The Missionary Review of the World — May 1915

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SSIONA~Y FI~ES r. Among the American Indians "friendship-making" is a solemn act. Henry Roe Cloud, the young VVinnebago boy who took Jesus for his Friend therefore made a life choice and is to-day a Christian leader among Reel Men. (See page 334.) 2. American missionaries showed their faith when they celebrated in Bag- dad the twenty-fifth anniversary of the founding of the Arabian Mission under the shadow of the great war, and asked for six new missionaries and increased funds. (See page 360.) 3. Truly heroic giving is illustrated in a poor Kansas farmer and his wife, living in humble surroundings and in feeble health, who have given thousands of dollars to the Mission to Lepers. (See page 355.) 4. Dr. Cornelius H. Patton says that the most powerful missionary object- lesson he ever saw was when a Christian Zulu chief brought savages to church to show the contrast between them and Zulu Christians, and so to demonstrate what missions have done for his people. (See page 352.) 5. About half the number of those who come to the United States from Hungary are Magyars, who furnish relatively a larger percentage of Protestants than any other class of the new immigrants. (See page 367.) 6. Korean Christians show the type of their religious interest by meeting at five o'clock in the morning for prayer. As a result, a genuine revival is in progress in Seoul. (See page 326.) 7. American missionaries in India are helping to make peace by securing from the British Government special courtesies for the German mis- sionaries interned in India. (See page 382.) 8. American Episcopalians have started a movement among church-mem- bers to give one day's income as a special contribution to missions this year. (See page 385.) 9. The interest of soldiers in the Bihle is shown by the fact that a Gospel owned by a British soldier at the front is borrowed so constantly by his companions that he says he seldom has a chance to read it himself. (See page 389.) 10. A Young Chinese engineer, who was converted while a student in Boston, has organized Bible-classes now attended by 800 Chinese young men. (See page 392 .) 11. Chinese officials in Hunan, once a violently anti-foreign province, have asked the Yale Mission to cooperate with them in conducting a medical school for the province. (See page 392 .) 12. On Sunday mornings in Mbereshi, Africa, all the Christians who are not out preaching are attending the prayer-meetings. (See page 394·)

HENRY ROE

A Full· Blooded Vin nehago rn dian (See page 329) I EVIE OF THE WORLD Vol. XXXVIII. No. MAY, 1915 Vol. XXVIII, No. Old S.rles New Series mSIGNSv OFv THE v 11111111111111111111 MEsm THE CALL TO PRAYER toxicants and other evils may be extended and may prevail. THERE never was greater need for 2. The unfortunate land of Mexico– united and earnest prayer on the that the internal strife may be part of Christians all over the world succeeded by true liberty and the that the love of Christ may be shed knowledge of God, and that the abroad in the hearts of men, that the Protestant missions may soon be work of God may not be hindered able to carry forward their coamong unbelievers, and that all may operative campaigns. speedily learn the lessons of the awful conflict now baptizing Europe 3. The Latin American Conference at and parts of Asia and Africa in hu- Panama, in February, I9I6-For .man blood and tears. We will men- the commissions preparing for tion a few of the many conditions this conference and for the misand events that call for prayer. They sionaries, the Church, and the un- have been mentioned in the REVIEW saved multitudes. or will be found in this number: 4. For Persia-that the suffering 1. The warring nations-for rulers, Christians may be relieved and soldiers, prisoners, doctors, and rescued, and that the present sad nurses, widows and orphans, and experience may be used to turn Christian workers-that the the thoughts of both Moslems and Spirit of Christ may drive out the nominal Christians to God, as' in spirit of hatred; that the earnest China after the Boxer troubles. seeking after God may spread, and that the campaign against in- 5. For Turkey-that the missionaries may be protected and guided, and that the Christian religious teach- The editors seek to preserve accuracy and to manifest the spirit of Christ In the pages of this REVIEW, but do not acknowledge responsibility for opinions exprest, nor for positions taken by can· tributors of signed articles in these pages.-EDITORS.

ing in mission-schools and col- Israel and may be the means of leges may not be hindered. promoting missions to the Jews in 6. For Japan and Korea-that the three a more effective way.

years' evangelistic campaign to 12. For the Christian Church-that the reach all unvisited areas in Japan Church may be purified and filled may proceed with power from with the Spirit, that the minis- God, and that the present awaken- ters may preach the pure Gospel ing in Korea may continue and with power, and that the worldli- grow. ness and cowardice and weakness 7. For China-that the work already of Christians may be displaced by reported among students and Godliness, self-sacrifice, and the leaders may be abiding and may energy of the Spirit of God.

bring multitudes to see in Christ THE CRISIS IN PERSIA the only hope of China; also that the present negotiations with T HE Christians in Persia are cry- Japan may result in treaties that will help and not hinder true lib- ing aloud to God for help, as did erty and peace and progress in the Children of Israel in the days of China and in the Orient. Pharoah's oppression. Fifteen thou- 8. For India-that the mass move- sand of them are in the mission "Com- ments may be so directed and used that those who desire to con-' pounds of Urumia, and thousands more are facing death or worse in fess Christ may become truly in- cities and villages. Rev. Robert M.

telligent Christians and may help Labaree, who went out ten years ago to develop a strong native church. to take the place of his brother who 9. For Africa-that the warfare be- had been murdered by the 'Kurds, tween avowedly Christian nations now writes appealing for help for may not turn Africans from the these starving t~ousands, who are Gospel, and that German and suffering because they are Chris- British Christians may sink their tians and not Mohammedans. Turks national differences in view of and Kurds are bearing down upon their unity in Christ; also that the them, burning villages, looting prop- progress of Islam may be stayed .erty, killing men and boys, and carry- by the power of the Gospel, and ing away women and children to a that the vast unoccupied areas may have messengers of Christ. fate worse than death. More than ID. For the Mohammedan world-that fifty thousand dollars are needed fanaticism and blindness may be immediately if these sufferers are not removed and the way opened for to die of starvation on the mission secret believers to confess Christ premises. as Lord; that Dr. Zwemer's work In the days of Pharoah there were in Egypt among students and sol- diers may result in many conver- no human servants of God who sions. could be called upon to relieve His II. For the Jews-that the Hebrew people's distress, and He called into Christian Alliance, now one year operation His mighty forces of nature old, may succeed in uniting har- to effect their release. To-day mil- moniously Hebrew Christians, and lions of men and women profess to may be used to awaken the Church be ready to follow His bidding- to tl-.e need of giving the Gospel to "Inasmuch as ye have done it unto

OF THE

one of the least of these my brethren, and there has been some clashing ye have done it unto Me." This caB among Turks of the War Party and comes to Christians in America most the Peace Party at Constantinople, loudly and insistently, They are most the Peace Party being the stronger, free from the awful strain of war, and but without much leadership, while their missionaries have been working the War Party has an the German in Persia for eighty years, and are officers and the army and navy on its the only ones in a position to ren- side. der the needed help.* In case Russia takes control of Persia is undergoing a baptism of parts of Turkey, the change will blood, and if the Christian Church probably not materially interfere with gives the needed sympathy and as- the missionary work. Russia has sistance we may see even more won- shown increasing liberality in the last derful results than have followed in ten years, and the war will possibly China, where the attempt to stamp result in greater liberalization of Rusout Christianity fifteen years ago re- sian administration and in advancing sulted in the physical death of 10,000 the Kingdom of God in Turkey. Mis- Christians, but has borne fruit in the sionaries write in a hopeful tone for awaking into spiritual life of hun- the future. A door of approach is dreds of thousands of those who were .opening to the Moslems surpassing spiritually dead in Boxer days. Truly, anything in the ninety years' experi- Christianity in Persia is at a crisis, ence of the American Board in Turbut it may be a crisis that may, be key. turned to victory. On the other hand, letters from TMISSIONARY PERILS IN TURKEY Asia Minor describe an attitude on HE storming of the Dardanelles the part' of the Turks in authority and the Bosporus has caused that looks very threatening toward some to fear that the missionaries in Christians of any race aside from Turkey may be in peril. All letters the Germans. Many Greeks, Armefrom Constantinople, Smy~a, and nians, and Protestants are in terror Asia Minor, however, report the situ- because of threats and daily outation as quiet. The storming of rages. Greeks in one city were im- Smyrna will probably not bring dan- prisoned simply for using the Greek ger to the missionaries. The mission- language. Pictures of bloody massaaries will, no doubt, withdraw to the cres and outrage are posted in Turkcollege grounds outside of the city, ish schoolrooms. "On the walls of a where the American flag will be dis- school for little girls, for instance," played. At Constantinople, Robert says one letter, "hangs a lurid scene College has been selected as the place in blood-red and white. Headless of rendezvous in case the city is bodies lie around; hands, arms, feet, bombarded (which is not anticipa- from all of which blood streams. In ted) . The Turks have made attacks the center stands a Christian hacking # on the Greeks in the Smyrna district, an old man to death. On all these pictures are words certain to arouse *Send contributions to the Persian Relief Fund bitter fanaticism." Spencer Trask & Co., Treasurers, New York' . , The teachers say these pictures are Robert E. Speer. Chairman.

sent by the government, and declare der will gravely affect missionary that they are instructed also to teach work if they are put into operation. the children poems which inculcate Foreign individuals may found prihatred and contempt. One "hodja," vate schools in Turkey only by imon being reasoned with, merely perial firman and in accordance with stamped his foot and said, "So will the Ottoman law, after permission we grind these enemies under our has been granted by the Department feet." of Education.

The American missionaries, for the Some of the conditions indicate the most part, seem to expect little blow that would be struck at Christrouble in case the Allies capture tian missionary education by such Constantinople. Years of kindness, regulations. All schools, without exand the help and friendliness ex- ception, are subject to municipal taxtended in the last few months, have ation. All schools must make oblilaid such foundations of trust that gatory the study in Turkish of the the common people will not carry Turkish language, with the history out the cruel or bloody plans of some and geography of Turkey, the Tur- Moslem leaders. Many Americans kish language being made the language are looking forward to greater inti- of the schoo!. The program of the macy and helpfulness than ever be- schools are to be approved by the fore, growing out of the shared necessary authorities, including the troubles of recent times. approval of all text-books, etc.

MISSION SCHOOLS IN TURKEY One of the most significant of the requirements is: "Pupils who are not THE decree of the Turkish Gov- of the religion and denomination to ernment abrogating the "capitu- which the school belongs shall not be lations" was issued last August. Soon taught the lessons pertaining to reafter this, a governmental order was ligion and sacred history, and shall issued affecting private religious, edu- not be present at prayers." cational, and benevolent institutions in the empire, assuming that previous These orders have been protested agreements were also abrogated, so by the German, Austrian, and Ameri~ that the rights of each institution can ambassadors, each presenting an must be taken up de novo. Institu- identical note to the Turkish Goverl}- tions that have no imperial firman ment. Under this protest execution are reckoned as actually not in exist- of the order was postponed until the ence, and are not to be recognized, 1st of April, and, later, until Septemand were given two months (from ber. There is a general belief that September 18th) to apply directly to the execution of the order will never the Ottoman Government for a fir- be carried out. man, not through any diplomatic representative. Any institution failing to The Governor of the Vilayet of secure its firman within the two Smyrna recently made to the United months' limit was to be immediately States Consul-General at Smyrna a closed. significant statement that indicates the attitude of many Turks toward mis- Some of. the statements in the or- sion schools: "I have the most friendly feeling toward these schoofs

5] SIGNS OF THE

(American schools), and desire to with a Turkish Testament and ex- do nothing to harm them. I wish plain it to them. This is the first the Americans would found more of time that a missionary has been in them in Turkey, as they are a benefit these hostels of students from dis- to the country. I see no reasons for tant Moslem lands. Dr. Zwemer gave taking measures against them, even each man a copy of Arabic tracts, on religious grounds. The clause of from the Nile Mission Press, called the new rules which prescribes that "The Well of Zem Zem, the Well of the school curriculum should be Bethlehem, and the Water of Life."

taught in the Turkish language Mitri Effendi (a Protestant Copt would be equivalent to abolishing from Alexandria), by permission of these institutions, as the staffs of the students, offered an earnest professors in charge could not com- prayer in Arabic, and Mr. Trow- ply with this demand. When I learn bridge followed in prayer in Turkish.

that these regulations have been put In that one hostel there are resident into effect at Robert College, for in- over one hundred Turks, and there stance, I will then decide what I shall are two or three other such head- do here." quarters or clubs.

The American institutions in Tur- One of the chief sheikhs of the Az- key will decline to pay the assess- har, who openly resisted every Chris- ment proposed, even should such an tian influence, has now become very act mean the temporary closing of friendly, in part through Dr. Zwe- the school. American missionaries in mer's influence and in part because Turkey believe that Ambassador of the political change which has put Morgenthau is fully alive to the the English in supreme control. Dr.

situation and is doing everything Zwemer's sermons to Moslems are possible to provide ample protection . bringing many inquirers to his office for American educational interests in for personal conversations.

Turkey.

THE REVIVAL IN FUKIEN THETURKISH STUDENTS IN CAIRO SPIRITUAL tides are rising 111 door is open in Egypt even some of the smaller centers of wider than before the war. The China, tho the results have been less Moslems show renewed interest in widely known than those in the large ~ the message of the missionaries and cItIes. In Shaowu, for example, a in many cases become real inquirers. city of 20,000 inhabitants, in Fukien Rev. Stephen Trowbridge, who went province, where the American Board to Cairo last December to take up has a boys' academy, a carefully work for Moslem children, writes en- planned, prayerfully executed cam- couragingly of visits to the Azhar paign has been carried on along the "university," and subsequent inter- lines that have been successfully fol- views with Turkish students in their lowed in larger cities. Preliminary own rooms. None of these students science lectures, given by Mr. Cole, had read the New Testament, but of Toronto, were heard by over three they promised readily to begin read- thousand people. The evangelist, Mr.

ing it if Mr. Trowbridge would come Yui, is a Harvard alumnus, widely

traveled, active in 191 I in getting the to pray to come to the church at 5 in Revolutionary government onto its the morning, and a number respon- feet, a polished, gifted gentleman, ded, so that soon a revival had be- burning with Christian zeal for his gun. People went to 5 A. M. prayer- country. His message, "China's only meetings, and didn't get home until hope-Jesus Christ," made a pro- noon. The whole church was shaken found impression. The magistrate, from center to circumference, and the the principal of the Middle School, a meetings set the whole city on fire.

former member of parliament, and All the churches began with 5 o'clock the head of the local gentry, presided morning prayer-meetings.

at successive meetings. Seventeen In Pyengang, in less than three hundred men and students attended weeks, more than 3,000 men and his three meetings and 770 women women con fest Christ. After the and girls the two meetings for them. great trial Korea had passed through As a result of these meetings there during the last two years, this re- are 494 men and boys who signed vival comes as a seal from God upon cards expressing a desire to study the the work and as a source of strength Bible, and 143 women and girls. to the Koreans.

Among them are the magistrate, the postmaster, 30 of the gentry, in- OHIO CONVENTION OF METHODIST cluding the teachers in the govern- MEN ment schools. pRO B A B L Y no denominational missionary 'convention has ever METHODIST REVIVAL IN KOREA been held which registered so many REPORTS from Seoul tell of a men as that held at Columbus, Ohio, marked revival in the Methodist on March 17-18-19th. The paid Mission Church. Most of the stu- registrations totaled 3.456, and one dents attend here, and were so deeply notable feature was that everyone of moved that for nearly a week reci- the 35 district superintendents in tations were dispensed with in order Ohio was present.

that the time might be given to medi- The program was strong and broad, tation and prayer. Rev. E. M. Cable and there were powerful messages writes: "The men, with great sob- delivered by Dr. John R. Mott, S.

bing and crying unto God, were Barl Taylor, Rev. A. E. Corey, Mr.• cleansed and filled with the Spirit. W. E. Doughty, Bishop H. C. Stuntz, One could imagine himself back in and others. The survey presented the days of Whitefield." by the use of charts and lantern- The revival began when the Korean slides made a searching analysis of pastor of First Methodist Church felt actual conditions in Ohio. The em- his helplessness and the need of his phasis on prayer and other spiritual people so keenly that he arose very processes, necessary if the church is early every morning and spent an to be victorious, made the convention hour in prayer for them on the a great spiritual power. The meeting south mountain. On rainy mornings should mark a decided advance in the he went into the church. Later, he missionary life and power of the asked any of his people who wanted Methodist churches in Ohio.

EVENTS

May 5th to IIth-National Y. W. C. A. Convention, Los Angeles, Cal. 12th to 17th-Southern Baptist Convention, Houston, Texas. 19th to 26th-Northern Baptist Convention, Los Angeles, Cal. 20th to 29th-General Assembly Presby. Ch., U. S., Newport News, Va. 20th to 30th-General Assembly Presby. Ch., U. S. A., Rochester, N. Y. 29th-The looth anniversary of the Basel Missionary Society, 1815.

June 4th-The 50th anniversary of the birth of George L. Pilkington, 1865. 6th to 13th-Woman's Congress of Missions, San Francisco, Cal. 15th to 20th-China Inland Mission Jubilee Conf., Niagara-on-the-Lake, Onto 16th to 22d-Woman's School of Missions, Merriam Park, St. Paul, Minn. 24th to July lst-Woman's Summer School of Missions, VVinona Lake, Ind.

25th to July 4th-Missionary Education Movt. Conf., Blue Ridge, N. C. 30th-The 600th anniversary of the Martyrdom of Raymond Lull, 1315.

July 2d to 12th-Missionary Education .Mozlement Conj., Asilomar, Cal. 6th-Five-hundredth anniversary of the Martyrdom of John Hus. 6th to 13th-Woman's Summer School of Missions, Boulder, Col. 7th to 12th-Fifth World Christian Endeavor Convention, Chicago, Ill. 8th'to 15th-Woman's Summer School of Missions, Northfield, Mass. 9th-The 75th anniversary of Martyrdom of Christians in Madagascar. 9th-Woman's Summer School of Missions, Silver Bay, N. Y.

9th to 18th-Missionary Education Movement Conf., Silver Bay, lY. Y.

9th to 20th-Southern Methodist Missionary Conference, Junaluska, N. C. 12th to I7th-Woman's Summer School of Missions, Mt. Hermon, Cal. 12th to 19th-Missionary Conf. Reformed Church, U. S., Vermillion, O. 14th to 18th-Woman's Summer School of Missions, Monteagle, Tenn. r6th to 23d-Woman's Summer School of Home Missions, Northfield, Mass. r6th to 25th-Missionary Education Mm'ement Conf., Estes Park, Colo. 18th to 25th-Missionary Conv. of Disciples of Christ, Los Angeles, Cal. 2zd to 30th-Missionary Education Movement Conj., Ocean Park, Me. 23d-The looth anniversary of the baptism of Africaner, r8IS. 28th to Aug. 2d-Laymen's Miss. Movement Conf., Lake Geneva, Wis. 30th to Aug. 9th-Christian and Miss. Alliance Conv.,Old Orchard Beach, Me.

Augult 1St to 3d-World's Bible Congress, San Francisco, Cal. 4th to 8th-Presbyterian Home Missions Conference, Montreat, N. C.

6th to 15th-Missionary Education Movement Conf., Lake Geneva, Wis. loth to 15th-International Convention of Young People's Alliance of the Evangelical Association, Lomira, Wis. 25th to 29th-Woman's Summer School of Missions, Chatauqua, N. Y. 28th to Sept. 6th-Y. Vv. C. A. Student Conference, Lake Geneva, Wis.

"ONE STAR"-A FULL-BLOODED CROW INDIAN IN HIS "WAR BONNET"

Wigwam to

A RED MAN'S OWN STORY OF HIS PROGRESS FROM ,DARKNESS TO LIGHT BY REV. HENRY ROE CLOUD, WINNEBAGO, NEBRASKA A Winnebago Indian. Graduate of Yale University ~I N the bark wigwam on room for the reed mats that were the banks of "The spread out for us to sit on.

. Murky Waters" (Mis- One of my earliest recollections was that of running round and round souri River), in Ne- a big tree while my grandfather shot small arrows toward me. Many years braska, where I was after I learned that he was in this way teaching me how to dodge the – born, life was very arrows of an enemy in time of war.

primitive. Indians never kept birth- Learning to Worship days, but I probably arrived some . My grandmother had twelve chil- dren, and one uncle undertook to time in the winter of r884. My teach me the art of worship. He used to lead me to the sandy banks of father and my mother were both the Missouri' River, where he would set fire to a pile of drift wood, and Winnebago Indians. In the one cir- then, taking me by the hand, sing sacred songs to the fire and river. In cular room of the wigwam, where we the meantime he threw into them of- ferings of tobacco, red feathers, and ate, slept, and made merry, I lived sometimes oak twigs. I never knew the meaning of these offerings, but I until I was ten years old, with my always felt that some living thing· actuated both the fire and the river. father and mother, my brother, my Another uncle came to visit ns pe- riodically, and every time he came sister, and sometimes my grand- my brother or I suffered at his hands. Sometimes he would rush to the mother. The meat was roasted on spring, carrying me horizontally un- der his arm, and would plunge my spits over the central fire, and on head into the water until I almost suffocated. His most common form the coals my mother baked the bread. of discipline was to let me hang by my hands on the cross-poles of' the From chains fastened to poles across wigwam until my arms ached. My body writhed before I dropt. Thi§ the smoke-vent over the fire were often hung kettles of meat and wild beans or maize that gave forth most appetizing odors. But there were many times in a lean year when the black chains had no kettles, and no bread was baked over the ashes and coals. Many a night we went to bed supperJess, but were taught to lie down to rest at such times without' a complaint. If any food was brought home during the night, the children were awakened and were fed first.

Every night mother made our bed on the ground, and during the day the bedding was folded or rolled up in the back part of the wigwam to make

uncle seemed to like best to com- skins for medicine bags. All of the mand my older brother to tie my muskrat skins were sold, and these hands and feet with a rope. Then he are so much used for barter that the would order me to resist-an ordeal name of a quarter of a dollar 111 that would make us both cry. In the Winnebago language is "the price of winter he would also sometimes roll a muskrat skin." us in the snow naked. The punishment of Indian children is nsually in Like other Indian boys, I learned the hands of some uncle rather than to shoot with bows and arrows. the parents. Our punishments were Vhenever I lost an arrow, my inflicted generally because we had mother used to tell me that "Wakdisobeyed grandmother by failing to Chun-Koga" (jester), one of the get wood at evening, had resisted sons of "Ma-u-na" (Earth-Maker), fasting, had fought some Indian had hidden it. A good arrow is a boys, or had cried without sufficient great loss to an Indian boy, and my cause. The fear of such chaslise- 1110ther taught me to cry aloud to ment often kept us from disobe- "Wak-Chun-Koga" to restore my ardience. row. The ordinary way of finding a lost arrow is to put saliva in the palm Father and mother trapped for of the hand, strike it with one finger beaver skins, .otter skins, and musk- of the other hand, and follow the rat skins. Other Indians went in direction in which the saliva flies. bands to cut broom-corn and sugar- Another way is to go to the spot from cane, but invariably my. parents went which the original arrow was shot, trapping. We would encamp along and, keeping a careful watch, shoot some stream, and on a clear night another arrow in the same direction could look up throngh the s1110ke- as the first, and with the same force. vent and see some bright star gleam- By these means the lost arrows arc ing in the heavens. In the darkness often found. there wore continual sounds-the rustle of leaves and the murmur of Indian Fasting the stream. Sometimes at night there would come a sudden whir of Fasting is a universal practise wings, a thud, and the hooting of an among Indians. Sometimes they go owl would be heard directly over- without food from four to ten days at head. Again there came from a dis- a time. The purpose of these fasts, in tance, and approaching nearer, the which I often took part, is to gain sound of a beaver lashing the waters the compassion and blessing of with its tail. some spirit, in order that he might come and reveal himself to th~ In- Vve ate beaver meat, but not otter. dian. They claim that mighty spirits We had also plenty of ducks and have come and imparted powers and wild geese. Indians use the skins of secrets to Indians which they could the beaver and otter both for cere- use all their lives in war, in the hunt, monial purposes and for trade. Even and in medicine. Anyone who has to-day the members of the great such a "dream" is considered blest "Medicine Lodge" religion among the beyond his fellows. These "dreams" "Tinnebagoes carry beaver and otter are sacred, and no man without a

WIGWAM TO PULPIT 33

"dream" can ever hope to be a war- sun was setting, we would climb the chief or a medicine-man. I have heard tallest trees to see if father was many Indians call upon the "Spirit" coming home. We were two hungry whom he claims to have seen and boys, but I never had a "dream." heard. An Indian child pleases his parents most when he fasts, for by it, The joys of my childhood were at it is believed, he secures benefits far their height in the winters when greater than they can bestow. grandmother came to live with us. Fasting is practised to prepare for During the summer she r:efused to tell us stories, for she said "the A WINNEBAGO INDIA~ BARK WIGWAM the hard times to come; for "lean snakes will be in their holes when years," in times of war and sickness. snow falls." One of the unwritten Children in early childhood are made laws among the Indians is that in the to fast, for the parents say: "When evening, when the young boys bring you come to where the earth is nar- into the wigwam a fine, dry log for row (meaning hard times), where a winter night's fire, the old people will be your dependence?" When my must tell them stories. At the snowfather went away to sell the skins he fiying, I have dragged in many a log, had trapped, my mother used to make and as the winds roared outside and my brother and me fast, telling us as we heard the creaking of swaying that we could eat when father came trees, have listened to my grandhome. Toward evening, when the mother tell of mighty deeds of heroes,

of war, of animals, of nature, of these spirits. This Bird Clan ob- "Spirits," and of her own childhood. structed or permitted war. .The cere- With her stories of "Wak-Chun- mony of stopping some party from Koga," the Don Quixote of Indian going on a warpath was simple. At lore, grandmother made the winters daybreak the Chief of the Bird Clan one long laugh for me. Then there (if he thought the war chief too auda- was always a test night, when one of cious or unnecessarily imperilling the us boys had to retell some of the young warriors), would lay his peace- stories that she had related. Every pipe across the door of the one who story had its particular lesson-for was about to leave with the war example, those relating to "Turtle," party. The war chief, seeing the first son of "Ma-u-na" (Earth- peace-pipe across his door, could not, Maker), were to instil courage. We under any circumstances, continue used to swallow turtle-hearts to make his hostile purposes. The powers en- us brave. trusted by long custom to these clans Soon I learned that each of us be- are absolute.

longed to a special clan. The num- Taken to "See Writing" ber of people in the tribe determine the number of families in a particu- One day while we were out play- lar clan. There were about twelve ing, an Indian policeman came to take clans among the Winnebagoes, such. my brother "to go see some writing"

as the Bear Clan, the Wolf Clan, the -a literal expression for going off to Dog Clan, the Bird Clan, and the school. I wanted to go too, not be- Buffalo Clan. I was born. into the cause I wanted to see writing, but Bird Clan. When a child is named, because I wanted to be with my great ceremony is observed, and the brother. With many tears I per- Indian's name always indicates the suaded my mother to let me go, and clan to which he belongs. "Broken when I Was about seven years of age Tree-Top," for example, indicates we were taken to a non-reservation the Bird Clan. The lightning strikes schoof at Genoa, Nebraska. In two a great tree on the summit of a hill, years' time I had forgotten my own shatters it at the top, and often the language, for I was thrown with whole tree is brought to the ground. Sioux, Omahas, Apaches, Pottawa- The powers that struck that tree live tomies, Ottoes, Arappahoes, and in the air, and must, therefore, be Cheyennes who could not speak Win- some form of winged creatures. The nebago.

name of my niece is "Ahoo Gee Upon one occasion I thought my Sheen Ni Winga," meaning "Bril- brother acted very queerly. He took liant Wings." me to a room and told me to sit The Bird Clan was the War Clan. down and talk to my mother. I My own Indian name is "Wo-Na- could not understand what he meant, Xi-Lay-Hunka," mea n i n g "War and the more he urged the more be- Chief," and is derived from the wildered I became. I thought that lightning spirits, who are believed to he was mocking both mother and me, control the destinies of men in war. and when I cried he let me go. I ~as named for the chief among Never did I dream that ideas could

1 5] FROM, WIGWAM TO PULPIT

be put on paper, carried away by tried for a place in the school band, trains, and, finally, com e into the and was chosen for the alto part, hands of some loved one. To talk .and then for the cornet. Every through space to one so far away was "Cross Day" (Sunday) we were a thing that I could not understand. marched down the road t6 a white Later.1 understood, and wrote many building with a cross on it. I enletters home. READY FOR A BARE-BACK HORSE RACE There is little that I recollect about this school except that I herded joyed these marches, as we were sheep, flew kites, fought John Hun- drest up, and I had a chance to blow ter, slid in winter, caught a ground- my ' cornet in the band 'ahead of the squirrel and a young crow for pets, procession. At these meetings stole g1~apes and cherries in sum- ( Sunday-school) the teachers gave mer, and once went to the hospital us cards with pictures on them, and with a big splinter in my foot. I re- would tell us about God, the Great member, too, that my cousin and Spirit. One dark night, when I was playmate, Freel Hensley, died in the about thirteen years old, I was school. awakened, long after midnight, by an officer of the school, who told me to After two years my people carne go downstairs, for a man wanted to to . take us home, and we rode 100 see me. When I went down I found miles from Genoa to Winnebago in a the Rev. William T. Findley, a Preswagon. Father and I rode double on byterian minister, the same man who his horse, and we went over many conducted the meetings at the white hills on the way without ever saying house, and who used to tome somea word. He could not understand times to our log cabin and wigwam me and I could not understand him, village in the woods near the river. but in three weeks I got back my On the previous "Cross Day" the native tongue and have never lost it lesson at the Sunday-school had been smce. N at long , after, the Indian police again took me to the reservation Government school, and I stayed there a number of years, Our chief pastimes were with our ponies, bows and arrows, marbles, racing, jumping, swimming, throwing the surhach-sticks in the fall, and sliding in winter, We played marbles "for keeps," and as I became proficient in the game I won hundreds of marbles. When I won all the marbles from a boy he would buy them back with any nickels or dimes he had. In this way I always had money in my pocket.

It was at this school that the greatest event in my life took place. I

on "Christ Before Pilate," when So I understood that when I took Pilate had been asked the difficult Jesus that night to be my friend, question as to what he would do with we were to stand by each other Jesus. My teacher, Mrs. Findley, through this life and throughout the asked each of us Indian boys to write "land of the setting sun." He was on a piece of paper what we would to defend me, and I was to defend Him. I did not understand much WHERE THE I N DI AN BO" FOUND HIS GR EAT FRIEND else that Mr. Findley said that night, but I knew that I had entered upon a Rev. and Mrs. Wm. G. Findley in fron t of church new life. The boys saw the change (White House) a·t Vinnebago, Nebraska that came over me, and I had be- come what the Indians called "A do with Jesus. My answer was that Preaching Listener." I would lik~ to be His friend, and this led Mr. Findley to call upon me From this time came many testings that memorable night. of my new purpose. Because I stopt fighting, the brand of coward was We sat down upon the grass, and placed on me. No protest came from Mr. Findley told me, for the first my people, except that my brother time, about Jesus Christ, as one ,who made fun of me, and my grandhad a real claim upon my friend- mother one night told me the followship. I felt a strange constraint to ing pointed story: accept this new spirit-friend. " Years ago, wearers of the long Friendship-making is a meaning- broadcloth (Jesuit priests) came full and a very formal act among In- among the Crows and began to dians. I knew that James Rain was preach. In the course of time, a my friend. We slept together, we Crow Indian listened and became "a played together, and fought for each preaching listener." When this Crow other. On some "Cross Day" after- Indian died the whole tribe gathered noons I took him to my home, and together in counsel to decide whether on others he took me to his home. they should dress him in Indian fash- His family was mine, and mine was ion for "the land of the setting sun" his. James Rain, I love to this day. or should put on him the robes of the strangers. They finally clothed him in black, like unto his white leaders, laid him on a high booth, ancl went up stream to hunt. In the mean- time the soul of the Indian began his last travel. He soon came to a place where the road parted, one road lead- ing to the left and the other to the right. He 'took the right road, and before long saw, in the distance, the' glory of some great habitation like that of the lighted heavens over some great city at night. ' The voices that he heard indicated that they were

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beings like himself, and his heart "Friendship." It wa;; stronger . than leaped within him for joy. But when the desire to go to any particl1lar he came near, to his great surprize, place 111 the wodd beyond the he was told to .go back with the grave. words, "You have mistaken your road. This is the white man's heaven. ' Go In the following year my grandback and take the other road." He AN lNDIAN BOY ' S FAVORITE P.4.STTME was a white man in dress, but his rn- mother, my father, and 111y mother dian features betrayed him. Sad at passed away, and "Honest John heart, he returned to the parting of N unn" was appointed l11y guardian. the ways, and taking the left-hand He lived long enough to see me road soon heard sounds that cheered started on the right road. his heart even more than what he had seen on the road to the right. He In the midst of great soul-lonelirecognized the Indian songs of this ness there were other difficulties. new gathering-place. When he hur- There were no other "preaching lisried to join them he was, however, teners" in the whole ,school, and sent back by ,the herald of the place, only one or two in the tribe. We were free to go home from the school saying: "Go back. You have mis- on Sundays, and in summer the whole taken your road, This is the Indian tribe used to gather at the "Flagheaven." His clothes made him look Pole" for horse racing, dancing, anel like a white man. There was nothing other amusements. My black pony left for the poor Indian to do but to had won the quarter-mile races and take that road that led back to his taken pony prizes. In these Sunday body. As he, reached the place where races I had also won the, small boys' his body was lying the tribe returned foot race, and had received a roan from their hunt, and on examining pacer as a prize, which, according to his body found life was in him. An custom, I gave to my sister. When I old medicine woman tended him, and when he was able to sit up he opened his mouth and told them his story. "Now," said my grandmother, "I do not command you to stop being 'a preaching listener,' but if you want to be forever a wanderer in the other world, you can continue in the road you have taken." A severe soulstruggle began, but I determined to remain true to my new Spirit Friend. When the day came that I was to be baptized, I st009 up alone before all the Indians, and the preacher asked me whom we should obey first, Christ or patents and relatives~ I answered, "Christ." In that answer I testified my belief in the reality of the

iJecame "a preaching li stener," how- rnitories were vacant, I stole away ever, I had to give up this trip to the alone to find out more and to gather "Flag-Pole," and used to roll around new strength. In the midst of the in the preacher 's yard all Sunday unpleasant loneliness there came to afternoon · not understanding why I me more, than a complement of deep could. not go to the "Flag-Pole" hill. joy.

Every Sunday at the church ser- A fter a time the preacher pervices it was customary to pass arounel suaded eight of us 'Winnebago boys to go to Santee Mission School in WHERE THE INDIAN BOy" WON THE PIGHT northeastern Nebraska, among the Sioux, one hundred miles away from Whitney Hall, Santee Mission School, N ebl-aska home. From Santee's heights I could see the river winding in the direction a basket into which the people put of my home; and away beyond the money. I wantecl to give, too, anel river stretched the prairies of South played harder at marblt;s, so that I Dakota. In a week six of the Winmight put a lot of moncy in that nebago boys ran away, and a week basket. In this way I managed to later the other told me that he was so give about 85 cents every Sabbath. homesick that he could not stand it One day the preacher asked me where any longer. We talked together far I got all the money I put in the into the night, and I tried to perbasket, and when I replied that "I suade him to stay, as winter would beat it from the boys," he told me soon come and go, and in early spring that I must stop playing "for keeps" we could return home. Finally, then and there. The boys all thought however, he said that he was going that I was very queer. I would not at daybreak. While it was yet dark fight any more, and my marble-play- we stole out of "Whitney Hall," and ing ceased. I also joined a "Band I walked with him a mile, carrying of Mercy," pledging never to kill a his black satchel. In a clump of boxbird again with my arrows, or to elder trees we shook hands in silence. mistreat animals. Only one or two There was a fight within me, but the other boys joined this band. victory was won, and as I walked back I realized that there was a more The Friendship I had entered upon than human power working in men. was not a thing of a day. I read about my Friend often out of the The following summer I went little Testament that the preacher home to visit, but came back to gave me, and oftcn, when the dor- Santee for three sllccessive years. The book that I read during this pe- riod made a profound impression upon me. It is entitled "Self-Help," by Samuel Smiles. This book led me to resolve to earn my way through school, but to stay away from Gov- ernment institutions. I f a school is to be measured, not by its elaborate equipment, its size and annual bud,

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get, but, by its power to develop my you·thful mind. On nearing the character in its students, then Santee school railroad station I saw a lot of is to be reckoned one of the great In- Indians, as I thought, and rushed dian schools of the country. Here through the train to greet them, but my soul awoke for the first time to I soon found that they were Japanese some appreciation of the fact that going to Mount Hermon. there is much to learn and much to do. Five years passed before I could be graduated. I was obliged to spend From Miss Kennedy, for many one whole year on a farm in New years matron of Whitney Hall, I Jersey to earn money. Dtiring; these THE MISSIONARY MOTHER AND HER ADOPTED INDIAN SON Mrs. Walter C. Roe, William Barnes, Jr., and Henry Roe. Cloud learned of a school in the east- five years I learned to pay for what "Mount Hermon," by name, founded by D. L. Moody, where the cost of J got, and, by actual struggle, came board, lodging, and tuition was, at to know the valJ1e of adollar,the that time, $110 a year. meaning of toil, and sorpet~ing of the worth of time. As· I followed a mule At Mount Hermon School team all day long all the New Jersey farm I used to tack on the hl;lmp of Before my graduation froin Santee (in 11)1)2) I left for Mount Hermon, the plow before me cardilfter card Massachusetts, with $100 . sewed in on which I had written the Greek my· undershirt to guard against the ·conjugations. In this way I mas- .dangers of travel among white people ·teted my Greek grammar' and made which had been deeply imprestupan ~good headway' in Xenophbn's' "Ana- .OaSis." . Tbere were many: diftkulties

to overcottle. The farmer said I was other parts of America. After the not plowing as large a section as I meeting I was introduced to Mrs. Roe might, and knocked the cards from by Professor Henry vVright, and she the plow. I did not know the use invited me to come to Oklahoma to of many studies that I had to take, see the Christian Indians there. As and this made the study oftentimes a a result I went to Oklahoma in the drudgery. To-day, however, I am summer of I907, and I found mythankful for the discouragements and self in the l11idst of many of these difficulties that came in my way, for Christian Indians. Since then I have they taught me my limitations. never felt alone. In Oklahoma I also met Dr. Valter C. Roe, and came to There was also a brighter side in look upon him as a truly great man. this life. I enjoyed reading and "The He was rather spare in his body, with an open, strong, eager face. He Old Tennent Church," and the "Jour- was fearless, clear-headed, profoundly spiritual, and always ,imprest me as nals of David Brainerd" were an in- a man whose soul was in line with spiration to me. At school I made the great movements of God. He the "All Hermon" baseball and foot- labored against tremendous physical ball teams. odds, yet he led an overflowing life of service for the Indian race. Four Years at Yale Dr. and Mrs. Roe had had a son I entered Yale University in the who had died in early infancy, and fall of r9Q6. The night before I re- who, if he had lived, would have ceived final word that I had passed been about my age. After some time my examinations the Sophomores in they decided to adopt me as their son, New Haven came to haze me, and I and I took their name. From that heard my first Yale song, "Wake, time Dr. Roe was the steady and wise Freshman, Wake." As I lay on my counselor, and Mrs. Roe gave my life couch in Pierson Hall, the singing of and thoughts the upward look. At the approaching Sophomores grew college, when a multitude of ideas louder and louder. Soon they filled throng the mind and make a true my room, and things happened that perspective of life difficult, a young only a Yale man knows. After the man greatly needs the steadying ordeal was over I was "a Yale man." power of some true and wise cottn- It was a great moment to me, when, selor. marching through the streets, I joined with several thousand students for During my years at Yale I paid the first time in the cry of Aristo- my way by waiting on table, taking phanes' frogs. tickets at the great games, selling In- dian relics, working out by the day, The most significant event of my by monitorships, and by canvassing Freshman year was my meeting Mrs. over a good part of Connecticut. Walter C. Roe, who addressed the During these, trips, when I appeared students one Sunday afternoon upon at people's doors, they told me of the the subject of "American Indians." arrow-heads they had found around Up to this time I had not seen very their homes, but they were not ready many Christian Indians, but in her address she spoke or' thousands of these Christians in Oklahoma and in

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to buy the civilized article I offered be only stepping-stones into a vastly for sale. Upon one occasion, when a richer, fuller life. I have found that friend and I had utterly failed, I per- if the Indian is to live he must have suaded it woman to leave her milk- something deeper than what mere ing to him while I went with her into civilization can give him. Each Inthe house, and there I made the only dian boy and girl must have the sale for the entire day. That evening Christian motive for life, and the im- I seemed to see the sun rise in the planting of this motive and ideal is sunset. the most necessary constructive work in Indian education. Some years before a not her "preaching listener" and I had made Dr. Walter Roe saw the need of two marks in the earth between us to establishing an inter-denominational. record a vow. In this way Indians Christian school, for the purpose of called the earth to witness in the be- training Indian Christian leaders lief that should one of the parties to from all the tribes, but he died when the vow prove unfaithful, the other he had only taken the first step. My would know it the instant the apos- life is now committed to the carrying tate's foot touched the earth, wher- forward of this enterprise. Christian ever he might be. My companion education is the great need of the Inand I had vowed that we would go dians to-day, and as Senator Hollis to school and learn all we could about has said, "An education achieved at our "New Friend," and would then some sacrifice is more valuable than come back to tell our people. True one acquired through charity." To to this vow I went from Yale to this work of the Christian education Oberlin Seminary, where I founel of my people I have consecrated my true scholarship, earnestness, and life, and to its successful accomplishenthusiasm for the work of the minis- ment I look forward with great hope. try. Many invitations began to come to me to speak on behalf of the In- In writing the above I have viodian cause, and as Ohio was too far lated one of the strictes't moral codes away to respond to those from New of the Indians, by which no youth is England, I left Oberlin and went to allowed to speak in counsel before Auburn, where I was graduated two men who carry more weight of years. years later. At my ordination, Dr. I should have waited until I had at least the dignity of one gray hair on James Riggs said truly that the white my head before addressing any people, but have yielded to the urrace had given me the best that it ~ent request of the editor of this had to give. magazine and in the hope .that some other "preaching listener" may be en- On the shores of Owasco lake, couraged on The Way.-H. R. C. near Auburn, I pondered over the whole question of the welfare of my race. What seemed sacrifices to me a few years ago I have discovered to ItRedeeming the red man is a more hopeful and also a more interesting process than riRing him/'

ERNEST McAFEE

Things Missions Have

They have made the name of Christ the best-known name in the world. They are proclaiming the Gospel in over ten thousand different places. They have planted in the leading foreign lands the Church of Christ, with a Protestant membership of over 2,644,170. They have created a great system or' Christian schools and colleges, having a present enrolment of over a million and a half pupils. They have stimulated the governments of the leading nations of the East to establish educational systems of their own. They have introduced modern medicine, surgery,and sanitation into the darkest quarters of the globe, by means of 675 hospitals and 963 dispensaries. They have been the principal agents of relief in fan1ines, and have made scientific investigation of the causes which lie at their root. They have taught people habits of cleanliness and the laws of health, thus lessening the spread of plague and pestilence. They have upheld the idea of the dignity of labor among those who regard toil as menial. They have established a multitude of trade schools' in which development of Christian character keeps pace with growth in manual skill. They have helped to abolish human slavery and shown the Christian way of caring for the aged, o~phans, blind, deaf mutes, insane and lepers, They have Ii fted women from a condition of unspeakable degradatioll, and trained a new generation of Christian mothers', wives, and daughters, who are making homes and introducing new ideals of social life. They have translated the entire Bible, or portions of the Scriptures; into 500 languages and dialects, distributing last year alone 9,272,221 copies. They have reduced many' strange tongues to writing'and have created a literature for whole races, producing annually a vast amount of good reading ill. the shape of books, hymnals, and papeh for all ages. They have transformed the peopl~ ,of the Fiji Islands, Melanesia, and other island groups from cannibals to civilized beings. They have been the main agent in the extraordinary awakening of the people of China by which, turning their backs on the history of 4,000 years, they have adopted Western ideas in government, education, and commerce, and are showing an amazing readiness to receive the Gospel of Christ. They have started a movement in Korea which is going forward with such unparalleled rapidity that the nation bids fair to become Christianized withi~ a generation. The victories of the past and the opportunities of the present constitute a sublime challenge to the Church for the conquest of the, remaining strongholds of Islam and paganism. Such considerations as the~e should' convince the people of our churches that we are indeed living in a new ,era of missionary work and that the hour of Christianity has struck for the non-Christian world.

Diet for a Sick

BY REV. JAMES 1. VANCE, D.D., LL.D., NASHVILLE, TENNESSEE Pastor of the First Presbyterian Church, Nashville; Chairman of the Executive Committee of Foreign Missions of the Presbyterian Church in the United States ORE churches die of work trek back to the church for their inspiration, initiative, and mainteneMJ cl r y rot t han of ance. It is a significant fact that heresy. More churches there has never been a hospital in any become infirm through country until Christianity had en- misdirected e f for t s than from overwork. tered that country. If the support ::Iore churches rust out than wear given, as the output of influences out. When the funeral of a church generated by Christian ideals and imis held-and such mournful obse- pulses, were withdrawn, humanitarian quies must sometimes be performed work in the world would be hope- -a careful canvass of the situation lessly crippled. will discover the fact that it was not poor preaching, or a bad neighbor- The product of the church is rehood, or the removal of wealthy deemed men and women, and its busimembers, that accomplished the de- ness is to give to these a motive big cease. The church sickened and died enough to drive life uphill. Social from malnutrition. redemption can come only as a re- sult of the redemption of social units, There are churches that feed 011 and so the work of the church in food which does not nourish. Their personal regeneration lies at the very hunger is appeased. They are not foundation of any scheme for a soconscious that they need anything. cial milleniu111. We can never have a But they are slowly starving, and, sanitary world as long as the sources unless the diet is changed, their doom of life in the human heart are unis sealed. cleansed.

The Value of the Church The church is the divine instru- It is a public calamity when a ment for the establishment of the church gets on the sick list, for the Kingdom, the one piece of machinery church is the saving agency of so- which God has set up in the world to ciety. Its business is to look after bring to pass the civiliz"tion that is to people, and to lend a helping hand to last forever. The state is important, every movement which makes for but the church is more important. The human betterment. The public does state may be infirm or despotic, but not exist for church welfare, but the if the church remain loyal to its mis- church is for public welfare. sion, and faithfully and fearlessly The church is the social dynamo. discharge its ministry, the day will Its business is to start and keep come when society will build a new going all kinds of good enterprises. state on the ruins of the old. But if All benevolent and philanthropic within a sound state there rots a de-

cadent and 'decaying church, society's It is merely that the line whose life is fouled at its sources. business it is to carry the water into your house has ceased to perform its It becomes, therefore, of first im- functions. portance to all human interests that the church maintain a vigorous life. A great war flames in Eumpe, and cheap thinkers say Christianity has When Is the Church Sick? failed. It would be more accurate to say that Christianity's instrument A church in a poor state of health for conveying the will and life of is usually absorbed in its own God to men has failed to perform its troubles, Like most sick people, it is function in such a way as to preself-centred, Its daily round is a re- vent war. The church is sick. It cital of its aches and pains, its moods has not poss<':st sufficient vigor to conand temperatures. But the trouble a trol the situation. It has been oversick church is to itself is the smallest run by the militarists. It has been part of the disaster. A sick church ridden down by the war spirit. It is a social infirmity. Many of the has been sent to the rear, where all tmubles in the family, in the school, the sick and infirm belong. It is not in business, in government, originate in control, and the reason it is not in in the failure of the church to main- control is that it has lost its power. tain a vigorous life, It has lost its power because it isa sick church, or it is a sick church be- Often the explanation of the in- cause it has lost its power. In either crease in crime, frequency of di- case, it has become a public calamity. vorce, political corruption, commer- Instead of conquering the world and cial dishonesty, Sabbath profanation, saving society, it needs a nurse, lawlessness, social impurity, and other evils, is to be found in the fact that Is not this the condition of many the church has lost its power. It a church, not only in Europe, but in has become formal and ineffective, other countries as well? There are To be sure, it is not fair to unload churches that are not saving the on the church the blame for all that town; they are on the town. Inis bad. Original sin is still an or- stead of being a municipal asset, they thodox explanation, But if tfIe are a municipal liability. They must church is entitled to the high place it be taken care of. Instead of living. claims as the divine instrument for they are barely existing. Their horithe establishment of the Kingdom, it zon is bounded by their own needs, must shoulder the blame when the and their sympathies are exhausted machine breaks down ~nd fails to do with their own distresses. They rethe work. gard themselves as the end of Chris- tianity, and not as means to the end. Some frosty morning the water They are churches all of whose aspifails to run from your faucet. You rations and activities end in themwill probably find the trouble in a selves, and whose plight is sufficiently . sick water-pipe. It is not that the described by Isaiah when he said: springs in the hills have run dry. It "The whole head is sick, and the is not that the river has ceased to whole heart is faint." flow. nor that the reservoir is empty.

DIET FOR A SICK CHURCH

The Symptoms of Sickness ungodly speak of it as an ecclesias- tical refrigerator. The trouble, how- The symptoms of a sick church are ever, is not that the church wishes to easily recognizable. be frosty and exclusive. The trouble is that the church is sick, and its I. Loss of appetite is one of the heart action is bad. first disorders to appear. There is no eagerness to hear God's word ex- 3. It is not long until various pounded. Bible preaching fails to functions of the body ecclesiastic get draw. Church attendance falls off. out of order. The extremities grow The preacher faces great spaces of cold, the limbs suffer from a numbempty pews, which yawn discourag- ness, digestion is poor, respiration is ingly and depressingly at him when bad. The minister appeals for workhe rises to deliver his message. He ers, but ther~ is no response. He wonders what is wrong with himself, goes to his pulpit white hot, but no and he may well wonder, for he may sooner is he there than he begins to be in a measure responsible for the feel cold currents blowing froni situation. The disgrace of a church somewhere, and when he finishes, he dying on his hands torments him. In feels as if he had been in an ice-pack. his despair he resorts to anything to His people have lost their respondraw a crowd. He preaches on freak siveness, for the church is seriously topics. He advertises extensively. ill. He competes with the newspapers in the discussion of current events, and 4. Aches and pains are felt. Tuwith the picture-shows and concert mors and eruptions appear. Comhalls in his efforts to attract a crowd. plaints and petty jealousies arise. For a while he succeeds, but soon his Some of the brethren feel that they novelties grow stale, and he must in- have not been duly consulted. The vent something more highly flavored pastor's aid becomes the pastor's or lose his crowd. For they are still anxiety. The good women have a suffering from a loss of appetite for serious difference as to how the work divine truth. It is still a sick church. of the Lord should be done. There are dissensions and divisions. Schism 2. Loss of appetite is followed by impends, and a split is imminent. And anemia. The blood is thin, and the this is the church to which the Lord circulation is poor. People call it a says: "Let brotherly love continue." cold church. The charge is made that But the church has grown peevish it is unsociable and exclusive. An and fretful and discontented. It is impression gets abroad that it does not so much a church with a Gospel not care for poor people, for working as a church with a grievance. In~ men, or for anybody who is unable stead of blessing, it pesters the comto add to either the social or the munity. It insists on being noticed, financial assets of the organization. and so far from "laying down its People who attend the services of life for the brethren," is quick to take such a church are not dispos~d to re- offense at the 'slightest indication of peat the experience. They find a failure to treat it with reverence. nothing there to attract them. The church lacks magnetism, and its ser- Soon a condition of general devices are without inspiration. The bility ensues. The church has ceased

to think of its rnission. It thinks have. Christ's supreme gift to His llOW not of saving the 'World, but of Church is the Holy Spirit. He bade saving itself. Its annual reports are them tarry at Jerusalem until Pente- regarded as eminently satisfactory if cost, when the enduemerit came.

it can say that it is "holding its Christ has not promised His own." It has long since given up the church influence, but po'Wer. The two idea that it is an army in the field are very different. A church may for conquest, and has fallen back on have great influence, and be without the claim that it is a veteran deserv- spiritual power. It may be rich and ing a place on the pension list. It increased in goods, and have need of would like to be endowed, to have an nothing,' but be utterly powerless to income derived from the graveyard achieve spiritual results. It may rather than from the benefactions of possess numbers and wealth and so- living saints. It groans over changed cial prominence, and still be a very conditions, . and has grown discour- sick church.

aged and pessimistic. It seems power- Health is the best foe of sickness less to plan and impotent to execute in the human body. Physicians are any forward movement. It lacks finding that physical vigor beats drugs faith and hope and love. It is dis- in the battle with disease. When the enchanted of its task, and nervous vigor of the bQdygets below par, and about the Almighty. the activities become sluggish, dis- It is a sick chlirch, and it needs a ease finds it easy to make inroads on nurse. the system. The best way for a man What is such a church good for? to avoid sickness is to "keep fit."

It is good for nothing unless it can The same thing is true of a church, be cured. There is no particular and a church is fit only whe~ it is in merit in an aggregation of folks call- possession of spiritual power. What ing themselves a church and going vigor is to the human body, power is through the' forms of religion, but to the body of Christ. A church sterile and useless when the mission without power is a disqualified of the church is presented. church. A church that is not in con- .A church that has ceased to be of stant and unbroken fellowship with value to society has no claim to either the Spirit of God is susceptible to all the sympathy or support of society. kinds of spiritual contagions and dis- A sick church is without market eases.

value. The fundamental trouble with a A Diagnosis sick church is, therefore, not to. be Vith these symptoms, which are sought in the character of the neigh- all too common, arid which every pas- borhood in which it is located, nor in tor will recog'nize as having come un- the station of the people who com- der his observation from time to pose its pewholders, nor in the shab- time, how shall' we diagnose the dis- biness of the structure in which it ease? What, precisely, is the real worships, nor in the dryness of the trouble with a sick church? sermons to which it must listen, ·nor It has lost its power, the one in the exceeding sinfulness of sin thing the' Lord promised it should in the hearts of the worldlings who

DIET FOR A SICK CHURCH

decline to be" charmed by its holy way to warm up a cold church is to dirge. The trouble with a sick fire it with a world passion. The church is discovered in the fact that way to heal the divisions of a sour it is a church without spiritual as- and schismatic church is to unite it sets. A street-Clu line without a in. a service where it has unbroken power-plant will never carry passen- fellowship with the world Redeemer.

gers; and a church without living It is a significant fact that our connection with the divine dynamic Lord's promise of spiritual power will never save a soul. and the command to world service A church without power may seem are linked together. With one breath to grow, but its growth is merely fat- the risen Christ said to His disciples: ty degeneration. It may have a kind "Ye shall receive power after that of generosity, but its generosity is the Holy Ghost is come upon you,"

only a back-handed way of feeding and with the next breath He said: itself. If you ask it for money to "And ye shall be witnesses unto me fresco the church or purchase a new both in Jerusalem, and in all Jl1dea, organ, the response will be lavish; and in Samaria, and unto the utter- but if you ask it for money to clean most part of the earth." Is not the up a slum or send out a missionary, inference unavoidable? The secret of the response will be a "frost." the acquisition of spiritual power is The trouble is, the sick church is in the carrying out of the great com- 110t interested in spiritual things, and mission. The church which declines its malady is that it is without a Pen- to go into all the world and preach tecost. the Gospel to every creature can not I f this be a correct diagnosis based claim the promise of the Holy Spirit.

on the symptoms which show them- The church forfeits its spiritual selves in a sick church, what is the assets when it turns its back on its cure? world task. Forfeiting its spiritual What Is the Remedy? assets, it heads straight to the hos- If the church is really living, and pital and becomes a candidate for not dead, the remedy for its stag- the dispensary. Refusing to be a nation and coldness and lack of missionary church, it divorces itself vitality will be found in missions. from all the conditions of vigor and The way to cure a sick, selfish "health. That the relation of spiritual church is to get it interested in the power and missionary activity as business for which it was created. set forth in Christ's ascension promise The way to take "the church's eyes off is not an arbitrary one is proven by itself is to get it absorbed in a world the actual experience of the Church.

campaign. The way to make it for- Many a church has been not only get its own aches and pains is to toned up and rejuvenated, but liter- stimulate its sympathies with a vision ally raised from the dead, by a bap- of world need. The way to quicken tism of missionary fervor. There is the pulse and thicken the blood of a nothing better for the Church at home sick church is to engage it in activi- than to get it profoundly enlisted in ties which call into play all the nor- the work abroad. A church is bound mal functions of the church. The to drop its provincialism when it be-

comes really cosmopolitan. It IS How i~ a sick church to be enlisted likely to forget its own pefty aches in the missionary enterprise?

when it becomes a tender nurse, Some remedies must be taken inter- ministering to the wounds and woes nally. It is so with missions. The of a sin-sick world. people must be informed. Many a An old Puritan divine tells how church is unmissionary because the his sympathies were taxed and his members of that church do not know time and energies exhausted in ef- any better. Their congregational in- forts to comfort his flock. W·herever formation stops with first aid to the he went, it was a tale of woo Every- injured. Their leadership lacks mis- body seemed to be afflicted with trials sionary statesmanship. The church is and tribulations. Finally, he heard of out of touch with great worlel move- something called foreign missions, ments, and their piety is a back- and he determined to try it on his woods product. The facts of mis- congregation. He declares that it sions must somehow be gotten into worked like magic. Lamentations the minds and hearts and prayers of ceased, trials and tribulations were the people if the remedy is to have a forgotten, until at last, instead of his chance to effect a cure. Mission- having to comfort his p,eople, they study classes must be organized. A began tl) comfort him. circulating missionary library must Any pastor who really tries the be gotten under way. Missionary missionary cure on a sick church will literature must be gotten into the find that it works. It takes the homes of the people. There are church's mind off itself. It substi- many ways of doing it, but it tutes hope and expectation for intro- 111USt be done. There must be a defi- spection. It sets the machinery of nite anel persistent missionary pro- the church to its legitimate work in pagandum. The pastor and church- producing spiritual results, and so officers must promote this. In doing saves it from grindillg in on itself. so, they will find that they are im- 1t employs the energies of the church proving their own equipment, for in a sane and Scriptural way, and so they will become themselves the bene- prevents fatty degeneration of the ec- ficiaries of their campaign.

clesiastical tissues. It is not enough to exhort a sick The Church of Christ was built for man to be sound, neither will it go a world task. It has a world message far to exhort a sick church to mis- and world resources. It confronts sionary enthusiasm. A fire must world need. It is summoned both have fuel, and "facts are the fuel from heaven and earth by a world that feed the fires of missionary call. It preaches a world Savior. zea1."

For it to retire into anything less The brain of the church must be than a world career is, therefore, its packed with missionary ideas, if the supreme peril. blood is to be enriched with mis- The Treatment Administered sionary corpuscles. The heart must be charged with missionary convic- How is the remedy which is to ef- tions, if the energies are to be oc- fect the cure to be administered? cupied in missionary activities. It is

DIET FOR A SICK CHURCH

well-nigh a waste of time to take a is a citizen of the world at large, and collectiDn for missions in a church he can not keep internationalism out where the people are ignorant of the of his message. Let him be convinced progress of Christ's Kingdom in mis- that the Bible is a missionary book, sion fields; or to preach a sermon the church a missionary society, on missions to a church whose keen- Christianity a missionary religion, est interest is pew-rents. and himself a missionary messenger, and it will be impossible for him to The start of this educational work preach without his people feeling the may beajittle hard, but as the peo- tug of the ends of the earth. ple begin~9 learn,· their interest will develop rapidly. There is no more One thing more remains, if a fascinating story than this of modern thorougil and permanent cure is to llllSSlOns. God's greatest miracles he effected. First, a prescriptionare these ijeis working under our the facts of missions; second, sanivery ey,es,Qutthere are still eyes tary conditions-a missionary atmos- phere; and third, exercise-missiotlthat ate 'l~Jden so that they do not ary activities.

see. The gifts and energies of the Dr. Egbert Watson Smith, one of church must be enlisted in the main- tenance of missionary· work. .This the Foreign Mission secretaries of should be done in a systematic way. the Southern Presbyterian Church, Churches, or groups of individuals has culled from his recent mail state- or individuals, should be encouraged ments of missionaries, showing the to assume definite missionary obliga- tions. The support of missionaries, progress of the york in their re- or shares in a mission station, or the care of an entire station, may be unspective _ fields. Each statement is dertaken. Anything is good that gets from 11 different source, and repre- the church into action, and keeps it sents ·a distinct phase of the work. in action doing the right thing.

It is not possible for a Christian to Information without activities may come face to fa~e with such facts as be as disastrous to a church as feedthese statements reveal, and remain ing without exercise to an individual. indifferent. The missionary treatment for a sick chUl:ch has a gymnasium as well as Sanitary conditions are aJso need- a breakfast-room. It has a program eel. Sunshine and good air fight dis- of work as well as a schedule of ease. A sick church must be given study. If both are followed, we may the right atmosphere. A Christian count on a complete recovery. church should live and move and have its being in a missionary atmos- Therefore, foreign· missions is as phere. The preacher must create essential to the Christian as it is to this. He can do something in this the non-Christian world. It is as direction by occasional sermons on much the salvation of the church at foreign missions, but he can do far home as it is the hope of lands whose more by giving to all his sermons and torch is still unlit. prayers the missionary outlook. It is not always necessary to say the words. The attitude is the main thing. Let the preacher feel that he

AN ILLUSTRATED MISSIONARY SERMON IN AFRICA The contrast between heathen and Christian Zulus at a church in Umvote, South Africa

Science and

of Missionary f>reaching* BY REV. CORNELIUS H. PATTON, D.D., BOSTON, MASS. Secretary of the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign :~l'rIissions ~~~~~VERY morning, when to imagine themselves to be law- I go into Boston on a yers presenting their case, marshaling train of about ten their facts gathered from all over the coaches, all filled with world, and determined to convince men, I see every last the jury." man buried behind a It is a psychological fact that men newspaper. That extraordinary spec- are more convinced by fads than by tacle can not be duplicated in any arguments. They certainly are not other country than America. What convinced by arguments unsupported is the motive behind this universal by facts. When you try to convince newspaper reading? It can be noth- a man who is indifferent or opposed, ing else than a craving for a knowl- it is natural for him to try to combat edge of the facts of the world. In your views. But when you give him missionary addresses we should con- interesting and compelling informanect with that motive and recognize tion, he finds himself in an attitude the importance of presenting mis- of sympathetic attention. We have sionary facts. come to our greatest convictions, not as a result of some wise man's argu- Mr. ]. Campbell White, General ment, or through some conscious logi- Secretary of the Laymen's Mission- cal process, but from the facing of ary Movement, exprest a penetrat- the realities of life. ing truth on this subject, when he said: "According to my observation, Where did we get our belief 111 the trouble with missionary sermon" God? Did anybody ever argue us is that the ministers are long on ex- intp believing in our Maker? Rather hortation and short on facts." we have lived among His works, and so have been compelled to faith. The American Board has secured Where did we get our love of counthe services of a trained journalist to try? It was not because somebody take charge of the pUblicity work. reasoned that this is the best country She is successful in putting mission- in the world. It was because we ary facts into two hundred news- lived here and became familiar with papers in such form that they are its attractiveness and worth. Did any eager for them. I asked this lady one ever try to prove to us that we what I should say to ministers about should love father and mother, or did missionary preaching. She replied: their gracious presence in the home produce its own effect? "Tell them to forget that they are ministers, to forget that they are It is much the same with missionpreaching sermons, and just for once *From an address .given at the Ministerl'1' Convention. Rochester. New York. December 8, 1914.

ary convictions. We grow into them of making individual converts here by acquaintance with the facts. Dem- and there, but of transforming comonstration is needed more than argu- munities, nations, races. We need to ment. We ministers do not realize impress upon our people that the how strongly we are held by the habit present great industrial, social, and of developing themes, analyzing prin- political movements are favorable to ciples, and expanding texts, and how the rapid extension of Christianity; little use we make of the lawyer's art that governments are urging and aidof marshaling the facts so as to com- ing missions as essential to civilizapel conviction. It is a difficult and tion. While the old-time work of worthy feat to select, arrange, and personal evangelism goes on, as it allaunch a body of useful information ways must, it is performed to-day before a modern audience, so as to against a highly favorable social and win their cooperation-and there is national background. How many nothing more needed in the realm of understand the significance of the 1111SS10ns. great religious movement in the Chi- nese Empire, where a nation of 400,- The Right Kind of Facts 000,000 souls are casting away their old faiths along with their ancient As to the kind of facts that should forms of government and education. be selected for addresses and ser- China as a nation is in the attitude of 1110ns, we ought at first to aim at pre- prospecting for a religion. How senting the larger aspects of mission- many know that in Japan the eduary work. We should deal with cated classes are studying the religwhole countries, sometimes with ious systems of the world, trying to whole races, sometimes with the make up their minds which one they whole world. We stand in a position shall adopt, or whether they shall inof tremendous advantage as com- vent a religion of their own? pared with preachers of one hundred years ago. Then nothing had been Or turn to India: How little most achieved, and there was nothing to people know of the mighty spiritual urge but hope and courage and a movement in that land! They are needy world. Now in the successes still thinking of India in the old of one hundred years, we have a terms, and do not realize that to-day mine of information and of inspira- the problem in India is not so much tion. There are demonstrations of how to make converts as what to do the Gospel's power which our preach- with them after they have been made. ing can ill-afford to miss. People I know of one church in India where can be made to thrill with the reci- converts have been appearing so raptal. idly, so many villages renouncing idolatry, caste, and all the abomina- Moreover, we are living to-day in tions of Hinduism, that the missiona distinctly new era. Few of our ary is throwing up his hands in depeople know this, and we need to in- spair, and saying "How can I handle fqrm them that during the last fif- this crowd?" He has been driven to teen years the situation confronting the conclusion that he must receive foreign missions has changed marked- only one thousand converts a year; ly. It is now no longer a question

AND ART OF MISSIONARY PREACHING 35

others must. go on a wa~ting-list. ing Christ's civilization. America is Have you preachers told your people discovering that she has a world- of these wonderful mass movements message, that by the very genius of in India? If not, your people have our history we are a missionary na- some big news coming to them. tion. Can we conceive of a higher A Reasonable Attention to Detail destiny for any people than to be brou:;nt to the front at such a time But we need particularization as as this? Let us strike this higher well as generalization. Against the patriotic note; let us show how the broad background should be sketched religious and patriotic motives com- certain definite pictures of mission bine to enforce the missionary ap- work-the story of an individual con- peal. I believe that the people in our version or of a peculiar problem con- churches will rise to the new situa- fronting a particular missionary. We tion, that Christian America, during need to see the missionary at his the next decade, is to make herself task. A certain amount of detail is felt in a mighty way in all non- valuable to enforce the more sweep- Christian lands.

ing statements. This is of special im- Our display of facts should also portance when we come to realize the make very prominent the physical, in- wide variety of interests in an au- tellectual) and spiritual needs of the dience. In nearly every congregation non-Christian world. The ignorance some are interested in geography, of Christian people as to fu'ndamental others care for statistics. Women conditions in heathen lands is amaz- are much more interested in details ing. Consider the facts that nineteen than are the men. The women know hundred years after Christ more than the names and location of many of one-half of the earth's popUlation the missionaries, and like to hear have no medical attendance or re- these names mentioned and to have lief! In Boston there is a thoroughly illustrations drawn from their work. trained physician for every three We should keep these personal in- hundred of the popUlation, and there terests in mind as important factors is a bewildering array of hospitals and in missionary sermons. other institutions for the poor. There Timeliness in Missionary Preaching are so many hospitals in some of our American cities that they compete Whenever possible we should con- one with another in securing accident nect our addresses with current cases. In China, on the other hand, events. Missions are recognized as are areas where there is but one doc- part of the great world movement, tor to three million people; one mil- and nearly every piece of foreign 'lion people as an exclusive field is news has its missionary significance. quite the usual thing. People should To-day Americans are realizing that know this. They should know that God has a great purpose in bestow- nineteen hundred years after Christ ing such prosperity upon this land, gave the Great Command there are that he is summoning America to a millions and millions who have never position of leadership in making heard of Christ; that there are vast Christianity known, and in establish- areas where it is literally news to

state that God loves mankind. Such as the afternoon edition was being facts are their own argument. given out, I saw the sidewalks blocked with a crowd of men, possi- The Use of Modern Biographies bly one thousand in number. As the newsboys came running out, I saw I have rarely heard Mr. Speer de- those men rushing after the. boys and liver an address when he did not re- buying the papers in feverish haste. fer to four or five missionary lives Wondering what great event had that he had been studying. It makes happened, I joined the throng, and the whole presentation human, aglow looked over some of the men's shoulwith warmth and fe~ling, when we ders as they read. Then I saw they connect principles and events with were not looking for news; they were actual men and women. I recommend looking for work. The only part of not only the classical missionary biog- the paper which interested them was raphies, but some of the newer ones, the "want" columns. They were melike Horace Tracy Pitkin, Pennell of chanics, carpenters, masons, capable, the Afghan frontier, and the Life of respectable men who had come to the Dr. .Cochran of Persia. These biog- newspaper office in order to get the raphies are full of good material not first chance at any stray job. I said only for missionary preaching but for to the policeman on the beat, "Are all ordinary preaching as well. these men out of work?" He said, "Yes, and many more." I went away Speaking of facts, do not forget with a heavy heart. That scene that you yourself are the biggest haunted me for days, so that I came fact, or at least the biggest factor, in to realize what it meant for thouthe sermon. Entirely apart from all sands to be out of work. the information and instruction we can give, the fact that we believe in The facts had made their deep imthese things heart and soul will pression, but let me give another preach the loudest of all. If the stage in the experience. Upon reachevangelization of the world becomes ing home I told my wife of the the central idea of our ministry, if Chicago scene, and the first thing I we are making our own sacrifices in knew she was wiping tears out of her connection with this work, the peo- eyes, and I knew that her woman's ple will know it and will be in- heart had been stirred as even mine fluenced powerfully by it. had not been. Do you not see what this means?' The preacher is be- The other day I had an experience tween the people and the facts. If of a man's power to transmit an im- he is moved, the people will be moved pression, in a more intense form, by as well. I maintain that the preacher merely describing what he has seen is pretty much the whole thing in this and heard. When I read in the matter of converting the Church to papers that two million men in our I11ISSlons. cities were out of work because of the war, the statement made some- The Beat Missionary Sermon thing of an inJpression upon my mind, but it did not stir me deeply. The finest missionary address I When, however, I was in Chicago ever heard was not by a missionary, and went past a newspaper office' just or a secretary, or a preacher; it was

AND ART OF MISSIONARY PREACHING

by a Zulu chief in Natal. I will give men were quite nude but for a fringe it verbatim, for it has the virtue of of monkey-tails about their waists. brevity, but first I must give the They wore huge head-dresses of background for the speech, in order feathers, and each man carried a that you may realize the impression spear and a shield. They certainly._ it made upon me. A few days after did look wild. And the women! How my arrival in Natal I was conducted can I make you see those women? -by Rev. F. B. Bridgman to Umvoti, Their hair was plastered thick with an out-station. the people had been red clay and grease and hung in waiting several hours for us in the strings to the level of the tip of the big stone church, so that the mission- nose. You could see their eyes peerary took me at once by the back door ing out through these slimy appento the platform. Suddenly I found dages, like French poodles. For demyself looking Qut upon a large au- cency's sake they had thrown a cloth dience of Christian Zulus. I had about their bodies, but had first heard much of the Zulus as being rubbed the cloth in the same red clay more fierce and warlike than any and grease. They were a sight to other tribe, and I knew that they had behold. They were of the earth, caused the British Government no earthy, and looked as if they had end of trouble. In the early days just been created by being pushed up people pointed fingers of scorn at the through the mud. American missionaries, and called them fools for thinking they could While I was wondering at the ever convert a Zulu, so that I was presence of these. people, the Chris- anxious to see the results of the work tian Zulu chief came forward, drest with my own eyes. There before me in a fine. frock coat and all the pan- in that audience was the answer. oply of civilization, even to the neck- There were possibly seven hundred tie pin. He had been delegated to people, the men on one side of the make the address of welcome, and center aisle, the women on the other. had brought in these raw heatnen The men were clothed in full suits of that they might serve as his text. He clothes, with collars and cuffs and oc- was going to show this man from casionally neckties; the women were America a thing or two. Turning to neatly gowned in calico. The whole the heathen men he said in a stern audience suggested prosperity, thrift, voice of command, "Stand up"; and intelligence, and character. up they stood like a row of soldiers. Then he turned to the women and While I was admiring the scene, said, in stentorian tones, "Stand up"; and thinking what a fine demonstra- and up they got. Then came his con- tion it was, my eyes dropt to the vincing lnISSlOnary sermon. He front sea·ts, and there I saw a line of turned to me and said: .the nakedest, dirtiest savages I had met anywhere in Africa. I was "Mfundisi (teacher), take a good amazed, and said to myself: "What look at these people." brought these creatures here? How did they get the courage to come in And I did. I took them all in~ with these well-drest people?" The through more than one of my senses. The chief continued: "These are heathen, as you see,

just like the wild beasts. And, raw heathen just as they are, and M fundisi, we want you to know that could visit our churches and have all of us people (here he swept his these heathen sit in the front pews, arm across the audience in a very and then stand up while you made dramatic way) were once just like this same speech, you would convert that, just like the wild beasts, until every last remaining unbeliever in Mr. and Mrs. Grout came here to foreign missions." live among us. Mfundisi, we want you to know what a great change Such a demonstration is absolute; has come over us Zulus, and we want it is complete; there is not another you to know how grateful we are to word to be said on the subject; it the Board for sending us these stares you in the face; it smites your friends to help us. And, Mfundisi, conscience; it loosens your purse. when you go back to your country over the seas, we want you to tell Does the speech of the Zulu chief your people about this change, and convey any lesson to us? Let our let them know that we are grateful." missionary sermons be' in the nature of demonstrations-a showing of the Then I broke in and said: "Chief, facts, the glorious facts of our constop right there. I want to say that quering Christ. I f we have not seen if I could take you with me to Amer- the facts we can read of them; we ica, and you could take this row of can become possest by them; we can thrill our people by their recital.

THE CHURCH AND THE WAR We hope that this war situation will recall the Church to the sacrificial principle of missions. The Church as a whole has never done anything sacrificial. Individual Christians have followed Christ, but the Church, as Duff said, has played with missions. An average of a few dimes a year from each member has represented the measure of her missionary giving, and now there are some who doubt whether the Church can continue to do even this. . . . What warrant have we, in a time of distress, for making Christ and His cause suffer first? The war which now shadows the world, and the sacrifices which are willingly made in it, should shame our timidity and our tame trifling with duty, and caU us to deal with life as a reality, and with the work of Christ in the world as worth more devotion than national honor or commercial advantage or racial pride. Every soldier dying for his country on a European battlefield, every home giving up its blood and tears, is a summons and a reproach to us men and women who have accepted the Christ of the Cross but not the Cross of the Christ. If they have counted their cause above their lives and their every po~session, why not we? What they freely yield to their lords of war and death, shan not Christians give with joy to their Lord of Life and Peace ?-ROBERT E. SPEER.

A Kansas "Cruse of Ointment"

THE STORY OF A GIFT TO THE LEPERS BY WILLIAM M. DANNER, CAMBRIDGE,. MASS. Secretary of the American Committee of the Mission to i:-epers IFE and I are about to and I determined to look up our gen- IWI sell our farm, and erous friends. ~ want to help your Imagine my surprize, on reaching work. If you will send . the town, to learn that the Methodist us your correct ad- minister had never heard of Mr. and . – dress, we would like Mrs. P. D—-. Inquiry among to make a gift to your Society for the several members of his 'church Lepers. brought no more enlightenment. We Thus ran a letter that was received called on the Dean of the Mennonite a few years ago at the Edinburgh College, and after four fruitless tele- office of the Mission to Lepers. It phone calls on people who knew a was postmarked at a small town in number of D–'s, but no P. D–, Kansas, U. S. A., and came from a the fifth man gave us the desired in- farmer with a German name. The formation. Following his directions Secretary forwarded the desired in- I walked, with the Methodist minister formation, expecting that a few dol- and the Dean of the College, to the lars might come from some one edge of the village, and there stopt whose heart had been touched by the in front of a small frame cottage.

lepers' needs. Noone connected with It was a very modest little four- the mission had ever heard of the roomed house that could not have farmer or his wife; but a surprize cost more than $700. The blinds were awaited them, for not long after a drawn, but the Dean knocked at the check came for $7,500, and the check door. After repeated knocks, the was genuine. Every year since there door was opened by a pleasant-faced have come added gifts of $100 or old German, with hair and beard $200 prompted by the same generous as white as snow. He stood in the impulse and sympathy for the work. doorway, greeting us with a pleasant A request came to me from the smile, and awaited a statement as to Edinburgh office, asking that when our mISSIOn.

convenient I would call on the Kan- The Dean explained to him in Ger- sas farmer and his wife and tell them man that we came from the Mission a little more of the work, and ex- to Lepers. Immediately the door press appreciation for their generous was pushed wide open, and without support. Last year an opportunity having spoken a word he smilingly came during a tour through the South· pointed toward the kitchen. As I.

and West. Arrangements were made passed. through the front room I with the Methodist minister of the made a quick inventory of the furni- little Kansas town for me to speak ture. Luxury was evidently a stran- in his church on a Sunday evening, ger to that home, and there was not

even any intimation of comfort. If make this plain to the old lady, who the furniture had been offered at received the expressions of gratitude auction the first bid would have been with apparent indifference. The husabout 25 cents for the' lot. band smiled and nodded, meanwhile, to show that he quite understood When we reached the, kitchen we everything. After the wife had said a found the wife, a plainly clad little few words to him, and had received German woman, whose hands and another nod of approval, she turned face gave evidence of years of sturdy to the interpreter and in a few words toil. On her neck was an unsightly quickly spoken in German, with apswelling, perhaps a goiter, which parent indifference, ended all that caused her head to lean over on her she seemed to wish to say. Then, shoulder. The marks of patient suf- resting her face on her hand, she fering were plainly visible. On being looked down at the floor, as if to say, introduced to us she shook hands, "Do not bother me any more with the and in the process we made practical subject." Her words were uttered so acquaintance with the "horny hands brusquely that I almost feared that of toil." She skirmished through the they were in some way displeased by three other rooms of the cottage and my message. Then the interpreter managed to find five straight-backed turned and translated to me, "Mr. kitchen chairs of the plainest type. Danner must not come here to thank On these the three guests and the us for what we have done. It was two old people sat down for the in- God who put it in our hearts to help terview that followed. I could only the lepers. Go and thank Him, for gaze in wonder as I thought of the all the glory belongs to Him. We thousands of dollars that these two have been very glad to help the old people had given to help the work." lepers. In a few moments we learned that the husband had been paralyzed There was nothing more to be said. in speech some years before, and The fine old couple, like Mary of could not speak a word. From his old, sought no further recognition of cheerful smile and nods of approval, the costly gifts they had made to however, it was clearly evident that their Lord. he was in' hearty sympathy with all that had been done. Finally, after we had knelt in prayer, and the Dean of the College After we had exchanged friendly had led audibly, the interview closed. greetings and had engaged in a bit In clasping hands as we said "Goodof general conversation, I asked our by," we could only think of these interpreter to express as fully and two aged and infirm Christians as strongly 'as possible the appreciation true disciples who were ,meeting the of the officers of the ~ociety for the test. of love by seeking not their own generous support they had given to welfare but the comfort and salvathe lepers' work, and to assure them tion of their less fortunate brothers that the lepers also were deeply and sisters. "Inasmuch as ye have grateful for the help they had re- done it unto one of the least of these ceived. my brethren ye have done it unto Me." The interpreter took some time to

A CAMEL CORPS OF SOLDTERS IN OMAN

War and Missions In the Persian Gulf* BY REV. EDWJN E. CALVERLEY, KUWElT, .I{:HlA 1iissionary of the Reformed Church in America HE mission stations in reality maintained by British troops from India.. The whole province of mT Arabia are far apart Oman has been in revolt for three and, except those 111 years, chiefly because the Eritish Gov- Turkish Arabia, are ernment has been insisting that the under different native gun traffic cease, This traffic has governments, with the been a source of much profit, both to British superintending tJ-reir foreign the Sultan and to the Arabs of Oman, relations. who could buy guns in Muskat and sell them at a high price to Persians At Muskat, where five missionaries and others. They would then be are carrying on evangelistic and medi- smuggled across the Gulf through cal work, the government consists of Persia and Eeluchistan and sold to a ruler, Sayid Taymur, whose title is the tribes on both sides of the Indian Sultan of Muskat and Oman. Hi~ frontier. The British were ready to actual power extends only over Muskat and its envIrons. and IS 111 * Missionary work in the Persian Gu1f is maintained by the Arabian 1-lission of the Reformed Church in America and by the Turkish-Arabia Mission of the Church Missionary Society. The former has stations on the western side of the Gulf at Muskat, Bahrein, Kuweit, and Busrah~ 1;he British Turkish-Arabia J1i~siol1 is at Bagdad. with an out-statton at Mosul. On the eastern side of the Gulf there are no mission stations, and] ,200 miles of Persian coast still await missionary occupation_-E_ E. C.

A MISSIONARY CLINIC AT KUWEIT, ON THE PERSIAN GULF recompense the Sultan of Muscat to the Sultan. These towns were for the loss of the trade, but only threatened by such a large body of after pressure was brought to bear rebels that the British increased their did he agree to second their endeav- original contingent of 200 Sepoys to ors to stop the traffic at its base. The 700, and drew a cordon around the merchants and others whose risky but two towns for their protection. This profitable livelihood was interfered indicates that the revolt has proved with, consequently broke away from of more than ordinary importance. their allegiance to the Sultan, and refused to pay their regular tribute. In January the Arabs descended upon the towns, and were only driven The association of the Sultan with {lff after 500 of their number had the British allowed the rebels to give been killed. The missionaries, whose a religious character to their up- homes are outside the city walls, rerising, and they chose an Imam, or moved to the British Consulate durleader, who preached a jehad, or re- ing the attack, and so were safe. ligious warfare. This Imam played upon the prejudices and superstitions The British officials claim that the of the people, an.d even pr:omised to revolt has been maintained by German turn the projectiles of the English interests, and report that they have weapons into water, so that they discovered a German merchant at could harm no one. Town after Bahrein who has been supplying the town joined in the revolt, until only rebels with funds for a Moslem up- Muskat and Matrah remained loyal rising.

Missionary work could not be ex-

AND MISSIONS IN THE PERSIAN GULF

pected to flourish in the conditions preaching services. The work among described. Only the medical mis- the women has been especially ensionary was able to do any touring. couraging. The out-station at N akhl, in the heart of Oman, has been unvisited The Bahrein doctor has also made for some time. In Muskat the un- a very successful tour to Katif, on settled state of affairs has had an un- the mainland, in a region that until favorable effect ,on both school and two years ago was under Turkish Bible-shop work, but the dispensaries authority, and practically closed to at Muskat and Matrah are kept busy. all Westerners. Since Abd el Aziz bin Saud, the Emir of Central Ara- Bahrein, the famous pearling cen- bia, took the province of EI Hassa, it ter, has felt the influence of the Euru- is being opened by persistent and pean war less than the other stations tactful efforts. There is every prosin the Gulf. The people receive their pect that the province can be occupied information about the war chiefly as soon as the mission can secure the from Indian and Egyptian sources, necessary workers. which are mainly pro-British, so that there has been little interference with Vhen the European war broke out, missionary work. The hospital has Kuweit was a subject of. much negobeen full, and the patients and others tiation between London, Constantihave provided large audiences for the nople, and Berlin, since it has often been mentioned as a terminus of the A SCENE IN THE KUWEIT BIBLE SHOP, ARABIA

Bagdad Railway. As the sources of she sent an envoy to the Emir to senews in Kuweit have been Turkish cure the assistance of his wild Bethere has, been considerable sympathy douin against the British, but the with the Germans. But the ruler, Emir had already sent to ask the Sheikh Mubarak, whose title is now British how he could be of assistance Sultan of Kuweit, is thoroughly pro- to them.• British, and recently gave over $15,000 to, the Red Cross Ambulance Na missionary work has yet been Society. He is so strong in his rule, done in Central Arabia, but it is bethat nothing hostile to the Allies was lieved that the time is at hand when ever done. missionaries may enter there.

The absence of hostility toward the The chief activity in the Persian British, who are the chief foreigners Gulf is pearl-fishing, and when thc of the Gulf, helps the missionaries, war started the market for pearls since peace and good will favor their closed. Many of those engaged in activities. the business continued their opera- tions, but they only sank more of Busrah is the mission that has suf- their capital in what yielded little or nothing. Around Busrah the Turkferedmost fron1 the war; but it has ish mobilization also prevented the full harvesting of the dates and had less to endure than some other brought financial hardship to many. missions in Turkey and in Persia. The situation in the Gulf is so se- The missionaries were not compelled rious that the British Government to leave their station, altho there were prepared to undertake relief measanxious times when they wondered ures for the needy, and the missionwhether it would not be wiser to aries have also increased their methleave. Before Turkey entered the ods of service. war the authorities started to mobilizetroops and to requisition coal and After the Turks took over the postother supplies belonging to their own office at Busrah, the missionaries subjects and to foreigners. The were unable to receive their usual re- British consul ordered all British mittances and found themselves in shipping to mOve to Persian waters straitened circumstances, and funds at'l1uhammarah, and when the Turks were only procured for them by cable announced that they were going to through the American consulate at take over the British post-office the Bagdad. British ceased their mail service to Busrah. Later, all the British who In spite of difficulties the missioncould left for Muhammarah, and aries met in Muskat and celebrated when war was finally declared the the twenty-fifth anniversary of the four American missionaries joined founding of the Arabian Mission. the Turkish Red Crescent Society. They exprest the belief that never before were the prospects for their The southern portion of Central work among the Moslems of Arabia Arabia, under Emir Abdul Aziz, was so encouraging, and asked for six formerly occupied by Turkish troops, new ~issionaries and increased funds but has for some years been adminis- to meet their growing responsibilities tered by the Emir for Constantinople. and opportunities. When Turkey joined in the conflict,

Be Interested In Missions?"t

BY MR. GEORGE INNES, PHILADELPHIA, PA. Honorary Secretary of the Cairo University ..-.–.,……,….–~ HERE are six reasons view. But one can' not go into the that I would like to heathen lands and come to any such mention, briefly, among conclusions by any human process.

the many that could The very apparent hopelessness of be given, why one the thing shows that we must be would choose to be identified with a supernatural task.

directly and deeply interested in mis- Another reason is the externe dan- SIons. gers of the task. .It is hazardous to The first is that missions offer to life; it is hazardous to one's family; one the greatest opportunity pre- it is hazardous to one's mind. But sented by any line of work for life. every undertaking is dangerous. The I do not think there is any enterprise man in business is in constant dan- in which a human being could en- ger. He is held in the constant grip gage that is capable of taking a of the nightmare that he may fail, man's talents and gifts and of ex- that some day the thing may take a panding them as far as missionary turn and slip away. The fear is not work. merely that he will lose money; but The second reason is that missions that his life will be a failLlre.

present the greatest difficulties of any In this missionary enterprise, we enterprise, and so make one who is have a guaranty that it will be dan- able to endure them, more rugged gerous from the start. When a man than he otherwise would be. The goes away to war, he knows that the tremendous difficulties themselves chances are that' he will lose his life.

give a charm to the worK. But to find a' man wounded in the The third reason is the hopeless- trenches is very different from find- ness of the task. A few years ago I ing a man wounded in his office. No traveled from mission field to mis- explanation is necessary from the sion field, marveling that anyone had trenches, but an explanation may be any hope of success, because I could necessary in the ordinary walks of see no good evidence that those lands life. If you lose your money' for would ever become Christian. When the glory of your country you are I spoke of this to a missionary who in a different position than if you had spent sixty years in China, he lose it in the 'wheat-pit. Therefore, answered: "It is true that, humanly the very hazard of the missionary speaking, there is no hope." There business is one of the greatest rea- are other Christian enterprises that sons why one is eager to undertake it.

seem to hold out reasonable expec- A fifth reason is that it constitutes tations of success, for the human· the most hopeful instrument for lift- mind can see how to attain the end in ing one abo~e self, of submerging * From an address at the meeting of the American Christian Literature Society fOor Mo~le~s, January 29th, in the home of Mr. and Mrs. E. E. Olcott, New York.

ambition. Napoleon was a great man I -or what might be called "neargreat." He failed of being a great I was coming up to see them. I did man because he could not rise above not care very much about seeing himself. He was not engaged in a him, for when he lived with us in big enough enterprise, or he might Iowa, when I was a boy, he was have succeeded. The missionary task such an austere man that the recolpractically guarantees that a man lection did not bring much pleasure to will rise above selfish ambition. 1 do my mind. But I went up there, and not believe that a life spent con- found that he lived about six miles tinuously in the missionary enterprise out from the little town. With my in a heathen land can fail to accom- little boy I drove out there, and plish it. One can not engage in the finally stopt at the door of a little missionary enterprise without having .stone farm house. We rapped at the conditions come up from time to door, and my father's cousin greeted time that make. one say: "I will give me. Then we went in and sat down everything to have this go." 1 do together; but there was not much not mean it is always the wisest fellowship. When we had gathered thing to dispossess one's self of all corn together in Iowa for six weeks he has. As a matter of fact, it sel- he spoke to me only twice during dom is; but it is a mighty achieve- that time–and then he scolded me. ment to be willing to do it. That little old Scotch house had probably not changed much in gener- The sixth reason that 1 would give ations. There were only two rooms, is that the task, being so difficult and one at one end of the house was so hazardous, means that you must called the "butt," the other room at live a life with Christ. You must the other end was called the "ben." pray or ,you will, give up the work. There were great flagstones for the Without Him you can not achieve floor, and there was a large, open anything. If a man has really given fireplace in which they had burned his heart to Christ, and is convinced peat until the creosote hung down that there is an enterprise that re- like stalactites. It was a cold day in quires that he be a man of prayer, I th.e latter part of December, and there think that he must ultimately under- was only a little piece of peat about take it. the size of a potato smoking in the fireplace. My father's cousin said, What do I mean by that? There "Come up to the fire and get warm." are men in all classes who pray. There was just about enough fire Some men who are not Christians to make you hot by provoking you to pray, and nearly all Christians pray anger. at times. But I mean more than that. Some years ago when I was in He said, "I am glad you came out." Scotland, my parents' native land, I "Yes, I am glad I came out," I restoptfor a time in Glasgow, my plied-and I was, because I could go mother's birthplace. While there I home and say that I had seen my wrote to the only relative of my father's relative-but I might also father whom I knew, who lived up have said, "I will be glad when I in the Highlands, and told him that can go away." "Well, can't you stay? Why didn't

BE INTERESTED IN MISSIONS?

you bring your wife out? Where is had gone down into their treasures, she?" and gathered up all the heirlooms of generations to decorate that table. "Oh," I replied, "she is at the vil- We sat there all the afte;noon, and lage, but it is cold and we have a they brought the old Bible and we little child that it would not do to prayed together. Then when they bring. Besides, we have not very said, "We do wish your wife had much time. We go to Egypt pretty come," I said, "I really wish so, too; soon." It was ten days before we and perhaps she may, for in the had to sail, but I did not say any- livery where I hired the trap to-day thing about that. I noticed a closed carriage."

