In response chiefly to urgent requests hoa) is no nearer ability to read the from Ireland, where Mr. and Mrs. written classical Chinese (Wenli) than Stewart were so well known. a Xu· a man who can speak and read French clteng Mem01'ial FUnd has been opened. 1Iuently, is able to read Latin, of which Funds have freely come in; but no ap· the French is a profound modification. peal for money has been made or will There are, moreover, three grades of be made. Wenli, the most compressed of which cannQt be read without a commentary. West Indies.-Accordlng to the Bish· The least compressed is that of novels, op of Sierra Leone. who has just reo which seem to be as popular In China turned from the West Indies. good as with us. The middle Wenli is offi· openings exist there for the enlistment cial and commercial. of missionary recruits for Africa from the negro population. An earnest ap· English Notes. peal for Europeans to lead parties of African evangelists into the Temni and BY JAMES DOUGLAS. Mendi countries has been received, and the committee of the Church Mission- OhU1'ch MiBBiona'l'1J &ciety.-Details ary Society would welcome three or have arrived from Fuh·chow of the four men of suitable gifts should they Ku·cheng massacre, which were de· be led to offer themselves for this exlivered in London at mid.day on Satur· tensive work. day, September 14th. Happily the ac· tual murders had not combined with West Africa.-In sequence to what them the nameless horroN suggested we have just written, it is pleasing to by some of the wild telegrams. Mr. find that as the result of a missionary and Mrs. Stewart were not burnt alive, Tccruiting comps.ign undertaken by the but were killed instantly in their bed· Rev. W.·'E. Humphrey, Principal of the Fourah Bay College, and the tutor, the Rev. E. T. Cole, about 100 young

ENGLISH NOTE••

men offered themselves for missionary PrCflbyterian Ohurch of England.- work and were interviewed. After An interesting account Is given of Dr. deductions were made on various Lyall's farewell address, given recently grounds, 60 were left, 9 married and in his native village in Berwickshlre, 51 unmarried. Among these it is hoped prior to his leaving for China once a few at least will be found suitable to more. He explained who" the Black occupy under tried teachers some new Flags" are, the Chinese bravoes, who, stations either in the Temne or Mendi in contrast with their countrymen on countries, or both. the mainland, have been able to put under some kind of arrest for the mo- W68tern India.-Two Parsees, a ment the march of the Japanese from brother and a sister, have been baptized the north to the south of Formosa. and ha ve renounced their Zoroastrian- These men are villagers for the most ism. The sister first came to the knowl- part who have become habituated to edge of the truth; and as far back as war because of the necessity imposed November, 1894, applied for baptism, upon them of being ready at any hour but was deterred by her brother, who to repel the incursions of the mounthreatened to put an end to his life, taineers that watch their opportunity to should she carry out her purpose. The prey upon the villages. scales have fallen from his eyes, and together with his sister he has made Dr. Lynll also gave an account of the avowal of his adhesion to Christ. mission hospital in Swatow-the largest in China-which has an average of 180 The Bhit Mi88ion.-Ditllcult and slow in-patients all the year through, and de· exceedingly is the work among the tailed the growth of the native churches Bhils in the Bombay Presidency. The in that region, three of which are selfrecord as it now stands is 24 baptisms supporting, each baving an ordained after fourteen years' labor. pastor.

Society for the Propagation of the Gos_ Wesleyan Missionary Society. – A pel.-This society is doing its best, brief sketch is supplied in the "Misamid much that is discouraging, to hold sionary Notices" of David Tonga, now the fort in the extensive and sparsely with the Lord. In the little kingdom populated province of Manitoba. An of Tonga, for a quarter of a century, endeavor is made to place a clergyman he has been the foremost Tongan, the wherever needed if a guarantee be late King George alone excepted. He given of £60 or £80 toward a salary of was a born leader of men; and his rank £140 or £160. The total amount raised as II BOul-winner is illustrious. When in the diocese itself was £14,250. It is very young he began to preach, and deeply to be regretted that the mission his first convert was his own father. college has a debt of £9500. Early in the seventies he became a dis- trict minister, receiving a circuit ap- Bloemfontein.-The work of the So- pointment in 1876. He had numerous ciety for the Propagation of the Gospel seals to his ministry, He was also one in this diocese, while subject to excep- whose faith shone grandly forth under tional fluctuations, has its clear quota trial. Neither persecution, nor the of encouraging results. Fifteen Basu- spoiling of his goods, nor the breaking tos have been received into the mem- up of his beautiful home, nor banishbership of the church recently after a ment made him to swerve or so much most careful test. It is felt by the as dimmed his hope. Such men are workers that these have come to them bright lights in their day, nor has their to call them forth to seek that others shining ceased when they theIDSelves in Basutoland may hear and receive the are lone. words of life.

&ENJil:&A.L HIlI8rONARY INTBLLIGJilNCJil_

ltatUt1C1 of the JUllionary Soo1et1el of·the [TlI'II811 tabl. blelude only Mieeionl to non-Christian and non-Protestant peoples, and 80 they omit the United States_ The tlgures are derived almost wholly from annual reports, and relate in the main blanks, and hence where official tlgures were not at hand, conservative estimates have been made_] ~ Missionaries_ Native Laborers. – J… N£JIlIIl OJ' SOOl1IITI'JliI. !.;i 'el_ l ! 0 ~ i g .; .sa~ 'E +l ~ 0 a 'E ~ ~~ 0 ~ ~ ..g"… 3 0 ~ ~~ )l ~ r,..

——————- American Board _…………….. -. _. _… -. 1810 $716,837 187 17 187 180 572 242 2,847 Baptist Missionary Union ……..•….•..•. 1814 681,256 185 34 157 115 491 255 1,680 southern Baptist Convention ………••.• ,. 1845 …. 125,417 40 35 16 91 80 89 Free ~aptist …………………………… 1886 25,611 9 23 10 12 54 28 218 20,000 3 5 2 3 13 1 6 ……….. Seventh·Day Baptist…….. ,… 1842 Christian (Disciples)………•…•.•.•••.••• 1875 88,514 19 3 18 9 49 3 60 American Christian Convention •..•…..••. 1886 27 3 15 Lutheran, General Conncil ……..•…••.• ,. 1869 5,000 4 …. 1 3 19 2 145 Lutheran, General Synod•…•…………. 1837 5 19 3 203 20,892 8 …. 8 50,000 10 …. 4 Methodist Episcopal …………………… 18U 992,807 242 46 2'Jl 148 687 323 S,S46 Methodist Episcopal, South…•.•..•….••. 1846 214,324 53 4 47 5 111 57 201 Methodist Protestant……..•………..• , . 1882 15,806 I; 1 6 3 15 3 17 3,200 2 …. 2 ……… Wesleyan Methodist ………… 1887 3 7 …. 10 …….. .. Protestant Episcopal .••…•.•• 1885 269,491 42 27 22 19 110 81 424 Presbyterian………………………….. 1837 865,709 248 48 260 168 724 241 1,996 132,338 Presbyterian, South.•….•. …………… 1861 50 7 41 30 128 29 141 24,06lI cnm~rland Presbyterian•..•.•……•….. 1828 4,034 5 …. 56 16 3 24 17,168 . 8 Associate Reformed Presbyterian, South..• , 1879 3,900 .. 33 9 4 10 Reformed presbyterian (Covenanter)…….. 1856 ~ 18 … 84 Reformed Presbyterian (Gen'l SyLod) …… 1836 5 II 6 I; 8 …. 37 5 …. 3 ….

United Presbyterian…………………… 1859 132,807 32 1 80 31 94 25 498 30,620 Reformed (German)…………………… 1878 111,288 6 …. /; 2 13 9 41 Reformed (Dutch) ……….. , ………….. 1836 9,608 Evangelical Association …•••••••••.•••..•. 1876 ,8,600 27 5 26 18 76 43 348 20,000 German Evangelical Synod.. ………….. 1888 32,661 3 …. a …. 6 …. 14 36,488 11 …. 53 United Brethren………………………. 1863 :1,416 7 …. 31 237,497 Society of Friends …………. …………. 1871 135.120 16 10 4 6 36 14 26 Canada Baptist……………………….. 1866 11 34 11 19 75 9 82 Canada Congregationalist……………… 1881 11 …. 11 10 32 10 162 Canada Methodist…………………….. 1873 1 …. …. 1 2 4 33 …. Canada Presbyterian………………….. 1844 " 23 32 88 82 80 33 13 80 35 111 6 61 – – – – – – – – – – – Twenty-Six Other Societies………………… 35 95 -171 9, 435- – 10 -360 434.711 126 Totalll ………….. ……. i'I ……….. …… $5,472,772 1,441 365 1,280 1,0701 4,129) 1,46613,177 United States and Canada for 1894-911.

work done in non-Catholic Europe, while covering that in behalf of Indians, Chine!!e, and Japanese In to 1895, tho sometimes the year includes a part of 1894. The aim has been to leave the fewest poBBible ~ ~ :i .~ . ..J. o" . I">< ot ~ ~-;;- ;j~ ",,'" .~.. !S~ .8 l!lS i'" ""<".""",: t~ Countries in which ~ .; j Missions are Sustained. o ell 0 1jO '0 0 :p ill "<": ~ ~ ~ ell ;e; E-t — – – —- —- —- – 3,418 1,266 44,413 3,~66 141,129 1,165 48,874 Africa, Turkehi India, China, Japan, 2,121 1,054 102,351 244,000 1,240 25,321 4,484 10,000 BuMrmicarohn, eIsniadia,exCichoi,nSap, aJianp, Aanu,stAriaf-. 180 199 3,493 581 15 707 272 14 729 51 1,519 94 3,216 rica, France, SEaln. China, Japan, A rica, Italy, Mexico, Brazil. India (Southern Bengal), 19 2 100 8 140 2 37 Ohina (Shanghai).

109 30 875 101 1,750 10 919 India, China, Japan, Turkey.

22 28 220 10 800 2 40 Japan (Tokyo, etc.).

164 198 1,763 350 4,484 102 1,893 India (Madras).

222 12 5,905 1,200 14,370 199 5,393 India (Madras), West Africa.

4,033 510 43,855 8,855 97,000 1,446 40,813 China, Korea, Japan, India, Africa, 312 Bulgaria, Mexico. South America. 136 7,804 1,277 16,332 45 1,116 China, Japan, Mexico, Brazil.