We talked on for a while until The next day my wife and I drove the men came in from the fields. The out, and sat there all day long talkwife got a big pot of potatoes and a ing over relationships of the family. pot of kale, and the men took their We rehearsed all the choice stories of great horn spoons and went to eating. the family, about those who were far They did not even invite us to sit away and those who had passed down with them. "Well," I said to beyond. We spent one of the most myself, "this is hospitality." But by delightful days of my whole life. and by the food was cleared away. The wife and her husband had not Now, you and I, in the ordinary eaten. forms ?f Christian work, have come into relationship with Christ, and we After the men had returned to the want to go away into the inner chamfield, they said, "Weel, Gordie, come ber and spend our days and nights awa this wie," and they led us with Him. We must have this felthrough a door into a room at the lowship of the inner chamber with other end of the house. There they Christ normally every day. Of all had prepared a meal that I did. not enterprises I know, missionary work know anything about. There was a is most likely to bring us into this stove in this room, and it was warm. intimate relationship with our Lord. There was linen on the table. They CHOOSE YE THIS DAY Three little words set forth the way "I can"-1:his is the word of faith, Which leads to Zion Hill, With eyes on Jesus' fa1:e, And form three steps from earth to Sure that when duty says "thou shalt," heaven- God gives the needed grace.

HI ought," "I can," HI will."

"I ought"-'tis here that conscience "I will"-mark now the word of choice speaks- Which angels wait to hear; God's voice within the heart- For a willing God meets a willing soul, Points out the right, detects the wrong, And brings salvation near.

And shows where pathways part.

"Choose then this day whom ye will serve," OUf Leader summons still; Let each young voice make glad re- sponse- "I ought," "I can," "I will."

-Life and Work.

Were the Apostles?*

A MISSIONARY BIBLE-READING ' BY MR. GEORGE J. WILLIAMS fJT HE word "missionary" is aries," provide illustrations of the ways the Latin equivalent for in which this message was first de- 'the Greek "apostle," both words denoting "one livered·t who is sent." If we sub- A very illuminating reading of the New Testament follows the substitution stitute the word "mis- of the word "missionary" for "apostle,"

sionary" for "apostle" wherever it is as is seen in the following passages: used in the Gospels and Epistles, what a "When it was day, He called unto Him different meaning would be brought out His disciples, and of them He chose in some familiar passages. For example, twelve, whom also he named mission- if we read: "He chose twelve whom He wries."

na.med missionaries." "Now in the names of the 12 miss.ion- "He sat down and the twelve mission- aries are these: The first, Simon, who is aries with Him." called Peter; and Andrew, his brother; "I am the least of the missionaries James, the son of Zebedee; and John, that am not meet to be called a mission- his brother," etc.

ary." (St. Paul, I Cor. IS :19·) "The missionaries gathered themselves "That ye may be mindful of the com- together unto Jesus, and told Him all mandment of us the missionaries of the things, both what they had done, and Lord and Savior." (2 Peter 3: 2.) what they had taught."

What different associations would "And the missionaries, when they the express'ion "apostolic succession" were returned, told Him all that they had suggest if we read it "missionary suc- done."

cession." It is doubtless true that the "The missionaries. said unto the Lord: meaning of both words is different to- Increase our faith." day from that which they conveyed when "When the hour was come, He sat the original words were first used by the writers of the New Testament, but we down, and the twelve missionaries with believe that the substitution of the word Him." missionary for apostle recalls important truths which have been forgotten, and "It was Mary Magdalene, and Joanna, brings us nearer to a true understanding and Mary the mother o£ James, and of the original expression. At the same other women that were with them, which time it helps to remind us of the high told these things unto the missionaries." apostolic dignity which attaches to the office of every Christian missionary. "They gave forth their lots; and the lot fell upon Matthias; and he was num- The Gospels contain the substance of bered with the eleven missionaries." the message which. the missionary has to deliver to the world, and the Acts of "They continued stedfastly in the missionaries' doctrine and fellowship, and in breaking of bread, and in the Apostles, which might equally well prayers."

be rendered, the "Acts of the Mission- *From Australasian Men and Missions. tSee canon C. H. Robinson's book, "The Mis- sionary Prospect. ,. "With great power gave the mission- "Salute Andronicus and Junia, my aries witness of the resurrection of the kinsmen, and my fellow-prisoners, who Lord Jesus; and great grace was upon are of note among the missionaries." them all." "If I be not a missionary unto others, "They laid them down at the mission- yet doubtless I am to you; for the seal aries' feet; and distribution was made of my missionaryship are ye in the unto every man according as he had Lord." need." "Paul, a missionary of Jesus Christ by "Having land, sold it, and brought the the will of God, and Timothy, our money, and laid it at the missionaries' brother, unto the church of God, which feet." is at Corinth, with all the saints which are in all Achaia." "By the hands of the' missionaries were many signs and wonders wrought "Truly the signs of a miss.ionary were among the people; and they were all wrought among you in all patience, in with one accord in Solomon's porch." signs, and wonders, and mighty deeds."

"Then Peter and the other mission- "But other of the missionaries saw I aries answered and said, We ought to none, save James, the Lord's brother." obey God rather than men." "And are built upon the foundation of "Now when the missionaries, which the missionaries and prophets, Jesus were at Jerusalem heard that Samaria Christ Himself being the chief cornerhad received the word of God, they sent stone." unto them Peter and John." "Which in other ages was not made "When Simon saw that through lay- known unto the sons of men, as it is now ing on of the missionaries' hands the revealed unto His holy missionaries and Holy Ghost was given, he offered them prophets by the Spirit." money." "He gave some missionaries, and some "The missionaries and brethren that prophets, and some evangelists, and were in Judea heard that the Gentiles some pastors and teachers." had also received the .word of God." "Whereunto I am ordained a preacher, "But the multitude of the city was and a missionary (I speak the truth in divided; and part held with the Jews, Christ, and lie not); a teacher of the and part with the missionaries." Gentiles in faith and "Verity."

"When they were come to Jerusalem, "VThereunto I am appointed a preachthey were received of the church, and er, and a missionary, and a teacher of of the missionaries and elders, and they the Gentiles." declared all things that God had done with them." The temptation is to pass by such familiar Scriptural references without "Then pleased it the missionaries and special thought, but if the above paselders, with the whole church, to send sages are carefully read and thought chosen men of their own company to about the accumulated effect is consider- Antioch with Paul and Barnabas, namely, Judas, surnamed Barabbas, and Silas, able. chief men among the brethren." A careful consirleration of these "And as they went through the cities, passages, with their significance, will they delivered them the decrees for to greatly deepen the impression that the keep, that were ordained of the mission- New Testament is indeed a book of aries and elders which were at J eru- missionary purpose. ' The above refersalem.", ences alone might well be regarded as supplying a basis for many missionary "Paul, a servant of Jesus Christ, called addresses and sermons. to be a missionary, separated unto the Gospel of God." In Mr. Cuthbert McEvoy's little book, "The Great Embassy," the following

passage emphasizes what has been said: gier, Tanganyika, Fianarantsoa, Be- "The missionary character of the New nares, Peking, Korea, Labrador. That is the significance of the familiar names Testament is very evident. As we rap- at the top of the pages of our New idly turn the leaves of this little book Testament. A cursory glance convinces there flits before our eyes a summary us that here has been a great sending." of the political and commercial geography of the ancient world. We catch The real Magna Charta of the missight of such names as Romans, Corin- sionary enterprise is the entire truth set thians, Galatians, Ephesians, .Philip- forth in the New Testament. Properly pians, Colossians, Thessalonians-names speaking, nothing in Christianity can be that carry us half-way round the Medi- understood until it is universally interterranean. ilfhen we think of the se- preted. In the interpretation of Chriscluded corner of Judea to which these tianity we have to admit that redempnames are related, and the short space tion is still the light of all our seeing, of time in wliich communication has and to fail to understand the redemptive been set up, we understand at once that purpose of the Gospel is to fail to unthere has been a great outspreading. Let derstand its heart. Hence there can be the full thrill of these names come home no understanding of Christ as Redeemer to us. If we make allowance for the unless He be universally interpreted, increa,sed facilities of travel, it is as if and unless the Church regards itself as we took London as our starting-point, the missionary sent by Christ into all and spoke of places as far apart as Tan- the world.

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….. .-,.c0IoJ.a…1….l.O….'.JI.1I.,'G…,……………. ··-~.:e."';i'~~3 ii:i:…~bo!:.:;::.~ ~(~"i!' ……… -:–::::…_;":1;; THE FIELD IS THE WORLD -1,000 Wall Maps of Canada and the World, 31 feet wide by 51 feet the Missionary Bulletin. Special' Club I'lltes for the Missionary long, value SI,250.oo, will be given to the first" thousand Sunday Bulletin and other Missionary Ut-erature and for Lanterns and ~ools and Ep~Orth Leagues that co-operate in obtaining and using Lantern Slides are offered to aU who take part in the LIVING LINK ~issionary equipment. Every Church needs Maps and up.to-date CAMPAIGN. Litera~re to provide information regarding the developments which ~ taking place in our Mission Fields. The Missionaries. whose Registration Card.. plana IlDd explanations have bew seat to tIM Pastors, Ibe Sunday School Superintendents and the Epworth LeaQue Presidents. For further PictUres are on the reverse side of this sheet, write interestinQ,letters about our work in China, llipaD and Canada, which are published in Iin~t_O~l'.lDEI£I-ti=on-,-a.d=d=teIU:~1F.:Ci.oS~TeEDPtH,ENMSeOthNo,diSstecMreitsasrioyn, Young People'. For- Rooms, TORONTO.

A POSTER, 34 X 28 INCHES, PRINTED IN RED AND BLACK BY THE CANADIAN METHODISTS

Magyars In Hungary and

America* BY REV. CHARLES E. SCHAEFFER, D.D., PHILADELPHIA, PA. General Secretary of the Board of Home Missions of the Reformed Church in the United States mT HERE are about 20,000,-" ably more than any other of our immi- 000 inhabitants of Hun- grant races, the Magyars injure them- . gary, of whom some selves· by overwork. They are a wine- 9,000,000, or nearly one- and beer-drinking people, and the saloon half, are Magyars. These plays a very prominent part in their so- people are of Asiatic cial life. Their beneficiary societies usually meet in the saloons, and the origin, and are unrelated to any other saloon-keepers are the leaders among them. Many live in boarding-houses, European nation with the possible excep- and their offenses against chastity are frequent. Their illiteracy, however, is tion of the Finns. only 11.4 per cent., and makes a better showing than that of any immigrants About twenty-five years ago immigra- from Eastern or Southern Europe, ex- cept the Finns. They are clannish, and tion from Hungary to America began do not learn the English language as rapidly as some other foreign nationalias a result of political and economic ties. An amazingly small proportion be- come citizens. The Immigration Comconditions, and recently 40,000 have mission states that 27 per cent. become American citizens. Fifty per cent. of come annually. In the year 1900, the those identified with American Protes- tant churches' become citizens. immigration from Austria-Hungary was The Magyars furnish relatively a next to the smallest, but in 19IO it stood larger percentage of Protestants than any other class of the new immigrants, third on the list. The male element and, taken as a whole, they constitute the largest group of all the Reformed or greatly predominates, for fully So per Presbyterian family. At home they are regarded as pious and God-fearing, obcent. leave their families in the old coun- serving Sundays, and old and young at- tend church. try. Nearly 50 per cent. of those who The Hungarian Government employs give Hungary as their native land speak in America 22 ministers, who serve 25 congregations, reporting r6,000 memthe Magyar language, and most of them bers, who came to communion during the year. settle in the middle Atlantic and North The National Church expends about Central States. $r5,000 annually for the support of this work, and every congregation that joins In Europe the Magyars have been principally engaged in the cultivation of small farms. They live in villages, and go to their farms daily. In America, however, they generally' go into the mines and factories. Four-fifths of them are in the' work places of Pennsylvania, New York, Ohio, and New Jersey.

These people earn anywhere from $1.50 to $3.50 a week, and yet they bring more industrial skill than the average Slav, and their earning power is greater than most of the Slavic nationalities. They have a certain race pride which forbids them to become objects of charity un- les's it is an absolute necessity. Prob- *"From a report to the Home Missions Council, January, 1915.

the National Church receives a donation spend some time in Europe to study conof $500. Ministers receive an average ditions among these people. Deaconesses s_alary from the Conventus of from are likewise prepared at a number of $600 to $800, and the two Classical places in this country. Presidents receive an extra compensation of $400 a year. Every congregation The neglected fields among the Hunreceives Hungarian text-books and garians are many. The following places tracts free of charge. Hungarians who are among those that have no Protestant join the Reformed or the Presbyterian work: churches in the United States and owning property in Hungary must continue Hung. Population to pay their church-taxes, whereas members belonging to the National Church Baltimore, Md. . ………….. 1,358 in America are exempt from paying Jersey City, N. J…………… 1,084 their church-taxes in Hungary. Milwaukee, Wis. . …………. 5,571 Minneapolis, Minn. . .. , ……. 1,176 The Reformed Church in the United St. Paul, Minn. . ………….. 1,100 States has 14 congregations, with a mem- San Francisco, Cal. ….. :….. 1,247 bership of about I ,900, and expends Troy, N. Y. ……………… 100 about $8,000 a year in this work. Pres- Rochester, N. Y. …………. 300 byterian Church (North) has 37 con- Procton, N. Y. …………… 300 gregations, with a membership of Binghamton, N. Y…………. 1,769 2,331; the Baptists report 26 congregations, with a membership of 740; the Bayonne, N. J……………. 1,795 .Reformed Church in America, four congregations. Presbyterian Church (South) Since most of the Hungarians who conducts seven missions, and Hun- come to America are identified with some garian Lutherans in America have five Catholic or Protestant church, cooperamissions with 1,700 members. The Mag- tion on the part of the Protestant bodies yars have about twenty-five religious in America is all the more essential and and secular papers in the United States, imperative. Those who are not memone of which has a circulation of 35,000 bers of the Roman Catholic churches copies. They are poorly provided with lean, by historic and national training, church literature, and ought to have to the Reformed faith. The denomitracts, religious pamphlets, temperance national differences and divisions so literature, Bibles, and prayer-books. prevalent in America should not be per- There is no supply of Hungarian Sun- petuated among these people. Immigraday-school lesson-papers, or any exposi- tion Committees should appoint an Advition of the Sunday-school lessons. sory Board or a Permanent Committee, constituted of representatives from the Most of the present workers have constituent bodies now engaged in work been imported from Hungary. Bloom- among these people, which committee field, New Jersey; Dubuque, Iowa; Hei- shall have general supervision of the delberg University, Tiffin, Ohio; Cen- Magyars in America. tral Theological Seminary, Dayton, Ohio; Theological Seminary, Lancaster, With the unification of our divided Pa.; Mt. Airy, Pa.; train and educate work we may be able to build up a strong young men for the work of the ministry Protestant-Hungarian manhood and woamong the Hungarians in America. The manhood in America that will constitute Presbyterian Church has established sev- a valuable asset in the development of eral fellowships, enabling young men to the future political, social, moral, and religious life of America.

Pandita Ramabai at Mukti *

BY MRS. F. P. HORNE, OF THE BOMBAY "GUARDIAN"

I MJUKTI (Salvation), the stores of grain and fresh spices and Christian village found- vegetables for the coming week. Rama- ed by Pandita Ramabai, bai has found it best to pay the trained is one of the most in- women according to their work, and teresting places in India. several hundreds of them are now pur- _ Kedgaon, the railway chasing, and cooking their food. This station, is on the southern section of the arrangement makes them more thrifty Great Indian Peninsula Railway, not far and more capable in the management of from beautiful Poona. their .household affairs.

We were welcomed at the busy little Pandita Ramabai moved about in station by the Christian driver of the white garments with her bag and foun- bullock-wagon, who carried our rugs, tain pen. The village owns her sway, pillows, and other belongings to the ve- and one feels her influence everywhere.

hicle, near which the sleek bullocks were In the evening we had a long talk with quietly chewing the cud. They started her and Manoramabai, seated outside off cheerfully across the uneven, dusty her office, It is here that Ramabai sits roads, past the post-office, and on to -a true Pandita-and proclaims Jesus Mukti, which lies a half-mile distant on to Brahmins and low-castes alike, who the main road. On one side is the Kripa . seek her out because they have heard her Sadan, or Home of Mercy, and near it fame.

is a new hospital, roughly built, but well The row of cottages facing the road suited to the needs of the settlement. forms one of the boundaries' of the set- On the other side of the roadway are tlement. Back of these is a hive of busi- gardens and shady trees, which front a ness and learning. The walls called long row of one-roomed "houses." Sev- "Salvation," with the gates called eral are guest-rooms for the pilgrims "Praise," are now the center of a colony continually arriving at Mukti-Ameri- of rough mud buildi'ngs, with corrugated- cans, Britishers, Canadians, Australians, iron roofs, for the place has widely ex- and Indians. One is the office of Pan- ceeded Ramabai's first plans. In these dita Ramabai, and another is her bed- rooms are other foreign and Indian room; ~ few foreign workers also have workers, and hundreds of girls and wo- rooms in this line. men, who are divided according to age.

As Saturday is a holiday, we were un- The children form one section, the girls able to see the girls and women at their from twelve to sixteen another, and so work, but we saw the fruit of their labors they are graded. Each section has its in piles of books and tracts, stacks of time divided between school work, in- cotton carpets and rugs, and beautiful dustrial work, and domestic work, and drawn-thread work and embroidery. The each section is in charge of a foreign women had been bathing, and most of worker, with Indian matrons as her them' were about their domestic work, helpers. A large number of the elder with their hair loose, to dry it in the sun. girls are now employed in the printing- On Friday evening there is a bazaar, for press; for a few years ago Ramabai on that day the women purchase their placed the office in charge of an Ameri- "From The EvanJielical Christian.

can lady-missionary, who has under her themselves on the floor, while nearby a large staff of girl compositors, girl sits the missionary worker in charge.

machinists, and girl binders. An im- The little ones behave wonderfully well mense amount of good literature is pre- through the long service; if one begins pared in this press, and here is being to fidget, an elder girl moves forward printed Ramabai's version of the New and touches the child on her arm or Testament. The great value of this ver- shoulder, and quietness is again re- sion is the simplicity and charm of its stored. The chief disturbers of the language, which make it "understanded" peace are the babies, who, generally lie on by the simple village folk. The prepara- the floor beside their mothers. Some go tion of the Old Testament is going on. to sleep, some crawl about, while some On the outskirts of the settlement is have to be taken out, who want to share the little hospital where consumptive the attention of the audience with the girls and women are living. The scourge pastor. The church holds about 2,000 "iCl~ consumption is abroad in India, and. persons, and there must have been fully it specially attacks those who have been 1,500 present. The volume of praise and weakened by famine; so that careful prayer that ascended sounded as the watch is kept at Mukti, and when girls noise of many waters, and we thought begin to lose weight, or to suffer from of the great multitude who will stand fever, their work is lessened, and they before the Throne out of every tongue, are given a special diet of milk; while and people, and tribe.

those who are really affected are kept After the sermon, when Bibles were away from the rest in this airy hospital, much in evidence, the Lord's Supper attached to which is a little vegetable was administered, five or six of the garden, in which the patients are en- workers passing the bread and wine to couraged to work. Two lady doctors, the kneeling people. The last group to Drs. Talbot and Roberts, are in charge come for communion were the women of the health department. from the Kripa Sadan, with Miss Bacon Of all the days at Mukti, the Sabbath guiding them. Reverently they knelt, is the best loved, and a spirit of Sabbath and with their kind guardian took the rest and worship seems to hush the soul symbols of their Lord's death. After the on that morning. Quite early in the day prayer and benediction, the assembly the place is astir, and girls and women, dispersed in as orderly a fashion as it with glossy hair and neat jacket and entered.

sari, are seen moving about the great A new development of the work at compound, with Bible and hymn-book in Mukti is its spread to outlying parts.

hand. N ear the hour of service, every Ramabai was asked to open a school for one seems to be making her way to the high-caste women at Gulburga, some church building in long, orderly file. We hundred miles away. Manoramab'ai has entered the building early, and took our secured school-room, dwelling-house, and seats near the platform, whereon was pupils for the workers. Much prayer seated the pastor, Rev. W. W. Bruere. is asked for this new venture. Another He is dearly loved by everyone, for, branch is the settlement of Mr. and Mrs.

having known the work from its com- Escott at a village a few miles from mencement, he has baptized most of the Mukti. But Ramabai's heart yearns over girls and women, and welcomed them the people of the Deccan: for years into the Christian Church. Each de- prayer has been ascending for an out- partment of the great institution knows pouring of God's Spirit upon them, and its place, and moves to it without hurry . Ramabai believes that before long there or delay, the girls and women seating will be a mass-movement toward Christ.

DEI>ADTMENT

OF BEST METHODS CONDUCTED BY BELLE M. BRAIN, COLLEGE HILL, SCHENECTADY, NEW YORK THE SOCIAL SIDE OF THE MISSIONARY MEETING EAJ S the years go by the at a drawing-room meeting in Phila- ~ sOci.al side of missionary delphia; and Men and Missions, the same programs grows more month, printed an important address de- and more prominent, livered at a prominent home in New whether for better or York City. — worse is a question. Great things have been accomplished, On the other hand, many leaders are, especially during the last decade, through we believe, putting too much emphasis social methods. "The luncheons were on the social side, and some are using the great social solvents and recruiting methods which are, to say the least, grounds of the Woman's Jubilee." says out of keeping with such high and holy Mrs. Helen Barret Montgomery. The service. Missionary teas, banquets and same was true of the great campaigns luncheons have a legitimate place in the of the Laymen's Missionary Movement. work, but they should be free from any- In city after city hundreds of men, many thing that may bring contempt upon the of whom cared little for missions, sat cause of Christ. down to break brea4 together and listen to missionary addresses. What About Refreshments? Serving refreshments at all reg- God has also highly honored Christia:n ular meetings of a missionary society is homes placed at his disposal for advanc- a form of missionary bait in almost uniing the cause of missions. Some of the versal use. Many societies apparently most important events in the history of act on the assumption that no one will missIons have taken place ,in private come unless there is something to eat. houses. The Baptist Missionary Society If this is true, we deserve to be called -the forerunner of all our great mod- cake-Christians! ern societies-w,as born in the Widow Wallis' back-parlor; woman's organized It is an encouraging sign that many work for missions had its inception, leaders are beginning to question the both in England and America, in private wisdom of this continual eating. It drawing-rooms; and the Student Volun- costs both time and money, and often teer Movement was the outgrowth of fails to make adequate returns on the meetings held in the back parlor of a investment. The mere serving of refreshreturned missionary in Princeton, N. J. ments will not build a society up, nor will omitting refreshments kill it, The Down to the present time this beauti- Best Methods editor once attended a soful ministry of the drawing-room has ciety that served refreshments, which continued, and large and influential the members ate standing stiffly around homes are being used more and more the room. Then they went home comfor missions. The Spirit of Missions plaining of the lack of sociability, and (March, 1915), told of a $10,000 pledge the meetings grew smaller and smaller. for St. Luke's Hospital, Tokyo, made She knows of other societies that, after doing away with refreshments and de-

pending solely on the drawing power of Besides this, we do not feel that we can Christ and the interest inherent in mis- afford a lunch at each meeting. Weare sions, have grown steadily in sociability by no means a "close" society, as' the as well as in numbers. amount of our thank-offerings and Last year the W oman',s Missionary other contributions show, but we feel Society in Union Presbyterian Church, that the money in ou~ treasury has been in Schenectady, made a test of the mat- given to the Lord and can not be used ter. At the beginning of their new selfishly. Our contingent fund is not year in March, 1914, they decided to large enough to allow us to serve re- try the experiment of going without re- freshments every month.

freshIllents at the regular meetings for I do not mean you to think that we at least a year. At the annual meeting never have "aids to indigestion" at our in February, 1915, it was reported that 'meetings, but we do not make a habit the average attendance had been almost of it. Our suciety meets on the same doubled! night as that of the older women.

THE SOCIAL SIDE IN A YOUNG Whenever either society has a particular- WOMAN'S SOCIETY· ly interesting feature on its program, it invites the other society to join it BY MISS LAURA M. GIBSON, PHILADEL- after the business meeting. On such occasions, when the older women are , PUlA, PA. our guests, we usually serve refresh- ments. Very often, too, on other special In practically every organization of occasions, our Social Committee surpriza religious character the question arises es us with a dainty but inexpensive reconcerning the social side. The Young past, which is the more delightful be-' VToman's Mis'sionary Society is no ex- cause so unexpected. ception; the question might even be considered of more importance here than Our meetings are always rather inelsewhere, as this organization deals formal. . I do not mean that they are altogether with young women. lacking in dignity or in observance of parliamentary rule, but there is no re- Each society must, to a certain degree, straint. Each member feels free to solve this question for itself, taking into give her opinion on any subject brought consideration its own particular mem- up and to take part in any discussion. bership. Our society (the Young Wo- We do not feel that we need to wait man's Missionary Society, Oak Park until a social hour after the meeting United Presbyterian Church, Philadel- to become acquainted. Tho our ages phia) has no social time, if by that term differ, we are all girls bound together is meant the serving of a lunch. But by a common interest, and so sociability it has a decidedly social time if by that or good-fellowship predominates in our is meant good-fellowship. meetings.

We have never formed the custom On the whole, while a social spirit is of eating at our regular meetings and vital in a Young Woman's Missionary we have found that our new members Society, we do not believe that a fixt (we have at least one at almost every social hour is a necessity. meeting) as well as the old ones, are keenly alive and interested without the use of this method of attraction.

We believe that it would be necessary GUEST DAY IN A WOMAN'S for one or more members to miss the SOCIETY last part of the meeting in order to have refreshments ready for the rest of us. It has never been the custom in the Woman's Missionary Society of the * From The Wotnafl'S }"fissionary Magazine, First Presbyterian Church, Springfield, United Presbyterian Church. Ohio, to serve refreshments at all the

OF BEST METHODS

regular meetings. It has, however, been costume of some European country, and a pleasant feature of each year's work who poured coffee and tea. On a raised to have at least four meetings with platform was a smaller table at which special social features. eight little girls, also drest in European costume, were seated. Both the foreign Last year, one of these took the form hostesS'es and the little girls were introof a luncheon served at one o'clock 111 duced to the guests by a member of the the church parlors, to which the members society who occupied a place at the of the missionary societies of the Second speakers' table. The last course (Turkand Third Presbyterian Churches were ish delight) was served by the little girls, also invited. In the year book of the who left their table for the purpose. society this was designated as "Guest Day" and its ostensible purpose was The menu cards were printed and hearing reports from the Dayton Pres- had tiny American flags (these can be byterial Missionary Society, of which bought in the form of stickers) pasted the three societies are auxiliaries. to the upper corners. There were six courses as follows: It proved a delightful affair, bringing the societies in closer fellowship with Russian Zakonska one another and adding to their interest in missions. More than a hundred French Bouillon women sat down at tables made exceedingly attractive with cut glass and Chicken a L'Italienne silver, dainty china and fresh flowers. Macaroni At the close of the repast, reports from the Presbyterial which had Irish Potatoes recently held very profitable sessions in a near-by city, were given in German Salad the form of after-dinner speeches. Presented by able speakers representing American Fruits the three societies, they were listened Swedish Cakes and Coffee to with very keen interest. We can think of no better way of preseriting Russian Tea reports from such gatherings. Turkish Delight AN IMMIGRATION LUNCHEON At the close of the luncheon, the hun- dred or more women present listened Combining a missionary theme with to a stirring address on "Immigration" a church supper or luncheon given under by the Rev. Herman F. Swartz, secretary non-missionary auspices is an unusual of the Congregation Home Missionary thing, but it can be done with great Society. pleasure and profit, as has been proved by the Woman's Guild in a Congrega- The entire affair was planned and cartional Church in New Jersey. It is the ried out by the Guild with the assistance custom in this Guild (an organization of one member of the Missionary Society after the order of the "Ladies' Aid") who helped to secure the costumes. It to give an annual luncheon at 75 cents was a great success, for it served to a plate, to raise funds for church equip- bring the women together, raised the ment. Last year this took the form necessary funds, and being given under of an "Immigration Luncheon" with non-missionary 'auspices induced many many missionary features. women who are not in the habit of at- tending the regular missionary meetings, ,There were eight tableS', each presided to listen to a real missionary address. over by a lady who was drest in the

CARPET RAG SOCIALS board of trade, the press club, or the current events club) to distinguished Social gatherings where sewing or travelers or foreigners from the Orient other work is done for missions are es- who will present in a tactful mann~r pecially good, for they are both the missionary aspect of international profitable and enjoyable. Real work is relationships. This may ~eem imposdone for missions and the sociability sible to accomplish, yet it can be done as and fellowship of the women of the local Mr. Ellis proves by the following conchurch is promoted-far better, as a rule, crete example: than by regular sociables. "This is how a Schenectady pastor did A large amount of work can be ac- it," he says. "He invited a journalistcomplished in this way with comparative- traveler to spend Sunday with him, and ly little effort. A few years ago when to speak Saturday night to the men of Scotia Seminary (a large boarding- the city. Then he went to the Press school for colored girls in North Caro- Club and said: 'Mr. Gadabout is to be lina) was in need of a large number of with me over Sunday; don't you want new rugs, Carlisle Presbyterial Mission- to give him a dinner Saturday night, ary Society, which supports a teacher letting the townsmen buy tickets?' The in this school, undertook to supply them. suggestion was adopted; the dining-room of the largest hotel was engaged and At the fall meeting each of the aux- newspaper men, laymen and preachers iliaries was asked to sew carpet rags all cooperated to make the occasion a for Scotia and pay for the weaving of success. It was the largest and most one or more rugs, three pounds of rags representative banquet Schenectady had and 70 cents in money being needed for ever seen, and the press men were proud each rug. The response was so gener- of themselves. ous that not only were the seventy rugs needed for Scotia provided but thirty- "The traveler-scribe was announced to three additional ones were sent to speak on 'America and thc Orient.' He Haines, another boarding-school for col- told stories, talked practically about ored girls in the South. It proved a pop- American trade in the Far East and ular form of work, and in many societies some of the mistakes American exportthe sewing was done at social meetings ers make. Naturally, he proceeded t:l which proved very enjoyable. the changing needs of the people, their social condition and-since there were no "You haven't an idea how interesting ladies present-their moral state as well, a carpet rag social is until you hold one," and thence inevitably to the religious said The H orne Mission Monthly in com- situation. The greater part of an hour menting on the work. H One society in and a quarter was devoted to a straight Carlisle Presbytery held one at which missionary talk; and when the speaker thirty-five were present. A collection sat down these business men clamored was taken, lemonade and sandwiches for more! There is scarcely a comwere served, and enough 'carpet rag' munity where such a method could not stories told to fill a book." be employed."

MISSIONS AT A PRESS CLUB The Schenectady pastor was the Rev. BANQUET Thornton A. Mills, D.D., who was at that time pastor of Union Presbyterian In his widely used book,. "Men and Church, but is now pastor of the Pres- Missions," William T. Ellis advocates byterian Church at Lake George, N. Y. reaching the uninterested men of a com- Believing that other pastors would be munity by means of dinners given by glad to know how such a miracle as non-missionary organizations (the university club, the commercial club or

5] DEPARTMENT OF BEST METHODS

inducing a Press' Club to give a mis- ebrities as William J. Bryan, who had sionary dinner was worked, we have ask- recently been their guest. In the course ed Doctor Mills to tell how he did it. of the conversation, however, he inci- "At the Men's Missionary Convention dentally remarked that if such members at Philadelphia, in 1908," he says, "I as Senator W– and Superintendent heard five great speakers and felt 'that P– had desired it, he thought the Club Schenectady must hear them too. One might have assented. I took the hint and of them was William T. Ellis and after consulted these men with the result that his speech I. spoke to him about coming. the Press Club invited Ellis to a din- But he laughed at the idea, and said he ner!

had neither time nor strength for it. "It was given at the Edison Hotel on I said we had a multitude of bright men a Saturday night in March, 1908.

in Schenectady who knew little and cared Tickets were sold at $1.25 or $I.50 a less about missions and that he could plate, I am not sure which. I was asked reach them. But he gave me no hope. by the Club to act on the committee of Nevertheless, after writing him repeat- arrangements. The Club had all the edly, he finally said that if we would pay tickets their members would buy for him $50 and expenses he would cut out themselves or guests and then the rest some of his other work and come and were turned over to me.

speak on a Saturday night and once on "I wrote the various pastors that the Sabbath. ,great Ellis who had been sent to the Next I arranged with Doctor Steven- Orient by orte of the Philadelphia dailies son, pastor of the First Presbyterian to make a firsthand study of conditions Church, for a union meeting at his there, was to spend a ~abbath with me, church on a Sabbath evening, the col- and that the Press Club was to give lection at which should be us'ed to defray him a dinner at which he would 'take off expenses. It was agreed that if there the lid' and tell us the naked truth as was a deficit Doctor Stevenson and I to what he had found; that because he should be responsible for it. was my guest I had the privilege of dis- -"Then I called on Mr. H–, presi- posing of a few tickets; that I was dent of the Press Club and an editorial anxious for each pastor to have the writer on the Schenectady Gazette. I told chance to hear him and bring a few of him I had a remarkable newspaper man his most intelligent and enterprising men coming to spend a Sabbath with me, and who were not in sympathy with missions, if the Press Club cared to take advantage as I knew Ellis would have something to of the occasion and give him a dinner, say that might awaken interest in any I would get him to speak for them; but wide-awake mind; that I could put so that I should wish the privilege of in- many (the number varying in accord- viting some outsiders also. But he was ance with the size of the church) in the indifferent; said he had never heard of pastor's hands for disposal; would he Ellis. I laughed at him; told him that please let me know by a certain date if Ellis was probably the most widely read he could use part or all of them at the newspaper man then in the country; price named? Would he also inform me that even his own Gazette printed syndi- if he could use one or two more?

cated letters from him once or twice a "We had arranged with the hotel for week and it was a big chance the Club ISO guests, but we sold 160 tkkets! The could not afford to miss. He finally papers printed all the information I could agreed to submit it to the Club and did give them, 'playing it for all it was so. But the Club declined, saying they worth.' Toward the last we began to only cared to give dinners to such cel- announce that Ellis also had promised

to. speak at a union service at the First of a medical missionary who had spent Presbyterian Church on Sunday eve- seventeen years in China and was mak- ning j but not so much stress was laid ing a visit in the village. The hours upon that, as I relied on the Saturday were from two to five in the afternoon, night speech to fill the church on ·Sun- and women of all denominations were day. included. The invitation was given from "The affair was a great success. Mem- the pulpit of Mrs. Hitchcock's own bers of the club and others thanked me church (the Methodist Episcopal), and over and over again for giving them the was sent to the local paper, but through chance to hear Ellis, and caUed his an unfortunate error did not reach th.ere speech one of the greatest addresses they in time. Use was, therefore, ma"de of had ever heard. The club invited me to the telephone in inviting the women of join it (I was unable to do so at the other churches.

time), and Ellis himself was tremendous- About seventy-five women came, ly pleased at the idea of making 160 among them many of the social leaders hard-headed business men, many of them of the village, and it proved a most'de- godless men, but aU of them bright and lightful occasion. The missionary gave aggressive, pay for hearing a missionary an hour's talk, illustrated by maps and address! Of course, we did not call it a charts, after which ice cream and cake missionary address, and missions domi- was served, and a social hour spent to- nated only because Ellis so admirably gether. It was the first missionary re- showed the missionary enterprise to be ception held in a home in Bennington the biggest and best and most dominating (there had been several in churches), thing the Occident is doing for the and the uniting of so many women of Orient. different interests in one common work "Sabbath evening the auditorium of was a matter for congratulation.

the First Presbyterian Church, large as , The results of the gathering, from a it is, was crowded to the doors. Even missionary standpoint, were very grati- the gaUeries were filled, and the collec- fying. After the missionary had made tion paid the bills! The dinner tickets her address, an offering was taken, had only paid for the dinner and such which amounted to $17. But better than incidentals as' printing." this was the interest awakened in the hearts of some who had hitherto cared RECEPTIONS TO RETURNED little or nothing about missions. Two MISSIONARIES ladies confest that they had never before One of the best and most beautiful been interested in foreign missions, but ways in which a Christian home can be that they now saw the matter from a used to further the cause of missions is different viewpoint. Another said she to open it for a reception to returned had always thought that the women of missionaries. This not only honors the China had a religion sufficient for them, missionaries and gives them pleasure, but that now she knew better and felt but brings into contact with them many 'that she must help send Christ to them. persons who have little or no interest in Besides this, several societies, in different missions. churches testified that the reception was a help in getting the women out to their At Silver Bay last summer, through a delegate who had been one of the guests, regular meetings. the Best Methods editor heard of a very. This plan might be successfully carsuccessful reception of this' kind given last May by Mrs. Ida M. Hitchcock at her ried out by any woman who has a home of her own, even tho it be an unpreten- home in Bennington, Vermont, in honor tious one.

OF BEST METHODS

SOCIAL METHODS IN ORGANIZING signed by the presidents, treasurers, and NEW SOCIETIES young people's secretaries of the Home Social methods have proved of great and Foreign Presbyterial Societies of value in forming missionary organiza- Philadelphia North, had been sent to the tions-not only new societies, but feder- presidents or superintendents of every ations of those already in existence. young woman's society in the presbytery, Two instances where social affairs and 45, representing 14 societies, re- given by older people have resulted in sponded.

the formation of Young Women's Mis- The affair was very informal. Intro- sionary Societies were recently printed ductions were general, and the secretaries in The Woman's Missionary Magazine. had the pleasure of meeting face to face In the first case it was a pastor and his many who had been merely names be- wife who, by means of personal calls', in- fore. After special music, the reason vited all the young women in the con- for the tea was announced as "the new gregation to spend an evening with them Presbyterian cure-all, the get-together at the parsonage. The Presbyterial Sec- cure !" There were two addresses on retary of Young Woman's Work was the pleasure and profit resulting from present, and gave an address. At the united work, followed by a free ex- close those present were given an op- change of opinion. All present exprest portunity to form a society of their own. themselves in favor of some form of Over thirty (nearly half of those pres- union, and the young people's secretaries ent) signed their flames and became were authorized to take steps toward charter members of the new organiza- organization. A social hour with re- tion. A social hour followed, with dainty freshments followed.

refreshments.

In the other case, the Woman's Mis- A PROGRESSIVE PAGEANT sionary Society of the First United Pres- In December, 1903, the Young byterian Church, Spokane, Washington, Woman's Missionary Society of the invited all the young women over sixteen Presbyterian Church of Richfield to a banquet in the church-parlors. W rit- Springs, New York, conducted a trip ten invitations, to the number of 56, around the world with many social fea- were sent out, and between thirty and tures. The program was printed in the forty responded. The parlors were trans- form of an excursion ticket, with stop- formed into Japanese tea-rooms, and the over privileges at seven different homes tables were laid in the prettiest possible in the congregation, each of which rep- manner. The banquet was served in five resented a different nation. Those who courses, and at the close addresses were .took the trip went from house to house delivered by Mrs. G. G. Wilson, Pres- in the order named, the tickets being byterial !:iecretary of Young Women's punched at each station. Weare in- Vfork, and Mrs. H. F. Given, president debted to Mrs. T. B. Roberts for the fol- of the Woman's Society, putting the mat- lowing details: ter of organization definitely before the A special committee was appointed for girls. As a result, 18 signed the con- each home which took entire charge of stitution before leaving the church, and the arrangements, borrowing curios, se- others joined soon after. curing costumes, and planning special Not long ago, Woman's Work gave an attractions. Each committee kept its account of an afternoon tea given at the plans a secret, so that the members of College Club in Philadelphia, which re- the various committees took the trip as sulted in the formation of a federation of well as the outsiders.

Young Women's Societies. Invitations The home at which the start was made

was cleverly arranged to represent onstrations of the life of the people and a railway station. There was a ticket mission work among them. Rooms office, a ticket agent, a train-despatcher, could be fitted up to represent schools, an apple-woman, various signs and ad- with teachers and pupils; temples and vertisements, and a restaurant where a shrines, with priests and people; hoscommittee of ladies served an appetizing pitals and dispensaries, with doctors, lunch. At each of the six homes, repre- nurses', and patients. Very brief talks senting different countries, there were might be given; native airs be sung or elaborate decorations, fine exhibits of played; and simple refreshments typical curios, and committees of ladies and of the country be served. There might gentlemen, appropriately costumed, who be, too, in each home, a literature table received the tourists and served as with books for sale and leaflets fQr free guides. Tea was served in Yokohama, distribution. It might be called a "Proand cocoa in Vollendam; and at several gressive Pageant," and is a plan well of the homes small souvenirs of the worth considering. country were distributed. The Blue Presbyterian Line The affair was a great success. "The Young Ladies' Society of the Presby- GRAND CENTRAL STATION terian Church of this village has received the hearty congratulations of all (Mr. Melvin D. Drake) who took the journey," said the local Richfield Springs, New York paper. "It seems beyond comprehension that such a novel and interesting EXCURSION TICKET entertainment could be given in a place of this size. Where the articles came Thursday and Friday from, representative of the different December 3 and 4, 1903 nationalities, seems hard to comprehend. A large amount of work was expended Good for One Trip Only to carry out the affair in such detail, but the young ladies were well repaid in the Sixth Station many commendations received and the KILLARNEY, IRELAND large patronage given. Over 500 persons made the trip, and the gross re- Mrs. L. S. Blue ceipts were over $300. The net proceeds reached the handsome sum of $270." Fifth Station VOLLENDAM, HOLLAND This entertainment, as given in Richfield Springs, was largely for the purpose The Manse of raising money, but there are infinite possibilities in it for societies that are …………………….j ••••••••••••••••.••.••.•…•.••.•••••.•…•.•.•.••.•…•.•••. willing to work hard for the purpose of educating and interesting people in mis- Fourth Station sions. Many who could not be per- NAPLES, ITALY suade'd to attend a missionary meeting or listen to a missionary address would Mr. John D. Cary enjoy such a trip with its many novelties and pleasant social features. 'l'hird Station CAIRO, EGYPT For educational purposes the countries represented should be those in Mr. Lowell S. Henry which the denomination conducts mis- Second Station sions. There should be scenes and dem- YOKOHAMA, JAPAN Mr. George D. Caney Firat Station COLONIAL PHILADELPHIA, U.S.A.

Mr. ]. D. Ibbotson MISSIONS AND NEUTRALITY But there are other lessons that have not yet been learned-that the' Sword I T was inevitable that in the conflict of the Spirit is more powerful than the that has convulsed Europe, and has sword of steel; that prayer is a greater spread into Asia, Africa, and the force than powder; that love is more islands of the sea, many mIssIOnaries overcoming than hate; that the Kingshould suffer and their work should be dom of God is the only kingdom that hindered. Military standards are not can endure, and the laws of that Kingthose of Christ, and the rights and dom are practical laws for the governstandards acknowledged in peace are ment of earthly nations. disregarded in war. As a matter of fact, "military necessity," coupled with Many letters have come to the office of military power, displace the laws of the REVIEW questioning our neutrality, humanity and the Gospel of God's or asking that statements be printed conlove. There may be some lessons that cerning the guilt of one of the connations will only learn by the experi- tending parties. Complaints are made ence of war, but the cost is tremendous. of the treatment of British missionaries in German East Africa, and of German Letters from the countries of Europe missionaries in British West Africa. It and from mission fields reveal the is difficult, if not impossible,· to know spiritual havoc wrought by war, and at all the facts or to be free from prejuthe same time give cause for thank- dice; but when facts are known that refulness that suffering is sobering men late to the progress of Christian misand is turning their hearts to God and sions we plan to make them known imto spiritual realities. partially through the REVIEW.

In Russia, the blessing of prohibition In this connection, and in vie», of of vodka is already evident; in Ger- many letters received from British and many there are spiritual awakenings; in Canadian subscribers, it is only right to Great Britain strong drink is recog- say that the article by Herr Schlunk nized as a worse enemy than guns and on "The War and German Missions," torpedoes; in France the prohibition of that appeared in the February REVIEW, absinthe is f.ollowed by exclusion of in- did not pretend to express the views of toxicants from the war zone. Some the editors in regard to the responsilessons are being learned. bility for or cause of the war. It was published, in spite of the controversial Christian work is being carried on and debateable character of some of its with great success among soldiers and statements, in order that our readers prisoners, and hundreds of thousands might know the feeling of Christians in of gospels are being distributed and Germany as they know that of Christians read more eagerly than ever before. in Great Britain. The REVIEW has been Many hearts are being touched by suf- accused both of being pro-British and of – fering. and the destitute are fed and being pro-German. It is neither-but clothed. Many new opportunities for pro-Christian. Any principle, or act, or Christlike service are being accepted spirit that is un-Christlike, by whomwith spiritual results. soever committed, we discredit and con- seem a fitting sign of the breadth of in- demn, not as judges but as voicing the judgment of Go<,l. formation and interest if the electors A MISSIONARY HALL OF FAME should select some from those who have T HE servants of God seek not their served others by forgetting themselves, reward from human hands nor their fame from the passing favor of men. and have lifted men spiritually for all Theirs is a glory that fades not away, and the praise they covet is' the Mas- eternity as well as by material and temter's "Well done." And yet it is fitting that we should recognize the service poral benefits. rendered by men and women who have not counted their lives dear unto them- In suggesting the names of men and selves, but have left home and friends, and have given up comforts and earthly women who might be considered there ambitions that they might serve Christ and their fellow men. Many of these is . an embarrassment, not of poverty, have gone out from America and have become benefactors in uplifting human- but of riches. Certain names at once ity by their unselfish service in many directions. There are honored names come to mind so as to compel recoglike that of Guido F. Verbeck, who was not only a pioneer missionary in Japan nition-beside those already mentioned. but an educator and a wise political adviser; Eli Smith and C. V. A. Van John Scudder, the great medical mis- Dyck, 'the Bible-translators of Syria; Cyrus Hamlin, the founder of Robert sionary to India. . College; Adoniram Judson, the great apostle to Burma; Peter Parker, who Titus Coap., the redeemer of Hawaii. "opened China at the point of the lancet," and William Butler, the foun- Fidelia Fiske, the educator of women der of Methodist missions in India and Mexico. in Persia.

A Hal! of Fame was founded fifteen William Goodell, the pioneer of Chrisyears ago in New York University by the gift of $250,000, and 100 electors tian missions in Turkey. have been appointed to nominate those eligible to recognition. The names are Marcus Whitman, the man who saved to be chosen of IS0 Americans who have been dead ten years or more and who Oregon. are considered famous as authors, educators, missionaries, philanthropists, in- It would be easy to name one hunventors, clergymen, and other public services. After the first fifty, five names dred more. Their name is legion. Every are added each five years. Thus far, no missionaries have been nominated, and land into which the Church has sent only three clergymen. Another vote is to be taken in October, and it would forth her missionary heralds presents a roll of illustrious names which it would be a delight to honor. The missionary firmament is one blaze of luster, studded not with scattered stars .only, but crowded with constellations. In some lands, like India, China, Africa, there are such hosts of saintly men and wo- men who have there found their sphere of holy shining' for God, that we are reminded of those nebulous clusters in which individual stars are lost sight of in the blaze of collected glory, or of the milky way, whose white banner streal,11S across the whole face of the firmament.

The only difficulty that might stand in the way of their nomination is the fact that their service has been rendered in other lands so that they are not famous in the eyes of the American public. If real service to humanity is reckoned rather than human acclamation there could not fall to be a large vote in favor of the missionaries of Christ.

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MISSI DY NEWS THE WAR AND MISSIONS some are mlssmg, and others are pris- oners of war. What will be left of the The War and Mora~ian Missions effective workers of the Church if the war continues much longer? T HE Moravian Church is the only Protestant church which is an or- In 1913, of the entire annual budget ganic unity throughout the world. There of about $500,000 for Moravian missions, are 40,000 members in the home church 17 per cent. came from Great Britain and 96,459 in the mission fields. It car- and 12 per cent. from the Continent of ries on all its missionary work through Europe, while 47 per cent. came from an International Executive Board com- the field itself. This does not mean posed of one American, one English- that 47 per cent. came from the native man, one German, and two chosen from Christians, for it includes government the Church at large, with the central of- grants in aid, returns from indus~rial fices in Herrnhut" Saxony, Germany. and commercial missionary enterpnses, For every two members connected with school-fees, etc. But it is clear that 76 the church in the home provinces it has per cent. of the annual income of the five members in the foreign field. Moravian Mission Board is 'jeopardized, tho to what extent can not yet be It does not require a vivid imagina- told. In Great Britain the falling off tion to see how critically the present of income in 1914 as compared with 1913 war must affect the entire missionary was 27 per cent., and from the Continent work of the Moravian Church. The of Europe a "large falling off" is re- Executive Board is cut off from direct ported. There has been no material decommunication with most of the fields. crease in the contributions from the All nationalities are represented in the American provinces of the Moravian personnel of the missionaries, ~nd. in Church, but neither has there been any British colonies the German mlSSlOn- increase to make good the loss from aries have been interned in detention- the other parts of the unity. The Miscamps, tho, according to reports, they sion Board faces an appalling deficit. have been treated with kindness', and some have been allowed to ret~rn to Dr. Paul de Schweinitz, secretary of their missions. missions in America, concludes by say- ing: "But if the Great Head of, the The effect upon those provinces of the Church still wants to use the Brethren's Moravian Church situated in the coun- Church in the upbuilding of His Kingtries at war is most startling. In Ger- dom throughout the world, He will not many every fourth male communicant allow it to suffer disaster, and will raise over 17 years of age is now in the army. up the needed friends to preserve it." If we eliminate the aged and the physically unfit, it is probably safe to assert British Missionary Prisoners. of War that every third "fit" male communicant member of the Moravian Church in Ger- TWENTY-FIVE of the London Mismany (there called the Brethren's Church) is in the army. Many of these , sionary Society's missionaries are have fallen, many have been wounded, pris~ners of war. Fourteen in German East Africa have been completely cut

off from all communication with their can Board Mission, obtained permiSSIOn friends for many months. In Palestine from the English colonel in charge of six Church Missionary Society mission- the camp to visit the German missionaries have been untler restraint, Dr. aries and offer any help which they Sterling of Gaza being kept in prison might need. He found that they have for several days. In Turkish Arabia government rations, and are allowed to five men and women workers have been club together to hire servants, if they detained by the Turks. Five of the wish. Religious services are held, and Palestine missionaries were p~r~itted tennis and other sports are encouraged. to leave for Egypt. Miss E. A. Law- There is a library, with a German ford is still at the Church Missionary librarian. Two daily newspapers in Orphanage at Nazareth, where about English are allowed them. three hundred Turkish soldiers are quartered, for whom her' services as a nurse The chief grievance of the interned are requisitioned. The isolation of these missionaries seemed to be the separation and other workers is a trial, but no from their families. doubt their testimony is being maintained, so 4hat the things which are hap- Germans Suffer in West Africa pening to them will faU out rather to the furtherance of the Gospel. THE Kamerun Baptist Mission (Ger- man) before the war comprized six German Missionaries in British Territory chief stations and 49 branch stations in T HE German missionary work in charge of 23 missionaries, who minis- British territory has naturally been tered to the spiritual and educational greatly hindered by the war between needs of 3,124 black Christians and these two countries. Not only have the 3,623 mission pupils. One sad result of Germans been unable to obtain funds the conflict between German and British from home, but many of them were ar- forces has been to destroy this flourishrested and interned as prisoners of war. ing work. The British of the Kamerun So far as we have been able to learn, border have defeated the German they have been fairly treated, and in troops. The Allegemeine Evangelische many places have been permitted to re- Lutherische Kirchenzeitung (of Leipsic, turn to their stations or to engage in for February I2, 19I5) reports that at missionary work elsewhere. The Mora- Duala, houses, chapels, and schools were vian mission in the Western Himalayas destroyed, and cattle were appropriated. has been left without any missionaries Some of the white residents were perby the arrest of the German workers, mitted to return to their' homes after who have not yet been allowed to re- their names were taken down. Mr. Lutz, turn. the head of the Basel Mission, definitely protested against the missionaries being In India, many Germans, including 70 made prisoners, but his protests were missionaries representing various so- not heeded. Mr. Bender, an Americieties at work in India, have been in- can citizen, and hig, wife were terned at Ahmednagar. These mission- taken to England with other prisoners aries evidently had conscient~ous scru- of war, and all suffered much on the ples about accepting parole (promising, way, and Mrs.· Martens, the wife of one on oath, not to take arms against Great of the missionaries, was taken ill and Britain or her allies), for they are de- died on December 4th. The missiontained in the camp of non-paroled pris- aries were sent to England, and from oners. there were trans-shipped to Germany. Much ill-treatment is reported by the Dr. Robert A. Hume, of the Ameri- German paper.

WORLD-WIDE. MISSIONARY

West African Miaaionariea in Exile outfits of even the Sy-rian Protestant College, and the action against belliger- AMERICAN Presbyterian mission- ents would a1low them to take away the aries at Batanga, West Africa, have British members of the faculty, unless passed through very trying experiences, the Government at Washington is able and it became necessary for them to to prevent it. leave their station, owing to hostilities that were taking place. Mr. Loewe re- The people of the Lebanon are in turned to this country, and the others great distress over the uncertainty as to were taken by an English naval tug to the continuation of their privileges, Benito, Spanish Guinea, from whence which have been guaran.teed and enjoyed Dr. W. S. Lehman writes: "I can not since 1860, by the Powers. Turkish but feel that these last months in Ba- troops are moved into the Lebanon, which tanga will mean a good deal in the fact in the minds of the people threatens future of the work at that place. Caring the continuance of their immunities and for the refugees did much to make the foreshadows possible bloodshed in case people' feel that the missionaries were the suspicions of the military governtheir friends. They had been indifferent ment should lead them to attempt the before that, but they were friendly and disarming of the Christians dwelling in felt deeply their need. The night of the the Lebanon. 26th of December was the most terrible I have ever been through, not in danger Regular mission work is proceeding to ourselves, but in seeing what inno- as well as could be expected under these cent people, men, women, and children circumstances. The minds of the people suffer. I have seen the same thing in are more than usually open to spiritual the interior on a smaller scale, but this matters, and the attendance upon all rewas on the mission premises and to a ligious services is greater than usual, people who had done no wrong except especially when one takes into considera-' to try and get away from trouble. After tion the large numbers of all classes who the trouble the people scattered for Kri- have fled to Cyprus, Egypt, and counbi. Families were all parted, mothers tries further away. did not know where .their children were, nor men their families. Since that time T Diatreat Christians in Persia there have only been a few natives at HE war has brought suffering and Batanga." exile to more than 50,000 peaceable Christian people in Northwestern Persia. A The Situation in Syria The capture by Turks and Kurds of the MISSIONARY stationed at Beirut, cities of Urumia and Tabriz, which had Syria, writes that the Pope and been held by Russian troops, drove the other powers succeeded in obtaining Nestorian and Armenian people, in fear permjssion for the departure of all of massacre, either out of the country French missionaries and religious work- into Russia or into the American misers, and that the government proceeded sionary compounds in Urumia and Tato empty the French schools and uni- briz. The flight from Urumia began at I versity of all their valuable books, fur- midnight on January 2, the people havniture, and all scientific apparatus. The ing only a few moments' notice of the local government has invited the Otto- approach of the Kurds. The long jourman schools and hospitals to occupy the ney to Tabriz and Russia was made in vacated premises of the French. the depth of winter, with no provision for the journey, and men, women, and The stern necessities of p1artial law children fled afoot through snow and allow the Turco-German authorities to rain and cold. commandeer the medical and surgical

The American Consul at TifUs cabled: in this terrible conflict. But the suffer- "Fifteen thousand Persian Christian ings of the Jews on account of the war . refugees in Caucasus. Local authorities are much greater than their sufferings doing best, but funds needed return in the war, because in the former the them home. Fourteen thousand refugees great bulk of the Jewish people are in- miSSIOn premises. U rumia destitute. volved. Fifty thousand dollars urgently needed. Telegraph funds Tabriz." It is chiefly the Jewish "Pale," not only of Russia but also of Austria and For more than 75 years American Germany, which is being utterly. Christians have carried on missionary devastated by the swaying to and fro of work among these people in Northwest- the immense Russian, German and Ausern Persia, and for the last generation trian armies. Anglican missionaries from England and Roman Catholic mlsslOnaries from Very few have any conception of the France have worked among them. The depth of the misery and the greatness disaster which has fallen upon the of the suffering through which these people comes upon them all indiscrimin- millions of Jews are passing in the ately, and includes many Moslems who eastern area of the war. have been subjected to the same hardships and loss as their Christian neigh- A writer in the Scattered Nalion bors. Relief funds will be distributed says: "One certain outcome of this wherever there is need, without regard frightful war will be that the Jewish to sect or nationality. question will press itself more than ever on the attention of the nations j and it The American Presbyterian mission- is now, even from a political point of aries in Urumia include Rev. and Mrs. view, quite within the bounds of prob- F. G. Coan, Dr. and Mrs. Wm. A. Shedd ability that they will be brought to see and family, Rev. and Mrs. Sterrett, Dr. that the best way of solving this eternal and Mrs. Packard, Rev. and Mrs. F. T. 'question' is to recognize the right of Allen, Rev. and Mrs. Muller, Miss Mary this people-which has been so marvel- Lewis, Mrs. J. P. Cochran, Miss Schoe- ously preserved through all these many bel, and Dr. and Mrs. McDowell. Rev. centuries, and which, as experience has Robert M. Labaree and family are in shown, can neither be assimilated nor Tabriz with Dr. and Mrs. Vanneman destroyed-to a separate national existand Rev. F. N. Jessup. Relief commit- ence in the land which the God of tees have been formed of Americans in Abraham has promised them by oath and Persia, and some $II,OOO have already covenant for an everlasting possession." been cabled to them from America. More is urgently needed. NORTH AMERICA Contributions should be sent, marked The Los Angeles Bible Institute "Persian Relief Fund," to Spencer Trask & Company, 43 Exchange Place, New ON Easter Sunday the new auditor- York City. ium of the magnificent Los Angeles Jews and the Great War Bible Institute was formally opened. The Bible-school classes have been meet- I T is part of the tragedy of Israel's ing for some months in the new build- dispersed condition among the nations ing. The Los Angeles buildings are the that over half a million Jews should be latest word in completeness, costing found fighting in the opposing ranks about $1,500,000. The intention is to against one another. Very many of make the Ipstitute premises a center for them have already laid down their lives Christian work in the city. The Gen- eral Convention of the Disciples of

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Christ will make this new building their the work on the foreign fields by an 18 headquarters July 18 to 25. per cent. cut. When the gravity of the situation became clear, General Secre- The building comprises two I3-story tary Emory W. Hunt and Foreign Secredormitories, with 650 rooms, and the tary Arthur Co Baldwin, as the latest auditorium will seat 4,200 persons. The additions to the secretarial staff, offered Institute was founded by Mr. Lyman in a spirit of generous self-effacement Steward, and is based upon a whole and loyalty to the work of the denomi- Bible, and with the Lord Jesus Christ nation to resign. as its chief corner-stone. Dr. R. A. Torrey, the evangelist, is the Dean of At the quarterly meeting of the Board the Institute, and his chief co-worers of Managers, March 10th and IIth, after will be Rev. T. C. Horton (superinten- prolonged consideration of the matter in all its phases, the Board, with great dent), Rev. 1. H. Hunter, and Rev. J. .reluctance, voted that it was best to avail themselves of the generous offer of Dr. H. Sammis. Hunt and Mr. Baldwin. The school attracts students from Mr. Mornay Williams, one of the every part of the United States and Board, has protested strongly on the many foreign lands, and they are trained ground that "such a policy is blind to in personal work, and for service in the its own results. It substitutes terror as mission fields of the world, for which a motive force for faith; it magnifies education and training the student pays system into a virtue, while it reduces no fees whatever. The school, now in prayer and trust to the level of fanatical its seventh year, is represented by sentiment. For the practical outcome graduates, in many home and foreign to-day look at its issue. At the very fields. moment when we need al! our forces at home for inspiration and abroad for The activities' of the Institute are divi- realization, we cut off two of the chief of ded as follows: Classes, which are held our secretarial force at home, and indaily except Saturday and Sunday; ex- hibit the sailing not only of new retension-work conferences in neighboring cruits, but of old veterans for our farcities and communities; evangelistic flung battle line abroad." meetings by Institute evangelists; Spanish Mission with nightly meetings; regu- One Day'. Income for Missions lar services at shops and factories; personal work among the Hebrews; house- THE General Board of Missions of to-house visitation and neighborhood the Protestant ;Episcopal Church is classeS by Bible women; work in the oilfields; sale and distribution of selected facing the necessity of raising an emerbooks and tracts; mission for seamen gency fund of $400,000, to cover an acat Los Angeles Harbor; Yokefellows cumulated deficit, and to make the ~is­ Hall mission for men, and class'es for sionary work of the church secure. In bootblacks and newsboys. order to meet this, an appeal has been made to every churchman to contribute Baptist Retrenchment one day's income, over and above his regular gifts to missions. The proposal THE American Baptist Foreign Mis- is one that commends itself as direct, ~ion Society is facing a serious reasonable, personal, and self-adjusting, and is meeting with a wide response. financial situation, and, as a result, the Board of Management has voted not to The members and officers of the Board send out any new missionaries the com- are taking the lead in contributing, and ing year, and to retain :rl home most of have already given over $10,000. those now on furlough, and to reduce appropriations for the maintenance of

The employees at the Church Missions time eagerly planning to utilize the House have pledged one day's income. Panama-Pacific Exposition as an op- portunity for an adequate presentation The missionaries on furlough are plan- of woman's work in missions to the ning to do the same. many strangers who will be gathered there. The plans of the committee in- The Spirit of Mission's comments as clude a program covering the whole follows on the significance of the plan: period of the Exposition, giving meth- "How wonderful it would be if the ods, mission study, missionary literwhole church were to unite in this act ature, pageants, plays, etc., as well as of consecration! How much greater a talks on the various fields by those who thing would be accomplished than th~ have served in them. Gathering places mere raising of a sum of money for a and rest rooms for visitors will assure good cause. The spectacle of every to every missionary women who goes communicant laying a day of his life at to San Francisco an opportunity to his Master's feet and asking Him to use meet other women with interests simit to strengthen and extend His King- ilar to her own. dom in the world would be a mighty inspiration !" The missionary exhibit at the Expo- sition will be under the care of the Union Conferences on Immigranb Missionary Education Movement.

HE Immigrant Work Committee of The Woman's Congress of Missions T the Home Missions Council recently arranged a series of local conferences THE Woman's Congress of Missions' concerning conditions and work among is to be held June 6-13, 1915, in the immigrantS' on the Pacific Coast, beginning February 15th, at Los Angeles, fol- Exposition Auditorium at the Civic Cenlowed by San Diego, Fresno, San Fran- ter, Larkin and Hayes Streets, San cisco, Sacramento, Portland, Seattle, Francisco, California. This congress is and Spokane. to present missions iii all its aspects, being held under the joint auspices of These conferences are to bring to- the Council of Women for Home Misgether those who are actively interested sions and the Federation of Woman's or engaged in work among the immi- Foreign Missionary Boards in the Unigrant popUlations, to bring the national ted States. Home Mission Boards and societies into more intimate touch with the situation A large committee of Californian woon the Pacific Coast, and to foster a men are working enthusiastically on all spirit of cooperation in this field of so- local arrangements, and they will present cial, educational, and evangelistic work. the two missionary pageants. There is to be an exhibit of literature, a series of The program includes a study of the study classes and conferences, large infacts as to immigrant peoples, the work spirational gatherings and addresses by being done, the forms of service, ques- experts in the field of women's missiontions of policy, and plans for cObpera- ary enterprise. For further information, tion. A traveling exhibit also illustrates address Room 606, 600 Lexington Aveconditions and work in other parts of nue, New York. the country, and includes books on immigration, literature in foreign lan- The Flying Squadron for Temperance guages, and other helpful material.

Missions at the Panama.Pacific: A NEW agency in the cause of tem- perance reform is the Flying A Exposition Squadron, which has its headquarters in LOCAL committee of the mission- Indianapolis, but has taken the whole ary women of San Francisco and United States for its field. Three the nearby towns has been for some

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groups of speakers and singers, under inefficiency of its internal administration the leadership of ex-Governor Hanly o)f of the northern possessions. Laws regu- " Indiana, have gone up and down the lating the sale of liquor are violated with country, stirring large audiences on the flagrant persistency, evidently with the liquor question. The campaign of two connivance of the officials, and little hundred and fifty days of service is to respect is shown toward laws regarding conclude in Atlantic City in June. The the protection of fish and fur-bear.ing members of the Flying Squadron par- animals in Alaska and in the Pribilof ticipated in all of the four state-wide and Aleutian islands. His report defights il). the Coast country, speaking nounces the conduct of white men, of nearly 600 times in Arizona, California, those regions toward natives. "The Oregon and Washington, and only one white man's lack of care and regard for of these states voted to retain the saloon. the sanctity of the native's home is the crime of Alaska," reads the report. "In Many testimonies have come from the many sections the wife and daughter are people of these states as to the valuable dishonored, and any r~sistance from the help 'given by these speakers in bringing husband, father or brother is overcome about this result. But the Flying by threats and bribes and liquor, until Squadron is proving more than a even the men have all their best imstriking company of prohibition propa- pulses and senses deadened, and seem gandists. It has helped to strengthen to be unmanned. Wherever the white the churches wherever it has gone, has man has settled the saloon prevails, and put iron into the blood of the good that has had more to do with the ruincitizen, has elevated the moral ideals uf ation of the Indian and the Aleut than all the people. all other causes. In sections where the saloon is not found liquor reaches the Quarter-Centennial of Chicago Tract natives in the form of pay and bribes."

Soc~ety LATIN AMERICA T HE Chicago Tract Society celebrated Suffering Mexico its Twenty-fifth Anniversary on Sunday, February 14th. The Polyglot pLANS have been set on foot for misservice in the Grace English Lutheran sionary cooperation with the Ameri- Church was addrest by Constantine Antoszewski, Senior Polish Missionary; can Red Cross in giving relief to war- Andrew Todoroff, Bulgarian missionary; scourged Mexico. Reports from the V. H. Yessayan, Armenian, and Rev. C. mission stations show that the people T. Papadopoulos, head of the Greek are more and mOTe drawn to Christ by work. Mr. Ernest C. Brooks, the Sec- their afflictions, but they are in the retary, reported that 25 missionaries are throes of famine throughout a large part empioyed" and devote an aggregate of of the land. 2r8 months during the year to the work, conducting r,070 public meetings, visit- Consul-General Hanna of Monterey, ing more than 56,000 homes, and dis- in a recent telegram to the State Detributing over 12 million pages of tracts partment, said in part: "The Mexican in 38 languages. authorities are doing what they can, but after four years of war, (luring which Liquor Menace to Alaska the fields have been neglected or have gone untilled, the crops are very short, DR. E. LESTER JONES, public com- and the local supply almost exhausted. missioner of fisheries, has com- We wish every town in the cotton pleted a six months' survey of conditions States would buy a bale of cotton blanthroughout Alaska. His report is a kets and send them to Mexico, for these stern rebuke to the government for the

people have very little clothing, and the school population is in school. A lack weather is cold." of properly trained teachers hinders plans for improvement, which the Gov- Consul Johnson, of Matamoros, make, ernment has formulated. Widespread the following appeal in part: "The con- ignorance, immorality, and irreligion ditions in Europe which shock the civi- constitute a call for a healing and lifelized world have existed here against giving Gospel. our borders for four years unconsidered. Mexico is peopled with widows and or- The following Protestant missionary phans, and famine is in the land. One forces are at work: Methodist Episcopal sees it daily in emaciated forms, shrun- (established ISgO) , having important ken cheeks, tightly drawn skin and burn- day and high-school work in and near ing eyes; sees it in the faces of women, Lima, the capital; Evangelical Union of old men, and little children. They have South America, has a printing estabendured much, but now has been reached lishment and a pook depot in the capital the end of their stoicism, and from the and a large farm property in the higheast, the west, and the south comes the lands for industrial training and evancry for bread for the starving." gelization of the Indians; Seventh Day Adventists, and an Independent Holi- Missionaries appeal to friends at home ness mission are also represented. The for flannel, thread, blankets, shoes, total force (including wives and single clothing of all kinds, and money to buy women) is about 35 foreign missionfoodstuffs. Second-hand goods that are aries. The native Protestant pastors worth shipping will be gratefully re- and helpers number 12 or 15, and about ceived.-REv. H. L. Ross, Brownsville, 20 congregations have been, formed, Texas. which meet in private houses, as do the Sunday-schools, Young People's Socie- Conditions in Peru ties and evangelical day-schools. Com- municants number about six or seven T HE Republic of Peru has about 700,- hundred with I,200 young people en- 000 square miles, with a population rolled as scholars in Sunday- and dayof 3,500,000, of whom about one-half schools. Medical and nursing work, esare uneducated, Quechua-speaking In- pecially in the Sierra, has broken down dians. Tho the Spanish-speaking whites the prejudice of. fanatics and paved the form only 15 per cent. of the popula- way for the Gospel message. Appeals tion, they are the professional and gov- are constantly coming for the establisherning clasS', but have little to do with ment of Protestant work in towns and the commercial life of their country. villages yet unreached. Fifteen out of the 22 departments into which the re- Roman Catholicism is still the official public is divided are unoccupied. State religion, and the Constitution prohibits the public exercise of any other EUROPE form of worship. Moral and religious life are at a low ebb, and many public Soldiers Eager for Testaments festivities are a scandal, especially in Indian communities, being accompanied THE Scripture Gift Mission is conby drunkennesS', crimes, and orgies. tinuing its work of distributing the Many educated people are atheists and freethinkers, and abhor the very name Word of God among the soldiers of the of religion. The lottery, bull-fighting, variouS' nationalities engaged in the war, and cock-fighting are among the prin- and is receiving many reports of the cipal diversions (popular), to which eagerness of the men to' have the children become accustomed. Educa- books. Since the war began, over one tion is at a low level, and it is estimated million Gospels and New Testaments that only one-fourth of the total primary

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have been given to British soldiers and sionary Society missionary in South In- sailors, at home and abroad, and hun- dia embraced Islam some time ago; and, dreds of thousands to the troops of the finally, that one of the Church Mission- Allies, and there seems to be no dimi- ary Society's workers at Peshawar had nu;tion in the demand. One British been recalled to England to combat the soldier, who is one of forty in a trench, growth of Islam there. Absurd as these . writes that he has a Gospel, but it is sel- stories 5'eem, there may be some founda- dom in his own possession as' everyone tion for them in the fact that there is wants to borrow it. He wishes that a now published monthly at W oking, near sufficient supply might be sent out so that London, the Islamic Review and Muslim all his comrades might have a Testa- India, which has sections in English, ment or Gospel of their own. Arabic, Persian, and Esperanto. Its editors consider themselves missionaries Some of the men doubtless welcome of Islam to England, and announce in the little books for lack of other reading one issue: "Weare taking this oppor- matter, but, as one French paitor has tunity of informing the English public put it, "who knows if in the camp or that many English ladies and gentlemen trench, perhaps wounded or alone, a man have embraced Islam, and there are in- may be brought to know his Savior numerable people in England who are through the small book found in his Muslims without knowing that they are pocket." such."

Reports come that prayer meetings Basel Mission Centenary and Bible readings are being held in the "dug-outs," sometimes even with shells AT Basel, on the Rhine, one of the flying around, and many a soldier has most active missionary institutions found the Lord, notwithstanding the try- in Europe this year celebrates its cen- ing conditions. One soldier writes: "It tenary. The seminary was established is not the time for men to argue about in 1815 for the education of mission- the existence of God, or the inspiration aries to foreign lands. There were of Scripture. Men do not question this troublous war times then within the can- now in the face of such terrible dangers; ton, one hundred years ago, as now exist their one thought is how they might in 1915 close to its border-line. A Rus- know that their sins are forgiven." sian army, in r8I5, was encamped on one side of Basel, and a Hungarian army Islam in England on the other, and in token of their gratitude for a remarkable deliverance, AT Peshawar, on the northwest fron- the people resolved to establish "a mis- tier of India, Mohammedan! are sion seminary to train up pious teachers . beginning to be alarmed at the progress for the heathen." The Basel Mission- of the Gospel, and in order to check it ary Society has grown and is attached they have spread a number of wild to no one church, but is affiliated with stories. Thus it is said and believed nearly all of the Protestant churches of that Islam is spreading rapidly in En- Central Europe. The students have gland; that several of the nobility have mainly been from Germany and Switz- declared themselves Mohammedans; erland, and the college has been turn- that George Sale, who translated the ing out missionary agriculturists, weav- Koran nearly two centuries-ago, on his ers, shoemakers, bakers, workers in deathbed declared himself a Moham- wood and iron, tailors, printers, and me- medan, asked forgiveness for having chanics, as well as teachers, ministers, put forward such an incorrect transla- and surgeons. The missions have been tion, and desired that all copies should be established on the Gold Coast in Afri- burned; that a prominent Church Mis-

ca, in India and China, and the indus- to see after the wounded, and has taken trial missions are a model for all such 20,000 copies with her. She is doing work. much in this way. Her noble example Heroism of German Deaconesses is, as' you can fancy, influencing many.

I suppose that since the tenth and BISHOP NUELSEN, of the Metho- eleventh centuries there have never been dist Church, has recently visited such opportunities of spreading the Saxony, and the services which he held Scriptures in Russia as there are in the were attended by great crowds of present time. I am glad that I am serious men and women. He writes as living now. I am glad that I am in follows of the Methodist deaconesses, Russia now. I know no place in the many of whom are attending the world where I think it more important wounded in the hospitals, and some to work. How grand if God's Word twenty-five of whom are at the front, does for Russia again what it did for it immediately behind the firing line. in the distant past. Aye, and how good "The few letters that have been re- for the world! Russia is not isolated ceived from them reveal deeds of now as she was then. She will never be heroism and hardships equal to the most so isolated again. She will become one renowned feats o-f warriors. Think of of the greatest powers of the future; those girls on the cold plains of Poland, and we who are living now have, by our sleeping night after night on bare ,prayers and our work and our gifts, !o ground, counting themselves happy when decide to some extent how her power they can procure some straw to sleep will be used.;' upon; being unable to change their' clothes for three weeks; going without MOSLEM LANDS IN ASIA food for a day and night in succession; Demand 'for Bibles in Syria T giving the last morsel of bread to a HE Beirut press has been carrying on its work under great difficulties hungry soldier and not tasting bread for five days. Truly I never realized as during the past few months. The Balmuch what the heroism of women can kan war had so disastrous an effect on endure and perform as I did when I the price of coal and gas that provision read a few of those simple, unassuming for the running expenses became a problem. The directors, accordingly, letters." looked about for a cheaper form of "A The Gospel in Ruaaia power, and finally settled on the instal- MILLION Gospels wanted. Help lation of a suction gas plant, by which and pray." Such is the message the coal bill was cut in half. During received by the Scripture Gift Mission the present war, it has been possible for from its agent in Russia, who adds: the work to be kept up without being "One of the most striking and grand entirely swamped, and the pay-roll was things that I know in this conntry is the maintained long after returns from the way that God has led the people to long publications were cut off by the closing after His own ·Word. Again and again of the schools all over the country. More I am told that the wounded soldiers in than once the force employed at the the hospitals say to those who offer mission press has become panic stricken them papers and tracts, etc.: 'We do not at the presence of soldiers in the town want these; we want God's Word.' An- and fled to the mountains. But each other striking thing is the way He has time the workers have come back.

laid it on the hearts of the highest in the At length, however, it became neces- land to help in spreading His Word. The sary to cut down to half time, for the Empress herself has gone to the front demand for books and pamphlets put

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out by the press had practically ceased. to include one member from each prov- That it has not been compelled to close ince. The Metropolitan Bishop of India entirely is due to the still urgent call is still its President, and Dr. S. K. Datta for Bibles, the printing of which en- Vice-President. The financing of the ables the press to continue its invaluable Council is a difficult matter, and an apwork. peal has been made to the Home Boards to meet the deficiency up to Rs. 7,500. W'lr News in Persia The initial difficulties of organization have been immense, and the war has AN amusing side to the dark war pic- temporarily paralyzed many of the out- ture comes from Rev. R. M. Labaree reaching aims of the National Council, in Tabriz, Persia, in an account of an but there have been many reasons for itinerating trip taken in December last: believing that, as a whole, the movement "All the Persians side intensely with the is of God, and must succeed. Germans, and will believe no stories that do not proclaim them the winners of every Honors to a Missionary battle. Geography, history, political conditions never troubled the newsmonger R c. EV. J. R. EWING, Pres~ent of as he told his tales. In one place I was Forman Christian College, of Laasked from what country I came, and hore, India, and Vice-Chancellor of the when I replied that I was an American, University of the Panjab, has been apmy questioner said: "I am very sorry to pointed by the King of England, a "Cominform you that your country has been panion of the Order of the Indian Emutterly destroyed by the Germans," nor pire." This is a t:are honor, since no other could I persuade him that that was not American has ever received it. Some so. Another told me of the capture of years ago he was given a Kaiser-i-Hind Paris, that it had been decreed that the medal of the first class in recognition city should be given over to eight hour.s of his relief work after the Kangra of indiscriminate slaughter; but that at earthquake. Dr. Ewing is a Presbythe earnest intercession of the Persian 'terian missionary, having served in India Minister, the time of bloodshed was re- for about 35 years. He is a brother of duced to four hours. An intelligent man the late Dr. Arthur Ewing, who, at the (for Persia) insisted that up to the time of his death, was president of Allapresent time not one German had been habad Christian College. killed, owing to their marvelous devices for self-protection." A Brahmin Impostor INDIA I N the monthly news-sheet issued by the Church of Scotland Eastern- Indi'ln N'ltional Council Himalayan Mission, appears an interest- ing story of a Brahmin, who claimed to OWING to the financial stress due to be an incatnation of the supreme deity. the war, the National MissiQnary The government, intending to protect the Council of India did not hold its ex- purses of the peasants, turned him out pected meeting, but the Executive Com- of Nepal after making trial of his mittee met, and the resolutions adopted powers and finding him to be an imposhave been circulated among the repre- tor. sentatives of the Provincial Councils, and passed upon by them. The Council He went into the Temi district of has now been fully constituted by the Sikkim, with an attendant gang numelection of three representatives from bering nearly twenty, and took up his each of the eight Provincial Councils, abode in the forest. The people thronged and 18 coopted members. The Execu- to him from Darjeeling and beyond tive Committee has been enlarged so as Gantok. Certain Limbus on his route

prepared to defend their property, but for study for a number of workers. This there remained plenty of dupes to whom medical work has so imprest the gov- he narrated their past and expounded ernor and officials that they have re- their future. quested the Yale Mission to join with them in conducting a medical school for He has now departed, and it is said the province, and the negotiations are that he received between 300 and 400 still in progress. head of cattle and many thousands of rupees from the poor, ignorant people. A A Chinese Forms Bible Classes YOUNG Chinese engineer named CHINA Mea has taken up in China the or- ganization of Bible-classes as a service Fifty Years in Hangchow incidental to his professional work. It is reported that there are now operating THE jubilee of the establishment of under his oversight 71 such classes, at- Protestant missions in Hangchow tended by 800 men. Mea was converted was celebrated during the Christmas in the Massachusetts Institute of Techholidays. Fifty years ago C. E. Moule, nology, Boston, where a most earnest a young English clergyman, afterward Christian student won his friendship and the Bishop of Mid-China, came up from changed his' religious views. Ningpo, the first treaty port in this province. The American Presbyterians JAPAN-KOREA (North), the China Inland Mission, and the American Presbyterians (South) , Japanese Officials and Korean soon followed, and, later, the American Mi88iotlaries Baptists. The celebration was in the hands of a committee of Chinese and SEVERAL months ago Count Okumissionaries, and was held in the large rna's cabinet recalled to Japan "Peace Hall." On Sunday afternoon, General Akashi, head of the Japanese police service in Korea, who was responwhen Rev. J. c. Garrett, formerly of sible for the arrests of the 120 Korean ChristIans who were charged with plot- Hangchow and now the president of the ting to assassinate Governor-General Nanking School of Theology, delivered Terauchi. This removal showed an enan address~ in which he laid upon the couraging change of attitude on the part present generation the will of God, the of the Japanese. Next, the Japanese responsibility of transmitting to others Emperor granted pardon for Baron Yun what they had received from the early and the five other defendants who were pioneers and all the blessings of this the only ones' sentenced on these charges. first fifty years of the Gospel. Unfortunately, just at this time a local official called before him for reprimand Yale in Cliina Rev. George S. McCune, of Syen Chun, who had been preaching powerfully in SINCE the Yale Mission was opened revival meetings in Pyeng Yang. He was in Changsha, in 1903, between fif- charged with having made an inflamteen and twenty men have gone out there matory anti-Japanese speech, in 'having from Yale. In 1906 the Preparatory referred to a crown placed on the head Department of the College was started, of Jesus, in telling how the blood of and now numbers about 140. This year Jesus had been shed for the Korean the Freshman College Class has been be- people, and in similar statements, which gun. The medical work, under. the able the Japanese official had conceived were supervision of Dr. Edward Hume, re- insults to Japan, Mr. McCune clearly ports over 40,000 patients treated an- stated that he had not used language nually in the men's and women's hospitals. The laboratory is equipped with modern bacteriological and chemical apparatus, and 'is providing ample material

1 5] WORLD-WIDE MISSIONARY NEWS

detrimental to the interests of the J apan- ganized churches are 2,343. Baptism of ese Government, and assured the officer 9,019 adults has brought 'the total comthat the people of the church understood municant membership to 76,825. In adhis statement in its true spiritual mean- dition there are enumerated 196,389 ading, and for them it could not have any herents, a gain of almost 25,000 in the possible political significance. past year.

Imperial Gift to the Salvation Army Sunday Schools for Non-Christians W ITH a generous gift of 3,000 yen, KOREANS are using Sunday-schools their Imperial Majesties the Em- as an evangelistic agency in a novel peror and Empress have indicated their way. They have formed Sunday-schools interest and approval of the social and exclusively for non-Christians. So sucphilanthropic work which has been done cessful have they been that the parents in the past 19 years in Japan by the Sal- are coming to the missionaries and vation Army. It is the first Imperial speaking appreciatively of the work recognition that the Army has had, and, being done for their children, and incoming at a time of great need, it is quiring of "the way" for themselves. doubly appreciated. The gift comes at a Rev. C. T. Collyer, treasurer of the critical period in the finances of the Korea Sunday-school Association, writes Army, inasmuch as a few months ago concerning this work: "To me the most Commissioner Mapp was informed by interesting feature of it is that it is not the headquarters office at London that directly any missionary's work. We have the effects of the war were such that given the idea and the inspiration to the there would be a great reduction in the natives, and they are doing the work. We support sent to Tokio. A little later the want to multiply this kind of activity all "reduction" proved to be 12,000 yen-a through our territory." crushing blow, but one which the Army is sharing in every quarter. It was AFRICA since the news of this reduction came that the Army's need was called to the Among the Soldiers in Egypt attention of their Majesties through the kindly offices of Count Okuma, Baron T HE presence of over roo,ooo British Shibusawa, and Mr. Shimada, M.P.- Colonial troops in Egypt has offered The Japan Times. a great opportunity to missionaries for Christian work. The temptations of a city Advance in Korean Churches like Cairo can be better imagined than described, and many soldiers, free from THE Federal Council of Protestant the restraints of home, have fallen an Evangelical Missions in Korea has easy prey to Moslem and pagan vices. decided to open a summer Bible-school The British and American missionaries this year at W onsan, which is expected have taken the opportunity to give to develop into a permanent center of re- stereopticon lectures, and to hold Bibleligious influence for the whole country. classes and religious services with en- The council also voted to become respon- couraging results. Dr. Samuel M. Zwesible for mission work among the Korean mer, Rev. Stephen Trowbridge, and the population of Tokyo, Japan. Y. M. C. A. secretary, Mr. Jessop, have been especially active. Twelve thousand The statistical reports marked the men from Australia have been encamped highest figures yet gained in Korean at the foot of the Great Pyramid of Gizwork. There are now 395 missionaries eh. Mr. Trowbridge writes, March 7: in the country, of whom 128 are ordained pastors. Korean workers giving full "Dr. Zwemer and I have preached and l.ectured in the Mena Camp eight or nine time to the ch1,1rch !;lumber 1,r03' 01:'-

times during February with an attend- Hungry for the Gospel ance averaging over 900 men each time. It is a most inspiring work. At the end of M R. GEORGE SCHWAB, a graduate one of Dr. Zwemer's sermons the troops of Mount Hermon School, Massaburst into three cheers. Every Sunday chusetts, and now missionary in German night a communion service is held, and West Africa, tells interestingly of his during February 30 men accepted Christ wonderful success among the natives 6f publicly for the first time. Many Y. M. that region. He says: C. A. tent-meetings are being held for the soldiers in the great camps outside "Half a generation ago the BuIu, Cairo, where are gathered the troops armed with trade guns, marched to the from Australia, New Zealand, and Eng- coast to rid the land of whites. Witness land. I have also heard these soldiers the power of Christ's Gospel! On a pray and sing, and can not help loving recent communion Sunday at one of our them. Mr. William Jessop, the efficient interior stations the forests gave up their Y. M. C. A. secretary for Cairo, has dwellers to the number of 8,100 by actual been reinforced by three Scotch secre- count! These were they 'whose gartaries…. The temptations in the vicious ments were washed white with the blood resorts of Cairo are very great, and of the Lamb: And on the same Sunday thousands of these stalwart men have at an outstation which had been opened been entangled in sin. But many have to relieve the pressure on the workers come to themselves and to God, and are at the main station, were gathered 5,000 attending the Association meetings. more, this work having been built up in About 600 men from the troops have the brief space of a year! Floods, not joined the Pocket Testament League." showers, of blessing, these! We have some 4,500 pupils in the village schools A South African Native College in connection with the station. The most discouraging feature of the whole work ABOUT ten years ago a movement was is its very success. One lone white man set on foot in South Africa to estab- with the future of part of a large tribe lish an institution for the higher educa- on his hands!" tion of natives-an interstate college. The scheme was inaugurated on a large Lions and Religioua Service.' scale, and it was purposed to raise a sum of £50,000 for the institution. Friends M BERESHI, one of the largest of the enterprise have now decided to . native towns in Northeast Rhobegin on a much smaller scale, and the desia, is the chief station of the college is to be opened this year. Mem- Awemba Mission, and is under the bers of the staff are to be professing charge of the London Missionary So- Christians and to be well disposed toward ciety. Work was commenced there in mission work; they need not, however, 1900, and since has been steadily carbelong to any particular Christian sect. ried on in the face of formidable Ons Land, a South African paper, points difficulties. Heathen practises and out that very few natives succeed in beliefs still maintain a strong hold nn passing the matriculation examination, the people, but still the work grows. and that while, theoretically, it is right There must be something excellent in that opportunity for higher education the quality of the converts when the should be given in South Africa to those missionary can report: "The Sunday natives who desire it, the elementary morning prayer meeting is attended by education of the native remains the chief all the Christians who do not go out problem. preaching." Concerning the depreda- tions of lions, Mr. Nutter, a missionary at the station, writes: "I am glad to

WORLD-WIDE MISSIONARY NEWS

say that nobody has been injured in Zanzibar Boy Scouts our village, but several people have been killed in the immediate district. THE first troop of Boy Scouts was The lions have repeatedly wandered started in Zanzibar in September, about the station, and a month ago 1912, by Padre Keable. It consisted they killed both my donkeys on one then of three patrols of seven boys each, visit. These frequent visitations have the boys being all scholars at the high made our Friday evening service im- school, and including Indians, Swahilis, possible, and we are arranging for this Goanese, Arabs, and half-castes. They service at sunset." wear ordinary scout dress (but bare feet), and the colors are green shirts A South African Sunday-School Union and red scarfs. Michael, a high-school teacher, is assistant scout master, and THE Sunday-school forces of the they turn out, as a rule, on Wednesdays Christian churches of South Africa and Saturdays. They learn the Scout have been successfully organized. The Law and do all that Scouts do in Eng- need of such an organization has been land. They are mostly Mohammedan felt by Christian workers in South Af- by religion, but there are some 16 Chris- rica for several years'. The World's tians and a few Hindus. Quite a num- Sunday-school Association, in 19II, of- ber of Mohammedans are learning re- fered $750 per annum for two years to- ligion. There are now six patrols and ward the salary of an organizing sec- a band. retary. At the time t~e offer could not be accepted, but the organization has THE ISLANDS now been effected, and strenuous efforts are being made to win the million and a The Pioneer to the New Hebrides half children in South Africa to the Sun- day-school and the Sunday-school's T HE Presbyterian Church in Canada Christ. commemorates this year the centen- nial of the birth of John Geddie, the first Many Volunteer for Africa missionary sent out from Canada or from any colonial church of the British AT a rally held in January in Moody Empire. He was born in Nova Scotia, Church, Chicago, in the interest of and went to the New Hebrides Islands the Nyassaland mission of central Africa, in 1848. He was the first missionary to – which was founded by Andrew Murray, that group of islands. That he was a sixty-two persons volunteered for work man of great ability is evidenced by the in Africa. The rally was held under the way in which he laid the foundation of auspices of the North American Council, the Christian Church among cannibals which has collected during the la~t thir- and savages in. the southern portion of teen months over $4,000 for the work, the New Hebrides group. On the Island and has already sent to the field a trained of Aneityum there stands a monument nurse. It is the sale representative of to his memory on which is inscribed: the body conducting the mission, the "When he landed here in 1848 there were Dutch Reformed Church of South no Christians; when he left in 1872 there Africa. There are now at work seventy- were no heathen." two Europeans in eighteen stations, who care for 70,000 pupils in mission schools; Poisoned Bibles for the South Seas yet so large a territory is absolutely untouched that the mission is seeking FROM the Bible House in New York missionaries and money that it may at a thousand Bibles in the language once enter Portuguese Nyass'aland. of the Gilbert Islands have been sent to Sydney, Australia, there to be reshipped to Ocean Island and Apaian in Micro- nesia. From Ocean Island, which is an

important commercial center because of than twenty years, and occupied a its wealth of phosphate, the Bibles will large and important place in the life of be sent on adventurous voyages of ·two the institution. For many years he hundred miles or so to other islands of acted as secretary of the Faculty, and the Gilbert group. In the bindery of the was one of its wisest counsellors. The Bible House poison was worked into great loss both to the community indithe covers to discourage insect foes; the vidually and to the College as an inpacking-room was turned into a tinshop stitution, was exprest by one friend, while the books, in parcels of 20, were who said: "No man is indispensable, soldered up in tin to guard against wet- but this loss is irreparable." ting by waves or weather, and the shipping office supplied the tin cases with 50 Dr. Moore was a native of Bridgestout boxes as armor against rough hand- ton, N. J., and a graduate of Princeling by stevedores of many races – all ton University (r89r), and of the Unithese pains being taken to insure the safe versity of Pennsylvania Medical School. arrival of the precious freight at the Gil- In September, r897, he married Miss bert Islands. The cost to the Ameri- Ethel Jessup, daughter of Dr. Henry can Bible Society of this consignment H. Jessup, who survives him with five was $1,367. It is a grant to the Ameri- children, the eldest a boy of about 15. can Board Micronesian mission. Mrs. Lyman Jewett OBITUARY NOTES MRS. EUPHEMIA DAVIS JEW- Mrs. Jacob Chamberlain ETT, widow of Dr. Lyman Jew- ett, who, with her husband, gave O N March 12, 1915, Mrs. Charlotte nearly forty years of missionary ser- Birge Chamberlain, widow of the vice in South India, died in March, at late Rev. Jacob Chamberlain, M.D., the age of 9r years. To tell the story D.D., died in New Brunswick, New Jer- of Mrs. Jewett's life would be to resey, at the home of her son, the Rev. view the early history of that cele- Lewis B. Chamberlain, in her seventy- brated mission among the Telugus in ninth year. She was one of the first wo- India known as the "Lone Star" mismen missionaries from America to In- sion. A four months' voyage in a dia, sailing in December, 1859. She and sailing vessel brought Dr. and Mrs. her husband labored chiefly for the Telu- Jewett to Madras in 1849. They proga people, with Madanapalle as the cen- ceeded at once to the struggling little ter, for nearly fifty years. Mrs. Cham- station at Nellore to assist Dr. Day, berlain was the daughter of the Rev. the founder of the mission, in his Chester Birge, an Ohio clergyman; and work. Here they labored faithfuIly was a graduate of Mount Holyoke Col- for many years. In 1877 they were lege. Mrs. Chamberlain returned to transfeued to Madras, where they America in 1909, one year after the death opened a new station in r878, and of her husband. Her Christ-like devo- there spent the remainder of their mistion inspired her husband in his efficient sionary Iife. work and led her children into the missionary service. Miss S. D. Doremus, of New York Dr. F. T. Moore of Beirut M ISS SARAH DU BOIS DORE- FRANKLIN T. MOORE, M.D., Pro- . MUS, daughter of the late fessor of Gynecology and Obstet- Thomas C. and Sarah Platt Doremus, rics in the Syrian Protestant College, and for some years the general corre- Beirut, died on January 13th after a sponding secretary of the Woman's brief illness. Dr. Moore had been as- Union Missionary Society, of New sociated with the College for morc:: York, diee! on January 24, 19r5. :m~ LANDS BOOKS ON Ml3SIONS ./~. AND . .. ~ .L[ … ……….. MISSION I~/ 11 Thirty Years in the Manchu Capital. back in the eyes of the general public. By Dr. Dugald Christie. Illustrated. The. book is a fine addition to medi- 8vo. 302 pp. $2.75, net. McBride, Nast cal-missionary literature, and is written & Co., New York, 1914.