32 14 87b 47 800 14 648 Japan (Yokohama).

17 2 250 10 600 5 208 Africa (Sierra Leone).

584 206 7,762 241 17,000 142 6,082 Africa, China, Japan, Haiti, Greece.

2,720 719 37,065 3,897 105,000 912 32,942 India, China, Ja~an, Korea, Africa, 270 931 ChSiynrai,aK, Poererasi,aJa~paan,nlAshfrAicma,eGricreae.ce, 40 38 2,653 160 8,000 27 Italy, Mexico, raz!l.

10 617 40 1,200 4 150 Japan, Mexico, Indians.

19 11 245 54 500 4 91 Mexico (Tampico, etc.).

52 10 ~ 8 500 10 596 Northern Syria, Asia Minor.

4.~ 9 582 274 1,317 11 283 India (Northwest Provinces).

592 247 10,901 1,283 23,000 247 12,608 Egypt, India (Northwest Provinces).

54 41 1,960 235 4,500 2 218 Japan (Tokyo, Sendai, etc.).

419 269 5,197 408 12,000 155 5,694 India, China, Japan, Arabia.

20 17 727 118 1,200 1 25 Japan (Tokyo, Osaka).

64 12 460 25 1,165 17 572 India (Central Provinces).

62 23 6,491 280 17,000 15 1,250 China, W1lst Africa.

157 40' 793 77 1,800 27 834 Mexico, .Alaska, Jamaica, Ohina, Japan. 194 35 3,215 408 10,000 68 1,086 India (Telugns).

8 1 20 8 250 2 95 Africa (West Oentral).

168 106 6,070 225 12,000 556 2,812 Japan (Tokyo), Indians.

172 283 2,774 141 7,000 88 5,210 China, India, New Hebrides, West Indies. – -795- – -127 – – -4,0-04 – -31-5 – -8,5-00- – -56- -2-,73-8 17,306 5,669 304,111 28,437 761,936 6,683 203,402 THE KINGDOM. the Christian scholar-from the strong woman, who could lift a patient from -At the Episcopal Triennial Con- one bed to another, to the refined and ference held in October in Minneapolis highly trained lady, capable of setting Bishop McLaren preached a sermon the standard of woman's morality and which may fairly be called tremendous intellectual life at a high and sacred upon the Mission Love of our Lord pitch." Jesus Christ, from the text: "But when he saw the multitudes, he was -The same speaker remarked that moved with compassion on them, be· " he was often discouraged at missioncause they fainted, and were scattered ary meetings by hearing prayers offered abroad, as sheep having no shepherd" for the opening of doors-when during (Matt. 9: 36). Here he found the the last thirty years no less than 700,- Christian motive, and held with great 000,000 people, formerly inaccessible to vigor and earnestness that such love the Gospel, had been made accessibleshould throb in every breast. and by the prayer for labor(lrs, when the Volunteer Student movement had -The House of Bishops, in their let· provided the workers. These were, ter to the Episcopal Church, declare therefore, not prayers. Prayer was that the large gifts of a few laymeu asking for what you have not got and cannot stand as the measure of the gen· want to get. What, then, is the real erosity of the Church, and make the honest prayer for 1895? '0 Lord, statement: .. We can never hope to open my purse.' That is what you are rise to the measure of our opportunities wanting; what you have not got." and of our obligations to meet their., until every baptized man, woman, and -Just such weak-kneed pastors can child shall give freely, systematically, be found by the score and hundred in conscientiously. to the support of the every denomination as the Assembly Gospel and kingdom of our Lord Jesus Herald had in its eye: "A Presbyterian Christ. " pastor notified his congregation re, centIy that he felt that the church was -Dr. John Talmage, who died not not called upon to do anything in the long since, after forty-five years of present emergency of our missionary missionary life in China, when asked boards. At the close of the service one about the sacrifice of a foreign mission- of the members of the church came to ary, replied: .. The missionary of him and said that her mother desired Christ knows no sacrifices. His work to make an offering for the Relief Moveis all joy, nothing but joy. It is a sac· ment of $200, and wanted to know rifice to be shut up in this land away whether it should be sent independently from my foreign field and the blessed or through the church. and said tbat service of offering salvation to the there were others in the congregation heathen." who felt that they also ought to give for this cause." -At the centennial anniversary of the London Missionary Society Dr. -Our colored brethren are waxing Lindsay, of the Free Church, suggest- practical, and are proving their faith ed that .. mission work should cover a by their works. for at a negro confervast variety of men's and women's ence recently held in Selma, Ala., the powers and gifts consecrated to the ser- following questions were discussed: vice of Jesus Christ. But one depart- "Evils of Excursions," "The Mort· ment of the work should not 'blow gage System and Its Evils," " Do the cold' upon another. In these days we People Practise their Religion through were learning that a missionary might the Week 1" "How can we Secure be man or wQman, evangelist or educa- Better Homes among our People?" tionalist, hospital nurse or high-school " Are the People Wasting their Money mistress-from the Christian artisan to in Useless Lawsuits?" "Hindrances school for little Arab chndren on the to Success." Nne.

-And Booker T. Washington, of -Rear-Admiral Kirkland, who not Tuskegee Institute, is helping them long since put himself on record as esforward in the good way, for he says: teeming the missionaries in the Levant "I have recently spent several weeks "a bad lot," has himself since been with the senior class in studying men found so lacking in capacity, or so instead of books. Each member of the " derelict, " as to be detached from duty class has gone into the country and and ordered ,home.

studied a family I finding out the num- -" The day that I arrived to receive ber and age of the family; whether in consecration, when that venerable pia· debt or free from debt; whether or not neer bishop, Bishop Kemper, was the the crop was mortgaged; whether the presiding bishop, and my heart melted land was owned or rented; how many into tenderness, after the consecration acres cultivated; the kinds of crops, he laid his hand upon my head and whether or not it was one or a variety; said: 'My brother, do not forget those the kind of food consumed; whether wandering red men whom Jesus Christ or not the cultivation was poor or wishes us to bring home.' That after- good; the number of fowls, cattle, noon, by another singular providence pigs, dogs, cats, etc., owned; the ed- of God, the Rev. Mr. Hoffman, that ucational conditions and opportuni- pioneer missionary of Africa, came to ties; the moral and religious condi- me and said: 'The last thing before I tion, noting especially to what ex- left Africa our African Christians tent poverty atIected the moral and re- placed in my hands $75, the result of ligious life. Some of the class have their own earnings, and they send it to gone into the city of Montgomery and be their gift to any heathen people of made the same kind of study of 27 fam- America for whom the Church should ilies there in the lower strata of life, establish a mission.' And the first dol- making a special study of the methods lar ever received by me for Indian mis- of religious worship in certain churches sions came from converted 1>lack men in Montgomery, especially with a view in Africa. "-BiBkop Whipple.

of finding out how much connection there -Truly, in Jesus Christ we are all of i8 between the loud ',Amen&' and' Hal- one spirit. The news of the Ku·cheng lelujahs' in elturch and the mural, in- massacre created a great sensation in dustrial andfamily life oftheindi'Didual. Australia, which had given to the mis- This whole study has proven intensely sion two of the martyred women. One interesting and profitable, especially of the most remarkable meetings held the sound, healthy remedies that indi- in Sydney was that of the Chinese resi. viduals in the class suggested for pres· dents there, heathen as well as Chrisent weakness and evils. It.is proposed tian, which filled one of the largest to extend the investigation next year halls. The speakers were all Chinese. stm further." Their aim was to express a sense of -According to Robert E. ,Speer: their feeling of shame, sympathy, and "This [missions] is the world's one determination to erect a public memocertainly triumphant movement. It rial to the martyrs. It is said that the cannot fail. Emerson declared, forty memorial wm take the form of a capiyears ago, that what hold the popular talized sum to provide for spreading faith had upon the people was ' gone, the Gospel among the Chinese in AU!!- or going.' He asked why we should tralia and in China through the Church drag the dead weight of the Sunday· Missionary Society. school over the globe, and lived to see his own daughter holding a Sunday. -One who ought to know declared publicly the other day that Presbyte-

MISSIONARY INTELLIGENOE

rians constitute one fourth of all "the -Mrs. Charles Green, of Baltimore, evangelical missionaries who are striv- is having built at Old Orchard, Me., a ing to spread Christ's kingdom in the "seaside rest" for missionaries of all world. " If this be true, what honor churches when recruiting from their and what responsibility are accorded to labors. They will be expected to pay that church. 75 Cents a day for lodgings, with every comfort. Their meals will be free. -The occupation of the explorer is The place is being beautifully fitted up, not yet by any means gone, for affirmed and will probably be dedicated early in Professor 1. L. Tobley, in an address June next year. before .the London Geographical Congress: .. Leaving out of account the -Upward of 500,000 of the native very imperfectly known regions of women of India were relieved last year Central Asia and the interior of the by the medical staff and appliances of northern parts of both North and South the Lady Dufferin Fund. The number America, as well as the similar areas of has gone on increasing annually at a Africa and Australia, there is an aggre- rapid rate. It is nearly ten years since, gate area of about 20;000,000 square in obedience to the charge laid upon mUes of the surface of the globe as yet her by the Queen-Empress, the govquite unexplored. This aggregate is ernor-general's wife formed the fund made up as follows: which bears her name. It has in that time employed 73 women doctors of vari- Africa… . •. . •. . . . •. . . . . 6,500,000 square miles. ous degrees of qualifications, has estab- Au.tralia ……………, 2,250,000 .. lished 57 hospitals and dispensaries in North America………. 1,500,000 various parts of India, and has trained 262 South America. .. . •. •… 500,000 women in the several medical colleges. A.la……………….. 21;0,000 I.land….. • •.• .. … •• .. 500,000 -In New England, notably in Ver- Arctic regions………. 3,500,000 mont, women are increasingly employ- Antarctic regions•……. 5,000,000 ed as evangelists and pastors for desti- tute fields. They go in couples, they Total …………… 20,000,000 live among the people, visit much, and have charge of all the services during WO~IAN'S WORK. the week and on Sunday. Among the number during last year was one of the -A widow of Cleveland, 0., pos- daughters of the editor-in-chief of this sessed of wealth and deeply interested In missions, supports 13 foreign mis- REVIEW. sionaries, and now she is making a mission tour around the world, thus deep- -In October last the Lutheran ening her own interest in the work and Church, General Synod, set apart 6 cheering those who in every land must deaconesses who had completed a course receive her with joy. of training to take charge of the Mother House in Baltimore. Five of the num- -When the native Christians at ber were trained in Kaiserswerth, Ger- Benito, West Africa, were dismissing many.' their three missionaries, they prayed: .. May they be preserved from storms ~ -The Methodist Woman's Foreign at sea, be kept in health, have moon- Missionary Society met in St. Louis light on their journey, meet their October 27th, to hold the twenty-sixth friends in peace, and may their friends annual meeting. Eighteen returned be willing to let them return. " missionaries were present, and 20 had been sent out during the year, 8 going -A woman of the Danish nobility, to India, 10 to China, 1 to Japan, and Duchess Schimmelmann, has renounced 1 to South America. Six are medical the pleasures of the court, and is labor- graduates. The report of the treasurer ing as an evangelist among the poor was as follows: Received from . and destitute fishermen along the coast. She proceeds from place to place in her own yacht.