Dr. Christie is a Scotch medical in a readable style. It should be in the missionary in Mukden, a city that has hands of all interested in medical mis- been the scene of stirring events in the sions.

past thirty years. In 1894-5 the China- Samuel B. Capen. By Chauncey J. Haw- Japanese war, and it:l 1904-5 the Russo- kins. Illustrated. 8vo. $1.25, net. Pil- Japanese war, found in Manchuria their grim Press, Boston, 1914.

principal battlefields. In 1900 the It is good to turn aside now and then Boxer rebellion sought to sweep away from the biographies of great and every vestige of Christianity out of lonely personalities to the life of an Manchuria, and in 19II-12 the Repub- American business man of our own lican revolution narrowly missed mak- time. Samuel B. Capen "was not born ing Mukden a shambles of Manchu as a genius towering in intellect or blood. From November, 1910, to April, imagination above his fellow men. He 191 I, the black death of pneumonic had through his life a physical equip- plague swept over part of Northern ment below the average"; yet he be- Manchuria, and Mukden was only saved came, perhaps, "the leading layman" of by the prompt and insistent action of the city of Boston, and has quickened Dr. Dugald Christie and his colleagues, the idealism of the Christian business backed by a wise and determined vice- men of America.

roy. The biographer has done his work The Medical Mission, which was well. He takes us back to the early founded by Dr. Christie thirty years home of his hero, a home of modest ago, is to-day a powerful agency for means, permeated with the finest Puri- Christianity. Officials and soldiers soon tanism. It was a wholesome education came to recognize the importance of the for the lad simply to live in Boston in doctor's help, and it is one of the in- the days before the war, the days of terests' of this volume of experiences, to zealous temperance reform, of anti- note how often we are brought face to slavery, of Finney's evangelism. Capen face with men in high office, some of entered a business firm which regarded whom very worthily upheld their po- busines·s as an opportunity for the ex- sition, and showed themselves full of pression of Chr.istianity.

character and capacity, and truly de- The first outstanding opportunity of voted to the interests of their people. public service came to him when he was As a result of Dr. Christie's work elected president of the Congregational a Union Medical College has been built, Sunday-School and· Publishing Society.

and there is now a staff of eight for- A further chance to help boys and eign teachers and two foreign lecturers, girls came when he was chosen mem- all animated by the missionary spirit ber of the Boston School Committee in and outlook. The pronounced Christian the days of riotouS' graft. Capen helped character of the College is no draw- to save the school system and to give it new life by forwarding the movements ganizations. Modern social and indus- for manual training and other reforms. trial reforms are presented in a way The causes of temperance, of justice that reveals the great need of India for to the Indians, of universal peace were social transformation. The author has among the permanent passions and pur- mastered his subject and knows the art suits of his life. of presenting it to occidental readers. His work comes at once into the po- Mr. Capen's n~blest powers found sition of authority and unique interest. their noblest exercise when he became bound officially to the work of world- Social Christianity in the Orient. An conquest, as president of the American Autobiography of John E. Clough. Edit- Board and chairman of the Laymen's ed by His Wife. Illustrated. Bvo. 409 Missionary Movement. In these and pp. $1.50. The Macmillan Co., 1915. many other public responsibilities he The best biographies are more than was generous with his time, yet careful of its use; he drove his work, was the life-stories of men-they are hisnever driven by it. tories of world-periods, the progress of great movements, and the solution of The author happily says, "He was problems. Dr. John E. Clough was an not a gentleman who was religious, he unusual man; he lived in an unusual was a gentleman because he was re- time, and performed unique service for ligious." A layman, "always living in mankind. His life-story is here given the spiritual world, passionately devoted autobiographically, but written by Mrs. to the kingdom of God," Samuel B. Emma Rauschenbusch Clough, and as Capen has made more wide and level a a result has both advantages and dispath which multitudes of business men advantages. If Mrs. Clough had not so are going to walk in this, "the lay- subordinated her personality she would men's age." have written a better book from a lit- erary standpoint, but the narrative Modern Religious Movements in India. might have lost some of the unique per- By J. N, Farquhar. IJIustrated. Bvo. sonality of the man. 471 pp. $2.50, net. The Macmillan Co., 1915. The "Lone Star" Mission among the India is the hotbed of many religious Telugas of India is one of the great miracles of Christian history. We have movements. Not only do Hinduism, here the story of the mission, its foun- Brahminism, Buddhism, Jainism, Mo- der, and work. No better example can hammedanism, Parseeism, and other be cited of the highest type of "social ethnic faiths flourish there, but there Christianity in the Orient"-a work are also innumerable sects and reform based on the regeneration of individuals, movements. In these valuable lectures, but reaching out for the transformafirst delivered in Hartford Theological tion of communities. This is one of Seminary, Mr. Farquhar has rendered a the important recent contributions to great service to Occidental students by missionary literature. his clear, comprehensive, and judicial study of these reform movements. After Missionary Crusaders. By Claud Field. a brief historical view of the last 85 Illustrated. 12mo. 221 pp. $1.00, net. years, he describes the "movements Fleming H. Revell Company. favoring serious reform"-such as the We have experimented by reading Brahmo Samaj, the Prarthana Samaj, the Parsee and Mohammedan reforms. parts of this book to a boy in the Then come the histories of the Arya eighth grade of a public school. The Samaj and other work in defense of the book held him as in a vise. The writer old faiths, and the many sectarian divides his work, not very consistently, movements in Hinduism and caste or- into three parts, "In Regions of Snow," "In Lands of the Sun," "In India and

ON MISSIONS AND MISSION LANDS

the East." We had thought of India as tribes of the Afghan frontier. There under the dominion of the sun, and had are humorous touches and exciting adnot been accustomed to class Massa- ventures' among "freebooters," interestchusetts with Greenland. ing camping trips in Kashmir, and he- roic deeds of self-sacrifice in the medi- With swiftness and vividness we are cal mission. Much of the narrative is shown pictures of missionary pioneers told in Dr. Pennell's own graphic style. from different times and conditions. The The book will be eagerly read by boys, first chapter deals with John Eliot and will capture their hearts for the igamong his Indians, studying their al- norant wild men and for the work of most impossible language, meeting and Christ among them. No better book conquering defeat. The sufferings of can be recommended for Sunday-school the Jesuit martyr, Father Jogues, are libraries. almost too luridly detailed for so brief a narrative. There follows a sketch of Judson, the Hero of Burma. By Jesse David Brainerd, whose strange life, Page, } .R.G.S. Illustrated. 12mo. 245 closing at 29 years of age, has been so pp. $1.00 net. Fleming H. Revell, 1914. influential throughout subsequent mis- The story of Judson's heroic life, his sionary history. The more familiar stories of Hans Egede and of Duncan of pioneer work in Burma, his imprison- Metlahkatlah are told again, and this is ment, his many other trials and hardwell. Weare tempted to forget that ships and successes, all is graphically boys and girls are growing up, who told. This biography has not the literary have never heard of the stories which finish and completeness of the biography thrilled us as children. of Edward Judson, nor the popular character of the small volume by Hull, There are other stories of Huc and but it is a graphic description with illus- Gabet, and their desperate adventures trations, that will appeal to many readin Tibet; of the Moravians in the for- ers. ests of Dutch Guiana, and of Vanderkemp, that strange figure of South Af- A Christian Hermit in Burma, and other rican missions. There are excellent Tales. By Various authors. Illustrated. snapshots of Moffat and Livingstone, 12mo. 85 pp. Is. S. P. G., London, 1915. of Schwartz of India, and of Adoniram An attractive group of stories that in- Judson, whose sufferings are effectively described terpret Christian missions in Burma and other mission lands. Some of The heroes of the "native" church, them-like that describing "What It fortunately, are not forgotten, short Means to Become a Christian"–offer chapters deal with the martyrs of good material for talks to young people. Madagascar and with Crowther, the African slave who became a bishop. NEW BOOKS The book deals with the exceptional Gleanings From Chinese Folklore. By rather than the typical, and is an Nellie N. Russell. With some of Her appetizer which, rightly administered, Stories of Life in China, to which are may induce a boy to feed upon the added Memorial Sketches of the Author solid food of missionary biography. from Associates and Friends. Compiled by Mary H. Porter. Illustrated. 12mo. A Hero of the Afghan Frontier. Dr. 169 pp. $1.00, net. Fleming H. Revell Pennell's life-for Boys. By A. M. Pen- Co., New Yark, 1915. nell. Illustrated. 12mo. 208 pp. $1.00, net. Revell Co., 1914. The Light on the Hill. A Romance of There are . few more fascinating the Southern Mountains. By Martha S. Gielow. Illustrated. 12mo. 250 pp. $1.00, stories than the adventures of this net. Fleming H. Revell Co., New York, medical missionary among the wild 1915.

Early Heroes of the Mission Field. Links in the Story of Missionary Work from the Earliest Ages to the Close of the Eighteenth Century. By the Right

Rev. W. Pakenham Walsh, D.D. IJ1us- Bvo. 418 pp. $1.50, net. Funk & Wagtrated. 12mo. 249 pp. 50 cents, net. nails Company, New York, 1915. Fleming H. Revell Company, 1915. Healing and Saving. The Life Story of Philip Rees, Methodist Missionary in In the Land of the Head-Hunters. By Edward S. Curtis. Illustrated. Bvo. 110 China. By W. Arthur Tatchell. 154 pp. pp. World Book Co., Yonkers, 1915. Is. 6d., net. Kelly, London, 1914. Missionary College Hymns. Arranged The Book-Method of Bible Study. By by Annie H. Small. vii-120 pp. 4s. 6d., Rev. William Evans, Ph., D.D. 12mo. net. Oliphant, Edinburgh, 1914. 127 pp. 50 cents, net. Bible Institute The Missionary Speaker and Reader. A Colportage Association, Chicago, 1915. collection of Recitations, Dialogs, Read- The Good News of a Spiritual Realm. ings, and Responsive Services. Edited by By Dwight Goddard. 12mo. 379 pp. $1.00. Dwight Goddard, Ann Arbor, W. E. Cule. 155 pp. is., net. Carey Mich., 1915. Press, London, 1914.

Roman Catholicism Analyzed. A Dis- Home Life in China. By Isaac Taylor passionate Examination of Romish Headland. Illustrated. 319 pp. lOs. 6d., Claims. By J. A. Phillips. Introduction net. Methuen, London, 1914. Movements in Judaism: Zionism. By by William Burt, D.D., LL.D. Bvo. 310 Richard J. H. Gottheil. Illustrated. 258 pp. $1.50, net. Fleming H. Revell Co., New York, 1915. pp. $1.50. Jewish Pub. Society of America, Philadelphia, 1914. The Negro Year Book for 1914-15. An A Congo Pathfinder. By Jo)m H. Weeks. Annual Encyclopedia of the Negro. 400 pp. 25 cents, net. Tuskegee Institute, Illustrated. 251 pp. 2s. 6d. R. T. S., Alabama, 1915. . London, 1914.

The American Indian in the United Japan's Message to America. Edited and States. Period 1850-1914. By Warren compiled by Naoichi Masaoka. Illus- trated. 262 pp. Tokyo, 1914. K. Moorehead, A.M. The Present Con- dition of the American Indian; his Politi- Letters from New Zealand. By H. W. cal History and Other Topics. A plea Harper. 357 pp. 3s. 6d., net. H. Rees, for Justice. Illustrated. Large 8vo. London, 1914. 440 pp. Andover Press, Andover, Mass., > 1915. With the Bible in Brazil. By F. C. Glass. Adventures in Faith. By C. J. Ober. 164 pp. 2s. 6d., net. Morgan & Scott, 16mo. 39 pp. Association Press, New London, 1914. York, 1915. Edward Bickersteth, Missionary Bishop Morocco the Piquant, or Life in Sunset in Japan. Prefaced by an Introductory Letter from His Grace the Archbishop Land. By George Edmund Holt. 16mo. of Canterbury, and by a Foreword by the 242 pp. 6s., net. Heinemann, London, Right Rev. Cecil H. Boutflower, Bishop in South Tokyo. 187 pp. y.1.00. Kyo- 1914. Travel and Politics in Armenia. By Noel bunkwan, Tokyo, 1914. Among the Lushans. By Herbert Ander- Buxton and Harold Buxton. 16mo. 271 pp. Smith, Elder & Co., London, 1914. son. IIIustrated. 43 pp. Is. Carey Press, London, 1914. PAMPHLETS The Australian Aboriginal and the Annual Reports of the Federal Council Christian Church. By Herbert Pitts. of the Churches of Christ in America Illustrated. 133 pp. 2s., net. S.P.c.K., for the Year 1914. 231 pp. National London, 1914. Offices, 105 East 22nd Street, New York, John Williams the Shipbuilder. By 1915. Basil Mathews. The Pathfinder Series. Illustrated. 298 pp. 2s., net. Oxford Statistical Tables Federated Missions University Press, London, 1915. in Korea. Compiled by F. K. Gamble. Black Tales for White Children. Trans- Printed by the Fukuin Printing Co., lated and arranged by Capt. C. H. Stigand and Mrs. Stigand. Illustrated. Yokohama, Japan, 1915. 200 pp. 5s., net, Constable, London, 1914. Lessons from the Life of George White- Children of Wild Australia. By Herbert Pitts. Illustrated. 90 pp. Is. 6d., net. field. By Rev. John Greenfield, M.A. Oliphant, Edinburgh, 1914. 58 pp. 25 cents, postpaid. A. O. Sturgis The Vital Forces of Christianity and & Co., Nazareth, Pa., 1915. Islam. A Collection of Papers by vari- The Beginnings of the Women's Depart- ous Authors. 3s. 6d., net. Oliphant, ment of the Canton Christian College. Anderson and Ferrier, Edinburg, 1915. 36 pp. Trustees of the Canton Chris- Through Unknown Nigeria. By John R. tian College, 156 Fifth Avenue, New York, 1915. Raphael. 12mo. 361 pp. T. Werner Vital Teachings of God's Word. Set Laurie, London, 1914. Essentials of English Speech and Liter- Forth in Bible Studies. By J. H. Todd. ature. By Frank H. Vizetelly, LL.D. 79 pp. 25 cents. Bible Institute Col- portage Association, Chicago, 1915. The End of the Law, or, Christ and Buddhism. By Rev. D. C. Gilmore, M.A., and Rev. J. F. Smith, B.A. 87 pp. Price As. 4. Association Press, Calcutta, In- dia, 1914.

The Missionary Review of the World — November 1914

to the

THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD, NOVEMBER, I9I4 SOME QUESTIONS ANSWERED IN THIS NUMBER PREPARED BY MRS. F. M. GILBERT, BROOKLYN, N. Y.

I. Where does a paper bag do the work of a tract? 2. Why did the African chief order the women to join the Chris- tians? 3. In the minds of Chinese thinkers what is the chief requirement of religion? 4. Seeking God by following the course of the sun, what did the Kongo natives find? 5. How near did the number of conversions come to the number prayed for by the evang-elistic committee? 6. Why did the South American say he would not wait to see the grain weighed? 7. Why is it difficult to count the Canadian Eskimo by families? 8. How did the chart affect the small boy's prayer? 9. As the Christian Endeavor secretary went to the war, what was his prayer? 10. How did the difference in motive affect the character of the early immigrations to California and to Oregon? I I. The centenary of what event is to be celebrated in New Zealand in December? 12. What unexpected invitation did the Persian official receive? 13. When the young man's mother looked through the keyhole, what did she see? 14. In what country are government officials giving lectures on the effects of alcohol? IS. Instead of a knife and a bottle, what does the Indian now carry home? r6. What was the score in the novel relay race? r7. In what publication are the achievements of missions celebrated in epic verse? 18. How m;my ceremonies have been necessary for the inauguration of Uganda's Christian king? 19. iVhat type of appeal won missionary volunteers at the English college? 20. When the Kopu Chinese came to the harvest festival, what book did they bring with them?

FALLS OF SNAKE RIVER

The river here is 1,000 feet wide and falls 210 feet MOUNT HOOD, OREGON, ONE OF THE GREAT PEAKS OF THE SIERRA NEVADA RANGE TYPICAL SCENES ON THE WESTERN AMERICAN FRONTIER

~y W

Vol. XXXVII, No. Il E D Old Senes NOVEMBER, 1914 Vol. XXVII. No. II New Series II SIGNS FTHETIMES i THE INFLUENCE OF THE WAR ON commerce received a staggering blow but it was for a time impossible to A MISSIONS send money to workers in India, Tur- LREADY the widespread distress key and other fields. In Turkey, caused by the fratricidal strife in horses. camels, and donkeys have been Europe is being felt throughout the taken for the army, and all men who world. The reports of the effect of the could do so have fled to cover to eswar on mlSSlOns, given on another cape being drafted. This has caused page, present only a faint idea of the the closing of mission presses and situation. other institutions. The West Africa Mission, which is in German territory, Naturally, the German missions are is shut off from communication with most deeply affected at present. The America and Europe, and South twenty-six Protestant societies sup- America is feeling the suppression of port over two thousand German and European trade. The Board has 9.000 native workers, in some. 3.500 been obliged to authorize missionstations and outstations, scattered in aries to sell mission property in various parts of China, in Japan, in India, Persia and elsewhere, in order Eastern, Western, and South Africa, to obtain funds for food, if necessary. in Turkey, Persia, Russia, India, Micronesia, Latin America, the East From Busrah, Turkish Arabia, Indies and Australasia. The workers comes a letter from a missionary, in these lands are now cut off from reporting unusual excitement among the homeland and are without money. Moslems on the eve of the feast of Some of the German colonies are al- Ramazan. Many open threats are ready captured and in others there is uttered against Christians, and disconflict with British, French, or Jap- astrous results are feared if Turkey anese forces. should enter the conflict.

The Presbyterian Board (U. S. A.) The brighter side of the European reports world-wide conditions un- struggle is in the sobering of muItiparalleled in history. Not only has The edjtor~ seek t(' pre~erve accuracy and to manifest the spirit of Christ in the pages of this REVIEW, but do not acknowledge responsibility for opinions exprest, nor for positions taken by con· tributors of signed articles in these pages.-EDITORS.

tudes as they face the realities of ruin awakenings have often taken place and death. There is also the op- in the darkest hours of history. In portunity offered for self-sacrifice times of distress men look to God and heroism, and for the exhibition of for help, and when earthly possesforbearance and the spirit of service .sions seem insecure Christians are and brotherly love even toward an often more ready to lay up treasure enemy. It is possible, too, that this in heaven. breaking of the war cloud may clear the atmosphere, so that the spirit of Surely there is no need to urge warfare may be laid low, neighbors upon Christians everywhere the duty may forget their petty quarrels and and privilege of earnest prayer to selfish rivalries, religious liberty may Almighty God that the Spirit of Christ be given a broader application, and may soon dominate the policies and common suffering may prove a bond plans of governments and peoples, of brotherhood. Already the Czar and that the war may not retard the has promised new privileges to the work of Christ, but may be over- Jews, and new liberties to Poland. ruled to open larger opportunities for A cablegram from Petrograd says the preaching and acceptance of the that Russian Methodists are helping Gospel of Christ. Christians in the wounded and there are new op- America and England and even in portumtles for the Gospel. The France and Germany should not be people of India have showed an un- so engrossed and disturbed by the expected spirit of loyalty to Great distress of the present strife that Britain, and the domestic strife in they neglect the eternal and spiritual Ireland and on the part of suffra- mission of the Church. Out of cirgists has been quieted-at least for cumstances of suffering and difficulthe present. It is difficult as yet t ties come the heroism and self-sacrisee the benefits that Germany and fice "vhich are so radically linked Austria will derive from the struggle with the advancement of the Kingin the event of their defeat, and years dom of Christ. must elapse before wounds will be healed, so that the spirit of brotherly Since the days of the Son of Man love shall prevail such as was mani- on earth and the hour of His crucifest at Edinburgh and in the Con- fixion, through the early persecutions tinuation Committee Conferences. The of Nero, the dark ages, the Refor- Protestant work in Germany is also mation and the pioneering days, the suffering greatly and in need of help. cause of Christ has always advanced A silver lining to the cloud of dis- in the face of difficulties. Let it be so tress in Germany may be seen in now. If ever there was need for the notable fact that a fund has been Christian missionary work it is tostarted in England to provide for the day. German, French, Dutch and Swiss missionaries who are temporarily des- NEW INTEREST IN SOUTH AMERICA titute. T HERE is, apparently, a world- Weare encouraged also by the fact that the greatest spiritual movement toward Latin-America that is increasing more and more rapidly. This is manifest in the realms of commerce and politics, in

OF THE

learning and religion. Here is one of Woman's Board of Missions of the the greatest neglected fields of Chris- Disciples of Christ has also recently tian missions in the world. The great appointed a special commission to masses of the people, while nominally study Latin America, to study the Catholic, are in reality irreligious. spiritual needs of these republics, to Buenos Aires, the third largest city seek and send missionaries to the on the American continent, has only field, and to spread information one church of any kind, Protestant, among people at home. Catholic, or Mohammedan, to every 20,000 people, and only one Protes- A SOUTH AMERICAN LEADERS' tant church to every 120,000. Physi- CONFERENCE cally, it is probably the finest organized city in the world, morally it "ONE of the most significant is most deplorable. gatherings ever held in Latin In Bolivia the Government has America," writes Rev. S. C. Inman, granted financial aid to the two "was recently held in Montevideo, schools for boys and young men con- Uruguay, under the auspices of the ducted by the Methodist Episcopal Young Men's Christian Associations Church, so that the missionaries have of South America. the opportunity of shaping the educational life of that entire republic, "Montevideo, as the capital of the and of profoundly affecting the wel- smallest of South American republics, fare of nearly three millions of escapes the jealousies connected with people. Buenos Aires, Rio de Janeiro, or Santiago, the capitals of the 'A B C' In Chile there is a growing appre- countries, and for this reason is a ciation of the mission schools and of popular convention city, and is the the Protestant efforts to reform the headquarters of the Continental Comvicious and lift up the illiterate. mittee of the Young Men's Chris- Leading school officials unite with the tian Association. It is called the best journalists of the large cities in Athens of the South, and is a literary their approval of the Protestant center.· Protestantism has gained an program. In Argentina and Uruguay excellent name in the community, and as full religious liberty is enjoyed as a number of prominent men of the exists in North America. All this city attend the Protestant services." promises a readier access to classes formerly almost inaccessible. The problems that face the mission work in South America are serious Evidences of the increasing mis- and a number of the secretaries of sionary interest in Latin America the Young Men's Christian Associaon the part of Christians in die tions met in conference concerning United States, are seen also in the them, with bishops of the Episcopal recent appointment of Rev. George and Methodist Church, the President P. Howard, a Methodist missionary of Mackenzie College, agents of the of Montevideo, Uruguay, to the Bible Societies, and well-known minsuperintendency of the work of the isters from eight different denomi- VVorld's Sunday-school Association nations. From beyond South America for South America. The Christian came Mr. E. Sautter, the General Secretary of the World's Committee

from Geneva, Mr. Gilbert Beaver, (illiterate) in Latin America must from New York, and the Rev. S. C. be acquainted with Latin culture and Inman from Mexico. literature, and a knowledge of French, besides the language of the people, I t was the first time that repre- is most desirable. The continued sentatives of the Evangelical forces emphasis of this idea was one of the of Uruguay, Argentina, and Chile, most valuable things of the conferhad met together in conference, and ence. It was well summed up by while the primary object was to dis- one secretary, who said: "When the cuss Association work, it developed Anglo-Saxon comes to see about into a study of the deep problems membership in the association, he faced in Latin America by Protes- asks to see your swimming-pool and tant Mission forces. Commissions your game privileges. When the had been appointed in advance to Latin comes in, he wants to see your investigate the following sUbjects; constitution and by-laws. It is the difference between the practical and 1. The basis of Active Membership the theoretical. in the Young Men's Christian Association. "This difference led to the Im- portance of the question as to 2. The character and form of re- whether the South American Assoligious education in the associations. ciations should apply only the church- membership test, considered by the 3. Publication of literature. Latin as sectarian, or would adopt 4. The kind of preparation needed the personal test, which to the inby workers in Latin America. dividualistic Latin is the only worthy 5. The Sunday question and the one. The decision was unanimous Association's program. that an Association might use either 6. Nork among University stu- of these tests which local conditions dents. seem to require." 7. Basis of formation of the South American Union. The Commission on Publication 8. Program of work for the next declared that: "It is the judgment of five years. the Commission that an International Each commission presented its find- Publishing House would be desirings and the entire discussion was able, and we look forward with keen carried on in Spanish and Portu·· anticipation to the Union Publishing guese. House being projected by the Com- "It seems of tremendous import- mittee on Cooperation for Latin ance," says Mr. Inman, "that all America, of the various Church mission workers, and those at home Boards, to which we pledge our corwho have the direction of the work dial support." in Latin America, realize to the fullest extent the differences between "The program of work for the next the North and South Americans, and five years," concludes :l1r. Inman, "is that the latter look to France and at once an inspiration and a chal- Latin Europe for their leadership in lenge to everyone interested in winliterature, philosophy, and material ning South America for Christ. aspect8 of life. Those who would influence any except the analfabetos

Among the plans are: The opening The Peruvians are also susceptible of new Associations in the four to religious appeals, and when Prot- capitals, Asuncion, Santiago, La Paz, estant misSions are no longer ham- and Lima, and in several commercial pered by priests and prohibitions centers like Rosario, Santos, Bahia, there is good reason to believe that and Para; buildings in all the cities, evangelical Christianity will be wel- where the associations are now in comed.

rented quarters; the naming of a Con- PRAYING AND WORKING IN INDIA tinental Secretary for religious work, one for Student work, one for T HE Commission on Aggressive Physical Education, and two men for Evangelism in India annually the International Review; a training- sets apart one month as a special school for secretaries. To carry out time for evangelistic effort. The these plans twenty new secretaries are work is continued throughout the needed, supported from abroad, and year, but a season of united prayer, forty secretaries should be found and combined evangelistic endeavor, and supported locally." an output of special literature, are particularly emphasized at this time. A larger Conference on Latin America is being planned for all mis- Bishop F. W. Warne of the Methosion workers in the field, to be held dist Episcopal Church, writes that in 1916, and for the purpose of study- this year they decided to pray for ing to win these twenty republics for ten thousand souls. It seemed a Christ. great request, being nearly double the number of any revival month in UNREST VERSUS LIBERTY IN PERU former years. But the pt'ayer was more than answered! And the re- BECAUSE of the disturbed con- markable thing is, that this signai ditions following the recent revo- achievement is not the result of special mass movements. There seems lution in Peru, Congress will prob- to have been a general forward moveably not act on the religious liberty ment. These figures are significant: measure immediately. "In that case," Baptisms, 10,230; meetings held, 20,- writes Mr. H. P. Archerd of Callao, 336; present at these meetings, 421,- "most of the work of last year will go 729; Bible portions sold, 23,101; for naught and we shall need to begin tracts distributed, 269,065; heathen our campaign all over again after the shrines torn down, 45 I; laymen who political readjustment." In any case, gave volunteer, days, I,705; total however, the effort for freedom of number of days given, 2,721. "Said worship will not be abandoned. The I not unto thee that if thou wouldest country is to be flooded with liter- believe thou shouldest see the glory ature on the subject. Laws granting of God?" full religious liberty may be delayed hut not given up. In spite of the A fanaticism in the country, there is a MASS MOVEMENT IN WEST AFRICA strong and progressive element, and N example of the mass movement since the country is constantly coming which is taking place toward into closer contact with North Amer- Christianity in parts of Nigeria is ica modern ideals are gaining ground. referred to by the Rev. J. D. Aitken.

of the Church Missionary Society, enough to support 25 evangelists out who was stationed in the Soba in the surrounding country, and still Country to the north of the For- have considerable to spare for making cados branch of the Niger. In less seats for the native churches which than a year he registered nearly have so far been put up free of cost 2,000 people who had thrown away by the natives.

their idols. In one town there were The church building has been once over 600 of these, and one of the enlarged and is again too small for chiefs ordered the women of his sec- the average Sunday attendance.

tion of the town to join the Chris- T tians, "that they might learn to love A CHINESE BOARD OF MISSIONS their neighbors instead of poisoning HE most encouraging evidence of them," and about 150 of the women vitality in a church or an indi- obeyed. vidual is the systematic effort to win The Niger Delta Church of the other men to Christ. It is a hopeful CM.S. now reports 6,513 baptized sign, therefore, that the native Epis- members and 1,548 communicants, copal Church in China appointed at !,894 Sunday scholars and 1,371 day its last General Synod meeting a scholars; 698 were baptized during committee on Church Extension.

the past year, and there were 3,784 This committee has just published a inquirers at its close. report, recommending that a Board The American Presbyterian Mis- of Missions be established, in order sion at Fulasi, also reports a won- to discharge more effectively the re- derful year. Rev. F. W. Neal writes sponsibility for mission work which that the station of Fulasi has been rests "upon every member of the opened only one year. It is a year Church, and upon the whole Church of the "right hand of the Most in its corporate capacity."

High." The first three months there It is proposed to have a general was an average attendance at church secretary, who shalI be a Chinese service of 636; and the last quarter clergyman, whose duty shall be to an average of 1,399. Total offerings disseminate information and create for the year, $675 gold. Confessions interest in the missionary work by of Christ at Fulasi, 1,307, and among correspondence and personal visita- the evangelists scattered over the field tion. It is also suggested that "the over twice as many more. There next General Synod inaugurate a were 685 advanced into the first year mission in one of the provinces not Catechumen Class, and 89 into the now occupied by the Chung Hua Church. At the January Communion Sheng Kung Hui, and choose a Chi- (1914), not included in the above, nese bishop to lead the mission." It there were 6,704 people counted at would be interesting if the first Chi- Fulasi, and 158 partook of the com- nese bishop were chosen as a "mis- munion; 68 adults and 16 children sionary bishop," thus representing the were baptized. aspiration of the national Church in The native Christians are giving China.

BA B AHATCTIIE HOTEL TRANSFORMED I NTO A RAILROAD Y. M. C. A

The Story of "Babahatchie"

BY J AMES D. BURTON, OAKDALE, 1ENN.

General Se~relary , Railroad Y. lIf. C. A., Oakdale, T enn., and Presiden t M organ County Sunday- School Associa ti on IB]. ABAHATCHIE has history in motion-pictures. Such had an unusual history. views would furnish to the world- The large hotel was some interesting and exciting scenes erected severai years from the life in these Southern High- .' ago in the mountains lands. of Tennessee by the Cincinnati Southern RR, th e only The location of the town is picmunicipal owned railroad In the tu resque. Mountains rise almost Un ited States, and its primary pur- perpendicularly on every side, so -that pose was to serve the employes of the ' trains from north and south this road. enter the village through tunn els. A few yards to the west of the Baba- The "Babahatchie" is no doubt hatchie building flows the Big Emory better known th an Oakdale, the town River, the Indian name of which was in which it is located, for it has given to the hotel and means "babmade more history, some good and bling waters." some evil, than all the oth er instittltions of the town combined. The Trains stop in front of "Babalife of the village of three thousand hatchie," and change crews. The population has centered here, so that narrow mountain gorge in which as goes "Babahatchie" so goes Oakdale lies leaves no room for the Oakdale. town to expand, so that there is little life here except that of the men who Almost every imaginable scene dri ft to "Babahatchie," and there characteristic of this region has been spend their "lay-over" time. enacted in or about the hotel premises and several thousand feet of By conservative estimates over film would be required to portray eight hundred visits are made daily even a portion of its interesting to the building. It is always crowded with men night and day. There is

never an hour when its halls are free road service lost their positions be- of men. They are gathered here cause of the evil habits formed under from all sections, and represent all these influences, and when they were classes. It is like Mark Twain's New unfit for duty because of dissipation England weather, "You can discover they' had to be disciplined by the about one hundred and twenty di'f- railroad company. In a good many ferent kinds of men here every cases, this took away the only sup- twenty minutes." port from a family of innocent ones.

"Babahatchie's" early history was Finally conditions became so bad anything but commendable. "For at that it became imperative to take the windows of my house I looked steps to save the men to a better through my casement," as Solomon life, and to render them more efficient would say, "and beheld young men in the hazardous work in which they void of understanding." On the were engaged.

mountain sides were open saloons, One day, about nine years ago, the and up to these places were well- former General Manager Garrett of beaten paths. Men were traveling the Cincinnati Southern was making morally in the wrong direction. Idle a trip over the road in a private car men would 'd'i4tt into town about the with the late President Spencer of time of railroad pay day, and enter the great Southern system and the into gambling games to fleece the conditions at "Babahatchie" were boys out of their money. Many a brought to the attention of the presi- young man, with a blush of shame, dent of the road.

would write to his mother or wi fe As a result an order was given to after drawing his pay, and would place "Babahatchie" under the direc- send some false excuse: "laid off," tion of the Railroad Department of "sick," "dull business," about his the Y.M.C.A. From this date for- inability to send any money home in ward (1905) "Babahatchie" was support of the family. converted and entered upon a new In the lobby and at the lunch career.

counter of "Babahatchie" were mid- A "new name" was given to the night carousals that were degrading place. A board was nailed over the and deadly. Especially just after main entrance, on which was printed "pay day," the men were often under in large gilt letters: "Railroad Depart- the influence of strong drink, and ment Y.M.CA." At the same time were quarrelsome, and hard to please. the person'nel of the management was There was no police protection, so also changed. Many did not grasp that the men did pretty much as the full meaning of the change at the they pleased. Arrests were seldom time; pessimistic people said that it made, altho pistols were frequently was useless to try to carryon re- displayed when men got into quarrels. ligious work in this place, and others These days have been compared with were ready to ridicule the idea.

the "wild west," and the traveling But house-cleaning was begun; the public, so far as possible, avoided building was renovated, the restaurant stopping here. service improved, and a home-like In those days many men in rail- appearance given to the building.

STORY OF "BABAHATCHlE"

Good books, magazines and daily and lobby have changed. Law and papers were placed on file in the new order now prevail. Visitors now reading-room. wonder how so many men can be assembled under one roof, and at the A new social atmosphere was also same time be so quiet and orderly as created; men were cultivated in a they are at "Babahatchie." personal way and gradually they have responded to the new environment. In the restaurant five to six hun- Later, Gospel meetings with singing dred meals and luncheons are served were provided. The work was car- to the men every twenty-four hours. ried on quietly, and without demon- and this department is the second TFrE V.M.C.A. SWIMMING-POOL IN THE BIG EMORY RIVER stration, but the results became mani- largest in North America. Several fest. The men became more quiet, hundred paper bags are used every and sober-minded, and learned to ap- day in putting up lunches for the men preciate the principles for which the who go out upon the road, and each Y.M.C.A. stands. Scoffers became one has printed on it a Gospel mesconvinced of the value of the work. sage. Vhile a conductor, engineer, The organization to-day has the co- fireman, or brakeman eats his meal operation of the best class of rail- on the road this Gospel message is road men in its efforts to conduct before his eyes, so that men read it "Babahatchie" on a high moral and who probably would not be interested religious plane. in a religious tract. Twelve thousand of these bags are used about every The scenes about the lunch counter

A CUSTOMARY SCENE ON THE PORCH OF THE ASSOCIATION BUILDING ninety days. Who can calculate the for many years of the successful influence of these silent little mes- operation of a great business-a corsengers to the men of the rail! poration and its employes taking a friendly hand in hand." Sleeping accommodations are provided for hundreds of railroad men, Many of the railroad employes and now at a low price they find testified to the great change that has good clean beds that are in great taken place at "Babahatchie." An contrast to the old days of "Baba- engineer said, "Long ago every hatchie." imaginable vice was carried on here. To-day, look at our Sunday-schools, In addition to the provisions made churches, and the Y.M.C.A. The for the physical comfort of the men Association has been instrumental' in there are other features worth while bringing about these improved conin the way ·of Bible classes, Gospel ditions." meetings, lectures, motion-pictures, and practical talks on life questions. A conductor remarked : "We see the good that the Y.M.C.1. has done At a recent banquet, held in the among us. A few years ago we had dining room of "Babahatchie," the no decent place to rest our weary room was beautifully decorated, and frames when in Oakdale. Now, all over one hundred guests gathered at is changed. We find nice, clean beds, the tables. Instead of revelry, rail- and good, wholesome food prepared road officials and employes sat side for us, and I want to thank those by side and the spirit of fellowship connected with it for the kindness prevailed. Rev. George R. Stuart, a they have shown to the railroad men. lecturer and evangelist, delivered one A number of us here to-night reof his famous lectures, and said in member the time of the reign of the his preliminary remarks, "I witness eighty cent quilt. It allowed all the here to-night what has been my ideal

STORY OF "BABAHATCHIE" 8r r

packing to slip down to either end , denomination in Oakdale, and a small, and just left for us the top and one room frame building served for the bottom for covering." all the religious interest of the town. A widow was trying to conduct a A two weeks revival service was little Sunday-school with about thirty held last September under a tent on scholars and little attention was being the lawn of "Babahatchie." There paid to church matters. There was were sixty-eight professions of faith preaching only when a minister could in Christ and thirty-four united with visit the town. The Y.M.CA. secrethe Oakdale churches at the close of taries began attending the little Sunthe meetings. A boy who was . con- day-school, and succeeded in stirring verted immediately began personal up interest in church work. This has work by pleading with his father , continued to grow and prosper until who not long after accepted Jesus to-day there are two resident minis- Christ as his personal Savior. He ters on the field, two large Sundayhad been a very wicked man, and the schools, with about three hundred boy had just returned from the west scholars enrolled, two young people's by beating his wayan a freight-train societies, and two church buildings. to Oakdale. All members of this More residents are now taking refamily were finally united in their sponsibility in the work of the Kinghome, and in Christ. dom.

A large community work has also Morgan County, ill which "Bababeen done outside the building. hatchie" is located, has become a When the Railroad Y.M.C.A. took Gold Star county in the Tennessee charge of "Babahatchie" in 1905, State ~unday-sch ool Association . there was no resident minister of any THE LAWN USED FOR MOVING PICT URES AND OUTDOOR ENTERTAINMENTS

This means a report, an offering, and extension work with its publications, a delegate to the convention, from and in other ways. It would be a every Sunday-school in the county. good investment for any individual or This is the third county in the State church to assume the support of a to reach this standard, and the work consecrated man to do work along has been directed largely by the in- the lines indicated. fluences of "Babahatchie." Truly, "Babahatchie" has been Through this extension work a transformed, and is letting her light conductor, who stops at "Baba· shine before the world, so that the hatchie," saw a vision of Christian good work is evident for miles service, and has driven and walked around. There are no more beaten for miles around in the mountains paths to open saloons. The vices in the interest of the Sunday-schools. common to Oakdale in its early his- He has helped to organize schools in tory have been reduced to a minineedy places, and has encouraged mum. People are realizing that some struggling schools to continue their good can come out of this railroad work. terminal. The men are saving more of their salaries, are making happier An extension worker could be used homes, and are rendering better serto advantage in this region along the vice to the corporation that hires lines pursued by the missionary work them. It is a wonderful transforof the American Sunday-school mation. A newspaper of this section Union. The national and inter- has this to say in an editorial: "The denominational character of the work .thus accomplished for our Society's operations make it well mountain people will live on after the adapted to the outlying districts of present personnel shall have passed the mountains. The Union has al- to their heavenly reward." ready rendered valuable service in the AT THE DAY AND NIGHT LUNCH COUNTER

America's L,ast Frontier: Its Situ-

ation and Its Appeal BY REV. C. A. WOODDY, D.D., PORTLAND, OREGON General Superintendent for the American Baptist Home Mission Society on the Pacific Slope, For thirty years in pastoral and mis..')ionary work in Oregon.

NATIVE American Park, Crater Lake, Colorado Canyon, never comes upon the and scores of other features of word "frontier" with- beauty and grandeur. out conscious pride. It hardly can escape The first European settlement was being true that his for- effected in 1769 by the Franciscan bears were frontiersmen here or Fathers at San Diego. American there. History and the heroic in settlement dates from the occupancy America are almost wholly asso- of Astoria by the American Fur Comciated with the stories and struggles pany in r8lO. The story of Angloof its frontiersmen. The Atlantic, Saxon occupancy may be dated from the Allegheny, the Missouri, the the arrival in r834 of missionaries to Western Slope of the continent, the Indians in the Oregon Country. locate American frontiers and the The first twenty-five years is the story scenes of American heroism and of the trapper, the next ten years the American heroic achievement. The story of missionary work in behalf story of the last of these frontiers IS of the Indians. Immigration began the story of the Pacific Slope. as early as 1842, and from 1842 to the present hour history is the story Some Features of the West of the immigrant, the pioneer, and the subjugation of America's last The "Pacific Slope" describes that geographical frontier. portion of the United States lying west of the crest of the Rockies, The early movements of immigraand in general contains eight states, tion to the two sections of this comprising 863,140 of the 3,6r6,484 region, were produced by widely square miles-that is to say, a little different causes. The Oregon less than one-fourth of the entire area Country was occupied by home seekof continental United States. His- ers, who came to acquire land and torically it includes two great sec- effect permanent residence. The tions: one sometimes called the Old California Country received its pri- Oregon Country, and the other made mary and large immigration inreup of the Mexican cession of r848, sponse to the appeal of the gold and about half of Gadsden's pur- mine. These early influences made chase of r853. The region is there- profound and permanent contribufore rich in historical incidents. The tion to character, attitude, and type scenery is the finest in- the United of life. States, embracing the great mountain peaks, the Yosemite, Yellowstone The growth of this region in popu- lation will illustrate its amazing general development in every line.

While the United States has In- (b) The in creasi ng ability to discreased in population at the rate of cover and use natural resources proabout 25 per cent. a decade for the ceeds by leaps and bounds. No other last seventy years, the Pacific Slope equal area in the United States for the last forty years has made an possesses such vast water power as average increase of 55 per cent. per the Pacific Slope. In many of the decade. If this region should main- rivers, the entire discharge of water tain its own rate of growth until the can be converted into electrical end of its second century of history energy, at scores of places in its -that is to say in the year 2oro-it course, without diminishing the volwould report a population of 200,- ume of water. The entire volume of 000,000. If it should average for the Snake River, for example, can the next nine decades the increase of be used probably a hundred times, population maintained by the United without interfering with any of the other uses of its water flow. FIRST PROTESTANT HOUSE OF WORS HIP IN CALI FORNIA (c) The amazing fertili ty of the Dedicated in August, 1849. T he lot cost $10,000 soil throughollt this whole region is and the h ouse $6,000. It was bllilt 01 s ha kes and con stantly confounding the wisdom sai l cloth whe n go ld was wo rth on ly about it s and experience of those who have profited therefrom. To these add we igh t in flou r. that other factor of an equable cli- mate, and th ere are seen the great States for the past seven decades, it sil ent, persistent forces, both of will have a population of 4 5 ,500,000. Nature and civilization, which wili Without attempting any prophecy, determine not alone the population of these possibilities warrant us in be- this great region, but in a large way lieving that by the time Astoria th e temper of its people, their virility, celebrates its second centenn ial, we and their exuberance. shaH have on the Western side of the Rockies full y one half as great The Planting of Religion a population as is now in the territory of the U nited States. A num- The establishing of religion in the ber of forces are working together expanding life of the American to promote, if not to intensify this people has had its story of frontiers increase of population. Some of no less striking and no less filled them are these: with heroic figures than those more material and visible. "Without this (a) Increasing facility of travel is mi ssionary work and spirit," said rendering the population of the vari- President Roosevelt, "the conquest ous countries more fluid, and there is of this continent would have had a consequent increasing tendency to- little but an animal side. Without it ward an equality in density. the pioneers' fierce and rude virtues and somber thoughts would have been left unlit by the flame of pure and living aspiration. Without it the life of this country would have been a life of inconceivably hard amI electronic file created by cafis .org

AMERICA'S LAST FRONTIER 8I5

barren materialism. Because of it, Indians; Congregationalists in 1836, deep beneath and through the na- for the same reason; Baptists m tional character, there runs that power of firm adherence to a lofty RtLAn<'C £JtHI8f7'$ ()F'THE (;HvIfr:n M£MtlCI/SHIP ,oW" NON MENB£R5HIP NrD Ir~ ideal upon which the safety of the ~TRllJI/T1?NIJYTI1£ -,rAn::.s JI/lMf;(J ~~OF71¥TUT.ll!. I'tI"KRTDr/M'Yllt..So ~£N nation will ultimately depend." __ M~=~"""":"":-",~s~"n-"- Taral Mernber5 The Pacific Slope region, perhaps _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ §~~~. even more than some of the older A_V_o_M~.r frontiers, early had the devoted lives and heroic service of pioneer mis- Non -memt>e.,-.5 sionaries. Indeed, here the missionanes came before the people, for 1844; Presbyterians in 1846; Episthey came under missionary im- copalians in 1851. pulses to bring the Gospel and its social and civilizing message to The actual denominational strength the Indians. Some of them, there- in this region for the current year is fore, were at hand, and immediately not available, but a fair estimate began their services among the first from the most recent official figures scattered settlements in the Oregon would show the Protestant strength Country. Missionary societies be- to be about as shown in tables below. came active, and missionaries were sent directly for work among those It is fair, therefore, to estimate whom they· tenderly regarded as that there are about 2,000,000 mem- "our people who have gone to that bers of Protestant churches in this far-off Vestern frontier." This was region, and it seems to me the numtrue in the Northwest. It was like- ber of ministers may be put down wise true in California. Mission- at about 9,000. aries were under appointment to San Francisco, before the discovery of gold had been announced in New England, and reached San Francisco in the early days of r849. To describe the matter denominationally, missionaries came into this frontier region about as follows: Methodists in 1834, primarily for work among S.-S.( Churches Ministers Members Property Members Methodists …………….. 1,450 1,500 150,000 $11,400,000 210,000 Presbyterians …………. . 1,000 750 90,000 … , …. Congregationalists . . . . . . .. .. 60,000 $5,000,000 ..1.0.0.,.0.0.0 …. . ……………… …… 600 …….. 75,000 5,600,000 Baptists .' ,- 800 80,000 Episcopa lians 430 1,350 …… .. … , …. .. 380 . …….

Less H,opeful Features will be one of our cities already I have purposely mentioned these founded. Our city problem, there- hopeful elements of the situation that fore, lies with the cities of the pres- they may be in mind while other ent, some of which are to be among facts are considered. There was a the great cities of the continent.

time when frontier lines in America During the twenty years ending in somewhat coincided with our parallels 1910 our ten chief cities showed net of longitude. That time is passing. gains of 167 per cent. City areas in Professor Paxson, of Michigan, has the same time increased probably declared, "The frontier left the map more than 400 per cent. The period in the latter years of the nineteenth since 1890 practically includes the century." The lines bounding the history of electric car transportation, frontiers of the twentieth century will and therefore the immense increase correspond more nearly to isotherms. of suburban areas in all American The present American frontier is cities. When this movement began, becoming a frontier within the fron- almost every congregation in these tier, and consists of types of destitu- Western cities was still occupying its tion and need. Notwithstanding all first meeting-house. These churches that I have said, it is true that there have faced not only the demand to are more people on the Pacific Slope meet this expanding urban territory, unreached by the gospel, and more but also have been heavily burdened actual religious destitution than at to provide adequate houses of wor- any time since the arrival of the first ship. Consequently the suburbs have missionaries, seventy-five years ago. outgrown the local ability to take To a description of these other ele- care of them. No denomination has ments of the situation, I must now been able to give adequate attention address myself. to this most promising opportunity Roman Catholic and Non-membership existing at the very doors of their Facts largest centers and of their strongest and' most zealous churches.

PERCENTAGES OF CHURCH ADHERENTS The following statement from one of the most aggressive and evan- Prot. R. C. Unchurched gelistic pastors of San Francisco not only discloses a fact of that city but Montana …. 8 23.8 68.2 is in part typical of much of our Arizona …. 6.3 20.7 73 city situations: California … 14.3 21.5 64.2 "The painful and deplorable factor in this entire report covering six Nevada ….. 7.6 23.6 68.8 Utah (88% Mormon?) 45.4 Washington ………………. 68.8 Oregon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74.7 Idaho . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60.7 United States as a whole …… 60.9 These figures tell a story, and carry years is the ceaseless and wholesale a most serious appeal. movement of my members from the The Situation in Cities city, and often from the oversight and knowledge of the church. The The Pacific Slope region has now total number of additions since the sufficiently developed its trend of fire in 1906 is 467. The total num- population so that its future centers ber of losses during the period is are known. The future metropolis 476. The figures reflect in a slight

AMERICA'S LAST

degree the peculiar difficulty which the school districts of Oregon had attaches to church work in San been tabulated, and that in this tabu- Francisco. The population is un- lation 617 out of 1,145 report that stable, and its flow is constant to an there is no church or Sunday-school extent quite extraordinary. Nor is within their limits. My knowledge there any promise of improvement, of the state, therefore, leads me to for the new San Francisco is becom- believe that fully one-half the school ing more and more a market place, districts within the state are without a commercial center, and pleasure any religious privileges within their ground; a city of hotels and flats and limits. In Northern California the apartments for housing transients. report covers 984 school districts, and The home builders are moving out in of those reporting, 31.5 per cent. a steady stream down the peninsula report the existence of churches, and or across the bay, where land is 32.3 per cent. the existence of Suncheaper, taxes lower, moral conditions day-schools within their limits, but better, and surroundings more con- of the whole number it is estimated ducive to home life. The dire fore- that fully 64 per cent. have no reboding of Dr. Charles Jefferson, of ligious activities within their limits at Broadway Tabernacle of New York, all. In the state of Washington. concerning that city, may become from which the last report has applicable to San Francisco within reached me, the report shows that 53 the next half century. This gateway per cent. of the school districts of the to the Orient may take on the char- state have no religious activity within acter of a foreign mission field. their limits of any kind. From present outlook it would appear that the downtown churches of San COMPARATIVE TABLE OF CHURCH MEMBER- Francisco within another generation will be unable to maintain their SHIP IN NORTHERN CALIFORNIA, WASHexistence without large endowment funds or their equivalent in mission- 1NGToN' 'AND THE UNITED STATES AS A ary appropriations. That day may be averted by large help for main- WHOLE. Cal. Wash. U.S. taining or to be used in maintaining a considerable staff of workers at the N on-church- 68.7% 60.9% present time." members ……. 62.9% 12.2 14.3 18.6 24.1 Surveys by Home Missions Council Roman Catholic … 21.5 Protestant …….. 14.3 0.5 .7 Under the general direction of the All others…. . . . . .. 1.3 Home Missions Council, a careful survey was made during 1912 of all the CHURCH ORGANIZATIONS IN NORTHERN states of the Pacific Slope, with some others. The unit of investigation was CALIFORNIA AND WASHINGTON. the organized school district. Uniform questions were used, and the N. Cal. Wash. returns are now becoming available. Methodist . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24.1 % 21.3% These reports show that about half Presbyterian …………. IL2 8.2 Protestant Episcopal…. . .. 7.7 4.0 Baptist ………………. 7.5 7.1 Congregational ……….. 7.4 6.9 Disciples ….. 5.6 6.1 Lutheran ………. 4.2 11.5 Adventist … 3.7 3.9 Other Ev. Prot. Bodies. . .. 5.7 1.1 Roman Catholic ………. 11.9 1.0 Other Organizations …… 11.0 3.9 Summary-North California Protestant ………………….. 77.10/0 Catholic …………………….. 11.9 All Other ………………….. 11.0 Summary-Washington Protestant ………………….. 85.7%.

Catholic ……………………. 9.7 All Other …………………… 4.6

Tabulations from the results of this short time. We have much to be thank- Home Mission Survey are sufficient ful for." Population 350. to alarm us by the fact that from 50 per cent. to 60 per cent. of the school "We have no use for your church or districts organized within this great parasite priests and preachers, or for any region of country have within their of your so-called Christian fads. We are limits no organized Church or Sun- trying to follow in the steps of the Naza- day-school through which to reach rene, by following out his gospel of the with the Gospel message the thou- brotherhood of man. To hell with your sands of children actually enrolled in questions. You mind your business, and these district schools. Probably more we'll mind ours." than twice as many adults also reside in these same fields, and this fact "The moral and religious standards are multiplies the alarming situation as extremely low. There are no churches, to religious destitution in the whole Sunday-schools, lodges, or improvement of this great 'Vestern region. clubs. Drunken men are often seen on the streets." Population 400. 'Within another year the results of this study will be available in printed "We don't have any church or Sunform, and a systematic and intelligent day-school at all now. We did try to program may then be formed for have a union Sunday-school, but the peoreaching this destitution in some ade- ple did not seem to care for it, so it stopt. quate way. It is a great task, and Population 350. will require not alone sacrificial surrender of money and time by the Literally hundreds of such reports churches already established in this were received in this study. region, but will also call for much cooperative contribution from the Types of Destitution general missionary organizations of the denominations represented. There are other types of destitu- tion which are widespread among A few quotations from replies to the permanent population. In the the questions sent out make the re- Pacific Slope region as a whole, are ligious need somewhat more vivid. multitudes of communities where pur- suits are carried forward that do "There are no churches in this district not invite the formation of permaand no church-members. Not one, save nent settlements. For the most part, the clerk, and he is a poor one." Popula- these may be grouped under such tion 76. heads as logging camps, mill towns, mining centers, and construction "There is not a church-member in the camps. The best statistics thus far district." Population 38. gathered show that in the five states of Washington, Oregon, California, "I know nine school districts near here Idaho, and lVfontana, there are 3,03 I that have no religious service nor Sunday- establishments engaged in lumbering school. Some of them never had a Sun- industries, and 2,085 corporations day-school. Many children are growing occupied with mining activities, o~ a up who do not know what church is. total of 5,116 of stich groups of men. Children of twelve and fifteen years have To these must, of course, be added never been in a Sunday-school." the smelting centers. The permanent number of such camps and groups, "We have no churches, no saloons, and therefore, is somewhere above 5,000 110 brothels. One follows the other in a for these five states, and, if to these be added similar groups in Utah,

Nevada, and Arizona, the number people than any other section of the will be brought above 6,000. No United States. This may be the case, figures are available as to the actual for it has not yet felt the direct tides number of men employed in these of immigrants such as have inundated industries for this entire group of the Atlantic States. What the result states. Figures gathered concerning may be when immigration begins to some of the states by the State move directly from Europe through Labor Commissioners warrant me in the Panama Canal to the Pacific estimating that there are 400,000 Coast, is, as yet, largely a matter of people in these communities. Not opinion or conj ecture. AU students more than two of our cities have so of the matter are agreed, however, large a population. Relatively speak- that there will be direct immigration, ing, this is the most needy and least- and that the number of foreigncared-for set of groups in this region, speaking peoples received as immiand constitutes an important, if not grants into this region will be very pathetic appeal. There are, perhaps, much increased over the movement fifty places of considerable import- of any year hitherto. But the present ance, which are becoming somewhat situation is more disquieting than is permanent settlements as smelter generally believed. During the last towns, where the population is num- decade in all of these states the bered by thousands, and, to a large average increase of the entire popuextent is made up of men. lation was about 7I per cent., 'but the percentage of growth of the There are certain features common foreign born or of foreign parentage to this whole group of communities, was 75 per cent., indicating that even such as: at the present time with all the handi- caps of transcontinental travel, our Instability of population. foreign population is increasing more High percentage of men. rapidly than the native born. The Owners or determining directorship of census reports also show that about the industries non-resident. 5I per cent. of the present popula- Abnormal weakness of all forms of or- tion is composed of foreign born ganized aggressive Christian work. and the children of foreign-born Large prominence of civilization's great- parents. It is evident, therefore, that est vices, namely, gambling, intemperance, this frontier feature will become more and prostitution. and more marked, and will demand increasing attention from religions For this whole class of communi- workers. Active work is already ties, no adequate plan has yet been being prosecuted by all the leading framed, and no concerted attack by denominations among these new the denominations represented in the Americans, and all the leading races Home Missions Council has appar- represented are having some attenently yet been conceived, still less tion. I f the whole problem can be made effective. Soine good work unitedly approached in this region, in being done discloses the inherent a fraternal and cooperative way by possibilities. the denominations already interested.

Our Foreign Brother It has been generally supposed that the Pacific Slope region is more largely composed of American-born

there is still the possibility that we received 43,824 members by letter. may prevent the coming of that sense that it had dismissed by letter 30,238; of inability over the churches, which and had lost by death and erasure seems to prevail in some sections of of the names of those whose resiour land. dence had become unknown, 15,265 other members. It will be seen that A Depressing Incident during this period this denomination had had a net loss in these ways of It will have been gathered from 1,679 members. Whatever net growth what has preceded, that the percent- had come to it during that period, age of our total popUlation gathered had been achieved through converts into Protestant churches is very con- brought in through confession and siderably smaller in these states than baptism. For some years to come, in the United States as a whole, and, this general feature must characterize therefore, relatively very much less current church history. than prevails in the older portions of the United States. It will also have Concluding Reflections been observed that the density of population in this whole region is not This region has been a mission only less than the United States as field from the first, and in a general a whole, but relatively very much way is still the largest mission field less than the density of the popula- of organized denominational work in tion East of the Mississippi River. America. I will not spend time to The missionary meaning of these two urge that it should continue to be facts is that the churches of this recognized as a mission-field. Both region are smaller in their average the presence and expenditure of namembership, are more widely re- tional missionary organizations in all moved from each other, and are more its parts declare this to be their conloosely and indefinitely related to each viction. N or need any time be taken other in common tasks, than in to argue the great and the increasing similar areas eastward. The relation importance of this Western quarter of this to the question of supervision of our nation. All that may be taken and administration and of efficient for granted, in view of what has alcooperation is at once evident. Not ready been said, and of much more only are churches removed from each that space forbids being said. If all other in general, but those of any that should be done, is to be done, particular denomination are even consideration should be given to the more widely scattered. following matters.

This leads to a curious and de- (a) The situation is urgent.· What pressing fact. It is often felt that is to be done ought to be done as churches in this region have made speedily as possible. Economy detheir gains largely by letters or mands great haste. The enormous transfer of membership from in- speed of material, educational, and coming additions to our popUlation. social development, demands that A study of one denomination made equal pace be kept in religious and two years ago revealed the fact that missionary undertakings. The rapid in the preceding ten years it had enlargement and possible potency in

AMERICA'S LAST FRONTIER

the relations of this. region to an their Local forces in this region, to increasing immigration, and to the secure and support leadership of this rapidly crystallizing formation of a type.

new civilization in lands beyond the (e) Missionary funds must con- sea, with which the Pacific Slope is tinue to be invested. Greater mobil- our nation's point of contact, call for ity in the sums to be invested is a increase of speed in prosecuting the necessary and prominent change missionary conquest on this Western· which needs to be appreciated more slope. Its impact abroad should be by national missionary organizations.

increasingly Christian. A single illustration will make the (b) The situation calls for still meaning clear. An irrigation dis- further minute investigation and trict opened by the government some– analysis. The work done by the times comprises a half-dozen town- Home Missions Council has disclosed sites, and land for three thousand the existence of unsuspected situa- homes. All this may be sold by tions and needs, but the full story auction within a fortnight, and a can be brought to light only by flood of population at once inundates further and more careful study. It that district. Money and workers is probable that the responsibility for to meet this situation should be suffi- this can be put and ought to be put ciently mobile to enable mISSIOn upon the organized work of national boards to rise to the occasion and denominations within each state. But deal with the situation adequately the matter will be more uniformly and immediately. Similar situations done, and more likely to be done, if at times develop in suburban addi- a representative of the Home Mis- tions to some of our largest cities.

sions Council could be kept in the The last word to be said about field for a time, to stimulate and this region, and about previous and direct this investigation. It is a case future investment of men and money, in which zeal, without knowledge, is is both historical and prophetic. It wasteful. has been justified and will 111- (c) Many of the tasks involved in creasingly be justified. The vigorous supplying religious instruction ought type of denominational and Christian to be cared for through federated life and efficiency existing here is effort. Many fields are such as to worth more than it has cost. From make local church organization im- this field the annual outgo of con- practicable, or at any rate slow and tributions in Christian lives and offer- greedy in absorbing missionary funds, ings for world evangelism already if undertaken. Here the gentle pres- represents even usurious rates of sure and brotherly suggestion of the interest on the missionary invest- various national boards might be ment. Ere long, the entire principal exerted to great profit, and with large will have been repaid, yet the income success. will persist and wiII continue to in- (d) Local leadership of great per- crease. The Pacific Slope is not only sonality and prophetic insight is of to be a garden of the Lord, but as tremendous importance, and national well a land of springs, whose flood boards might well cooperate with .shall fructify the whole world.

Awakenings at

and Abroad* BY REV. M. T. MORRILL, DAYTON, OHIO Secretary of the J'Iission Board of the Christian Church PIRITUAL awakenings tribes and peoples. It is easy to ISI may be thought of in trace the effects of the German Pie- different days. There tists through the Lutheran Church and the Moravian Church, and to see are the widespread re- how the impulse of a deepened spiri- . vivals in spiritual things such as char- tual life became responsible for mis- acterized the great revival of 1857- sions in other lands. Through the 58; or they may be more local. Moravians the awakening was com- There are the ordinary awakenings municated to England in the Wes- of the evangelistic campaigns and leyan revival, and this affected Amer- those that manifest themselves in ica in the preaching of Whitefield and such movements as that of the. Stu- others who had come under the dent Volunteers. Some spiritual Wesleyan influence. We can directly awakenings are characterized by in- trace to old England the awakening gatherings of new converts into the in New England, which grew out of church, and others by the quickened the fervid appeals of Jonathan Ed- zeal among nominal church members. wards, and from both countries its I f the awakenings are really spiritual effects to oriental lands through the effects are far-reaching and often missions and missionaries.

touching two or more continents. It would be possible to trace re- The progress of the Christian con- sults of the great awakening of r857- quest has ever been from land to 58 from America to other lands, but land. Christianity has necessarily the great Moody revivals in America first taken root in one land, and and England inter-acted on other gained sufficient spiritual vigor to lands and the Welsh revival of I904 propagate itself before it has spreall reached to India, thence spread to to another land. The same revivals Korea, and thence to China.

have frequently affected two or more In the more local awakenings, we lands, and in some cases the impulse are struck by the synchronous prayer- that caused an awakening was re-' meetings in Mt. Holyoke Seminary ceived from two or more lands. and the conversion of students in Centuries ago certain Christian Fidelia Fiske's school in Persia; and centers in France, Scotland, Ireland with the fact that when God's spirit and England were the centers also of aroused the students in Doshisha missionary activity, whence men were University in Japan many prayer- sent out to heathen and pagan lands meetings for that institution were on evangelical errands and converted being held in America. These are *From a paper prepared for the Conference of Foreign },.lission Boards at Garden City, N. Y.: January, 1912. but a few of many such facts that in foreign mission fields have at times might be mentioned. The Student operated to arouse churches. Wher- Volunteer Movement has signalized ever there is a deeply spiritual and spiritual awakening among students, venturesome Christianity planted in and is one of the most remarkable mission fields, we may logically expect general movements for enlarging the it to concern itself with the lethargic Kingdom of God that we have seen base of missions at home. . . . in America. The Evangelical Lutheran Church There is undoubtedly a definite still feels the missionary spirit that relationship between the spiritual was infused into it by the Pietists. a wakenings at home and abroad; The Board of Foreign Missions says spirit-filled men here may go abroad that not only the noteworthy work of and produce awakenings there; re- the Missouri Synod in South Amer- vival here may create revival there; ica, but other parts of the Lutheran prayer here produces effects there. missionary work would yield inspira- In other words, sufficient spiritual tion and give light on the question. energy may be generated at home to There are inspiring chapters in the send forth men and women who shall recent history of the United Presby- be used in quickening or awakening terian Church mISSIOn in India. interest abroad. The agency is quite Since 1895-96 there has been a re- visible, even tho the power be un- vival spirit, more or less intense, seen. Or such deep interest may prevalent up to the present time. grow here as will produce a multi- The movetnent in India has deeply tude of intercessors whose prayers affected the church in America, will be honored of God in bringing emphasizing the highest standards to pass the desired end there. of holiness and separation and the mmlstry of intercession. Certain Our missionarias believe that conferences of the United Presby- prayer at the home base is absolutelv terian missions in India and Egypt essential for success and real progre;s have also made a profound impres- in mission lands, and hence in mis- sion on the home church. .'. . sionaries' letters and addresses we have the never-ceasing importunities Evidently the history of many for prayers. foreign missions could be made to yield greater inspiration and richer It is freely asserted-that prayer is lessons than have already been ob- more powerful and efficacious than tained from that source. While the all other agencies; the invisible is church needs first of all to learn to more powerful than the visible. send the gospel everywhere because Experiences of individuals and groups the Lord wills it, yet it has a right in changing things by prayer have led to all the help it can get from the to the assumption that mass move- past or present triumphs of the ments in prayer for missions would Gospel. . generate such power that Christianity would gain remarkable triumphs in But a small part of the church has comparatively barren and refractory any definite idea of the inter-relation fields. between the spiritual conditions of the church at home and the church On the other hand the awakenings

in the foreign mission fields. It is an awakening? Can we infer from said that the level of the water in the facts obtainable that the missions the lakes of central New York rises might have been spiritually refreshed and falls with the rise and fall in the and enlarged if the church at home great lakes, and some authorities pre- had been spiritual enough and prayerdicate subterranean passages connect- ful enough? Then the remissness ing the bodies of water. Is it true should be laid heavily and persistently that there is a similar spiritual equi- on the church. It can scarcely be librium between our home churches denied that some missions and some and our foreign missions? sections of the native church need evangelistic zeal and actual revival It is safe to assert also that for thc experiences of the most thorough and most part the church does 11'0t yet continuous character. If the failure appreciate its definite prayer-respon- of the church at home is to blame sibility for its messengers to non- for the need abroad, then that fact Christian lands. If intercession is must be pointed out and demonreally the power we claim it to be, strated, and the church at home called then our greatest task lies before us repeatedly to a deeper cons::'cration in the home church. If out of the and a life of intercession. records of our foreign mission work we can show the vital connection The records of missionary enterbetween the work at home and prises illustrate conclusively that as abroad, and show how the success we really live or die at home, so do abroad depends on the spiritual con- they really live or die abroad; that dition at home <J,nd the volume of in- the most real element of life, which tercession at home, perhaps we can is deep spirituality, can only be had more easily quicken the church to its at home by sharing it abroad, and duty and privilege. this power will be experienced abroad as soon as we actually experience it What if many of our foreign mis- at home. sions never have seen anything like "Laborers Together With God"

By Lord p'1unkett, D.D. (Late Archbishop of Dublin) "Christ's will to learn-Christ's word to "Christ's will to learn-Christ's word to teach"- teach"- For childhood's holy cause to fight. o Lord, may this our watchword be! This be our task-not idle speech- What nobler destiny for each, Nat vain delay-fast comes the night! Than thus to live and work for Thee?

"Christ's will to learn-Christ's word to "Christ's will to learn-Christ's word to teach"- teach"- His Cross in view, His .Word in hand, To strive–nor lay our armor down! Up, fellow soldiers, mount the breach, Be this our warfare till we reach Be true to Church and Fatherland! The victor's goal, and win the crown!

EVIDENCE OF THE BENEFIC IAL EFFECTS OF CHRISTIAN

The Prospects of Christianity In China A CHINESE VIEW OF THE SITUATION BY DR. Y. Y. TSU, ST. JOHN'S UNIVERSITY, SHANGHAI INCE the Revolution o. f. nations directly and indirectly affect one another. Especially is this true mS 1911, the eyes of the in our time of modern transportation world have more than facilities. In the same way Christian ever focused their at- people of the West want to know tention upon our nation what is to be the religious future of and our affairs. The our nation, because whether we be- come Christian or remain as we have fact that any changes that take place been is a matter of momentous im- port not only to ourselves but also in China, whether in politics, in edu- to the rest of the world. It is the· writer's intention in this essay to cation, in customs, or in religion, present some facts and conditions concerning Christianity in China. affect the welfare and lives of four which according to his' judgment will supply correct and interesting data hundred millions of people, or on.;;. from which the reader can draw his fourth of the world's population, endows these changes with special human interest. People in western countries want to know what is to be the future of the Chinese nation be- c~use they understand the fact that

conclusion as to the progress and fusion, but we may confidently expect prospects of the Christian religion in that out of the dissolution a new our country. order of things will evolve.

Liberation of Thought and Religion By the provisional constitution of the Nanking Republican government Three years ago a great upheaval religious freedom has become a con- took place in this land which brought stitutional right of the people of the Manchu Court to capitulate its China. It has not only become a own abdication and to accept the offer state policy to preserve this right but of a state pension, and which secured also a living principle in the popular the emancipation of the Chinese mind. And so when a party of Con- people and gave them the right of fucianists attempt to influence the popular government. It is natural to government to raise Confucianism to call it a political event but to evaluate the status of state religion by the in- its importance by its political signifi- clusion of a clause to that effect in cance alone is to overlook its vast the new constitution instantly there intellectual influence which, like a arises opposition from all parts of the seismotic disturbance, has left deep country against the measure. Fol- traces and marks upon every side of lowers of both the Christian religion national life. In fact, it is not in- and the non-Christian religions, men correct to say that the greatest bless- of broad sympathies and intelligence, ing which the Revolution has con- Confucian, Christian, Buddhist, and ferred upon the nation is the libera- what not,-all oppose the establish- tion of thought. Before it, our ment of a state religion, not because highest authority in intellectual judg- they dislike Confucianism, but because ment was tradition and our philosophy a state religion is not conformable to of life was the belief that the old the spirit of republicanism. Both order of things was good enough. President Yuan Shi-kai and Vice- But with the breakdown of the old President Li Yuan-hung have exprest order, we have begun to see that the their opinion as opposed to the policy best is yet to be. We have become of raising one religion above the critical in our attitude toward existing others by the help of the law, and as institutions and have acquired uncon- in favor of freedom of conscience sciously the scientific temper of want- and belief. It is a fact of tremen- ing to know the wherefore of their dous significance that this new idea being. Religious beliefs, moral pre- of religious freedom should have so cepts, social theories as well as forms ingratiated itself in the public mind of government and methods of edu- as to become a mighty force, which cation have become subjects for even Confucianism can not shake or critical discussion and examination. compromise. Hence the rise of newspapers and periodicals, which enjoy wide circu- Some might ask, Is Confucianism lation. Old ideas, beliefs, and pre- loosing ground in China? Is its _cepts are thrown into solution, as it authority dissolving? Are the moral were, and for a time public morals teachings of Confucius less respected and beliefs are in a state of con- and obeyed by the people of China? In answer to these questions we can

PROSPECTS OF CHRISTIANITY IN

hardly say that there has been any desirable, that Confucianism should decline in the nation's regard for be discarded in order that Christi- Confucianism as an ethical system. anity might be adopted. As one In fact, Confucius is more conscien- well-known missionary has said, HIt tiously honored and esteemed to-day is not the rejection of Confucianism than ever before. But in a state of that is to be aimed at, but the far general moral and intellectual con- wider and more zealous preaching of fusion, which attends the liberation of Confucianism and a truer application thought, like heavy fog attending an of its moral teachings in everyday outburst of morning sunshine, Con- Ii fe that we must insist upon for the CHINESE LAYMEN'S MISSIONARY CONFERENCE AT KIANGSU ilembcrs of the ~merican Episcopal Church :Mission. Each banner represents a local band fucianism has suffered with other good of the nation. For the teachsystems, as far as popular practise is ings of Confucius and the teachings concerned. of Jesus are not contradictory but complementary. History has shown But this is very different from that Christianity has been enriched saying that Confucianism is dis·· and not endangered by contact with credited by our people, as some mis- the successive civilizations through sionaries seem to feel that they are which it has come down to our age. justified in saying. To discredit Con- If so, then, it should be a matter for fucianism is to discredit Chinese civil- confident expectation rather than misization, Chinese genius, and so the giving, that Christianity will be the Chinese nation itself. And this no gainer by contact with Confucianism Chinese has done or will do. And it and Chinese civilization." is not necessary, in fact it is un-

Unprejudiced Attitude Toward the unintelligent or the masses have Christianity no appreciation of right and wrong as abstract principles and no self- Mr. Wang Yung-bei, lately Com- control, ana so they must be cajoled missioner of Education for the Prov- or forced into right conduct and preince of Kiangsu, a Confucianist vented from wrong-doing by external scholar and non-Christian, and a authority, which is furnished by ~the sincere man who has thought things religIOUS doctrine of heaven and hell, out for himself, once said to a group or reward and punishment in the next of his Christian friends, "Formerly world." In more refined form the I made a distinction among religions test may be described in the words as native and foreign on account of of Thomas Nixon Carver, an Ameritheir origin. But now I am convincd can sociologist: "What is the best that such a distinction is false for religion? That is the best religion religions as such must be universal." which (I) acts most powerfully as a This statement means that the old spur to energy, and (2) directs that prejudiced attitude toward Christi- energy most productively. That is anity because of its foreign origin the most productive expenditure of no longer exists in the minds of the energy which gives the most life and educated people of China, and that supports it' most abundantly, which they are willing to receive the Chris- gives the largest control over the tian religion according to its intrinsic forces of nature and the most comworth. What a change of attitude plete dominion over the world, and for the better this means is fully which enables men to control whatunderstood by those who have lived ever environment happens to surthrough an earlier period when the round them and to live comfortably Christian religion was officially known in it." (Quotation from Carver's as the foreign religion and to be a "The Religion Worth Having," 1912, Christian was to be ridiculed as dis- pp. 12- 13.) loyal to one's nation and family! The need of the hour seems to The educated people of China, like push into the background any other Mr. Wang, are desirous of having a consideration of the meaning of reworthy religion for the nation.. In ligion. The essentially religious motive their search for such a religion they ideas such as, communion with God, apply a test, which may be described the human sense of dependence upon as the utilitarian standar:d. They want higher powers, the thirst of the soul a religion that can save the nation for the divine personality, and so from moral and physical degeneration. forth, are overshadowed by the That is the first and last requirement, demand for results. There is no "to save the nation." In a crude cause for alarm in this. The utiliform the test may be amplified some- tarian appreciation of religion usually what as follows: "The chief function comes first and before spiritual apof religion is disciplinary. The intel- preciation. The former generally ligent people or men of education leads to the latter. But when it does can be made to understand the prin- not, then there is danger ahead. We ciples of right and wrong and to need not be afraid of Christianity guide their conduct accordingly. But

being tested by the utilitarian stand- tized Christian in every four hundred ard, for as Professor Carver has of the population. But the ,~oral inpointed out, while many of the pagan fluence that this body of men and religions seem to perform the first women exercise among their· fellow function of religion-that is, as a spur to energy,-somewhat better countrymen is at least ten times its than Christianity, none of them has proportionate share. In other words, equaled Christianity in the second, the influence of the Christian comthat is, in the productiveness with munity in society is as if one out of which its energy has been directed. every forty of the population were a Christian believer. As proof of this CHINESE STUDENT VOLUNTEERS FOR THE CHRISTIAN MINISTRY These volunteers are from schools and colleges near Shanghai, gathered at the Kiangsu Summer Conference At the present time, Christianity is fact, we may cite the order of the gaining ground among our people not President's Cabinet in April of last only because it has a good theology year, calling upon all Christians in but especially because it is a religion the land to pray for the nation, and that shows practical results. As they commanding state officials to attend see the fruits, so they judge the tree. the Christian services. Very few people seem to believe that the order Moral Influence of Christians to observe April 27th as the National Prayer Day was a political move to In China we can not boast of a win the sympathy and favor of Chrislarge Christian church membership. tian nations. It is generally regarded Perhaps there is at most one ba1'-

as a sincere desire on the part of the public mind. Unlike evangelistic work nation's leaders to invoke divine help these educational agencies are not for the newly established government primarily concerned with the gaining of the country according to the way of church members, but with evan- of the Christians. Whatever our in- gelistic work they are almlllg at terpretation of the event, we must all the Christianization of society.

see that it was an unsought spon- Another powerful agency whereby taneous acknowledgment of the in- Christian ideas and ideals are dis- fluence of the Christians III the' seminated and realized among our country. It is not necessary for us people is the Young Men's Christian to reiterate the familiar proofs of Association and the Young Women's the same fact, such as the leading Christian Association. The Christian part which Christians play in fighting Associations include in their member- against national evils, opium-smoking, ship both church-members and non- concubinage, slavery, etc., and in Christians. They aim to build up movements that aim at positive ame- for the nation and for the Church lioration of society, as education, strong Christian manhood and .medical work, social services of womanhood in the complete sense of various kinds. the word. They have had a wonder- One of the ways whereby the Chris- ful career in the large cities and have tians exercise large moral influence is been the means of reaching many in educational institutions. It is un- young men and women anel leading disputed that there are no better them into the Christian life.

schools and colleges in the land than The Chinese Ministry and the Student Christian schools and colleges. They Voluntl!er Movement are superior to others not necessarily The native ministry is the crux in the excellence of their equipment of the missionary problem. Just as or their curriculum, altho it is gener- the training of the twelve disciples ally the case, but in their good dis- was the chief work of Christ on earth, cipline and influence upon the char- so the training of the native ministry acter of the students. According tq must be the chief work of the mis- latest statistics there are about eighty sionaries. As Mott said, if China is thousand students in Christian pri- ever reached for Christ, it will be mary schools and more than thirty- largely through the influence of the one thousand students in the institu- Chinese, because the native worker tions of higher grades. It is not knows the language of the people, difficult to interpret these numbers in their environment, customs and tradi- the term of Christian nurture upon tions, their successes and failures, as personal character, upon family life, no foreigner can. And so the native and upon social customs and ideals. ministry is the most important human Besides the schools and colleges, there factor for the establishment of the are other educational agencies such Christian Church in China. Mission- as Christian literature societies, tract aries sow the seeds of the Gospel, societies, mission presses, Christian but the watering of the plants and publications, which together wield a the reaping of the harvest must be large molding influence over the the work of natives.

PROSPECTS OF CHRISTIAK'ITY I~

But the difficult problem has been the past, (2) to enlist qualified young to secure a sufficient number of quali- men for the ministry, (3) to raise fied men for the ministry, and to hold the status of the ministry in public them in it. The calling is a new one mind, (4) to advance theological eduand so lacks the appealing power of cation, and (5) to encourage minisan old institution with its record of terial students to take the best prepfamous men in its ranks, ·as preachers, aration for their life-work. It is pastors and doctors of theology. 1110st gratifying that already there are Lack of appreciation of ministerial in the Christian ministry men of rework in the popular mind, the low cognized ability, education and consestatus of the ministry, and other un- cration, such as Rev. Cheng Chingfavorable conditions deter promising yi, Pastor Ting Li-mei, Rev. Lindel young men from selecting the min- Tsen, Rev. P. N. Tsu, and Rev. istry as their life-work. Moreover Bernard Tsen, who as living models other professions seem to offer to of what the native ministry should be men of ability greater opportunities are raising the ministerial standard for personal advancement and social and attracting young men of like recognition, and so men of this kind qualification to a favorable considerare attracted more by these profes- ation of the claims of the ministry. sions than by the ministry. Finally. lack of consecration on the part of The Chinese Church our educated Christian .yOl1l1g men is another serious cause to account for Exactly one hundred years ago the deficiency of men for the min- Robert Morrison, the great missionistry. In short, the ministerial prob- ary pioneer, baptized his first convert lem of the Christian Church in our in the person of Tsai A-ko. "At a country is the same problem that has spring of water, issuing from the confronted the Church in America foot of a lofty hill, by the seaside, for the last fifty years. away from hnman observation, I bap- tized him in the name of the Father, Recently conditions have improved. Son and Holy Ghost. . . . May he The Student Volunteer Movement for be the first fruits of a great harvest." the Ministry has been organized, "as These words were found in Mora spontaneous response to a specific rison's diary for 1814. To-day there and urgent need," as one missionary are 370,000 baptized members affiliput it. It derived its original impetus ated with Protestant churches. Elsefrom the evangelistic work of a where in this essay, we have atnative pastor, Mr. Ting Li-mei, tempted to show that the moral inamong the students of north China fluence of the Christians 111 our in 19IO, when over three hundred country is ten times their numerical students dedicated their lives for strength. The other characteristics Christian service. The movement has of the Chinese Church that are notesince then spread rapidly. The formal worthy are the desire for unity, coorganization was effected in 1912, operation and federation in large miswhen an executive committee was sionary undertakings, and self-propaappointed. The objects of the move- gation. We quote the findings of ment are (I) to conserve results of the 1913 China National Missionary

Conference on the Chinese Church in China and to present themselves, for their lucid statement of facts and in the face of the great mass of conditions and their true reflection of Chinese non-Christian people, as one the spirit of the Chinese Church: brotherhood with one common name, "This Conference prays with one this Conference suggests as the most accord for that unity of all Chris- suitable name for this purpose, tians for which our Lord Himself "Chung-hwa Ki-toh Kiao-hwe," or prayed, that the world may know and "The Christian Church in China."

receive Him as God the Son, the Savior of all mankind, and in accord- The Signs of Progress ance with this prayer, earnestly de- In conclusion, we re-state briefly sires the unity of the whole Church the facts and conditions which to of Christ in China. our mind show that Christianity has "This Conference rej oices that the made genuine progress in China and churches in China, for the most part, that' prospects of its future are bright have been organized as self-govern- and promising of greater acllieve- ing bodies, and believes that in ment. Of the signs of progress, respect of form and organization, there are (1), the establishment of they should have freedom to develop the Chinese Church; (2) the spirit in accord with the most natural ex- of unity and self-propagation; (3) pression of tqe spiritual instincts of the Student Volunteer Movement for Chinese Christians. At the same the Ministry; (4) the Christian edu- time it is essential for these churches cational work; (5) the moral in- to maintain cordial relations with the fluence of Christians. Concerning the churches of the West, that they may future of Christianity in China, there absorb every good influence which are besides the above-stated facts, those churches can impart. other favorable conditions, such as "In order that Christianity may ( I) Liberation of Chinese thought, appeal with force to the minds and hitherto tradition-bound; (2) the hearts of the Chinese people and win Constitutional right of freedom of their growing national consciousness conscience and belief; (3) Unpreju- for the service of Christ, it is of the diced attitude toward Christianity; utmost importance for the churches (4) Sincere search for a worthy re- to be so developed that the Chinese ligion for the nation. In short, large themselves may recognize them as opportunities are opening the way for having become truly native. Christianity to advance and possess "In order to do all that is possible the nation. May the Christian Church to manifest the unity which already have the strength to realize her mis- exists among all faithful Christians sion in China.

If a man love not the immigrant whom he hath seen, how shall he love the foreigner in other lands whom he hath not seen.-The American Home Missionary.