1896.J GENERAl.. HISStONAlty tNl'Et.t.lGENCE

New England branch •………..••……,4O,1fa1 people's societies of the Lutheran Church in Illinois. In addition to this, New York " ………••••……. 50,000 the society paid $150 toward the build· ing of its church. Philadelphia ……………….. 28,089 Baltimore .. … .. .. . .. …. …. 11,886 Cincinnati …. .. .. .. .. .. .. …. 37,~ Northwestern" ………………. 66,404 -The Roger Williams Free Baptist Des Moines ……………….. 24,116 Society of Providence, R. I., raised Minneapolis …. .. ………. . .. .. 8,908 more than $250 the past year, over half Topeka …. …. …. .. .. …. 13,m Paclllc .. .. …. ……. .. •.. 5.938 of which was given to foreign missions.

Colnmbia River" .. .. .. .. .. . .. . .. .. .. 2,891 This society has 60 members, and the Total………………………….$289,227 money was raised by the envelope srs- -The New York branch of the tem and by personal subscription. No above·named society issues this pledge " pay socials."

to be signed by its members: "Because -Even the hens in Tennessee are to I believe it to be my Christian duty to be given the privilege of adopting the Inform myself of the spread of Christ's Harris plan of a weekly contribution to kJn,gdom in the world, I hereby prom- missions, for a number of Junior En· ise to spend at least one half hour each deavorers in that State have obtained week in reading missionary literature. " per~ion from their parents to have for missionary objects the proceeds YOUNG PEOPLE. from all the eggs laid on Sunday.- -TheEndeavor societies of New York CongregationaZiBt.

City contributed nearly $50,000 to mis- -The Epworth Leagues of Texas sions last year. The SOCiety in the Six· have pledged themselves to support 3 teenth Street Baptist Church supports married missionaries of the General 3 foreign missionaries. The largest Board this yeai'. The Leagues ot Ala· amount reported is from Mount Morris bama. will support Miss Worth, who is Baptist Church-$1425. The Navy now on her way to Japan. The St.

Yard society reports a large number of Louis League Union assumed the ex- missionaries working in the uttermost penses of Miss Willie Bowman at the parts of the earth without money and Scarritt Bible and Training School for without price. One band of 15 on the ODe year; the Epworth League of St.

United Slates steamship Cluwleatun has Paul's Church, St. Louis, paid Miss Ida very recently raised among themselves Worth's expenses for two years; the $500, and are about to open a Christian Kansas City Union met the expenses of Endeavor home at Nagssski, Japan, one student last year, and has pledged the first in Asia. Many of the societies itself for an equal amount this year; have adopted the Fulton plan of 2 cents while the leagues in Nevada and Lex· a week,. and are giving regularly. ington aided still another student.

-The Congregational Juniors of Brighton, Mass., had a good time at UNITED STATES.