OF THE YOUNG PEOPLE'S SOCIETY AT TRES ARROYOS

In this group arc those who have Dutch, Swiss, Spanish, German, French, and Italian blood Evangelizing the Queen Province of Argentina BY REV. ROBERT F. ELDER, TRES ARROYOS, ARGENTINA Missionary of the Evangelical Union of South America I JI F Argentina holds pre- to put Great Britain and Ireland. ~ mier place a m 0 n g This province has 2,100,000 inhabit- 'South American re- ants, and its semi-cultivated and publics, Buenos Aires semi-developed plains of fertile soil ~ holds premier p I ace are capable of giving a living to among A r g e n tin e many millions more. Buenos Aires provinces. This province and the contains 42 per cent. of the culticity of the same name contain al- vated land of Argentina, and promost half of the 7,000,000 inhabit- duces half of the enormous cereal ants of the Republic, but the two crop, one-half of the sheep, oneare distinct political divisions. The third of the cattle, and one-third of city of Buenos Aires is the Federal the horses. Of the 2~MI3 kilocapital, with 1,250,000 inhabitants; meters of railways in the Republic, the province, with its separate pro- over one-third are laid on Buenos vincial government, includes an area Aires soil, and the rapid extension of into which it would be just possible the wisely planned network of rail-

ways has worked miracles. Impor- conservative in the extreme, subservtant cities and towns are now to be ient to clerical rule, and steeped in found where twenty-five years ago the superstitions of a degenerate Roall was open, untamed country. manism. In the newer towns, about There are towns of from I,OOO to 80 per cent. of the men and over 40 3,000, the growth of five to eight per cent. of the women are avowedyears, and new townships, which soon ly anti-clerical. For appearance sake grow into towns, come into being many still adhere to certain outward every year. The population of the ceremonies of the Roman Church, province has doubled in fifteen but others are bitter opponents of reyears, and altho this year it will re- ligion, and their hatred for the priests ceive a partial check owing to a finan- and scorn for religious ceremonies is cial crisis due chiefly to mad specu- unbounded. Between the two exlation and the failure of the harvest, tremes of the ignorant and supereverything indicates that when things stitious masses and the fanatical and return to normal it will continue its bitter anti-clericals, who often take steady growth. the form of agnosticism, atheism, or spiritism, we find another class that It is in this "Queen of the Ar- 15 being imbued with democratic gentine provinces" that the Evan- principles, and hence is naturally regelical Union of South America has volting against clerical dominance. established its principal work. From This class has begun to read, or, at the missionary standpoint, Buenos least, to listen to echoes of current Aires presents something ut11que. literature, and hence has ceased to Perhaps in no other country is there believe in the efficacy of mere rea more cosmopolitan population. The ligious ceremonies. Those who comonly truly successful and abiding pose it will still declare themselves work must be carried on in the Span- Roman Catholics, but they boldly ish language. Even the sons of for- avow that they do not believe in bapeigners, especially after the second tismal regeneration, or in the worgeneration, tho they may understand ship of images, which they consider the language of their grandparents, a relic of the dark ages; transubprefer the national language. stantiation they declare ridiculous; the confessional pernicious; the in- Buenos Aires is more liberal, more fallibility of the Pope unthinkable; enlightened, and more progressive indulgences an exploitation of suthan her sister provinces. While the perstitious ignorance; extreme unc- Roman Catholic Church is the State tion a useless ceremony; prayers for church, in Buenos Aires her influ- the dead inefficacious; purgatory nonence over the people is much less existent; sacerdotalism a curse to any than 111 the Northern provinces. land. They retain the religious in- There are old-established towns, stinct, for they believe in, and reverwithout local industries, half-dead ence, God-a distant, unknown Sucommercially, with a foundation' of preme Being. They believe in the the old "criollo" familes, who give the Christ of history, and mentally actone to the place, who, however quiesce in the principal Christian docamiable and hospitable they may' be, are devoid of initiative. They are

I914] EVANGELIZING THE QUEEN PROVINCE OF ARGENTINA

trines and moral precepts; yet they teaching of any sort except what they know nothing of a personal God pick up at the public houses where who is "nearer than hands or feet"; men congregate, and which tends of a personal Savior who ennobles only to make them despise all reand enriches the character as well ligion. This is what is actually comas saves them from their sins; nor ing to pass in the country districts. do they know anything of a vital The young men of the country, as practical religion which is of the well as many of the towns, are comheart, and reveals itself in conduct. ing to think that they have no souls, and, as a result, they live as tho they The sad story is that many of the had not. callous agnostics and blatant atheists have passed through that stage of In addition to the Roman Cathmental evolution, and some of them olics there are many thousands of might have been diverted from the Pro t est ant extraction scattered lowest and basest to the highest and throughout the country. A few weeks noblest if the Gospel of Jesus Christ ago a woman called at our house. had been presented to them in a sane She had a son, who was very ill, and illuminating way. Many such and who died shortly after. Her acknowledge that evangelicals teach mother was English and her father the truth, and some of them break Argentine. When I went to the old ties, and gladly turn to God. house the lady from whom she had Others listen and approve, but are so rented her room at once greeted me wedded to custom, and so fearful of as a Protestant, and spoke of having what people will say, that they stay tried to explain to the neighbors where they were. But they are about the customs of "our religion." thinking, and are at least arrested She said that her father was English in their mental drift toward a ma- and her mother Argentine, but she terialism which is more baneful in had scarcely ever attended a reits moral effects than the ignorant ligious service except when the Rosuperstitions which they have left. man Catholic priest had christened If this drift toward materialism is babies at whose birth she had been not arrested, and continues to ad- pr~sent, or had administered extreme vance as rapidly as during the last unction to some dying patient she ten years, the majority of the people was nursing. After the funeral I in the province of Buenos Aires will questioned the uncle of the boy conbe practically pagan in fifty years. cerning his. British parentage. A This is one of the strong arguments close friend who was present opened for preaching the Gospel boldly his eyes with wonder and said, "Why throughout this land. man, you did not tell me that before. I have British blood, also. My father Those who know what spiritual, was a Scotchman and my mother an moral, and intellectual strength has Argentine." Then he gave us as his been given to their nations by the name one of the most celebrated in farmers in Great Britain and Ameri- Scottish history. None of these ca will recognize the calamity it is could converse in English, but alI that the sons of the soil in Buenos were of Protestant extraction and Aires grow up devoid of religious

respected the Protestant religion. dred years ago the United States of With the exception of the mother of America had fewer people, and only the boy, who had attended Spanish a little over two centuries ago Great services in Buenos Aires, not one Britain could not boast of more. Tohad any real idea as to what the Bible day these two nations not only are teaches. They are only a step re- strong numerically, but exert a removed from Paganism. straining moral influence on other nations, and lead the way in the van- A few months ago we had a ser- guard of justice. They do this bevice at a country farm house where cause they possess thousands of truly the mother is a Dutch Protestant, Christian citizens, whose life is a and the father, now dead, was an protest against evil, and who form a Italian. A neighboring family came public conscience which revolts to the service, whose mother is also against all wrongdoing. Dutch and the father Spanish Basque. Not one of them would have Mexico is an example of how anything to do with Romanism. But political corruption and lack of pubwere it not for our presence here lic conscience in a nation may perthose families would have no op- turb the world's peace. If Argenportunity to receive religious instruc- tina advances without having a fountion. dation of moral principle, character, and conscience, it is possible for it These are but examples of many. to become a cesspool of moral cor- There are Danish, Dutch, German, ruption in the world, and a menace Russian, Swiss, French, Spanish, to other nations. Nothing can re- Italian, Syrian, and others of Prot- place the Gospel of Jesus Christ in estant ongm, who have spiritual the building of character and in the needs, and whose children need teach- creation of a national conscience. ing. If there were no Protestant Hence Argentina's leading province missions established here, the next needs Jesus Christ above every other generation of these people would be need, that it may lead the other provlost to evangelical Christianity. There inces to higher things, and to make should be a Protestant mission 1ll war on the graft and nepotism which every town in the province, if for no ruin the politics of the land, and other reason than to save the sons the moral degradation so prevalent of nominally Protestant immigrants to-day. If the present state of things from becoming entirely irreligious. develops at the same rate as the in- crease of population, with the same In Argentina we are building a new propelling forces behind, the outnation, of which Buenos Aires is a come in fifty years will be worse very important part, and which al- than the darkest dreams of any ready affects to a marked degree the chronic pessimist. If, on the other commercial life of the world. The hand, new moral and spiritual inday is coming when it will influence fluences can be set loose, new steadygreatly the political life also. N u- ing principles established, and new merically, Argentina may yet take its propelling forces directed, such as are place among the front-rank world the outcome of the application of the powers. It has the necessary extent of territory and resources. One hun-

I9I4] EVANGELIZING THE QUEEN PROVINCE OF ARGENTINA

Gospel of Jesus Christ to private and The results are wider reaching public life, this youthful nation may than any statistics of church-mem- not only send food for millions in bership would reveal. Altho we have Europe, but may react beneficially on no inclusive returns at hand, there the morality and the conduct of the are probably not more than 1,600 world. Are these dreams of an op- who are members of evangelical timist? Perhaps they are, but they churches or Salvation Army soldiers are dreams which every true Chris- in the province. Weare but at the tian should endeavor, to the point of beginnings of our work yet. There real sacrifice, to turn into facts. are many more people in the king- Some are striving to do this al- dom than are i n clu d e d in the ready, but the forces are entirely in- churches. Results there are that adequate. The Methodist Episcopal would gladden the heart of any Church has some eight centers with Christian. Here are some samples: settled missionaries, from which a A member of one of our churches, number of outstations are worked. who, when converted, was a compara- The Brethren have four or five cen- tively poor man, has since prospered ters and branch work. The Christian greatly, and has consecrated his and Missionary Alliance have two money to the Lord. He bore the centers from which they work in lion's share of the expense for the neighboring districts. The Salva- building of a church and manse for tion Army have several established the work in his town, and is at the centers of work and do itinerating. present time bearing the whole ex- The Southern Baptist Board have re- pense of a new schoolroom. In the cently taken over a work started same church is a young lady, who some years ago in La Plata by the was converted as a girl, just when Christian and Missionary Alliance. her clear, rich voice was making her There are a few independent work- popular in social circles, and who was ers, and the Evangelical Union has thus saved from countless moral s,even centers from which outstations perils. She has fully consecrated her are worked. voice and talents to the Lord, and is, Many of these missionaries are the likely to be taken on as a mission only preachers III Spanish III a worker. Her singing of the Gospel radius containing some 100,000 message has already been much blest.

people. Our district of Tres Ar- One of our earliest Sunday-school royos has 40,000 people, and around pupils was converted just when he it are four other districts containing was giving way to the temptations of together 62,000 people, with no other youth, and is now a successful help- resident Protestant missionary who er, working as colporteur and evan- preaches in Spanish. My helper and gelist. There is a neat little house I are the only preachers of the Gos- down one of our streets, and its pel in Spanish in a zone containing· owner declares it to be a monument 31,850 square kilometers, with a to the power of Christ to save a population of I02,OOO people. Our drunkard. That Spanish victim of nearest colleague, either to the north drink made his wretched home a hell or the· south, is IOO miles away. nine years ago. His wife says that

it is heaven now. Their home is of establishing a work in Juarez their own, built with what he would three years ago. The Juarez church previously have spent for drink. now pays its own expenses, and has Around the corner is a Dutchman left Tandil and Tres Arroyos free who could tell the same story. Last to start in other towns. From Juarez year one of our members was pro- one of the members will run a Sunmoted by his firm to take delivery of clay-school in a town some twentythe grain they bought. Many sellers seven miles away. are very suspicious of the weighing, and in some ca~cs not without reason. If strong young men and women One man G'.me to watch all his stuff in the homelands could only grip the weighed. When he saw our meober fact that here we are engaged in the weigh one or two lots, he asked, enthralling work of building a new '"Are you going to weigh it all?" nation, and that there is the proba- "Yes, . sir," was the answer. "Well, bility of their life and teaching being then, I am going. I have known translated into lives that will wield you for over five years, and I know wide influence in the country, and be what sort of man you are, so I am re-lived and re-taught in the yet unnot going to trouble any more." born generations, they would respond to our call for workers. We need At an outstation, Juarez, we have competent school-teachers. S tat e watched some of the Church mem- schools exist in every center, but the bers develop into some of the finest teaching is superficial, and the moral types of Christian we have ever met. atmosphere evil. The Government Altho it is not long since the work can not. supply the demand for was started there, no sooner did we schools. According to the Almaganize a church than the members naqUf? dr?l JYfensagero, "there are in took upon themselves the entire responsibility of the rent and other ex- the province 286,623 children of penses, and some of the young con- school age, of whom only 143,280 verts run successfully a Sunday- attend school." It is not our intention school with about forty children. One to attempt to meet that need, but we man, who is a builder, has promised urgently need schools for the chilto do all the bricklaying work free of dren of our congregations, for it will charge if we can provide him with be policy to give them a thorough the materials to build a church. education under Christian moral in: fluences. Strong, educated, and Our latest convert here is a charm- keenly spiritual missionaries are an ing girl, a daughter of Basques, who even greater need, perhaps; men with is a school-teacher, said by the prin- the evangelistic gift, and at the same cipal of the local normal school to be time capable of teaching and training the best student in Tres Arroyos. the intelligent young people we are And that sets us dreaming and see- raising in our Sunday-schools, and ing visions, for there are potentiali- shall yet produce in our schools. ties and possibilities in these young lives. Evangelically the day is still dark in . The Tandil and Tres Arroyos Buenos Aires, but that constitutes the churches united to pay the expenses loud call for Christ's true disciples to let their light shine here.

F. G. PENZOTTI. AND A GR(lUP OF AMERICAN BIBLE SOCIETY

..~The Bible In Latin America BY I'. G. PENZOTTI,* BUENOS AIRES, ARGENTINA Agent of the American Bible Society m_ Bible in the republics four million Bibles or portions. OR the past thirty-six paraiso. Only a few thousand copies ~ years, or since 1877, I of the Bible were in circulation. To- F have been preaching day the American Bible Society and circulating the alone has put in circulation almost of Uruguay, Paraguay, Forty years ago the doors seemed Brazil, Argentine Republic, Chile, impassable, some of our colporteurs Peru, Bolivia, Ecuador, Colombia, were giving up their lives either Venezuela, Panama, Costa Rica, through violence or through the Nicaragua, Honduras, San Salvador, fevers . Many times have I been Guatemala, Cuba, Jamaica, Mex;ico, at death's door, I have also been im- and other places. prisoned for the ,,yard and have My remembrance goes back to the endured great persecutions and many time when all the missionary work privations. But as the apostle Paul in this continent was represented by tells us: Our "labor is not in vain smatl groups of believers in Buenos in the Lord."

Aires, Montevideo, Rosario and Val- No pen can describe the effect pro- .. Mr. Pcnzolti has probably traveled more in South America tHan any other missionar y, and is better acquainted with missionary work than any other one man. Vhat he says, therefore, is of especial interest and importance.

duced by the circulation of the Bible effectual is opened unto me, and there and the preaching of the Gospel in are many adversaries." these countries. I have just returned from a seven months' trip, A quarter of a century ago the having visited several republics on Roman Church had limitless dominthe Pacific coast and bring with me ion in all Latin America, but their the conviction that all over the field system was mechanical and cerethe voice from Macedonia can be monial. Doubts and unbelief arose, heard, "Come and help us." Romanism was confused with Chris- tianism, and liberty with license. It is fifty years since the Ameri- Men began to look with contempt can Bible Society first started their on everything religious and conwork in South America. For the sidered religion an enemy to profirst twenty years they worked in gress. It is difficult to convince such Argentine and Uruguay only, but men that they are confusing form since r883 they have extended to with reality; but we nevertheless, Bolivia, Chile, and Peru, and in r886 meet persons of good judgment who to Brazil, Venezuela, Colombia and recognize the superiority of true Ecuador. When Mr. Milne and my- Christianity, and who have acknowlself began to work here the ways edged that the only hope for upliftof travel were so difficult and dan- ing these countries is in Protestant gerous that at times we were in evangelization. danger of losing our lives. A few months ago when I was in A fter thirty-six years of experi- Callao, Peru, some of the Roman ence in Latin America I find that clergy and fanatics went to the Prethe most practical way to begin mis- fect asking him to forbid us from sion work in new places is to send spreading our doctrines. The Preour men with the Bible in their fect answered them: "To forbid the hands to prepare the way. The col- spreading of such a good and moral" porteur carries the divine lamp in izing doctrine it is necessary to be a his hand, from town to town, and savage, and as I am not a savage, from house to house, and can enter· I will not forbid it." These words the homes where the voice of a have been said by _the first authority pastor ar missionary has never been of the principal port of the last heard. It frequently awakens interest, country in South America to grant and there are genuine conversions by the liberty of cult, which has just means of the colporteur. Conver- been obtained, and where we have sions are not infrequently due to the worked hard and suffered. simple reading of the Word. The work is difficult, but has the approval The doors are now open from and blessing of the Lord. Tierra del Fuego to Cuba, and we have the opportunity to enter. Rome, Latin America is rightly called the after four centuries of dominion, has "Continent of Opportunity," and it given evidence of her impotence would be a pity to lose that oppor- morally to uplift these countries. We tunity. We find, like St. Paul (r must show them that Protestant mis- Cor. r6: 9): "A great door and sions are not asking the people to change their religion, bnt are seeking

BIBLE IN LATIN

to show that that religion should owner of a small hotel finally: let me change them individually. We must have his dining-room, where a large show that our arms are not carnal number of men came, but not one for destruction, but spiritual for edi- lady. The next day as I took the fication. The people will then be small steamer to cross the lake of convinced of the superiority of Chris- Nicaragua on my way to Granada a tianism. lady of about sixty years of age came to speak to me. She was very ner- There has been in South America vous and frightened, and said to me: a strong prejudice against the United States. European merchants point to "Sir, do you think that the end of the American eagle as an invader. the world has come?" The Roman clergy also give the cry of alarm against "the dreadful Yan- "No, madam," I answered. "What kees," who send their Bibles and has happened?" missionaries from personal interests. Lately this spirit seems to be disap- "Have you not heard?" pearing, specially during the last few "No, I have heard nothing." years, because of the visit of such "Just think, sir, a Protestant preacher came here last night. Do YOIl men as Elihu Root, William J. Bryan, not think that the end of the world has come?" John Barrett, John R. Mott, and, "Did you go to hear this man?" lately, Theodore Roosevelt. "May God deliver me. W ere you present ?" I replied that I was there, The supreme need of these coun- and she said she had been told that tries is the glorious Gospel and to there was a large crowd of men, but make it possible that the day may that the women were all ready with come when in each house they will sticks and stones waiting outside to have the divine lamp, the Bible. kill him, the preacher. A French gentleman who was near, Money and foreign arms have de- listening to our conversation, said to veloped the natural resources of the her that this was not Christ's teachcountry, but they have not been ing; but in a low tone of voice she able to make this kind of antagonism said to me: of races, customs, languages, and re- "Yes, sir, we must kill the wolfs. ligions disappear. What men can Do you not think so?" not do the Bible is doing; it is the "Madam, perhaps you have been best diplomacy for conciliation with the foreigner of different nation- . wrongly informed about this gentlealities and creeds, bringing the people nearer to God their Creator. man." "Oh, no, I know very well what Some Instances is happening. I have been told that In Rivas, Nicaragua, while visiting he is coming on board of this from town to town and house to steamer, and I fear that we will go house, with the Bible in my hand to down." read and explain the contents to the people, and looking for a place where I opened my New Testament and I could hold public meetings I could tried to explain to her some passages. find no place to hold· them. The She listened attentively and with interest, and asked what book it was.

"The New Testament of Jesus with the door locked, and, of course, Christ." she thought it could be nothing good. At last she looked through the key- "What is the New Testament?" hole and we can imagine her surprize "It is what Christ and His apostles on seeing her two boys on their knees had taught." with their open Bible. The mother "That is why it is so beautiful; could not resist the impulse, and please read some more." knocking at the door asked what was As I read and explained, she was the meaning of this. Opening the door much interested, and at last she ex- to her they told her the whole truth: claimed, "Sir, you truly are a good Christian, but we must kill and burn "Now, mother," they said, "we that heretic." know that we have been bad sons to After we reached the other side you and have made you suffer a great of the lake she was so greatly imprest deal, but from now on we wish to that she begged me to come again be good boys, and to help you." The soon. Then the same French gentle- mother was so surprized that she man came up and said to her, "Why asked them where this place of wordid you speak like that to this gentle- ship was, for she wished to go to man, he is the same one who preached hear this religion which had changed last evening." her children so completely.· They "The same man! He seemed so took her to the next meeting. At the well educated!" next service she came with all her N ow we havy in this same town eight children. On their return home several groups of believers whose they took all their images of different souls belong to the Divine Shepherd. sizes and colors and made a great In Callao, Peru, there is a family of bonfire with them. vVhen the father ten, consisting of father, mother, and entered the house he was frightened eight children. The two older sons, to see the smoke, but only found his twenty and twenty-two, were given wife and children warming themselves over to sin and were a burden to with the fire from the images. For their parents. One evening they some years two of the boys have been were walking the streets looking for working as missionari~s, and one of adventures and happened to pass in the girls married a Protestant pastor. front of our chapel. When they heard the singing they came inside In spite of persecutions, privations to make fun of us. I spoke to them and prisons in the past, I rejoice to kindly but firmly, and they changed find rich fruits of the work of many their minds and seemed imprest by years. Boys that I used to take by the service. Both came to our next the hand and young men who were meeting and were regular in atten- on the wrong road are now coldance ever after. One evening when porteurs, others are teachers, pastors, we did not hold a service they re- engineers, managers of banks and mained at home and locked them- secretaries of the government-men selves in their r00!ll. Their mother, with good positions who give a good who had' lost all confidence in them, testimony to Christ by their lives-. wondered what they could be doing How true it is that "your labor is not in vain in the Lord."

Warid at

ALLIES NATION AREA POPULATION British Empire: 121,633 46,035,570 United Kingdom …….. . 120 235,063 Europe …………….. . 1,802,657 315,156,396 India ………………. . 166,834 8,709,533 6,551,513 Asia ……..•………… 3,191,773 Australia …………… . 2,135,147 37,990,222 4,010,914 10,096,863 Africa ……………… . America ……………. . 207,054 39,601,509 France: 4,538,543 40,986,243 Republic ……………. . 1,997,310 140,683,000 Dependencies ……….. . 6,294,119 27,236,800 Russia: 125,689 3,140,100 Europe …………….. . 11,373 7,571,387 Asia ……………….. . 909,654- 15,005,465 18,650 2,911,701 Finland …………….. . 260.738 52,985,423 Belgium ………………. . 5,603 516,000 Belgian Kongo ……… . Servia ……………….. . POPULATION Japan …..•……………. Montenegro ……………. .

THE OPPONENTS NATION AREA Germany .0 ••••••••••• 0.0.0 208,780 64,925,993 1,027,820 (White) Dependencies ••••• 0.0 •••• 24,389 241,491 (Native) Austria-Hungary ••••• 0.0 ••• 0 12,041,603 49,458,421 SYMPATHY OF NEUTRALS IMPARTIAL NEUTRALS With Ames With Germany United States Switzerland Italy Turkey Latin America Portugal Albania China Spain Persia? Denmark Holland Afghanistan? Norway Rumania? Sweden Bulgaria Siam Greece

WORLD AT WAR-ALL SHADED PORTIONS ARE INVOLVED IN THE PRESENT

Effects of the War

Missions REPORTS FROM VARIOUS BOARDS, SOCIETIES, AND MISSIONS ~T HE nations of the quietly. Many of the colporteurs, world are so closely however, are serving as soldiers.

linked together that if "As it is impossible to obtain sup- plies from Germany, we are printing "one member suffers all in this country a German Gospel and also a Gospel in diglot form with I the members suffer German and English in parallel col- umns." with it." The suffer- Rev. E. P. Sketchley, M.A., asing is all the more keen and more sistant secretary of the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel in constant because of the incessant war- Foreign Parts, writes: "So far as we know none of the society's work outring in our world-members between side Europe is suffering interference in consequence of the war. Vhen those who follow the usurping war was declared we were anxious for the safety of 122 chaplains on the "Prince of this world," and those who Continent. They are nearly all safe now, and there are only twenty-one are servants of God, the rightful about whom we are still anxious."

Ruler. The Rev. Cyril Bardsley, M.A., the honorary secretary of the CM.S., Practically every religious and states that the committee is greatly encouraged by the income received missionary organization is hampered during August, which is quite up to the average of past years. "Once and some are suffering because of more," he says, "our brethren at the front are nobly and promptly rethe war, but there is no need that the sponding to our message asking them to cut down their expenditure in work of God should permanently suf- every possible way. The supporters of the Society at home may be asfer. If men will but learn the les- sured that all expenditure, both in the field and at Salisbury Square, will be sons He is seeking to teach them, most rigorously limited so long as the work itself is not curtailed." great blessing may come from this In several of the missions of the murderous strife. Church Missionary Society the mis- sionaries are passing through a time The following are some of the re- ports of the British and American Mission Boards in reference to the difficulty of sending men and money to the field, the financial stringency at home, and the increased obstacles to the work abroad.

Reports from British Societies The Rev. John H. Ritson, M.A., secretary of the British and Foreign Bible Society, says: "We have not yet had any communication from our German or Austrian agencies, but we are in touch with all the other Continental agents, and in most countries our colportage work is proceeding

of considerable anxiety, chiefly "Our missionaries in Madagascar through lack of news, but there is no must be in great difficulty. They reason for fear as to their saIety. telegraphed three weeks ago that the Owing to the mobilization in the bank refused them money. Ve have Ottoman Empire and to the difficul- been able to send them 5,000 francs ties experienced, such as those of by Ranarivelo, the great merchant of obtaining money and cashing cheques, Tananarive, who is at this moment a C. M. S. agent has been dispatched in France, bu~ it is a very small sum, to Palestine to look after the interests and we ourselves are very short of of the missionaries, and to render money; because of the moratorium any special assistance that may be we can hardly draw any money out needed. In German East Africa the of the bank. Besides, our society isolation of the missionaries is com- was behind in funds when the war plete, and no communication with began, which suddenly stopt all rethem is at present possible. ceipts. We have had to ask all our missionaries to live as they can on The stations of the C.M.S. 111 the produce of the country, and not German East Africa extend over a to pay the evangelists and native line of some 250 miles, and are in teachers. It is a heartbreaking situtwo different countries, Ukaguru anel ation. I hope we shall be able to Llgogo, in which distinct languages send a small sum at the end of are spoken. In 1913 there were September, but it will only be a little. three stations in each country, but two stations have since been amal- "Some English friends who were gamated. There are over a dozen much concerned at the situation of missionaries with their wives still in our two South African missions in German East Africa. Basutoland and Rhodesia have fur- nished the money, and have asked A letter of greeting to the German the British Colonial Minister to inter- Baptist Missionary Society has been vene and to furnish food as soon as written by the foreign secretary of possible to our missionaries. But the British Baptist Missionary Society, nothing of the kind has been done and the missionaries in everyone of for the missions of the French colthe society's fields have been notified onies, and it is there they will suffer that in rendering any emergency especially, both on the Kongo and in service to members of Continental Madagascar. We are having to re- ITIlSlOnary soclettes they will be duce the allowance of our missionacting in full accordance with the aries on furlough, an allowance aldesire and purpose of the committee ready very insufficient, and also the and supporters of the Society at pensions a f retired missionaries and home. widows, which is almost cruel.

Continental Mislions "How much we must ask God that this terrible trial will not last Mr. F. H. Hawkins, LL.B., secre- too long. One asks if Europe could tary of the London Missionary So- endure it through the whole of next ciety, has given out the translation winter." of a letter from Paris written by an influential French Protestant. "For our French Church," states

EFFECTS OF THE WAR ON

a Vesleyan Methodist Society, "the church will be more disastrously war is a disaster of inestimable mag- affected than the Moravian Church.

nitude. Those stations in the south The Moravian Church is an organic will probably escape the worst hor- unity throughout the world, and its rors of' cpJlflict; but our people in missions are carried on by the Church the frontier town of Nancy are sure as a whole. Its Mission Board is to suffer terribly. It is as yet too composed of one American, one early to foresee how many of the Englishman, one German, and two other circuits may also be involved. chosen . from the Church at large.

At best, the war spells calamity for The central offices are in Herrnhut our work in France." in Saxony, in Germany.

Mo"re than 250 French Protestant "Hence it is cut off from direct clergymen have gone to the front communication with all its various with the French armies, and prac- fields, and especially from those in tically all of the German Methodist Africa. About 60 per cent. of the ministers in south Germany are with income of the Moravian Mission the German army. The Methodist Board has been derived from the Theological School at Frankfort has countries now at war, all of which is been closed, as nearly all the students jeopardized, so that it can readily be have been called to fight. seen into what a critical condition German missionaries are in a Moravian missions have been plunged.

seriotls position owing to the war, "In the Home provinces there are and facts are given illustrating the members of the Moravian Church in manner in which they are cut off the British, the German, the Austrian from their home base. and probably the Russian armies. No "In India," says Dr. David Downie, direct advices have been received "Germany has 400 Protestant mis- from the Austrian and Russian sionaries and in South Africa prob- .Moravians."

ably the same number. These are The Moravian Brethren in Eng- Moravians, Lutherans, Baptists and land desiring to express their firm Methodists, and their work is highly conviction that this awful war need esteemed by their English colleagues, not disrupt the churchly unity have with whom they cooperate in unity adopted the following minute: and amity. At present these 800 "This Synod of the British Prov- missionaries can not communicate ince of the Moravian Church sends with their headquarters nor can they hearty and. brotherly greetings to our obtain their usual remittances for Brethren of the German Province, their salaries and for the upkeep of mindful of the fact that hate can the missionary propaganda." not exist between members of the "It is too early to be able to fur- Body of Christ, nor war between nish definite and· accurate informa- members of the Brethren's Church.

tion in regard to the effect of the The President of Synod is requested European War on Moravian Mis- to forward this Resolution to the sions," says Dr. Paul de Schweinitz, 'Deutsche Unitats-Direktion' and of Bethlehem, Pa., "but it may well to the two Provinces in America and be questioned whether any other to the West Indies."

Work of American Societies ditions they were compelled to with- Dr. James L. Barton, Secretary of draw and have returned to America.

the American Board of Commission- Mr. Erickson is in Italy, hoping to ers for Foreign Missions, writes 'as get into Albania and continue the follows of the physical effects of the work laid down by Mr. Kennedy. So war on the missions of the American far as we can learn, the missions in Board: "As soon as England de- the Balkans have not been disturbed clared war the banking systems of the materially. The Bulgarian mission- world seemed to cease action, and aries have been able to secure funds from that day for a longer or shorter necessary for their support.

period in all the mission fields it was "One of the most trying situations practically impossible for the mission- in any of the missions of the Board aries to secure funds from the banks is that represented by the mission in for their own support or for the con- Austria, with headquarters in Prague.

duct of their work. Credits and bills No letters of credit or bills of ex- of exchange on London or on the change that they had were of any United States seemed to have no value, and, so far as we know, up to value. Missionaries in Turkey were the present time no money has pllt into straits from which at the reached them from Boston. A thou- end of September they had not been sand dollars was sent through the wholly relieved. United States Treasury for the sup- "The United States Ambassador at port of the two families in Prague.

Constantinople, Mr. Morgenthau, was, "Upon the outbreak of the war the able to secure from business firms sailings of all missionaries of the several thousand pounds Turkish. American Board to India, Ceylon, which he distributed to various insti- Africa, Turkey and the Balkans were tutions in Turkey, the American cancelled. The situation had so Board treasurer receiving £T.4000. changed by the end of September This money provided immediate re- that plans were completed for the lief. At the present time arrange- sending of missionaries to Africa, ments have been made so that through fndia and Ceylon by way of the business houses funds can be received Atlantic and the Mediterranean. All at Constantinople, but no way of sailings to Turkey have been in- transmitting these funds into the in- definitely postponed, for two reasons terior of Turkey has been discovered -one the uncertainty of what might up to the middle of September. All take place in the Grecian Sea bethe banks in the interior had ceased tween the time of the sailing of mispayments. Some of the missionaries sionaries from our Eastern coast and in the interior have been living on their arrival there, and because of the short rations. situation in Turkey, which made it "Mr. and Mrs. Kennedy remained uncertain as to whether it will be in Albania until it became impossible possible to continue the work in any for them to secure funds, from Con- normal condition this fall. Many stantinople or elsewhere, in exchange English have been sending women for their credits, either for themselves and children out of the country. The or for relief work. Under these con- State Department in Washington ad-

EFFECTS OF THE WAR ON

vises that under present conditions were detained for nearly a month in no more Americans should be sent Egypt, because the steamer was dis- into Turkey. continued in the middle of the voyage and because their express drafts "The work in Turkey has been could not be cashed. much interfered with by the mobiliz- ation which has been general. It Bishop Ferguson, of Liberia, re- was not certain, when the most re- ports that the missionaries were in cent letters were written, whether or great want. Finally arrangements not the schools would be able to open for exchange were made through the at the regular time, but the mission- Anglo-West African Bank. The aries were planning to open them, Standard Oil Company and other even with a greatly reduced teaching large business companies doing busistaff, in order to restore confidence ness in the East have also underin the minds of the people and to taken to cable remittance through hold things steady. It would produce their agents. For this purpose Mr. a spirit of consternation throughout E. Walter Roberts, Assistant Treas- Turkey if for any reason the Ameri- urer of the Protestant Episcopal can schools should fail to open at Board was appointed the representhe regular time. tative for all the boards.

"The new hospital of the American The demoralization of trans-Atlan- Board at Marsovan, Turkey, has tic passenger lines, and more parbeen taken possession of by the mili- ticularly the complete interruption of tary, which is also threatening to take international exchange, has thrown other buildings in Marsovan and upon the Presbyterian Board of Forother cities. Through the efforts of eign Missions in N ew York some of our Ambassador in Constantinople, the most puzzling problems with the authorities have agreed to with- which the secretaries and treasurer draw at an early date from the hos- have ever had to deal. The board pital. received a cable from the council of its missionaries In India saying: "In other countries there has been "Send no drafts. Can not get money little interference with the work, to except at exorbitant rates." The our knowledge. The work of the board's average remittances to India American Board under the German are $50,000 a month, and a high rate flag, in the Caroline Islands, may pass adds a prohibitive percentage. to the British flag. The island of )Jauru has already been taken pos- The desperate situation pertains to session of, and possibly the Marshall the West African field. All the ::-slands. That need not make any African stations, save one, are in difference with the work of the mis- German colonial territory, and they sion." have been dealt with ordinarily through a Berlin house correspond- The Domestic and Foreign Mis- ing with a German bank in Buea, sionary Society of the Protestant the capital of Kamerun. It is im- Episcopal Church reports that all new possible now to buy exchange on missionaries have now, after some Berlin, and it is probable that the delay, gone forward as usual. Two colonial bank would not cash the exmissionaries on the way to China

change at any rate, whether on Berlin was at times deafening. But we or any other European center. In never dreamed that the horror of the this condition great anxiety exists for reality of war would add terror to the African missionaries, lest they these maneuvers in our lifetime.

be reduced to privation through in- "The children were enjoying to the ability of the board to transmit them full the sea and mountains and the any funds whatever. companionship of other children after The receipts of the board have their winter alone on the compound.

thus far shown no diminution, under Then in a single night the whole depression due to war, and it is pro- aspect of life was changed. Germans foundly hoped that the sacrifice and in Tsing-tau were naturally excited enthusiasm of the supporters through- and the whole city was in commotion.

out the Church will prevent any loss Provisions were to be had only under of income. Government supervision, and prices The Presbyterian Board is watch- were advanced 50 per cent. The ing with keen attention every de- poor Chinese fled by the hundreds velopment and is prepared to meet from Tsing-tau, walking d~ys to any complication. A list has been reach interior villages at a safe sent to the State Department at distance."

Vashington, giving the names and Many new and furloughed mis..

addresses of its missionaries in sionaries were preparing to sail Africa, China, Jndia, Japan, Persia, during the late summer and early and Syria. Since China has become autumn, but all sailings from New involved careful information has been York VUl England or the Con- furnished to the Department con- tinent, were canceled, and sail- cerning the missionaries and prop- ings from the Pacific Coast were erty interests of the Board in Tsing- carried out only by steamers under tau. American registry. Members of the Mrs. Charles K. Roys, of the Pres- Indian missions, and who are needed byterian Mission in Shantung writes on the field, were permitted to sail for under date of August 21st: "Ve India 'via the Pacific, no women or have heard the wildest rumors of children to accompany them. Young Russia's advance upon the port she men under appointment to Inelia are has long coveted, of Japan's ap- permitted to go only in special cases.

proach, and of Germany's intention From the United 'Presbvterian to blow up the place rather than let Board comes the report: – Tsing-tau fall into the hands of the "Egypt is theoretically a part of enemy. Our little papier machC sum- the Turkish Empire and pays to mer cottage is located within a few Turkey an annual tribute of some hundred' yards of the German military $3,500,000. Yet the more vital factor practise ground, and for years past in her international relationships is we have heard and seen the man- the great British occupation. When euvers of German troops. Ten-inch the war broke out Egypt's neutrality guns sent their missiles whizzing was immediately and independently through the air over our heads; the declared. Great Britain's interest i;l shrapnel and gattling-gun practise the Suez Canal, as a necessary high-

EFFECTS OF THE WAR ON

way to India, is perhaps our greatest sionaries by the way of Lisbon. guaranty that British authority will Travel has not been seriously interpreserve order in the N ile Valley. rupted to our fields in China, Japan As goes Egypt, so goes the Sudan." and Korea, nor has our mission w9rk been interfered with except an occa- A letter from Egypt says: "It is sional delay in travel." said that there are 40,000 Indian regulars in camp at Alexandria, on From the Executive Committee of the Canal and at Abbasia. Noone Foreign Missions of the Presbyterian seems to apprehend the slightest Church in the United States (South) danger. As to an uprising, we do Dr. S. H. Chester, the secretary, not consider that there is as much sends this word: "I am thankful to danger to-day as there was at almost say that in actual receipts to date any time during the regime of Sir the European war has not begun to Elden Gorst. It is said that most tell on our finances; we even show Moslems are wishing the Germans a slight gain for the month of Septo win, but I take it that it is only tember over the corresponding month the unthinking ones, and the am- last year, and for the fiscal year our bitious characters that have been all receipts to date are still a few thoualong 'Nationalists' and hating the sand dollars in advance of those of English, because they want to rule last year. As a good deal of our (or ruin) the country themselves. missionary income is received from those living in the cotton section we "So far there is no reason to be can scarcely hope that we will not alarmed for the personal safety of suffer seriously later on from the inany of us. There does not seem to ability of the people in that section to be the slightest intimation of any command the means for making their native uprising. In fact, almost usual contributions; and that is the everything seems to point the other reason why we deem it necessary to way. The Egyptians generally seem exercise great caution and conservamore loyal to Great Britain now tism in sending out reinforcements, than ever before, for which we are and to husband our present resources all very thankful." in every possible way.

The Board of Missions of the "Ve have received no word from any of our missions indicating that Methodist Episcopal Church (South) their work has been in any way reports through the Secretary, Dr. hindered as yet as the result of the W. W. Pinson: war. As a cautionary measure we have cancelled the sailings of all new "The European war has had no missionaries to our Eastern fields and disturbing effects in the field occupied are retaining furloughed missionaries by our church, except those incident from those fields at home except in to banking transactions and the trans- a few cases." fer of funds. It was for some time difficult if not impossible to get either Rev. George Drach, Secretary of funds or supplies to our missionaries the Board of Foreign Missions of the in the Belgian Kongo, but by an ar- General Council of the Evangelical rangement with the Department of Lutheran Church in North America, State the difficulty was removed and we are now able to reach our mis-

reports: "The war in Europe has began. Two or three of our missiondelayed the sending out of our mis- aries have been delayed in sailing but sionaries to India over a month, but the way seems to be open now. We we now have completed arrangements have had no trouble in the matter of for their passage in November. We reaching our missionaries and sending have been able to send funds to our them their usual remittances." missions in India and Japan, but at a high rate of exchange. Weare ad- "We have not experienced any vlsmg economy, especially in the ill-effects of the war on our misdirection of building operations, not sions," writes Dr. Canon S. Gould, of only because we can not feel sure that the Church of England in Canada. our income will allow the normal ex- "Our receipts to-date are somewhat pansion of the work which would in advance of those of last year. otherwise be provided for, but also Beyond the withholding of reinforcebecause calls have reached us from ments for the present and instruc- German societies and mISSIOns of tions to our field authorities that German societies, asking for aid and they should exercise every economy relief, inasmuch as the German so- in administration, I do not anticipate cieties find it impossible to send funds that our board of management will or communications to their missions feel called upon to take any definite in British colonies, especiaIly India. action. We wish to be able to some extent to grant the aid requested. Weare "It is stiIl too early to know the about to issue a special appeal to all uitimate effects of the European war Lutheran churches in America for upon our missionary wmk," writes Dr. offerings to relieve the need of Ger- F. P. Haggard, of the American Bapman Lutheran missions in India and tist Foreign Missionary Society; "but elsewhere." I may note the following: (I) While there are many Baptists in the coun- Dr. L. B. vVolf, Secretary and tries of Europe we are related directly Treasurer of the Board of Foreign or indirectly only to those in France. Missions of the General Synod of the GerlIltlcmy, Sweden, Spain, Russia. Evangelical Lutheran Church in the Finland, Denmark and Norway, and United States of America writes: we contribute to the work in these "We contemplate sending out a party lands smaII sums, as compared with of seven missionaries, leaving New that appropriated to missions in non- York on October 2Ist, among whom Christian countries. It seems almost is my daughter, who goes out to take needless to add that Baptist work in up work as a medical missionary in the countries at war is absolutely deour hospital in South India. moralized. The churches are dis- organized, since the laymen and many "The war in Europe has affected of the pastors are at the front. Thus our work to some extent," says Dr. far we have no information of prop- A. McLean, of the Foreign Christian erty destroyed. Missionary Society. "A number of churches and individuals find it more "(2) The sending of new missiondifficult to contribute to the treasury aries has not yet been affected to any of the society than before the war degree. Our missionary parties are sailing without difficulty both east-

EFFECTS OF THE WAR ON

bound and westbound, and some of the must face the necessity for reliefmissionaries who sailed during the measures for the distrest represenearly part of the war have already tatives of the church in those lands. arrived at their destinations. The situation in Italy is only a little less serious than in the zone of hos-. " (3 ) We have not found any diffi- tilities. culty in the transmission of funds greater than that experienced by all In Africa the missionaries have commercial houses. The Standard Oil suffered great financial distress, par- Company has agreed to transmit the ticularly in North Africa, where the funds of missionary societies which stations in the French territories of find themselves unable to make the Algeria and Tunis found themselves usual arrangements. suddenly cut off from financial sup- port. It was with grea't difficulty that "(4) It is still too early to forecast the Board was able to transfer funds the effect of the war upon missionary to meet the situation. From the contributions at the home base. Our Belgian Kongo, and in Angola, Rhosituation at present may be described desia, and Portuguese East Africa as normal, being almost identical with come reports of disturbances of all that of a year ago." normal relations, and disquiet con- cerning ,the future. Liberia, tho out- The American Friends have mis- side the zone of actual danger, has sions in China, India, Africa and else- been hit as hard financially. where. Secretary Charles E. Tebbets reports that: "lVord has just Dr. George Heber Jones writes come from their missionaries in Brit- that the Board has, so far, been ish East A frica that they are under able to meet the new situations martial law, and that the government created. Bishop John L. Nuelsen, in is providing a place of refuge in case charge of the work in Europe. has of a native uprising. The natives are remained there toc'are for the varied much excited, but so far have shown interests of the church. The Re'. no hostilities to the missionaries." Ernest >V. Bysshe, superintendent of the mission in France, who had just The Methodist Board of Foreign come to America on furlough, re- Missions is responsible for a widely turned immediately, and is now extended work in the countries of studying the situation in Paris. The Europe now at war and in their colo- Rev. George A. Simons placed at the nial possessions. On the continent service of the Russian Government of Europe congregations are dis- the newly purchased Methodist proppersed, families broken up, churches erty in Petrograd, and it is now being vacated, schools empty, factories idle, used as a hospital for wounded solmarket-places deserted, and every- diers. The great Methodist hoswhere there is disquietude and dread. pitals of the Bethenian Verein, in Ministers and laymen have been Hamburg, Berlin, and Frankfort, called to bear arms in Germany, have done large service in caring for France, Russia, and Austria. The the German wounded; while two hunparalysis of industry renders it prac- dred nurses of the Nursing Sistertically impossible for the congrega- hood of the German Methodist tions to meet their obligations to their pastors, and the Methodist Board

Church are reported as having en- Christian peoples been so ready to tered the service of the government receive the Gospel. A transformafor hospital work. tion of startling magnitude is taking place. God is summoning His A Message to the Churches Church to mold the character of the coming life. It is unthinkable The Committee of Reference and that the Church should fail to reo Counsel, representing the Foreign spond. Missionary Societies of North America, has sent out a letter to the "While we do not underestimate churches which emphasizes especially the embarrassment which some busithe danger that whole nations will ness men are experiencing, there is misinterpret Christianity, and Im- no reason to anticipate that the agine that it IS represented by ability of the American people to armies and navies rather than by maintain their missionary work has peace and good-will. been or is likely to be seriously im- paired. Many of the missionary so- The Day of Prayer, appointed by cieties had their birth during a period President Wilson, was emphasized as of war. Several of the largest Britwas the request that Americans ob- ish societies were founded in the serve strict neutrality. "The churches period of the French Revolution amI should make clear the distinction the Napoleonic wars. The Baptist between the teachings of Christ and Missionary Society of Great Britain some of the characteristics of so- made some of its most notable adcalled modern civilization. A more vances during the Crimean and Boer persistent effort should be put forth wars. Some of the strongest soto make the spirit of Jesus leaven cieties in America were formed ill national as well as individual rela- war times. The foreign missionary tionships. Vital Christianity has not work of at least one of the churches failed, but men have failed to exem- in our Southern States was started plify it. in the darkest days of the American Civil War; and while the contribu- "FJmphasis should be laid upon tions to the northern mIsSIonary so- cieties feB off during the first years th.e .necessity of maintain ina.., the of the struggle, they regained their former standard before the war mIssIonary work of the churches at closed, and in some cases exceeded their full strength. Thousands of it. Without question, American American missionaries are in lands Christians of to-day can equal the which are directly or indirectlv devotion and self-sacrifice of Chris- tians of former days. No concession governed by the warring nation~. should be m~de to a spirit of retreat, but the Church should be confidently There is danger that absorption in expected to address itself with new questions developed by the war will vigor to the supreme necessities of lead to forgetfulness of the great the hour." work which the churches have been conducting. That work has been built up through a long series of years. Schools and hospitals on the foreign field can no more be closed at such a time than similar institutions at home. Never have non- ~~ DEPADTMENT J ~~./ ' " ' OF …………….. /~ BEST METHODS CONDUCTED BY BELLE M. BRAIN, COLLEGE HILL, SCHENECTADY, N. Y.

BEST METHODS FROM SUMMER CONFERENCES ~s…tAJIl~1 EPORTS from all the of such "best ideas of the best leaders" conferences and summer as could be brought together in tan- schools of missions tell gible shape to constitute an Efficiency of large attendance and Exhibit. The word efficiency may be a inspiring sessions. At bit overworked nowadays, but the each of these gatherings eagerness to attain the quality and practise of efficiency that animates so there is a constant interchange of large a number of even the humblest methods, and the eagerness with which workers, is one of the most encouraging delegates jot down in their ever-present signs of the times. At this' exhibit, notebooks new plans that might prove foreign costumes, curios, flags and all helpful in their home churches is one purely decorative features were ruled of the most encouraging features. The out, and only such things were displayed desire for better preparation for ser- as might easily be reproduced at home. vice is everywhere manifest. Don't Waste Time Hunting! "This is my first experience at a summer conference and I have found FILE YOUR LEAFLETS it delightful," said Mrs. H. G. Clark, missionary of the American Board to This sign greeted the visitor from a Japan, at a farewell service held by table on which were ordinary letter-file little group on the mountainside the boxes with gummed labels on the back last Sunday afternoon at Silver Bay. duly inscribed to show the range of "The thing that has imprest me most is contents. These had been adapted to that everybody here seems to be get- the filing of missionary leaflets, items ting to give." or pictures cut from periodicals. The special adaptation consisted of replacing The Best Methods editor brought the letters of the alphabet, which usually home a notebook full of helpful things designate the sheets which separate the from Silver Bay, and through the kind- box into various compartments', by writness of several delegates to Northfield ten slips bearing the names of missionshe has secured some of the best ary countries or subjects; e.g., A was methods outlined there. A few of these replaced by Africa; B by American are given here. Others will appear Indians; and so forth. from time to time during the coming year. This filing device and other things seen at the exhibit, like the wafer AN EFFICIENCY EXHIBIT butter-plates which grocers and house- wives find indispensable, but which only BY MISS EDITH THOMSON, RIDGEWOOD, one man was clever enough to patent NEW JERSEY and put on the market, seem so simple One feature of this year's Summer School for Women's Foreign Missionary Societies at Northfield was a collection as to hardly be worthy of such a place. notice. These stamping outfits are more Yet, as a rule, a classification of expensive at the start than pasted material on hand, or a filing system, is letters, but lettering done with them one of the last things adopted by leaders eliminates the danger of cracking or and makers of programs. Nothing tearing if the charts are to be packed saves more wear on the temper or and used many times. If purchased by brings more comfort and assurance than some society in the church, this miniaknowing where to put one's hand on ture "printing outfit" will prove a cona thing when it is wanted. Junior tinual source of helpfulness in new and leaders, especially, who save printed varied ways. pictures, maps, etc., will find such boxes, or (if more easily obtained) a set of Many of the designs on the cloth large manila envelopes, of great ser- charts were done in colored crayons, vIce. and the exhibitors gladly gave away the secret of their "no smutting" process. CHARTS and POSTERS have come to These colored crayons are much easier be almost necessary adjuncts of success- to handle than paint; but, as every body' ful missionary meetings, yet many per- knows, the slightest rubbing of a craysons hesitate to undertake them lest it oned surface causes blur. This IS require excessive labor, .artistic talent, wholly remedied if, when the picture is or both. This need not be the case. finished, the chart is laid face down Some of the most effective posters at and prest quickly with a moderately this exhibit relied for their art work on hot iron till the color comes through pictures that had been cut out and on the wrong side. This effectually pasted on cardboard or heavy paper. "fixes" the picture. But let the presser Some of the lettering was merely done take the precaution to cover the board with heavy pencil marks, the whole en- with paper or cloth of no value. Othertailing no expense and little effort. For wise she will find a duplicate of her the simplest charts, manila paper, cray- design where it is unwelcome! ons, ink, and a small paint brush constitute all the outfit necessary.* Another feature of the exhibit was the Missionary Tea Table with its The cloth charts at Northfield showed numerous small novelties and oddities considerable variety of lettering. Oll made to add attractiveness or the elemany of them, gummed and pasted ment of surprize to such items on the letters cut from patterns of letter-forms program as current events or the anoffered for sale by some of the swers to sets of questions. Among the Women's Boards, had been used, and it things on this table were pasteboard was suggested that children in bands or crackers (made to look real by rows shut-ins in the Home Department might of pin-pricks), with items pasted on prepare such letters in quantity to be the back; a dish of tempting paper ready when needed. On others, rubber- salad with slips bearing printed bits of stamp letters had been used (not information fastened to the leaves and stencils, which entail more labor). the mock slices of egg; and paper fire- These applied with the help of ruler crackers with items inside to be pulled and ink-pad form a simple mode of out by the string projecting in imitalettering ready for use at a moment's tion of a fuse.

4 "Miss Edith Thomson, the 'chart-maker: had The amusing or interesting invitation a bewildering display of charts at Northfield that cards shown had nearly all been actually were the desp,air of the audience," SrlYS one of the in use, and were loaned for the occadelegates. • How could any ordinary hand pro· sion. It was evident that some societies duce such extraordinary charts?" Yet many an had found blue-printing a satisfactory "ordinary hand" has done it, and many more can do it by fonowin …. NIiss Thomson's directions as herer given.-B. M. B.

OF BEST METHODS

way to reproduce a large number of Methods for children filled consider- invitations or announcements when it able space. It was interesting to see was desired to embellish them with how little villages'-African, Burmese, some artistic design. and Japanese-could be built up in fashion suggestive enough to children's A map traced from an atlas on thin eyes, out of pasteboard and colored cloth and stretched over flat, corrugated paper, ten-cent-store dolls and other inboard was dotted with tiny flags bear- expensive accessories. A suggestion for ing the names of great missionaries. hand:work to be done by children at This was pronounced "the best thing their meetings was found in the pretty here" by an enthusiastic Sunday-school Christmas ornaments-horns, stars, teacher who had lately been teaching crosses, flowers, gay Santas, and angels the graded lessons on missionary heroes, -to be used on the Christmas trees at and felt the need of such a device. the mission stations. These were cut from colored mounting-board, red pre- Even an idol shrine, the exhibit dominating, and in many cases decorproved, is capable of home manufacture. ated in gilt. In the dramatic scenes now so popular, an idol is often wanted but hard to Even the very little ones sent in get. A very good substitute can be their contribution-just simple textdevised by making a charcoal copy of cards, white squares brightened with a picture of some idol on a sheet of colored borders of kindergarten sewing, stiff cardboard, and bending the card- the center left blank for the missionary board in a backward curve at the base to write in some text of Scripture. to enable the figure to stand upright. Yet who knows but that such missives The Buddha, 28 inches high, shown in as these, made possible by little children the exhibit, was made in this fashion. a:ld bearing the Good News into re- It was enshrined. in a background of mote, unlikely corners, may not prove dark drapery and had incense sticks in the end to have been the most effec· and candles before it, together with tive method among them all? sticks topped with long streamers of colored paper, cut in fantastic shapes, CHARTS AND POSTERS AT like the paper prayers seen in Eastern NORTHFIEW temples. From a distance and in a somewhat dim light, it had almost the The importance of charts and posters effect of a large alabaster image. -things that appeal to the eye-was continually emphasized at Northfield. Samples of hand-work from the "We often hear of things going in one Woman's Board of the Reformed ear and out the other," said a delegate Church formed a notable exhibit in at one of the meetings, "but who ever themselves. There were bandages, work- heard of things going in one eye and bagS' (filled and unfilled), tiny dolls for out the other?" Another told the story Christmas trees in India, and garments of a small boy who, after seeing a chart for babies and adults cut from patterns which depicted the number of Chrisfurnished the Board by missionaries 0n tians and heathen in the world by means the field. Such things are especially of black and white circles, prayed: welcome for hospital and rescue work, "Dear Jesus, help me to be a man; and but the peculiar value of all such work when I become a man to make the black lies in the fact that many women in circle smaller and the white circle the home churches who can not give bigger." largely in money, are thus enabled to offer such gifts as they have-their time Perhaps the most striking of all the and the Jabor of their hands. many charts displayed was a drawing in black and white entitled, "In The

Grasp of Heathenism."* (See page 854.) Another striking chart was "The Some important truths were taught Hand that Rocks the Cradle Rules the World." Two hemispheres were picby means of statistical charts. Two of tured with a hand above each. Over these were as follows: the United States and Canada in the Western Hemisphere was a Christian Japan Leads the Orient mother's hand, shedding a beautiful But Whither? golden radiance; over the non-Chris- tian parts of the Eastern Hemisphere. 8,000 Students in Tokio University a heathen mother's hand cast a blac;{ 6,000 Agnostic shadow. In the sunshine were the 1,500 Atheistic words, "Rise, shine, for thy Light ;s 440 Uncertain come"; in the shadow, "To turn them 60 Christian from darkness to light."

A Comparison A very attractive poster, "l'HE MIS- In the United States SION KINDERGARTEN," designed by Miss 19,636,348 Children in School Thomson, would be equally effective for a Primary Department or for a class In India studying chapter IV. of "The Child in 12,281,000 Married Children the Midst." With the aid of pictures 481,000 Widowed Children between clipped from missionary magazines, and with gummed or Tubber-stamp letters, 5 and 15 it could be reproduced by almost any one. It was as follows: * Outlines of this chart and another called HBurdened Girlhood," drawn in pencil on cloth one yard square, can be supplied for 50 cents each by Miss B. F. Bennett, 106 Highwood Avenue Ridgewood, N. J. Anyone can follow the poocil lines with heavy marking crayon, or fill in color and letter them.

Picture of Kiltdergartm 1. This is the Mission Kindergarten.

I rJ,Chi:Jld~ -. 2. This is the child that went to the Mission Kill- I~ der.garten.

3. This is the mother won by the child That went to the Mission Kindergarten.

RFamily 4. This is the family hostile no more; Because of the mother won by the child That went to the Mission Kindergarten.

5. This is the street with neighbors galore, Street Who watched the family hostile no more, Because of the mother won by the child That went to the Mission Kindergarten.

Chapel 6. This is the chapel where gathers a throng Of people who listen to sermon and song, And come from the street of the neighbors galore, Who watched the family hostile no more, Because of the mother won by the child That went to the Mission Kindergarten.

AND LI FE DARKNf:65 ANt> DcA-1fti'

·SUFFER iHE LlTTt..E CH{LcDQeN ' . ,.'".r TO COME UNTO ME. AND FOQBiD THEM NOr" ~ "

LOVE CHRISTIAN HOME.5 PUBLIC SCHOOLS SUNDAY .5CHOOLS CHILD LlTERATUQE. PLAY GROUNDS . MOTHERS' CONGRE.55 CHILD LABOR LAW5 CHILD WELFARE -STUDY ADAPTED FROM A CHART DRAWN BY MISS THOMSON AND MISS BENNETT ADAPTED FROM A CHART DRAWN BY MISS THOMSON AND MISS BENNETT CHARTS USED TO ILLUSTRATE "THE CHILD IN THE MIDST" A Ctll LD SAVED IS A SOUL SA VE V PLUS A L,FE"

Preachers A CHART TO ILLUSTRATE "THE CHILD IN THE MIDST" Drawn by MiliS Thomson aoo Miss Bennett

OF BEST

"It wilJ be more interesting," says 2. The last scene 111 the Children's Miss Thomson, "If this chart can be Pageant given out of doors one afterput on a roller or be folded, so that noon was Mrs. Peabody's "Magic one picture can be shown after the Christmas Tree," dramatized. A large other in order-beginning with No. I." evergreen was decorated with colored balls, tinsel, and other ornaments, and THE MAGIC CHRISTMAS TREE placed in the center of the green Tho the Northfield Summer School "stage." Crowds of American children was held in July, "The Magic Christ- came running to it and danced around mas Tree" played an important part it in great glee. Then angels came alonJ three different lines as follows: and directed their attention to groups I. The welcome announcement was of heathen children scattered all around made that Mrs. Peabody's exC[uisite the grounds. The American children fable, "The Magic Christmas Tree," stopt their merry-making and after which appeared on the back cover of THE CHRISTMAS TREE PAGEANT AT NORTHFIELD E'veryland a few years ago, had been debating for a while, ran out to get reprinted in red and green and gold them. "There was real thrill in this in the form of a beauti ful Christmas last scene, when the privileged Amerifolder and could be had from any of can children ran out to bring back by the Women's Boards at ten cents a the hand each little pagan child to share copy, Missionary workers were urged in the glad festival of the Christ Child." to make large use of it as a Christmas greeting to their friends , and some one Here is something that could be suggested that the different delegates effectively used for the Christmas exerendeavor to have it on sale in the Ten cises of the Sunday-schooL The entire text of the Pageant is to be reprinted, Cent Stores in their own home towns.* but it will probably not be available for Christmas this year. But with a • Wholesale prices may be obtained by address· copy of Mrs, Peabody's… Christmas ing }.fiss M. H. Leavis, agent of the United Committeo on the Study of Foreign Missions, West Medford, Mass,

folder, anyone could work up the scene. has not been found by some wideawake 3. A Christmas chart designed by missionary worker.

Miss M. H. Leavis of West Medford, "At what hour should the meetings Mass., for use in her Sunday-school, be held ?" asked a delegate at the was also called by many delegates, "The Methods Hour one day at Northfield. Magic Christmas Tree." The idea was suggested by a story, and its purpose "In the evening," came the prompt waS' to show the comparative number response, "so we can have the young of children in the different missionary women who are engaged through the countries and the selfishness of the little day." Americans who do not share their Christmas trees with others. It con- "Very good," said another delegate; sisted of a large picture of a Christ- "but how about the mothers who can mas tree surrounded by Christmas seals not come out in the evening?" (the Santa Claus variety in common use), on the basis of one for every At the Silver Bay Conference of the 7,000,000 people. Siam had one; the Missionary Education Movement, which Philippines I; Korea 2; Japan 8; China was in session at the same time, Miss 60; India 46; Africa 18; Turkey 8; Louise Southwick of New York City Eastern Islands 5; total 149, represent·· told of a plan that offers a possible ir:.g more than 250,000,000 children. To solution of this problem. This was the this were added I3 seals and a tiny formation in the Church of the Inter- American flag for the American chil- cession (one of the Trinity Chapels dren. with a membership of about 3,000), of an evening session for business women Accompanying the chart waS' a dia- and others who can not attend meetings log made up from the story that had in the day time. suggested the whole, the parts of which were taken (in her own Sunday-school) The idea came to Miss Southwick by Miss Leavis and a small boy. As one day when a young woman, a teachthe dialog progressed, the seals for er, who was urged :to attend the each country, previously pasted to pieces meetings of the Woman's Auxiliary said of paper, were pinned to the chart. At that "if she came she would have to the close Mrs. Peabody's "Magic Christ- be terribly late, and perhaps could not mas Tree" was read as a fitting climax. make it at all." Wisely reasoning that if there was one who could not come This would make a fine number on there were probably others, Miss South· the Christmas program in the Sunday- wick went to the rector, the Rev. Milo school. The dialog is not in print, H. Gates, D.D., and unfolded to him but typewritten copies may be ordered her plan of an evening missionary meetfrom Miss Leavis at five cents each. ing for business women. He not only The chart can easily be made. gave his approval but took the trouble to make out a list of some thirty wOlpen EVENING MEETINGS FOR BUSINESS who would be eligible for an under- WOMEN taking, and sent a letter to each of them saying that such an organization With nearly a thousand women pres- was about to be formed, and giving ent at Northfield it seemed impossible it his hearty endorsement. When these always to agree as to the best methods, letters had been sent out to pave the especially as conditions in the home way, Miss Southwick followed them churches differ so widely. Yet there up with personal calls. About the are few problems for which a solution middle of January, I913, a meeting was called and the president of the Diocesan Society was invited to explain the work

OF BEST METHODS

of a Woman',s Auxiliary. All who were by the Domestic and Foreign Mission- willing to join, or who wished to have ary Society of the Protestant Episcopal notices of the meetings sent to them Church. The second is an executive were asked to place their names and session to which aU the officers must addresses on a paper that was passed go and to which the members are more around; officers were elected with Miss than welcome. All business is trans- Southwick as president; and a program acted at this meeting with the excepof work was mapped out. tion of an occasional vote on some important question. The third meeting From the beginning the Evening is devoted to social service and city Branch has prospered greatly. There mission work. were eighteen charter-members, but now the membership has grown to thirty-two, All funds collected by the Branch are As the members are exceptionally busy sent through authorized channels to women, the requirements for member- places where the members can not go ship are very slight, One college themselves. To supplement this, an woman, the principal of a private school effort is made at each social service on Riverside Drive, when asked to join, meeting to s'ecure volunteers to take up inquired "how little she could do ami some special form of city mission work. yet belong." When told that the one Thus at one meeting one of the memobligation was to pay her dues, she gave bers decided to join the "Big Sisters," her name at once. volunteering to act the part of a sister to some girl who had gone astray. In The Branch is affiliated with the this way she formed a link between the afternoon Auxiliary, and one feature society and this kind of Christian work. of the monthly program of each is a At another meeting a music teacher report of what has been done in the who is a member of the Evening other. During Lent the Evening Branch offered to play during the entire Branch sews in conjunction with the year for a settlement house connected Auxiliary. The ideal now is to form with the New York City Mission. a similar branch for men, the two tll unite for special programs. A MISSIONARY RELAY RACE At first but one meeting was helrl At Silver Bay the Misses Martha and each month, but during the past yeal Hilda Pratt, indefatigable workers in the number has been increased to three. the First Baptist Church, Bennington, At the first of these, the program is Vermont, told of an unusually succes~- along the line of the work undertaken THE· KING'S·BU5INESS· DEQUIOrs·tIASTE ENTIRE. 0 S[~W~([ FAITHFUL FCINOOTQNEESLIEGLCNIQCGAl:EHTNOETDME INTEQCE5S0QY ENTHUSIASTIC NATIVE CONCERTED YOUR REASONABLE ADAPTED FROM A CHART EXHIBITED AT NORTHFIELD

ful reading contest held in their Sun- shelf, red for the girls', these being the day-school last spring. They called it colors of the books. a "Reading Relay Race," and it was one feature of a Judson Jubilee Campaign The contest lasted six weeks. At the carried out by the Sunday-school and close it was found that the 'girls had Women's Missionary Society of the won, the score standing, boys 58, girls church. 98, total 156-a remarkable record for a school that has only about 300 mem- In this novel race the boys were bers. pitted against the girls, and it was agreed that at the close the losers Schools of other denominations may should entertain the winners. The books wish to use other books, but these two chosen were "Ann of Ava," by Ethel have the advantage of being quickly Daniels Hubbard, for the girls, and read, and of being exceedingly interest- ing. Tho the J udsons were Baptists "Judson the Pioneer," by J. Mervin they belong to all, and everyone should be familiar with the thrilling story of Hull, for the boys. Six copies of each their life and work. were purchased and a large chart representing two shelves of books, the upper SPLITTING UP THE TEXT-BOOK for the boys, the lower for the girls, The woman's text-book for this year, was hung before the school. "The Child in the Midst," makes a strong appeal to mothers and strenuous Reading Relay Race efforts are to be made to induce as Boys' Shelf many as possible to read or study it. At one of her conferences on Methods II III III II ffill for Junior Workers conducted each day at Northfield, Miss Nellie Prescott sug- Girls' Shelf gested a good plan for getting the book into the hands of women who can II I I I ! not be induced to join a reading circle 111111 – or a study class, and who claim they I have not even time to read the text- book. This is to buy a paper copy of As soon as a book was completed it it, separate it into individual chapters, was passed on to another reader as provide attractive covers tied on each quickly as' possible without waiting for chapter with ribbon, and paste a slip Sunday to come, so that it frequently of paper on the back with this request: happened that one copy of a book was "When you have read this, put your read two and (in a few cases) three initials and the date opposite your name times in one week. Each Sunday one and pass it on to the next one on the space for each book read during the list." week was filled in on the chart with Sent out by the Home Department colored crayons-green for the boys' or a special committee, many women can be induced in this way to read a single chapter if not the whole book.

The privilege of prayer is one of my most cherished possessions, because faith and experience alike convince me that God sees and answers, and His answers I never venture to criticize. It is only my part to ask. It is entirely His to give or withhold, as He knows is best. I f it were otherwise, I would not dare to pray at all. When I can neither see, nor hear, nor speak, stilI I can pray so that God call hear. When I finally pass through the valley of the shadow of death, I expect to pass through it in conversation with Him.-Dr. W. T. Grenfell,

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MISSIONADY NEWS LATIN AMERICA Romero. The children receive gratui- tously instruction, books, school sup- Slavery in Yucatan plies, needed clothing, shoes, medical A WRITER in the Christian Herald, who has lived fifteen years' in attendance and medicines, and many Yucatan, suggests that the conditions families of children receive food, peamong the Indians there might be ended if the United States Congress were to cuniary and other help, They are inprohibit the importation of the products of slave labor. He says that the native structed in trades and professions as Maya is the meekest and gentlest of all Mexican Indians; he is also held in well as in common school branches. The more cruel and hopeless bondage than the others. There are in the State of Bible is read daily without comment Yucatan some 150,000 Maya slaves, owned by about two hundred masters, and prayer is offered. Once a week who cultivate the sisal hemp, a product chiefly imported into this country. They the New .Testament is read with comgrow up under the baneful influence of lash, rum and a most un-Christian priest. ments. This has caused the opposition Under this triple system the Maya is fast going to an early grave, and some by .the Roman Catholic priests. About of them seek peace in self-inflicted death. As the Maya slave is disappear- 1,000 of the children are also enrolled ing fast, the planters import human cattle from other parts of the Mexican in Protestant Sunday-schools. republic. Twelve years ago, more than 12,000 Yaquis were shipped to Yucatan During thirteen years the schools and sold as slaves. To-day but a few hundred are alive, and these are as have enrolled 47,000 children, many of hopeless as the native Maya. whom have found employment secured The Philanthropic Schools of Palermo for them by the school workers. THESE schools were founded by Mr. 'Wm. C. Morris about fourteen No. of children who have received years ago. They were started for the clothing and shoes, which are poor children of the streets and have distributed twice a year …… 50,000 grown until they care for about 6,000 pupils a year. The cost is from $r20,- No. who have received medical 000 to $130,000 annually, and for a long attendance ……………….. 16,870 time this was raised by Mr. Morris personally. The Argentine Government No. of medical prescriptions filled 18,300 Poor children helped during their has voted a subsidy of $500 a month, convalescence …… ,………. 7,900 in spite of the opposition of Bishop Children for whom work has been obtained ……….. , ……. ,.. 2,500 Parents and relatives of the chil- dren for whom work has been obtained …………… , … ,.. 1,200 Abandoned children or small de- linquents detained by the police and for whom help has been given in the way of clothing and shoes during their deten- tion ………………. '…… 410 Prisoners helped during their de- tention and after being put at liberty …….. '…………… 140 Children who have received gra- tuitously everything necessary for their education ………… 4,200 Mr. Morris went out to Argentine as a Methodist missionary and after- ward joined the Anglican Church. He has uns-elfishly devoted all his energies to this work.

A Bolivian Inscription ippines. Two hundred and forty-six THERE is a strange inscription to be delegates registered, an increase of 132 read on the Bolivian grave of the over the previous year. These delegates pioneer missionary, Robert Lodge. T.aken represented sixteen different denomina- to a Roman Catholic hospital in Le Paz tions and were drawn from a wide on becoming seriously ill, he was con- area, covering sixteen States, Japan stantly approached by priests of that and the Philippine Islands.

faith, and was more and more urgently exhorted, as he grew weaker, to save his Home Mission Sunday-Schools A soul by entering the Church. When it NUMBER of summer schoob for the study of Home Missions were was seen that he must soon die, a group gathered in his room. Nuns in one COI'- conducted this year at various centers.

ner were praying to an image of the One of the best was the N'orthfield Con- Virgin; the Jesuit priest at the foot of ference, held in July. It was unusually the bed exhorted him; his coJIeague, Dr. ~mccessful, both in point of numbers an(t Jarrett, stood by awaiting the end. After in the interest and devotion manifested a long silence, during which his breath- "In Red Man's Land," the study book ing became slower and weaker, he sud- for the year, was taught by Miss Wood- denly sat up, and, looking straight at the berry, and the beautiful colored slides priest, made the final affirmation which and moving pictures of Indian lif~ now is written over this heretic's grave: shown by Dr. Dixon, of the Rodman "The blood of Jesus Christ cleanses us ¥anamaker expedition. Rev. Frank from all sin."-J. L. Jarrett, Colombia. Higgins presented his work among the.

NORTH AMERICA lumbermen, and addresses were given on the Italians and "The Loyal MOUll- ALaymen's Missionary Conference taineers." T the fourth summer conference of the Laymen's Missionary Movement. Evangelism by the Seaside held at Lake Geneva, Wisconsin (July OVER 200,000 people attended 29 to September 2), J. Campbell White the very successful meetings this reported that since the inception of the summer at Brighton Beach, N. Y., ill movement six years ago, the contribu- the open-air Gospel work conducted by tions of the churches to the missionary Mr. W. E. Stephens and his associates.

enterprise have more than doubled. Meetings were held on Saturdays and Still better things are expected, since Sundays from 5 to 7 p. M. Last year the men of to-day are better equipped I33.450 persons were reached.

to promote a program of more efficient The highest number of attendance missionary instruction in their churches. in anyone day was 16,625~n August The study groups at the "Lake Geneva 3ISt. These services consisted of sing- Conference discust immigration, the ing, Scripture reading and short Gos- New Home Missions, the Church of the pel talks directed to the passing throng.

Open Country, Mexico and the Call of The object was to reach the 110n- the World, and daily denominational churchgoers, and the conversions' re- meetings were followed by round table ported this year exceed last year's, amI conferences of all the groups meeting the influence of these meetings has ex- together to compare notes and discuss tended all over Brooklyn and to dis· methods. tant parts.

Vesper services were held .on t1~e Jake Occasionally a gospel bell-ringer front, addrest by missionary workers and a cornetist assisted, but the music from Japan, India, Africa and thel'hil- for the most part was simple Gospel

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singing by a large chorus on the plat- Baltimore, and it is thought by mem- form, led by soloists. bers of the Washington colony that those in authority will heed their re- The work was supported by the free- quest and grant the requisite funds. will offerings of Christians. "How to reach the masses" is a problem which Work for Chinese and Japanese seems to be solved by the Open-Air Gospel services. "How to reach the WITH the largest Chines-e popula- masses" is to go to the masses. tion of any American city, San Prohibition Progress Francisco is naturally the center of Chi- nese missionary work, with I I missions. NINE States have already adopted Fine buildings have been erected for the State-wide prohibition. Of the work of the Baptist, Congregational, other thirty-nine States so much terri- Episcopalian, Methodist and Presbyterian tory is "dry" that more than 47,000,000 missions._ The cities across the bay from of our population are now living under San Francisco, Oakland, Alameda and prohibition, the saloonless area of the Berkeley, have II missions, carried on United States being 7I per cent. by 7 denominations, twice as many in of the entire country. At the proportion to the population as in San present time five States, Washington, Francisco, but with much less equipment – Oregon, California, Colorado, and Vir- for the work. Los Angeles recently had ginia, are engaged in campaigns for 8 Chinese missions carried on by 6 de- State-wide prohibition next November. nominations, Sacramento 4, Seattle 2. -Two others, Idaho and Arizona, are planning for like campaigns. Iowa, The great centers of Japanese popula- Texas, Utah, and Florida are working tion on the Pacific Coast are Los An- to secure State-wide prohibition next geles, San Francisco and Seattle. There year. Other States are stirring in the are 7 churches and missions in Los An- matter. People are everywhere aroused, geles, and 3 more in suburban tOW!lS, and the prohibition idea advances by conducted by 7 denominations. There leaps and bounds. are 5 miss-ions in Seattle, under as many denominations. Several of the Japanese One-half of all the American people missions in Seattle are well equipped now living in license territory live in with buildings. In San Francisco and four States-New York, Pennsylvania. the Bay district, 16 churches and mis- Illinois and New Jersey_ One-fourth sions for Japanese are maintained by 8 of all the people who live in license denominations. territory live in 6 cities-New York. Chicago, Philadelphia, St. Louis, Boston "Go to Church" in Hawaii and Cleveland. One-half of all the saloons in the United States are located W ORKERS in the American Mis- in 14 cities. sionary Association report that the observance of Go-to-Church Sunday, A Mormon Temple in Washington throughout this entire field, has proved a stimulating experience. A contributor BEING without a regular place of to the Congregationalist writes from worship, a colony of ISO Mormons Hawaii: "With the advent of I914 the Go-to-Church movement in Honolulu which has grown up in Washington is began in -earnest. Its chief feature has drafting plans for the erection of a lain in getting before the people the llandsome edifice in the capital city as claims of religion. In doing this it has a branch of the Church of Jesus Christ been using modern methods." All suc- of Latter Day Saints. Mormons have cessful advertisers _.know the importance churches in Chicago, New York, ami of following up an advertisement, and

in connection with Go-to-Church Sunday it proved to be leprosy, he was banished this pertinent comment is made: "Cer- to a hut on the outskirts of the city, tainly the Christian forces of the United occupied by a Chinese leper, mutilated States are waking up on the question of hideously. He fled in terror, but was getting their wares before the eyes of pursued by the authorities and brought men by persistent advertising. The back. Another inmate of the same hut .question is, Will the churches meet this is an American who had assisted in campaign of advertising by a corres- opening a railroad in the Philippines ten ponding welcome and an enthusiastic years before the disease appeared. endeavor to make their services winsome and helpful?" A The Canadian Eskimo NEW Canadian Census Bulletin gives Lepers in the United States curious details of the Eskimo popu- lation living about Hudson Bay. Arch- RECENTLY two Bills have been deacon Renison of Moosonee, who took introduced in Congress looking to the census in his district, writes: "In the establishment of a National Lepro- calling most of them pagans it must sarium. One of these would provide be remembered that they are so in name $150,000 for a National Leprosarium on only, since all of them have their resome island. The other Bill appro- ligious books and practically everyone priates $500,000 for a Leper Home, of the age of ten can read them. the location now being specified. Heathen practises are a thing of the past. The majority of the people live By those familiar with the facts, under the most squalid conditions and are leprosy. is believed to be a serious destitute of proper clothing through national danger. The United States are the failure of the deer, which long in frequent communication through ship- ago were numerous along the east ping with countries where leprosy is coast of Hudson Bay." Sergeant Hay- widely prevalent, and inquiries have ter reported that the people in his shown that in some parts of the United district had no idea whatever of their States foreign levers have little difficulty age and they knew nothing of our .in effecting a landing and passing thence divisions of time. They are sometimes into the interior, where they are soon polyga111ists, sometimes' polyandrists. lost sight of, but where they may spread They are fond of children, but change the infection unobserved. This source the111 about, adopting some or giving of danger is stated to be rapidly in- their own away, according to convecreasing. Leprosy is known to be nience, so that it is hard to reckon comIhonin some of the foreign posses- by families.-The Churchman. sions' and dependencies of the United States-e.g., the Hawaiian Islands, the EUROPE-GREAT BRITAIN Philippines (where at present some 5,000 lepers are under supervision), and A Record Year for Bibles Porto Rico. There is great need for a national leper home, where suitable care T HE British and Foreign Bible can be given to these sufferers, who are Society has closed its one hundred now often subjected to virtual perse- and tenth year. In the past year, six cution. A physician in St. Louis reports new versions of the Bible have aptwo such cases. One a man thirty-five peared in print for the first time. One years old, who had been a soldier in the is Mark's Gospel in Kopu for one of Philippines ten years before, developed the many aboriginal tribes in the a disease of the skin, of the nature of mountains of southwest China. Last which he was entirely ignorant. When autumn IO,OOO copies were delivered to the China Inland Mission. The Gos-

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pel was first used in public worship at Christian Association, which has a a harvest festival, when 400 Kopu filled membership of 3,000, in 400 branches, the chapel, each with his own copy. devotes itself particularly to evangelis- Sentence by sentence they read in tic work among the troops, both on the unison the first chapter. Mark has Continent and in England. also been given in their own tongue to the Mawken-or "Drowned-in-the-Sea," Within ten days of the actual dec- as they style themselves-a gipsy fisher laration of war the Young Men's Chris- folk of Lower Burma; and to the tribes tian Association Field Service De- among the snow peaks of Western partment was at work at more than Tibet who speak Manchad. Luke has 60 points throughout Great Britain. been published in Car Nicobarese, the The greatest possible variety of method dialect of the most populous of the is in use. One special piece of work Nicobar Islands in the Bay of Bengal; which the Y. M. C. A. has undertaken and Matthew in Addo, a dialect of is the distribution of Testaments among Southern Nigeria; while the four Gos- the Territorials and Regular troops for pels~ at the request of the Evangelical the Pocket Testament League. This Missionary Society for German East league plans for the wise and careful Africa, have been printed in Ruanda, distribution of special copies of the the speech of 7,000,000 negroes in the Gospel of St. John to hundreds' of mountain region between Victoria thousands of soldiers and sailors, and Nyanza and Lake Tanganyika. The for the individual gift of copies of the Society's list now includes versions in entire New Testament to those soldiers 456 different tongues-the complete and sailors who would agree to carry Bible in 112 languages, the New Tes- the Testaments with them and read at tament in III more languages, and at least one chapter daily. least one book of Scripture in 233 other languages. The total issues for the THE CONTINENT year 1913-14 were 8,958,233 copies-an increase of over a million compared I The Prussian State Church with the previous year. In embossed N view of the position of Germany type for the blind, the Society has pub- in the present European war, special lished or circulated the Scriptures in interest attaches to an article in a 35 different languages. recent issue of the Hibbert Journal, regarding the withdrawal movement Salvation Army Sends Out Workers from the State churches. Since the first of January, 1908, in Berlin alone, GENERAL BOOTH recently dedi- 31,967 Protestants, 5,029 Roman Cath- cated a party of 102 officers for serv- olics and 196 Jews have notified such withdrawal. The formality of withice in India, the Dutch Indies, Korea, drawing involves no little personal Japan, Holland, Canada, South Africa, trouble and loss of time, besides the New Zealand, South America, France, social stigma attached to it. Those Malta, and Gibraltar. This is the larg- baptized in the church must formally est party ever sent out at one time by declare their withdrawal before a State the Army, and over 75 are going to India. official, otherwise they must pay the church tax, if their incomes exceed British Troops and the Gospel a certain sum. The writer calls the Prussian State Church little more than T HE departure of British troops for a link in a social and political chain, the front was the call to service a constituent element in the State orfor the various agencies which concern ganization, but one which only reflects themselves with the moral and spiritual welfare of the men. The Soldiers'

a part of the heart of the nation. It Poles, mostly Roman Catholics, are not is the political-religious side of Preus- particularly susceptible. to Pan-Slav sentum, and he thinks that the working propaganda, as that is largely Russian class is becoming increasingly convinced and Orthodox. that Christianity has moved somewhat from its primitive ideals and has been Altogether the Dual Moriarchy conmisused to bolster up the Prussian tains 5,500,000 inhabitants of Cerb State idea.-The Churchman. race, divided between Islam and two Christian creeds.

Polyglot Population of Austria The Religion of Suicides ACCORDING to the most recent THE Imperial Statistical Bureau of authoritative statistics the racial Berlin publishes the averages of question in Austria-Hungary is much more complicated and diversified than death by suicide per 100,000 people is usually to be explained in reference among different religious and nonbooks. In the kingdoms and provinces religious sections of the German nation. represented in the Reichsrath in Vienna The ratio is as follows: there are nearly 10,000,000 Germans and 18,500,000 non-Germans. Of these Among Moravians, Mennonites, etc. 1 nearly 17,500,000 are Slavs. Among Among Protestants ……………. 31 these Slavs, the Croats and Serbs num- Among Catholics ……………… 37 Among Jews …………………. 40 Among the religionless, especially ber 780,000, chiefly in Dalmatia, while – among Socialists ……………. 605 there are in all 666,000 Orthodox and Revival in Bulgaria nearly 3,500,000 Greek Uniats. In Hungary, with its subject kingdoms of "N OTHING like the present SpIrI- Croatia and Slavonia, there are 10,000,- tual awakening has ever occurred 000 Magyars, 2,000,000 Germans, and in the history of evangelical Chris- 8,000,000 other non-Magyars. Of these tianity in this country," writes Dr. E 3,000,000 are Rumanians and well over E. Count, from Sofia, Bulgaria, under 5,000,000 Slavs. The Croats, or Roman date of August 29th. "Over 60 have Catholic Serbs, number 1,800,000 and joined our Methodist Church in this their Orthodox brothers are I,roO,ooo city since February, and on the Sofia in number. All told, Hungary has District more than ISO new members nearly II,OOO,OOO Roman Catholic sub- are recorded."

jects, 2,000,000 Greek Uniats, and Restrictions Abolished in Russia 3,000,000 Orthodox. In this connection S it should be remembered that the EVERAL months ago the Review referred to the hostility of the Patriarchate of the Orthodox Serb Church has been fixt at Karlowitz, Greek Church officials to the Baptists under Hungarian rule, for over two in Russia, and the action taken by the centuries. In Bosnia there are 434,000 Government against Rev. Mr. Fetler.

Roman Catholic Croats, 825,000 Ortho- Since the outbreak of the war, the dox Serbs and over 600,000 Bosniaks, 1:orrespondent of the Reuter Telegram or Moslem Serbs. Thus, it will be Company at St. Petersburg has re- seen that the Emperor Francis Joseph ported that the Russian authorities are rules over more than 25,000,000 Slavs abolishing previous restrictions against and 3,225,000 Rumanians, of whom the holding of prayer-meetings by nearly 4,500,000 adhere to various Or- Baptists, and that the Baptists are thodox churches and 5,400,000 are opening hospitals in Kiev, Odessa and Uniats. Of this Slav mass 5,000,000 St. Petersburg.

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Stamping Out the Drink Curse political unrest. Here the war-call of my earthly king suddenly reached me, NEWS was recently published from which I must obey early in the morn· St. Petersburg, to the effect that ing. Unfortunately, I have not time enough for a complete report. Everyan order from the Czar to his army, where there is an earnest longing for dealing with the drink evil had just salvation in Christ; everywhere I had been issued. Drunkenness is to be to promise either· to return or to send ruthlessly stamped out. Officers are a secretary. The harvest is ready at forbidden to drink in camp, on ma- the door, and the Christian Endeavor neuvers or while on any duty with Society has great problems in the their men. All classes of drunkenness Balkans. The Lord Jesus· will bring it are to be dealt with in the severest out right, even without my service, manner. Commanding officers are since I must now go to the war. It ordered to discourage as much as pos- is bitter that I must now go with sible the drinking of alcohol, and weapons against those to whom a few medical officers are to deliver lectures weeks ago I preached of the Lord of periodically on the harmful effects of Peace. God make me strong." alcohol. Russia is looked upon as benighted, out when have governments MOSLEM LANDS taken action to teach the people the harmful effects of alcohol? Apart from An Encounter with Brigands the schools, no effort has been made by American authorities to let the people DR. W. N. CHAMBERS of Adana. know the facts revealed by science. In England, France and Germany, great while on his way to the annual efforts are made by means of bulletins, meeting of the Central Turkey Mission posters, and other ways, to warn people was "held up" by brigands four hours of the danger in the use of alcoholic out from Hadj in. He says: liquors. The results, as far as we can judge, show that more good is accom- "The distressing and tragical part of plished by teaching than by prohibition. it was the shooting of the soldier de- Here the teaching is left to private tailed to act as guard to the party. He enterprise which is very spasmodic and was beside me, and seeking cover for does not carry the weight or influence resistance was shot through the breast of governmental authority. and dropt dead. This was within a minute after we were halted and found The Pathos of the War ourselves in the hands and at the mercy of six or eight brigands. They searched A PATHETIC letter addrest to Dr. the others of the party-three Arme- Francis E. Clark, of the Christian nians from Hadjin-and would take Endeavor Society, by a teacher in nothing from me, tho I offered money Croatia, Austria, who devotes his sum- to induce them to deal mercifully with mers and all his free time to Christian one of my companions."-Miss.ionary Endeavor work, is one of those side- Herald. lights on the war which give it its vital human significance. This teacher A Boy Sultan in Persia writes: SULTAN AHMED SHAH KATAR. "For four weeks I have borne the the boy of seventeen who occupies Christian . Endeavor banner through the Balkans. I was obliged to cut .off the throne of Persia, took the oath and fourteen days' of the journey planned, was crowned in Teheran, his capital, and hasten home on account of the in July. Advancing to the table in front of the platform 111 the Parliament House, he placed his hands on the Koran, and in ~

loud voice took the oath. He then is need of more forceful and cultured proceeded to the neighboring Sipah- men in the native pastorate who may suc- Salar Mosque where the Ulama and cessfully address their fellow country- the principal religious dignitaries were men-Indian Christian scholars, nur- assembled. Here he returned thanks tured in the varied learning of the and offered prayers to Allah for the East and West, who will interpret the prosperity of his country and his reign. practical West to the philosophical East, At 5 P. M. the coronation took place and will be able to show that the re- in the palace, the king placing the ligion of Christ is in accord with the crown upon his own head, while the best sentiments of India's best minds. Ulama acclaimed him king, intoning ill The college is the first example of sonorous, guttural tones the Arabic different missionary societies in India formula: cooperating· in theological instruction. Six Foreign Mission Boards, Scotci1 Fearless Dealings with Moslems Presbyterian, English Congregational, Danish Lutheran, English Wesleyan, T HE fact that the Presbyterian Mis- American Reformed, and American sion schools in Persia have been Congregational, have representatives on organized primarily to make Christians the college council. Four European does not seem to frighten Moslems professors and one Indian professor away from them. Of more than 1,000 constitute the faculty. Buildings at an such in attendance 700 are paying tui- expense of $47,000 are being erected. tion fees. All are required to study These consist of a college hall with the Bible, and in only three of the classrooms and library, a hostel for unthirteen is Friday (the Moslem Sah- married students, two small bungalows bath) given as a holiday. Miss Stock- for married students, and a residence ing tel1s in the Moslem World, a good for the principal. The sum of $33,000 story of one of the missionaries in has already come from Europe, chiefly Resht who was summoned before a from England, for the building fund. magistrate. The fol1owing dialog The remaining $14,000 are rightly exdeveloped: pected from America.

Official.-"We hear that you have Lowering the Flag of Paganism been inviting Moslems to become Christians." A STRIKING incident is related by Rev. William Peters, of the North Missionary.-HIt is true.' ' India Methodist Mission: "Recently I Off.-"Whom do you invite?" visited the work on Ujhani Circuit, Miss.-HI invite you, sir." where lives an old Hindu more than The official gave no more trouble.- seventy years of age. All his life he Record of Christian Work. had been an idolater and had done everything in his power to prevent the INDIA spread of Christianity. He built a great heathen altar in front of his A Unique Miuioaary lnatitution house and hoisted over it a large pagan banner. Revival meetings were held T HE first class of eight students by the. Christians in his village. The graduated from the United Theo- power of God took hold of his soul logical College of Sont:iLlndia a~ ancl he pulled down his flag, broke Ion at Bangalore have all beelL called to down the altar, and with his heart acpositions of usefulness as tbeffltJgirnJ cepted JesuS' Christ as .his Savior." teachers, pastors, and evangetists: in the Indian church. The need of an institn- tion such as this is great, for So~ India and Ceylon contairr half the Protes- tant Christian population of India. There

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America'. Costly Gift to India not merely protected Christians from insult or injury in his own province, D R. HUME, speaking at the cen- but who quietly conveyed to Washing- tenary celebration of the American ton news, upon the strength of which Board Mission in India, estimated the was determined the despatching of number of earnest, educated sons and troops to safeguard the legations. Since daughters of North America, who had then Yuan haS' done many things for given their lives to India in the past which Christian propagandists are 100 years, at not less than 40,000. This grateful. But his open acquiescence in gift of good women and men by one the advance of Christianity in China country to another with which it has is shown in his manly decision, in the no political and little commercial re- face of political intrigue, that China lation is, he declares, unparalleled in shall not revert to the reactionary ranks history, and unparalleled in its spiri- of nations shackled by the bonds of tual, intellectual and social value. state religions.-Men and Missions (N. Y.). HTTen Nationalities at One Altar HERE are commonly ten nation- Optimism in West China alities and combinations of nationalities represented at the family altar BISHOP LEWIS, of the Methodist of the mission house at Pegu, Burma, Church in West China, writes that the political conditions are much more viz., Canadian, American, Tamil, Te- settled than they were a year ago. "Among a few," he says, "there may lugu, Hindustani, Panjabi, Burmese, be a slight opposition to Yuan Shih Chinese, Karen and Chino-Karen. Kai. But the people are loyal to the These are all resident on the compound central government and do not want except the Panjabi mater who happens trouble. They seem to be satisfied with to come for work at that hour, and the present situation. The epidemic being a Christian takes part in the of robbery, reported a year ago, apt family devotions. What will be the pears to have been entirely checked." product of the amalgamation of all With the new Civil Governor of these races'?"-Indian Witness. Szechuen, Chen Tin-chieh, in cordial sympathy with the Church's work-tho CHINA not himself a professing Christian- with the people at peace, and the p Religion and Politics Church making rapid strides, Bishop RESIDENT YUAN SHIHKAI Lewis believes the situation in West has dissipated all doubts as to China to be 1110st promising. freedom of worship and of religious belief in the new Republic. He has T Plea for Methodist Union issued a mandate explaining the mean- HERE is undoubtedly much to be ing and force of his previous announce- gained by the organic union of the ment regarding the restoration of Con- Chinese members of the various Methfucianism as China's system of social odist bodieS' operating in China. So ethics. The mandate guarantees re- many different churches, so many difligious freedom and declares: "No State ferent names, so many different sysreligion will be introduced, as under the tems of doctrine. and church polity, Ching dynasty, since religious freedom necessarily produce no little confusion corresponds with the system of repub- and uncertainty in the minds of the licanism." Yuan Shih Kai has long Chinese. This is bad enough when we been the friend of the missionary and consider only the great main divisions the native Christians. Back, in the days of the Boxer troubles. it was Yuan Shih Kai, then a powerful viceroy, who

among the denominations, as the Pres- church, and schools, and preachers, ana byterians, Methodists, Baptists, Angli- teachers, and I always go to church cans, etc. But when each of these and am diligent in learning the doc- main divisions is subdivided into nu- trine."

merous smaller bodies, the Chinese are What May Come to Pass at a loss to know the reason for it, and it makes confusion worse con- W ILL China some day send misfounded. Further, there can be no sionaries to America? We can doubt that our work could be adminis- not believe it, says the Christian Obtered much more economically, both as server (Southern Presbyterian), but a to men and money, if we were united high Chinese official says it will be so. into one organic body. The mission- The rapid advance of Christianity in aries need not necessarily belong to mission lands suggests this. The sugthe Chinese Church. They could main- gestion is emphasized by the comtain their connection with the home paratively sluggish progress of religion, Church, as is the case in Japan. Bilt or its actual decline in Christian lands. that the Chinese members shouM be As indicating growth in foreign lands united into one body is a consumma- it appears from the last reliable census tion devoutly to be wished. There arc of India that there are now 3,896,000 to-day perhaps 70,000 or more Metho- Christians in India, twelve for each dist Christians in China. What a thousand of population. The American strong body these would make if they Methodist Mission in India baptized were all united into one organization. 30,000 persons in I9I2, and 40,000 in -China Christian Advocate. I9I3. Thousands registered their names for baptism, but could not receive the Result of a Medical Journey required instruction because of lack of workers. The work of other de- DR. D. DUNCAN MAIN, of Hang- nominations is correspondingly pros- perous. The Presbyterian Church in chow hospital, relates. the follow- China is preparing to organize a ing as an illustration of the text, "Cast General Assembly. 60,000 Presbyterians thy bread upon the waters": are ready to enter this organization. Other denominations enjoy similar An old patient who lives in a little prosperity. country place twenty miles distant, that 'we used to visit on Saturdays, for healing and preaching, some years ago, writes: "I live at Kuchang, in Yu'ang-. An Appeal from Honan and my name is Li Kya-Chen, and I THREE years ago the gentry oi am 74 years of age. A long time ago, Chow Kiakan, Honan, presented a in the reign of Kwang Dzu, you came petition to the China Inland Missions here to heal, and preach the 'Happy asking for a hospital. They are still Sound.' At that time I only thought awaiting an answer. The city has a of my disease. Now I know that your population of 225,000, and the sur- coming here was not only to cure our rounding district is well populated.

diseases, but to cllre our souls, because A great opportunity is thus presented the doctrine of Jesus has got into my for reaching these people. The peti- heart and that is the most important tion expresses appreciation of the work, thing of all. I have offended against and in oriental language the writers God and you; but most fortunately Goel say that they "turn with earnest desire has forgiven me while I am alive, and toward the open door of the Mission I thank you for what you did for me. Book Room, as the Sunflower turns to- We have had now for some years a ward the Sun."