their thank·offerlng meeting, October -Scan the appended table and learn 20th, when 23 mite-boxes were brought how it .. happens" that New York in, containing $18. This sum was in· City is such a moral storm center. creased by the CODtents of the birthday jug, $21.50, making $39 in all that Germans…………………………. 403,784 these Juniors have given within seven Irish…. …. …. . .. . .. . •• … . •.. … … . 399,348 months for missions. Unclas8i1!ed and miscellaneous……… 173,120 Bnssians and Poles… …………….. 80,235 -The Lutheran Y. P. S. C. E. of ltaJiBJUl.. .. .. .. .. .. •.. • .. .. .. •.. .. .. . .. 114,324 m., Lena, French… ……………………….. 16,289 is pledged to pay *75 an- Hnngarians.. .. …. .. …. …………. 15,555 ( nually for five years for the support of Bohemians. … …….. .. .. …. •… . .. .. 12,287 Rev. Will M. Beck, who expects to go Total foreign popnlatlon.•••.•.••••• 1,154,900 to Africa as a mi88ionary of the young American born, including nejp'oes.. 300,299 – Utah hal gone Republican by a and held as a part of the Dominion of Small majority, though as it appears, Canada, and so he and his much-enonly because of the preference and In- during converts are still under the vexfiucnce shown for that party by the au- atious rulings, to escape which a few thorities of the Mormon Church, whiCh years ago they forsook home and all holds the balance of power and wields they had.. it only to further its own schemes. The cloven foot was revealed during EUROPE. the campaign, when the ruling priesthood Issued an order that no .. saint" -Last year £28,454 was raised and should accept the candidacy for any expended in the London Missionary office without having tlrst gained the Society's mission·tlelds abroad,· the permission of the ecclesiastical authori- larger part of this representing direct ties. contributions for the support of church ordinances and the propagation of the -The American ltfiB8W'IWIf1J (Congre- Gospel. gationalist) for October is a delight to the eye, as well as a feast to the heart -The Chinese Christians of Hankow of a lover of his kind. sent· their congratulations to the Lon- don Society to which they owed the -The Presbyterians have been be- Gospel, on the occasion of its centenstirring themselves most vigorously of ary, in the form of an address and motlate to payoff their great miSSionary toes in four pieces, worked in gold debt. In particular the synods of D- cord and variegated silks on satin scrolls linois and Ohio have each been holding or banners, and these of the largest a congress of missions, and in New size ever known to be used. York City, November 15th, was held a great gathering, which was addressed -A new temperance socIety, under by ex-President Harrison, ex-Secretary the supervision of leading medical of State J. W. Foster, and Rev. F. E. men, has been formed in France, the Clark. members of which propose to study the means of extirpating alcoholism, to -Major W. H. Clapp, who is an exterminate its effects, to propagate a army officer, and for several years has knowledge of the evil in all social cenbeen in charge of Indian agencies, holds ters, to group the greatest possible the red man in high respect and esteem. number of citizens together who wish He declares: ., I never saw nor heard its disappearance, to raise public opinof a drunken Indian among the three ion against it, to set an example of temtribes over whom I have charge," perance by abstaining from alcoholic and yet they have abundant op- drink, and to teach children the prinportunity to obtain drink. They do ciples of temperance. not seem to care for it. The tribes of which I speak are the Arickarees, the -Alas, the poor prisoner of the Vati· Gros Ventres, and the Mandans. The can, how grievously he is cribbed, cab· Arickarees have never been at war with ined, and confined! For, as the Weltthe white people, and their boast is minater Gazette has it: .. The Pope's that they have never killed a white person is sacred and inviolable. Any man. They are very honest, and noth- attempt upon his life is punishable in ing has ever been taken from stores that the same way as an attempt upon that have been left open and temporarily of the king. The Supreme Pontilf is without an occupant." entitled on all Italian territory to sov- ereign hOllors. He is allowed to retain -Recent intelligence is to the effect his own guards, a sum of $625,000 is that William Duncan's New Met1akaht- paid for his civil list. He retains inla, on Annette Island, which was sup- alienable sovereignty over and possesposed t. be in Alaska, is to be claimed .&ion of the Vatican, the Lateran aud Castel Gaudolfo and all their appurte- interwoven with the woof. Magnifi- nances and precincts.. •. The Pope is cent it is in its extent, in the variety of accorded a private postal and telegraph its resources, in the wonderful history 5enioo under his own control, and en- which has been "Wtought upon it. It tirely free from that of the civil power. is a robe of Oriental magnificence that All tbe papal training-schools and col- has been dipped and soaked in blood.

leges in Rome arc exempt from the In- But it is. to bear, as certainly as God terference of the State." liveth, as certainly as the cross was -The Hungarian House of Magnates, raised on Calvary, as certainly as the after having deliberated for the fourth human soul remains sensitive to Divine time on the Freedom of Worship Bill, inspiration-it is to bear by and by, and and by 118 against 112 votes, adopted not far hence, the monogram of Christ the provision whereby it is rendered on all its glittering expanse.-Dr. R. S. permissible to leave or join any com- Storr3.

munion, ·or to make declaration of not -It is a new experience for us old professing any particular creed. The residents in Syria to look out upon rail- House then passed by 120 to 113 votes way trains passing in the distance and tbe clause permitting conversion to see the French locomotives dragging Jude.ism, thus removing the last ob- their burdens up the cogged track over stacle to Liberal legislation dealing Lebanon toward the Bukaa and Damas- with ecclesiastical alfairs.-Reuter. cus. The passenger train is ten hours ASIA. in passing over the 120 miles, scaling Lebanon at an elevation of 5000 feet Islam.-Atrocious slaughters in Sas- above the sea. The road. was opened soun, in Trebizond, in Constantinople, August 4th, and already the freight and now in Harpoot, in which the tratHc is so great that three freight Turks are the butchers and the Ar- trains a day cannot meet the demand. menians are the victims! Then, as if As we arrived August 12th from New this wholesale bloodshed were not suf- York, we have not yet been over :the ficient, in the last-named city these road to Damascus; but Dr. Crawford Bame furious fanatics must needs fill to tells me that the ride from Damascus the brim the measure of ill-desert by up the river Abana to the fountain of destroying the bulk of the buildings of Fiji, and on to Zebedany, under the the American College, inflicting a loss dense shade of poplars, and by the roarof some $100,000 I Lord, how long? ing river, is most refreshing and de- Ah, that united Christian Europe lightful. The ride over the heights of might smite and subdue and compel Lebanon is no less so, with its bold to decency at least; and if need be, scenery and magnificent views of the set up a joint .. protectorate" over the distant sea and the rocky mountain entire Turkish Empire. It is high time gorges_-Rev. H. H. J688Up_ that the feet of these savage and red- India.-Indian Mohammedans are handed intruders ceased to profane the loyal subjects of the Queen-Empress, and sacred places of our faith. they also sustain close relation to the -Men think that Turkey is to put Sultan, who is in a sense the head of an end to the propagation of the Gos- Islam, tho not exactly the representa- pel in that great empire. The Turkish tive of the caliphs or successors of Mo- Empire always seems to me, as I look hammed. The loyalty of the Moham- at it on the map or in its history, like a medans of India has been quickened vast. magnificent Oriental rug. stamped and strengthened by England's long- with splendid and stately figures, em- continued friendship with the SUltan.