WORLD-WIDE MISSIONARY NEWS 87

JAPAN-KOREA think of allowing his new official duties to interfere with the indorsement of the A Methodist School in Kobe Sunday-school convention to which he had committed himself. THE Kwansei Gakuin, founded 25 years ago at Kobe by Bishop W. I An Anglican Mission to Lepers N the September, 1913, issue of The R. Lambuth, has proved to be one of Spirit of Missions appeared an ac- the great missionary institutions of count of the work done among lepers at learning in the Orient. Good buildings Kumamoto, Japan, under the leadership have been erected, the student body of Miss Riddell. At that time she was in all departments numbers more tha~ earnestly praying that a priest might 1;le 700. It is a union Methodist institu- moved to help in the enterprise. The tion, the Methodist Church of Canada May issue of The Mission Field, the having united with the Southeru official organ of the S. P. G., says: Methodist as full partners. In Octo- ber, the 25th anniversary was cele- "The S. P. G. is to be privileged to brated on an extensive scale. share in the work among the lepers at Kumamoto, Japan, the committee having The Premier Stands for Religion made a grant toward defraying the ex- penses of the Rev. A. S. Hewlett, the – COUNT OKUMA, the venerable pre- Vicar of St. Paul's Church, Tranmere, mier who has recently succeeded to Birkenhead, who is resigning his living in order to devote himself to work the headship of the government in J a- among lepers. The leper settlement is pan, continues in his high office to show not very far from the scene of the the same practical concern in the relig- great volcanic eruption. In a letter just ious life of his people which he hag received from Miss Riddell, the foun- manifested for years as private citizen dress of the work among lepers in and university president. Tho he Japan, she writes: 'The Sunday after has thus far in his career refrained from the first eruption our lepers, sixty-six in actual indorsement of Christianity, in number, brought me all the money they an address which he delivered recently could make up between them, four shil- in Tokyo at the dedication of the dormi- lings and a farthing, and asked me to tory for the Chinese Y. M. C. A., the send it to any Christians among the Count used the following significant lan- sufferers as a little thank-offering for guage: "The fatal defect in the teach- the great Love which was preserving ings of the great sages of Japan and them from need and anxiety in this time China is that while they dwelt with of their physical affliction. I know that virtue and morale they did not suffi- it was not only the "widow's mite," but ciently dwell on. the spiritual nature it was the lepers' all.''' of man. And every nation th:lt neglects the spiritual, tho it may Christianity in Korea flourish for a time, must eventually decay. The origin of modern civiliza- THE president of the Japanese Y. M. tion is to be found in the teachings uf C. A. at Seoul is Judge Watanabe. the Sage of Judea, by whom alone the necessary moral dynamic is supplied." the founder and head of the judicial Vhen Count Okuma became Premier, it system in Korea. The church statistics was expected that he would resign from for 1913 have just been completed. the arrangements committee of the The following comparative tables will World's Sunday-school Convention. indicate to some extent the growth of which is to meet in Tokyo in 1916. But Christianity during that period. he expressly declared that he would not

1913 1912 AFRICA Adult Baptisms …… . 6,848 6,089 The Coptic Church in Egypt Communicants ……. . 80,383 73,226 Total Church Members 98,325 90,400 ABOUT 6 per cent. of the popula- Organized Churches .. 857 tion of Egypt, or some 670,000 Churches, Self-support- 831 persons, we are told, belong to the Coptic Church. They constitute a dis- ing ……………. . 182 186 tinct community, with their own schools, Churches, Partly Self- cemeteries and civil laws. While only 645 4 per cent. of the Moslem popUla- supporting ……… . 675 1,280 tion can read and write, more than IO Preaching Places …. . 1,256 per cent. of the Copts can do so. Ordained Ministers, Jap- 702 The Copts in the cities are clever mer- chants and the number of extremely anese ………….. . 728 652 wealthy Coptic families has consider- Unordained Ministers ably increased. The Egyptian Protes- 106,580 tants are largely persons who have and Helpers ……. . 732 abandoned the Church of the Copts, 318,987 but there is no such chasm between S. S. Scholars and them as between Protestantism and Teachers . . . . . . . . . .. 108,495 Romanism. Protestants feel a sense of historical relationship to the ancient Amount contributed by church, desire its reformation, contri- Japanese ……. Yen 374,538 bute to its schools and church con- struction, attend its congresses. Ameri"- $187,269 $169,493 can missionaries are invited repeatedly to speak in Coptic churches. This has One of the most interesting features gone so far that the solemn ritualistic of the Student Young Men's Chris- services on Good Friday have been tian Association work in Korea is the suspended, and Mr. Reed, a Presby-o sending forth of evangelistic groups terian clergyman, invited in to give which preach the Gospel in the neigh- an exposition of the Scriptures. Great boring villages and country districts, numbers of Coptic laymen and school often where no preaching has ever been teachers and some Coptic priests have heard. One Association reported that been educated in American Presby-· during the year they have raised money terian schools and cherish the friendto send a missionary to an island 1,500 liest feelings for the evangelical church. li distant. His work has resulted in There is, further, a distinct movement many conversions among the islanders. of reformation in the ancient church of Egypt-an advancing use of the What a Student Y. M. C. A. Can Report Arabic colloquial in place of the un- intelligible Coptic, an increasing use of THE report of the Student Secre- the Scriptures in the services, more tary in Korea, Mr. Choi Sung Mo, preaching and Bible exposition, growth contains the following paragraph: of schools for girls, and other work "From last June to April of this year for women. The development of Sun- I have been able to lead 272 men to day-schools in the Coptic churches is decide to accept Jesus Christ as their proposed as the most promising way of Savior. A number of these are in my transforming it in an evangelical sense. Bible classes and 76 of them are now There could hardly be a more certain known to be in regular attendance at guaranty of a Reformed Church of the church. It was my duty to deliver the Gospel both in public and in private and to visit the sick. I have done what I could as the time permitted, and I trust that the work of my Master has been promoted by my services." Mr. Choi Sung Mo leads 16 different Bible classes, two of which are composed entirely of students from non- Christian private schools, while two other number among their enrolment some 60 Government school students.

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Egypt than a widespread movement of ther evangelization of the subjects of this kind. 'King' Lukengu, the well-known Kongo A Typical Moslem Region chief. Not long ago, Ibanche station A CORRESPONDENT writes to the Christian Standard from Algiers: chose seven of the very best and "After a three-months' sojourn in the land of Islam I am more profoundly strongest native preachers (unordained. convinced than ever of the power of a false religion to mar the happiness of course) that they have, and sent and destroy the prosperity of mankind. This land is, in parts, as beautiful as them to the most strategic remote vilthe Garden of Eden, yet everywhere it yields tokens of the curse of Islam. The lages of Lukengu's country. Two of memories of this land, it seems to me, will always reawaken the threnody of them went to the tribe called the Bangwail and sob that swept down upon us from the minarets the last night we endi, a tribe never before touched by spent in B1ida. A few days ago we walked through 'the Casbah in Algiers. Protestant teachers, with the exception The Casbah is that part of the city where the Arabs live. It was an ex- of one very brief visit of two missionperience to make' one's heart sad. The Casbah has been called a human rabbit- aries of the Presbyterian Missions. warren. The streets are so narrow that, in many places, one might stand Until the arrival of these young African in the middle and touch the walls on either side. Here the natives live and Protestants in those villages, the name work and trade. Foodstuffs-the very sight of which was nauseating-were of Christ had never been heard. Not on sale in alleys, where the smells proclaimed the deadly pollution of the one word of God's message to men had atmosphere. Dark passages, narrow stairways and doors in unexpected ever reached them. This is, indeed, places suggested a labyrinth as intricate, dangerous and mysterious as pioneer evangelization, and these young the catacombs. The people who haunted these abodes, mostly shrouded umpeon~ with their wives', will be called in white, were silent and sad, as tho to endure many trying hardships. they might be corpses wandering from their tombs. Islam knows no pity for Indeed, they have already reported such the poor,. the ignorant and the opprest. Islam cares not for sanitation nor for discouraging facts as the cold indifferthe uplift of humanity. Islam means degradation, stagnation and desolation." ence of the people to the Gospel mes- From the Kongo Region sage, the superstitious fear of the Gospel MR. PLUMER writes from Lusambo, by many, and the tremendous power of Kongo Beige :-"Ibanche station, of our African mISSIon, has lately taken a Fetichism over the mass of the people. very important step forward in the fur- With this heathenism on the one hand and Roman Catholicism on the other, these forces of Christ must have a severe and long struggle before the victory is won. "

A Promising Mission Field ARECENT traveler vividly pictures the opportunity in the Kassai valley of the Kongo State. "There is no mis- sion field more full of promise, more' urgent in its needs, than is the great Kassai valley and the adjoining Lunda plateau. The Bakete, numbering 20,000, are all accessible and at the doors of the great church at Luebo. The Bakuba, numbering, perhaps, 400,000. lying north of the Luebo, in the great Sankuru-Kassai peninSUla, have thrown open their doors, and already one sta- tion has been planted among them. The Bashilange, numbering over 1,000,- 000, lying to the south of Ndombe, are ready to have the Word.

The Christian King of Uganda ceremony, however interesting; that it is not only entailed from below but OCTOBER 5th was the day chosen committed from above; and that in for the crowning of Dauda Chwa, facing responsibility the Kabaka may the day on which, in 1889, the com- rely on the earnest prayers of his bined Christian forces of Uganda, people.-C. M. S. Gazette. Protestants' and Roman Catholics, re- entered the capital after their final Great Growth in a Hard Field victory over the Mohammedan party. Uganda Notes for June says: "The THE Swedish Mission in Abyssinia celebration of October 5th as 'Peace counted in 1897 5 stations, 300 con- Day' has already become an established verts, 20 native evangelists, and 90 institution in Uganda. The cqoice of pupils in one mission school. To-day such a day for the coronation is a there are 10 stations, 2,000 converts', happy augury to mark the beginning 75 native evangelists, 10 native school of a rule that shaH know no respect teacherS', 1,305 pupils in 5 boardingof persons, but labor untiringly for the schools and 50 day schools in the vilhighest good of all. Three distinct lages. There is a hospital in full celebrations will mark the coming of operation and a press which is printing age of the Kabaka. The fi.rst, which in Ethiopian, Amaric, Tigrigna, Tigre, will take place on Saturday, August 8th, Cunama, Galla and Swahili. Two hunwill be the civil ceremony, when the dred hymns have been translated into authority to rule will be formally trans- the Tigrigna tongue and are uS'ed in ferred from the three Regents, who the mission schools. have hitherto borne the burden of government, to the Kabaka. The sec- OCEAN WORLD ond native ceremony will take place on Friday, August 14th, when the Kabaka The Marsden Centenary will sit for the first time in his Lukiko, or Council, and the great chiefs will T HE very existence of the now come forward to swear allegiance to flourishing Dominion of New Zeahim. Both of these ceremonies will land is due to the faith and courage take place in the capital. The third, of the Rev. Samuel Marsden, who went or religious ceremony, will be at Budo, fearlessly among the ferocious Maoris on Monday, October 5th. For the first of those cannibal islands. The mission time in the history of the country a of the Church Missionary Society which Christian king will sit on the throne he founded on Christmas Day, 1814, of Uganda. With a Christian king tamed the race; and subsequently in much of the older ceremonies connected poured the colonists. The British occuwith a native coronation will be out of pancy is, therefore, in a large measure place. Where it is inextricably en- due to the labors of Samuel Marsden tangled with pagan customs and beliefs and other early missionaries. Christit is' inevitable that it should pass with mas Day next will be the one hundredth them, but it is earnestly to be hoped anniversary of the first day on which that to the furthest extent possible all a public Christian service was held in ancient customs which are not clearly New Zealand, and it is proposed to repugnant to civilized and Christianized mark the event in that country by a feelings will be retained. But, above special series of commemorative serall, it is important that, at such a time, vices and gatherings. The centenary the transfer of responsibility is seen to celebrations will begin on December be something far more than a civil' r r, with a large public meeting in the Auckland Town HaiL On Christmas Day there will be a service of Holy

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Communion at, or near, the Marsden submitted to the voters at the next Cross-the identical spot where the election: "Religious Instruction in first service was held. Schools; Referendum Scheme of In- struction. . Provision to be made for Christian Newspaper in Borneo the reading in public schools, within school hours, of selected Bible lessons THE German missionaries in Borneo from a reading book to be provided by publish a monthly paper, under the the Education Department; such read- title Brita Bahatap, or "Good News." ing to be conducted under the super- It is said that the number of sub- vision of the public school teachers, scribers at I20 guIders grows from but no sectarian teaching to be allowed. week to week, and the native Chris- Provision to be made for religious intians send in their contributions to ap- struction to be given within school pear in the columns of the paper along- hours to children by a minister of their side that of the editors. The prospect own denomination, or by an accredited is that the publication will shortly be substitute. Any parent to have the self-supporting. Devotional articles, news right, if he chooses to do so, to withof the mission field, Bible readings, and draw his child from the Bible-reading, so forth, make up the contents month or from the religious instruction, or by month, and a number of the con- from both." tributions by natives have really been of unusual merit. That the Christians A Leper Cure in the Philippines of the island should thus speak to those of their own race and tongue is speci- W HEN the Americans went into the ally valuable. The Dayaks are strong Philippines they discovered that on poetry-of the epic kind, such as the Filipinos were not taking proper are the ancient poetic writings of care of their lepers. The Bureau of Germany and England. The longer the Health, under Dr. Victor G. Heiser, better, would seem to be their thought set aside Culion, one of a small group in their utterances-seventy stanzas of of southern islands about a day's sail six lines each is nothing special for from Manila. It had three or four them; and in these they will sing the fishing villages on it, of which the whole history of missions in the island largest was Culion village. Its inafter the manner of their old hero habitants were transferred to nearby songs. Every station and every mis- islands, and the site of the old town sionary is brought into these. The of Culion was taken for the new leper natives are specially interested in all colony. The idea of the establishing that is published concerning the outside of Culion Colony was, of course, evenworld. Particularly was this the case tually to eliminate the disease from concerning the late Turkish war, for the Philippines. Over 8,000 lepers have the paper presented true reports and been in the colony in the past eight contradicted the false ones of the Mo- years. All have come voluntarily and hammedans on the island. Even some are happy in their well-ordered colony. Mohammedans are among the readers. The clinical diagnosis of leprosy has -Evangelical Christian. become so scientific that cases are much more readily identified in incipiency. The Bible in New Zealand School. A probable cure for leprosy has been THE people of New Zealand will found in a hypodermic injection of soon be called upon to vote on a Chalmuga oil, mixed with camphor. Six referendum providing for the reading cases have been reported cured, having of the Bible in public schools. Tht' shown no signs of the disease, either following is the text of the proposal

microscopically or clinically for two lawsuits between the French and the years. Two hundred others seem prac- natives, which resulted in what he tically cured and others are undergoing considers the unjust imprisonment of treatment. a teacher and others.

There is one phase of the colony-life MISCELLANEOUS we should not have pictured of ourselves, and yet which must inevitably What Appeals to Volunteers be present as long as lepers are just human beings. That is to say, CuEon, DR. CLIFFORD of London tells of like any other community, is not sociologically ideal. It has clas's distinction, an English college which was visit.. pronouncedly, and beneficially, too, in ed by a minister seeking volunteers for a some cases. Many a leper, altho of mission-field in India. He assured the good family, enjoyed none of the bene- young men that the work was not diffifits of his station in his former manner cult, that they would live in a pleasant of life, being outcast and often isolated, society, 'have good homes, and enjoy but here he can take his proper place the services of plenty of servants. Noamong other lepers of his better-born body offered to go. But a little while class, and after the fashion of man- later another mission worker came to kind, his vastly increased importance in the school seeking men to go out to the his own eyes has its good effects upon Kongo. The places that he wanted to his health and entire outlook. He is fill were vacancies left in the force by at last Somebody-and that means much death, and the recruiting officer said to human nature. bluntly to the students: "It will most likely mean death to you, too." Imme- Perils in the New Hebrides diately six men offered themselves for service. GREAT as have been the changes OBITUARY among the people of the South Seas since Dr. John G. Paton began Dr. C. H. Daniels of Boston his life among them, there are still some places where cannibalism pre- THO it is over ten years since vails. A recent letter from Mr. Fred Rev. Charles H. Daniels, D.D., re- Paton reports that "the Malekulan bushmen have had many of their num- signed, because of failing health, from ber kidnapped by French recruiters. his active connection with the American In revenge they murdered and ate a Board, his long and particularly efficient boat's crew, and sent word to all service as Secretary is responsible for natives not to act as crews for re- the fact that his recent death seems cruiting ships. Dr. Sandilands is mis- a direct loss to that body. During the sionary of Wala and N. Malekula, fifteen years of his secretaryship-, the Some of his finest natives went to a forward movement, which provides for bush village by appointment to hold the support of individual missionaries service. The bushmen killed his four by churches and personal contributors, leading men and two boys, and ate five the system of interesting Sunday-schools of them. The rest escaped by a mir- in the work of the Board and the daily acle, one being wounded. It has been noon service of prayer at the Board a severe blow to the mission work, as Rooms were all begun. His earnest the four were outstanding men." faithfulness, his devotion to the work in all its' phases and his tact are per- Mr, Paton writes also of a volcanic haps the qualities which his colleagues outbreak on the island of Ambrin, of remember best.-Missionary Herald.

Among Baptists. By Re~. and "keeping tab on providence"

A. L. Vail, D,D. 140 pages. Amen- disapproved; can Baptist Publication Society, Phila. 50 cents, net. (5) System; while desirable, its This is one of three historical studies justification is not in the New Testa- ment passage usually quoted in favor by Dr. Vail, the other two being "The of it (1. Cor., 16:2). System is apt to Morning Hour of American Baptist "supplant spirit" and "machines replace Missions," and "Baptists Mobilized for men." Missions." The historical character of this last volume is not so marked as in (6) Simplicity (Matthew 6: 3); the other two, for there was evidently (7) Spontaneity; not so much "history" in the subject of (8) Symmetry; stewardship among Baptists as was (9) Equality. found regarding the discussion leading to the establishment of agencies for The methods tested by these prinmissionary work. The fact is revealed ciples are summarized as follows: Hapthat in the early days of religious life hazard; Competitive; Self-denial; in America Baptists did only about as Thank-offering; Fixt percentage. The well in the matter of giving as other false bases underlying these methods people. The book is really a discussion are discust and better ways are of the general problem of Christian pointed out. The author does not stewardship, and will have as much hesitate to disapprove the tithe, the interest for others as' it has for Bap- apportionment and other well-known tists. devices. The entire discussion is in- teresting and, in parts, unique. It will Dr. Vail is out of sympathy with prove stimulating to one's thought on many if not all of the modern "methods" this vita! question of stewardship. The employed for "raising money." He closing words are: tests all these methods by nine "principles" which he considers in detail as "Every church is under the most follows: strenuous responsibility to avoid every method of securing fund, which may (I) Totality; the Christian holds all seem to reputable people beneath the that he has in trust; highest standards of integrity and dig- nity; and equally to use only those (2) Personality; possessions can not methods that are respectable accordingbe separated from life-from the pos- to Christ as indicated in those prinsessor; ciples which he has announced in the New Testament. The only way of life (3) Responsibility; all giving should for a church is to give the Gospel to be in harmony with this principle as the world, and other things in strict applied to the individual and to his pro- subserviency to this service; and to ask vision for those for whom he is re- nothing from the world but repentance sponsible; toward God, faith in the Lord It-sus (4) Prosperity; giving in proportion to getting is advocated, but a rigid rule

Christ, and obedience to Him. When the basis of the obligation. He holds it goes beyond that it goes into the that there is need of a change in the mist and the mire.'" appeal to meet the attitude of modern The Gods of India. By Rev. E. Osborn thought. Many will not agree with Dr. Martin. Pp. 330. Illustrated. Price Garvie in his concessions to modern rationalistic thought, but they will sym· 4s. 6d. ]. M. Dart & SOilS, Ltd., pathize with his loyal adherence to the London and Toronto, 1914.

Rev. E. Osborn Martin, who was for claims of Christ as the Divine Savior thirteen years a Wesleyan missionary and Lord. These lectures may not be in India and Ceylon, describes the de- commended without caution, but they are velopment of Hindu mythology; the worthy of study, as presenting the introduction of the practises of pil- standpoint of the newer theological grimage, idolatry, and caste; and de- views.

votes one chapter to the Sacred Books of the Hindus. Then he deals with the Missionary Programs and Incidents. By Vedic Deities worshiped by Aryan settlers, with the Puranic Deities, the Rev. George H. Trull. 12mo. 274 pp. 50 cents. Missionary Education Move- ment, New York, 1914.

great gods and goddesses of modern Here is a gold-mine for the chairmen Hinduism; and with the worship of of missionary committees. The little sacred rivers, animals, trees, and stones, book contains valuable material and the worship of ancestors, heroes, and suggestions for programs and special demons, which attract the worship of occasions. The incidents are interesting the Hindu peasantry. stories, revealing the need for the Gos- pel, the miracles of modern mission", It is difficult for the learned Euro" the great events of missionary history, pean scholar to understand the mental the can for workers. There are sugposition of the devout Hindu, who gested programs, hymns, prayers, poems, believes the wildest and most contra- scripture and other responsive readings. dictory myths, and worships with utter The only criticism of such a book is abandon at the shrine of some strange that it leaves the missionary chairman conception of the deity. so little to do.

This volume is an interesting study of the subject, but throws no new light on our conception of Hindu gods. The Glory of the Pines. A Tale of the Ontoworship has failed to elevate the people nagon. By William Chalmers Covert. of India. Illustrated. 12mo. 245 pp. $1.25, lIet.

Westminster Press, Philadelphia, 1914.

The Missionary Obligation. By Alfred In guise of fiction, Dr. Covert gives tiS a story of life among the lumber- E. Garvie, D.D. 12mo. 141 pp. 25., men. It is a fascinating tale and one net. Hodder & Stoughton, London, 1914.

Dr. Garvie, who is principle of New with a meaning. Labor and love, joy College, London, here views the mis- and sorrow, sin and salvation, an con- sionary obligation, not in the light of the tribute their quota to the living interest divine authority of the Bible, or the sal- and reality of the narrative which in vation of the heathen from hell, but in many respects reminds one of Ralph the light of modern thought concerning Connor's tales of the Selkirks. "Glory,"

the Christian religion and the social ob- the girl from Detroit, and the young ligation to all mankind. He considers minister of the little white church, and the foreign mission enterprise to be in a the lumbermen and saloon keepers- pe,-i!ous position due to waning interest, g-ood and bad-are characters 110t easily because of a change of conviction as to forgotten.

ON MISSIONS AND MISSION

Glorious Liberty. A Hundred Years' In addition to Kentucky, various writers Work of the Jamaica Baptist Mission. discuss the general problem of home By Leonard Tucker. Illustrated. 8vo. missions, the work of the Presbyterian 168 pp. 2s., net. The Carey Press, General Assembly (South), and other London, 1914. topics. Questions on each chapter add to There are many romantic passages the value for a mission study class-book. It would be a noteworthy work if some in the history of the early days of one would compile a book giving the Christian missions in Jamaica. The conditions, needs, and work of all Protes- early days of slavery were followed tant churches in a state. by the revolt in 1832, and emancipa- tion in 1838. This record is especially Our Opportunity in the West Indies. By important as a contribution to the study B. G. O'Rorke. Illustrated. lZmo. 136 of the native church and its develop- pp. Is., net. S. P. G. House, 15 Tufton ment in self-support, self-government Street, London, 1914. and missionary extension. The Jamaica A history of the West Indies is given, Colored Baptists are to-day doing a noble work in Central America and the as weJl as a brief description of Jamaica, the Bahamas, Barbados, and other West Indies. islands. The book is packed with infor- mation, and is of particular interest to The Return of the Lord Jesus. By Rev. the members of the Anglican Church. R. A. Torrey, D.D. Paper. 12mo. 160 pn. 25 cents. Bible Institute of NOTEWORTHY ARTICLES IN OCTO- Los Angeles, California, 1914. BER MAGAZINES Like most of Dr. Torrey's writings, The most able and Christian state- this is a clear, logical, spiritual Bibli- ment concerning "The War and Mis- cal statement on the subject of our Lord's return to earth-the importance, sions" is that by Rev. J. H. Oldham the certainty, the manner, the results, the time and our attitude toward it. ill the International RevieVJ of Missions The study is instructive and practically for October. Tho written by a British subject, even the Germans could scarcely helpful. find anything to criticize in its spirit or statements. Another striking article in Silver Chimes in Syria. By Wm. S. Nel- the same number is on "Vestiges of son, D.D. Illustrated. lZmo. 195 pp. Heathenism Within the Church in the 7Sc., lIet. The -VVestminster Press, Mission Field," by Dr. Johannes War- Philadelphia, 1914. neck, missions inspector of the Rhenish These glimpses of life and work in Missionary Society.

Syria give an excellent idea of the sur- Those who are looking for a bright, roundings and experiences of a mission- readable article on Bible work will find ary in Aleppo and Tripoli-with occa- it in "Colporteurs and Common Sense," sional side trips. Little has been written in The Bible in the World (B. & F. B. on this subject, and those who have read S.), for October. "Habeeb, the Beloved" will need no urging to renew their acquaintance with the In reading what various experts have to say about "The War's Science," as author. given in the October American Review of Reviews-a notable war number-:-one Presbyterian Home Missions in Ken- is profoundly stirred by the thought of tucky. A Class-Book for Mission what would result if the Christians of the Study. Rev. I. Cochrane Hunt, Editor. world took as seriously ~e work of mis- 12mo. 263 pp. 50 cents. Transylvania sions as the nations take the business of Printing Co., Lexington, Ky., 1914. war. Not many States in America can boast The World Outlook, which promises of a text-book devoted to its missionary needs and work. The Home Mission Synod of Kentucky has set an example that other states would do well to follow.

to be an achievement in missionary jour- The Balkan Wars, 1912-1913. By Jacob Gould Schurman. Maps, 12mo, 140 pp. nalism, is to be published by the Board $1.00. net. Princeton UniveJsity Press, Princeton, 1914. c of Foreign Missions of the Methodist In the Vulgar Tongue. Popular Report Episcopal Church, beginning with De- of the British and Foreign Bible So- cember. ciety. 12mo, 135 pp. Bible House, Queen Victoria Street, London, 1914. Dr. Samuel M.Zwemer, the well-known authority on Mohammedanism, con- Battling and Building Amongst the Bhiis. tributes to The Homiletic Review a paper Illustrated, 95 pp., Is. net. Church Mis- worth reading on "The Future of Turk- sionary Society, London, 1914. ish Arabia"-a land still terra incognita to the majority of Americans. Dr. Zwe- Through Europe on the Eve of War.

mer has also a strong paper on "The A Record of Personal Experiences; Including an Account of the First United Christendom and Islam" in the current Constructive Quarterly. W orId Conference of The Chambers for International Peace. By Frederick The article on "Agricultural Training in India," by Sam Higginbottom, of Al- Lynch, D.D. 12mo, 152 pp. Church lahabad, in Men and Missions, will be a Peace Union, 70 Fifth Ave., New York, revelation to many concerning the need 1914. and value of this work as an arm of mis- The Making of Christianity. By Dr. sions. John C. C. Clarke. The Associated On missionary methods at home, Miss Authors, Inc., 35 W. 39th Street, New Gabrielle Elliot gives valuable hints in York, 1914. the Woman's Wark (for November), in A Chinese Christmas Tree. By Norman her description of "Mission Pageants," Hinsdale Pitman. Illustrated, Boards, their value, and how to run them. Prac- net, 50 cents. Fleming H. Revell Co., tical plans are also given in that excel- Ne'w York, 1914. From Alien to Citizen. The Story of lent monthly of the Southern Presbyterians, The Missionary Survey, in My Life in America. By Edward A. "Methods for the Secretary of Litera- Steiner. Illustrated, 8vo, $1.50, net.

ture," and other articles. Fleming H. Revell Co., New York, A novel side of missionary life and 1914. work is given in a brief account of "Chi- Delia, The Blue Bird of Mulberry Bend. . By Mrs. E. M. Whittemore. Illusnese Boy Scouts in Camp," by J. Randall trated, 12mo, 75 cents, net. Fleming H. Norton, in The Spirit of Missions, the Revell Co., New York, 1914.

ably edited organ of the Domestic and Immigrants in the Making. The Bohe- mians, by Edith Fowler Chase. The Foreign Missionary Society of the Prot- I talians, by Sarah Gertrude Pomeroy. estant Episcopal Church. Illustrated, 12mo, each 25 cents, net.

NEW BOOKS Fleming H. Revell Co., New York, The Call of the East. A Romance of 1914. Far Formosa. By Thurlow Fraser. Prince and Uncle Billy. A First Reader Illustrated, 12mo, 351 pp., $1.25 net. Fleming H. Revell Co., New York, in Home Missions. By Charles Lin- 1914. coln White. 16mo, 50 cents, net. Fleming H. Revell Co., New York, The New Life in China. By Edward Wilson Wallace. Illustrated, 12tno, 114 1914. pp. Paper cover, Is. necf. United The Little Angel of Canyon Creek. By Council for Missionary Education, London, 1914. Cyrus Townsend Brady. $1.25, net. Fleming H. Revell Co., New York, The Work of Christ, Past, Present and Future. By A. C. Gaebelein. 16mo, 1914. 126 pP. 50 cents, postpaid. Publica- The Regeneration of New China. By tion Office, "Our Hope," 456 Fourth Avenue, New York, 1914. Nelson Bitton. Illustrated. 16mo. 282 pp. 2s., net. United Council for Missionary Education, London, 1914. The Holy Land of Asia Minor. The Seven Cities of the Book of Revela- tion. Their Present Appearance, their History, their Significance, and their Message to the Church of To-day. By Rev. Francis E. Clark, D.D., LL.D. Illustrated 12mo. 154 pp. $1.00, net. Charles Scribner's Sons, New Yark, 1914.

Steps Toward Reunion. By W. G. Peel, D.D., Bishop of Mambasa, and J. J.

Willis, D.D., Bishop of Uganda. 70 pp., Is. net. Longmans, London, 1914.

The Missionary Review of the World — September 1914

lINDIANS DREST FOR A RELIGIOUS

Clues to the Contents THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD, SEPTEMBER, 19 14.

SOME QUESTIONS ANSWERED IN THIS NUMBER PREPARED BY MRS. F. M. GILBERT, BROOKLYN, N. Y.

I. What historic use was made of the little Japanese basket? 2. In what oriental country has a woman president of a life insurance company taken up evangelistic work? 3. To what country did Cecil Rhodes say that the world would look in the future for its gold, silver and copper? 4. What was the "Stone of Persecution" and what did it com- memorate? 5. Why was the Bible for Uganda made only three inches long? 6. What errand of the Japanese emissaries so greatly astonished the Chinese Viceroy, Li Hung Chang? 7. In what mission field has the feminist movement gone farthest in the church? 8. Who were fined at the Sunday-school Christmas party? 9. What "two little white devils" have recently come into China? 10. Why did the Japanese say that he felt unworthy to be called a "Christian Traitor?" I I. What imitation of the Bible is being issued by the Buddhists of Japan? 12. What price was asked for the copy of the Roman Catholic Bible in Mexico? 13. To what great task did Li Hung Chang set himself before he died? J 4. Over how many sessions 0 f the Japanese Parliament has a Chris- tian been the presiding officer? IS. Why did the Christian worker never ask God to bless his plans? 10. What modem invention is largely used in the suppression of the opium traffic? 17. How were the prayers of the young Japanese answered after his death? 18. What one English word could the young Japanese say when he visited Perry's ship at midnight? 19. What is the "slogan" of the British-American Tobacco Com- pany in China? 20. What peculiar reaSon made the father so anxious to have his daughter attend the mission-school? MEXICANS AS ROMAN SOLDIERS IN THEIR PASSION WEEK PARADE S!:MM~fHr'LLLEE.SS CIFI' SI'ECTAACCCl:LAR RELIIGGWIOO::-"I,' IN MEXICO

XXXVII, NO.9 I2Y W

Old Series E D SEPTEMBER, 1914 Vol. XXVII, NO.9 New Series I A FORWARD STEP IN MEXICO mission activities. Five Committees were appointed to whom was referred WITH the resignation of Huerta all questions to be taken up by the and the drawing together of Conference.

the warring factions in Mexico, the (1) Press and Publications prospects of peace and prosperity are (2) Theological Education and Training brightening for the harassed people of the republic. It is eminently Schools fitting, therefore, that the missionary (3) General Committee on Education forces should also come together in (4) Territorial Occupation conference and plan for better co- (5) General Committee to consider all operation and greater efficiency: From June 30th to July 1st a most im- other questions portant meeting was held in Cincinnati at the call of the Latin- The spirit of unity, of harmony, American Committee of the Foreign of brotherly love, of willingness to Mission Boards of North America. cooperate, was so pronounced that a Sixty delegates, represented eleven practical unanimous vote was ob- Boards and Societies engaged in evan- tained on nearly all the recomgelical work in Mexico, and included mendations. leading secretaries and missionaries of all the important Protestant organiza- The following are among the retions having work in Mexico. commendations for cooperation that will be made to the various Boards A most careful study was made of and Societies, and which we hope the locatIon of all the Protestant will be adopted by them as the basis Mission Work in Mexico, and the for future work in Mexico. facts concerning qhe population, schools, churches, and various other 1. In publication work a Joint Depository .and SeIling Agency at Mexico City; the present Church Papers united into one; an illustrated The editors seek to preserve accuracy and to manifest the spirit of Christ in the pages of this REVIEW" but do not acknowledge responsibility for opinions exprest, nor for positions taken by contributors of signed artides in these pages.-EDITORS.

Young People's Paper; a joint pub- lation of over five millions have no lishing plant in Mexico City. resident foreign missionaries. In same states there is one missionary 2. In Theological Education the to each I2,000 people; in others not establishment of a Bible Institute, one to a million. There are thirtyto be known as "The Bible Institute nine mission high-schools in fifteen and Theological Seminary of the states, while in the other fifteen, Evangelical Church in Mexico," with a population of six millions, under the control of a Board of there are no such institutions. Directors elected by the Missions or churches cooperating in its support. In view of these facts a resolu- A complete course of Theological tion was presented, calling for the Instruction, Courses in Bible, redistribution of all the work of all Methods of Church Work, Music, the Boards so that the entire terriand for those who wish to serve as tory should be occupied; that there Evangelists, Y.M.C.A. and Y.W.CA. should be no congestion of schools Secretaries, Deaconesses and Lay or churches; and that denominations Workers. It was recommended that closely affiliated, like the Northern the Institute be located at Coyoacan, and Southern Baptists, Northern and Federal District, on the property Southern Presbyterians, should be now used by the Presbyterian Mis- given distinct sections of the country sion for its College and Seminary. contiguous, so that the work might be carried on more efficiently. 3. In General Education that Domestic and Manual Arts be taught In closing its report this Committee in all schools; that Elementary Mis- on Territorial Occupation recomsion Schools be carried on wherever mended that in the development of there are organized congregations. the work in Mexico, and in the At least one high-school for boys effort to provide for the occupation and one for girls in each missionary of the whole country definite denomiterritory; a joint committee on educa- nations be regarded as primarily responsible for the occupation and a tion, to supervise and unify all the missionary cultivation of the States indicated. educational work; consolidation of the higher grades of the primary The delegates were ready to yield schools in places occupied by two personal preference and even deor more denominations; a union col- nominational advantage, if thereby lege for men and women at some the work of the Kingdom might be central place; normal, industrial and advanced. (See Map facing p. 661.) kindergarten tra1l1111g schools at some central place. 5. The General Committee on Mexico recommended the appoint- 4. Possibly the most important ment of a Committee of five, to discussion centered about the question prepare "A Message to the Mexican of territorial occupation. There was People," patterned after the "Mesat the outbreak of the recent re- sage to the Japanese People," pubvolution an average of one foreign lished last year, and signed by seven mIssIOnary (including wives) to hundred missionaries at work in 70,000 of the population, but four- Japan. teen states of Mexico, with a popu-

OF THE

Another important recommenda- the property destroyed and the busition was that while the various evan- ness losses. In addition to this, Italy gelical bodies of Christians at work and Greece, Holland, Belgium, Denin Mexico should each retain its own mark and other countries may be denominational name, that henceforth drawn into the conflict. In that case all the churches should be known by 800,000 more men would be added to the common appellation of "The those bent on the needless murder of Evangelical Church of Mexico," the their fellows. special name of the denomination being added in brackets. The immediate occasion for all this fiamingpassion and destruction was If these plans are adopted by the the assassination of the Crown Prince Mission Boards and are put into of Austria, for which Servia was effect with the full cooperation of the charged with responsibility. Austria various missionary bodies a new era determined upon revenge, Russia will dawn for Mexjco and an stept in to protect her protege, example will be set to the workers Germany as an ally of Austria joined in other lands. against the Great Bear, while France and England have come to the aid of THE EUROPEAN CONFUCT their ally Russia. The whole conflict seems useless, suicidal, murderous, WITH scarcely a moment's warn- criminal. What the end will be only ing six of the so-called Chris- God can tell. Is it the beginning of the end-the wars of Nations-the tian nations of Europe have turn:d conflict at Armageddon, the final from the pursuits of peace an.! cataclysm? Some so prophesy, as friendly intercourse to engage in a they have prophesied before. Even deadly conflict that would seem not the wisest may not be able perfectly only unreasonable, but impossible in to read the signs of the times, but we this enlightened age. Diplomacy has believe that even in this the final good been futile, the Hague Peace Tri- purpose of the Almighty will be bunal is an empty farce, the inter- wrought out. God rules the universe, marriage of European sovereigns not tho for a time men and nations only fails to prevent conflict but may refuse to follow His leading and makes this a patricidal strife. Ex- to obey His principles. After the pediency, cost in men and money, storm will come peace, and the time business interests, even the profest will come when men shall learn and religion of Jesus Christ have all practis·e war no more. Experience failed to prevent this dreaded and teaches what the Gospel proclaims, deadly conflict. that neither self-interest nor expedi- ency, the terrible destl.-uctiveness of The combined popul;rtions of Servia, modern warfare nor the financial in- Austria-Hungary, Russia, Germany, fluence of commerce, the friendly France and Great Britain (not includ- intercourse of nations, nor the growth ing Colonies), amounts to over three of intellectual culture will prevent men hundred and forty millions. The avail- f rom entering upon foolish and useless able armies and navies number seven- conflicts-the only hope for the world teen million men, and it is estimated that the conflict will cost not less than $10,000,000 a day, in addition to all

is absolute surrender and full obedi- gan in April, I9I3) in Japan. March ence to the will of God as revealed I, I9I4 was appointed as a special in the life and teachings of Jesus day of prayer for work and workers Christ our Lord. May He come in the Sunrise Kingdom. quickly whose right it is to reIgn. "Even so come, Lord Jesus." The resident Protestant Christians (according to the census) now num- PLANS TO EVANGELIZE JAPAN ber 52,972, or a little over one in 1,000 of the population. The goal AS a result of the Continuation set is more than 100 per cent. increase in the missionary force Committee Conference in Japan -or from 406 to 1,000, or about one last year definite plans are being work- to 50,000 of the population, and a ed out for a more adequate occupation fourfold increase of Japanese workof neglected fields, and a combined ers-from I,366 to 5,ooo-or one and systematic effort to reach classes to every 10,000 of the people. An in that Empire. It is important to urgent call also comes for a Union note that while the population of the ·Christian University, and a federation islands (not including Korea and of the Christian schools already es- Formosa) is 51,287,091, four-fifths tablished. are living in rural communities, and 96 per cent. of these are as yet un- japan is not yet adequately occutouched by direct Christian influences. pied for Christ. The doors are wide open, the hearts of men are pre- There is a general spirit of coopera- pared as never before, the people and tion among Protestant Christian work- the Government alike are confessing ers in Japan, and in country districts their need of a new moral basis that there is little overlapping or duplica- the old religions do not supply, and tion of effort. While only one-fifth are tacitly if not openly looking to of the· population live in cities three- Christianity to furnish this basis. fifths of the missionary force is now N ow is the accepted time for Japan. located in eight of the large cities. THE BAPTIST PROGRAM The classes among the Japanese most neglected are the agriculturists, A NOTABLE series of meetings of merchants, coolies, military and naval forces, priests, nobility, prisoners, Baptists was held in Boston, geisha girls and prostitutes. when over three thousand represen- tatives came to celebrate the one The plans now under consideration, hundredth Anniversary of the Amerior in process of promotion include can Baptist Mission, and for the an increase of Christian missionaries; Annual Northern Baptist Convena division of unoccupied territory; tion (June I7-25). Among other an effort to increase the number and steps taken for an advance movement efficiency of Japanese Christian work- was the appointment of a strong ers; eminent Christian speakers from United Missionary Campaign Comabroad to cond~ct meetings and con- mittee, with Rev. Emory W. Hunt, ferences for the deepening of Spir~ D.D., as Chairman, to conduct an tual life, and a three-years' united extensive and comprehensive camevangelistic campaign to reach all paign: (1) To recover lapsed memclasses and communities (this be-

bers and win others to Christ; (2) missions is a marked sign of the To study the social needs of the times. various committees and make an effort to meet them; (3) for the AMERICAN UNIVERSITIES AND missionary education of the whole church. MISSIONS The American Baptist Foreign COLLEGES and universities were Mission Society appropriately cele- .J originally founded to train Chrisbrated the centenary by electing as Honorary President for life the Rev. tian scholars and ministers, and the Edward L. Judson, D.D., son of the mlssIOnary enterprise has always famous pioneer American Baptist drawn on them for a majority of the missionary. missionaries sent out. To-day, how- ever, the relationship is even more According to the reports given at vital. The movement among the unithe Convention the Baptists are doing versities toward direct representation a "billion dollar business." Their on the mission field, sometimes acting church property is valued at $167,- through the boards, and sometimes in- 000,000, and the current expenses dependently, is a comparatively recent annually amount to over $20,000,080. development, and is steadily growing. There are now seven hundred Bap- The first in the field was the British tist missionaries of the Foreign Mis- Universities Mission of Central Afsion Society on the field, and the rica. Princeton both mans and financontributions have increased from ces the Y. M. C. A. work in Peking, $1,000 of one hundred years ago to and to-day the Princeton building is over $r,ooo,ooo during the past year. the most imposing modern edifice _in In one hundred years about 330,000 Peking. Harvard men have made converts have been gathered from themselves responsible for the upheathenism. Baptism in European building of a medical school at Shangstations brings the number up to hai, now a noteworthy and widely 585,000. 60 per cent. of the native known institution. The University of mission churches are now self-sup- Pennsylvania's work is of the same porting. kind, til1 recently at Canton, now to be carried on elsewhere. Oberlin, some During the coming century the ten years ago, undertook a work in Baptists propose to emphasize the the province of Shansi, where Oberdevelopment of native churches and lin missionaries perished in the Boxer leaders on the mission fields. insurrection, and where Oberlin now is in charge of educational work The Baptist Home Mission Society through all grades in a large district. plans in future to cooperate more Dartmouth men have raised sufficient ~losely with state conventions, and funds to support a Dartmouth reprewith city mission sodeties. Two sentative in the High School at Margreat problems are the foreigners din, Turkey, and are sending out Mr. settled in New England, and the Edward J ahn, a direct descendant of supply of pastors for churches speak- the founder of Dartmouth. Yale ing foreign languages. men have a mission in Hunan, at Changsha, in the heart of China, for The increase in missionary states- "Ya-Li" opened as a col1egiate school manship, both in home and foreign

in 1906; a hospital and dispensary GERMAN UNION IN CAPE COLONY was started in 1968. The University FOR o.01'lle time overtures have of Michigan has also undertaken the been made among the three support of a medical mission in Ara- German miSSIOn SOCieties, Berlin, bia, and other colleges and universi- Barmen .and Brudergemeinde, in the ties are linking up to this forward western part of Cape Colony, seek- Christian movement. The reflex in- ing closer union. These overtures fluence on college men is helping to were furthered through a conference develop them in character and prac- of the superintendent of the three tical Christian service. societies at the Berlin Station, River- MISSIONARY CONFERENCES FOR dale (December 9-I1). The super- TEACHERS intendents found that the three so- cieties desired not only to work N various parts of the world, the together, but entire church union. ] student movement is paying special It was resolved to form a committee attention to a class of professional students who have hitherto had little of six, who would work out the consideration, namely, those prepar- necessary plans. The proposals of ing to be teachers. The British this comm.ittee are then to be pre- Student Movement, in addition to the sented to the several conferences for two general summer conferences, has approval. If possible, a general conheld for the first time a special con- ference Qf all missionaries of the ference for students in Normal Col- three societies is to be called in 1915. leges, i.e., for those who are pre- One great need is a union school paring to teach in elementary schools. for the education of native helpers This is designed to help them in and preachers. The Seminary of the their preparation for their life-work Brudergemeinde in Gnadenthal has by raising their ideals concerning been considered for this purpose. their profession, by helping them The publication of a union weekly with some of their special problems, such as the teaching of Scripture, and paper is also planned, to be printed by bringing them the spiritual help in Gnadenthal, and edited by miswhich it is the aim of the Summer sionary Marx of the Bruderge- meinde, and by the Rhenish mission- Conferences to give to the students ary Holzapfel. A new union hymll who attend. In Ceylon also a new book is also under consideration.

feature in the student movement this A conference of representatives of year has been a Conference of Chris- the home administrations of the tian Teachers. Teaching hitherto has societies in question, which took been looked upon as a profession place in Berlin in February, heartily only to be entered if the door to law agreed to the proposals of the Cape or medicine or the civil service was Conference.

not open. At this conference those CHINESE PROVERBS who were present realized, many of them for the first time, what a noble "The deeper your cave, the smaller calling is theirs and what opportuni- is your heaven."

ties they have for Christian service "Do no wrong by light and you'll in the classroom and outside. see no devil at night."

ANNTTII–CCHHRRIISSTnIAN EDICTS WERE POSTED IN

The Tokiw a Bridge over the ounter moat of the Castle. The old ediect·board prohibiting Christianity is behind the fence, under cover A Missionary Statesman of Japan GLIMPSES OF THE LIFE AND WORK OF DANIEL CROSBY GREENE BY WM. ELLLIOTT GRI[FFIS, D.DO., LL.RR..DD.

OD works not in one only foreign craft then admitted ~ land and age only, but into the waters of Japan. The offer- ing, on that. day amounted to fifteen G His Holy Spirit moves, dollars. In this company was prob- in all ages and in many ably a young man, Mr. David Greene, who that year began two Im~. j. –e~ ~;, lands, to bring about decades of service as Secretary of one result. N early a the American Board of Commissioncentury ago, a stream of influences etr·s for Foreign Missions. His wife, began to flow out in Japan to meet the granddaughter of Roger Sher- the rill from "far off" America. man, a signer of the Declaration of When these united · they were to Independence, was a daughter of become like the river of Ezekiel's Jeremiah Evarts, also the Board Sec- viissiioonn–aa life-giving stream. retary and its Treasurer during twenty years. On January 7, 1828, at the home of William Ropes in Brookline, To David Greene and his wife Mass.., a little company of Congre- were born twelve children, one of gationalists assembled to pray for whom, Daniel Crosby Greene, saw the the conversion of the world. A light at Roxbury, near Boston, on tiny basket, made in J apan, WWw<J<l~~ February II, 1843. In 1848 the placed on the table to receive the family removed to Westboroo, Massaoffering. It · may have been bought from a sailor on a Dutch ship, the

MMIISSSSIIOONNAARRYY RREEVVIIEEWW OOFF TTHHEE WWOORRLLDD ((SSeepptteemmbbeerr

cchhuusseettttss,, wwhheerree,, aanndd aatt WWiinnddssoorr,, VVeerr– ccoonnffiinneemmeenntt,, hhee sseett uupp aa sscchhooooll ttoo mmoonntt,, yyoouunngg ""CCrroossbbyy"" ssppeenntt tthhee eeaarrllyy wwhhiicchh fflloocckkeedd aaddmmiirriinngg ppuuppiillss.. OOnn yyeeaarrss ooff hhiiss lliiffee.. HHiiss mmootthheerr ddiieedd PPrreessiiddeenntt GGaarrffiieelldd''ss tthheeoorryy aass ttoo iinn 11885500 aanndd hhiiss ffaatthheerr iinn 11886666.. TThhrreeee wwhhaatt ccoonnssttiittuutteess aa uunniivveerrssiittyy**–hheerree yyeeaarrss llaatteerr hhee hhiimmsseellff bbeeccaammee tthhee wwaass oonnee ooff tthhee ggrreeaatteesstt sscchhoooollss eevveerr''

ffiirrsstt mmiissssiioonnaarryy ooff tthhee AAmmeerriiccaann kknnoowwnn oonn aannyy ccoonnttiinneenntt.. IIttss ggrraadduu– BBooaarrdd iinn tthhee EEmmppiirree ooff tthhee RRiissiinngg aatteess,, iinnssppiirreedd aanndd kkiinnddlleedd bbyy tthhee ffiirree Sun. of tthheeiirr mmaasstteerr''ss spirit, created a IInn the meantime, in tthhiiss hermit nnaattiioonn.. LLaatter, they became leading empire, seven' tthhoouussaanndd mmiilleess aawwaayy,, pprriinncceess,, aammbbaassssaaddoorrss,, premiers, mmiinn– was bbreaking the rosy dawn of a isters off state, eminent jurists, and new day. Even then a few far-see- military leaders. There were such ing minds saw that Japan had re- well-known men, as Ito, Kido, trograded by isolating herself from Yamagata, Katsura, and others who the world. It was on a biography of have made and guided the new Japan one of these Japanese "morning stars that has surprized the world.

of the reformation" of 1868, named So it came to pass that, in God's Takano, that Daniel Crosby Greene plan, the two streams of influence spent the last hours of his life, trans- in the East and the West united to lating into English, in 1913, the native form one river for blessing the world.

biography. In the line of spiritual Katsura, mightiest of Dai Nippon's succession to Takano was a scholar modern premiers, and Daniel Crosby named Yoshida Shoin, who after Greene, the "father of the American rowing in a fisherman's boat many mission in Japan," were born within miles in the darkness, stood at mid- four years of each other. After forty night on the deck of Commodore years or more of service on the Perry's ship. To the officer of the same soil, they died at nearly the deck, he could utter but one intelli- same time and within a few miles gible word; "America 1 America 1" of each other. In the world's har- The bosom and sleeves of this pas- vest field, tho with variant methods sionate pilgrim on the road to know- and ideals, they were binding the ledge were stuffed full of paper and selfsame sheaf. Which was the writing materials to take notes of greater? Some, who are well able what he should see in the United to judge, think that the excellency States. of both dignity and power belongs UUnnddeerr tthhee bbaann ooff a government ttoo tthhee mmissionary.

that excluded all aliens and included My oowwnn rremembrances of DDrr.. aanndd all its people in the prison ooff ignor- MMrrss.. GGrreeeennee bbeeggaann aatt 99 AA..MM..,, on annccee,, Yoshida Shain was thus risking Washington's birthday in 1188771I,, at lliiffee aanndd lliimmbb,, bbrraavviinngg ttoorrttuurree aanndd KKoobbee,, wwhheerree,, aass bbrriiddee aanndd ggrroooomm,, ppuunniisshhmmeenntt.. CCoommmmooddoorree PPeerrrryy,, iinn tthheeyy wweerree mmaakkiinngg aa nneeww hhoommee iinn aa hhoonnoorr bboouunndd,, rreemmaannddeedd hhiimm ttoo tthhee ffoouurr–rroooommeedd bbuunnggaallooww.. OOnn mmyy wwaayy aauutthhoorriittiieess,, aanndd hhee wwaass tthhrr~~wwnn iinnttoo ffrroomm TTookkyyoo,, ttoo tthhee wweesstt ccooaasstt,, II pprriissoonn aanndd wwaass aafftteerrwwaarrdd hhaannddeedd ssttoopptt aatt tthhee nneeww sseeaappoorrtt,, tthheenn hhaarrddllyy oovveerr ttoo tthhee aauutthhoorriittiieess ooff hhiiss ccllaann iinn tthhee ffaarr ssoouutthh.. TThheerree,, iinn ddoommiicciilliiaarryy •• AA lloogg ooff wwoooodd.. wwiitthh MMaarrkk HHooppkkiinnss aass tteeaacchheerr aatt oonnee eenndd,, aanndd aa ppuuppiill aatt tthhee ootthheerr..

A MISSIONARY STATESMAN OF

five years old. There was then no tained with which to start the mis- railway or telegraph, milled coin, sioan? N ow emerges a romance of or postage stamp, or indeed hardly missions! That little Japanese basket anything which might suggest the before the praying company at Japan of to-day. Both animate Brookline, in 1828, no doubt redo- and inanimate objects had a strange lent with an "Oriental fragrancy," and medieval, as well as an oriental proved to be in 1869 "a golden vial, look. Within that Christian dwell- ing place, however, it seemed as DANIEL CROSBY GREENE if all the glory and brightness of the western homeland had found full of odors, which are the prayers their focus. My hosts were hos- of the saints." The gifts of coin pitable and charming in manners, dropt into that basket, with the and there was also an aroma of idea of having Japan some day open refinement and high ideals that cap- to the gospel, continued for several tivated one. I recall with what fine years, and amounted to $600. The spirit, yet with true courtesy, this American Board added $600 and put patriot (who had been a soldier in the total, $1,200, out at interest. In the Rhode Island Cavalry during the 1869 this money, with added sums Civil War) defended his country and interest amounted to $4,I04.23, against the cynical diatribes of a enough to pay the passage of the woman who attacked indiscrimin- two pioneer missionaries and to atingly all things American. There, start the mission in Japan. The too, I met a very winsome young original members of the band kept Japanese scholar, Ichikawa, of whom on praying, and one left $500 in her I shall speak again. After two days will for further work. I left Kobe with regret, to dis- appear-by boat up the river and The pioneers sailed, November 4th, . by horseback over the monntains- from San Francisco, on the America, into the great northern Buddhist and after a voyage of twenty-six stronghold, Echizen. For a year the days, sighted Fujiyama and landed Greenes were my nearest Christian at Yokohama. neighbors, tho scores of · leagues away.

On the 13th of July, 1869, after Joseph Neesima had pleaded with Congregationalists to open a mission in his country, the Prudential Com- mittee of the American Board re- commended the Commissioners to begin the work in the Sunrise Land. At Pittsburg, Pa., next year, the proposal was ratified by the Board, and Daniel Crosby Greene and his bride were' chosen to go as ·pioneers.

vVhere was the l11nney to be ob-

They spent the winter at Tokyo months, before Dr. Greene's teacher, and opened services in English for Ichikawa, was seized in the dead the few foreigners in that city of of night and thrown into a hidden a million people. In the spring they prison. Undaunted by the menace decided to settle at Kobe and ar- of death, he confest himself a rived there on March 31, 1870. Christian, and tho the sword did not With the exception of Rev. (after- fall, he died in prison November 25, ward Bishop) C. M. Williams, in 1872. These were the days of brutal Osaka, twenty miles away, the persecution that makes Japan of Greenes were the only missionaries 1914 hang her head in shame. between Yokohama and Nagasaki. Afterward, in discussing this In 1871 no organized Christian matter with the American minister, church yet existed in Japan, tho nine De Long, a rough but noble speci- believers had been privately baptized. men from Nevada, I heard him Some daring young leaders had car- predict the failure of the great ried the boy Mikado to Tokyo and embassy then starting to the Treaty had there set up a new government, Powers and round the world. So whose stability was as yet very un- long as the Japanese practised bar- certain. Over two hundred daimios, barism, the nations would mock at some like independent princes, trav- their claims to b~ reckoned as civil- eled with armed retinues ·and before ized. The embassy heard the' same them the common people prostrated sentiment from Secrct.lfY Hamilton themselves by the roadside. The Fish in vVashington, and every other capital was thronged with two- capital of Christendom. sworded clansmen only too ready to use their murderous weapons. No Through bitter exp:·rience they national army or navy was yet in discovered the fact, and splendidly existence. The Government made did they acknowledge their mistake slight concealment of its hostility and make reparation. en the 19th to the foreign religion. In all the of February, 1872, a~ tho by the cities, towns and. villages, by the waving of a magician's wand, the . ferries and in the market places, Ko-satsu disappeared. The way in there glittered the fresh, black ink which the Tokyo statesman induced of the notice-boards on which were the blood-thirsty Shinto and Bud- renewed the old edicts against "the dhist fanatics to cease their open evil sect called Christian." With my persecution was by saying: "the own eyes I saw bands of native people are already sufficient!yac- Roman Catholic Christians, roped quainted with the matter." To-day together by scores and hundreds, sent only a few of the once terrifying under armed guard to distant moun- wooden edict boards survive in the tain prisons. This spectacle of suf- museums. This persecution of 1~70 fering humanity, in which the tradi- was fairly attributed to the abr,sed tion of the old faith had been kept dogma of Mikadoism. secretly for two centuries, imprest me mightily. Dr. Greene was first of all a scholar, and yet he possest intense I had been in Fukui less than four penetrative sympathy. Throl1ghout his adult life he was a humanist. He

A MISSIONARY STATESMAN OF

attended college at Middlebury and the conservative views melted to- Dartmouth, and studied theology in gether as in dissolving film pictures, Chicago and Andover. Tho satu- and the result was a most successful rated with scholastic theories, he was version, smooth and luminous. yet never frightened by the newer learning that unhorsed many a Besides the classics of the ancient doughty pulpiteer at home and made worlds of thought, Dr. Greene read others juggle with their consciences easily French, German, and Italian, often refreshing his mind by un- A RURAL TOWN IN JAPAN It was :ssuucch towns as this that Dr. Greene visited on his missionary journeys (Notice the fire·bell all the ladder) between pelf and truth. To Daniel shackling it from his own inherited Greene there was no "new," no "old" mental molds and his own vernacutheology, but always eternal truth lar. French helped him in transfreshly apprehended. He could dis- lation to shake off the too strong tinguish between the windmills of influence of the English versionspeculation and the masonry of solid which becomes the snare to so many reasoning. He sat for years with missionary translators. He sought, Hepburn and Brown-men of the as a prospector for gold, and often older day and scholarship-in the waited long for the right, the sutr.anslation of the Holy Scriptures. preme word. He insisted his chil- Without clash, the progressive and dren should know Ccesar and other

classic authors, not only as texts or of Doctor of Divinity, and in later instruments of torture to young years, his own alma 11).ater, Dartminds, but as real history and liter- mouth, conferred the degree of ature. He encouraged his Japanese LL.D. brethren to be familiar with the best currents of the world's thoughts, re- A revelation of Dr. Greene's daily commending Bergson and Eucken. habits of exercise, and one secret of In a word, he belonged to the cos- his vigor, is seen in his celebration mopolitan world of letters and of of the completion of the New Testathe literature that endures beyond ment in Japanese in 1880, when he kingdoms and empires. and Mrs. Greene walked to Yokoska, thirteen miles from Yokohama. After organizing a foreign and a native church at Kobe. the Greenes Dr. Greene's constant and penesettled in Yokohama, in June, 1874, trating sympathy with the people and there the doctor issued an among whom he lived enabled him edition of the Chinese New Testa- to see the Japanese side of things. ment for Japanese readers-a work For over forty years he was the of vast value, especially in that wise and generous interpreter of critical epoch. Japan to the world. Once, on visit- ing a temple, when a native was No educational institution in praying, he led his friends aside America had so vital a hold on mod- until the suppliant's devotions were ern Japan, at its beginning, as Rut- over. He was a true statesman in gers College, and probably none was seeing into the heart of movements in such close touch with the old home that seemed at first to hinder the in Europe. The motto of the college growth of the Kingdom, but which on the Raritan is that of Utrecht often proved dynamos driving' it on the Rhine, in the N etherlands-· toward the goal. Yet Dr. Greene "Sol justitiae illustra," with the addi- was not blind to the faults of the tion of "et _occidentetn))-or, in full, canny islanders. He knew how "Sun of (Divine) Justice, illuminate these people despise flatterers, especialso the West." In 1866, the first ally those who seek thus to gain Japanese students sent to study in their ends. No people excel the America arrived at New Brunswick, Japanese in the discernment of true N. J., the educational capital of the friends. Ben Franklin's story of the Reformed Church in America, and ma~ with "an ax to grind" is as for ;everal years Rutgers was the a household word in Japan, and both focus of the new hegira from the Far the jokes and the subtle wisdom of East, piloted by Verbeck. On the poor Richard are highly enjoyed. other hand, the Rutgers graduates They also have a keen appreciation in Japan, a dozen or more in num- for Abraham Lincoln. ber, from Ballagh, to the last one sent out, have made no mean record; A Christian home is a stedfast Dr. Hamilton W. Mabie, "exchange and easily comprehended argument professor" in 1913, being one of the for Christianity. Into the home of latest witnesses. By Rutgers Mr. Mr. and Mrs. Greene, with its high Greene was honored with the degree ideals, were born five sons and three

A MISSIONARY STATESMAN OF

THE PRESIlYTERIAN CHURCH AT KOBE, DECORATED FOR CHRISTMAS daughters,* yet Mrs. Greene was and keeping alive that strong family ever, in public and private, a noble feeling and loyalty that has prevailed helpmate for her husband. Tho the among us ." dust of father and mother now lies in Blue Hill Cemetery (Aoyama) in The summary of Dr. Greene's life Tokyo, to the children the memory is as follows: of their lives is still ever present. Ten years labor (1869-1879) at Like Milton's deathless book, with Kobe; one year's furlough at home; "life beyond life" this home has, six years in Kyoto at Doshisha Unithrough nearly two generations, by versity, teaching theological students spiritual induction, lifted others to who were unable to read text-books the same lofty level. One of the in English, leading the devotional missionaries of the American Board services, planning the architecture of declared in 1913 that "'Pa Greene' Chapel, Hall and Library, with tour- . . . had much to do with kindling ing and evangelical work in Tamba, (18&:>-1886); furlough in Germany '** The roll of these children reveals their parents' for Mrs. Greene's health, (1887influence: (1) Evarts Boutell,J Professor and Dean 1890); 111 Tokyo (1890-1913). in the University of Illinois; (2) Mary Griffin, During these twenty-three years he widow of GDurles ". Griffin, Champaign, Ill.; (3) was virtually Bishop of the mis- Elizabeth, Champaign, Ill.; (4) Roger Sherman, sion, serving on almost every im- U. S. Consul, Hankow, China; (5) Fannie B., portant committee; was trustee of Hankow, China; (6) Daniel Crosby, M.D., Newton several Christian institutions; was CenterJ, 1M1a:as5ss..; (7) Jerome Davis, General Manager for years editor of the Misssiionlt Nee'l''l11'Ss of the Rockefeller Institute of Research in Nerw York City; (8) Edward F., Judge, Bend, Oregon.

(monthly), and "The Christian true friends, and can they distin- MQvement in Japan" (an annual guish between flattery and service? volume); was the constructive and For an answer count up, not' only inspiring leader in almost every new the memorials erected on the soil, but enterprise, induding the organization also the decorations awarded by the of the missio~ into a j~ridical body Emperor to gospel heralds and true holding real estate under the laws servants of mankind. Attend a fuof Japan; supporter of the School neral, like that of Verbeck's or for Foreign Children in Tokyo, and Greene's, and gather there an antiof the Language 5;chool for the dote for the venom dripping out of training of new missionaries in the the ten thousand fangs of yellow vernacular; President of the Ameri- journals or vote-seeking demagogs. can Peace Society of Japan, etc. He led in urging the native churches to In the audience that overflowed assume self-support, and during his the Ban-cho Church, in Tokyo, Seplast weeks was preparing a plan to tember I7, 19I3, sat or stood nobles, celebrate in Japan the centennial statesmen, philanthropists, business anniversary of peace between the men, pastors, church officers, and two great _English-speaking nations. some of the famous Kumamoto band. Dr. Greene was, materially and For one hour and a half they respiritually, a wise master-builder. mained, while verbal, written and fragrant offerings poured in from A woman missionary who herself saddened and grateful hearts. The has been a noble and untiring worker Emperor's tribute, the Decoration of in the field during forty years, re- tne Third Order of the Rising Sun, called, at Dr. Greene's graveside, her told how, from peasant to sovereign, own folly of 1869 at Andover. In all Japan felt the loss. Christian the Old South Church, "a young unity was finely illustrated by the man was pointed out to her as a Mr. presence of speakers and auditors of Greene, who was going to the many denominations. then almost unknown country of . Let us say, of the life thus ended, Japan." She acknowledged that she what is told of the best native sensaid to herself, "How foolish to give tence-poems-"The words stop, but up country, friends, and life In tne thought goes on." Treasured up America for Japan." Three years to "a life beyond life" -is the volume. later, as a missionary's bride, she closed on earth. His race is run, was welcomed into the home of Dr. but it behooves us to take up the and Mrs. Greene in Yokohama. torch that has been relighted at the waning flame. Do Japanese rightly appraise good work and unselfish effort for the up- "Looking unto Jesus, the author and lift of mankind? Do they know finisher of our faith."

Japanese

Campaign BY REV. S. H. WAINWRIGHT, M.D., D.D. Executive Secretary of the Christian Literary Society of Japan Dr. John R. Mott, in sending us this letter for publication, says: "The three years' evangelistic campaign which has recently been inaugurated in Japan and in which all the missions are united, is a result of the Conferences held in Japan last year by the Continuation Committee. This letter throws interesting sidelights on what is now transpiring in nearly all parts of Japan as a result of this carefully planned and wisely led effort. This campaign is the best illustration with which I am familiar of the leaders of all the churches uniting in an effort to proclaim Christ to all the people of a large nation within a measurably short period of time."

N May 15th, I left dining sun. It seemed that I was traveling, not toward the old military IOi Tokyo by express train castle at Takahashi on the top of for the Okayama Pre- the highest summit, but to some fecture, a district rich enchanted region with golden castles ~ in agriculture and of which the Japanese dream. To manufacture in central what passions and struggles in the west Japan. A week had been set internal history of feudal Japan apart by the Committee of the West- these castles throughout the country ern Section for meetings in Okay'ama bear witness! Not only so, the and auxiliary cities, as a part of the patient toil of a subject popUlation National Evangelistic Campaign. A has left here a monument to itself. number of speakers, lay and clerical. What a gigantic task to bring such had been drafted into the service, massive stones from a distance ..and two of whom were assigned to each chisel them into suitable forms, and public meeting. before the days of modern machinery to raise them to their place in the Service at Takahashi castle walls on the tops of high mountains! The Takahashi castle is Leaving the main line of railway on the crest of a mountain three at Okayama, I passed through Inari, thousand feet above the level of the an important center of superstitious sea, a castle in the air, an impregworship, and reached Tatai, where I nable fortress reached only through took a jinrikisha and followed the the winding approach along the winding course of the Takahashi Takahashi Valley. Stone slabs along River along a picturesque road, be- the wayside bearing the inscription tween high mountains and by the side "God of the Land," monuments to of a clear stream, flowing over a bed the . noteworthy. dead, shrines and of gray pebbles. As evening drew temples, and thatched cottages, in on, the valley ahead became lustrous which could be heard and seen the with a silver mist and the crest of domestic looms weaving matting for the mountains glowed with a fringe of light from the rays of the de-

the export tracie, added quaintness With Professor Hino in Kasaoka to the scenes. From Okayama I went to Kasaoka, About three miles this side of an important city by the shore of Takahashi, the pastor and one of the Inland sea, and on the main the official members were waiting to railway line. Here the official memmeet Professor 'Koyama and myself, bers met us at the station. Profesand a little further on six or seven sor Hino, of the Doshisha, was with members were stationed to give us a me to speak, and again the church welcome to their community. No was filled; all listened until eleven sooner were we seated on the floor in o'clock without showing the least a good Japanese home, than other bit of weariness. In the audience members of the church (Congrega- were Buddhist priests drest in tional) called and extended to us a their characteristic robes, and many cordial greeting. The bustle at the of the prominent people of the comchurch when we entered made still munity. One who had resided in more certain the favorableness of America spoke with pride of having our opportunity. The church build- heard D. L. Moody and Lyman ing was filled by eight o'clock, and Abbott. about seventy-five boys sat in front on the floor. Every seat was occu- The Salvation Army, the Methopied· below and in the gallery, while dists and Congregationalists had men were standing at the back of united for the meetings at Kasaoka. the room and outside every window. Enjoying a good degree of popu- When the second message had been larity among the Japanese, the Saldelivered, it was a quarter to eleven vation Army is extending its work 0'clock, and yet all remained. No into the interior, and, without the one seemed to be wearied or inclined ordinances, is assuming the form of to hurry away. an ecclesiastical body or church. I asked the young officer, a Japanese, I remained over for the service the if the ordinances were administered next morning at eleven o'clock, i.t to those who united with them. He being the Sabbath, and spoke to a replied that they had nothing but a good-sized congregation on the "swearing in" ceremony. The preachtheme of "The Cross." On the plat- ing service was most effective, and form there lay a rough stone, the much enthusiasm was felt by the size of a man's head, into which had local Christians for the cause. The been chiseled in Japanese "Stone of results of the meetings can not be Persecution." In the foundation of fully known, as the net was not cast, the building similar stones had been the plan being to foIlow up the work laid, gathered up after an attack on with personal visitation. the first preaching place in that community which had been de- Madam Hiraoka at Tsuyama molished with these stones. Now, leading men in the community are On the 18th I returned to Okamembers of the congregation, and yama and took a light railway to enjoy in peace the word which at Tsuyama, a castle town in the hills first they received in much affliction. on a high plateau. Madam Hiraoka with her valet was on the same train,

JAPANESE EVANGELISTIC

and was to be my co-worker in the seated. The sobs of women could meetings at Tsuyama. She is a be heard in the audience, and the daughter of the Mitsui family, one men sat with bowed heads, as prayer of the wealthiest in Japan, and best after prayer, such as are fashioned by known in industrial circles. She her- the Spirit, went up to God for those self is very wealthy and has large present, for the community, and for investments. She was converted two the nation. and a half years ago, at the age of sixty-one. She wore foreign attire, Madam Hiraoka has a message on including a foreign hat, spoke a little her heart, born of deep convictions, broken English, and proved to be a She proclaimed the failure of the most interesting companion. Six Bushido morality. The corruptions hundred women gathered in the exposed recently were most scandachurch for an afternoon meeting, lOllS in naval circles where Bushido and listened with profound interest was strongest. I recalled while she and attention. to the addresses, especi- was speaking a stupid article written ally to that of Madam Hiraoka. At by the editor of the Hibbert Journal night, she told the mixed audience in praise of Bushido at the close of which filled the church the story of the Russo-Japanese war, entitled, "Is her conversion. It was a beautiful the Moral Supremacy of Christentestimony to Christ, related with dom Threatened?" Another striking sympathy of style-the thankful ex- point in her address at Tsuyama was pression of one who felt she had the warning she sounded that the trifled away time and come near Japanese people were in danger of losing heaven and her own soul. I committing the error that brought have heard no Japanese Christian destruction upon the Jewish nation. speak who had a truer perception of "If we," said Madam Hiraoka, "conthe significance of the word "grace," tinue to regard ollrselves as a pecuthe strictest test of one's understand- liar people and fail to embrace God's ing of the genius of the Christian world religion, the nation can not religion. escape its doom."

Fortunately, I had chosen for my With the Mayor of Kuraahiki theme the Christian' salvation. In the meetings in Japan they insist From Tsuyama we returned to upon having a subject for one's ser- Okayama, and thence took a, train mon, and this and the name of the on the main line to Kurashiki. Here speaker are written on a long strip there are modern factories am! of paper in perpendicular writing wealth, and some of the leading busiand suspended in the front of the ness men and officials are Christians. room where all can read them. At Rev. T. Miyagawa, Chairman of the the close of the meeting the pastor Evangelistic Committee of the Westasked all to retire who wished to do ern Section, and one of the foreso, and others to remain for prayer. most pastors of the nations, was with The solemnity of the moment was me. His preaching was earnest and impressive. Scarcely more than ten courageous. He did not spare the persons left the room. All remained nation's sins, the corruptions recently exposed in the navy, in one of the

greatest Buddhist sects, and in the Chr:st. As a result of the new Household Department. In fact, industrial awakening, materialism has Japanese preaching has undergone a permeated Japanese society and inchange recently in the presence of stitutions, but the prevailing worldnational evils. Hitherto, the preach- !:ness gave no alarm until men saw ers have not been inclined, as Bunyan ~l:-'ecific forms of evil of which it has would say, "To roar against sin." become the fruitful source. The Now, like Savonarola, their cry to question now is, what will give their nation is : "Your sins have ascendency to the spiritual over the made us prophets." The inclination material? Buddhism, like some among Japanese preachers has been forms of Christianity, finds itself too rather to inform the intellect. Now, negative as to primal truths to bethey seek to grip the conscience hy come courageous, positive or vital. relating particular evils to the moral The Christian religion is confronted law. with an opportunity parallel to that of the 'eighties; but it is a changed After service, _I accepted an in- opportunity. Then, Christianity was vitation to spend the night with the sought as a good thing; now its Mayor of the city, Mr. Kimura. His acceptance is felt by many to be a residence is an elegant Japanese necessity to save the nation. Yashiki, laid out in the style prevailing in feudal days. But within we The Church at Takaya found the atmosphere of Christian devotion. The family is large, with Once more I left the main line not less than ten children, an extra- of railway and traveled into the ordinary number in Japan. The next mountains to one of the remoter morning I found poached eggs on the table for breakfast, besides other districts. Takaya is what the Japandishes that gave evidence of some knowledge of American cooking. ese call a "noson," namely, an agri- Mrs. 'Kimura's younger -brother, she cultural village. Farmers in Japan told me, had been a student at Yale do not live on their several pieces University. After breakfast, which of land, but in village communities_ I ate alone in the presence of my When I reached Takaya by jinrikhost, the Bible was brought by Mrs. isha, the rain was coming down in Kimura for family prayers, and also torrents. We were received kindly a booklet printed by the Scriptu re by the postmaster, in ·whose home we Readers' Union, the plan of which were to be entertained. The official they hac! been following in their daily members soon called and extended a worship. The Mayor I found' to be cordial welcome. Our fellow worker a man of strength and Christian for this occasion was Mr. Kuwata, faith. He is a director in local pastor of a Presbyterian Church in cotton spinning companies. He re- Osaka. Takaya is extremely intermarked that the time has come in esting, because the leading men of Japan when theories and speCUlations the village are Christian, as well as are no longer acceptable from the many of the villagers. A church pulpit; they need the gospel of costing Yz,ooo ($r,ooo) has recently been built with local funds. There is a bell in the cupola, which was

rung at the church hour, after the related to me by the official members manner of the temple bells. Tho of the church. They took a pride the rain was pouring down, about a in the fact that a village lad had hundred people gathered and listened succeeded in breaking down the until after eleven o'clock to – the traditional prej udices against Chris– gospel messages. tianity, and in bringing into exist- ence a Christian Church. A sur- The story of the founding of this prizing proportion of the members remarkable work is one of the most were persons of mature age. Among beautiful in the annals· of Japanese those who called on us were four or Christianity. A young man named five aged women. I asked them how Okamoto went from the village to old they were when they were con- Kobe, and was baptized there in the verted to Christianity. One replied Tamon Church. At the baptismal that she was fifty-five, another was service he fainted, no one knowing sixty-one, and a third was sixty-two. why. He returned to his village In the congregation a dozen or more prompted by a burning desire to women of this age had their Bibles bring a knowledge of Christ to the and hymn-books, and were recent valley of which Takaya was the agri- recruits to the cause- of Christ. cultural center. He met with stubborn intolerance, and could only My visit to this country community gather to himself the children of the only served to deepen my conviction street, whom he loved into loyal that the conquest of rural and agriobedience to his own leadership. To cultural Japan for Christ and the the top of the hill near the village Church is the supreme obligation of he resorted daily for prayer. Look- the hour in this country. ing over the fields and cottages below. he poured out his soul to God for At Okayama the conversion of his people. He attended the Kwansei Gakuin, wh~re Our last appointment was at Okahe sat in my class-room and that of yama, this ti.me at the Methodist the other members of the faculty, preaching 121~ce. Meetings had been but little did we know of the mighty held in this city, first in a public passion ruling his soul. He fell ill hall, and afterward in the various and died, and his body was carried denominational preaching places. Rev. back to the village and buried in T. Kugimiya, Pastor of the West the cemetery. His life seemed to Meth~dist Church in Osaka, was my take hold of the leaders of the village yoke fellow, and Rev. G. Akazawa in a peculiar manner. First one of Kobe followed with a most earnthen another among those who had est exhortation, and again at the come in contact with him became a night service preaching continued Christian, until now Takaya promises until eleven o'clock. A number of to be the first Christian village in hands were raised for prayer. the Empire of Japan. I had not been seated in the home of the post- Apart from the unspeakable satismaster but a few minutes when the faction we felt in being able to prostory of this young man's life was claim Christ, certain impressions sank deep into our minds, as a result of the week's campaign. We felt, for

example, that the hour called for a re-election would have been easy, he larger conception of the opportuni- chose to take the field as a lay ties for preaching, and that this op- preacher, and now devotes his time portunity was greatest in the country to the spread of the gospel among towns. We felt that a new epoch his people. Mr. Tateishi wrote :: in Japatlese preaching was at hand and that the need of redemption for Tsuyama, May 25, 1914. the nation now recognized was lead- Vc wish to extend to you our greatest ing to a firmer grasp of the truth thanks for your valuable help at the time of Christ's person and to a truer of the religious campaign throughout the apprehension of His power. Empire. Despite the great distance, you were pleased to come to such a remote After returning home, numerous place and help us in the great evangelical letters came from the churches visit- movement. We were able to see larger ed, expressing appreciation of the audiences in the different places than we services rendered, in due Japanese had expected. We are, therefore, exstyle. One of these may be of pecting to reap a great harvest in the general interest. It bears the sig- future. VI/e can assure you that every nature of Hon. Chimata Tateishi, a person in this district is very much redescendent of Shinran, the founder joiced to attribute all this happy prospect of the largest Buddhist sect in Japan. for the future to the earnest efforts of the Mrr.. Tatcishi was a member of Par- preachers who came here to help us in liament for many years. Tho his the great attempt. We shall be much obliged if you will spare some of your thoughts for us and remember us in the time of your prayer.

A SAMPLE OF ONE OF THRl: MANY CHRISTIAN JAPANESE CHURCHES IN JAPAN

u N I T E D s T AT

G uL F oF ME xI ao o o o MEXICO 50 100 800 Onlll Mission Statlone ehown DTawn for THE MISSIOlfAllY REVIEW O~ THB WORLD PROTESTANT MISSIONS IN MEXICO (BEFORE THE HUERTA REVOLUTION) (See statistics and key on the other side)

SOCIETIES I IWORKERS ITHEWORKESTABLISHEDj

AT WORK For'n Native -Chur. rH.Sch. T.Sch. I State and Pop. Station DIVISION * ——–~—–~——-. 1. Aquascalientes Aquascalientes Baptist (North) (119,000 pop.) Aquascalientes Presbyterian (N.) Baptist 2.Campeche —' None None Presbyterian (N.) 2 –:;-~(8",,6-:-=,O:,:0:-:,0)'–_ _ _'I~—c'–_ _ _ __ B'-a-p"'ti,.-st,-;("N'o-r-t"'h")—- –0– – – 1 – –0— –0— –6– Presbyterian (N.) 3. Chiapas Tuxtla 3 (437,000) 3 —c–o Congregational TChihuahu,.—– -Chihuahua Congre/iational —4- —3- 4 I3 (405,000) Chihuahua Method.st (South) 5 3 oIG. 0 0 Chihuahua Episcopal 0 1 o1 Chihuahua Baptist (South) 2 0 o oIG. 0 Juares Baptist (South) 0 2 0 I 0- – -S18. Rosalia Baptist ( Soutlr) 4l' 1 () Parral Conjfregatlonal 2 3 5 IG. – 10 – 5 – ~-6- -4- –1– 5. Coahuila _Piedras Negras Disciples Disciples 5 (367,000) Sabinas Disciples 1 8 o4 o1 0 Sabinas Baptist (North) 0 1 0 Saltillo Baptist (South) o 4 0 IG. 0 Saltillo Disciples 0 0 Saltillo Methodist (South) 3 1 1 0 2 1 IG. 0 Saltillo Presbyterian (N.) 3 6 o7 oIG. 0 Torrean Baptist (South) 4 0 1 Torrean Metho",st (Soutb) I 1 2 oo 0 1 hNT~oo'rr:e:na,n-:":e=—-1 Episcopal ___0__ _ _ _ 0_ _ -0- 4l None 0 0 – 0 – – – – 0 – l'.!etbo:.:d=is::.:t=-______-;;;6 LC6.—'-CO:o"Ji=m:::a-'("77","0"'00"');- 7. Durango – – – Durango Baptist (South) —2- -0- o o o Baptis~ '1 o 8 (436,000) Durango Methodist (South) 5 .. 5 1 o1 Methodist "8-.-;G"u:-::ac'n:::a",juac'::-:-t-o'– Guanaji.t~ –2- Methodist (NorthY- 4 -1-3– ~4- o (1,075,000) Leon Baptist (South) 3 0 2 preSbyterian-(N-.)- –1- '11– ~4- – – 0 – 0 Presbyterian (N.), 9 r-Guerrero— Chilpanango o o (605,437) Chilpanango Episcopal 0 1 –2- 0 0 -1"M"e"Cth"-o'd""'is-:-t—-..,.—;nl0 Methodist (S.) W:-Hidalgo '1'ula –2- –2- – – – — – 0 (642,000) Pachuca Methodist (North) 5 15 5 1 0 1[Jalisco Guadalajara— -Methodist (South)– —5– —9- -I-I- –Ie;:- 0 Methodist 11 (l,202,OOO) o 0 Guadalajara Adventist 2 1 I 12. Lower Calif. (52.000) Guadalajara Congregational 6 2 5 2 1 Guadalajara Baptist (South) 2 0 Guadalajara Ep.scopal 2 1 3 oIG. 0 2 None None 0 – – 0 – ~O- – – 0 – 01- Congregational 12 13. Mexico Toluca Baptist (South) —5- —0– —-4– —1–' —-1- =Ba_p_t-i,.s-,t________-.1-3;- (975,000) 4 0 0_ Toluca Ep.scopal 1 0 14. Federal Dist. Mexico qty -Baptist (North) –4- -15- -5– -1- —0 1 Baptist (719,000) 14 Mexico CIty Adventist 10 7 1 0 0 Mexico City Methodist (North) 13 19 6 2 0 Methodist Mexico City Methodist (South) 'J 12 15 1 0 Mexico City Presbyterian (N.) 6 37 7 1 1 =Pr=es-b-y-t;e=ri_a_n_(_N__.)__.., 4 2 5 IG. '15'.":r,"Hc::c'h=oa=-c-a"'n—–I'MMcer'x-0ic-roe"C'l,i;-tiya-'-=—1 Episcop,!l 2 —6- –0- —-00- Methodist 15 Baptist (South) —-0– >7-i(.99.::1=,:;-O::00:-,),–____Zitacua.~_____ j'resbyt,erian (N.) __5____3__ lOx -~ 0 0 0 16. ¥,orelos Morelos (?) Epis.copal' 1 – 0 – –0- -0- Presbyterian (N.) 16 (180,000) ~lI"or::eo;;—­ Monterey !369,OOO) Monterer Eapt,ist (N.) 1 10 – – 3- – – 0- –1- Baptist 17 Adventist 2 1 l Monterey 0 0 Discip!es 7 11 5 1 () Monterey Mefuodiat (South) 4 9 Monterey 810 Episcopal 1 0 1 () 0 Linares Linares Presbyterian (5.) 4 10 4 0 6 Presbyterian (S.) Baptist (North) 0 1 Monte Morelos Pres~yterian (5.) 000 1 10 "'IS".-CO"'a-x, '-a-~a—-~ Oaxaca Baptist (North)~ 1 1 0 EpIscopal –0- –1- -0–0—0- Pr~byterian (N.r 18 (l,04l,OOO) Oaxaca 1 0 1 0 0 Oaxaca – – a – Methodist (North)0 6 400 19. Puebla Methodist (North)– ~13- 2 3 –4- (1;092,000) Puebla ~f' Methodist 19 Puebla Baptist (North) 3 3 2 {) 0 Puebla Ep.scopal 1 0 ~ethodis:Ot'("'NT:o"'r:;:;thc;)c–i -~O"- ~9– – -1T 0 0 20. Queretaro —0- – —0- Methodist (243,Q)O) Queretaro 20 21. S. Luis Potosi S. L. Pptosi Methodist (South) – – 4 – '-s~ –3- —2—-·1-I,.M.~e~th~0~d~is~t——-".21 (624,000) S. L. Polosi Adventist 3 2 6 ooo 0 22. SinalQa S. L. potosi Baptist (North) 0 1 0 6 (323,0,00) 5. L. Pptosi Presbyterian (N.) 0 11 6 IG. 0 ~MM~a::a':zt'e:::hat~ula=anclc,a' – – – – – Friends 3 –18 ~ 5 –0- Fri~nds —2– –60 – -'M:-;-Oet"h-o'd"is-:-t'("S-ou-t"'h')—1—-;Ic– Met"odist 22 Congregational Guayama~ Baptist (South) —3—~ —0– 1(['–0- Congregational 23 7 Presbyt"riill 24 o Hermosillo 5 7 Guayamaa Methodist (South) 0 1 0 –0- o (N.r NN:~ao:c:o':zn:a'r:i:e=:"::""—–I Congregational 3 4 o 0 0 24 Tabascll ' EN~poi:s:cno-:pea–l "-'-'———–I—1"O– 0 –0- –0- (262,000) –0- 25. Tamalllit>as' 'Matamoros P~esbyterian (S.) –4- –13 -S– '–TIr -'O,I'P"r"'e'sb-y-:-t:::-er7ia-n""''''(S·.')-;'·-:2''''S (249,QOO) Matamoros Friends Victoria Friends 4 Ig5 1 gfG. J0 Victoria Presbyterian (5.) ~ ~ Frie!1ds Tampico Episcopal o1 0 0 0 0 Tampico Raptist (North) 1 0 0 0 26. Tepic (171,000) None None – – 0 – – – 0 – – – 0 – – – 0 – —0- Metliodist '..' 26 27. Tlaxcala — – ·T"'I'a-x-ca'I"a——-I·M~et;oh-o–;d;;-is–;t"C("N"'o-r–;t'h')­ – 0 – —2- – – 0 – – – 0 – –0– 'M"'e–:th"-od~i'-st-:——;2"'7 (183,000) 28. Vera Cruz Jalapa Presbyterian (N-.)- –0- –1-7- —9- – – 1 – '—0;.-I-';P;::re:::-s"b-y-:-te:-:r"'ia-n-;C(N~.)c-"'2-;8 (1,124,000) Jalapa Episcopal 1 0 Orizaba 1 0 0 29. Yucatan Mindo Methodist (N.) 2 4 2 0 0 (337,000) Presbyterian (N~)- ' – 0 – – – 0 – 0 Presbyterian (N.) 29 -0- –0- W:-Zacatecas Zacatecas Presbyterian (N~ —0- -1-1- —6- —0- —0– ";B"a:::-p"Ct"'is–;t———=-:30 (475,000) *After peace is established, a division of territory is proposed by the societies that met in conference. NOTE.-The American Bibl" Society has a number of colpor teurs in Mexico, and these travel and distribute Scriptures in many unoccupied fields. The Pentecostal Mission an d the Brethren also have had a work in several stations.

The Y. M. C. A. has branches in Mexico City, Chihuahua, and Mont.".ey. The Protestant Episcopal Church, the Adventists, and some others have not seen their way to ernter into the plans for a division of territory tho they met in the general conference.-EDITOR. •

METHODS-THE LARGEST COTTON MILL IN

After the Revolution in Mexico BY REV. JOHN W. BUTLER, D.D., MEXICO CITY Missionary of the Methodist Episcopal Church (N ~rth) ~· EXICO is " a magnifi- account her boundless agricultural products and her immense industrial ' cent land, abounding resources, we will readily grant the 11 in resources of all claim so often repeated that Mexico could easily maintain from four to kinds-a land where five times her present population, and that all could prosper and be happy, EI~ none ought to be poor while many would be rich, and, as and where misery Lempriere puts it, "there need he ought to be unknown." So says the no poor." eminent French traveler and writer Lempriere. The first part of his But how lamentably far off the statement is certainly correct. Official country is from such a happy state statistics for 1913 give Mexico's im- of things! When Senor Emeterio de ports at $97.495,000 and her exports La Garza, Jrr.., recently issued a call at $149,602,000, leaving, therefore, a for a peace congress in his native favor balance of over fifty miIlion land, he . said "the Church and the doIJars. Cecil Rhodes, not only of Government have made of the Mexi- African but of world-wide reputation, can people a people of paupers, a said some years ago that in the future fold of beggars. The Mexican is the world will look to Mexico, as to obliged to live in misery and to die no other country, for its supply of of hunger." Many will say that the gold, silver, and copper-and he cause of this lamentable state of might have added for its oil and things is to be found in the many rubber, its coal and iron. If, in addition to all this, we take into

revolutions which have afflicted the Some of the evidences of Rome's country now for over a century. This failure are evidenced by the follow- ing facts: is only part of the truth, for badk of this oft-recurring disturbance lies (I) The Bible has always been and still is a prohibited book in another, the real cause. Mr. de la Mexico. If now and then it 15 Garza correctly lays part of the found on sale it is at a price ;;0 blame at the doors of the hiStoric exorbitant and unreasonable as to church. The Government even in be beyond the reach of the common these latter years has been the crea- people. The only edition of the tion of the Church, for the Church Bible ever printed in Mexico was made the men and the people that have made up the Government. offered to the public at $150 a copy. During the period of Spanish rule, which lasted three hundred years, vVe have known cases where the the viceroy and the archbishop were Bible distributed or sold by the twin rulers, and when a viceroy died American Bible Society has been or was removed the archbishop held forcibly taken from people by the the reins of government until a new priest and recently one was burned appointee came from Spain. So the on the streets of the third largest city Church has exercised the dominant in the country. influence and has made the people what they are, whether as rulers or (2) In every church of Mexico private citizens. All through the there are many representations of a centuries she has been on the 'side dead Christ, but we hear almost of the rich as against the poor, nothing about a living Christ. with the oppressor as against the opprest. The people at large in (3) Indulgences are still sold pub" Mexico have never had an oppor- licly in many churches, even in the tunity, and are more to be pitied than capital city of the country. Sacrato be blamed for a situation not to ments have their tariff, and the contheir liking. Most of us forget that fessional lays its heavy price on the Mexico is at a great disadvantage in offending penitent. These things arc being judged from the standpoint of all cilrried to such excess as to a superior civilization. Whatever justify the charge that one frequently may be our own opinion concerning hears, "it is a religion of money." late movements in Mexico, we can not be blind to the fact that the (4) In some rural churches are lamentable failure of the historic still found, on so-called Christian church to meet its responsibility to altars, the wood and stone idols of the millions of those unhappy people, pre-colonial times, the only change through the four hundred years of being the substitution of the name its dominant influence (three-fourths of Roman Catholic saint for an of the time absolute), has created Indian name. the very conditions that have made possible the deplorable events now (5) The ancient idolatrous and passing on to the pages of history. superstiti6us feasts of the Indians are still mixed with services author-. ized by the Church, as may be seen at Guadalupe, Ixtapalapa, Amecam- eca and like places. Sometimes at these feasts drunkenness is added to

THE REVOLUTION IN

idolatry and superstition, to such an on a rational wage. In their miserextent as to lead one to believe that able little huts they are often herded such occasions are as offensive to like cattle, sleeping on the cold or Almighty God as like occasions are damp earth with sanitary conditions in Madura or Benares. entirely disregarded. Many of the people are· no better off than they (6) Illiteracy and immorality are were four hundred years ago. more the rule than the exception. Official statistics give 80 per cent. of If this doleful picture is the best the people as unable to read or that the Roman Catholic Church can write, while 30 per cent. of the births present to the world after four cen- ANCIENT METHODS-THE ABRAH.MIO PLOW STILL IN USE IN MEXICO are illegitimate, tho many births are turies of opportunity, is it not clear never registered. that her failure makes an eloquent and irresistible argument as to the (7) The almost universal desecra- need for another church to uplift the tion o·f the Sabbath with bull- fights, poor in the spirit of self-sacrificing cock pits, open gambling, horse love, and see to it that they have a racing; debauchery and other objec- chance for betterment along the lines tionable things reminds one of the of social, educational and religious terrible conditions in England just advancement? This is especially before the reformation of the eigh- true since many of the Roman teenth century. Catholic clergy of to-day are not only participants in all the above fail- (8) The degradation and squalor ings but are too often actual abettors of the people, living in mud huts, in each and everyone off. them. without the ordinary comforts of life, and compelled to support their fami- IS it any wonder that the revolies on a mere charity rather than

lution breaks out once in awhile or holders too often treat the peons that the pent-up feelings of an op- who till their land and contribute to prest people should cry out against their fortune as mere serfs, for whose their wrongs? Did not our own betterment they have little or no nation do so in 1776 as they pledged concern. In any case the land prob- to each other "life, fortune and lem is most vital and is one that sacred honor" that they might prove can not be satisfactorily adjusted by to the world that "all men are the mere ipse dixit of any govern- created equal?" Did not our fore- ment in Mexico or by the hasty fathers do so in 1640 and 1688 till action of any intervening govern- that grand _lI1agna Charta was ment, however lofty and sincere its rescued from the battle-field of four purpose. hundred years and was made the constitution of a free and liberty Different administrations in Mexi- loving people, "a model for all the co have promised much relief in the other free constitutions of the past, but have accomplished little. world?" Too often they have been accused of encouraging the greed and avarice Ve learned the lesson from .our of the rich hacendados. The revolu- English forefathers and set the tion of I910 lost much of its influ– example to Mexico and to all Latin ence from the fact that some of its America-an example of which we leaders, after gaining power, appearhave never been ashamed. However ed unable to hasten promised re- regretable some of the methods used forms, and much kss were, they in Mexico, many of which had their ready to divide up their own great parallels in those English revolu- estates. Yet the cry along this line tions, we should not. forget that the has not been in vain. The opprest goal they seek is freedom and multitudes are awake to their rights righteousness for an opprest people. as never before, and if the recent enactment of the National Congress. The agrarian problem, about which proposes a land tax,. light on ,which we hear so much in these the poor and heavy on the rich, days, is not only a most serious one, shall become effective, it will be the but is a problem that must be ad- greatest boon for the masses as well justed before permanent and lasting as a natural source of large revenue peace will come to Mexico. There for the Government itself. The Reare· at least three phases to this public. also inherited from the Spanquestion. There is the communal ish regime the non-participation of system which obtains in some parts the natives in government affairs, and of the country, and the arbitrary this inheritance has never been effectand cruel infringement on the rights ively repudiated. The exceptions of the indigeneous peoples who have have thus far failed to establish the small fioldings. There are also the rule, hence the cry of the recent immense estates of the few rich who revolution in favor of effective sufpay no land tax and yet so often frage. It is true that these two evils prey upon their poor neighbors who as well as others which might be inherited their small holdings from mentioned wait on g')vernmental their ancestors. These rich land

THE REVOLUTION IN MEXICO

action, but, the historic Omrch made ardent admirers, would claim that the people what they are and they every Mexican is thus capable. But in turn have made or submitted, every thoughtful and intelligent stu- through ignorance and meekness, to dent of Mexico's struggles and diffi- the shortcomings of a government culties, as well as of her achieve-.

which has been more in name than in ments during the past hundred years, fact a republic for nigh on to a must admit that if given a· fair hundred years with constantly recur- chance, untramelled by priestcraft, ring outbreaks of the revolution. unfettered by political demagogs, The secular press of the United and unopprest by the rich, the States, which in these days teems Mexicans will give ever-increasing with editorials and contributed examples of their nobility, and will articles on the "one and only cure for prove to the entire world that Mexico Mexico," in some cases takes the can be a happy and prosperous "wrong horn of the dilemma" by nation.

advancing the idea of annexation, and Lecky, in his history of the Scotch, seems to ignore completely the fact says: "The character of large bodies that in addition to other evils this of men depends in the main upon would ultimately mean the addition the circumstances in which they have of some three million illiterate been placed, the laws by which they Roman Catholic voters to an already have been governed, the principles perplexing situation. Such a course they have been taught. When these would thus create a balance of power are changed the character will alter fraught with great danger to our too, and the alteration tho it is own Republic, to say nothing of the very slow, may in the end be ·very possible restitution of many of the deep." The historian might have former ills in the acquired territory. added that the alteration will be less Others mildly suggest education, slow where pure Christianity is a labor, and other things, good, so far cooperating factor.

as they go, but falIing short of the real The revolutionary outbreaks of remedy for the situation. It is here 1810, r837, r857, 1873 and I910 have where we make bold to assert that all resulted in giving the people a Christianity as taught in the New larger perspective and loftier am- Testament and interpreted by Prot- bition, while the Napoleonic and estant churches is the only infallible papal intrigue of I864 failed com- cure for the woes of Mexico. This pletely in its attempt to re-enslave Evangelical Christianity through its the people either to Europe or to the missions and by provoking the his- hierarchy. The Diaz regime intro- toric Church to good works, can duced tremendous material improve- alone bring permanent peace and in- ments and did much to prepare the creasing prosperity to our neighbors way with its excellent normal schools on the south. for the education of the masses.

Another class of American j our- The latest upheaval has given em- nals are asking the question if the phasis to the possibilities of demo- Mexicans are capable of self-govern- cracy. Thus we see the dawning of ment. No one, not even their most a great opportunity unfolding before

the Protestant Church, such as has The new impetus to be given to not appeared since the collapse of educational work is evidenced in the the French Empire in 1867. Then proposal for a Union College for unfortunately our churches did not men and women, a Union Theologi- see their opportunity. Will they see cal School with several churches re- it now? presented in the Faculty, centrally God is calling and caIling loudly and conveniently located normal to Christians to take advantage of schools to serve all the missions. An this opportunity. On the 30th of attempt will also be made to so June and the 1st 0 f July last, in the harmonize the curriculum of all pri- city of Cincinnati, there met together mary and common schools as to lead some seventy-five earnest Christian up to the higher Union schools and men and women to face the facts, and at the same time not to conflict to study the remedy. These men with the program of the government and women represented twelve evan- schools.

geljcal bodies doing work in Mexico· It is also recommended to estab- and included the official representa- lish a Union Publishing House which tives of their Boards as well as will send out one strong organ of missionaries from Mexico. For two Protestantism, a suitable publication days these men and women sat to- for the rising generation, together gether in prayerful consultation about with such tracts and books as con- the best way to make the most of ditions may demand.

the golden opportunity before us. In order to more fuIly measure up To this end such a readjustment of to the opportunity the Protestant the entire territory is recommended churches in the United States are to the Boards as wiII obviate over- asked to increase their forces in the lapping of missionary effort with its field 50 per cent. This wiII enable consequent waste of men and money. us to establish work in every state By bappy agreement all Protestant and not leave out one-third of them Christian churches will henceforth be as at present. But the readjustment calIed by the name Evangelical . of territory and forces as unani- Church, and when necessary the de- mously agreed upon at the Cincinnati nominational name wiII be added in Conference will be equivalent to an- brackets. In the greater work before other 50 per cent. at least, so that llS our differences will be lost sight within six months after the present of and the supreme effort wiII be to political fermentation is ovel Protes- lead meri and women to Christ, rather tantism ought to be worth more than than to any particular branch of His twice as much as it is now worth to church. the Mexican people.

In the window of the American Bible Society in the City of Mexico, there recently hung a large poster on which were the ten commandments in Spanish. The poster has attracted remarkable attention. What would Moses have thought of his law being still a novelty in any part of the world nearly 3,500 years after it was proclaimed-and in a land which claims to be Christian.

1l–''hhoto. copyright by ""NNaavy and Arrmmyy..N"

THE LATE LLXI HUNG CHANG IN HISS OFFICIAL ROBES The Self-Revelation of Li Hung Chang A REVIEW OF THE MEMOIRS OF A CHINESE VICeEERROY BY THE REV. ARTHUR JUDSON BROWN, D.D;., NEW YORK ~T HE world has long and statesman; but many had for- known that Li Hung gotten that he was once a great soldier and until the recent publication Chang, late Viceroy of of his Memoirs,* few realized that Chih-li and G ran d .*. "HMMeemmoirs oft Li Hung Chhaanngg:,,"" edj,ited by Wil- liam '·-Francis Mannix. with an introduction by the . Councillor of the Hoon. Joohn W. Foste r;; published by Houghton, Mifflin Coommlp'aann~~, Bostqon amn4i New YVollr!, Chinese Empire, was alll eminent ·' scholar, administrator

he was also an author, a wit and a his person all these attainments in philosopher. During his long and such an eminent degree as Li Hung e'ventful life ne held a conspicuous Chang. Because of his distinction in position, not only in his native China, all these fields of human activity, but in the public thought of the we should welcome these memoirs, civilized world, and he probably re- extracted from his voluminous diary, ceived larger recognition from west- as a valuable contribution toward ern nations and had a more con- the better understanding of his Char:" spicuous place in newspapers and acter and services. magazines than any other Asiatic of his day. When we remember that It is true that there were vulnerhe spoke no language but his own able places in the life and work of and that he was never outside of Li Hung Chang. While having no China until he was over seventy disposition to defend or extenuate years of age, this is rather a remark- anything that was wrong, it is only able fact. The Hon.:Jonn W; Foster, fair to remember that one's judgformerly American Secretary of ment of such a career must be in- State, had remarkable opportunities fluenced to some extent by'.~!st~~l for personally meeting and estimating perspective. Li Hung Chang' was a the great men of the modern world, thorough Asiatic, not only in nationand' he expresses the opinion in his ality but in temperament, ideals and IntrQdu~tion to this handsome volume methods. It is hardly fair, there~ that Li Hung Chang was not only fore, to apply to his every act those the greatest man the Chinese race criteria which may fairly be applied has produced in modern times, but, to a man who was born and brought in a combination of qualities, the up in a Christian land. He had little most unique personality of the past opportunity to know anything about century among all the nations of the Western civilization except that world. He was distinguished as a form of it which characterized man of letters; as a soldier in im- the diplomatic and commercial reportant campaigns he rendered valu- lations of European nations with able services to his country; as a China, and he can hardly be blamed statesman for thirty years he main- for not having been particularly imtained a recognized preeminence over prest' by what he saw and experihis countrymen in the oldest and enced. Of missionaries and of most populous nation of the earth; Christianity he knew practically and as a diplomat his achievements nothing until rather late in life. In entitle him to a front rank in' the spite of these things, however, he international relations of all history.. manifested on the whole a breadth The last one hundred years have of view and a progressiveness of produced many men of scholarship, spirit which would have made him several great generals, a number of eminent in any land. statesmen of distinguished ability and success, and a few diplomats of high It appears that during his long and rank; but no one of these can be eventful life he was accustomed to singled Qut as having combined in keep a personal diary, and that he wrote voluminously in it, jotting down his impreBsions of men and

SELF-REVELATION OF LI HUNG CHANG 66g

movements, and quite freely express- the tides of modern life. It is ing his mind on an immense range exceedingly interesting to note the and variety of subjects. The editor way in which this veteran Oriental of the memoirs, Mr. William Francis estimated the relentless and inevi- Mannix, says that the Viceroy was table contact of China with western by no means a careful diaryist, that nations, saw the impossibility of his manuscripts were not only China's maintaining the isolation of amazingly long, but that they were former centuries, and used his inleft in several widely separated cities, fluence, altho not always successfully, and that, while the writing was beau- to persuade the Empress Dowager tifully done, the dates and annota- and his countrymen to accept the tions were so confused as to make inevitable and to readjust China to the task of the translator and col- the exigencies of the new era. "In lator extraordinarily difficult. spite of all dislikes," he wrote, "if we truly have the best interests of One reads this volume with wonder China at heart, w,e will no longer and delight. He finds most interest- oppose the coming of the foreigner, ing and piquant observations upon for he is bound to come anyway, historical presentations and events. even if he must ride behind a bayonet There is a chapter upon Li Hung or sit upon the big gun of a war- Chang's relations with the famous ship." General Gordon; there are discussions of war and peace, of litera- Toward Christianity and missionture and philosophy, of science and aries, the attitude of Li Hung Chang religion, of agriculture and opium, changed in a way that was significant of politics and personal habits. A in character and indicative of the flood of light is thrown upon a num- greatness of the man. In the earlier ber of important questions. Five part of his career, he was vehemently chapters are devoted to Li Hung anti-missionary and anti-foreign. He Chang's observations and impression~ shared the popular belief that mis- <luring his tour of Europe and sionaries were "foreign devils," and America in connection with the coro- he cynically blamed Christianity for nation of the Czar of Russia, when the vices and treacheries of white the great Chinese was seventy-five men. "The French hate the Geryears of age, and the salient char- mans, and the Russians kill the Jews, acteristics of the white race have but they are all Christians when they never been more keenly analyzed or come to China!" He refers to the more wittily described. The chapters action of Great Britain in forcing on the Boxer Uprising, the China- opium on the Chinese as one of the Japan War, and the celebrated Em- impediments to the progress of press-Dowager, are also of absorb- Christianity, and he cuttingly reing interest and of large value. marks: "A great nation, a Christian nation above all things,_ has given Whlle Li Hung Chang was a this awful blight to the Middle Kingthorough Chinese, he was too intel- dom. What are our people to think ?" ligent and broad-minded to imagine that it was possible to keep foreign- As the years passed, however, and ers out of China and to beat back he had better opporturrities for

coming into contact with missionaries best for the greatest number of the and for judging the real purposes sufferers to keep their bodies and and character of their work, he was souls together."

large-minded enough to disavow his N or was this merely a perfunctory former prej udice, and to speak of reply to an address of welcome.

missionaries with real respect. We Abundant evidences appear in his read in one place in his diary that diary that it represented the feelings he said of one of his contemporaries, which he entertained during his later Viceroy Tseng-Kofan: "Like my- years. Profoundly significant are the self, he has changed his views exceed- following extracts from his diary of ingly in the past five or six years, February 17, 1886: and is no longer a hater of the "I am more and more convinced Christians." that the Christian religion is not I well remember the great so much hated in itself, but that Viceroy's visit to America in 19Q6, the animosity which is found to a and his address to a delegation which greater or lesser extent throughout called upon him at the Waldorf- China against the 'foreign devils' is Astoria Hotel. In response to an because they are 'foreign.' During address of welcome in behalf of the several years I have given quite missionary boards of America. he careful study and thought to the said: . religion of the West, and I can not "I fully appreciate the philan- see that it is in conflict at all with thropic objects the missionary so- our own philosophy. On the con- cieties have in view. . . . The mis- trary, the teachings of Confucius sionaries have not sought for pecu- and the doctrine of Jesus appear to niary gains at the hands of our be on one exalted plane, conceived people. They have not been secret and promulgated for the betterment emissaries of diplomatic schemes. of all mankind, 'heathen' and Chris- Their labors have no political signifi- tian. I know this, that if my lot in cance, and last but not least, if life were cast in England, France, I might be permitted to add, they or America, I should want to call have not interfered with or usurped myself a Christian, for that is the the rights of the territorial authori- religion of those countries; and a ties. . . . You have started numerous man who would order his life by educational establishments which its tenets would keep out of trouble have served as the best means to and be respected. He would not enable our countrymen to acquire a think of Confucius, because he would fair knowledge of the modern arts have no need for him or his teach- and sciences of the West. As for ings. And it is the same way, re- the material part of our constitution, versed, in China: I have no need for your societies have started hospitals Christ if I will but follow our own and dispensaries to save not only great sage and philosopher. But the souls but also the bodies of our simply because I feel no personal countrymen. I have also to add that call for the Christian religion, -I will in t11e time of famine in some of not therefore oppose it, since I be- the provinces, you have done your lieve that there are thousands, per-

SELF-REVELATION OF LI HUNG

haps millions, in China who would be the visitors) said that all the native somewhat benefited by a knowledge Christians in a little mISSIOn at of Jesus, especially as they trouble Ketuki-the mission that had at first themselves not at all to follow in the sent the delegation to my sick-room ways directed by Confucius. There- with flowers-had talked about me fore, I would sum up the feelings every day since I was there, and had of the more intelligent officials and prayed to the Christian God for my literati to-day-for my own senti- recovery. ments appear to be largely shared by this class in all the eastern province:; "I took the medicines and had my from Canton to the northern Capital two visitors served with the nicest -it is the foreigner who is disliked, kind of boiled chicken, some chicken not because of his religion, but be- tongue on crackers, rice-cakes, and cause he is otherwise feared. He is tea. I wanted them to stay with me feared not at all in this year because for a few days, telling them that I he may be the agent of Jesus Christ would treat them well; but Mr. Sato or a follower of that great man, but said he was already almost sick unto as a possible enemy to the political death to get back home, and that he and industrial independence of the had once or twice nearly turned back, country." especially as his son was so lonely.

The book abounds in "human in- "When they were ready to go I terest." Is there anything in liter- gave them a big bundle of presents ature more touching than the follow- of all kinds for their friends back at ing extract from his diary in his old Ketuki, two hundred taels for the age when his health was feeble: mission, and as much more to re- imburse them for the outlay of the "July 28.-1 can not think that all journey. This last he did not want people are bad, even the worst of the to accept, saying that as he had Christians, for to-day I had an ex- funds sufficient to take him home he perience that makes me think that was fearful that the friends who outside of office and business, out- had sent him might not like it. But side of riches and honors, there are I prevailed upon him to take the small happenings which touch a money. man's heart, and make him feel that humanity is not all iron and gain and "I think this Christianity makes falsehood. For to-day this yamen, poor and lowly people bold and unwhich for twenty~four years had afraid, for before Mr. Sato and his been mine, was the destination of a boy left he wanted to know if they great mission such as never came might pray for me. I said they within the compound before. I nearly could, expecting that he meant when wept to receive them. Two native they got back home again; but he Christians all the way from that said something to the little son, and miserable town in Japan to bring they knelt right there at the door me here medicines for my head, and and said a prayer. I could not keep to see if I was getting better! I my heart from thumping in my wonder if this is because Christianity bosom as I watched that poor rna teaches such things? … Sato (one of and his frightened little boy prayinl', to God-the God that will deal with

me, and with them, and all man- Dynasty heaped extraordinary honors kind-that I might be well of my upon its distinguished subj ect, who, injuries. I was sorry to see them altho a pure Chinese, was loy~l to go. them to the end. If the arrogant "In this old yamen, which for and wilful Empress-Dowager .had twenty odd years was mine, strange been more amenable to her wise and scenes have been enacted, great faithful counselor, it would have councils held, and midnight confer- been better for her and for the ences affecting the whole world have dynasty which she represented. As taken place. I have received royal- it was, after her flight from the ties and dukes, ambassadors, minis- capital to escape the allied armies ters, murderers, robbers and beggars. who relieved the besieged foreigners Men have been sentenced to death and occupied the Imperial City, she from here; others have been made turned to him and besought him to glad with leases of lands, railroad save her the throne, and to extricate c<>ntracts, or the gift of public office. the Government from the ruin which But during each and every occur- threatened it. Li Hung Chang was rence, whatever its nature, I have then a very old man, seventy-eight, been complete master of my house and in feeble health; but he heroically and myself-until an hour ago. Then set himself to the herculean task.

it was that for the first time did I He pathetically wrote in his diary: believe the favor was being con- "I fear the task before me is too ferred upon me. . . . great for my strength of body, tho "Poor, good Mr. Sato, all the way I would do one thing more before I from Japan to offer a Christian call the earthly battle over. I would prayer for the 'heathen' old Viceroy! have the foreigners believe in us I did not know that anyone out- once more, and not deprive China of side my own family cared -enough her national life."

about me for such a thing. I do All the world knows how well he not love the Japanese, but perhaps succeeded. But the task was too Christianity would help them!" much for his health, and soon after Such an incident is worthy to be he had affixt his signature to the enshrined in the literature of the agreement with the powers of Europe world. It shows that the great and America, which ended the strug- Viceroy was, after all, a very human· gle and enabled the Empress-Dowager man as well as a very great one. to return to Peking, the aged Viceroy Altogether, this is a remarkable peacefully breathed his last. He book-one of the most remarkable, was at once the last statesman of we think, of the present day. It the old era in China and the first describes a character of whom no statesman of the new era. He mark- intelligent person can afford to be ed and personified the period of ignorant, a man who had an extra- transition, and the perspective of ordinary influence upon the develop- time is but lending added height to ment of China and the relations of the massive and dignified figure of China to the world: It is a fascin- China's greatest Viceroy of the ating book to read. The old Manchu Manchu Dynasty.

Unfinished Task in

BY REV. H. B. NEWELL, MATSUYAMA, JAPAN ~T HE "unfinished task" along the well-beaten paths without relates primarily to having looked into any of the . the task of nation- Christian churches or schools, which wide evangelization, in are really not hard to find. If many which all the churches travelers and commercial men fail ~ and the allied mission- to see evidences of Christian life ary bodies in Japan are enthusiastic- . and growth in Japan, there are, on ally interested, but which is as yet far the other hand, many whose interest from completed. opens their eyes to see these things, Two strange criticisms upon the and they return enthusiastic over Christian propaganda in Japan come what they have seen. It is easy to frequently to one's ears. One is note the evidences of material pro- that after a half century of work gress, as seen in railroads, steam- by the missionaries, no impression ships, telegraphs, trolleys, army, navy, whatever has been made, and that factories, foundries, schools, arts, they might better withdraw and stop agricultural pursuits and products; this waste of money. The other is but when it comes to discerning that Japan is already practically a spiritual progress and development, . Christian nation, and there is no the ancient words are still true for further need of sending foreign men many an observer, "he can not know and money to this enlightened and them, because they are spiritually progressive pe·ople. The mission- judged."

aries might therefore better go home The Struggle in'Japan and stop this useless expenditure of "Society, Religion, and Nature!

money. These are the three struggles of It is interesting to note how large man," says Victor Hugo; and in his the money problem bulks upon the trilogy of novels, "Notre Dame,"

horizon of both of these diametric- "Les Miserables," and "Toilers of ally opposite views. It might be the Sea," he depicts the three great interesting to study the underlying conflicts. To a nation no less than motives of these criticisms, but we to the individual comes this triple are concerned here with facts rather experience, which will be more or than with opinions, an9 the fact is less intense, according to the develop- that the truth lies about half way ment of the national consciousness.

between these two extreme opinions. Japan as a nation has a well-develop- Considerable impression has been ed cons.ciollsness, and it follows that made by Christianity, but Japan is her history records a struggle in yet far from being evangelized. these three fields that scarcely· finds On the average about eighteen a parallel elsewhere.

thousand people visit Japan every In her struggle with Nature she year. Of these many, possil?ly the has conquered a place of abode on majority, pass through the country these beautiful yet terril>]e islands

. that, for all their beauty, are subject "And may I, too, when thou those joys to the devastations of volcanic attain, eruptions, terrifying earthquakes, tidal waves, destructive floods and Live long to see thee blest:' desolating snow storms, and has Such the fond prayer that, like the rest- made of herself an agricultural nation of first rank. By her strug- less main, gle with society, she was first de- Will rise within my breast. veloped into a community fit to come at last into contact with the There is a deep significance in the nations of the ,earth from whom she fact that in the same breath in which had been isolated during the centuries the poet denies the necessity of of domestic conflict, and by which prayer he utters one spontaneously. she has succeeded in forging her From the very beginning Japan has way, until she has come into the been face to face with the religious front ranks of the nations of the problem. Shinto, Bushido, Confu- earth. cianism have each had their turn.

There is, however, the equally real During the fifty-five years, since struggle with Religion, the turmoil of the first' Protestant mIssIOnaries which has shaken at times the very entered Japan in r859, there have foundations of the Government, and come representatives of thirty-five which is to-day agitating the heart Protestant religious organizations, toof the nation. gether with Roman and Greek Cath- olics, all working in their various The whole background of Japanese way to make Japan a Christian national life is religious. Born amid nation. the mists of prehistoric antiquity, offspring of the same divine power The tabulated result of these vanthat formed the earth and the seas, ous efforts is briefly this: the forebears of the Japanese race began their life on earth, according Roman Catholic churches and chapels, to their ancient mythology. By this 232; membership, 66,689. same token, reinforced by the dicta of early and later poets, a halo of Greek Catholic churches and chapels, divinity has ever encircled the brow 265; membership, 32,246. of the imperial family not only, but has rested upon all the people. The Protestant churches and chapels, 2,110; assumed name of "The Land of the membership, 90,469. The Protestants Gods," even to-day not uncommonly also have 1,588 Sunday-schools, with used, indicates something of the 106,580 pupils, and 255 private schools atmosphere in which the Japanese of all grades, with 18,872 pupils. mind dwells. An ancient poem runs (in translation) thus: There IS thus an enumerated Japan is not a land where men need pray, Christian community of r89.404 members, about equally divided be- For 'tis itself divine. tween Catholic and Protestant, in a Yet would I lift my voice in prayer and total population of about fifty-five millions, or an average of one say, Christian to every 300, or one "Mayall good things be thine I Protestant to every 600 of popula- tion. If these statistics are any criterion it is evident that Japan has hardly been touched by the Gospel. Less than 200,000 nominal Christians

UNFINISHED TASK IN

out of 55,000,000 would seem to the idea that Christianity is an "Evil justify the critic's contention that Teaching," and are imprest with almost no impression has been made. the purity not only of the teaching itself, but of its teachers and pro- But statistics are often misleading, fessors (quite in contrast with what and unless read with a discerning they have been accustomed to see mind are practically worthless. One elsewhere). These are ready to grain of wheat out of every 600 accept J estls Christ as their ideal of seeds, one nugget of gold out of virtue, and to order their lives every 600 lumps of earth, one dia- according to His teaching, and yet, mond out of every 600 pebbles exam- they are not fully persuaded to cast ined, while proportionately small may in their lot with His church. It has mean great increase in wealth. One been estimated that at least a million hundred and ninety thousand men people in Japan belong to this class and women of living, active faith of "almosts." Should any situation set down in the midst of any nation arise to compel these to make the of any number of millions of popu- choice for or against the church, lation is a force to be reckoned with. they would unhesitatingly cross the Even if this were all that could be threshold. shown in Japan to-day as the result of fifty-five years of Christian pro- Another thing to consider is the pagandism, it could hardly be called quality of the membership of the a discreditable exhibition if the Christian church in Japan. It is the obstacles that have had to be over- glory of the church that her teachcome should be taken into consider- ings appeal to the humblest and most ation. It indicates a live, active and needy classes, but the appeal of progressive native church at work In Christianity is also finding a rethe community. sponse in the higher classes as well, up to "those of Ccesar's household." But it must be remembered that Widows and orphans, laborers and many things prevented large numbers merchants, students and teachers, of those who sympathize with the farmers and artizans, editors and Christian church and its ideals from statesmen, lawyers and bankers, actually becoming members. Family legislators and judges, men of the ties, social customs, religious per- army and navy, men of the railroad plexities, lack of opportunity, and a and the steamship, all meet together thousand and one difficulties present in the Christian· church in common themseh>;es, which are readily ap- fellowship. In the House of Repreparent to one who understands what sentatives-an elective body of about it means to step out from one religion 380 members-should the same prointo another-especially into one that portion of Protestant Christians prewas outlawed in the community for vail as was noted above in the comcenturies, and was spoken of with munity at large (viz., one in 600 of bated breath as "The Evil Teaching." population), only one such member So it happens that there is to-day could possibly be looked for here. standing at the threshold of the As a matter of fact, however, th~re Christian church a great company is always found a little· c.Qterie of those who have come to reject

of from twelve to twenty Christian Y.M.B.A., Y.W.B.A., and even Sun- members who have had sufficient day-schools and Buddhist Endeavor respect and confidence in their locali- Societies, and in the numerous at- ties to receive election. Moreover, tempts made to deduce a Buddhist at nine of the thirty sessions of Bible from the great mass of their Parliament, the presiding officer has_ sacred writings-the imitation ex- been a Christian. tending even to the style of type and A similar condition will be found printing and binding, with marginal also in the local Provincial Assem- notes and references. There is no blies, where sometimes the propor- denying the fact that Christianity is tion has been as high as one in seven influencing the thought and the or eight. method of the Buddhist world m The Japanese Christians are not Japan.

recluses, but are men active in all What Remains to Be Done the good walks of life. They are If there are approximately I80,000 interested in the legislation of the enrolled members of the churches in country, in the interpreting· of the Japan, there are still over fifty- laws, in education, and doing mnch four millions of people to be reached.

to build up a system of private In the words of the report of the schools from kindergarten to uni- recent National Conference held at versity grade, that shall give free Tokyo last April, "Approximately 80 play to the development of spiritual per cent. of the total population reside power, and not be shackled by the in rural districts, of which number tyranny of bald materialism. 96 per cent. constitute an entirely Not only has the more responsive unworked field. Of the remaining element of the nation shown that it 20 per cent. of popUlation residing in was profoundly imprest by Chris- cities and towns, about one-fifth is tian teaching and practise, but the still unprovided for; thus giving the more conservative bulk of Buddhism result that above 80 per cent. of the has not failed to give evidence that popUlation of Japan, or above forty it has felt the impact. If "imitation millions, are not being reached by- is the sincerest flattery," then one may the evangelistic forces…. A gi- judge something of the extent to gantic and yet most inspiring task, which this impact has been felt by therefore, still lies before us in the noting the avidity with which those Christianization of Japan, which of the Buddhist faith have taken up calls first of all for renewed humilia- the Christian methods of social ser- tioo, deeper consecration and a vice, in the more regular meetings larger life."

at the temples for preaching, in the For the accomplishment of this establishing of asylums and other "gigantic task" great reinforcements eleemosynary organizations hitherto are needed, amounting to four times unknown among them, in the found- the present number of Japanese ing of religious schools and theo- workers in order to give one worker logical (?) seminaries, in the adoption to 10,000 of popUlation, and twice of the Christian metbods of nomen- the present number of missionaries clature, which gives suc1r tenns as to give one to 60,000. To coordinatt;

UNFINISHED TASK IN

the whole work and secure the most Literature Society of Japan, which effective distribution of these Chris- has a comprehensive program artian forces, there is needed a definite ranged for attempting to supply the and comprehensive policy that shall need, but is greatly hampered for look toward a long future; also lack of funds. One of the importcloser cooperation and union in edu- ant things to be accomplished in cational and other forms of work Japan in the near future is the as well as the closest cooperation securing of an endowment fund for between the different Christian the advancement of the great work bodies in planning and carrying out of this Society. their evangelistic work. In this connection, journalism is There are signs that these con- another field that awaits the more ditions are to be met. Already there serious efforts of the Christian pen. is an organization known as the While there are many denominational Federation of Churches in Japan, papers and magazines published, and composed of churches that comprise while many of the editors of Japan's four-fifths of the Protestant Chris- daily papers are Christian men, yet tians, and indications now point to there is need of a thoroughgoing a time in the near future when the Christian daily newspaper that shall other one-fifth shall enter the organ- discuss current events from the ization and cooperate in this work of Christian standpoint, report fully and common interest. unbiasedly the Christian Movement in Japan, and in the world at large, 'For the more efficient work in and provide a high grade of reading evangelization there is need of better matter for use in the family. training for both missionary and native worker. A beginning has beel] Perhaps the greatest things yet to made here in the recent reorganiza- be accomplished in Japan wiII be tion of the Language School at along educational lines. More Chris- Tokyo, where better and more com- tian schools are needed, of all grades prehensive courses are now offered and for both sexes, and all to be to the new missionaries at the thresh- supplemented by a Christian Univerold of their work; and in the recent sity of the first rank. There are movements toward cooperation in signs that the Government is weaktheological teaching which give prom- ening in its opposition to the general ise of greater efficiency and better principle of private schools, and of results. Much more is expected Christian schools in particular, and along these lines. There remains to is assuming a more favorable attitude be developed a great and systematic toward Christian education. The body of Christian literature that shall general public also is coming to apcommand the interest and the respect preciate the need of religious inof the reading public at large, and fluence in the moral education of that shall rightly interpret the Chris- the young, and to recognize the good tian life and experience, and give moral influence that Christianity direction to religious and theological exerts in its schools. What remains thought. A beginning has been made to be done is to remove all the in the organization of the Christian ancient prejudices of both Govern-

ment and people by some positive, The Church of Christ in Japan pragmatic exhibition on a large scale needs to-day, more than ever before, of the beneficent influence of a com- the sympathy and the prayers of plete education, from kindergarten Christendom. The same problems to university, gained away from the that face society in every land are present materialistic surroundings of in evidence here-problems relating the public schools, and within the to intemperance, the soCial evil, healthful and refining atmosphere of divorce, labor and capital, factory Christian influence. So great is tbe conditions, female and child labor, seeming necessity of such a Christian and such like. In spite of all criti- university that it is safe to say that cisms against the church, it remains until it is forthcoming the ultimate true that, notwithstanding its numer- success of Christianity in Japan can ical weakness, there is no society in not be predicted. A beginning in this the Empire that can compare with it direction has been made at Kyoto, in its purity of motives and of life, where the historic Doshisha, founded and in its persistent efforts through by Dr. Niishima, has been advanced social. service to benefit the whole to a university, and where over one community. More and more it is thousand students in all departments feeling the immense responsibility are now gathered within this positiv~ that is resting upon it, a responsi- Christian environment; but something bility that was greatly augmented by Idrger and more appealing than this the Three Religions Movement, in- is needed. augurated in I9II, when the Govern- Japan and America ment gave its first favorable recog- Somewhat apart from the problem nition to Christianity.

of evangelizing Japan, and yet in- In the ancient struggle Buddhism timately connected 'with it, is the largely replaced Shinto, because it question of friendly and intimate had something superior to offer.

relations between that country and Then Buddhism lost a large segment the United States. One of the great of its devotees, because Confucianism things yet to be accomplished is the could offer something more satisfying getting rid of the strange misunder- to the reason, if not to the heart, and standings and the petty prej udices Christianity is bound to win its way that now disfigure the relations of because of the real value of what it these two nations, whose mutual wel- has to offer toward the satisfaction fare is so closely linked together, of the cravings of the human heart and who ought to join hands as man to find the living God, whom Shinto with man and walk together as veils, Buddhism denies, and Con- brethren. Happily, many efforts are fucianism ignores. If not ":in this now being made toward bringing generation," yet in God's own good about a better understanding and time, as the truth in Jesus Christ relationship; and the accomplishment becomes known in Japan through His of this desired result wiII go far human agents and through the Holy toward depriving the anti-Christian Spirit, He will surely "draw all men forces in Japan of their ammunition. unto Him."

UP GOOD MONEY IN BADD

One o f the colored posters used by the reformers in fighting the c1iggaaret evil in China Moral and Social Reform in China BY E. W. THWING, rEKINGG, CHINA Oriennttaa1l Secretary of the International Reform Bureau II1jC1]]HINA is passing bring the people of all parts of the through a time of country into close touch, as never great awakening. The before. These new impulses can . upheaval that has led therefore act directly upon millions . to the change of the of people. government of four hundred millions of people, from a Changing Social Custom. monarchy to a republic, can not be without lasting effects on the nation. Modern education in China is in- Many new forces have been put into troducing many changes among the operation, and . altho China to-day social customs of the people, especimay be in a sort of flux,, yet these ally among the younger generatiiOo!lI}J. forces are molding the people, and There is now considerable talk in the social life and thought are bound to newspapers against early marriages flow in many new channels. and others are advocating an acquain- tance between the young people The moral and social reform before marriage. Many of the rising movements are not of less import- students are objecting to having this ance than the political ones. The matter managed entirely by parents Chinese postal and telegraph service and "go-betweens." Semi-foreign

marriage ceremonies are now being cheap foreign whisky is being sold held in Peking and in the port cities. in the south as low as two dollars a case. Many of the modern Chinese The dress of the people is also believe that no feast or banquet can changing. Foreign hats and shoes are be complete without foreign liquors. worn very generaliy by the men among On the other hand, Temperance students and 'merchants in the large Societies are being organized in cities, and many modern school girls various places. Many of the churches are proud of their foreign hats and are taking a strong stand, and are daintily colored hair ribbons. urging their members to give up entirely the use of intoxicating The anti-foot-binding movement, liquors. It is unfortunate that the altho not yet strong in the interior missionary body is not a unit on this among the uneducated people, is still question. The HIoman's Wark, having large influence in the prin- published in Shanghai, has a special cipal cities. In most of the best department devoted to Temperance, girls' schools foot-binding is looked and some C1:tinese publications also upon with disapproval, and a number give considerable space to this reform. of newspapers have not only pub- The danger is great, and far more lished articles on the folly of the attention should be given to Temcustom, out have printed pictures, perance work in the line of, "Preshowing the crippled and crusht feet ventative Medicine." The beer halls of the women with the ~'golden and the prevalence of liquor drinking lilies." This movement will mean in Japan lead one to fear for the much for the true advancement of future of China. Missionary work- China. The Chinese say: "For each ers may well give much attention to pair of bound feet there has been this matter before conditions become shed a tubful of tears." Not only as bad as they are in the Island has this custom brought untold Empire. misery and suffering to millions of China's little girls, but it has dealt Cigareta and Morphine a great blow to the proper companionship of men and women, and Cigarets and morphine are two has kept China backward. No nation great pests which have been introthat keeps women in degradation duced into China in comparatively and ignorance can expect to .be modern times. As the Chinese say, strong. Now, however, the natural "Before the big black devil of opium foot movement is gaining in influence is disposed of the little white devils and is one of the signs of China's of cigarets and morphine are progress. coming in." Altho cigarets have only been used in China, to any extent, Temperance Work during the last twelve years, yet it is said that China now uses more While China's efforts to suppress cigarets than the people of the opium, and her remarkable successes United States. The British-American are surprizing the whole world, West- Tobacco Company has been' flooding ern intoxicants are coming into China in a most systematic way with China's ports in such large quantities this pestiferous article, which China as to present a very grave danger. Reports have been received that

AND SOCIAL REFORM IN CHINA

can ill afford to buy. The slogan bacco Company to be a Government of this company is "a cigaret in the concern. It is estimated now that mouth of every man, woman, and the Chinese spend more than twentychild in China." They spend some five million dollars (gold) per year two million dollars a year alone for for cigarets. An agent of the comadverti3ing, and spare no pains to pany said to me, "We aim to make introduce their goods. They give our cigaret business the largest busilarge salaries, and employ many ness in China; there is big money in graduates of American universities it." In 1912 the company reported and colleges, as well as many Chin- returns of 37 per cent. on their capital ese students from the mission-schools. in trat one year. Last year it was A missionary in Shantung, while more than 27 per cent. One often traveling recently on the railroad, sees little boys and girls from six to BURNING $10,000 (MEX.) WORTH OF OPIUM IN PEKING The opium was burned in nine. large iron kettles, and opium pipes and outfits were destroyed, by order of the Government, February, 1914. $50,000 worth was also recently destroyed in Fuchan.

met another gentleman whom he eight years old, or even younger, supposed to be a missionary. After puffing away at these cigarets. talking awhile the missionary asked, "What is your work?" and received The morphine habit is even morc the reply, "Oh, I am in educational injurious than the cigarets. Seven work." When they reached the next tons of morphia are manufactured town the gentleman said that he was every year in Edinburgh, much of getting off to give away cigarets, as which is sent to China. Besides that he was educating the people in the which is sold directly to China we habit of smoking. The name America are informed that three and a half is connected all over China with the tons are sold to the Japanese. They picture of a great "pirate" adver- manufacture the needles, and sell or tisiilg a brand of cigarets. Many smuggle large quantities of both Chinese seeing the "great American," needles and morphia into China. which is a part of the name often There is 100 per cent. profit in used in their signs, believe the To- this business. Missionaries report seeing poor victims, with their arms

or legs covered with sores and scabs the temptation for "squeeze" may from the use of the needle. It is have been stronger than the desire hoped that the coming Hague con- to stamp out opium, yet on the whole ference will ratify the opium agree- the Chinese have shown a fixt ment and do something to put an determination to overcome this evil. end to this morphine traffic. Nearly a year ago, at the invi- A report just at hand states that tation of The International Reform the Ministry of the Interior has Bureau, a National Opium Conferdrawn up a new set of regulations, ence was held in Peking. Official prohibiting students, soldiers, women representatives of most of the Provand children from smoking cigarets. inces met at this gathering. It re- These regulations were to be en- sulted in the formation of a National forced from April first, and punish- Opium Prohibition Union, which has ment will be meted out to the done good work through the year offenders against these new rules. under the splendid leadership of China may well take steps at once General L. Chang. The Union also to preserve her children from this sent General Chang as its represenevil. tative to England to bring the mes- sage of the Chinese people and to Anti-Opium Campaign urge speedy opium prohibition. The Reform Bureau has been enabled, The greatest of all the Chinese by the courtesy of the Chinese Govreforms is the campaign against ernment, tp keep in constant teleopium. China has already made re- graphic touch with the Governors of markable progress in opium prohi- the various Provinces. Some hunbition, for both the people and the dreds of telegrams have been sent, Government have taken great interest urging prohibition, pointing out the in the question. The fact that during weak places, and giving suggestions the past year there have been more for practical work. Many telegraphic public opium burnings than ever replies have been received, showing before, shows how sincerely the a spirit of appreciation and a desire effort has been to put down opium. on the part of China for real co- operation in the great Anti-Opium The cultivation of poppy has also Campaign. been supprest vigorously, and in some places with the aid of soldiers. There are many indications that Some Provinces, like Kweichow and the work is to be earnestly prest Kansuh, have taken special steps to forward. The Ministry of the Inprevent future poppy cultivation. terior has just sent telegrams ~o the Special presidential orders have been Governor-Generals and Civil Governissued against the growth of the ors of the various Provinces, orderpoppy, also urging strict enforcement ing that poppy cultivation must be of opium prohibition. The Pro- strictly prohibited, all poppy plants vincial Governors have, as a rule, found must be uprooted, and the taken a strong stand against this reports of the destruction of poppy evil. In spite of the distractions of fields must be investigated and cona second rebeIlion, the Government firmed. Should any report prove to be has kept straight on in opium prohibition, and altho in certain places

AND SOCIAL REFORM IN

false, the local magistrate will be Chinese and foreign merchants) has severely punished. Kansuh was the been a serious hindrance to China's worst province for the cultivation of efforts at prohibition. Through the the poppy last year. About a week ago efforts of the opium trust there, and the Reform Bureau sent a telegram because of the strong measures taken to the Governor of that Province by China to restrict the production of strongly urging that, as now was the the native drug, the value of this time of planting, strong action should foreign opium has greatly increased. be taken to prevent the recurrence During the past three months, the· THE FIGHT AGAINST OPIUM IN CHINA A cartoon showing the arrest of an opium-smoker and the confiscation of his outfit of the conditions of last year. A price has riven from about T4,OOO Reuter's telegram, published to-day, per chest to about T7,o00 per chest. states that severe measures are being The increase in number of opium taken to prevent further planting of shops in the foreign settlements of the poppy, and selling or smoking Shanghai is another discouraging of opium. It also states that on feature, but China is bound to push March 6th, at the province capital, the work forward. A report just at Lanchow, two thousand ounces of hand states that the opium traders opium were seized by the authorities, are becoming alarmed and the price and were publicly burned. of opium has suddenly dropt T1,OOO per chest. (Tr,ooo is equal The presence of large stocks of to about I,{OO Mexican dollars or opium in Shanghai (something like about $700 U. S. gold). The strong 13,000 or 14,000 chests, held by

action of the Chinese Government suffering from the serious effects of and the expected ratification of The the depreciation of bank notes, we Hague Opium Agreement is giving will not seek to suit our temporary the opium traders no little concern. convenience by suggesting the revival If China can only keep firm in her of gambling." prohibition efforts she may save $IOO,(X)(),(X)() of her people's money. The President recently issued a In that case the opium in Shanghai presidential order, prohibiting any would have to be returned to the gambling by officials. The President, source from which it came. in many of his orders, has strongly emphasized the importance of good The Movement Against Gambling character, virtue and social reform. Altho these things can not be at- There has been a general move~ tained without a renewing of the ment against the gambling evil heart, yet China's efforts in this throughout China since the establish~ direction are worthy of special attenment of the republican form of tion. The missionary work, through government. Gambling is recognized more than one- hundred years among as one of the great evils in this the people of this nation, is bringing country. At a recent opium burn~ the real salt which will make vital ing, held north of Peking, quite ;J and effective these reforms which number of gambling cards and other the Chinese really desire. accessories, which had been seized by' the police, were burned with the China at this changing period has opium. A telegram from Canton, many social problems to meet, ane! which reached Peking a few days the difficulties in the way are many, ago, is strongly opposed to the plan but there are many good men who to allow gambling again III that believe in so~ial and moral reform, Province. The ·telegram is from and they will help forward an era seventy~two Canton Guilds, and says: of progress among the millions of "The total suppression of gambling China. What has already been in the Kuangtung Province has been successfully accomplished in the fight effected through our strenuous against opium shows what the people efforts. Altho we are at present and the Government together can do in any reform movement.

A CHINESE VIEW OF FOREIGNERS This "old school" Chinese gentleman's description of "civilized" customs will be appreciated: "You can not civilize these foreign devils. They are beyond redemption. They will live for weeks and months without touching a mouthful of rice, but they eat the £les h of bullocks and sheep in enormous quantities. That is why they smell so bad. Their meat is not cooked in small pieces, but is carried into the room in large chunks, often half raw, and they cut and tear it apart. They eat with knives and prongs, so that one fancies himself in the presence of sword swallowers. They even walk the streets and sit down at the same tabl e with women. Yet the women are to be pitied for on festive occasions they are dragged around the room halfdrest to the accompaniment of the most fiendish music."-Indian Witness.

of Dawn In

Africa * A REVIEW OF A BOOK BY REV. J. H. I~ARRIS HE old order changeth, question IS settled, and the peace of Europe is assured, but sooner or I lTI givingplace to the new." later a re-shaping of the African Of no other period in colonies seems ordained.

the history of modern The so-called "Dark Continent" is seething with unrest, and the natives civilization could this be in many parts are awakening to the . said with greater truth needs of a larger life of opportunity. Rev. John H. Harris recently made a from a political point of view, than s,ooo-mile journey through Western equatorial Africa and he gained some of the first twelve years of important facts about industrial con- ditions and the prospects for the the twentieth century. The rise of future of the subject races. He has relied on natives and traders for his the Chinese Republic can only be re- facts rather than on information ob- tained from official circles. "A habit garded as the forerunner of even which I fear has sometimes entailed the appearance of discourtesy, but I greater political upheavals in the know how reticent the merchant com- munities are, no less than the native, Orient. Japan, still dizzy with the even the most untutored of them, if they see a man or woman holding wine of victory, can not be expected friendly relations with the powers that be. This method of investiga- to remain long inactive, or to confine tion I have always pursued, with the result that information of the utmost her restless energies to her own bor- value has been supplied." And we may add that for this reason, among ders, performing a mere sentinel duty others, Mr. Harris's work is of unique value as a true representation at the gateway of the East. 'While cer- of present-day conditions in Africa.

tain Powers in Europe are seeking an Before he entered missionary work, the author was connected with an im- opportunity for Colonial expansion, portant commercial house in London, which, among other advantages, gave how long will the Republican States of South America, already so largely dominated by German influence, be permitted to maintain their political integrity under the shelter of the Monroe Doctrine?

It has been stated on good author- ity that for some months previous to the outbreak of war between the Balkan States and Turkey, certain eminent European statesmen were busily engaged in rearranging the map of Africa in the interests of one or another Great Power. These con- templated changes will probably not be attempted until the Turkish-Balkan "Dawn in Darkest Africa" is a work of importance on present conditions, by John H. Harris, F.R.G.S. Introduction by The Earl of Cromer. (E. P. Dutton & Co., New York,)

him a large insight into foreign and long and is at last beginning to coionial questions. He has also been realize his strength. At present Britbrought in touch with public men and ain leads the way in giving the statesmen, like ex-President Roose- native the fullest scope for his abilivelt, Sir Edward Grey, Sir Harry ties. In British and Portuguese Johnston and others, and is, there- colonies alone in West Africa, has fore, unusually well equipped to re- the free native the chance of attaining view African problems from the state3- the full stature of a man. In German men's and the native's standpoint. and French tropical territories the native is there, not as a citizen, but Geographically speaking, Africa is merely as a necessary adjunct to the no longer "The Dark Continent." production of wealth for the white Every river and forest has been ex- man. How long will he be content plored, every desert crossed, and with this position is a question, and nearly every tribe is known and can the evidences of a coming change are be located. Furthermore, nearly everywhere apparent." Mr. Harris every foot of territory is for the pres·· regrets that the Africa which he has ent under the control of some foreign known, and even loved, is being power. Yet signs are not wanting "hustled away" and that soon the that a change of rulers is imminent rivers, forests and tribes will have when nations seeking colonial expan- lost the mystery which gave them sion, by trading or purchase, will charm. Commerce, too, is undergoing be enabled to extend their African changes, and the trader who went possessions. forth single-handed to conquer, to bring the wilderness in touch with "In fifty years," writes Mr. Harris, civilization, "has given place to the "the map of Africa will bear little re- soulless corporation, with directors semblance to that of to-day. And who are mere machines for registerwhat of the natives? Are they to ing dividends." have no voice in their destiny?" While the rights of the native tribes In no part of Africa have there are never considered by the eminent been greater changes than in the statesmen who are rearranging Kong-o. Only a few years ago this Africa, it is evident that the natives vast territory was a disgrace to civilin many parts of the continent have ized Europe. Under Leopold the their own views on the subject of population was reduced from 20,000,- being bartered and exchanged at the 000 to 8,000,000. The ruinous methwill of foreign nations. Mr. Harris ods employed in gathering rubber and notes that in West Africa they are the wanton destruction of elephants awakening to the fact, that education for their ivory showed that the is a mightier power than arms. Leopo1dian policy was as ruinous from "Education is advancing by leaps and a humanitarian standpoint. The author bounds, and the more virile colonies of the present work believes that the are producing strong men, who will Kongo is too big for Belgium to make themselves felt before many manage alone; that she is not strong years have passed over our heads. enough to carry out the reforms The African is shaking himself free which she is sincerely anxious to from the shackles he has worn so

OF DAWN IN DARKEST

make. Some of the most flagrant might well envy their fellows in Por- abuses have been rectified, but as tuguese Africa. Alongside of inti- long as the Government itself is inter- mate social relations with the natives ested in commercial enterprises the is a widespread plantation slavery in main causes for these abuses will Angola, San Thome, and Principe." exist. Old officials experienced in the methods that obtained in Leopold's In Angola half of the population is day are still employed, and the author said to be living under some form of is of the opinion that they keep out slavery, and before the eyes of the Belgian administrators of a higher Governor, the Bishop, and high offitype. Moreover, such radical reforms cials are to be found "bridewells" for as the condition of the Kongo de- the production of slaves, where they mands, can only be effected at a cost are bred after the methods of the perhaps heavier than the Belgian tax- stock-farm. "In San Thome the conpayers would be found willing to pay. tracted laborer from Angola is a For these, and other reasons, Mr. slave; he calls himself a slave, and the Harris believes the Kongo territories Mozambique free man holds him in too heavy a burden for Belgium to contempt as a slave; either he was bear, and suggests that Germany captured, or purchased on the mainshould take over the greater part, land with cash by the plantation also a portion of French Kongo, con- owner, just as men purchase cattle, ceding, "an adequate quid pro quo to or capture wild animals." France." Of the pathetic, the tragic features Slavery in the Portuguese Possessions of slavery in the Portuguese colonies Mr. Harris has many deeply moving Portuguese West Africa presents stories to tell. He was not content to many anomalous conditions which are accept "the reports of others, or hearnot found in any other colonies of the say evidence, but personally investi- Dark Continent. Here the native gated the slave question for himself. races are accorded the best and the One story which he heard from the worst treatment. "The best for the lips of a poor bond-woman is but one free native, the best for the educated of many. colored man, and the best for the colored woman. In every other "She had not been long on the colony-and in this respect the British coast, for only a few months ago she colonies are becoming the worst- had for the first time witnessed the race prejudice not only prevails, but is Atlantic breakers tossing themselves on the increase. In the Portuguese with impetuous fury on that strip colonies there is a pleasing ·absence of rocky shore. The hour was that of race prejudice; natives of equal of the mid-day rest and the woman social status are as freely admitted to was sitting sadly apart from the other Portuguese institutions as white men; laborers. A glance at her attitude, the hotels, the railways, the parks, coiffure, and other characteristics and roads possess no color-bar. If the rendered her a somewhat singular Portuguese colonies could be purged figure in that group. Somewhere in of their foul blot of slavery, the Central Africa those cicatrized arms, natives of the other African colonies that braided hair, had a tribal home.

"'True white man I have come

from far; from the land of great as so much waste paper. Portuguese rivers and dark forests.' statesmen have unwillingly acknowl- " 'How were you enslaved?' I asked. edged that the power of vested " 'They charged me with theft and interests in the colonies can nullify then sold me to another tribe, and every attempt made by the govern- they in turn to a black trader. This ment to introduce reforms. Such be- man drove me for many moons along ing indisputably the case it seems the great road until a white man at impossible that Great Britain should D – – – bought me and sent me. continue an alliance with a' Power here. Where am I going now? Who "which by a persistent violation of can tell. I suppose I shall be sold to international obligations exposes not another planter.' " only herself, but her ally, to a defense Torn from family and friends she of slavery and, the slave trade."

had been nearly ten months marching The all-important question of the down to the coast, a distance from "repatriation" of the slaves is dis- her tribe in the Kongo of not less cust in detail by Mr. Harris and than 1,500 miles. deserves more consideration than we Mr. Harris describes the rise of a are able to give it in this article. It great slave-owner, who from being a is of course claimed by the planters ragged urchin running about the that their human chattels are much streets of San Thome now owns better off working for them, than if elegant mansions in three European they were returned to their old capitals and is the sovereign lord over homes. Also, they argue, many of the thousands of slaves. He lives in laborers have forgotten the districts almost regal state, the center of a from which they were originally "re- crowd of admiring sycophants and cruited" and they might come under parasites who give no thought to the evil influences, and perhaps starve, if miserable creatures who toil in blood dumped down on the main land. It and tears to enrich their master. is true the "repatriation" question From 5 :30 in the morning until sun- presents many difficulties, but Mr.

set the wretched human chattels labor Harris believes they are not insur- in the tropic heat, cultivating cocoa. mountable, and by no means so nu- "That their master may fare sump- merous as the planters try to make tuously every day in Europe, and out. "Repatriation" was begun tenta- finance dethroned royalty, which is tively in the year 1908, not always not ashamed to use these ill-gotten with the happiest results, but this funds in half-hearted endeavors to was owing, says our author, to the regain a discredited crown." barbarous and inhuman methods em- Why, it is often asked, does the ployed.

Government of Portugal, so loud and It has been mooted in high quarters vehement in proclaiming its devotion that Portugal's treatment of the na- to human freedom, permit slavery to tives demands the transfer of her exist? The answer always is, that African territories to some such pro- the colonies are beyond the Govern- gressive power as Germany, for a ment's control. The planters treat financial consideration. Mr. Harris "regulations" sent out from the Tagus expresses a doubt that the natives

OF DAWN IN DARKEST AFRICA 689~

would fare any better under German Church at least belongs the honor of rule than they do now, for while a having saved 011 the spot the Kongo number of colonial Portuguese are natives from extermination." slave-owners and traders "the Portuguese have a kindly nature, to which One curious and interesting fact we can appeal, and signs are not noted by this author is that the mawanting of an awakening of the con- jority of administrators and commersCience of the Portuguese nation in a cial men hold in a measure of conmanner which may lead to a thorough tempt the Protestant missionary, while cleansing of the colonial possessions his Catholic brethren are generally of the Republic." esteemed. This attitude, Mr. Harris believes, is owing to th~ fact that the Germany, says our author, is in Catholic missionary is more diplomatic many respects a progressive power, in his relations with traders and but she has never shown any philan- administrators; he is more genial; "a thropic consideration for the well- good fellow" where his Protestant being of the native races. A single confrere may be bluff, unbending and word from Germany signifying a somewhat puritanical. The Protestant· willingness to cooperate with Great missionaries are free to criticize admin- Britain during the Kongo agitation, istrations, e;'pose iniquities and opwould have saved thousands, if not pressions, which the Catholic fathers millions, of lives. That word was are not allowed to do. The crime of never spoken; the Kongo tribes were the Kongo was exposed by Protestant left to perish, and German public missionaries on the spot, tho the opinion maintained a cynical attitude Catholics far outnumbered them, and to the end. the same could be said of the atroci- ties in the French Kongo and the Portugal has declared very em- slavery in the island of St. Thome. phatically, that she will not part with The author believes that this antipher ancient colonies, but unless she athy toward Protestant missionaries begins at once to purge her adminis- is likely to become more marked in tration and abolish slavery, there is the future. every reason to believe that she will be forced to do so. In other words The highly organized syndicate, she must "Get on, or get out." which has replaced to a large degree the old-time trader, has sufficient The Progress of Christian Minion. power and influence at home and abroad to threaten and coerce any "Of all the forces which have made administration. "The missionary, bold for real progress in West Africa," in his isolation, knowing no higher writes Mr. Harris, "Christianity authority than his own highly temstands, some say first, others second, pered conscience, willing, if need be, but none can place it last. To it to suffer any extremity, is bound to belongs primarily, in point of time at find himself more and more in conflict teast, the economic prosperity of the with the exploiting energy of these Gold Coast. To it belongs, almost vigorous dividend-seekers. This conentirely, the credit for the native fEct is of course an excellent tonic for clerks, and educated men of the Coast. the church, but it makes the lot of To one section of the Christian

these isolated men and women in ing of the value of Medical Missions Central Africa much harder to bear." in the African field. No other agency, In his review of Christian progress, he believes, is quite so effective in Mr. Harris says, that few gains have establishing friendly relations with the been made in the far hinterland of natives as the work of the medical the Sierra Leone Protectorate, the missionary. Every cure that is effected Northern Territories of the Gold speaks more eloquently to the native Coast, or in Northern Nigeria. "In than many sermons or ethical dis- the Sierra Leone Colony where slaves courses, and makes him very receptive liberated during a period of 50 years to Christian teaching.

were dumped down as they were re- In recent years Protestant Missions leased from British battleships, Chris- have successfully carried on industrial tianity has permeated fairly complete- and commercial enterprises in the ly the life and habits of the people; interest of the natives. At Abeokuta nearly two-thirds of the population are all the public buildings of that fine nominally Christian, while the heathen city were erected by the Christian number less than one-tenth. In the Industrial School. In the Gold Coast Gold Coast the Basel Mission alone, the German Basel Mission leads the has more than 30,000 adherents who way among Industrial Missions. Here find about $25,000 for mission ex- the Commercial Section includes penses. Another notable and interest- Industrial· Training Institutes, and ing fact is, that the natives have in- nothing could be more pleasing, says vested in the Mission School Bank Mr. Harris, than the energy and over $r r 5,000, a larger amount than interest displayed by the natives who they have placed with the Govern- devote themselves to cabinet-work, ment, showing the confidence the coach-building and agricultural pur- natives have in the Christian Church suits, but the main activities of this as a depository. department are those of the ordinary In Southern Nigeria half the popu- African merchant, with the exception lation is Mohammedan, very tenacious that the agents are forbidden to sell of their faith, and noted for their spirituous liquors. This branch of the piety and simple life; an altogether work is conducted by 23 "mercantile superior class. Christian advance is missionaries" with very satisfactory opposed in the more northern terri- results. The white men are assisted tory by officialdom, on the ground of by colored men in charge of the possible trouble with the Mohammedan branches, and who on Sundays may community. Below Nigeria and south be found teaching in the Bible Schools of the Niger Delta, Paganism is ram- and preaching at the out-stations of pant, while Mohammedanism does not the Mission. The income from the exist. "A paganism" says our author industrial work and the manufactures "so broken by the forces of civilization, must almost, if not completely, cover so rent, and riven by internal mistrust the Mission's expenditures. "Its gene- that the masses of the people are cry- ral business operations," writes the ing out: 'Who will show us any author, "splendid educational institu- good?'" tions, its devoutly spiritual atmos- Mr. Harris is enthusiastic in speak- phere, combine in forming one of the

OF DAWN IN DARKEST AFRICA 6g1

greatest, if not the greatest, force for colonies; the natives contributing an progress in the Gold Coast Colony. increasing sum to the British Society, But the price has to be paid, for, ac- which gives a "return" in cash from cording to the Acting Governor, 'the the Native Christian Community of highest death-rate was among the the Portuguese Colonies of over $150,- missionaries.' " 000 per annum, or an average of $1.06 per head throughout the Of the 550 missionaries who have churches. labored to spread the Gospel in West Africa, over 170 found an To the author the future of Chrisearly grave, some of them living tianity in West Africa is bright with only a few days, being stricken down promise, but he also recognizes that almost on the day of their arrival in its progress is beset with many danthe field. Of these noble martyrs to gers. In early years missionaries subthe cause of Christ, the author says, ordinated everything to the actual "These men and women were not work of preaching, but experience has only the matured youth of their shown that the native preacher if countries, but they were compelled t·o properly trained can carry the mespass the most rigid medical examina- sage further than the white man tion prior to their acceptance by the could ever hope to reach, while his Missionary Boards. They were indeed mastery over the native tongue gives the flower of the Christian Church." him an immense advantage. As the Appalling as the mortality has been result of this spreading the Gospel among these chosen ones, they did largely through native preachers, the not die in vain, but that many might whole of the riverine systems of be lifted out of the darkness that Central Africa are being brought shrouded their lives, into the glory under the influence of Christianity. infinite that lights the pathway of The bush native no longer clings to those that love the Lord. Paganism, and if not a Mohammedan calls himself a Christian, tho his Without giving 111 detail Mr. manner of living may be of the most Harris's interesting statistics that immoral description. show the results of missionary labor in West Africa a few figures may On the dangers that threaten the be of interest. For Sierra Leone, future of Christianity in West Africa Nigeria, Gambia, Gold Coast, Kongo and other parts of the continent, Mr. and Angola the total number of adhe- Harris presents some striking facts: rents (known members and communicants) is given as 214,50I; scholars, "Already in several colonies the na- 79,861; annual native contributions, tives are restive under an inadequate $163,395. white control and leadership. Edu- cated in the principles of liberty, but These estimates do not exhibit the without much respect for, or belief in, wide interest displayed by the natives the nobler tenets of the Christian in Christianity, which is shown in faith, they are breaking away from their considerable purchase of the Church Government and forming Scriptures. The British Bible Socie- themselves into Christian communities ties ship thousands of pounds' worth in which personal desire 1S never of Bibles every year to the different allowed to conflict with accepted

standards of ethics. One day I visited one seceding church in West Africa a leading 'Christian' in a certain claims a membership of over 10,000 colony; he showed me round the adults." district, took me over his delightful little farm, pointed out his model Mr. Harris is far from being an dwellings, etc.; then I inspected a alarmist, but he foresees that unless building with three compartments, the missionary societies can supply a and was informed that one section sufficient number of men to check the was used as a gin store, the middle spread of this movement, all Central section for prayer meetings and in the Africa may be brought under "the third the man kept his wives! All influence of a form of Christianity this, he boldly asserted, could be which for many years will be a justified by reference to the Scrip- caricature of the religion of Jesus tures. I was not prepared to con- Christ. The only hope, and happily a test the assertion, because my host probable development, is that the religclaimed his own conscience as the ious wave which is now sweeping final arbiter of. interpretation. The irresistibly across the central region, extent to which these secessions may will be followed by an ethical wave, go, can be gathered from the fact that which will give the 'Light eternal' to the Dark Continent."

TO GIVE IS TO LIVE The sun is forever pouring its gold The seas lend silvery rays to the On a hundred worlds that need to borrow; land, The land its sapphire streams to His warmth he squanders on sum- mits cold, the ocean; The heart sends blood to the brain His wealth on the homes of want and sorrow. of command, To give The brain to the heart its light- Is to live. ning motion; The flower shines not for itself at all, And over and over we yield our breath Its joy IS the joy it freely diffuses; Till the mirror is dry and images death. Of beauty and balm it is prodigal, And it lives in the life it freely To live loses; Is to give.

No choice for the rose but glory ·Dead is the hand that IS not open or doom, wide To exhale or smother, to wither or bloom. To help the need of a human To deny Is to die. brother; He doubles the length of his life- long ride 'Who gives of his fortunes to help another; And a thousand million lives are his Who carries the world in his sympathies.

To deny Is to die. -Selected.

DEI>ADTMENT

OF BEST METHODS CONDUCTED BY BELLE M. BRAIN, COLLEGE HILL, SCHENECTADY, NEW YORK OPENING THE FALL CAMPAIGN fJV ACATION days are over, The command to ~'Go forward" was ~ and the busy world is preceded by the command to "Stand preparing to run at full speed once more. The still." This is the true order. Pente- Church, no less than the cost followed a season of united prayer – world, is ready to take up and supplication in the upper room. ] t its work with new vigor. is "not by might, nor by power, but by my Spirit, saith the Lord of Hosts," There is no better time (with the that great works are accomplished, great possible exception of the First of victories won. January) for overhauling old methods and inaugurating new ones. Nine or In view of this, the best possible ten months of almost uninterrupted plan for opening the fall campaign is opportunity lie ahead before the next the holding of a "Quiet-Hour Service" long vacation. No missionary organ- in which those whose hearts are filled ization should enter upon it in hap- with longing to see God's kingdom hazard fashion with nothing definite prosper, may come together to plead planned. A carefully thought-out cam- HiS' promises and claim their fulfilment. paign tends to multiply results and Such a meeting need not be large. Its make them great and lasting. A right success is not at all dependent on beginning is of the utmost importance. numbers. A few earnest souls with hearts on fire for God can call down A Quiet-Hour Service the coveted blessing. This is a plan The best preparation for a season that has been tested again and again of service is a quiet waiting before God by the Best Methods Editor in different . for guidance of the Holy Spirit. Before organizations, and never once has it making any plans whatever we should failed to bring a blessing. ask God to reveal His will and show us just what He would have us to do. Praying or Planning Otherwise we may "run before we are sent." This is one of the gravest errors BY JESSIE ANDREWS of the present generation of Christian workers. Only when we are doing a We plan and plan, then pray God-appointed work in God's own way That God may bless our plan. can we be sure of results that abide. "I never ask God to bless my plans," So runs our dark and doubtful way, said a religious leader at a conference That scarce shall lead unto the day- some time ago. His fellow workers were shocked and demanded an explanation. So runs the life of man! "It is true," he repeated with 'emphasis. But, hearken! God saith, "Pray!" "I never ask God to bless my plans. I ask Him to reveal His plans and bless me And He will show His plan, in trying to carry them out." And lead us in His shining way That leadeth on to perfect day- Each God-surrendered man! -The Sunday-School Times.

Missionary Workers' Conference A very good way to open the fall campaign is for all the missionary

forces of a church to unite in holding vicinity. The program consisted of a Missionary Workers' Conference. A reports from several of the summer week-night is best for this-the mid- mISSIOnary conferences and the acweek prayer-meeting night if the pastor co~nt of a visit to Ellis Island made is willing. by one of the members.

After a short devotional service, let A reproduction of the miniature panthe officers 0 f all the missionary societies orama, "The Open Window,"* with an or bands connected with the church and endless procession of Christless women the chairmen of the missionary com- passing by (See "The King's Business," mittees of the church and Sunday- by Mrs. Raymond, page 23), that had school, present· their plans for the made such an impression at Northfield coming fall and winter. Give the the previous July, and pictures of the pastor an opportunity to' tell of his Immigrant Pageant and the China aspirations for the church in a mis- Demonstrations that had been special sionary way, and spend some time in features at Silver Bay, added not a discussing how the church and its little to the interest of the meeting. various organizations can become a greater power in the community, especi- Rallies with Social Features ally along the lines of city missionary work. Then call for volunteers III Fall rallies that combine social feathe work. If the meeting is rightly tures with plans for work and the conducted there will undoubtedly be enlistment of new members, can be some present who will make a decision made both enjoyable and effective. for the first time to take up some They may be either luncheons or specific form of missionary service-at suppers where everybody sits down to least this' has been the experience of a daintily spread tajJle and partakes of those who have tried this method of a real meal, or simply afternoon affairs opening tne fall campaign. with nothing but a cup of tea and a few wafers by way of refreshment. The meeting should close with a Sometimes they are held by individual season of prayer for the guidance of societies, . sometimes by federations or the Holy Spirit and the blessing of unions of all the societies in the com- God on all that is undertaken. munity.

Missionary Vacation Experiences A very successful rally on this order A good plan for a society or a was held a year or two ago by the federation of societies returning to Prospect Chapter of the Westminster work after the summer recess' is a Guild (a young woman's organization meeting with "Missionary Vacation in the Presbyterian Church), in Tren- Experiences" as the topic. In almost ton, New Jersey. About sixty girls in every community there are one or more the church and Sunday-school, many persons who have enjoyed special mis- of whom were not connected with any sionary privileges during the summer, missionary organization, were invited the telling of which would prove a to a supper. As a result there was a joy and inspiration to thos'e less favored great revival of missionary interest than themselves. among the old members and a new A meeting of this kind, that was chapter of the Westminster Guild was greatly enjoyed and proved very profit- organized in the church. able, was held last October by the Woman's Union Baptist Missionary * Directions for making such a window are Society of Schenectady, New York, and given bv Miss Edith Thomson in "How to Use," a handbook of suggestions, prepared by Mrs. Montgomery, to accomnany "The King's Busi- ness," pages 70 to 74. . Published by the Central Committee for the United Study of Foreign Mis· sions, ''''est Medford, Mass. Price 20 cents.

OF BEST Ml!:THODS 6gs

Progressive Mis.ionary Tea was appropriate musif: between the courses. The Woman's Home Companion re- cently gave an account of a unique At this novel tea fifty women had missionary tea given by a woman's five important phases of the society'::; society which would prove an excellent work presented to them, and the way of opening a fall campaign in hostesses came into touch with fifty either a woman's or a young woman's different women. It was a great suc- society. cess. As a result the membership was nearly doubled, the pledges to missions Five hostesses were appointed, an,l were greatly increased, new subscrip- five tables prepared. The tables were tions to magazines were obtained, and designated respectively as "Associa- in every way the society made large tion," "Program," "Membership," gains. "Literature," and "Giving," and the hostess for each table was selected The United Campaign for 1914·1915 with regard to her fitness to discu3s "For years we have talked about the topic for which her table stood. 'united campaigns,'" says The Mission- Long before the day set for the tea, arv Herald. "In 1914-15 we are really each made a special study of the best to- have one! With the slogan, 'Christ method of presenting her subject and for every life and all of life: and 'The came prepared to make the most of Social Force of Missions' as the great her opportunity. The hostess of the central theme, all boards-home and giving table was ready with pledge foreign, general and women's-will cards to be taken home and signeu, work together to present the missionary and the hostess of the literature table enterprise in its most compelling form. was provided with samples of maga- The timeliness and attractiveness of zines and other missionary literature the theme are obvious to alI who know for free distribution. how generally the most earnest people in our churches are thinking 111 social Fifty women came and were divided terms." into five groups, ten for each table. This campaign is to begin at once, There were five courses, served by and every church should prepare to the young women of the church. The participate in it. Abundant literature first course was fruit, and while it of a very high order has been prewas being eaten the hostesses presented pared, including text-books suitable for their subj ects, the guests asking ques- all ages and both sexes, written by tions and entering into the discussions some of the best literary talent in the if they so desired. At the end of ten country. Official ones for united use minutes a bell rang, and each party have been prepared by the Missionary of ten progressed to the next table, Education Movement, the Central Comthere to discuss another phase of the mittee for the United Study of Foreign missionary problem. The hostesses, of Missions, and the Council of Women course, remained at their own tables. for Home Missions. The list is as follows: The second course was sandwiches, olives and pickles; the third ice cream Missionary Education Movement and cake; the fourth, tea and wafers; the fifth, candies. A more elaborate "The Social Aspects of Foreign Mismenu could be substituted, but this sions," by Dr. W. H. P. Faunce, Presiwas inexpensive, easy to prepare, and dent of Brown University. Cloth, 60 could be quickly served without delay. cents; paper, 40 cents. The favors were little painted cards. containing missionary texts, and there "The Individual and the Social Gos- pel," a four-chapter book for busy men,

by Dr. Shailer Mathews, Dean of the let, "Christ for Every Life and All Divinity School, University of Chicago. of Life," containing the details of the Cloth, 2S cents. United Campaign and a list of all the "The New Home Missions," by Dr. H. literature available for it. Ministers may also obtain a pamphlet, "Making Paul Douglas, Secretary of the American the United Missionary Program Effec- Missionary Association. Cloth, 60 cents; tive," prepared exclusively for their use. paper, 40 cents.

"The American Indian on the New Trail," by Thomas C. Moffett, Superin- The Wednesday Night Club tendent of Indian Work, Presbyterian A fall campaign of large propor- Board of Home Missions. Cloth, 60 tions along mISSIOnary lines was cents; paper, 40 cents. planned and put into successful execu- Central Committee for the United Study of tion last autumn in the Lake Avenue Foreign Missions Baptist Church, Rochester, New York, of which the Rev. Albert W. Beaven "The Child in the Midst," by Mrs. Ben- is pastor. This wideawake church jamin W. Labaree, formerly a missionary supports three foreign missionaries and to Persia. Cloth, 50 cents, postage, 8 two home missionaries, in addition to cents; paper, 30 cents, postage, 6 cents.

"Our World-Family," a junior foreign work done through many city mis- missions text-book, by Helen Douglas sionary organizations. Mrs. Mont- Billings. Paper, 25 cents. gomery's father, Doctor Barrett, was Interdenominational Home Missions Study pastor of it for many years and she Course and her husband and mother are in- defatigable workers there at the present "Missionary Women and the Social time. Question," by Mrs. Fred Smith Bennett, President Woman's Presbyterian Board The campaign began with the for- of Home Missions. Paper, 18 cents. – mation of a "Wednesday Night Club,"

"In Red Man's Land," by Francis E. the purpose of which, as stated in the Leupp, former United States Commis- prospectus, was "to save time and carsioner of Indian Affairs. Supplementary fare, and make it possible for a good chapter on missions among the Indians, many people to come to a good many by the Rev. A. F. Beard, D.D. Cloth, 57 things at the church that they could cents; paper, 35 cents. not attend if they were scattered through the week. "With these ideas "Goodbird the Indian," told by him- in view, as many as possible of the self to Gilbert L. Wilson. Junior home activities of the church (particularly mission text-book. Cloth, 40 cents; paper, 25 cents; postage extra.

the devotional, study, and committee Bes'ides these text-books, much addi- meetings) were grouped together on tional literature in the way of helps Wednesday. The Woman's Society on the text-books, programs for mid- changed its monthly meeting to Wed- week, and young people's meetings, nesday afternoon at 2.30, and an sermon suggestions to pastors, helps for elaborate schedule was prepared for a workers among children, and outlines series of "Big Wednesday Evenings."

for Sunday-school programs, is being The Wednesday Night Club was issued by the Missionary Education planned as a permanent urganization, Movement, the women's organizations but in the beginning it was something and the denominational boards. AllY of an experiment. .The first period of time after September I, anyone who ten weeks (October, November, and asks for it may obtain from the Mis- part of December, 1913) had missions sionary Education Movement, 156 Fifth as its central theme, and was put into Avenue, New York, a copy of a book- the hands of the Mis'sionary CQtU-

OF BEST METHODS

mlSSlOn, an organization composed of through Ellis Island, given by about all the missionary forces of the church, forty of the young people; the demon- with Mr. A. D. McGlashan, a student stration of a day in the life of a misin Rochester Theological Seminary, as sionary in India, given by Mrs. Hamill, leader. The schedule for each Wed- formerly a missionary in India, assisted nesday evening was as follows·: by a group of young people. On some of the evenings there were addresses 5.00 to 6.00 P.M.-Committee meetings by such well-known speakers as Doctor of such groups as needed to meet from Barbour, Mrs. Montgomery and Protime to time. fessor Henry Robbins.

6.20 to 7.00.-Supper served at 20 cents For the study classes from 7.30 to to all to whom it would be a convenience 8. 15 no less than thirteen courses were to take supper at the church. At the offered as electives. These included close of the meal a good "sing," led by a three on foreign missions, three on volunteer orchestra and chorus formed home missions, one on city missions, to help with the "Big Wednesday Even- and six on general missionary topics, ings." such as "The Business Side of the Mission Task" (a course for business 7.00 to 7.30.-Missionary entertain- men), "Comparative Religions," "The ments, dramatic presentations of mis- Bible and Missions," and "Medical sionary stories and foreign peoples, and Missions'." It had been announced that addresses on missionary topics. no class would be held unless at least five persons elected to take it, but nine 7.30 to 8.15.-Mission study in classes. of the thirteen had a sufficient enrol- 8.15 tei 9.oo.-Devotional service, with ment to warrant fheir being given, the special topics for prayer and discussion. number signing for them ranging from 9.00 to 10.00.-Committee meetings and 8 to 40 to 50. The business men's small group sessions. course proved one of the most popular. the attendance sometimes running as The whole plan was carried out on high as 30 or 35. Each class held one a very large scale. There were mis- open night in the Sunday-school room in sions in everything, it being the pur- order that those who came to the pose of the Commission to bring the supper, but were not enrolled in a subject before the people in all its class, might participate in the study. phases and from every angle. The first night there were nearly 300 in On the close of the mission study attendance, and during the ten weeks' campaign about the middle of Decemcourse, the average attendance was ber, the Wednesday Night Club took about 175. a recess of three weeks. On January 7, I915, it started up again with Bible The supper hour was made very study as the central theme. A comenjoy.able by the introduction of all mlSSlOn was appointed and the same sorts of jokes and surprizes that helped general plan was followed as to hours in the fellowship and made it easy to and supper. The attendance was even get acquainted. Some of the stunts larger than during the first period, and perpetrated were missionary in char- the plan has proved so popular and acter and gave not a little real infor- helpful that it is to be repeated this mation about missions. year. The same general schedule will be followed-missions first, then some- Among the entertainments during thing allied to Bible study: the hour from 7.00 to 7.30 were an impersonation of "Cindy's Chance" (a "The results of the experiment have story of miSSIOn work among the Southern Mountaineers), given by a group of girls; the representation of a company of immigrants coming

been exceedingly satisfactory," wrote ful. We have found absolutely no Mr. Beaven at the close of the mission attempt on anyone's part to take study period last December. "Many advantage of the low-priced meal. Nor of our people have become interested have we found that people have come in missions; the men of the church to the fun part, stayed to the class'es, testify that their attitude toward mis- and then left. They have universally sions has been almost revolutionized. come to supper and stayed through Other results have been the enlarging the prayer-meeting, and there have of the prayer-meeting to double its been many committee meetings held size; the engendering of a feeling of after that. Our people have. devoted good felIowship all through the church; Wednesday to the church, and it has and the enlisting of the help of scores resulted in a great saving of time, and scores of young people who had carfare, and nerves, and has doubled never attended prayer-meeting before the amount of committee work the or had been especially interested in pastor and his assistants and workers missions." have been able to do."

Miss Stevens, the pastor's secretary, A Campaign on Immigration adds the following, after the plan had been tested for nearly a year: A very effective fall campaign was planned and carried out last year by "I think the most general effects Mrs. Alfred S. Davis, with the assisthave been the fine feeling of good ance of two young ladies, in the First fellowship among all the people that Baptist Church of Bennington, Verhas lasted and will last; the conviction mont. It might well serve as a model of all the people that fellowship and for a missionary campaign on any religion are not far apart, proved by subject. the fact that there has been absolutely no feeling of constraint or embarrass- The topic was "Immigration," and all ment in going from the jolliest supper departments of the church were enhour to the most devotional kind of listed. The campaign began early in Bible study, nor from the most exciting the falI and culminated with the Christdiscussions of the Bible class lessons, mas entertainment of the Sunday-school. to the general prayer-meeting; the very Two study classes were held, one for widespread and general. interest in the members of the Woman's Missionary spiritual side of things, and .the de- Society, the other for the young people. velopment of spirituality in the meet- There was a public debate on the subings of the church. ject, "Should Immigration be Further Restricted by the Literacy Test?" a "The Sunday-school and other organ- lecture on Immigration, illustrated by izations of the church received many stereopticon slides, an address given new members, and about 40, I should one Sunday evening by a Baptist think, came into the church without worker at Ellis Island; and a recepany special effort being made; that is, tion and tea given by one of the they came Wednesday nights and felt members of the church at her home, at home, and naturally came into our at which a collection was taken for membership. Many others were gotten work among the immigrants. in touch with who simply came for the friendship, and have been held In the Sunday-school there was a and brought into the church and i~s course on immigration with charts, etc., organizations'. About 140 in all came given during the opening exercises. into the church during the year. One nation was taken each· Sunday, and the Sunday-school orchestra played "The supper has been very success-

the national airs of each on its day. of fine scrap-books were made of cloth There was a separate course in the with gay pictures pasted in, and a primary department. goodly supply of books, toys, hair- ribbons, neckties, etc., were brought i'l The exercises in the Sunday-school and sent to the denominational worker on the Sunday evening before Christ- at Ellis Island. mas consisted of an arrangement of carols and readings, and an exercise, One Church'. Program "America's Welcome," in which twenty children took part, ten drest as The following program, drawn up immigrants and ten in white as Americ for the Congregational Church of cans. Each carried its own flag. With North Andover, Mass., by its pastor, songs and recitations they marched to the Rev. John L. Keedy, should prove a gateway where, after an address of suggestive to other churches. The Mis- welcome from an American child, the sionary Herald, in which it was re- immigrants passed through and ex- cently printed, calls attention to the changed the flags of their native lands fact that it "includes both the educa- for American flags. It was very tional and financial objectives and pretty and effective. places as the first thing to be attained a canvas for pledges and next to this The Christmas entertainment of the a canvas for sUbscriptions to church Sunday-school (the main department) and missionary periodicals." was a "Costume Party." Everybody was requested to go drest as an im- A SUGGESTED MISSIONARY migrant, and those who failed to do PROGRAM so were fined a srpall sum, which went to immigrant work. There were all 1. A canvass of our church-members for sorts of queer costumes, and the fun pledges. To be done by the finance began with a grand march in which committee and pastor. only those drest as immigrants were allowed to participate. This created a 2. A canvass for subscriptions to misgreat deal of merriment, and when it sionary papers and church periodicals. was over there were games and refresh- By a special committee. ments, and everybody had a good time. 3. A mission study class, in charge of From a psychological standpoint this the missionary society. campaign was correct in all its details. There was no attempt to make an im- 4. Three Sunday morning sermons and pression without a corresponding addresses-one by the pastor, one by opportunity for expression. At the a secretary, and one by a missionary. Christmas exercises of the Sunday- Dates for these to be January 25th, school there was an offering by classes April 26th, and October 25th. In envelopes previously distributed, which amounted to $3I. And the mis- 5. Two or three week-day programs in sionary from Ellis Island having stated charge of the women. A birthday that at Christmas time they usually party sugges,ted as one. Two mishave about 2,000 to feed, and that, sionary speakers suggested for the in addition to food, they try to give others. each one a little present, a large clothes-basket was placed in the Sun- 6. Ten five-minute missionary talks to day-school for two weeks, and the the Sunday-school, and ten missionary children were invited to bring gifts for offerings. the immigrants' Christmas. A number 7. Two missionary concerts, four illus- trated lectures, one missionary play.

S. Several missionary programs in the Young People's Society of Christian Endeavor.

9. Several missionary programs in the midweek service. To be in charge of committee appointed by church com- mittee. MISSIONARY AWAKENING IN SOUTH working in the Boer Church in South AFRICA-A CORRECTION Africa at the same time as in the camps, as is seen from the fact that I N our April number (p. 313), ap- the mission work went on developing peared a paragraph under the above during that time, and at the end of the heading in which reference was made war there were 22 missionaries of the to "the hostility of the Boers before Boer Church in their Nyasaland misand during the Boer war." Rev. A. sion-field alone, beside those in Rho- C. Murray, of Stellenbosch, South desia, Transvaal, and the Cape Prov- Africa, calls our attention to the fact ince. Mission interest has very much that this statement needs to be qualified. increased since the war, but this is There has, of course, always been due to the work of God's Spirit, many among the Boers who have no through the instrumentality of men like sympathy toward mISSIOn work. It Dr. Andrew Murray, Prof. Hofmeyer, is true that of both the Dutch-speaking Prof. Marais, and others, all of these Boers, and of the English farmers of men belonging fo the Boer Church. At South Africa, that they are doing very the present time the Boer churches of little to support Christian missions to the Cape Province, Orange Free the natives, and in countries like State, and Transvaal, support 120 Rhodesia they are for the most part foreign missionaries. Also about IOO enemies of missions. It is, however, home missionaries, who work among a mistake to say that when thousands the natives and colored people living of Boers were transported to India and among the whites. The real revival of Ceylon during the war, then English mission interest among the Boers beand American missionaries ministered to gan about twenty-five years ago. these prisoners, and as a result, several hundred Boers at once volunteered for W E often speak of ourselves as only missionary work among the natives in "instrMments in God's hands." It Africa. The fact is that these prison- is our privilege to think of ourselves, if ers were ministered to by Dutch Re- we are truly His servants, as agents. An formed ministers and missionaries from instrument is a dumb, senseless, lifeless South Africa. Some were sent there thing, which has no active, intelligent by the church, and some, who were power even to cooperate with him who captured on the field, while accompany- handles and uses it; but an agent is one ing the commandos as chaplains, were who acts, however, in behalf of, and sent as prisoners of war. It was these under control of, another, yet acting inmen who were used by God to bring telligently and individually. We are about the revival in the camps and to God's agents, and He worketh not only by stir up the great missionary enthusiasm. us, but in us, both to wiJI and to work. One of the camps where the enthusiasm (See Greek of Philippians, ii, 13.)- was greatest, was on the Island of St. A. T. P. Helena, where there were no English or American missionaries. God was

DLD-WIDE

DYNE S JAPAN-KOREA plied that he never saw his own name thus coupled with that of his Lord but A Special Call for Japan he felt himself most unworthy of that honor; but if his neighbors had seen T WENTY new missionary families anything in him to suggest that those in the next ten years are sought names should go together, he could by the American Board for evangelistic only rejoice, and thank God that he had work in Japan. This may seem like a been permitted to bear that testimony.- large demand, but it is not if the pro- Dr. H. B. Newell, M atsuyama. portionate share of the Congregational church in the forty-four millions un- Changes in the Korean Church evangelized Japanese is nine million. If these twenty families could possibly REV. w. A. NOBLE writes in The be available at once, and set free for Korea Mission Field, that there new work, there would still be but one are great changes transpiring in the family to a population 0 £ more than life of the Korean Church. The fact four hundred and fifty thousand. These that in many of the churches the conmen and women are needed to fill gregations reported are not as large depleted ranks in the centers of work as they were five years ago, has led to already occupied, as well as to open the impression that there has been a new and promising centers. To those falling off in church-membership. The who know the situation the number actual baptized membership is steadily sought. seems to be the minimum re- increasing, but there has been a falling quirement. off in the numbers of those enrolled as coming under church influence, as a The "Christian Traitor" result of evangelistic effort.