blazoned on every side with heroic com- Should trouble arise bctween England bat, and with threads of gold and silver and Turkey the Mohammedan subjects of the Queen will regret the occur- lessors by the educated young men of renee; but they are too well aware of Bengal."

the advantages of British rule to risk -During the past year the railways much for the sake of the Sultan. The of India carried over 130,000,000 pasquestion has already occupied the at- sengers and 20,000,000 tons of goods. tention of Mohammedan papers in India, Their aggregate receipts were 280,000,- and the intelligent and temperate style 000 rupees, or nearly $100,000,000. of discussion is an assurance that England's just advocacy of the cause of -The last report of the Arcot (Re- Armenia will make no trouble in this formed Dutch) Mission tells what large country.-Indian Witne88. anfi solid gains have been made in thirty years. Between 1864 and 1894 -Let a man lose caste, and his pun- the out-stations have increased from 6 to . ishment is at once banishment from the 118; the churches. from 7 to 23; navillage well. Let that be inflicted, and tive pastors, from 1 to 9; catechists, the temptation to purchase readmis- readers, and teachers, from 37 to 172; sion into caste, with its privileges of the communicants, from 291 to 1996; free access to water, is very great. Let while the adherents have increased a man become a Christian, and from nearly sevenfold. The native contributhe attitude of his neighbors toward tions have increased from 175 to 275'7 ' him you would think he had committed rupees, and the pupils from 322 to 4856. matricide. From the day of his bap- The past year has also been one of prostism, he or his wife will have to tramp perity. The out-stations have increased through the blazing sun, with a heavy by 13, the communicants by 37, and waterpot, to some distant supply of the total gain In the Christian commuwater whenever they want to bathe nity has been about 500. or cook. Sometimes it happens that the man will have secret friends kind – Writing from Kalimpong, the head- ' enough to bring him water now and quarters of the Thibetan Mission, Mr. again after dark, and save him his jour. Cecil Polhill·Turner gives us a very inney for that evening; but no one out teresting account of the progress of here will endure that sort of help for events. The little party of missionaries long. In their eyes it is only empha- is still waiting patiently for the opening sizing the fact that they are pariahs, of the country, and fully occupied and they will leave a village rather than meanwhile with the study of the sustain treatment to which they, as Thibetan language. Kalimpong is de- Hindus, are peculiarly sensitive. scribed by Mr. Polhi1l·Turner as "a quiet, little country village, admirable -Principal Morrison thus writes re- for study, and, in the winter especially, garding the large number of students frequented by Thibetans bringing wool who have enrolled themselves in Church straight from the closed country." of Scotland Mission College for the ses- sion 1895-96: "Our numbers are again China.-A missionary asserts, that up, our total being considerably larger some of the Chinese have such wonder· than that of any other year in the his- ful memories that they can recite chap- tory of the college. There are in the ter after chapter, and some of them First year class, 137 most of the New Testament.

Second 183 -During the past year, the Ameri. can Bible Society sold and distributed Third 60 In China Bibles and portions thereof' to the extent of 385,875 copies. Fourth" 170 550 Ours is the largest mission college in -This is the statement of G. S. Mi- Bengal, which shows the confidence ner, of the Foochow Methodist Mission: that is placed in our missionary pro- .. In 1893 I had 3 day schools, in 1894, 16, and now I have just 100, with about WorId; and his book in behalf of 3000 pupils. Within the past six Western civilization, which he wrote ·months we have brought fully 2000 from his studies and travels in Ameri- children under Christian influence for ca, had a considerable effect in restor· the first time." ing the dynasty to the throne, of which -Some two years since two Swedish the present Emperor is a member. Permissionaries were slain by a mob at haps his greatest benefaction was the Sung'pu, China. A report now given founding of a school, known as the in Ohina'8 Millions shows that the blood Kewgijiuku University, which is secof these martyrs was not shed in vai!!. ond only to the Imperial University at It seems that a Ohinese woman read of Tokyo, in point of numbers and rank the faith and patience of these mission- of scholarship. Mr. Fukuzawa comes aries, and was so impressed by what from the common people, and is known she was told that she traveled to an- as the" great commoner;" and What other city in order to ask the mission- shows above all the character of the aries about the religion which could mlln is that he has never allowed himproduce such fruits. "What is it," self to be carried away by his success, she asked, "that makes you Jesus and has modestly refused to accept decpeople so different from us? We call orations, honors, or even the peerage you' foreign devils;' our people have from the Mikado.-.New York Intkpenmartyred two of your teachers who dent; only did good to our people, and you -The Presbyterian Church in Japan show no revenge and receive me as a is about to undertake foreign mission- friend." She was told that this was ary work. At the recent meeting of the teaching of Jesus, who died for us the synod, the mission board was di- when we were enemies. This woman. rected to begin work in Formosa as who was termed" the Chinese Queen soon as possible. President Ibuka, of of Sheba," continued for two weeks Tokyo, and President Ogimi, of Steele with the missionaries to learn of their College, Nagasaki, were appointed to faith and doctrine, and then returned visit Formosa, examine the field, and to her own city to tell her neighbors: report to the mission board, while $3000 .. These Jesus people know how to love are to be raised among the Japanese their enemies." churches for this new work.

Japan.-Yukichi Fukuzawa is the -Rev. J. D. Davis writes thus to the .. Grand Old Man of Japan," tho he is Pacific of one of the darker phases of some twenty years younger than the the situation: .. A few of those who members of that more famous trium- have been among our most earnest, virate-Gladstone, Bismarck, and LI faithfnl workers are resigning their Hung Chang. More than any other places and leaving the ministry. We man, he has brought Japan to that posi- have not a single pastor at present in tion which she now holds among the the great centers of Tokyo and Kyoto. civilized nations of the world. Thirty- Our Doshisha University ha&.'opened five years ago he visited America, and with about 400 students, but the classes on his return home introduced the in the higher departments are all small. 'Webster Dictionary to his countrymen, We have only 25 in the theological dea book that is considered the founda- partment, as against 85 three or four tion of Japan's intellectual power; he years ago. There is, however, a growalso introduced English into all the ing conviction of the barrenness of these ' schools. In days when Japan was di- extreme views and an earnest seeking vided into two parties-one for and the on the part of many of the pastors and other against foreigners-he advocated evangelists for the presence and power the opening of his country to the New of the Holy Spirit." -Mr. La.fcadio Hearn in the Octo- British South African Company has yet ber .Atlantic has an impressive article to pay its first dividend, but its capital on .. The Genius of Japanese Civiliza- stock, held at £2,000,000 to start with, tion. .. He finds nothing permanent, is now £16,000,000.

everything shlfting-sa.ndals of straw, -The new Moravian Mission in East dwellings cheap and frail, the greater Central Africa grows apace. The part of the 60 capitals the empire has fourth station in Nyassaland has been had have completely disappeared, etc. fairly commenced. Mr. Theophil -Advlces from Formosa. are to the Richard reached Utengula, Merere's effect that the Japanese are gradually present capital, on March 18th. He subduing the tribes that are opposing was alone, for Mr. Kootz, his compan- occupation of that island. The natives ion, had been det.alned on the road by are making a stubborn resistance, but an attack of fever, and did not arrive are steadily being overcome. until the 21st. Meanwhile, Mr. Richard AFRICA. had several Interviews with the" Sul- tan," who gave him a friendly recep- -The Congo Railway continues to tion, and permitted him to choose a site make steady progress; trains are now for the mission. running 65 miles inland toward Stanley Pool. -The Universities' Mission is severely stricken by the recent loss of three of -The Christian Alliance proposes to its statt-Blshop Maples, Its gifted and plant a line of stations 1000 miles long, devotejl leader, who, with Mr. Joseph from Matadi to Lake Tanganyika, on Williams, was drowned by the capsizthe eastern boundary of the Congo Free Ing of the steel boat on Lake Nyallsa, State. This will require the opening and Rev. G. W. Atlay, who was killed of 40 stations, and the sending out in by the Owangwara. the next three years of at least 100 new men to open them. -The stroke of lightning which end- ed the career of Menelek II., Negus of -The transcontinental telegraph line Abyssinia, removed one of the most inproposed by Mr. Rhodes several years teresting and energetic of African ago-to cxtend from the Cape to Cairo princes. He was of the Sholl. tribe, and -was not, when first proposed, regard- claimed lineal descent from King Soloed seriously by the general public; but mon and the Queen of Sheba. When it already extends, it seems, from the King John was killed by the Mahdists Cape to Blantyre, in the Shire High- In 1889, !Ienelek, who had long ruled lands, and during his present visit to the Shoas, achieved the sovereignty over England Mr. Rhodes wlll probably or- the other Abyssinian tribes, and was der, he says, .. a further 500 or 1000 recognized as Negus by the Italians miles" of poles and wire. The south- when they advanced inland from Mas- ern end of Lake Tanganyika is to be Bowah. Menelek was friendly to Eurothe first objective point, and thence the pean arts and civilization. He Importline will proceed along the western ed Swiss engineers and artisans, who bank of the lake, through Congo terri- built stone houses, bridges, wagon tory, to British posts in Uganda and roads, a flour mill, baking ovens, and a. along the Nile. blast furnace for smelting iron. He in- -Mr. Stanley sa.ys that more than duced his people to engage in various 200 English companies are operating in handicrafts by his personal example.

South Africa, and largely on the capi- While he lived, the Italians met with tal furnished by the subSCriptions of many difficulties in their colonial humble investors. Some of these com- schemes; now that he is dead, there Is panies hllve not paid dividends yet, but no one to: ettectively dispute their ascen- not one of them has made shipwreck in dency In the Abyssinian hlghlands.- the bankruptcy court. The great Zibn', Herald.