T HE church in Japan has many A Notable Japanese Woman splendid men and women whose faith and devotion and loyalty would AN interesting and efficient new advoplace them on a level with the like cate of Christianity who has just products of any land. Tsuchida, the arisen in Japan is Mrs. Hiraoka, a headman of his village and often elected member of one of the most famous to the local assembly of his Prefecture, Japanese families and a woman possest was SUbjected at one time to petty per- of great wealth in her own right. In secution on account of his faith, and the businesS' world she is known as the once openly attacked with violence, and president of a life insurance company finally his name was placarded on the in Osaka, and also is the chief owner fences and walk and telegraph poles ()f of an important bank. Mrs. Hiraoka the whole countryside as "traitor" be- began the study of Christianity five cause he had abandoned the ancestral years ago, and two years ago was suffifaith. "Tsuchida the Christian traitor" ciently convinced of its truth to accept was the formula. When asked how baptism. Since that time she has desuch advertising affected him, he re- veloped a very intense missionary zeal

and has now declared her intention of where no preaching has ever been devoting the remainder of her life to an effort to convince her countrymen heard. that Christianity is the saving power which Japan most needs. This deter- Buddhism in Japan mination has recently led her to defy oriental conventions by appearing as a BUDDHISM in Japan is not yet dead speaker in public meetings. Those who as is seen from the fact that the have heard her praise her remarkable "bearing, fluency, distinctness in speak- University of Tokyo celebrates annually ing, earnestness and thought." .In her first public address she devoted herself a service in which the spirits of de- to a closely constructed argument 'show- ing that the Japanese race are in spiri- ceased criminals and poor people are tual necessities no different from the other races of the world, and declared appeased through sacrifices. Is it then that a religion which has been found suited to the needs of other leading to be wondered at that the butchers of nations of the earth must be the . religion Japan needs. Tokio bring sacrifices once every year Korean Students Accepting Christ to the animals they have killed through T HE report of the Student Y.M.CA. the year? Secretary in Korea, Choi Sung The Baseler Missionsmagazin points Mo, contains the following paragraph: "From last June to April of this year out the fact that Buddhism has' very I have been able to lead 272 men to decide to accept Jesus Christ as their influential propagators. Bowe Magata, Savior. A number of these are in my Bible classes and seventy-six of them the former councillor of finances of the are now known to be in regular attend- ance at the church. It was my duty Korean Government, now has brought to deliver the gospel both in public and in private and to visit the sick, and to life a historic Buddhistic society, I have done what I could as the time permitted, and I trust that the work of asserting that Japan owes her present my Master has been promoted by my services." Mr. Choi Sung Mo leads grandeur to this religion above every- sixteen different Bible classes, two of which are composed entirely of stu- thing else, and that Korea flourished dents from non-Christian private schools, while two other number among their only so long as the Korean people enrolment some sixty government school students. allowed themselves to be led by Buddha.

One of the most interesting features Such movements to revive the old re- of the Student Young Men's Christian Association work in Korea is the send- ligion are a proof of the influence of ing forth of evangelistic groups which preach the gospel in the neighboring Christianity.-Unsere H eidenmission. villages and country districts ofter Modernizing Korea A DISPATCH from Seoul, reports that a new energy has sprung up in the "Land of the Morning Calm," since the arrival of the Japanese. The tourist may still see "the white-robed Korean gentleman, with his sparse black beard, his majestic walk and stove-pipe hat, moving picturesquely through the wide streets of Seoul, ceaselessly puff- ing his long bamboo pipe." But the general life of the city has lost much of its former langor and ease.

Japan is sending the young people to school and putting the older people to work. In this work the American mis- sionaries and the representatives of the Young Men's Christian Association have rendered great aid, credit for which is cheerfully rendered by the Japanese, who are pushing forward government industrial schools. All the American

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nl1sslOnaries are exerting themselves in The name of this gentleman is with·· the practical education of youth, in- held. At the present time he is in this cluding manual training, and this phase country holding an important position of their work is most satisfactory both under the Chinese Government. He to Koreans and Japanese, since it is a splendid type of a Chinese Chrispoints the way to industrial prosperity. tian gentleman, well-educated and able -Christian Observer. to speak three Chinese dialects as well as English fluently. When he was CHINA eight years of age in China his father Fruit of Mis~;onary Toil and mother became Christians. It is his expectation to return to China at T HE latest statistics of evangelical the close of his present government church membership in the Republic service, and to spend the remainder of China give 470,000. The churches of his life in preaching the Gospel are served by 546 ordained Chinese to his own people. As an instance of pastors and 5,364 unordained workers. faith in missionaries and their work, There are also 4,712 Chinese Christian as well as confidence in the Society, school teachers, 1,789 Bible women aud this act is worthy of special recognition. 496 native assistants in the hospitals. Chinese Christians' contributed last year TChineae Church and Status of Women $320,900 for Christian work. There are HE long motionless East, where 85,241 Chinese boys and girls in the women traditionally are neither primary and day schools of the Chris- heard nor seen, is now threatening to tian Church, and 31,384 students in the lead the van in according them equal intermediate high schools and colleges status with men in the deliberative and maintained by the evangelical church. administrative councils of the Church. The hospitals number 235, with 200 dis- At the first diocesan conference over pensaries. The patients treated last which Bishop Norris, the lately apyear totaled 1,322,802. pointed bishop of North China, pre- sided in Peking, a motion was on thl! Chinese Gifts to Missions agenda paper of which the object wa,,, to abolish all differences between the ABANKER in Peking, some seventy status of women and men in regard to years old, recently confest that he church work and administration. Bishop had been under conviction since the Scott was present, and he told an Boxer uprising, and that his increasing audience at one of the S. P. G. Anniyears and the advancing crisis in China versary meetings that he understood the led him to turn to Christ as the only proposal to mean that women were to hope for himself and for the nation. be eligible as members' of vestries, fer He found such peace that he has set the election of churchwardens, and the aside money sufficient (from his in- government of local churches, and he come) to support a preacher "fr0111 thought it might also cover diocesan now until the close of human history." conferences, and possibly, hereafter, tht' Another Chinese Christian has willed general synod of the Church of China. .all his property to the American Bap- Both the Chinese and English members tist Foreign Missionary Union with the of the conference seemed favorable to stipulation that after his death it is to the motion, and it was referred to the be used for the spread of the Gospel in general synod. What its fate there will China. He has notified his brother in be remains to be seen, but it is evident China to act as executor for his prop- that the Christian brethren in North erty in that country, to see that the provisions of his will are carried out.

China will not quarrel with the S. P. C. March 8th the following answer was for its new departure this year in in- received from the President's office: viting a woman missionary to speak at "In reply to your letter, which the its anniversary, nor will they even think President has read, he states that the the C. M. S. Committee is moving too worship of Confucius is an ancient fast. rite which has' been observed for many ages during China's history, and has Presbyterians .in China been handed down from ancient times. It has nothing to do with religion. T HE Presbyterian Church of Christ Catholics, Protestants, Mohammedans, in China is rapidly completing its and men of other religious faiths, will organization, and it is expected that find nothing to keep them from entera General Assembly will be definiteiy ing official life. If the district magisestablished within two or three years. trates, for any reason are not able, o~ In 1902 a committee representing seven do not wish to worship Confucius, the different societies met in Shanghai and ceremony may be conducted by some prepared a "Plan of Union," recom- one else. A copy of the Presidential mending the complete independence of order of March 7th is enclosed, which the Chinese Church, and requesting the it is hoped will be translated and inchurch courts to take the steps neces- serted in all the foreign newspapers, sary to unite in one organized church. so that false rumors and misunder- The next step was the formation of a standings may be corrected." Signed Council, which met in 1907, represent- by Secretary of the President. ing twelve organized and two unorganized presbyteries. This Council, 1 Roman Catholics in China meeting at Tsinanfu in May of this N China there are 1,430 European year, voted to ask the presbyteries· to and 700 Catholic priests. The numsend to a meeting to be held at ber of Chinese Roman Christians in Shanghai next year delegates who will 19IO was said to be 1,364,618, and the come prepared to make arrangements number of baptisms for that year was for a General Assembly. The churches 95,832. For 187,371 Chinese, or for represented in the Council are the 627 Chinese Christians, there is one Chinese, the English, the Scotch, the Catholic priest, while of 299 Chinese Irish, the Canadian, the Dutch Re- one belongs to the Roman Catholic formed, the Northern Presbyterian and Church.-Unsere H eidenmission. the Southern Presbyterian. The statistics issued following the annual Y. M. C. A. in Peking meeting show that the Council embraces over 60,000 adult Chinese church T HE P~ki.ng Young Men's Christi~n members. Christians in China crave ASSOCIation has a students' SOCial the prayers of the whole Church Universal for guidance in shaping the service club with more than ISO mem-, new General Assembly. bers. Six night schools are run, by President Yuan on Religious Liberty the students–four among servants, ~he ON March 5th the Secretary of the other two having boy pupils. A social International Reform Bureau sent a letter to the President explaining study of the ricksha coolie has been various views in the foreign press regarding the real attitude 'of the made.: a hand-bill in simple· words, Chinese .Government on religious liberty, and asked which was true. .On called "The Meaning of the Republic,"

has been distributed, and lectures on patdotism, hygiene, and other subjects have been given in four public lecture halls. .

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INDIA tribesmen into communities, where they Christian Ideals in India are settled under police surveillance IN the Blue Book) giving the report with a missionary in charge, in some of the 19II Census of India, re- cases. The missionaries are quick to cently published, the Census Commis- take the utmost advantage possible of sioner states that Christian thought in- these opportunities for reaching the fluences large numbers who remain children of such families, and through Hindus, and Christian ideals and stand- them the parents.

ards are everywhere gaining vogue. There are about 160 children out of The European reader of Indian news- nearly six hundred persons who have papers is frequently astonished at the been placed in the mission settlement qt writers' familiarity with the Bible, Kavali, for whom the orphanage there while no politician can fail to take note wishes to provide. It is a great prob- of the influence of Christian thought lem, greater than we in this country can on sociaLquestions, such as polygamy, understand, to reach the wild child-life child marriage, and the inequalities of of India and set these little feet in the the caste system. paths of knowledge and usefulness Of the effect of conversion on the and the true religion.

Indian Christians themselves, Mr. A Devotee Rolling 350 Miles Blunt (one of the Provincial Superin- tendents of the Census), writes: "THE other day," writes a Methodist "The missionaries all these years missionary from Basim, South In- have been providing the corpus sanum dia, "I saw a Hindu rolling along in (if one thing is noticeable about Indian the road. I stopt him and asked him Christians it is their greater cleanliness where he was going. in dress and habits), and now they "He replied that his home was in are being rewarded by the appearance Amratsi, a hundred miles away, that of the mens sana. he 'expected to travel as tar as Pan- If the missionaries could and can dharpur, making a total distance f)f get little out of the first generation, the three hundred and fifty miles, and that second generation is in their hands after he had reached Pandharpur he from their earliest years. The children knew God would bless him and forgive of the converts born in Christianity are his sins. very different from their parents; their grandchildren will be better still." "I told him that this self-torture was quite unnecessary; that God had sent His Son into the world for the sake of Saving the Children of Robbers saving all mankind from their sins.

A REMARKABLE work has been "But the poor fellow shook his head, committed to some of the mission- 'refusing to believe me. 'I must keep "

aries in South India in order to pro- '.on,' he said. 'There is nothing else tect the country from the increase of 'for me to do.' And away he rolled>'

the criminal tribe known as the Donga "Watchful Waiting" in India Erukalas, or "Red Thieves," or "For- T tune-Tellers." The children of this HE Mohammedan contractor, an intelligent Indian, who built the . tribe are taught their parents' trade from infancy, and it is required of church and missi~n-house for Metho- them that they prove their skill in steal- dist missionary W. P. Byers, at Asan- ing before they can marry. . sol, Bengal, about 25 years ago, said The British Government is trying the to him at the time, "Sahib (sir), you policy of rounding up the offending will never win anyone to Christ in

this place. We all have" our own ployment. The new loom will not only religions." Mr. Byers quietly told him give far more profitable work to to wait and see. Several years later weavers, but it will employ large nUlll- the contractor came along at the hour bers of carpenters, smiths, and me- of service and was greatly astonished chanics in its manufacture. The Dec- when he saw the church filled with can Institute trains these artizans. people. "Vho are all these?" he. asked. "Christians,". replied Mr. Byers. "Is Feet-Washing in India it possible? It is really wonderful! I didn't think you could make any con- A BRAHMAN visiting a missionary verts in this region." in India saw a picture on the wall Open School Doors of Christ washing the disciples' feet. The Brahman said : "You Christians T HE educated youth of India pay pretend to be like JesuS' Christ, but you great attention to Chri5tianity. A are not; none of you ever wash people's short time ago the most important feet." The missionary said, "But that stations of the Basel Mission were is just what we are doing all the time! visited by Inspectors Dipper and Miller. You Brahmans say you sprang from The school in Kalikut was also exam- the head of your god Brahm; that the ined. The report said: "Six hundred next caste lower sprang from his young men, pupils of the high-school, shoulders; the next lower from his mostly heathen, filled the room. One loins, and that the low caste sprang should have seen the shining eyes of from his feet. Weare washing India's the Hindus and observed the attention feet, and when you proud Brahmans with which they listened when the see the low caste and the outcaste get- Director of the school in his words of ting educated and Christianized – greeting, said that Jesus is the crown washed, clean, beautiful, and holy inof all wisdom and knowledge. The side and outside-you Brahmans and all educated Hindu seems just now to be India will say, 'Lord, not my feet only, very accessible to Christianity, and but also my hands and my head.' " Mission schools should take advantage of ·that fact.-Unsere Heidenmission. Humanitarianism Among Hindus The Loom as a Missionary Agency IT has often been pointed out that MR. C. D. CHURCHILL,. of the the by-products of Christian mis- . American Deccan Instltute-a sions are sometimes as striking as their Christian industrial school in India on direct results. The following extract Hampton lines-has been experimenting from Christian Work is a fresh illusfor eleven years on an improved hand tration of this: "The reaction of Chrisloom for the use of the mass~S' of India. tian civilization on Hindu life has The Government has subsidized his in- stimulated the development of various vention to the extent of about $9,000. humanitarian enterprises among edu- This loom now produces in the hands cated Hindus. Thus Seva Sedan, or of one of his school boys, in less than Sisters of Indian Society, founded in eight hours', forty yards of "dongre" Bombay in 1908, seeks t.o train Indian -coarse cotton cloth, suitable for women for educational, medical and towelling. An expert produces far social-philanthropic work. This' society more. Hand weaving is increasing, has put out small branches in Poona rather than diminishing, in India. Next and Ahmedabad and expends some to agriculture it is the chief Indian em- 20,000 rupees for its ends. The Society of the Servants of India has similar purposes in view for the men of India.

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Its leader is Mr. Gokhale, a Brahmin their losses in numbers and in propof high culture, distinguished as a erty, and to-day their friends are aspublicist, member of the 'vice-regal tonished to see them negotiating with council. Mr. Gokhale is an agnostic the Turks concerning national quesand a strong prohibitionist who works tions on a basis of something like to sweep out of India the cankerous equality. Armenians now have their drink customs which have come in with votes for members of Parliament under the British rule. the constitution of the empire. Their young men do military service as do MOSLEM LANDS treir Mohammedan neighbors, and serious as it is to be a soldier in the American Ambassador Inspecting Turkish army in these years of war, Missions when Armenians have borne their share of soldier service for a term of IT is long since an American am- years massacre and pillage will be ren- bassador to Turkey has shown suffi- dered impossible. Armenians have their cient interest in the missionary work representatives in the cabinet, the di'pbeing done by Americans in the Near lomatic body, and the civil service. East to visit the various mission stations, and the broadmindedness of the Best of all, the Armenians have been present ambassador, Mr. Henry Mor- quietly multiplying and improving their genthau, in making such a six-weeks' schools. The Ottoman State practically tour of inspection is especially striking. fosters only Moslem schools, but there His visit to the Syrian Protestant Col- are computed to be more Christian lege in Beirut, accompanied by mem- schools' and scholars than Moslem in bers of his family, Mr. Peet, the the empire. Christians must pay their treasurer of the American Board mis- share of the taxes, and support their sions in Turkey, and Mr. Schmavonian, own schools 111 addition.-Congregalegal adviser to the embassy in Con- tionalist. stantinople, was made a great occasion by faculty and students. A reception New Work in Turkestan was also given him by Khalil Effendi Sarkis on behalf of the Protestants of T HE Russian Church has recently Beirut. Two meetings were held at taken up work for the Moslems in the college, at both of which Mr. Turkestan. The Government is dis- Morgenthau spoke, the second time his pleased at this, but can not interfere subject being "True Manhood." His as the Holy Synod is all powerful. visit to Beirut coincided with that of The Greek Church missionary is a Mrs. Kennedy and her party, to whose converted Tartar from Siberia, and trip around the world reference was has written a clever attack on Islam. made in the June REVIEW. The British and Foreign Bible Society has also opened a Bible agency in New Status of Armenians Taschkend, Turkestan, and several col- porteurs have received permission to ONE of the most striking results of work among Moslems. American missionary effort is the A Social Survey of Jerusalem changed posItion of the Armenian race in the Turkish Empire. A generation RABBI STEPHEN S. WISE, of the ago, the Armenians were virtually Free Synagog in New York, has slaves, and it was only in 1895 that the heart-breaking period of massacres and been planning for several years a study pillage occurred. of social and industrial conditions among the Jews of Palestine, and with Now the Armenians have made good

the cooperation of Ambassador Mor- made the pilgrimage to Mecca, but genthau, Adolph Lewisohn and Nathan subsequently had, in all probability, Straus, the plans have culminated in fallen in with a missionary. After a the appointment of a commission or time he was arrested and since it was three members, each an expert in his thought that if he were exiled, he would own field, to undertake the work of only spread the heresy elsewhere, he making "an intensive social survey of was sentenced to death. His body Jewish conditions within and without was pierced through with a sharp Jerusalem." The work is to be begun stick and he was left on a tree to die. in the early fall, and when the investi- His disciples fled further east and, gators return to America a report of tho not attaining to any positive faith, their findings will bc published. continued to uphold the doctrine of According to The Survey magazine, the Koran's worthlessness. A few this survey of the old Jerusalem by years ago, Dr. Barjary, of the C. M. the Jews of the new world gives the S., visited them, but found no response social survey its first international and among them. Last year, however, a perhaps most conspicuous venture. man came into Zaria, to Dr. Miller, and asked for teaching. By some mis- AFRICA unden,tanding he was sent to a school to learn reading. This did not satisfy Vastness of this Continent him, and he left, only to return later with another, saying that what they O AN CRAWFORD says, in The wanted was not learning, but religion. Record of Christian Work: "Africa They then opened up their hearts and is far, far bigger than you think. Give told how they and many others of their me the whole of India, and in it goes. people had been waiting for the Word N ow, the whole of China, and in that of God. This naturally interested Dr. goes too. Plus India and China, give Miller intensely and he has sent out me Australia, and in the' three go Christian young men to their parts. easily. And still Africa, my Africa, They have chosen a central town and like Oliver Twist, asks for more. So for twenty miles around these antiwe will put in Europe. In it all goes, Mohammedan Protestants gather each and even' then I have what I believe Sunday for instruction in Christianity. the Vanderbilts call marginal millions. And yet you hear people speaking as An Eye to Business if when you were in Central Africa you could live the life of a sort of "OLD customs die hard in Africa," week-ender, and just run out to see writes a' missionary teacher in your friends the Joneses or the Robin-' sons." our Methodist School at Quessua, Angola. "A man came to us last year Successful Work Among Moslems and brought two of his daughters. This spring he brought two more. He MISS CLARK of the Sudan In- seemed very happy to place them in terior Mission tells a remarkable our care, and I was touched by his story of a spontaneous movement among fatherly interest in just girls. So I certain Mohammedans of the Sudan. asked him his motive in bringing them Some forty-five years ago a M aUam to us. He told me quite frankly that came from the East to Zaria (Nigeria) his brother's. daughter had been a and began preaching that Mohammed student in our school, and that when was not a prophet of God and that she went home she could read books, the Koran was a lying bOf)k. He had write letters, and sew, and that the

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man who married her gave her father AMERICA-NORTH twenty-four dollars more than the TJohn R. Mott to Visit the Near East usual gift for a wife. 'Now,' he con- HE conferences which Dr. Mott, cluded, 'if you will whip my daughters as Chairman of the Edinburgh and teach them everything until they Continuation Committee, has held with grow up, I will be worth more than missionary workers in India, China, my brother.' So, as it appeared, he Korea and Japan during the last two had at least a business interest in our years have been recognized as perhaps school." the most epoch-making series of events in recent missionary history. Dr. Matt Hunger in North Transvaal started to the Orient at the close of FOR some time the missionaries in the meeting of the Continuation Com- Wendalande, North Transvaal, have mittee at Lake Mohonk in I912. Next reported a hunger for the Vord of September, the Continuation Committee God, such as has never before been plans to meet in England, and from heard of. The demand for Christian there Mr. Matt will immediately set literature is still great. The new book forth to a series of conferences in the in which the Gospels' and Epistles for near east. Algiers, Cairo, Beirut and the different Sundays are gathered, in Constantinople will be the main points the Venda language, is received with visited, and to each place a group of great joy, and the new revision of 75 to 100 missionary workers of all the Greater Catechism undertaken by denominations will be drawn to take Missionary Schwellnus, is looked for counsel on the big current questions of with great anticipation.-Der Missions mission policy. On this tour, as' on Freund. the tour of the further orient, Dr. Mott will take time for evangelistic Bible in Peculiar Form meetings with the students of both missionary and government colleges.

W HAT is, perhaps, the most extra- T Mr•. Jesup'. Gifts ordinary form in which the Bible HE bequests made to religious and has ever been offered is that edition of the Scriptures in the language of scientific agencies in the will of Uganda. The volume is of great Mrs. Morris K. Jesup are impressive length, but only three inches in thick- in number and variety. It would re- ness and the same in width. A pecu- quire no inconsiderable amount of re- liar reason occasioned the adoption of flection and conference to disperse so this form. In Central Africa, the large sums in a way that would be white ants and other insects r~pidly assuring and satisfying. Such a dis- destroy books unless they are well pro- tribution as was made by her is a tected. The representatives of the tribute to the wisdom no less than the Church Missionary Society, according- humaneness of the testator. She gave ly, recommended to the Bible Society $8,450,000 to 40 or more public insti- that it should issue this edition in a tutions. The largest bequest amounted form that would fit into the tin biscuit to $5,000,000 and was made to the boxes of a certain firm that is popular American Museum of National History, in Uganda families. This was' done, of which her deceased husband had and the ant-proof tin box is just large been for 26 years president. Among enough to hold this Bible, a small other gifts were these: Syrian Protes- Bible history, a hymnal and a prayer tant College, $400,000; Yale University, book. $300,000; Union Theological Seminary,

$300,000 ; Young Men's Christian As- as many as possible." With this decsociation, $25°,000; American S. S. laration of a life purpose Mr. William Union, $15°,000; New York City Mis- H. West began his work in Dover sion and Tract Society, $15°,000; Wo- Street, Boston, nearly twenty-five years men's New York City Mission and ago, and the Mission ever since has Tract Society, $100,000; Presbyterian been seeking to res'cue lost men and Home Missions, $15°,000; Presbyterian women and to reconstruct broken lives. Foreign Missions, $15°,000; New York From the report of the present super- State Woman's Hospital, $150,000 ; intendent, Mr. P. E. Call, we quote the Williams College, $15°,000; Presby- following: "The total attendance was terian Board of Relief for Ministers, nearly 40,000, with the Hall well filled $100,000; International Young Men's nightly, and we have been obliged to Christian Association, $100,000. turn people away for lack of room. The free Sunday morning breakfast Nine Hundred Pages of Charities for men draws double the number that the Hall will accommodate, and many I T requires a book of 900 pages to a half-starved man has come in here tell even in briefest outline of the and gone out again with the deter- 3,700 charitable and religious organiza- mination to s'erve Jesus Christ. tions in New York City, listed in the Charities Directory of 1914. Of these Every morning at 10.30 a prayer organizations about one-half are church- meeting is held, and the converts are es. Six thousand persons are en- helped to study the Word, for no gaged in a great variety of social ser- Christian can grow unless he feeds vice work in the city. The secretary upon the Bible and constantly keeps of the New York State Board of III touch with God through prayer." Charities has estimated that $30,000,- 000 is given annually in New York The Southern General Assembly's City for various forms of relief. Yes, there is much to be done at home. As T "Missionary Declaration" a rule it is being well and generously HE Kansas City General Assembly done. For the most part it is being gave earnest and careful consideradone by the very people who are giving tion to the claims and needs of Foreign most and thinking and praying most Missionary work. In addition to refor the building up of the Kingdom affirming the historic deliverance of the of God abroad. Rarely can a man or first Assembly of the Southern Church woman be found ready to give time in regard to Foreign Missions, it laid and self and money to the meeting large emphasis upon the "Missionary of home needs, whose vision is not Platform" adopted by the Assembly at wide enough and whose love is not Birmingham in 19°7, and pronounced, big enough to take in the needs of in no uncertain terms, that if the the world. The man with the world progress which the Church has made vision and the world heart is the most is to continue, there must be a very. generous helper and the most earnest large increase in offerings for Foreign worker at home, Mission work. According to this Plat- form the Church, covenanted with God The Union Rescue Mission of Boston and the other Christian denominations to evangelize 25,000,000 people' in "I PROPOSE to place myself directly seven foreign countries, as the rightful share of the non-Christian world, and across the stream of humanity that called for an offering of $1,000,000 per is flowing downward, and from the year as the necessary means of accomgreat submerged class reach and save

WORLD-WIDE MISSIONARY

plishing this sacred task. The As- thousand dollars, and last year nearly sembly further declared its belief that 70 times that sum. The society has to assume "a definite obligation for 400 mission stations and out-stations in some definite part of our Foreign Mis- I6 foreign lands, and the accessions by sion work" is the best means to over- baptism show an increase of IS per take the missionary task. cent. in the past year. The contribu- tions of the native Christians show an Steel Works and a Mission increase of 20 per cent. The value of property reported on the foreign field W HAT William Penn would have has increased $50,000. One of the characterized as a "holy experi- fields where there has been marked ment," has been working out for the progress is the West China mission. past year at Coatesville, Pennsylvania, Many widle evangelistic circuits have the town of iron and steel, under the been made, and several large cities auspices. of the Lukens Iron and Steel along the Tibetan border are under Company, whose officers, Mr. Charles cons-ideration for the opening of new L. Huston and others, are active Chris- stations. Dr. A. B. Simpson, the Presitian men. dent of the Alliance in his annual address, characterized the organization In July, I9I2, when there was scar- as an evangelical, evangelistic, spiricity of unskilled laborers, employment tual, interdenominational and inter· in the works was offered to the men national movement, which has been from the Inasmuch Mission of Phila- remarkable for the pioneer work that delphia. Twenty-four responded to the it has done. first invitation, and since then hundreds from two rescue missions have found Successful Work Among Canadian Jews their way to Coatesville to work in the Lukens mills. A special boarding house T HE Christian Synagog in Toronto has been provided for them, where they was dedicated in June, I9I3, and could be looked after and cared for in shortly 'afterward the first Presbya sympathetic atmosphere. terian Hebrew church in Canada, and indeed in the world, was organized. As the new arrivals come in from There has been a total attendance at time to time, some who. have been there the Saturday and Sunday evening serlong enough to become strong, vacate vices throughoilt the year of nearly their rooms and find homes elsewhere. 5,000: But it has also been the aim of those in charge to touch the life Sunday-schools' for the negro resi- of the people in all its phases, and to dents of Coatesville and for the hun- this end various agencies, such as dreds of immigrants employed in the night schools for men and women, mills are conducted by the officers of sewing, music, and physical culture the Lukens company, with the active classes, a day nursery and a free disassistance of the Philadelphia mission pensary, have been employed. The men. It is said that there is' no "labor Synagog is open every day from problem" at Coatesville. eight in the morning until after nine at night, and the missionary is acces- Christian Alliance Progress sible at all times. Of one result of the work, the Superintendent, Rev. S. T HE Christian and Missionary Alli- B. Rohold, writes in his annual report: ance has this year celebrated the "We can claim, by the mercy of God, quarter-centennial of its founding, and that we have created an appetite at the Annual Council meeting this spring some noteworthy facts were brought out. The income of the society for its first year was five

among the Jews for reading the Word tivities. He has inaugurated a camof God. Besides the thousands uf paign against tuberculosis, the great tracts and the Bibles and New Testa- scourge of the Indians. He has estabments that have been distributed freely lished schools for Indian chiI'dren and by the different workers of the Mis- started reading-rooms which are greatly sion, we have had the privilege of appreciated by the Government. Dr. selling Scriptures to the value of Stringer has passed through many $539.80." hardships, and his' eldest child was the first white child born so far north. Religious Census of Canada T HE official religious census of Results of a Mexican Bible-Class Canada for the year 1911 has been issued. The population of the Domin- B IBLE study that leads to a true ion in June of that year was 7,206,643. spirit of service demonstrates its Seventy-five separate religious beliefs genuineness. Some time ago a group were specified. The number of persons of students in the Mexico City Young returned as of "No Religion" is 32,490. Men's Christian Association were in- The Roman Catholic figure is 2,833,- duced to join a Bible class, studying 041, more than one-third of the total Stalker's "Life of Christ." The result population-a fact attributed to the of their study was a voluntary decisiol1 great preponderance of Canadians of of the class to celebrate in a fitting French extraction in the Province of way the close of the course. This they Quebec. The second strongest body did by organizing a "Fiesta de Cariare the Presbyterians, numbering l,rrs,- dad" (a dinner and a party) for the 324. Then come' the Methodists, num- general help of the Association, made bering 1,079,892; the Anglicans, 1,043- up from the working people. They 017; the Baptists, 382,666; the Luther- raised the money for the dinner among ans, 229,864; the Greek Church, 88,s07; themselves, purchased presents for the while the Jews number 74,S64, as com- most worthy employees, and thenpared with 16,401 in 190I. The Men- unh'eard-of thing-actually aided 111 nonites are credited with 44,6rr ad- serving the dinner themselves! Only herents; the Salvation Army with those familiar with social conditions 18,834; Buddhists, 10,012; Sikhs and and with the caste spirit that obtains Hindus, 1,758 ; Mohammedans, 797; in some parts of Latin America, can Spiritualists, 674; and "Socialists," 206. appreciate what this incident meant.

ISLAND WORLD The Church Farthest North Filipino Chapel at Campus Gate ONE of the most interesting chapters T HE agricultural school of the in recent church history is the American Government as developed founding of the Anglican missionary at Los Banos, southwest of Manila, church on the Yukon. The present offers a fine field' for the student pastor bishop of Yukon, Dr. Isaac O. Stringer, whom it is hoped to establish there. has a "parish" which extends to 200,000 Here come young men of all the tribes square miles, and he has already given inhabiting the Philippines to study nearly ten years to this arduous work. modern scientific agriculture under aus- He has not merely the care of all the pices which open their minds to all churches, with a working staff of eight the new ideals of the twentieth century. clergy, six lay readers, several teachers, To implant the conceptions of an and four Indian catechizers, but is also evangelical Gospel in their thought at engaged in a multiplicity of public ac- this impressionable period is Christian

WORLD-WIDE MISSIONARY

strategy of the highest significance. other parts of Ambrim to expostUlate Rev. Chas. R. Hamilton is hoping to with the chief. He was examined pubobtain, before his return to the Philip- licly as to his conversion, and scoffed pines from his present furlough, a at when he said he was going to trust donation of $5,000 which wiIl provide in JesuS'. Amid all the persecution, a chapel close to the entrance of the however, he has stood firm. campus of the agricultural schoo!. EUROPE-GREAT BRITAIN A preaching place is necessary first of all because the strict rules of the Salvation Army Congress Government will not permit the use of any building on the campus for this T HE second International Congress purpose. But the authorities of the of the Salvation Army was held institution are thoroughly in sympathy in 1904. The third, which assembled with religious work of this sort, and in London in June of this year, waS' will undoubtedly lend encouragement the most striking demonstration which to a Presbyterian missionary stationed has ever been made, of the worldthere. The Roman Catholics are erect- wide character of the movement, as ing a chapel in the same advantageous well of the numbers enrolled.. To-day neighborhood, and will undoubtedly the organization speaks in twenty-five place in control there one of their languages to the poor and the outcast most capable priests.-The Continent. of fifty-eight countries and colonies. Nearly 9,500 corps and outposts are A Chief's Conversion located throughout the world. Its con- stituency is numbered by the million. T HE folJowing is from the pen of Rev. Maurice Frazer, of the New Almost the entire Salvation Army Hebrides Mission: "At first, when field was represented at the Congress. Joseph, the teacher, began work at Asi, The delegates contributed largely to the old men clung to their heathen the entertainment at the meetings by ceremonies and would not attend doing things quite ordinary to them, Christian worship. But, lately, the but extremely novel to their. audiences. leading chief of Asi has severed his a party of converted Zulus, for examconnection with heathenism, and is ple, giving a war-dance. Some of giving Joseph alJ poss'ible assistance in these delegations prostrated themselves the conduct of Christian worship. His before General Booth, as the custom conversion was the signal for a fresh is in their countries when approaching outburst of rage and mischief on the greatness. The Salvation Army Interpart of the Samio people against the national Hall on the _Strand was dediworshiping people of Asi. The 'sacred' cated on Friday afternoon, June 12th, men of Samio were greatly upset, and the second day of the Congress, with they created a great commotion in the a "Concourse of Nations." district. They had quietly acquiesced in the young men and women of Asi Field-Marshals on Fol'eign Missions leaving heathenism and joining the Worship-that step they regarded as inevit- T HREE distinguished Field-Marable. But the idea of a 'sacred' man shals, Lord Roberts, Grenfell, and going over to the Worship was abhor- Methuen, have addrest a letter to rent, and they visited him time and army officers, saying: "You will most again to endeavor to get him back to certainly come into contact with the heathenism. Failing in their enter- representatives of various Christian prise, they brought 'sacred' mlln from missionary societies whose special work it is to show to non-Christian peoples the loye gf the Christ whom

we profess to serve. We commend women trained in the Tiibingen Instithese missionaries to you as a body of tute were in the foreign field. The men and women who are working characteristic thoroughness of the helpfully with the Government, and German is shown in the training recontributing to the elevation of the quired for mission doctors and nurses, people in a way impossible to official and is always justified in practise. action. Some object to Christian missions in ignorance of their real value. Philanthropic Work in St. Petersburg We would suggest that you will use all opportunities of making yourself pASTOR FETLER, the Baptist personally acquainted with the work preacher in St. Petersburg, is makthey are doing, and the character of the converts. Most missions will bear ing many friends also by his philanlooking into, and we are convinced that thropic activities. During the winter he if you will do this you will never had under his care between 40 and So afterward condemn or belittle them." former drunkards and outcasts who had been influenced by his preaching. His THE CONTINENT own people subscribed for the mainten- ance of the men, and gave clothes for Professor of Missions them, while they themselves did any work that could be found for them. As T HE German Colonial Institute, at a result Mr. Fetler has received expres- Hamburg, created a professorship sions of sympathy from some of the of the science of foreign missions, and Government officials. Gospel and philpresented the chi<lir to Pastor M. anthropic workers have gladly asso· Schlunk, the director of the North ciated themselves with the movement German Missionary Society. Professor arising out of the manifesto by the Schlunk is an esteemed expert in the Czar against drink. Thus their efforts educational foreign mission work, and for the uplifting of the fallen and the the author of valuable books. The degraded are becoming recognized in institute is a training-school for army, this way. navy and civil officers, planters and merchants going to the colonies. Pastor A Chair for Missions at the University Meinhof, the famous "explorer" of of Berlin African languages, IS one of the professors. FOR a long time mission friends have hopefully looked for a chair for German Medical Missions missions at the University of Berlin. In Halle Dr. Warneck was called to FOURTEEN medical missionary as- lecture on missions. In Leipzig Pro- sociations in Germany and Swit- fessor Dr. Paul, Director of the Leipzerland are represented in the German zig Mission, was called to lecture there Medical Missionary Year-Book for on that subject. In Berlin several 1914. The center of thes'e various as- Dozents occasionally held lectures on sociations is the Medical Missionary mISSIOns. Now, through the represen- Institute in the University of Tiibingen, tations of the theological faculty, Dr. which provides for the full or partial Julius Richter, the wel1-known editor training of doctors, for the prepara- of the Allgemeine Missionszeits.chrift, tion of nurses and midwives for ser- and of the Evangelische Missionen, has vice on mission fields, and for hospital been appointed extraordinary professor work in the recognition and treatment to lecture exclusively on mISSIOns. of tropical diseases. At the opening This event is especially important for of this year Germany had 22 medical the evangelical missionary world.-Der missionaries in active service, and 36 Christliche Apologete.

WORLD-WIDE MISSIONARY

Student Work in Bohemia tion of that district, estimated at T HE winter semester of 1913-1914 50,000, is fleeing to Berat and Avlona. saw most encouraging develop- To meet this great emergency will you ments in Bohemia. An effort made not help all you can through W. W. in December to establish a permanent Peet, Bible House, Constantinople. treasury with funds for a forward Whatever the outcome of all this movement met with good success. The struggle, the survivors will need arrival of the new secretary and his Christian help in this the hour of their wife gave the Committee confidence, dire calamity. Continue to pray for and after a search, suitable quarters for Albania and the Albanians."

a foyer were found in the heart of MISCELLANEOUS the city of Prague. These became available at the middle of February, Minions Forging to the Front and on the Universal Day of Prayer were opened amid scenes of great O UT of IIS theQlogical schools inenthusiasm. The power of the Spirit vestigated by the Edinburgh Miswas' manifest in many ways, and the sionary Conference, 58 included misprayers of friends all over the world sionS' in their curriculum, II of them were abundantly answered. Two things being elective only. Thirty-eight of are needed now, wisdom to use the these seminaries had no instruction in foyer to the full and. in the best way, "missions at all. It is hard to underas a meeting-place for students, and stand in this day how any school for courage to face the problems of fi- the training of the ministry can surnance and administration which are in- vive without courseS' in missions and the Sunday-school.

volved in all such beginnings. "We Minion Among Lepers have many friendS' and we hope, no T enemies, but our task is great and we HERE is no more noble work in the world than mission work need the prayers of Federation work- ers, especially in this coming year," among the many lepers in the East.

writes Mr. Rose. The lepers are outcasts from their own people, and what missionaries do for Suffering in Albania them is the only bright spot in their lives'. The story of this line of mission REV. PHINEAS B. KENNEDY, of work is most pathetic. Dr. John Jack~ the American Board writes from son, secretary of one of the principal Durazzo, on July lIth: "Albania is at missions among lepers in the East.

the mercy of her enemies' from within writes as follows in the Sunday-school and without. This city is still be- Times.: "India has at least 200,000 sieged by the insurgents, but is well lepers. Vast numbers of them are defended. The suffering back in the hopeless outcasts, regarded "as under the country is very great but at present very curse of their gods, refused shelter the roads are closed to the interior. by their own kindred, and driven out With such funds as we have in hand to die as homeless wanderers. Stricken we are doing relief work in Durazzo by a disease that is loathsome, conta- and Avlona. News' just received from gious, and incurable, they are surely of Kortcha states that it l}ad been at- all men most miserable.

tacked on three sides by the Insurgents, "China has unnumbered thousands of the Greek regular army, and the 'Epi- these hopelesS' sufferers. I found in rates.' After a two-days'- struggle one village alone, outside the city of the city yielded. The entire popula- Canton, s"even or eight hundred lepers

herded together in dark, dismal houses and athlete before he decided to enter unfit for human habitation. The authori- the Church, he brought an unusual ties informed me that they estimated combination of qualities to his chosen the number of lepers in their own prov- life-work, and when, after several ince of Kwang~tung, at not less than years of service in the home church, r 5,000. Other provinces of Southern he offered himself for the foreign China are known to be terribly affected, work, he was recognized as a man of while leprosy is quite common as far exceptional power. After twenty-one north as Hankow. years of effective service, he was re- tired for reasons of health in 19I1, and "A recent letter from Korea says since that time has been one of the that there are probably 30,000 lepers in canons of Durham Cathedra). One of that country, of whom the greater the most dramatic episodes in his mis- maj ority are homeless outcasts. sionary career occurred in r892, when Bishop Tucker had the bones of the "In Tokyo, I was informed by the martyr Bishop Hannington exhumed and head of the Japanese medical depart- given Christian burial outside the great ment, that they had official knowledge thatched church of St. Paul on Namir- of at least 40,000 families in Japan in embe Hill, Uganda, and the slayer of which leprosy was known to exist. Ex- Bishop Hannington, King M'wanga, perience has shown that it is safe to was present as a member of the Chris~ mUltiply: the acknowledged numbers by tian congregation. two or three figures in order to get at the actual total. It will thus be seen Missionaries Drowned in India that if we confine our views to the great lands of the Orient we are con- MR. WILBUR SMITH, of Poona, fronted with an appalling mass of writes that Dr. Peter Baillie and J. hopeless suffering among the lepers of the twentieth century." H. Diack, Esq., of the United Free Church of Scotland Mission, were Notice-Medical Missionaries drowned at Mahableshwar on May 16th. They had been attending the T WO hundred missionaries from Language School of the. Western India Missionary Association for several · home and foreign fields are ex- weeks, and were out for an afternoon's pected to attend the Sixth Annual tramp with the other members of the Medical Missionary Conference to be school. In the afternoon they left the held at Battle Creek, Michigan, N o~ rest of the party in order to take a vember 17-20, 1914. Bishop E. R. plunge in a small pool in the vicinity, Hendrix of Kansas City will preside. where their bodies were later found. A splendid program of much interest It was evident that Mr. Diack had is being arranged. gone to Dr. Baillie's help when the latter found himself in difficulty, and, OBITUARY in seeking to save his friend, lost his own life. Dr. Baillie came to India A Bishop Tucker of Uganda but a few months ago, and was soon NOTHER great name, worthy to to proced to his station at Jalna in the stand with those of Hannington, Nizam's Dominions. Mr. Diack, also, Pilkington and Mackay, has been added but recently came out. He had been ·to the roll of the heroes of Uganda, on the faculty of Wilson College ill in the death of Bishop Tucker, who Bombay, . where he was much' loved · went out in 1890 as Bishop of Eastern and respected. Equatorial Africa. That vast territory has since been divided into three dio- cases, of which U~anda is Olle. Artist

w· · · · ·J II IONS /0….]…./…'!I

'; BOOKS ON MI AND .. ….~.. . ……././ MISSION LANDS . – ".,..l …………………

1'1.

By Nippon's Lotus Ponds. Pen Pictures despair as to ultimate results of work of Real Japan. By Matthias Klein, for- done there in the name of Him the merly Missionary and Government latchet of whose shoe Buddha is un- worthy to unloose. • Teacher in Japan. Illustrated. 12mo, cloth. $1.00, net. Fleming H. Revell The Christian Movement in Japan. 1914. Co., New York, 1914. Tenth annual volume. Edited by John L. Dearing. Maps. 8vo. 668 pp. These are pictures of life in the $1.25. Published in Japan. For sale interior and country districts of Japan. by the Missionary Education Moveuntouched by the average tourist. To ment, New York. the leader of a study class the book is valuable, for instance in the pre- This is an invaluable compendium paration of a monolog and for the of up-to-date information concerning clear arrangement of contents. It also Japan, including also Korea and Forwakens new sympathy for Japan's hard- mosa. Missionaries, editors and others working people. One might criticize interested in things J apallese can the reiteration of the adjective "little" scarcely afford to be without such a as in "little men," "little carpenters," handbook. This year among the "little sailors," etc., and it gives prob- special features are the symposium on ably unintentionally, a bit of patron- Hostel Work, the article on Social izing touch somewhat out of taste. Conditions, on Kindergartens and on The chapters on Fishers and Fisher- the Continuation Committee Conference men, on Flowers and Forests are note- in Japan. Korea is given a prominent worthy. The account of the school- place, and separate statistics for all girls on a holiday trip to some of lands are the most complete and re- Japan's Meccas, with their welcome to liable obtainable. These statistics (for a monstrous big pot of "honorable Protestants) show 46 missions in Japan tea," is charming. The contrast be- with 624 mIsSIonaries and 102,790 tween the funeral customs, so crude, church-members. In' Korea there are so painfully material, and the later I3 missionary agencies with 480 misfestivals for the departed spirits IS sionaries and 72,203 communicant' striking. The floating lanterns on the church-members. waves, the lighted tapers, the tinkling bells, the cedar. boughs and the white Herbert Stanley Jenkins, M.D., F.R.G.S., and gold lillies, the water poured 011 Medical Missionary in Shensi. By the ground to slake the thirst of those Richard Glover. D.D. Map, frontisdeparted, combine ill one more appeal piece. l2mo. 154 pp. 2s., net. The for the true light and rebuke the Carey Press, London, 1914. morbid grief with its indulged expres· sions, of Christians at home. The .Nowhere in the Oriental world has book is a help in adjustment to that the medical missionary found a larger, golden mean between exaggerated, un- more fruitful sphere of service than in~l1igent admiration for' all things in China. He has been the dissipator oriental and the deplorable extreme of of prejudice, the road-breaker, the foundation-layer, in many a city and in many a human heart. The' iin7

measurable need and opportunity of cated to Syria, this biography of a China have drawn to it some of the twiceborn Syrian is, as Dr. Stanley choicest spirits, men and women im- il,Thite says in his foreword "a tonic to bued with the spirit of the great Phy- one's jaded spirit" and "an apologetic sician, men like Noyes of Canton, for the inspiration of the Scripture David Grant of Chinchew, Mackenzie that can not be answered." The de- of Tientsin, Jackson of Mukden, and liberateness of Habeeb's conversion by women equally lofty-souled. "They means of the Bible alone, the exchange had learned that the 'candle of truth' of the old sword-after a forty mile needs a 'candlestick of mercy,' and that walk-for the Sword of the Spirit, how of all forms of mercy, medical mercy that Sword served in the varied perse- is the one most needed and least cutions following, the dramatic scene likely to be abused in heathen lands." of the wife returning to her husband On this honor-roll belongs the name and to the greater loyalty to his God, of Herbert Stanley Jenkins, of Sian- the inevitable growth about this born fu, Shensi. He was an ideal medical leader of a group of believers, the missionary, a man of strength and Church in the home and the subsequent gentleness, proficient in his profession, history of the Church and School at quick in the mastery of the Chinese Mahardeh, the happy following of the language, deeply evangelistic in spirit. son in his father's footsteps, the edu- His was a short but brilliant career, cation of the daughter, the final eleva- only seven years "in the saddle," and tion of the man to civil preferment- no sight of the "long day by the fire." these all hold one with intense interest.

Dr. Richard Glover, a master-spirit "Once on the verge of martyrdom in among English Baptists, has written a the flames of persecution, often driven brief but stirring and stimulating from the village as a disturber of peace sketch of Dr. Jenkin's life, to which and corrupter of youth, opposed and he adds two chapters on the work of resisted in his public and private the English Baptists in Shantung and career," at last we find ·Habeeb selected Shensi. This book illustrates afresh by the Turkish Government as civil the 'rare nobility 6f those men and president of the municipality of women who have staked and are Mahardeh, an office for which he wa"

staking their all that Jesus Christ may not even an aspirant. "Firm but not be known among the ungospe1ed. The bigoted, zealous but not hostile, the book can be read in an hour and a hali. one object of his life was to win all One rises from it with a sense of his neighbors to Christ; a true man, hush and elevation and humiliation and a loyal friend, such was and still is spur, and the exclamation-"Where is Habeeb the Beloved."

there anywhere such a power as that Tales of the African Wild. By Fred W. of JesuS' Christ to make godlike, heroic Dodds. 12mo. 175 pp. 2s. W. A.

men." Hammond, London, 1914.

With graphic pen the author pictures Habeeb the Beloved. A Tale of Life in the life in Southern Nigeria, and tells Modern Syria. By William S. Nelson, many weird and pathetic stories of the D.D. Illustrated. 16mo. 102 pp. 75 beliefs and customs that make a mis- cents, net. The Westminster Press, sionary's work difficult but necessary. Philadelphia, 1914. The tales are interesting and well told Dedicated to the Syrian people in the name of Him who was one of and give a most realistic idea of the them, by the well-known and honored fetish worship, the hard lot of woman, missionary, whose life is itself dedi- and the kind of work that missionaries

ON MISSIONS AND MISSION

are doing. The chapters make excel- Everlasting Pearl. One of China's lent reading for missionary meetings. Women.. By Anna Magdalena Johann- The unattractive dress of the volume sen, for 16 years a missionary in China. is a serious drawback to its popularity. 16mo. 111 pp. China Inland Mission, Philadelphia, and Morgan & Scott, Ltd., Manual of Missions. By Carl Le Roy London, 1914. Howland. 12mo. 175 pp. 75 cents, "Everlasting" Pearl is one of the net. Fleming H. Revell Co., New York, 1914. precious jewels which brighten the As a concise, clear, and careful state- crown of Christ in China. A "new woman, evangelist, pastor and Bible- ment of the conditions, needs, and prog- woman, all rolled into one" is she. A ress of missions in various' lands this religious devotee, taking the Vegetarian volume is to be highly commended. Pro- vows at twenty-two, she worked hard fessor Howland has not depended for his to accumulate merit that she might information on original research, but has escape all the usual stages of transstudied and condensed the material fur- migration and go straight to that goal nished by such authorities as the Ency- for which she longed-a life hereafter clopedia Britannica, the World Atlas of without suffering. Kneeling before Christian Missions, and the MISSIONARY Buddha, night after night she would REVIEW. After a brief study of the re- count her beads thousands of times, ligions of mission lands, the author sur- repeating O-mi-tu-fu, "in Buddha do veys the mission fields, and concludes his I put my trust." She bore stoically the volume with a series of excellent short many sorrows of her harassed life in quotations concerning the authority for contemplation of the next. But bemissions, and the missionary forces- cause of the persistent efforts of one prayer, money, and sacrificial service. patient foreign woman who did not Pastors and other church leaders will despair, the great opportunity came to find this a very handy compendium of Everlasting Pearl. Like the Gate of facts, but some of the statistics are in- the City which is a single pearl, she correct-for example: Japan has 624 became the gateway of many a soul to foreign missionaries (not 1,168), 102,790 life. Her childhood and early years, church-members (not 97,II7), and 1,772 s described by herself, are an intimat~ native workers (not 3,049). revelation of the life of a woman of the small shopkeeper class. The story Our Task in India. By Bernard Lucas. of her conversion and subsequent 12mo. 183 pp. 2s. 6d., or $1.00, net. career is by Miss Johannsen. Her final Macmillan Co., New York and Lon- surrender, in which supernatural visions don, 1914. had part, was complete, and it was a The question that Mr. Lucas asks and radiant life that emerged from tire conflict: "It is God himself who has seeks to answer is: "Shall we proselytize made me take this step, who was too Hindus or evangelize India?" The one strong for me and there is no turning process is mechanical and formal; the back." other is spiritual and vital. Some may not readily distinguish between the two Throu~h Lands that Were Dark. By F. ideals, but those Christians who do will H. Hawkins, LL.B. Illustrated. 8vo. not fail to choose the latter course. It is 159 pp. 6s., net. Paper. London Misthe bringing of Hindus into living con- sionary Society, 1914_ tact with the life-giving Christ that He A missionary secretary has here told, may transform and direct them. in graphic detail, the story of his year's Mr. Lucas discusses the men and meth- journey in Africa and Madagascar. ods at work in India, the Indian Church Among the more striking descrip'tions and Literature, and the efforts toward are those of the visit to' Kuruman, Britcooperation anrf un;nr

ish South Africa; to Kazembe, the chie f NEW BOOKS at Mbereshi, British Central Africa, and to the leper asylum in Tananarive, Men Who Prayed. Being Familiar, Madagascar. The report is not techni- Heart-to-Heart Talks with the Reader cal, dealing with problems, but a narra- Concerning the Lives of the Old Tes- tive of observations and experiences. tament Saints who Offered Prayer to Jehovah. By Henry W. Frost. With ,Tesus Christ's Men-A Progress, 1813- a foreword by Charles Gallaudet Trum- 19q. By Caroline Atwater Mason. bull. 12mo. 189 pp. $l.00, net. Bible 8vo. 163 pp. 50 cents, cloth; 35 cents, School Park, New York, 1914. net, paper. Griffith & Rowland Press, Phila., 1914. Educational Missions. By James L. Bar- This is a missionary play, with a pro- ton. 12mo. 271 pp. 75 cents. Stu- dent Volunteer Movement, New York, log, three scenes and a finale. It 1913. presents the history of one hundred years of American Baptist missions and The Missionary Obligation in the Light offers a fine opportunity for dramatic of the Changes of Modern Thought. presentation. This would be no light By Alfred E. Garvie. 12mo. 141 pp. task, but, if well done, it could scarce- 2s., net. Hodder & Stoughton, London, ly fail to be tremendously effective: 191{ In Far New Guinea. By Henry Newton, The Unknown God and Other Orthodox B.A. Illustrated. Map. 8vo. 304 pp. Essays. By Jacob Piatt Dunn. 16mo. $3.50, net. J. B. Lippincott Co., Phila- 178 pp. $1.00. Sentinel Printing Co., delphia, 1914. Indianapolis, Ind., 1914. There is a fascination in reading about The Christian Movement in Japan. inunknown people with peculiar customs, cluding Korea and Formosa. A Yeareven (or, perhaps, especially) when Book for 1914. Twelfth annual issue. these include cannibalism, sorcery, evil John Lincoln Dearing, editor. 12mo. s'pirits, immorality, polygamy, and death- 668 pp. $1.25. Missionary Education feasts. There is such a fascination about Movement, 156 Fifth Avenue, New this book, and it is well written. But York, 1914. there is also the interest that attaches to heroism and self-sacrifice in mission The Social Aspects of Foreign Missions. work-for, in 1899, Mr. Newton went as By William Herbert Perry Faunce. missionary of the Anglican Church to Illustrated. lZmo. 309 pp. 60 cents. Eastern New Guinea. He offers an in- Missionary Education Movement, New teresting criticism of the Anglican Mis- York, 1914. sion (S. P. G.), saying that "it is doubtful whether they have ever had any defi- The Faith of Japan. By Tasuku Harada, nite theory as to how mission work LL.D. $1.25. The Macmillan Comshould be conducted on any thought-out pany, New York, 1914. principles." He also says that the members of the staff in New Guinea "had Chinese Students and China's Religious little or no definite training for their Awakening. Report of the Conference special work." The missionaries have, of the Chinese Students' Christian Ashowever, endeavored to Christianize the sociation in North America, Kansas native life rather than to Anglicize it. City, Mo., January 1-3, 1914. 25 cents. The facts and incidents given are interesting and impressive. The whole Training the Little Home-Maker. By volume is a really valuable contribution Mabel L. Keech. J. B. Lippincott Co., to the knowledge of New Guinea and Philadelphia, 1914. Anglican missions there. Romanism and Ruin. By Rev. H. C. Morrison. 60 cents. Pentecostal Pub- lishing Co., Louisvi!1e, Ky., 1914.

PAMPHLETS Livingstone College Year-Book, 1914. Being a Record of a Year's Work at Livingstone College, and of Former Students in all Parts of the World, and Containing a Review of Recent Prog- ress in Tropical Medicine. 6d. Liv- ingstone College, Leyton, E., 1914.

Hartford Seminary Foundation Bui1etin. Commencement Number. June, 1914. 36 pp. Hartford Seminary Press, Hartford, Conn.

Presbyterian Home Missions in Ken- tucky. A Class Book for Mission Study. Edited by Rev. 1. Cochrane Hunt. 263 pp., paper cover. 50 cents. Rev. 1. Cochrane Hunt, Pisgah, Ky., 1914.

The Missionary Review of the World — October 1899

PIONEER MISSIONARIES TO

vast continents are A LL Oman seems to be

shrouded in almost utter and our regret is that we darkness, ant! hundreds oJmillions are single-handed in this work. .It suffer the horrors oJ heathenism or Islam, the burden oJ prooJ lies is our purpose andplan, God willupon you to show that the cinum- ing, so supply every village in stances in which God has placed Oman with the Word oJ God, but you 1fJere meant by Him to keepyou we need reinJorcements to assist out oJ the Joreign mission }ield. J. US.-PETER ZWEMER. -HON. ION KEITH FALCONER• . I HA VE scarcely expressed in MY work is study, reading, the least degree the view I teaching and preaching to have oJ the extremely serious char- my brethren the Mohammedans. {uter oJ the work here to be entered May God enlighten their hearts upon; and the possible-nay prob- and send His Holy Spirit to illu- able-severity oJ the conJlict to be mine their minds that they may expected and Jaithfully hazarded know God with a true knowledge by the Church oJ Christ between and distinguish between the true two such strong andancientforces, andJalse prophets.-KAMIL'S let- pledged to such hereditary and ter to his father. deep-grounded hostility. Yet " the Lamb shall overcome them; Jor He is Lord oJ Lords."- BISHOP FRENCH in one of his last letters from Muscat. MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD: Old Series. } OCTOBER. New Series. (VOL. XII. No. 10. VOL. XXII. No. 10.

AHABIA: 'l'I-IE CRADLE 0]<' ISLAM.t BY HEY. SA)IlJ}:L )1. ZWEJlIER, F.H.G.S., BAHHEIN ISLANDS. Missionary of the Reformeu (Dutch) Church in America.

Every nation has its appointed time, and when their appointed thne COU1es they cannot keep it back an hour nor can they bring it on.-The Koran, vii: 31. Ohne Prophetie wird soviel klar werden dass der talentvollste der semitischen Staemme noch nicht zu den Todten gehoert und dass er sich .wieder zu fuehlen beginnt.-Albrecht Zehm's" Arabien seit 100 Jahren.ll When the Koran and Mecca shall have disappeareu from Arabia, then, and only then, can we expect to see the Arab assume that place in the ranks of civilization from which Mohammed and his book have, more than any other cause, long held him back.-Palgrave.

What Jerusalem and Palestine are to Christendom, that, and vastly more, Mecca and Arabia are to the Mohammedan world, the cradle of their religion; the birthplace of t~leir prophet; the center toward which, since long centuries, ambitions, prayers, and pilgrimages gravitate; and the great unentered stror.ghold of Islam. One of the old Bible lands, full of archeological and historical interest to the student, and still offering virgin soil to the explorer, the great Arabian peninsula has strangely remained for the most part a neglected land. In this all too brief study of the subject we will consider, in turn, the geography of the country, its political condition, the people, their language and religion, and lastly, missions.

I. 'I.'HE GEOGRAPHY. Arabia has well-defined boundaries, except toward the north. A convenient line for the northern boundary can be drawn from the Mediterranean along the thirty-third parallel to Busrah. But it should not be forgotten that as regards Ilomad wanderings, physical features, and the use of language, even Bagdad and the Syrian desert are purely Arabian. 'I.'he coast-line of the peninsula has all been carefully surveyed by the Anglo-Indian navy, and stretches from Suez to the Euphrates delta–four thousand miles. '1'he greatest length of Arabia is about one thousand miles, and its mean breadth about six hundred. Its area is a little over one million square miles, • This periodical adopts the Orthography of the following Rule, recommended by the joint action of the American Philological Association and the Philological Society of Englanu :-Change d or ed final to t when so prononnced, except when the e affects a preceding sonnd.-PuBLISHERS.

t Mr. Zwemer is preparing a book on Arabia, which will probably appear in the spring- of 1900. Inquiries may be sent to the EDITOR.

ARABIA: THl£ CRADI,l£ OP ISLAM

or about four times as large as France. Until quite recently the country was regarded as a vast expanse of sandy deserts. Recent explorations have proved this idea quite incorrect, and the large area toward the southeast now markt Roba EI Khali, the empty abode, has uever beeu explored. The following passage from Palgrave's " Central Arabia" is an excellent description of the general physical characteristics of the whole peninsula: The general type of Arabia is that of a central table-land surrounded by a desert ring, sandy to the southwest and east, stony to the north. This outlying circle is in its turn girt by a line of mountains low and sterile for the most, but attaining in Yemen and Oman considerable height, breadth, and fertility; while beyond these, a narrow rim of coast is bordered by the sea. The surface of the midmost table-land equals somewhat less than one-half of the entire peninsula; and its special demarcations are much affected, nay, often absolutely fixt, by the windings and inrunnings of the Nefood (s3ndy desert). If, to these central highlands or Nejd, taking that word in its wider sense, we add whatever spots of fertility belong to the outer circle, we shall find that Arabia contains about two-thirds of cultivated, or at least cultivateable land, with a remaining third of irreclaimable desert, chiefly on the south. (Vol. 1., p, 91.) From this description it is evident that the least attractive part of the peninsula is the coast. From the table-land of Nejd there is a regular ascent southward to the mountains of Yemen and Oman, where you reach an elevation of 6,000-10,000 feet.

This diversity of surface causes a great diversity of climate. The conditions generally are intense heat and dryness, since the worldzone of maximum heat ill July embraces the whole of the Persian Gulf and the Red Sea coast. But in the high lands the heat is tempered by winds and elevation, while on the coasts it is aggravated by the enormous evaporation of landlocked basins. Arabia north of Mecca and Bahrein, however, has a cold season of at least three months. Nejd has a salubrious climate, and in parts of Oman and Yemen the mercury even in July seldom rises above 85° F. In traveling to Sanaa, July, 18!)Z, I past from a shade temperature at Hodeidall of 1l0° F. to one of 50° F. at Menakhah (7,616 ft. above sea) in two days journeys. At Sanaa there is frost for three months in the year.

Arabia has no rivers, and none of its perennial mountain streams reach the sea. The most important of the many wadys (see Job 6: 15-20) is the unexplored Wady er Rumma, which flows between Sirhan and Dowasir, from the Hejaz coast range right across the peninsula in a N. E. direction toward the lower Euphrates for nearly eight hundred miles, and is supposed by Glaser to be one of the Paradise rivers. (Glaser, Wetzstein, Huber, Doughty.) As regards fauna and flora Arabia so closely resembles the adjaooot African mainland that it seems an eastern extension of this continent l'ather than all integral l)art of Asia.

From the days of Mohammed the Arabs count seven provinces ill their peninsula: Hejaz, Yemen, Haclramaut, Oman, Hassa, Irak, and Nejcl.

I-Iejaz, on tte western coast, is 'l'urkish, has no well-defined limit to the interior, and is important solely becanse of the twin sacred cities, Mecca and El Medina. Sandy, barren, torrid, and unhealthy on the coast; more elevated and rocky, yet equally barren inland (except at Taif), the province has scant blessings and no commerce, except in pilgrims and cholera. Mecca has a population of 45,000, more than doubled during the pilgrimage. El Medina has, perhaps, 20,000; Jiddah, 30,000; Taif, 8,000; and Yenbo, 6,000 inhabitants. The rest of thc inhabitauts are mostly Bedouins, wholly hostile to Ottoman rule. The Turkish official estimate for the population of this province at three and a half millions is an exaggeration.* Yemen, except near the coast, is fertile, well-watered, with rich pastures, magnificent scenery, flourishing towns and villages, a large agricultural population, in one word-Arabia Felix, except for an abominable and tyrannical government. Defler, the French botanist, collected six hundred species of plants ill Yemen! Fully one-fifth of the entire population of Arabia d wells here, and all travelers grow eloquent over its delightful climate, surpassing verdure, and the industry of its people. rrhe chief products are coffee, indigo, dyes, kaat (catha, celastl'us edulis), vegetables, and fruits; there is also a large export of hides and gums. The population is estimated at two and a half million, including Sanaa, with 60,000; Aden, 30,000; Hodeidah, ;W,OOO; and Loheia with 5,000 inhabitants. Yemen is best known of all the provinces. t Hadramaut (Gen. 10: 26) is the old undefined south-couutry with high terraces behind the coast. Jebel Hamra, 5,285 feet, and Jebel Dahum, 8,000 feet, are the highest peaks; the whole region has been only partially explored.!

Makallah and Shehr on the coast, Shibam, inland, are the chief towns. rl'obacco, honey, and fish are the main exports. rrhe expedition under Hirsch discovered native coal mines and heard of lead and gold. The province is independent, possesses no political unity, and is occupied by hostile tribes, some of which are subsidized by England. The Mehri or Ehkili dialect (language?) is the modern form of Himyaritic, and is in use by some tribes; this is the only part of Arabia where a tongue other than Arabic is spoken. The population is unknown, and all estimates are a guess. Perchance the present Austrian expedition will give more detailed information of the hill tribes. Concerning the region north of Hadramaut geographers are completely ignorant and all maps blank.

Oman has a i'ocky coast, good harbors, a mountainous interior, abounding in water, is incredibly fertile, and has an agricultural population as well as Bedouin tribes. Muscat has long been the center of trade and influence; its sultan is practically under English tutelage or protection.§ Oman is said to be rich in minerals, but awaits more careful exploration.

* Hejaz was explored and described by Niebuhr, 1761; Burckhardt, 1814; Ruppell,1827; Wellsted,I831: Bruce, – ; Schimper, 1835: Fresnel, 1840: Wallin,1845; Burton,1853; Seetzen, 1855; Von Maltzan, 1860; Tennett, 1863; Snouck Hurgronje, 1880.

tYemen was explored by Niebuhr, 1763; Seetzen, 1810; Cruttenden, 1836; Dr. Wolf, 1836: Owen, 1857: Botta, 1837: Passama, 1842: Arnaud, 1843; Von Maltzan, 1871; Halevy,1870; Millengen,1874; Manzoni, 1879; Glaser,1880; Defier,I888; Haig, 1889: Harris, 1892. The extreme northeast of Yemen is called Aseer, and we owe our knowledge of this region to Chedufeau, 1824; Jomard, 1S.~9; Ehrenberg, 1824; and Tamisier, 1834.

~ What knowledge we have is due to the bold travelers: Von Wrede – ; KUnzel,I841; Carter, 1851; Van den Berg, 1886; Bent, 1893; and Leo Hirsch, 1893.

§ The best account of this province is found in the books of the following traveler": Welsted, 1835: Whitelock,I836; Eloy, 1843; Palgrave, 1862; Badger, 18<i'1; Jayaker (on dialect of Oman), 1888. Hasa is the eastern coast province; it was formerly called El Bahrein, but this name is now restricted to a group of islands. It is nominally Turkish, but its frontiers depend on the caprice or capacity of Ottoman functionaries. One of them lately styled himself mutaserrif pasha of Nejd. Pearl-fishing is carried on all along the coast, but centers in Bahrein, which is the depot for the whole region round about. Famous dates come from Hofhoof, the capital, and the country has many cold, hot, and mineral springs. Hofhoof, Kateef, Knweit, and Menameh are the centers of trade and population.* Bahrein has a population of at least 60,000, ruled by an independent sheik, under English protection.

Irak is the Arabic name for the northern river country, south of Mesopotamia proper, and including the two Turkish vilayets, Bagdad and Busrah. Besides the capital cities of these two vilayets, the principal towns are Kerbela, Hillah, Koot, Amara, and Nasariyeh. The official estimate for the population of Irak is 1,050,000; probably correct. Outside of the towns mentioned the bulk of the population even here are wild Arabs-some nomad and others living in mat huts along the rivers. Their subjection to the Porte is purely nominal, and they are continually in rebellion. From its month to Bagdad the 'figris is navigable throughout the year for steamers of considerable size, and for some years past an English and a 'fnrkish line ply between Busrah and Bagdad, developing the resources of Mesopotamia. Bagdad, with a population of 180,000, stands in direct and constant communication with Central Arabia, and possesses importance commercially and politically, owing to its situation on the water highway in-a laud destitute of railroads and vehicles. Busrah is the depot for the Persian gulf trade; its commerce is steadily increasing, and here, as at Bagdad, the influence of English commerce and prestige are daily becoming more evident. t There remains the region of Nejd. In its widest sense this includes Nejd proper, Jebel Shommar, and EI Jowf. Isolated from contact with foreigners, the Arabs here have preserved all the good and evil of their inheritance unadulterated. Accessible only by caravan journey, and inhabited by Arabs proud of their lineage, fanaticism is rife. Here Wahabeeism took its rise, and workt as a leaven in the body politic. Rich in pastures and flocks, Nejd is patriarchal in character and government. In the principal towns, Hail, Riad, and Boreydah, there is some learning and a flavor of Western civilization, but for the rest the hands of their clock point to the days of Job.!

The total population of Arabia is variously estimated by different • The best accounts of Hasa are by Sadlier, 1819; Pelly, 1865; and Palgrave, 1862. t The authorities on Irak are: Chesney,1850; Lady Ann Blunt, 1879; Greary, 1878; Ains· * worth, 1888. We owe our chief acquaintance with this region to Sadlier, – ; Wallin,I845; Reinaud, – ; Palgrave, 1862; Guarmani, 1864: PelIy,1865; Jomar<i, – ; Doughty, 1888; Lady Blunt, 1883. authorities: Reysheed Bey (,Turkish) gives 10,752,000; Keane (1896) estimates it at 11,000,000, exclusive of Mesopotamia, i. e., Bagdad and Busrah. Others give a much lower estimate. Eight millions is probably nearest the truth. Arabia has no roads, except in Yemen, and no railroads anywherE'. vYheeled vehicles are utterly unknown, and the ship of the desert carries all traffic. A camel time-table is easily constructed by cross-reckoning on the map with a table of distances; for a caravan generally travels only eight hours a day, and three miles pel' hour. From xl uscat to Mecca is twenty-seven days; from Busrah to IIassa, eleven. Turkish telegraph service exists between Mecca, Medina, and Jiddah, Sanaa, Hodeidah, and Taiz, allcl from Busrah to Bagdad. At Aden and at Fao (near Busrah), the peninsula is in touch by electric cable with the wide world.

POLITICAL ARABLL II. THE POLITIC.~l, COXDITIoN.-The history of Arabia since the days of Mohammed has been one of constant warfare and bloodshed; rifles have displaced matchlocks as they did the bow, but the hand of Ishmael is the hand of Ishmael still. Politically, Arabia has never been a unit, nor is it now. Sinai and the two hundred miles of coast south of the Gulf of Akaba are Egyptian. Yemen and Hassa are nominally Turkish provinces, but their boundaries are constantly shifting and never certain. The ShartJef of Mecca often dictates to the Porte, and nomads rob the Damascus pilgrim caravan unless they receive blackmail from the sultan. Even at Mecca, where no infidel arms have ever been drawll, intrigue, murder, and internal wars havc proved Islam the religion of the sword for centuries. The Arabs of Yemen have never ceased to rebel since the victorious Turks entered Sanaa in 1873. The insurrection of 1892 was nearly a revolution.* And this year again all Yemen is in arms. It is very suggestive that in the present revolt some of the rebels make use of the English flag.

Irak alone is actually Turkish, but even in this region Arab uprisings are not infrequent. "-hen Turkish power meets disaster in Europe the day will dawn on which Arabia will be partitioned or break np into little princedoms.

Aden became English in 1839, and since then the "cinder-heap with its fortress" has grown to a tract of land two hundred miles long by forty broad, and a population of 130,000, while the influence of its just government, civilized institutions, and military prestige has been extending until they are recognized all over Yemen and IIadramaut. All the coast-tribes from Aden ea.stward, and from Muscat to Katar are subsidized by annual payments, or have made exclusive treaties with England. Muscat, the key to Oman, has, since the Arab incursion of 1897, and the French episode of March, 1899, practically * Blackwood's Magazine, Feb., 'n3, article by Harris. become a British protectorate. Bahrein is under English protection also; and this word "protection" in Eastern politics has about the same significance that "preemption" has to the Dakota farmer. England's settled policy in the Gulf is to shut out Hussia from a Persian harbor, France from one in proximity to India, and to be sole mistress of the sea. Already she has agents and consuls everywhere; the postal system is British; the rupee has driven out the piaster and the kran; ninety-eight per cent. of the commerce is in English hands; the Persian Gulf will soon be an English lake; and when the longtalked of Euphrates Vaney, or Anglo-Egyptian-Arabian railroad becomes a fact, Kuweit, with its splendid harbor, will become the ter- .A VIEW OF MECCA AND THE KAABA.

minus, while India receives its mails through the Gulf route. An intelligent study of the relation of Egypt to India and its frontier will show that there must be a method back of this aggressive policy. Mohammed Ibn Hasheed, the King Richard of Nejd, who mounted to his throne by the massacre of seventeen possible future pretenders, died in 1897, and was succeeded by his nephew, Abd el Aziz bin Mitaab. He is the most powerful potentate to-day in Arabia. His territory is bordered southward by Hiadh and the Wahabee country. Northward his influence extends beyond the Nefood right away to the oases of Wady Sirhan (Long. 38° E., Lat. 31 0 N.), east of the Dead Sea. The inhabitants there pay him yearly tribute, and the people of .Jauf also acknowledge his authority. He commands the pilgrim road from Persia, which brings him an annual revenue of twenty thousand pounds, besides the enormous influence in Mecca and Medina. His green and purple banuer is the symbol of authority alld brute Bedouin justice all over this vast region. He is swift to punish transgressors; keen and cruel to avenge; but lavish in hospitality-a ruler after their own heart. Taxation is light, and service in the army is voluntary. Statesmanship has succeeded where religious fanaticism failed; for ill this same region the Wahabees flourished.

Now the Wahabee movement has col1apst, and their political power is forever broken, since division entered the council chambers of Riadh, and their llOpes for a general jilwd against infidels were blasted by the attitude of the Turkish rulers. In the highlands of Aared and Kasim they still claim adherents and authority. But the game is over, a;.nd the dynasty of Saood ended.

III. THE PEOPLE, LANGUAGE, ANn RELIGION.

(1) Ooncerning the origin of the present inhabitants of Arabia and their earliest migrations there is disagreement. But, whatever their origin, the tribes and clans have become unified into one people by the use of one language and the power of one religion. The Arahs divide the whole of mankind into two classes : 'Arab, that is them- selves, and 'Ajemee, that is all other peoples. The nomads and the villagers partake of their diverse environment, but are at heart alike. Baron de Larrey, surgeon-general of the first Napoleon, wrote 01' them: "They have a physiognomy and character which are quite peculiar, and which distinguish them generally from all those which appear in other regions of the globe. Their physical struc- ture in all respects is more perfect than that of Europeans; their organs of sense exquisitely acute; their size above the average of men in general; their figure robust and elegant; the color brown; their intelligence proportionate to their physical perfection and, without doubt, superior, other things being equal, to that of other nations."* Burckhardt, than whom there is no better authority on Arabia, after acknowledging their grave, racial faults, writes: "The wander- ing Arabs have certainly more wit and sagacity than the people who live in towns; their heads are clear, their spirits unimpaired by debauchery, and their minds uncorrupted by slavery; and I am justified in saying that there are few nations among whom natural talents are so universally diffused as among the Bedouins."-(Notes on Bedouins and Wahabees, VoL 1., p. 184.) The Arabs, as a race, are lively, good natured, polite, manly, patient, courageous, and hospitable to a fault. The Arabs are ignorant, quarrel- some,t untruthful, distrustful, sensual, proud, covetous, superstitions, * Kitto';: Cyclopedia, Art. Arabia, t As on" of their own poets has said: Strong-necked lion'men, Who menace one the other in malignant hate Like demons of the dark, Feet fast· riveted in .conflict.-Zoha.ir1 C;oupJet 71. tJl ~~AA I .. I .. f • …JW• ' .~ ~t ~~~ ~ ~V:'- =-' l'

~4:J~ ~ A LETTER FROM A POOR CRIPPLE IN OMAN, ASKING FOR CHRISTIAN BOOKS dishonest, and altogether given to robbery and theft. Oombine these two statements and the paradox resulting is a near approach to the Arab character. The tribes of the interior are far superior to those on the coast, and lowest in the scale are the mixed bloods, who live in the ports, adopting all the vices and none of the virtues of an incipient ci vilization. In addition to this distinction it is to be remembered that eastern Arabia has taken color by long contact with Persia; southern Arabia has absorbed Indian ideas; and western Arabia plainly shows the proximity of Egypt.* (2) The Arabic language was the greatest gift of Arabia to the world, and is the proudest possession of the Arab. It is now spoken by about seventy million of the human race; its alphabet has been adopted by many peoples in Asia and Africa; it is to-day spreading all over the northern half of Oentral Africa, and it will yet prove, in its matchless version of the Holy Scriptures, a vehicle for everlasting truth to millions, even as it received its grammatical perfection in publishing and adorning a worldwide falsehood. Harmonious (in spite of its gutturals), fiuent, logical, with wealth of synonym and of boundless vocabulary, nearly perfect in grammar, it is called by those who nse it "the language of the angels." And this lIlay be the reason why ordinary mortals, endowed with less perfect speech, find it surpassingly difficult. Wright says: There are few if any nations of ancient and medieval Europe which can boast of a literature like the Arabic, especially in history, geography, philosophy, and other sciences, to say nothing of poetry and the peculiar systems of theology and law which depend on the Koran.t (3) The religion of Arabia is Islam. Except for the small colony of Sabeans on the Euphrates, and the Jews of Bagdad, Busrah, *' This is true of dress, architecture. literature, ana manners.

t Comparative Gram. of Semitic Lang., Intra. Yemen, and Western I-Iadramaut, all Arabia is, at least nominally, Mohammedan. vVe make no count of the few Europeans, Parsees, and Hindu traders of the coast towns. Some of the Bedouin tribes, particularly in south Arabia, are half-pagan in their practises, but all repeat the Moslem creed, and call themselves Moslems.

Cradled at Mecca, and fostered at Medina, the creed of Islam has had undisputed possession of the entire peninsula almost since its birth. In other lands, snch as Syria and Egypt, it remained in contact with a corrupt form of Christianity or, as in India and China, in conflict with cnltnred paganism, and there is no doubt that in both cases there were mutual concessions and influences. But in its native Arabian soil the tree planted by the prophet has grown with wild freedom, and brought forth fruit after its kind. " By their fruits ye shall know them," is Christ's criterion in the study of comparative religions. There is llO better polemic against Islam than a presentation of the present intellectual, social, and moral condition of Arabia.

Schlegel, in his "Pliilosophy of History," tersely characterizes Mohammedanism as "a prophet without miracles, a faith without mysteries, and a morality without love, which has encouraged a thirst for blood, and which began and ended in the most unbounded sensuality.'· The monotheism of Mohammed, with its heathen Kaaba and Black Stone, was a compromise; nor did it ever uproot pagan superstitions in Arabia; nay, rather it increast them. Stone and tree worship are yet common in many parts of the peninsula, even in the vicinity of Mecca. Belief in jinns, {Iofreets, and ghosts of all kinds, is universal, and the last two chapters of the Koran are used to exorcise them. All Arabs believe in alchemy, astrology, necromancy, geomancy, THF. REPUTED TOMB OF EVE AT JIDDAH. the evil-eye, and amulets. A favorite remedy for sickness is a decoction of Koran texts written in ink! The denial by Mohammed of a mediator and an atonement could not eradicate the human need for both, and, in consequence, Arabia, like other Moslem lands, has much saint-worship and even blood rites and sacrifices. Tombs of holy men are sanctuaries, and relics are" worshipt "in many places. If "idolatry is every worship· that stops short of the Sllpreme,"* then most Moslems are idolaters. It is the irony of history, that at Medina the grave of the prophet who curst saint-worship has become a center of superstition and pilgrimage, and that at Mecca the favorite amulets in common use by women, who are taught to despise Christians, consist of old Venetian coins, with the image of St. Mark and the Savior It No wonder that Abel EI Wahaab arose in protest against such monotheism, rejected the teachings of all the four orthodox doctors, and tried to sack the Kaaba itself in his zeal for the original purity of Islam.

As regards morality Arabia is on a low planc, tho away from the cities family life is not so corrupt as in some other Moslem lands. More exactly stated, the condition of women among the Bedouin still partakes of the freedom and respectability which prevailed before Islam. In the use of the veil, for example, ancient patriarchal custom has proved stronger than religious legislation. It is almost unknown among the nomads, but universally worn in the towns. Slavery and concubinage exist everywhere. Polygamy and divorce are common. At Kerbela and Nejf abominable" temporary marriages" are sanctioned hy Shiah doctrine, and the system is not very different from the temple prostitution of India. Mecca is the sink-hole for a Moslem world of iniquity. Even Burton testifies: " The Meccans appeared to me distinguisht, even in this foul-mouthed East, by the superior licentiousness of their language. Abuse was bad enough in the streets, but in the house it became intolerable." Travelers have lifted the veil, but it is a shame even to speak of the things done without restraint in the" holy cities" of Arabia. t Yet we do not wonder at it when we remember that Mohammed ascribed his own moral obliquity to divine revelation, and by so doing forever divorced religion and morality. The conscience is petrified; legality is the highest form of wor8hip; virtue is to be like the prophet. 'rhe Arabic language has no every-day word for conscience, and the present book term used does not even occur in the Koran. I have never seen an Arab child blush.

Intellectllallife has made little progress in Arabia since" the days of ignorance," when all the tribes gathered annually at Okatz to compete in poetry and eloquence. '1'he Bedouin are all illiterate, their • F. H. Hedge.

-r Page 166, Vol. II., of "Mekka," by Hurgronje.

:j: Hauri's " Der Islam1" pp. 143-148; Burton's n Pilgrimage; " H11rgronjp,'s U Mekka," Yol. II., pp. 11,24, 15, 107-111, pte. + ')( M. tUn.. R~ t £e~~ x y 010 ~S~ II)) u T~ Cd- etr'- U1(~ ~ ~~ 6 WfA.'1 [( 'it'~ IT ~d )-. SkMn. lfJ~ =s ffl~ n-r( 1.@rundJ T3~ '? ~/t1.a­ 1 ~W III 731La- f3uu..5~ ~~ ,Q only writing is to scratch their masms on everything, and book-learning in the towns is comprest into the narrow mold of Koran philosophy. Schools are very few in Arabia, and even in the centers of learning, Mecca, Sanaa, Zebid, and Hail, they are of an elementary character. Doughty, who spent years among the Arabs, says they are barren of all inventive skill, ignorant of every science save that of tracking camel footprints in the desert! Kufa, which was once the Oxford of Arabia, now has one day-school with twelve pupils! Fatalism, the philosophy of the masses, has paralyzed progress. Hope perishes under the weight of this iron bondage, and authority (taking Allah for its example) clothes itself in the garb of religion to exercise on the one hand grinding oppression, and to offer lavish pardon for sufficient backsheesh, on the other. The bulk of the people are passive. Injustice is stoically accepted with the pions phrase, "This world is the kafir's paradise and the Moslem's prison-house." No man bears another's burden, and there is no public spirit. Treachery and murder are the steps to petty thrones in free Arabia, while in the Turkish provinces justice is sold to the highest bidder. Cruelty is common. Donald Mackenzie wrote recently: While at Hodeidah I saw a most revolting sight; just outside the principal gate of the town, in a Mohammedan burial place, I found a poor old man chained, perfectly naked, exposed to the burning sun by day and dew hy night, with no shed or covering of any kind; the poor fellow was quite insane. I found, from inquiries, that this wretched man had been chaiped at this place for seventeen years; that he had been a powerful sheik, but a more powerful one had ruined him and chained him in the burial-ground near the highroad for caravans, and opposite his rival's house, so that everyone could see the latter's power in the country. The inhuman wretch who did this farms the customs of Hodeidah from the Turkish government.

Lying is a fine art, and robbery a science. Islam has made the hospitable Arab hostile to Ohristians and wary of strangers.

Over all this hangs a cloak of self-righteousness and formal observances. There is no soporific like the Koran; nothing so well designed to hush all the heart's questionings as a religion that denies the need of an atonement, and promises paradise to those who accept the creed of eight words, no matter what their life may be.

There is no hope for Arabia in Islam. It has been tried for thirteen hundred years, and piteously failed. Is there no hope for the Arabs in the Gospel? Will Palgrave's prophecy prove an ilile word and Mecca forever defy Christendom?

ARABIAN )IISSIONS.

IV. MrssIONs.-Concerning Ohristianity in Arabia before Mohammed's religion appeared, we know: 'I'hat there were Arabians present at Pentecost; that St. Paul resided for some time in the dominions of the Arabian king Aretas (Harith); and that Agbarus, so celebrated in the annals of early missions, was a prince of Edessa, while six bishops from Arabia were present at the Nicene Oouncil.

The tribe of Ghassan was early converted to Christianity, and Yemen was noted in the third century as the mother of heresies. Frumentius introduced the Gospel into South Arabia, and built churches at Aden, Sanaa, Zaphar, and Hormuz. Ibn Khalican enumerates several Ohristian tribes, and all of Nejran was won for the faith. During the reign of Dhu Nowass, the Jewish king of the Himyarites, thousands suffered cruel martyrdom. Gregentius, Euthymius, Simeon Stylites, and St. Saba, are other names around which legends of early mission work in Arabia cluster. But the form of the faith was not pure enough to be permanent. It lackt spirituality, and abounded in doctrinal quibbles. In the same year in which Abraha, the Christian king of Yemen, was defeated by the idolaters of Mecca, Mohammed was born. His dying injunction was that his native country might be inhabited solely by "believers," and it was rigorously enforced in the caliphate of Omar. Even before his death the Ohristians of Arabia had become apostate. Wright says, "Whether any Ohristians were left in the peninsula at the death of Mohammed, may be reasonably doubted." 'rhis was in 632, A.D. Prom that date nntil the day of Keith Falconer, the whole ~f Arabia was 1ttterly, con- THE SOLDIER'S CHURCH AT ADEN.

tinuously, and inexpll:cably neglected by tlte Church of Christ in its UJork of evangelization. The false prophet has held undisputed sway in the whole peninsula.

The story of Ion Keith Falconer's life is well known. He was, in the true sense of the word, the pioneer missionary of Arabia (for the Roman Catholic mission, founded at Aden in 1840, was not intended to reach the Arabs, and even now confines its efforts to the"mixt population of Steamer Point). Keith Falconer called attention to the neglected Arabs by the appeals of his lip and the sacrifice of his life. Being dead, he yet speaks to all Christendom of that vast region "shrouded. in almost utter darkness," whose "millions suffer the horrors of Islam," and pleads for Arabia. The mission so nobly begun has been faithfully continued by the Free Church of Scotland, but, from lack of laborers, the work has not yet extended beyond Sheikh Othman (Aden), except indirectly through the potent influence of their medical missionaries. III addition to their hospital work, they plan to open an industrial school for Aden waifs and orphans, in the near future The Memorial Church at Steamer Point was bnilt for their work among soldiers, and its services are in English. In 1887, Maj.- Gen. J. T. I-Iaig, R.E., made extensive journeys in southern and east- ·ern Arabia with a view to missionary effort. In answer to his plea, Dr. and Mrs. Harpur, of the C. M. S., came to Aden, afterward moved to Dhala, 60 miles north, and finally attempted medical work at Hodeidah. But they were soon obliged, by Ottoman opposition, to withdraw. Missionary journeys in behalf of the Jews of Yemen, were made as early as 1856, by Rev. A. Stern, and since by others, but nothing permanent resulted, and the interior of Yemen remains unoccupied.

From Usambiro, Central Africa, Alexander M. Mackay, in August, 1888, sent-fort.b his remarkable appeal for a mission to the Arabs of Oman.* It was the trumpet-call to duty for the aged Bishop French. After thirty-seven years of mission labor in India, he resigned his bishopric, "moved by an inexpressible desire to preach to the Arabs;" He arrived at Muscat on F eb. 9th, 1891, and died on May 14th of the same year. His plans never reacht execution, and he never reacht the interior, the goal of his desires. But the few months he spent at Muscat were full of the work of faith and the patience of hope, as well as the labor of love and wonderful self-denial. Was it to shame the church that a lonely, aged man was permitted to raise the King's banner in reeponse to Mackay's plea, and to die in doing it ?

T1tE MISSION HOUSE AT ll1:SCAT.

Two attempts have been made to en ter Arabia from the north one by Rev. Friedrich Grobe, of the German Lutheran Church (1893), by working independently among the Bedouin of Sinai, and another by Samuel Van Tassel, of the North Africa Mission (1890), among the Nomad tribes east of the Dead Sea.. The latter mission was frustrated by the 'l'urks. Mr. FordeI', of the Christian Alliance, planned to enter by way of Damascus (1898), but met wi th an accident. The C. M. S. mission at Bagdad (which may, perhaps, be counted in Arabia), was * Again and again I have heard the Arabs aver that in their country, Oman, we did no~ ve.nture to introduce our religion! I have been a lso taunted by negroes with the remarK, why come so far to ask people t o change the customs of their fathers, while you neglect the Arabs? . . . This stigma must be removed. . . . The importance of Muscat as a mis- sionary center for work among the Arabs can scarcely be overestimated. . : . In more senses than one lIIuscat is the key to Central Africa, . . . but the post must be held by no feeble stalf. . . . These poor Arabs, wbom I respect, but who have given me much trouble in years past, the best way by which we can.turn the edge of their opposition, and convert • their blasphemy Into blessing, is to do the utmost for their salvation.-Life of .Mackay, 1'1'- 417-430. establisht ill 188:Z, IIY Dr. Hobert Bruce, as a braneh of their Persia mission, but is now separate. 'l'hey have taken over Mosul from the Presbyterian Board, and are strengthening their work at Bagdad itself. The medical mission is remarkable for its success- and the extent of its influence; patients come for hundreds of miles; one hundred and forty-seven major operations were performed last year.* The Arabian mission of the lteformed Church in America (1891) occupied Busrah, Bahrein, and Muscat on the Persian Gulf.t It was at Busrah that Kamil Abd El Messiah, a Moslem convert of the Syrian mission, laid down his life in earnest witness for the truth. He was the first Mohammedan convert who preacht Christ to the Arabs of Hadramaut and East Arabia. Beyond Busrah this mission has outstations at Nasariyeh and Amara, northward.

Bahrein was entered in 1892, and offers splendid opportunities because of the great freedom enjoyed; but the work has been retarded from lack of laborers. Muscat station owes its existence and development to the devotion of practical energy and patient endurance of Peter John Zwemer. Alone he penetrated far inland to plant the banner which fell from the dead hand of Bi.shop French, on the heights of Jebel Achdar. In the face of stupendous difficulties and a most trying climate, ~e persevered in holding the fort, while appealing in vain for the sinews of war and a comrade in arms. He translated a tract for Moslems, set it up in type, and struck off on a hand-press turned by a rescued slave lad, the first Christian leaflet ever printed in Arabia. The school for rescued slaves was the outcome of his individual effort and enterprise. Worn out by fevers and six years of toil, he went on furlough after a wearisome journey and three months in the hospital at New York, ever looking forward to recovery and to further service in Arabia with patient expectancy (so unwilling was he to layoff the harness); he fell asleep on October 18th, 1898. America has his body, but his heart is in Oman and his memory will survive longest at Muscat, where he spent his strength, but not for naught.!

As regards the future of missions in Arabia, a glance at the table of statistics will show the utter inadequacy of present efforts. Only four points on the coast are occupied, and the whole interior is untoucht. Open doors, long neglected and closed doors, await the knock of faith. It is a serious problem, but its solution is as certain as God's promises, and will be equally glorious. In the book of God's love, also, "every nation has its appointed time, and when their appointed time comes they call not keep it back an hour." The bow of promise is already on the political horizon. God's providence has sealed the work so far attempted.

When, fifty years ago, Krapf buried his wife at Zanzibar and stood alone beside her grave he said: " Now is the time come for the evangelization of Africa from the eastern shore, for the church is ever wont to advance over the graves of her members." 'l'hat omen also is fulfilling for Arabia.

* Medical mission work last year: Out-patients, 6,033 (new, 2,469); visits in patients' homes, 620; number of in-patients, 161 (150 Moslems). There is also a book shop for sale of religious literature and Bibles. There are boys' and girls' schools, but the government does not allow any Moslem pupils; hence the value of the medical mission as the'only available means of reaching Moslems. t An account of the difficulties and the encouragements of their work appeared in THE REVIEW for October, 1897. ' t, Still another has since laid down his life for Arabia at Muscat. Geo. E. Stone. who went out to the field last autumn, had only just taken up the work which Peter Zwemer had laid d'Jwn, when he, too, was called to rest from his labors. – ' .——– – – — ——-;-~-:::.–;;—;—,—-;–;—–;–.,–;–:—- ~1t:~~',~ei;g.~-1 ~ I. !~ [1.1, ~ : ~~~ ~ U~ STATISTICS FOR 1898. MISSIONARY SOCIETIES. .~_:a0S,Qg).:…;. :l0 "r>:n:;:>- l"Q",) 1–;- ~~!-;- ~ ~ I' ~ Jrl:I."'~:-Q0.$Z Ea 8 o Church Missionary ~I~ ~ I ~ ~~,~ZI o ·iS. ~ ~~! ~ ~ ~6 I J] Society, Bagdad, 1882 6,033 I I : ' Keith Falcon"r Miss. (F. C. S.) Aden, 1887 2 2,- 2 1[' 4 Arabian IIlission (R. C. A.), 1889, Busrah, 311 17,866 – – I ! 5I' 2 I-::;;. -:1-; -(;- .!!,' B.B&ahFr.eBini,blMe Suoscc.atJ.B..a..g..d.a..d………………….. . …. ~ ~I'~ 32 , ~I' 116',~;.,' – * 4,- 458 l' 22,,04~107 1 18 (~) II I Aden………… " .. ..

Totals…………. …. ……. . . . . ,~~I~I~! ~I~r~ ~ – -* – one medical nlissionary at work .

Only BIBLIOGRAPHY.

1. Geogl'aphy.-(In alldition to the books of travel by the various authors referred to under each province.) Hilprecht's Recent Exploration in Bible Lands (1897). Stanford's Compendium of Geography, Asia, Vol. II, by Keane (1896.) Gibbon's Rome, Chapter L . Sale's Koran,Intl·oduction. Zehm's Arabien und die Araber seit 100 Jahren (Halle 1875), an exhaustive work reviewing all results of travel up to date. Sprenger's Alte Geogl'aphie Arabiens. Best general map is Phillip's (22 x 28 in., 32 Fleet St., London).

II. Politics and Hist01·y.-Badger's History of the Imams and Seyyids of Oman (1871). Dozy's Essai sur PHist. d'elIslamisme (1879). Sedillot-, Hist. gen. des Arabes (1877). Caussin de Perceval, Hist. des Arabes avant Islamisme (1836). Playfair's History of Arabia Felix, (1859). Wiistenfeld, Die Chroniken der Stadt Mekka, etc., etc. (1854-61). Burckhardt's Notes on the Bedouins and Wahabys, 2 vols. (–). Statesman's Year Book, Articles Turkish Empire, Bahrein, Aden. The onlYfaper that gives full accounts of recent political changes is Times of India, Bombay, Sept. 2 , 1898.

III. The People, their Language, and their Religion.-(a) Clark's The Arab and the Turk (1875). Lane's Modern Egyptians. Jessup's Women of the Arabs; and especially Doughty's Arabia. Deserta, 2 vols. (1888). Robertson Smith's Kinship and Marriage in Early Arabia. (b) Encyclopedia. Renan's Hist. Generale Lang. Semitiques. Wright's Compo Gram. of Semitic Languages. Grammars. Dictionaries. (c) Stobart's Islam. Tisdall's Religion of the Crescent. Haine's Islam as a Missionary Religion. (For list of works on Mohammedanism see Hugh's Dictionary of Islam and Bliss' Encyclopedia of Missions Art. Mohammedanism.) Also Missionary Review of World, Oct. 1898, etc. Bibliotheca Sacra., Jan . 1899. Church Missionary IntelligenceI', Jan. and Feb. 1899.

IV..Missions.-Missionary Review of the Wol'ld, Oct. '93, Oct. '95, Oct. '97. Free Church of Scotland Monthly (current numbers), Mission Field R. C. A., October numbers '93-'99. The Arabian Mission Quarterly Reports, leaflet.s and annual statements, 1890-'99 (25 East 22d St., New York City). Church Missiona.ry Intelligencer, Vol. XII, 1887, pp. 215, 273, 346, 408. Christian IntelligenceI', August 28th, 1889. Northfield Echoes, July 1898. Memorial of Ion Keith Falconer, by Robert Sinker (Cambridge 1800). Life of Bishop French, by Herbert Berks. The Setting of the Crescent and the Rising of the Cross or Kamil, by Dr. H. H. Jessup (1898). Mackay of Uganda, by his sister (1897), Chapter XIV. And on the first missions to Arabia, Wright's Early Christianity in Arabia (London, 1855).

-.""c:~,, ~~".- ­ (

MEDICAL MISSIONS: SAMUEL }<'ISK GREEN, M.D

MEDICAL MISSIONS: SAMUEL FISK GREEN, M.D.-II.

EDITOR-IN-CHIEF.

In a previous article the earlier years of Dr. Green and the period of preparation for his life-work have been outlined, with the entrance upon his medical mission career, up to 1851. Our space allows only a record of the main features of the remaining years of his later cventful and useful life.

In 1852, Dr. Evarts sharing the teaching, he was able to meet the demand for practice at the homes of patients more than before. He studied the people, and avoided no labor that would make him a wiser and abler helper of their needs. Finding secret vice prevalent, he prepared a tract at once to meet it.

In 1854-5 cholera visited Ceylon. 'rhe people availed themselves of "leg-bail." A day of fasting was kept by all the missions in December. In the Jaffna district alone there were reported for the year 8,000 cases, besides 2,500 of smallpox. But Dr. Green, tho never strong himself, was over ready to help others. The members of the mission had been spared hitherto, but in February, 1854, Rev. Daniel Poor died, and a few days later Dr. Green himself was violently prostrated. Intense anxiety prevailed lest this useful and lovable man should be also taken away, and there was corresponding praise when he was restored. He had, as he said, taken "medicine enough for a horse," and he felt his recovery to be like rising from the dead, for he had had not a little apprehension of a fatal termination.

When the old constable of Manepy died, Dr. Green sadly noted that years ago he had been the subject of the Spirit's strivings, but had gone, "trusting in ashes and the grip of a cow's tail." "Of course," he adds, " such a trust seems ridiculous; but is it not as good as the trust in one's own morality?"

In September, 1856, he noticed a symptom of pectoral weakness, if not disease, in himself. He was at the time bearing heavy burdens of work. During six months, 1,032 patients had been registered, and his literary work was vigorously prosecuted. With aid from his munshi and Rev. Mr. Webb, of the Madura mission, he completed vocabularies for chemistry and natural philosophy, revised his work on obstetrics, etc.

When, in 1857, his ten years of service were completed, it seemed to him his duty to take a respite from labor, and he left Oeylon October 5th, ten years to a day from the date of his setting foot on the island. Few men ever wrought such results in a decade of years. He had so mastered the hard tongue that he could preach in it directly from his English manuscript. He had publisht tracts, laid the basis of a Tamil medical literature, publisht two important works -translations from Outter and Maunsell. He had been connected with the treatment of over 20,000 patients, to whom, and as many more of their attendants, he had made known the Gospel remedies for soul-sickness. Twenty young men he had qualified for medicine and surgery, and some of them were teaching others.

En route to America, he visited Edinburgh by invitation of the Medical Missionary Society, and drew up an outline of his views on medical missions, which is one of the best pleas for the combination of the healing art with. Gospel work. He also attended various anniversaries in London, and visited other cities. The winter of lSfiS-9 he spent in New York, busy in his Master's work even when resting f,om his Oeylon toils.

Various matters kept him in America ulltil May, 1862, when he again set sail. He had been transfer.red by his own consent to the .Jfad1tlYt mission, Dr. Ward being appointed in his stead to Jaffna; but as Dr. Ward died on the voyage to Madras, in 1S60, Dr. Green, at his own request, was reappointed to his former field.

One thing which made his visit to America memorable was the finding of a wife-verily a good thing and a favor from the Lord. On May 22d, at a farewell missionary meeting in Worcester, he was married to Miss Margaret Phelps Williams, who proved in every way worthy of her noble husband.

RETURN TO CEYLON ANI)' A DIVINE DELIVERANCE.

In October, 1862, he, with his wife, was welcomed with enthusiasm in Manepy, his designated station, gladly resuming his manifold activities as medical teacher and practitioner, evangelist, and expositor, translator, editor, and everybody's counselor and friend.

Soon after his retul'll, he amI his wife had a narrow escape, which seemed little short of a miracle. Awakened at a critical moment, interpreting a slight noise as a danger signal, he hastened to seek the cause, and in returning for a key found himself in the only place of safety in the midst of a crash of his cl welling, and his wife, without a change of position, was lying e:cactly su that the falling weight had lodged without cr1tshing hel·.

This is so remarkable that it is given in his own words: I heard on waking the sound of mortar shelling off and dropping from the wall, and with this occasional sounds as of snapping and cracking. I rose to look out into the south veranda, as for several years the posts of it had stood leaning outward, and I had apprehensions lest it should fall. The rain had been persistent for about nine days, and the heavily-tiled roof was thoroughly soakt, so that the tiles were heavier than usual. I went through the east veranda, designing to go through the study to see about the one on the south. Finding the door leading from the study to it lockt, I was about to return for the key. While in the doorway, under shelter of the thick wall, the stone supporting the timber which ran along the top of the south veranda posts, fell from the corner of the study wall, and let the weight of the roof on to the post next it, which lurcht away, and then the next, and so on. These not only carried away the veranda roof, but dragged off the main roof also, in an instant uncovering entirely our bedroom and the study and half the south veranda, and letting down upon us an avalanche of timber, tiles, and mortar. For a moment I was mentally stunned by the crash, but recovering immediately, I called to Margaret, who was still in bed. I was glad, indeed, to heal' her voice from under the wreck, sounding as calm as ever. The dragging of the posts to the southward drew the weight just past her, so t~at it fell without injuring her; but where I was lying a half minute previous the tiles fell in in great quantity, the heavy chunks of masonry from the roof, and the ends of the rafters resting on what would have been the place of my mangled body. A step this way or that would have been death to either of us. A stick rested hard upon Margaret's head, which we got off (help being summoned immediately, and the day having dawned and the rain having just ceast), then one which prest on the shoulders, then one on the right leg. Not a drop of blood was lost; not a wound or a fracture. Literally she came within an inch of death, and I within a second of it.

Soon after his return to Jaffna, he was askt to take the superintendence of the hospital connected with the" Friend in Need Society," and with the approval of the mission lle consented to make a trial of it for three months. He at once reorganized the work for greater efficiency and economy. Some idea of the surgery made necessary may be seen from one record of August 7th, 1863.

Two Chank gatherers severely bitten by a huge shark. One has foul' bad, deep, large bites in his right thigh, and the other his right thigh bitten off, leaving as stump the upper third. We sawed off a bit of the bone which projected about three inches. Performed Simm's operation on an unhappy woman, and tapped a Moorman, making out a pretty good clinic for the thirteen students and three doctors present.

Here, besides all his other work, some 8,000 patients were annually treated, the worst cases being attended to by himself, and all under his oversight. After~ three months' trial, he concluded God was opening before him this new and effectual door of service, and he continued as its superintendent.

Dr. Green warned the natives not to confollnd civilization and Christianity, as tho changes in dress and diet and dwelling could be substituted for change of heart and life. Many who may be denationalized may still not be Christianized; better Christian Hindus than Hindus Europeanized.

HINDU ABOlUNATIOSS.

Meanwhile he rejoiced that light so increast in Jaffna that the head place of Siva was seen to be a den of infamy, and even the heathen began to demand reforms. All the Brahmans about that shrine were reported licentious and the temple was but partner to tho brothel.

He wrote of the Hindu religion: It is dovetailed into the whole social system. Astrologers must fix the day to build a house, and the propitious time for the thatching must come before the first leaf is tied on. In Batticotta women will, but men will not, kill a centipede; for once a woman tried to poison her husband by soup, hut a centipede faIling into it stopt his eating it, and so defeated her malice and saved his life.

What can he viler than the revered, sacred books! He who would faithfully translate Roo·rlll into English would become infamously famous; and sensual corruption pervades the very sanctum of idolatry. "Vhen heathenism sinks the Brahmans will sink with it, from deities to men.

Dr. Green compares Indian false religion to a huge banyan with ten thousand branches, far-reaching and rooting themselves anew in every direction, and the missionary force that is sent forth to fell it, he likens to a few puny white boys with plaything hatchets! Of the Hindu religion, he says with brief btl t awfully pregnant words: It is, perhaps, unsurpast in the absurdities of its ceremonies, in the vileness of its orgies, in the number and extent of its ramifications, in its power to blind the mind and defile the conscience, and in the tenacity of its hold upon successive generations. . . . Probably no missionary ever lived among the heathen long enough to discover even the greater part ·of their abominations; much is visible and more is inferred from circumstances. Enough, however, is open and common, to enable one in a short time to see that their condition has never been painted in too tlark colors. The more it is observed and studied, the more is the need of the Gospel remedy emphasized.

Caste, of course, nr. Green saw to be the great evil in the way of the triumph of Christ ill India. It is, as Dr. Lindsay has said, "a cellular structnre of society where the cells do not communicate."

It forbids association of class with class, and is far more exclusive than the barriers which forbade the Jews to have dealings with the Samaritans. Caste is worth more than education or property to the Hindu, and its loss is next to that of life as a calamity. It is, said Dr. Green, "a great mountain in the path of progress; human strength can never remove it. Perhaps we may tunnel it; but, oh, that the Lord would eome down that it might flow down at His presence and become aplain."

During a deputation's visit, and while they were about to ordain and install the first native pastor, the mission a'lopted, as part of the church covenant, a solemn renunciation of caste. Within a month there were nearly one hundred signatures to the anti-caste pledge; and Dr. Green's personal influence over 11is medical class led the members not only to Christ, but into His church at cost of everything.

During the ravages of cholera in 1866-7, this man of God found his hands full; but he assiduously applied himself both to body and sonl ministries. Health handbills were issued, and tracts on cholera, and the commissioners of government publicly conimended his tireless endeavors to abate the scourge. But he llever lost sight of his greater work to save souls from that second death, beyond which is no life.

In the summer of 1868, he summed up the results of his labor, since his return in 1862. He had led a class through two-thirds of their remaining course of medical study in English, graduating eight physicillls; and carried as many more through their whole course in the vernacular: 110 had trained three dispensers wholly in Tamil, and three more partially. He had made out six vocabularies, and completed four others; carried one large volume through the press, and prepared another; secured three volumes in manuscript, soon to be printed, and five more in crude stage, besides all his guidance of work which others had done.

Before the close of this missionary year he was compelled to resign his hospital superintendency, and in face of all pressure to remain, his resignation was final. The term of servico begun for three months as an experiment had continued to twenty-two times that period.

In the spring of 1869, Dr. Green was busy on the revision of the Physician's Vade 111ecum, a duodecimo of 791 pages. It was the hardest revision work he ever undertook, the "translation was bad, and the subject obstinate," and not until fifteen months later was the work completed. His health was very frail, and disease often showed its threatening symptoms; but the impossibility of creating a pure literature for the Tamils without 'Vestern aid kept him at work, and he had already come to be lookt on as a leader in the creation of science in the Tamil tongue. 1'he whole list of his works, printed in Tamil, amounted to nearly 4,500 octavo pages.

The place which medical literature can fill in missions Dr. Green both testified and tested. For instance, he says of the use of certain cuts in Dr. Smith's anatomical atlas, in connection with the work he was issuing on anatomy.

I regard a volume of this kind as most distinctively aggressive on Hinduism. There is a radical antagonism between the truths it will spread and the prevalent ideas here concerning the body. It should be shown that the body is the Lord's wondrous mechanism, and not the lodgment of divers gods, nor its vario1).s parts controlled by the constellations. With plenty and good illustrations the book will be doubly useful. It will be as different from ~ non-illustrated volume as daylight from dawn. These will advance one item at least of missionary work far toward that desired state in which "the light of the sun shall be as the light of seven days."

We have given unusual space to the outlines of this life, because, as a prominent authority on medlCal missions in Edinburgh wrote of him: " No (then) living missionary had had such lengthened experience, or done so much to extend the benefits of European skill, by translating and publishing a comprehensive medical and surgical literature in the South India vernacular, and by training native medical evangelists." This high" encomium still remains an undisl'mted tribute to his character, attainments, achievements, and general worth.

His incidental labors are not easily tabulated. Thousands heard the Gospel at his lips, who perhaps had never before heard it and never heard it again. Yet who shall tell the outcome! He found at the seaside, and by seeming accident, a blind woman who recognized the missionary doctor by his voice, and told him that, fifteen years before, she had fever and was healed at his dispensary, and that he told her about Jesus Christ; and she added. "I have prayed to Him ever since, and have not worshipt idols."

As another ten years, since his resumption of work ill Ceylon approacht its completion, the return of this distinguisht man to America seemed inevitable. During his two terms of service sixty- four had been trained in medicine (whereas only seven or eight had been before his advent in Ceylon), and over half these sixty-fonr in the vernacular; and a class of twenty were well started before he left. He had produced eight larger works, besides the smaller, and fonr were yet in manuscript. His graduates were filling important positions, "studding the province," and the hospital he had conducted for five years and a half was now manned by them, and had more patients than all the hospitals in the other provinces.

In September, 1873, Dr. Green and his wife and chilclren reacht the family home at "'orcester, and fOllnd that the HOll. Andrew H.

Green, whose fiue country-seat Green Hill is, had enlarged the ances- tral mansion, so that there were now separate and ample apartments for the" new arrivals." Here Dr. Green was to spend the well-earnecl rest of his later days, and from this home he was to pass to the "house of many mansions."

During these closing years ])r. Grecn did not cease to be Ii mis- sionary. Ill-health and absence from the field did not hinder all the service he (~oldd render. Translations an<1 llew compositions, corrp- spondenco, eon versation, pu blic addresses, and the constan t persuasi ve fragrance of his personality, kept up the" apostolic snccession" of holy labol'.

His letters were very numerous alJ(l singnlarly helpful, WIth II strange fitness to the party they addrest ancl the circumstances. We have seen few specimens of so voluminous a correspondence from which such epigrams could be selected. Take this for an example: Perseverance is a virtue; its extreme is persistency; its excess is pertinacity. All the virtues exist witldn the circle of love. Each is a sturdy spoke in the wheel of life. If anyone juts beyond the tire, its vicious length jars and jounces along to discomfort and danger.

Again; The Trinity of God exists also in His power, His wisdom, and His love. The first characterizes His volume of nature, the second His volume of providence, the third His volume of grace, altho in each all three of these qualities are clearly seen. Each of us has as much of God as He wills to have. "Vhoever will have the love of God, has all three. Whoever will have but the power will lack the other two. How terrible at the instant of disembodiment, to feel but the grace of power clincht into every crevice of one's being! How blessed to feel the enfolding of love, and to know it enwraps one forever!

-Order is the balance-wheel of business, and punctuality is the pivot of order. If God has given us all our time, first for Himself, second for our soul, and third for other things, what shall we say to Him if we use it mainly for the tertiaries P 'fo Dr. Green there were born four children between 1864 and I87l-three daughters and a son. While zealous for God's world-wide field, he did not forget these" olive plants" at home, bnt took untiring interest in their training, books and the world of nature, fauna and flora, with microscope and lancet, and above all the Bible, being his helpers; and with rare fidelity to God's ideal, he put first what belongs first, not the mental 01' physical, but the moral and spiritual.

Home rest brought recuperation, but slowly. He hoped to return to work and said, " Altho powerfully weak, we multiply half strength DISPENSARY AT KORADIVE, CEYLON, BUILT I~ MEMORY OF DR. GREEN.

by tenfold demand, aJl<l get the result of fivefold nsefulness," a goou specimen of his spiritual mathematics.

In 1880, he took whooping-cough from his own children, and it probably gave strength to the cOllstitutional malady long preying on his health; and at noonday of ;Vlay 28, 1884, with his Ohristian hope at its meridian, he past into the life that knows no end. His last words were a benediction, and his last legacy a self-oblivious decree: I wish that my funeral may be conducted a~ inexpensively as may consist with decency and order. Let the exercises be simply to edification; and of the dead speak neither blame or praise.

Should I ever have a gravestone, let it be plain and simple, and bear the following inscription, viz: (The last date was left blank, but is supplied to make the inscription complete.) sAMlTEL FISK GREEN, 1822-1884, MEDICAL EVANGELIST TO THE TAMILS.

JESUS MY ALL. —_.———-

CONVERSION OF NESTORIANS TO RUSStAN CHURCH

OONVERSION OF THE NESTORIANS 0]1-' PERSIA TO 'fHE RUSSIAN OHUROH.

BY REY. SAMUEL G. WILSON, M.A., TABRIZ, PERSIA.

~li8sionary of the Presbyterian Church (North).

The Nestorians of Urumia have long had presented to them a choice of Protestantism or Oatholicism. The American Mission and the French Lazarist Mission, besides direct missionary work, have dOlle much to protect them from oppression, and relieve them in famine and other distresses. Yet the Nestorians have not been content. Partly as a pretext for :religious mendicancy, partly with the idea of increasing the number of salaries and the outlay of foreign money, and also to procure protection from landlords and officials, representatives of the Nestorians have besought the help of Lutherans in Germany and Sweden, of Baptists and Methodists in America, and especially of the Anglican communion. The Rev. Dr. Baldwin, secretary of the Methodist Board, writes: "I have received applications from Armenians, Syrians, and Persians, who have desired to institute Methodist churches in their respective countries, saying that their consciences could not be satisfied with anything else, and tho they represented themselves as crying for Methodism more piteously than children ever cried for Oastoria, I turned a deaf ear to their supplications." Several independent agencies, for the benefit of Nestorians, have been started from Germany and England during past years, but the strongest pleas have always been made to the Ohurch of England.

As early as 1838 Patriarch Mar Shimun and other Nestorian bishops and clergy plead for a mission from the Ohurch of England, and Dr. Badger and Mr. Fletcher were sent for one year. From that time onward occasional appeals were made for English help. In 1868 a formal petition was made chiefly from Nestorians of the plain of Urumia to the archbishop of Oanterbury. The death of the latter pu t a stop to the project of a mission at that time, bu t in 1880 Mr. Wahl was sent by his successor, and in 1886 the mission was largely reenforced and regularly establisht. It has since been prosecuted with vigor, aiming to oppose Roman Oatholicism on the one hand, and Evangelical Protestantism on the other. Their purpose was to bring the Nestorians" to accept the truth as enshrined in the ecumenical councils." During these thirteen years the Anglican mission has undoubtedly had considerable influence in weaning the Nestorians from their ancestral faith, and preparing them to accept Greco-Russian orthodoxy. It, however, could not fully satisfy the mercenary spirit of the people, nor give them the expected degree of civil pro-" tection any more than the American or French Oatholic mission had been able to do.

The rayats still continued to suffer oppression, the officials still fleeced unfortunate litigants. The massacres of Armenians in Turkey and of the Nestorian Bishop, Mar Goriel, and his company of priests and deacons; the driving out of thousands of them from the mountains, greatly increast the feeling of insecurity of life and property. Finally the threatening attitude of the Mohammedan population, and fear of the repetition of the Geogtapa outrages, created such a panic among the people that they determined to seek the powerful aid of Russia. This is not the first time such aid has been sought. Bishops and itinerant priests have formally implored the czar's protection for their race by petitions and personal interviews. A Russian mission has often been expected, and a man of the past generation told Mr. Shedd that he remembered hearing it said, when he was a boy, that the Russians were coming before Christmas.

In the present instance, under the leadership of the Matran Mar Yonan, the only surviving Nestorian bishop in Persia, and of Mirza Joseph Khan Arsenius, who is known in America, an extensive petition was signed and carried to St. Petersburg. In response, a committee of investigation was sent to Urumia. It consisted of two priests of the Russian church, one a real Russian, and the other a converted Nestoriall colonist. They arrived on May 25, 1897. They were welcomed with boundless enthusiasm by thousands of the Nestorians, who thronged the road as they entered the plain of Urumia. Persuaded that their day of oppression was over, they received them as their deliverers, with songs and dances.* They had a triumphal procession through the Nazhi district, their propaganda being assisted in every way by the bishop and clergy. Events in Tabriz, too, helpt the propaganda. A Mohammedan mob was threatening the Armenian community of Tabriz, who were protected efficiently and energetically by the Russian consul, Mr. Petroff. The mustering of several regi. ments of OossackR on the border at J uIfa, to enforce quiet in Tabriz, gave a basis to all the wild rnmors of Russian occupation and military protection. Oertainly, many thought, Our time of deliverance from centuries of oppression is nigh. Others, who were desirous to resist the new propaganda, were threatened with the anger of the new master if they did not. accept his religion. Going from village to village, the delegation of missionaries planted before each a holy icon as their standard, and invited, cajoled, or threatened, as the case requir2<1. As a result, from 10,000 to 15,000 persons signed the petition.

• Compare Dr. Perkins' account of his arrival in 1835. •. We were welcomed with the strongest expressions of joy by all classes of that people, and with at least a high degree of satisfaction by the Mohammedan population. The Nestoriahs, in some villages, marcht out in masses to meet us, with their rude trum;:>ets and drums, to expre.s their gladness on the occasion."-Missionary Life in Persia, p. 42. The petitioIi is dated Superghau, Urumia, and begins, "In the name of the Father, and Son, and Holy Spirit. By the grace of the Life-giving Holy Spirit, we, the Syrio-Chaldean people, followers of Nestorius, determine to unite aga~n with the Greco-Russian, one, true, holy, Catholic, Apostolic Church, to unite free from deceit or insincerity, in truth and with a right heart, according to the words of our Great Chief Shepherd, the Lord Jesus Christ, that 'there shall be one flock and one shepherd.' Our fathers and ancestors, 14 centuries ago, were separated from the unity of the church, but hereafter let this iiivision and separation not be between our Nestorians and the Orthodox."

Then in 7 long paragraphs the signers declare that they receive and believe the teachings and decrees of the fourth General Oouncil, and the letters of Cyril of Alexandria, the';' General and 9 local Oouncils, and all the doctrines regarding the person of Ohrist, Mary, the Mother of God, the 7 Sacraments, and other points which may have been in dispute. After a final asservation that their words are true and sincere, the petition ends, "May the Almighty Lord God bless the union otthe Syrio-Ohaldean people with the Orthodox Ohurch."

At that time signers to this petition were sought chiefly in the Nazhi district of Urumia, and there practically all the old Nestorians, includiug their clergy, and the adherents of this Anglican mission, most of the Roman Oatholics (called Ohaldeans), at least a third of the Protestants, and some Armenians of that district besought the holy synod to receive them to the Orthodox fold.

Without waiting to canvass further, the delegation returned to Russia to report, a.cccompanied by Mar Yonan, priests and deacons, and some secular representatives of the petitioners. After their departure there was a considerable period of suspense, in which some of the converts returned to their former confessions, and those who had hastily begun to maintain an independent attitude toward their Mohammedan neighbors lived in fear and trembling.

On the report of the delegation arrangements were completed, and on March 25th, O. S. (April 6), an extraordinary session of holy synod was constituted in St. Petersburg. Mar Yonau, as a candidate for admission to the bosom of the Orthodox Ohurch, was placed before the door, as if a humble supplicant knocking at the door. The secretary of the holy synod gave information of this, and to the question of the primate, the metropolitan of St. Petersburg, the members of the synod gave unanimous consent that the supplicant should be admitted. They brought him and placed him where canuidates for the Episcopacy are accustomed to stand. 'rhen they had the creed read in the ancient Syriac language, after which his leader Abbott Theophylact read the same in the Slavonic, and Mar Yonan signed it, renouncing, once for all, all Nestorian doctrines. Then the primate askt, "Do you receive Bishop Yonan to the communion of the Orthodox Church ?," Ivanik, metropolitan of Kiev answered, "According to the 95th canon of the 6th general council, 1 regard it as proper that Bishop Yonan and those with him be received, retaining also their ranks." The rest of the members having signified consent, Bishop Yonan, having kist the cross that was upon the altar, came forth, and by this the reception was finisht regularly, tho the formal and public ceremony remained to the following day.

On that day a great conconrse gathered in the chapel of the Alexandro-Nevski monastery to witness the unique ceremony. Besides Bishop Yonan there were received at the same time a monk, two priests, and a deacon. They were publicly catechized according to the rites used in receiving heretics (see Rites and Oustoms of the Greco-Russian Church, Romanoff, p. 305), the metropolitans of St. Petersburg, Moscow, and Kiev were attended by innumerable ecclesiastics, and after again calling on the candidates to renounce all the errors and heresies of Nestorianism, they partook of the Mass. A magnificent feast was then served in the monastery, at which many high dignitaries partook, and at the same time a telegram of congratulation was read from his Majesty, the Ozar, in which he besought the blessing of the newly received bishop. (See" The Ararat" of Etchmiddzin. ) The establishment of a mission in U rumia was decided upon. A corps of missionaries was sent out. These were a monastic priest, Theophalact, a monasti~ deacon, and a married priest, Victor Michsalovitch, and his wife. On their way to Persia a considerable stay was made in Tiflis, and from 800 to 1,500 of the Nestorian colony, which resides there, were received by Bishop Flavian, exarch of Georgia. On their arrival in Tabriz they were met outside of the city by all the Russian subjects. The consul-general, who entertained them, gave a reception to the governor-general, the Amir-i-Nizam, in their honor, and the governor in turn invited them to dine with hi01, and gave them orders favorable to the propaganda, and authorizing it from the side of the Persian government.

On their return to Urumia their reception was not as demonstrative as they had received the' first timc, partly on account of a delay in a telegram, announcing their coming, and partly from fear of the resentment of the Mohammedans, There was less haste to enroll, and some of the former signers wisht to withdraw, but the requisite amount of pressure and threatening generally brought them to terms. Hesitation usually yielded to the various motives of gain, fear, family ties, etc., and in the course of a slow itinerary, from one district to another, and from one village to another, they have received to membership nearly all the old Nestorians, a large proportion of the Oatholics (Ohaldeans), a fifth or fourth of the Protestants, and a considerable number of the Armenians, especially in villages where they are mixt with Nestorians. 'rhe total number must now exceed 20,000.

In each village the church building was taken possession of, reconsecrated, and some icons and emblems of the Russian faith placed in it. In a few places, as at Geogtapa and Viseerabad, the old priest and many of his flock opposed the propaganda. There the churches were forcibly taken possession of. At Geogtapa the leaders of the village sent word that they did not wish to receive Orthodoxy.. '1'he missionaries came, however, and a few accepted the new confession. Then the missionaries proceeded to the c1mrch, and, finding the door lockt, broke it open, entered, and reconsecrated it and enrolled many more whom this display of force persuaded to pass over to the side which had the strongest backing. '{'he old priest appealed to the crown prince, who is acting governor-general of Azerbijan, but without result.

'1'here seemed to be some thought of taking exclusive possession of the cemeteries, which, until now, have been the common burialground of all Christians. If, in any case, the cemetery was the property of the old church, this would doubtless be legitimate, tho a departure from the courtesy of the past; but in the villages I believe the cemeteries are the gift of the landlords for the common use of his rrt.llats, so that any effort in this line will probably not be seriously made. Several attempts made to prevent Protestants from interring in the common cemeteries were doubtless without the knowledge of the Russian chief of the mission. It is stated that they plan to buy a large plot near the city of U rumia, and build a cathedral and school. In May, 1899, they, accompanied by many followers, made an extended visit to Tabriz, seeking the pressure of the Russian consul for the redress of grievances and relief from oppressions.

TH E CEREMONIES OF AD.MISSION.

The reception of the Nestorians to the Orthodox fold, is done in the way usual for admitting converts from other Christian churches, by a renunciation of errors, a confession of the Greco-Russian faith, and unction with holy oil. A confession of faith and form for the acceptation of members has been publisht ill Syriac, so that the people may know what is required of them. If there is mental reservation or deceit in the minds of the new COllverts ill accepting the terms, there is certainly no efforts to smooth the intellectual path, or make the terms easy for the candidate. There is no compromise. There must be unconditional surrender to the Orthodox Ohurch. The form used in the admission of the Princess Dagmar of Denmark to the Greco-Russian Church, on the occasion of her marriage to the czariwitch, which is found ill p. 305 of Romanoff Rites and Customs, etc., is the same as that used for the Nestorians, with variations to suit the doctrines and errors of the latter, as distinguisht frolll the Lutheran Ohurch.

"Wilt thou renounce the errors of the Nestorian Church and its falsities?" " I will." "Do you sincerely and with thy whole heart, renounce the errors of Nestorius, and all convocations, traditions, and statutes, and all Nestorian teachers and their teachings, which are contrary to the Holy Eastern Orthodox Church, and dost thou reject them? " " I renounce and reject them."

"Dost thou reject Nestorius, Theodoret, and 'l'heodorus, etc., and condemn them to anathema? " " I do." * Then the convert is specially called upon to accept Mary as the theotokos, the Mother of God, and to pronounce accursed whoever reject this doctrine, to confess that ill Ohrist there are two natures, God and man in one person, not two persons. Oonsent is r"lquired to the short creed, the ten articles of religion, including the ordinances of the seven General Oouncils, and traditions and canons of the Greco- Russian Church, the seven sacraments, transubstantiation, the invocation and intercession of saints, and veneration of relics and pictures. After this confession, absolution is given.

The convert is not rebaptized, but receives the sacrament of unction, which corresponds to confirmation. The holy oil used on this occasion is a pure vegetable oil, mixed with various spices, myrrh, mastic, incense, etc., and a particle of a relic. It is prepared only by the metropolitans. and is boiled in the chapel attached to the synod, and in the presence of other ecclesiastics. The priest dips a feather or a splinter in this holy oil, and makes the sign of the cross on the forehead, eyes, nostrils, lips, ears, breast, hands, and feet, at each time repeating the words, "The seal of the gift of the Holy Ghost." He then wipes the places with a sponge dipt in warm water, saying, "Thou art justified, thou are sanctified, thou art purified by the name of our Lord Jesus Ohrist, and by God's Holy Spirit, and thou art anointed with oil in the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Ghost, now, henceforth, and forever, Amen." The oil is supposed to convey the grace of the Holy Spirit, and to enable the recipient to continue the true Ohristian life.

When the name borne by the convert is that of Nestorius, or any name of a heretic, or any Turkish or foreign name not found in the Russian calendar of saints, it is changed for a new name, as for exam– pIe, Rahana to Abraham, Baba to Alexander.

If we look at the motives which prompt the Nestoriftns of Persia to forsake en masse the faith of their fathers, we find unanimous consent to the assertion that the motives are wholly worldly. I askt one of the prominent converts, "What is the reason you joined the • One convert, in answer to this question, began to curse and revile Nestorlus, and to compare him to the animals and consign him to the lower regions. He was told not to Interpret so literally. Russians?" "For civil protection." "What proportion of the converts changed their religion from conviction?" " None of them." BiEhop Yonan is reported to have examined the creeds and declared that he found practically no difference. Most would be ready to accept the principle enunciated to Mr. Shedd by a priest, that" he would accept whatever church wielded the biggest club," i. e., against the Mohammedans. One whose faith was" made in Germany," looking on the Russians from the side. of their political assistance, said, "God is very good to our little race, to raise up so many protectors for us." The zeal of the new converts for their religion is about as disinterested as that of the goldsmith described in Lalla Rookh, who fell in love with the diamond eyes of the idol of Juggernaut, and who afterward purloined them. They expect a redress of wrongs, protection from the oppressions of their landlords, from the exactions of Persian officials, and the fanaticism of the. Mohammedan priests and populace. The Russian influence is all-powerful in Azerbizan, and the way their priests can with impunity bring their whips down upon the looties in the streets of U rumia, and the cowed Persians fear to resent it, creates great expectation.

Then, too, the fear that the Neo-Russians would overreach and oppress their fellows who adhered to other creeds, h'ts led many to cast in their lot with the new movement. This is well illustrated by an incident. A Nestorian was irrigating his fields. A fellow-peasant came up and turned off the water to his own field. When askt why he did so, he replied: "I am able to, for I am a Russian." The first man thought it useless to resist, and walkt away to the village. Presently he returned and began turning the water back to his own field. When No.2 began to quarrel with him, he said: "Go away, or I will knock you down with my spade. I have just enrolled as a Russian, too." Up to this time they are not well satisfied with the measure of protection granted them, and the delegation to 'l'abriz returned only half content with the orders regarding lawsuits, property titles, inheritances, etc., received from the Persian government through eonsular intervention.

It does not seem that the rights and comforts of the Nestorians are less than they were fifty years ago. Rather increase of wealth, especially in gardens and vineyards, has strengthened the love of the world, and made it harder to accept "the spoiling of their goods." Upon the N estorians of this generation must rest the o}Jprobrium of having anathematized their church fathers and adjured the faith for which they suffered the loss of all things and became exiles in Persia. They return to the fold of Orthodoxy, not because they are persuaded of their errors or heresy, but from worldly and selfish motives. Whatever may be the fate of the 100,000 Nestorians nndef Mar Sldmall, the patriarch, ill Turkish Kurdistan, this much is evident, the Nestorian Ohurch has ceast to exist in Persia.

From a Russian point of view, the propaganda has much to recom- mend it. To them the results present themselves as a successful religious work, the winning of a heretical body to the true faith. It can well be believed that many of its promoters in Russia look upon the mission as one for the glory of Ohrist and the Ohurch, and as only incidentally political. But, as the London Times remarks, it annuls the boast of Ober-Procurator Pobiedonosteff that the Russian Ohurch was the most liberal in the world, because it never proselyted. Since the amalgamation of the Georgian Ohurch, with its more than half million adherents, in the early years of this century, the Russian Ohurch has met with no such success in drawing in the smaller Oriental churches. This will give it encouragement to prosecute religious propaganda with greater energy. The efforts to control the see of Antioch, the new missions lately opened in Syria and Palestine, the delegations of monks to Abyssinia, together with the successful mis- sion in Japan, lead ns to anticipate that the Greco-Russian Ohurch may before long enter upon an era of missionary activity that shall rival the efforts of the Roman Oatholic and Protestant churches.

As to the attitude of the other missions in Urumia, the Anglican mission theoretically rejoices in the retul'll of the N estorians, whom they count as heretics, to Orthodoxy, tho they can not but have a bitter feeling against those who pleadingly invited them to come, yet refused to yield to their teachings, bnt received at least outwardly those same teachings when they saw ill such action worldly advantage – The Anglican mission will withdraw from Persia.

The Roman Oatholics, tho they have lost so mauy of their com- munity, will certainly hold on and try to stem the tide.

'1'he Protestant mission (Presbyterian Board of U. S. A.) will stand its ground. 'rhe advent of the Russiall mission has beell a severe trial, but the "Evangelical Syriac Ohurch" has endured manfully. The insinuation that its membership had been gathered by mercenary motives, were without conviction, and would therefore flock to the Russian standard has been proved false. 'rhe fears of the friends of the mission, and the slurs of its enemics have alik'e been showll to be groundless. We call confidently hope that this community of 5,000 souls, tested and strengthened, will remain a permanent witness for reformed Ohristianity, and have lin abiding influence on the future evangelization of Asia. It is secure in its freedom nnder Persian law, and in the event of the province passing under the govel'llment of the czar, it will be entitled to toleration under the laws of the Russian empire. The mission, with a much restricted field, has an important duty to perform in strengthening and deve10ping the churches in character and Ohristian life, in independence and self-support, in depth of conviction, and perfection of 11101'als and grace,

JAN HUS: THE PREACHER OF PRAGUE

JAN HUS: THE PREAOHER OF PRAGUE.-III.

REV. GEORGE H. GIDDINS, ~f.A., LONDON, ENGLAND.

It is difficult to understand the precise ground of complaint against Hus, or rather to account for the extreme rancor of his enemies, unless it be that, as in the instances of Wiclif and Savonarola, his purity of life was so strong a protest to the corruption of his age. His work was not destructive, like that of Luther, at least in its com- mencement; nor was it, perhaps, in the strictest sense, constructive. He was mainly desirous of purifying existing modes by infusing them with a more righteous spirit. To him there appeared in the church as it was the possibilities of all needed reforms, and, in the simplicity of his faith, it was not so wholly corrupt as to render it impervious to the illumination and purification of the truth. He had not then sounded all its depths of depravity, nor measured the full compass of its crime.

And yet, perhaps, it is not quite so difficult to discover one very pertinent reason for the hatred of his clerical foes, when, in opposition to their ceaseless greed, we hear him, in his popular expositions at the Bethlehem chapel, insisting that "he who gives a single halfpenny for God's service while alive and well, profits his soul more than if, after death, he were to give as much gold as would reach from earth to heaven." This, indeed, would, if once believed and generally practi~ed, be the surest of all possible methods for cutting off the supplies. Again, priestly pretensions were firmly upheld by the enforcement of penance and pilgrimage, to which he opposes a teaching like this: "He who humbles himself to the meanest man, profits his soul more than if he were to go on pilgrimages from one end of the world to the other." And to the carefully-inculcated doctrine of saintly intercession, he protests: "He who holds the Lord God dearer than all creation, profits his soul more than if the mother of God, with all the saints, were to intercede for him."

During the archepiscopal rule of Zbynek Zajitz events had been shaping themselves slowly, but surely, toward those great issues which culminated in the conflict with the king, and during the next archbishop's rule in those greater events which led up to the decisions of the Oouncil of Oonstance. 'fhe burning of Wiclif's books had been followed by a reinstatement an.d reenforcement of the dogma of transubstantiation, and the apparition of the Inquisitors, the Franciscan Jaroslaw, and the Dominican Rvaczka, to try Nicholas of Velenovitz, and others, fOI' daring to preach, altho fl, duly ordained priest, without a special license.

Following the burning of the books, and the promulgation of the bull of excommunication, violent riots had taken place in many of the churches and public places of the city. Entering the cathedral on St. Mary Magdalene's Day, the rioters stopt the celebration of high mass, In other churches the people interrupted the anathemas hurled at the reformer with shouts of "You lie! " and in St. Stephen's swords were drawn and death threatened to the preacher if he dared to continue his calumnies. Severe reprisals followed, and the city was in a fer- ment until King Wenceslas put down the disturbances with a strong hand.

A powerful protest against the action of the archbishop had taken the form of a public disputation, continuing over five days, the vari- ous positions of Wiclif being defended by Hus, Zdislaw of Zoiretitz, J akau bek of Stribro, Procop of Pilsen, and Simon of Tisnow. The vacancy caused by the death of Zbynek was even – tually filled by the Moravian Albik, of Uniczow, the king's physician, one of the foul' and twenty candidates, all anxious for the rich emoluments and lofty honors of the post.

While all was ferment in Bohemia, stirring events were proceeding in Rome. Pope John XXII!., ill defiance of his rival Gregory XII" proclaimed a cru- sade against the latter's partisan, .

King Ladislaw d Naples, and promist an indulgence to all w110 should take part in it. This in- CONSTANCI!; CATHEDRAL. dulgenee was proelaimed In Prague by Wenceslas Tiem, the dean of Passau, who, as the papal representative, came hither for the purpose. To this Hus bravely and uncompromisingly prote~ted, and invited a public debate upon the subject in the great hall of the university.

One passage in this protest is very noteworthy: "No saiut ill Holy Writ has given indulgences to absolve from punishment and sin, during a certain number of days and years. Not one of our doctors haa ventured to name anyone of the fathers as haviug instituted and publisht these indulgences, and if these indulgences alleged to be so salutary to men have been dormant for more than a thousand years, the reason may probably be found that, during that period avarice had not, as in our day, reacht its culminating point. If such indulgences are available in heaven it would be Our interest to pray to God that constant war might be waged against the pope that he might throw open the treasuries of the churc' "

Little wonder is it that after such an undisguised rebuke as this, Hus was ordered to appear before the papal emissaries and the arch- bishop. Askt whether he was willing to obey the "apostolic commands," he replied: "I term the doctrine of Christ 'apostolic commands,' and, so far as the commands of the pope of Rome agree with that doctrine and these commands, I am willing to obey them gladly; but when I see the contrary I will not obey, even tho you place before me fire to consume my body."

Already there seemed to loom before him the flames of Constance, but this brave heart had never learned to quail. Dauntless he pursued his way, and if no other path should stretch before him than the path of pain, he would walk boldly on and win a victory through fire and death.

Party feeling was now running very high, opinions were everywhere conflicting, and at length a burlesque procession, arranged by one of the royal courtiers, Voksa of Waldstein, paraded the streets of Prague. From the Kleinseite to the Karloplatz it past, the princi·. pal figure in it being a student seated in a chariot, meretriciously arrayed in all the trappings of a harlot, adorned with handsome robes and silver bells that tinkled as he moved. Around him were suspended fac-similes of papal bulls, which the students, armed with swords and stones, and some hundreds in number, declared they were taking to be burned. Arrived at the place of execution, the documents were destroyed, amid the shoutings and congratulations of a great and excited crowd.

Tidings of these new disturbances reacht the king at Tocznsk, and, determined to restore tranquillity, he summoned the faculty of theology to meet him for conference at Zebrak.

While this conference was proceeding, and, at the instigation of Hus's former friends, Stephen Palecz and Stanislas of Znaym, now his deadly foes, it was resolved to recommence proceedings against the ever-widening influence of the Wiclifite ideas. Another and fiercer conflict was raging in the capital. Three young enthusiasts, Martin, Jan, and Stasek, arrested on a charge of publicly protesting against the preaching of the indulgences, were by the civil authorities beheaded on the street, altho a solemn promise had been given, on the application of Hus, that no evil should befall them. Their youth and blameless lives won the quick sympathies of the crowd, and Jan of Jiczin attended by an immense concourse of the citizens, followed their bodies to the Bethlehem Chapel, singing Isti sunt sandi and other martyr hymns.

These frequent outbursts while becoming intolerable to the king, were daily intensifying the hatred of the clergy to Hus, and through the tireless labors of the proctor Michael" de Causis" of Deutschbrod, their machinations were at last successful. HUB was excommunicated with "aggravation" and "re-aggravation." Not only he, but all who should dare to hold intercourse with him were included in ·the penalty. In whatever place he sojourned Divine service was to be suspended and his eternal damnation was to be decreed and symbolized by three stones being cast at the house in which he lodged. This notable decree arrived in August, 1412. Hus boldly protested against this iniquity and, looking upon the lamentable condition of the people produced by the interdict, and of which he knew himself to be the immediate cause, resolved, for the sake of peace and in the spiritual interests of the people, to retire from Prague; which resolution he carried into effect two months after the promulgation of the edict by settling in the tower of Kozi on the Luznitz, writing immediately on his arrival to his faithful friends at Bethlehem, and the lords in Parliament "to defend the freedom of the preaching of the Word of God."

Touchingly tender are the words he expresses to his followers from his place of exile: "Know, my dearly beloved, that it is in following the example and admonitions of Christ Himself that I should be to the evil-doers a snare to the eternal condemnatior., and to the just a source of sadness and mourning. I have fled away that unjust priests might not forbid the preaching of God's Word, and that ye may not for my sake be deprived of God's holy truth for which by God's grace I will willingly court death." "I have heard of your bitter trials, I too, dear friends, have been tried, but I rejoice that for the Gospel's sake men call me ' heretic,' and that I am excommunicated as a rebel." Again and again he writes, encouraging his followers to fidelity, and fortifies his own and their position by quotations from the gospels, from the apostles, the fathers and doctors of the Church-Jerome, Augustine, Gregory, Isidore, Bede, and Bernard. While Hus was thus away in his castle retreat at Kozi, Archbishop Albik, by a singular and simoniacal arrangement with the titular patriarch, had resigned his bishopric in favor of the Westphalian Courad of Vechta, bishop of Olmiitz, a former master of the mint and undertreasurer to the king.

In less than t.hree months Hus, who had been troubled with sore misgivings on the subject of his flight from Prague, fearing some taint of cowardice might attach itself to him and thereby much of his teaching might be marred, returned to the capital and began to preach again at his well-loved chapel, where, in his absence, his faithful disciple Havlik, assisted by the youthful Martin of Volyne, had ministered to the faithful band. The preaching was, however, almost immediately stopt by the influence of the opposing priests and at the request of the king, who was anxious for peace, and he again withdrew. The king successfully convokt the synod to inquire into the causes that were distracting the realm and injuring its prestige in the eyes of neighboring states, and, a little later, a special commission for the same purpose; but, altho they assembled and wrangled for awhile, both ended without any definite result.

At Kozi, and in all the neighboring country, Hus wrote and taught, and beneath the linden tree outside the Oastle, in fields and woods, in lanes and roads, he preacht to vast crowds of people attracted by his eloquence, yet still more by the simplicity of his message and the bravery with which he battled for the truth.

It was during this exile at Kozi Hus found time to write his magnltm oplts-"De Ecclesid "- besides other polemical tracts and treatises. His generous host, Lord John the Elder, dying, he removed for awhile to the neighboring town 01. Austi, and then accepted the protection and hospitality of his friend Lord Henry Left, of Lazany, at his castle of Krakovetz, on the outskirts of the town of Rakovnik.

His enforced retirement was, as in the case of .Luther at Wartburg, a season of literary labor. The comparative leisure and isolation enabled him not only to prepare his Latin works, but also to write in his Bohemian tongue a trenchant treatise upon" Simony," his "Postilla," brief homilies on the gospels, and expositions of the Lord's prayer, the creed, and the decalogue, "The Six Errors," "The Limbs of Antichrist," etc.

While away from Prague, John Gerson, the clever chancellor of the University of Paris, extracting some of the propositions contained in the treatise "De Ecclesid," wrote to the archbishop, pointing out what he deemed heresies in Hus, and what, perhaps, was still more dangerous, the democratic character of the book and its writer. This letter, and another complaint from the pontiff to the king as to the progress of the Wiclifian doctrines, still more accentuated clerical rancor against the exiled reformer.

It is not at all surprising that time-servers like Gerson, and others, should be stung by some of the sturdy truths he publisht from this retreat, as, for example, when writing on saintly innovation he says, "It is the genuine spawn of hypocrisy, an inexhaustible well-spring of superstition prejudicial to true godliness;" or again, when rebuking the luxury and sloth of the bishops, "They love better to follow the blessed Lord to Tabor than to bear His cross; It is to satisfy their vanity that so many idle ceremonies are provided, so many feasts and bodily pastures ordained, which are daily multiplied to dazzle the people's eyes and delude them into the vain hope of meriting eternal life by observing traditions. Better were it to practise charity, to multiply works of mercy, to administer the Holy Sacrament in the spirit of the Gospel, to exercise a more strict discipline." Here were words destined to live and echo. No longer was it a mere revolt-a revolution was foreshadowed in the work and speecll of this man. The dragon's teeth were being sown, and by and by, not only on the plains of Prague, but over all the continent of Europe, it mighty army should advance. Ladislas, the king of Naples, entered Rome on May 31, 1413, and John XXIII., under the altered condition of things, was forced to listen to the growing clamor for a general council, which should heal the breaches ever widening in the church. King Sigismund, of Hungary, anxious to end the lengthened schism so disastrously rending the church, eagerly favored the idea, and it was finally agreed to hold the council in the ancient city of Constance, to be opened November 1, 1414, and regarding Hus as one of the prime factors in the new movement so rapidly gaining ground, it was determined, on the promise of a saff 3Jnduct and an important hearing, to invite him thither.

Never in the long annals of the church was a council destined to be fraught with such far-reaching issues, with such stupendous import, or to be remembered with such undying infamy as this.

With the most sinister foreboding the guilty pontiff set out from Bologna for the old Swiss city, so soon to witness his well-merited, disastrous, and ignoble fall. "By Satan," he exclaimed, using his favorite oath, "already I have fallen," as within view of the lake his carriage was overturned upon one of the Tyrolean hills.

By those better acquainted with the true character of Sigismund and of the subordinate part he would be compelled to play in presence of astute ecclesiastics and inveterate foes, Hus was warned by the more cautious of his friends to place but little confidence in the promises, however specious they appeared. If Sigismund were even willing to accord him his protection, like another Pontius Pilate, he was doomed to yield to the dictates of a fanatical and infuriated crowd. But the brave man never faltered, and he intimated his intention to stake all in defense of God and the truth, and so, like Luther to Worms, he set out boldly for Constance. The terms of the safe conduct to this council of infamy were to all appearance frank and fair: "Sigismund, by the grace of God, king of the Romans, etc. To all princes, ecclesiastic and secular, and to all our other subjects greeting: " We commend, in our full affection, to all of you generally, and to each individual of you, the honorable master and teacher Jan Hus, Bachelor in Theology and Master of Arts, bearer of these presents. going from Bohemia to the Council of Constance, whom we have taken under our protection and safeguard, as also under that of the empire, desiring that you receive him courteously and treat him with all favor, furnishing him with every needful thing for the expedition and prosecution of his journey by water and by land, without charge to him or his in their entrances and departures for whatever reason, and calling on you to permit him freely to pass, to reside, remain or return, providing him, if need be, with passports duly en regle, for the honor and respect of the Imperial Majesty. "Given at Spires, 18th October, 1414, the third of onr reign as king of Hungary and the fifth as king of the Romans."

Such was the initial chapter in this most perfidious and treacherons of councils, the closing page of which was to be splasht with blood and scorcht in flame.

With clear prevision Hus armed himself with testimonials as to his orthodoxy and good faith from the bishop of Nazareth, inquisitor of heresy, the archbishop of Prague and the university, and on Oct. 11th, 1414, set out for Constance without waiting the arrival of the safe conduct, under the protection of Lord Wenceslas, of Duba; Lord Henry, of Chlum and Laccrubok; and the Knight John of Chlum.

Before starting on this eventful and memorable journey he took a most pathetic farewell of his devoted followers at the old Bethlehem chapel, who, like the faithful friends of Paul at Ephesus, were "to see his face no more." His devoted disciple, Jerome, embracing him, exclaimed: "Dear master, be firm, be constant, endure intrepidly, sustain boldly while leaning for support on Holy Writ, what you have preacht against pride, avarice, and the other vices of the church. If that task be too much for "you, if I learn that you are in dauger, I shall immediately fly to your aid."

How courageously that promise was redeemed the page of history records with pride.

There are some very tender passages in the pastor's farewell letter to his flock: "I set forth to appear before my numerous enemies, but I confide wholly and solely in God, the All-powerful, and in my Redeemer. I do therefore trust that He will give ear to my ardent prayers,-that He will make me to speak with prudence and wisdom, and that He will give me His Holy Spirit to strengthen me in the truth, that I may confront temptation, imprisonment, and the sufferings of an agonizing death. If my death is to contribute to His glory, pray that it may come quickly, and that He will grant me to bear my misfortunes with constancy. If it be better in the interest of salvation that I return among you, we shall pray God that I may return blameless from this counciL"

The bishop of Lubeck hastened to warn the people against the coming heretic, and Michael de Causis placarded the city with accusations against him. At Nuremberg Lord Wenceslas left by it speedier route to Constance to' receive the tardy letters of safe conduct, and rejoined the other members of the party on their arrival ill the city. Hus arrived at Constance on the third of November, and found lodgings with a good woman named Fida, in the St. Paul's Strasse, where for some days he sojourned peacefully, charmed with the gentle grace and generous hospitality of this « good widow of Zarephath," as he called her.

(To be continued.)

'160 MISSiONARY DIGEST lJEPARTMENT

H.-MISSIONARY DIGEST DEPARTMENT.

THE FUTURE OF TURKEY.* tn its Asiatic possessions Turkey covers almost all the regions associated with the empires of the ancient world, and almost all the countries referred to in Bible history. It contains Asia Minor, the valleys of the Euphrates and Tigris-with the ruins of ancient Babylon and Ninevehand the regions of Syria and Palestine. It has within its borders the supposed site of the Garden of Eden, the mountain of Ararat, associated with the Flood, Ur, the birthplace of Abraham, the city of Haran, where he long dwelt, the desert of Arabia, the land of Palestine-now lying almost waste, but once so bright and fertile, and again to become the center of the beautiful regions of the earth. This one empire, now so ignominious, so cruelly governed, so trodden down and hindered in development by injustice and oppression, so wretched to numbers of its inhabitants, covers regions of great fertility and beauty, of natural wealth unbounded, if its resources could be freely developt. It has its many desert regions, but it possesses in most parts of Asia Minor and of the valley of the Euphrates and of Palestine, soil of the utmost fertility, which would be as the garden of the world-if ruled by just and righteous rulers.

Travelers visiting these regions at present are often disappointed. It is a country depending immensely on artificial cultivation, and, therefore, utterly changed in aspect by its long desolation. Like some beautiful, neglected garden, it has become the most painful and waste of all scenes. Butitisa country which could be restored, and speedily restored, to its former beauty, if there were security for the expenditure of capital in rebuilding the terraces on the hills, planting fruitful trees, restoring the vines, renewing its soil,. and protecting it from the waste of heavy rains and tempest. The Jewish colonies establisht by Baron Rothschild of Paris, in recent years, where many Jews are now cultivating.the soil, have converted regions perfectly bleak and waste before, into beautiful prolific regions abunding in fruits, and vegetables, and cereals of different kinds. Those who have visited their colonies have been struck with the contrast of these carefully-cultivated regions and the waste aspect of the surrounding country.

But it is not Palestine alone within the Turkish dominion that has such resources, hindered in their development by a government of robbery and violence, but great regions of Asia Minor, and the rich, farextending valleys of the Euphrates and Tigris. These most prolific regions of vast extent are all crusht down by the weight of what might be termed a lawless government. There is not only no stimulus to industry, but there is every possible hindrance· to it. Industrious prosperity is viewed askance, and those who attain to it to any visible extent are watcht by the farmers of the taxes, great and small, and victimized. They are ruthlessly plundered, and if they show any dissatisfaction, are often sent, as suspects, to some wretched dungeon, to starve and possibly to die, while the fruits of their industry are being stolen. A more oppressive government than that which has so long misgoverned all these regions now called Turkey can scarcely be imagined. Under its auspices, progress and improvement are perfectly impossible.

*Condenst from the Mission World (London).

THE FUTURE OF TURKEY

The massacres of recent years, under the direction of the present sultan, have become as a tale of the past, but they must never be forgot- ten, and they render everything insecure for the future. That the best, most industrious, and successful part of the population, a people living in quietness, should be suddeniy seized, tortured, massacred in cold blood, their women, who are the most refined women of the country, dragged away to slavery and unspeakable misery; husbands and fathers and sons murdered before their eyes-affords one of the most harrowing pictures of lawless government in ancient or modern history. Such a power can not last, and it must be the prayer of every .one right minded to the just Ruler of all, that it may speedily be brought to an end. There are noble instincts in numbers of the Mohammedans, which lead them to detest the present system, and which would make them rejoice in its overthrow. Weare told that when Mohammedans from Turkey meet in the pilgrim_ age to Mecca Mohaminedans of India, and hear from them of the just administration of law to rich and poor, official and non-official alike, they wish ardently that they had such rule among themselves. It is not only the Ohristians who suffer, but the poor and industrious Moham- medans.

The present state of Turkey is intolerable. What are its prospects? If it were not for the jealousies of the great Powers, the evils that pre- vail might long since have been removed. It is pitiable to see the help- lessness with which the great civilized countries of the world lookt on, while the massacres were proceeding slowly, month after month. A more humiliating sight has never been witnest. It was no fear of Turkey that restrained them. Anyone of them, probably, could have crusht it, but all combined could at once have put an end to these cruel scenes. Yet no action was taken. Ve hope that this will never occur again. If others hold back, let Britain and America determine to act together, and defy the world, rather than permit such murders to be perpetrated. There is no certainty as to the discontinuance of such scenes in future; while at present this wretched government is crushing down the poor Armenian remnant by actually exacting taxes from widows and orphans-unpaid, they say, during the years of the massacres. A strong united protest should be brought to bear against such cruelty. The Turkish government is also attempting to shut up the orphanages provided for the children of the massacred.

Russia, and perhaps France, from jealousy of England, are the great hindrances. Russia hopes to preserve this region for herself, and, therefore, wishes no one else to interfere with it. But the future, if these regions were under the rule of Russia, would not be hopeful. The emperor of Russia is personally, we believe, humane and generous, but he is not, as shown in the case of Finland, master of the position. The Greek Ohurch, full of idolatry and corruption, as guided by the chief ecclesiastics, is most intolerant. It determinedly crushes out religious liberty and evangelical life. It would probably attempt to put a stop to all missions, and to education, intelligent as well as religious, which has made such progress in Turkey in recent years. The power of Russia, not so cruel and capricious as that of the Turks, would be much more likely to endure. It would be a permanent oppressive yoke.

Happily, there is already much light diffused, especially through the American colleges and schools and churches thickly planted with many' able and faithful and well-instructed native pastors, men of earnestness

llUSSIONARY DIGEST DEPARTMENT

and devotion, who proved their faith in the recent trials by preparing to suffer death rather than deny their Lord. The Gregorian Ohurch, the national church of the Armenians, is itself greatly changed. Many Mohammedans also are in secret friendly to the evangelical movement. It may be that God will lead the people out of their captivity in some unexpected way, and that peace and liberty and just government will be secured.

The best solution would probably be that intended by Midhat Pasha and other reformers [cruelly put to death], viz., a united free government by intelligent Mohammedans and Ohristians. There are many enlightened Mohammedans who regarded with horror the scenes enacted in the massacres, and not a few who riskt their lives in protecting the Ohristians. And almost all educated Mohammedans in Turkey are liberal in their sympathies. Oonstituting the vast majority of the people, Mohammedans could not fairly be excluded from power. A free government, Mohammedan and Ohristian, under the protection of We enlightened powers, would probably be the best solution, and it is, perhaps, not so impossible as we might be ready to imagine. Under such a government, with the spread of intelligent Ohristia,n education and full religious liberty, genuine Ohristianity would probably make rapid advances. Very special prayers for the future guidance of this region, one of the most important in the world, ought to be continually offered up; that God may so direct its affairs that it may become a center of enlightenment and blessing, and guard it from the blight of the control of dark superstition. Turkey may sometime be broken up into different states, Palestine being repeopled by the Jews.

PROTERTANT OHUROHRS IN OONSTANTINOPLE.* BY REV . .JOSEPH K. GREENE, D.D.

Travelers who come to Oonstantinople are happily imprest by the magnificent sites and the beautiful buildings of Robert Oollege, the American Oollege for Girls, and the Bible House. They see, however, no Protestant churches, and hastily conclude that missionary effort in Oon· stantinople is confined to educational and literary work. A respected deacon from Park Street Ohurch, Boston, who was here some years ago, exprest this judgment in almost the above words. Fortunately he was persuaded to remain over the Sabbath, and went to several Protestant services and to the Sunday-school, of some four hundred pupils, at Gedik Pasha. He had opportunity to see only a part of the ten regular evangelical services of the Sabbath, in the Armenian, Greek, and Turkish languages, not including the regular religious services in English in the two colleges. Of course, the impression on his mind would have been much stronger, could he have seen the evangelical worshipers, averaging from six to eight hundred, gathered together in one well-appointed church; and still stronger would have been his impression could he have known that these native Protestants represent a survival under the most discouraging circumstances.

In the first place, no one of the three evangelical churches of Oon- • Condenst from the Missiona,,.y Herald (Hoston).

PROTESTANT CHURCHES IN CONSTANTINOPLE

stantinople has ever had a house of worship of its own. The first Armenian evangelical church, organized in 1846, has from the first been dependent for a place of worship on the kindness and forbearance of the German and Dutch embassies. The congregation, however, has had the use, first of the German, and now for many years of the Dutch chapel for only one hour of the Sabbath, and has had no place whatever for a Sunday-school or for week-day religious and social gatherings.

The second Armenian evangelical church, organized in 1850 in the Langa quarter of old Stamboul, and hence called the La~ga church, up to 1894 worshipt in private houses, and since then has· made use, when the weather would allow, of a rough board structure, without floor, ceiling, or glass windows, erected in a single night some weeks after the earthquake of 1894. This structure, which the police have ever been watching for a pretext to pull down, and on which they permit no repair, stands on a beautiful site in the quarter called Gedik Pasha, a site purchased in 1880 for the erection of a church. A large part of the sum necessary for the erection of the church was given years ago by a devoted friend of missions, but to this hour permission to build has been sought in vain from the Turkish authorities. In rain and shine, in heat and cold, the devoted congregation crowds into this rough shanty for an hour's service on the Sabbath, but has no suitable place of its own for a communion service, Sunday-school. prayer meetings, or social gatherings.

The Greek evangelical church, organized in 1888, has also been a beggar, and has the use for one hour on the Sabbath of the little chapel of the Swedish legation. It, too, has no place for a Sunday-school or a week-day meeting.

That under such discouraging circumstances these three churches, composed mostly of persons in very moderate circumstances, at first persecuted and then frowned upon by the old churches, living in the atmosphere of a very worldly and pleasure-loving city, should not have disintegrated and disappeared, but, on the contrary, should now have a total membership of 265 men and women; that, in spite of the losses and terribly hard times of the past four years, the first Armenian church should be still maintaining preaching at its own expense, that the second Armenian church should be paying more than half of the salary of its pastor, and that the Greek church of forty-five members should have contributed $220 a year for religious and charitable work-these facts prove that the evangelical Christians of Constantinople love the truth and prize the Gospel of our Lord Jesus Christ. Had they been influenced by any mercenary motive they would long since have gone back to the old churches; and the fact that even in the second and the third generation, without a church edifice, without a Sunday-school or a common school of their own, they still cling to the Gospel and maintain evangelical preaching, with very little help from the Board, affords the best evidence of the presence of the Spirit of God, and of the perpetuity of the work.

It does one good to worship in the rough shanty at Gedik Pasha, with feet on the ground and eyes looking up through the cracks and the open windows to heaven, to listen to the burning words of the devoted pastor, and watch the earnest faces of the young people who compose the congregation. Had this church a suitable place of worship there is no doubt that the audience would soon be doubled, and would speedily become a strong and self-supporting body. The same happy result wonld doubtless follow in Pera, the large quarter where the Europeans

MISSIONARY DIGEST DEPARTMENT

mostly reside, had the first evangelit:al church a suitable house of worship there. Encouraged by the fact that these two evangelical churches have held on their way so long and so bravely, that both these churches have sums safely invested, the gifts of native and foreign friends, which would go far toward erecting two suitable edifices, and that the second church has at Gedik Pasha a very beautiful site, let their friends in America pray to the Lord of Hosts that he may favor this branch of Zion, and may prosper these evangelical brethren in their efforts to build houses for His worship.

A MOHAMMEDAN V~EW OF THE MOHAMMEDAN WORLD."

The following is a translation by Geo. F. Herrick, D.D., Constantinople, Turkey, of the leading article in a morning edition of the Servet, an illustrated Osmanli newspaper with two daily editions, a morning one in Turkish and an evening one in French. It was publisht in the midst of Ramazan, and the sacred caravan had just started for Mecca, but it was no anniversary or special occasion; and there was no extravagant adulation of the Kalif, as there is apt to be on such occasions. Similar articles often appear, as stimulus to the Pan- Islam spirit. The utterance is that of an intelligent and faithful Mohammedan. The style is the clean, clear, dignified literary Turkish of the time. If it is weIl for us to see ourselves as others see us, may it not sOIiletimes be well to see others as they see themselves? The article reads: It is known to our gentle readers that if a picture were to be drawn of the hostile criticisms and attacks that have been delivered against the Mohammedan world up till the present time by our various opponents, it would present a fearfully gloomy aspect.

The Mohammedan world will shine like the sun, and its splendor can never be hidden; its righteous laws and statutes also, like the light of truth, wiII never be obliterated, but will last till the resurrection, and, as the holy tradition has it, will successfully face all vicissitudes of time and place, all changes and overturnings, and move right onward in the path of progress.

From the advent of the glorious faith of Islam to the present time, now more than 1,300 years, it has advanced, till now the adherents of this saving faith number nearly 400,000,000, or more than a fourth of the entire population of the globe, and, please God, in a few centuries'its enlightening power will have penetrated to the darkest places and the most opprest peoples of the habitable world; for Mohammedan justice and clemency is not only a divine blessing to those who are uplifted by this noble faith, but also has been an asylum and peaceful refuge for adherents to other faiths and religions, so that very many belonging to non-Islamic religions, when unable longer to endure the pressure and interference of those various governments professing their own faith, to which they were subject, have, by troops, migrated to Mohammedan cities, and found safety and subsistence.

For example, in the early centuries of our history, non-Mussulmans came from every quarter of the world, to cities, towns, and villages purely Mohammedan, and in respect of persons and property, religion and honor, found perfect freedom and safety; and their numbers and prosperity are conspicuous to-day.

• Condenst from The Independent (New York).

THE PRICE OF MISSIONARIES

As regards the whole human race, works of justice and equity have their origin in the holy laws and commandments contained in the glorious Koran, the foundation of Islam, and it is plain that on these rest the blessedness of all true believers in one God, in both worlds, and also the material welfare of the non-Mussulman nations and peoples.

fslam flashes light upon truth and leads to blessedness; guides its possessors to salvation and felicity; awakens and arouses its opposers.

Islam is like a human body, so that from east to we:;t, and from north to south, all over the world, wherever a Mohammedan community or tribe is found, all are regarded as members of one body, whose soul is the high place of the Islamic Caliphate, so that the preservation of the organized life of soul and body rests on the fact that the individuals that compose this great Mohammedan people consider themselves united in fraternal bonds; and the needs of a united Islamic faith are confirmed by many verses of the Koran and by holy traditions. Saying our prayers with the congregation and making the pilgrimage to Mecca promote Islamic unity.

When the history of Mohammedan nations is studied, it is seen that whenever the character and conduct of individual Mohammedans has conformed to the sacred Islamic law, and they have stretcht out to each other the hand of fraternal help and have chosen the way of righteousness as the highway of peace, there has been found the highest prosperity, and there has been attained the greatest success in services, both religious and national, undertaken in behalf of our people.

Praise and thanks be to God! As our glorious Mohammedan law is for both worlds-a guide to civilization and to eternal blessedness-let our lives be conspicuous for holiness.

THE PRICE OF MISSIONARIES.* The market price of missionaries is rising in China. Germany sent up the rate at a bound a year ago, when one of her proselytising subjects was murdered in Shantung. France has now outdone all other nations by presenting the Chinese government with a demand for enormous compensation for the prolonged imprisonment of Father Fleury, who was seized last year by the rebels in Sz'chuen. Father Fleury escapt with his life, tho he was rather roughly handled by his captors. But Franc" is so concerned at the treatment he received that she will only consent to be pacified for the insult offered through him to the French nation upon payment of a sum equivalent to £200,000 sterling ($1,000,000), together with a concession of certain mining rights in Sz'chuen. If that is her assessment of the injury involved in the case of simple capture, what will be the size of her bill for the murder of Father Victorin, a French subject, who was killed a few weeks ago in the interior of China under circumstances of revolting barbarity? Surely nothing less than a million pounds and the cession of a couple of provinces will suffice to assuage her wrath?

By their extravagant demands France and Germany have reduced the whole system of claims for compensation for missionary outrages to a flagrant absurdity. The cynical use of the bodies of slaughtered * Condenst from The Times 0/ India.

MISSIONARY DIGEST DEPARTMENT

missionaries as pawns in the great game of international intrigue in China is a scandal to the churches and to all Christian nations. Mis- sionary enterprise in the Far East is being brought into unmerited contempt in the eyes of the people. If the blood of martyred pioneers of the faith is to be shed for no better purpose than to open a protected path for mine exploiters and stock-jobbers, it were far better to leave China to her ancient creeds. We do not say that when missionaries are murdered or assaulted retribution should not be exacted. The missionaries are entitled to protection under treaties, and European governments are justified in obtaining prompt reparation for every outrage committed upon them. But reparation is one thing, and wholesale spoliation another. The Cross was not raised in China in order that the nations of the West might fill their coffers and seize harbors and extort mining concessions whenever one of its bearlilrs was struck down by the hand of fanatical hatred. Nor do the earnest men who are working in China to-day for the Christian religion-with certain notable exceptions which need not be specified here-desire that if they meet with an untimely end their fate shall be made the pretext for the material aggrandizement of the country to which they belong. Going forth, as they do, in a spirit of self-abnegation, they bitterly resent the mockery now being cast upon the holy cause which claims their devotion. But that the governments of France and Germany have come to look upon their labors and their sacrifices from a very different standpoint, is clear from an examination of the compensation claimed for various missionary outrages during the last sixteen months. The following table is incomplete, but it gives the principal Gases dliring that period, with details of the "recompense" obtained: HOLLAND.-Mr. Peter Rijnhart, murdered on the borders of Tibet. No compensation claimed.

UNITED STATEs.-Native medical assistant murdered at the Chungking Mission. Small indemnity paid, two prominent officials dismist, building granted for use as hospital.

GREAT BRITAIN.-Mr. Fleming and native Scripture reader murdered. Indemnity of about £2,750 granted, murderers executed, prominent local officials degraded.

GERMANY.-Missionary murdered in Shangtung. Substantial indemnity granted, officers concerned in outr"ge punisht, promise giving to build a cathedral at cost of Chinese government, monopoly of railway and mining rights in province of Shangtung granted, and port of Kiaochau leased for 99 years.

FRANcE.-Father Fleury imprisoned by rebels. Sum equivalent to about £200,000 demanded, together with mining rights in Sz'chuen. Father Victorin murdered; no claim yet presented.

It is time that the Christian churches raised a protest against such preposterous claims as those contained in the last two items. While insisting upon receiving proper protection for their missionaries, they should lift their voices against any further attempt on the part of great governments to seize lands and gold as the price of their murdered representatives. The full penalty should be inflicted on the guilty, officials convicted of complicity should be punisht, and a reasonable indemnity should be exacted when persons dependent upon the unfortunate victims are left without means of support. But the cause of Christianity should not be made subservient to huckstering for harbors and mines and railway concessions. The Protestant churches at work in China are already opposed to these tactics of spoliation, and we do not believe that the central authorities of the Church of Rome give the new system their approval.

JOSEPH RABINOWITZ, OF KISCHINEW, RUSSIA

JOSEPH HABINOWITZ, OF KISCHINEW, RUSSIA.'- 13Y REV. SAMUEl, WILKINSON.

One more faithful witness gone from elLrth to he for ever with the Lord. No greater loss than this could have befallen the J ewish mission, for there seems no one to take his place in East Europe. Joseph Rabinowitz past away peacefully on May 17, at one o'clock in the morning.

The name of Rabinowitz was perhaps especially widely known among Jews in Russia, for his position and testimony were unique.

He was brought up in Kischinew, adopted the profession of law, and became a man of eminence and commanding influence among his own community as a scholar, a philanthropist, and a lover of his nation. He became also a remarkable H ebra ist and a painstaking student of the Scriptures, and of Jewish litera- ture. He seemed to li ve in the soul of the Hebrew language. He interested himself in all matters a ffecting the well-being of his own community, was instrumental in founding Jewish schools in his city, and was beyond reproach among his Hebrew brethren as a noble and respected member of the Syna- gog. During the time of the persecution of the Jews in South Russia in 1882, Rabinowitz became the zealous advocate with his com- patriots of the repopulation of the H oly Land. In order to discover ways and means for this he set out himself for Palestine, and from the time of his return there com- menced a complete revolution of his religious convictions. Before JOSEPH RABINOWITZ. starting on this journey he equipt himself with a number of books, among which was a copy of the New Testament. 'Vhile walking about Zion and gazing upon its historic sites, he carried this treasure in his pocket unopened. Going one da y to the bt·ow of the Mount of Olives, he sat down on that sacred hill and began to contemplate the city as it lay at his feet. Then carne this train of reflection and questioning: "Why this long desolation of the city of David? Why this scattering of my people to the ends of the earth? Why these fresh persecutions breaking forth against my people in almost every country of Europe?" While he pondered over these sad questions he gazed toward the r eputed Calvary, where that Holy Prophet of his nation had been crucified. As he did so his eyes were opened. He lookt npon Him 'Yhom his nation had pierced.

In a flash the truth entered his heart: "We have rejected our Messiah!

hence our long casting off and dispersion hy Jehovah!" He believed; he cried out to Jesus, "My Lord, and my God!" and, almost as suddenly as Saul of Tarsus, Joseph Rabinowitz, from being a H ebrew of the Hebrews, had become an I sr aelite of the New Covenant, a disciple to • Condenst from Trusting and Toi /.ing in Isru.rs )jeha lf,

MISSIONARY DIGEST DEPARTMENT

Jesus of Nazareth. He took out his New Testament, a guide-book in a sense undreamt of, and read the first passage that fell under his eye: "I am the vine, ye are the branches ..• without Meye can do nothing." "I saw in the twinkling of an eye," said he, "that our Jewish bankers, with their millions of gold, can do nothing for us; our scholars and statesmen, with all their wisdom, can do nothing for US; our colonization societies, with all their influence and capital, can do nothing for US; our only hope is in our brother Jesus, whom we crucified, and whom God raised up and set at His own right hand. Without Him we can do nothing."

Thus he became converted to Christ. And his conversion was remarkable, first of all, that it was not produced by the influence of any Christian missionaries, but by force of circumstances and of the Holy Spirit on the written Word. Second, that it was that of a man of note and influence, and of undoubted honesty, who transferred all that influence at once to the cause of his newly found Lord, making his watchword, "Our Brother Jesus." His testimony of faith was made openly, and, as one would expect, became the signal for persecution from every quarter. The Jewish press generally anathematized him; they of his own honsehold became his foes. But he joyfully and boldly maintained his testimony, preaching with much power and eloquence, till little by little the enmity was softened, and one after another of his owd' family joined him in confession of Christ. In 1885 he was baptized by Professor Meade, of Andover, Massachusetts, resident in Berlin. It was arranged that he should be held free from all official connection with any organization, that his testimony might be the more powerful and acceptable to his brethren in Russia.

The work of Mr. Rabinowitz in Kischinew may not be striking in itself, but it has been much further reaching than the limits of Somerville Hall, his preaching chapel. The name and the testimony of Rabinowitz are well known among the Jews in Russia, fresh faces are to be seen in the Hall every Sabbath, and the printed sermons and tracts are widely circulated. The last booklet by Mr. Rabinowitz is entitled " Jesus of Nazareth, the King of the Jews."

Spiritually and mentally Rabinowitz was a remarkable man. His love to the Lord was intense. " To us," he said at table, " Jesus Christ is a reality. He is not a creed, a form, a religion. He is our King, our all. We must not live or work for men, we must seek only to please Him." He dwelt much in conversation upon the passage, "that through patience and comfort in the Scriptures we might have hope." "To have patience in our life in the world," he said, "we must derive our comfort from the Scriptures, and both working together give us hope." His great power of apt illustration reminds one of Spurgeon. Rabinowitz's illustration of the lost wheel to the carriage, which was sought for in front, not behind, setting forth how the Jewish nation is seeking for a Messiah still to come, instead of going back to Him who has come, and the loss of whom to the nation has caused them such a painful history, is well known. Another equally forceful picture of the Jewish nation's suffering is that of the internally wounded man. The doctor passes his hand over the body, he presses the arm, the chest, but the patient makes no complaint, till at last he touches a spot which makes the sick man cry with pain. " I speak to my people," says Rabinowitz, "of their fanatic adhesion to the Talmud, I show them their love of mammon and the world; they raise no objection, they agree these things are so; but when I mention the name of Jesus Christ, 10, they shrink with horror. There -there, in their rejection of Him-is the cause of Israel's pain."

RECENT ARTICLES ON MISSIONS AND MISSION LANDS

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE RABINOWITZ MOVEMENT.

Now that the beloved man of God has been called away from earth, his own personal ministry finisht, it is well to reflect on the significance of that form of testimony to Israel that was associated with his name.

When the London Rabinowitz Council was first formed in 1887 to supply Mr. Rabinowitz not only with material means, but with sympathy and counsel, Dr. Saphir wrote: The importance of the movement in South Russia must be estimated, not by its numerical strength, but by its intrinsic character. It must be viewed in connection with the present condition of the Jewish nation, and in the light of the Prophetic Word. A crisis is evidently approaching. Talmudism and the attempt to modernize Jndaism, and to reduce it to rationalistic Deism, have both failed and proved themselves to be without vitality, and yet the national consciousness has been roused and strengthened lJy the recent experiences of the antisemitic movement. The Je-vish mission has been abundantly blest, to a greater extent than is generally believed, not merely in numerons conversions, but in spreading the knowledge of Scriptural and vital Christianity among the Jews, and circnlating the New Testament. But in our missionary efforts among the Jews we have dwelt almost exclusively on the conversion of individuals, who found a spiritual home in Christian churches. The consequence of this has been that we have not imprest sufficiently on the Jews that the Gospel does not come to them, so to speak, ab extra; that the question, "Is Jesus the Messiah and Lord l' is not so much a question between the Christian Church and the Jews as in the first instance a Jewish question; and the prevalent feeling among the Jews is that to become a Christian is to become as it were a Gentile. It seems to them like being broken off their old tree and grafted into another tree.

It appears, therefore, as an indication-a foreshadowing of a national movement-when we hear of Jews (however few in number) who have come to the conclusion that their dispersion and condition during the last eighteen centuries is the consequence of their rejection of Jesus-that Jesus is the promist Messiah, Son of David, and King of Israel; that the writings of evangelists and apostles are the continuation of the Divine Record entrusted to the Fathers; that salvation is by grace and righteousness-not by the works of the law, but by faith in the crucified and risen Redeemer.

We must regard it as the Lord'S doing, and an answer to our prayer, to see Israelites to call themselves Israelites of the New Covenant, and to hear the Gospel proclaimed in Hebrew by Jews who, in the spirit of Zechariah, Mary, and aged Simeon, bless the Lord God of Israel, who has visited and redeemed His people, and raised up a horn of salvation in the house of His servant David; and, in the spirit and very words of the Apostle Peter, declare unto their brethren, "Unto you first God having raised up His Son Jesus, sent Him to bless you."

About the same time, Professor Delitzsch, in his" New Docnments of the South Russian Movement," exprest himself thus: Rabinowitz seems to us a church historical phenomenon, which revives our hope of Israel's ultimate conversion to their Messiah. His sermons, which mostly treat an Old and New Testament passage, taken in conjunction, suggest most important thoughts. His declaration of Christianity is almost throughout the immediate echo of the New Testament Scripture from a Jewish heart. Tho not unacquainted with the dogmatiC confessions of Christian churches, his type of teaching is Jewish-Christian, and his whole mode of viewing. ~id~~ff:::h~e~:ruth is original, being drawn directly from the apostolic Word with indi- The movement at Kischinew is certainly a prelude of the end. No doubt the final con· version of the nation will be preceded by such testimony proceeding from individuals raised up by God and filled with His Spirit. Voices will be heard in Israel calling to repentance, to a return to God and His Anointed (Hos. vi. 1-3, iii. 5); many shall awake to new life, and from that portion of Israel to which blindness is happened a Jewish-Christian congregation will be gathered. The religion of the Messiah will then prove the Divine power which penetrates the spiritual and social life of the nation.

Joseph Rabinowitz is a star in the firmament of the people's history. God keep this star in the right path and continue its light in truth and brightness! One thing is certain, the history of the church can not reach its consummation until the prophetic and apostOlic Word predicting the conversion of the remnant of Israel is fultllled, an event whICh will bring an abundance of spiritual powers and gifts for the revival of the whole world.

RECENT ARTICLES ON MISSIONS AND MISSION LANDS.

CRINA-Our Duty to China in this Generation, Chinese Recorder (August); Griffith John in Hunan Chinese Recorder (August); Impressions of Peking, Wide- World Magazine (September); The Recent Outbreak in Fuhkien, Church Missionm'y Intelligencer (September).

INDIA-A Tea-planter on Indian Missions, Missionary Record (August); Hook Swinging in India, Wide- World Magazine (September).

JAPAN-A Japanese Reformation, Theo. M. MacNair, The Assembly Herald (September); Progress of Christianity in Japan, A. W. Loomis, Chinese Recorder (August).

KOREA-Korea and Its Needs, Woman's Missionary Friend (September); Bible Phrases in Korea, Cyril Ross, Assembly Herald (September).

MORMONISM-Mormonism and Christianity Compared, The Kinsman (August). PHILIPPINE ISLANDS-The Backwoods Filipino, Outlook (September). SOUTR AMERICA-Needs and Prospects, G. W. Chamberlain, Record of Christian Work (September). SYRIA-Missionary Life. Anna F. Jessup. Assembly Herald (September) GENERAL-Methods of Training Missionaries, C. lIf. lntelligencer (September); l'lissionary Impulse and Life, Review of Missions (September).

~'70 INTERNATIONAL DEPARTMENT

III.~INTERNATIONAL DEPARTMENT.

EDITEp AND CONDUCTED BY REV. J. T. GRACEY, D.D.

The Relation of Medical to General the New Testament, show that Missionary Work. Christ's reputation, while on earth, was enhanced quite as much BY H. T. WHIT~EY, M.D. through healing as in any other >. B. C. F. M. Mission, Foochow, China. way. While the value of medical work in modern missions is It is a singular fact that the heal- abundantly proved and highly ing art has, from the earliest times, extolled, the arguments for medical been associated with religlOn. No missions are usually based upon very extensive references are made their utility rather than as being to it in connection with the Jewish really included in the Divine com- religion, but it appears very prom- mand to go and disciple all nations. inent in the establishing of Chris- tianity. In ancient times medicine The fact that Christ coupled the was an undevelopt science. Among healing of the body with that of pagan nations especially it was the soul not only showed His love largely associated with the priest- and pity for mankind, but also hood of the various religions and revealed His divine wisdom; for became freighted with many erro- subsequent experience has demon- neous and superstitious ideas. strated that the truest type of Christianity is exhibited through a But in establishing the purest healthy body. But the physical side religion known to man, Christ gave of Christianity was early laid aside, divine sanction to healing, and and only until recent years has it coupled it so closely with the again been accorded its proper promulgation of the principles of place. Christianity that its use was only second to the proclamation of the The author of souls combined the Gospel. This high position and spiritual and physical remedies in .intimate relation with the found- proper proportions and gave the ing of the Christian religion was world an example for all time. The practically lost sight of after the true sphere of this agency, there- days of the apostles, and did not fore, is not merely one of greatest again come into prominence until utility, but also of divine sanction, near the middle period of modern and it should be so viewed in con- missions. That such a potent sidering its place in connection with agency, and evidently intended to general missionary work. Medi- be the handmaid of religion, should cine like the Gospel, is of universal have been discontinued so early in applicability. There is no nation the Christian era, is difficult to or tribe in all the world where account for, unless it be attributed medical work is not needed as much to a less degree of faith on the part for the body as the Gospel is for of the followers of Christ. the soul. And among pagan peoples it can often precede and prepare As to the right, expediency, and the way for the entrance of the sanction of medical work in con- Gospel; and in many places it has nection with the propagation of been found to be the only means Christianity there need, therefore, for opening the way for the recep- be no question, as it has been made tion of the truth. It is often a more abundantly clear by the example potent agency than money. Noth- and command of its Founder. The ing is so welcome to the sick and numerous references to healing, in suffering as relief from pain and ing with their attendant blessing assistance to regain health. For unconsciously attract them to the such services many heathen are truth. In many places the visible ready almost to worship their bene- results of healing are the most ef- factors, so great is their gratitude. fectual of all means in leading the heathen to become interested in No mission station can beconsid- Christianity. Thus the itinerant ered complete without a physi- method of making dispensing tours cian, first, to relieve any anxiety of through the field, thereby enabling its members, attend upon the sick, thousands to observe the process as and guard the entire sanitary con- well as the results of medical work dition of the station. This applies who would otherwise never have not only to the missionaries and an opportunity, is often more their dwellings, but also to the insti- potent for immediate effects, espe- tutions and all who may be under cially in new fields, than the local their care or training. Only thus dispensary and hospital work. It, can the greatest efficiency and the also, aids the direct religious work largest results be realized. There to a large extent, There is perhaps have been many instances of loss no more effectual way of collecting to the mission through long periods a large audience and retaining it of sickness, or by death, both of for the minister and colporteur than missionaries and valuable natives, the traveling dispensary. As a because of the lack of a physician. permanent agency, however, the In countries where there are no medical work should be regarded in properly educated native physi- a much broader way. cians, the necessity and usefulness of the medical missionary are coex- The medical mission has for its tensive with the growth of the purpose not only the meeting of the mission and the increase of the daily needs of the station, produnative constituency. The gather- cing immediate effects, such as helping of large numbers in educational ing to remove prejudice, open the centers requires the constant super- way for the Gospel, and gather auvision of a physician to preserve diences, and giving tangible evithe healthfulness of the students. dence of Christianity; but also the The multiplication of native permanent and far-reaching work churches and common schools, sup- of training medical students, preplied by those who have been under paring medical text-books, and decareful training, opens new doors veloping a medical literature. The of influence for the physician as a transient effects of some medical natural consequence of such train- work and the smaller constant ining. And native Christians, freed fluence of others, is due largely to from the trammels of superstition, a disregard of or a failure to carry naturally turn to Christian phy- out all or anyone of these persicians for healing. Their influence manent objects. It is true that is also very helpful in extending most medical work is not in a the work of the physician both by position to effect these results to employing him themselves and by any great extent (a subject worthy speaking to others in favor of ",Vest- of separate treatment), but their ern medicine. The medical work vital relation to general missionary is also a very valuable object lesson work is very real, and merits due to the heathen. Modern medicine consideration. If we may regar:d and surgery are little less than Christ's instructions to the twelve, miraculous to most heathen people, and afterward repeated iIi suband the wonderful results of heal- stance to the seventy, and His last command to go and disciple all na- more complete salvation. After tions, as containing the real spirit the possession of a sound mind, and intent of the Christian religion, through acceptance of the truth, the they are as truly binding now as next essential step is to have a when first uttered, and medical sound body in which to exercise it missions should have as complete and develop true character under equipment and as able support, pro various educational processes. The portionately, as any branch of mis- medical arm of this threefold salsionary work. Medical missions in vation is only second in order of the past have not been lookt upon importance. The lack of correct with any special favor by the medical knowledge, or reliable medimajority of Christians, and most cal literature, in most pagan counof those who have favored them tries, makes it necessary to begin at have been wont to regard them as once the teaching and trainlllg of well enough, perhaps. but not medical students, the preparation specially important, except in some of medical text-books for their use, particular instances. And this has and the development of a new continued so probably more from medical literature, both for the ignorance of the subject than any benefit of native physicians, and other cause. also for the general enlightenment of the people. For many years certain boards have favored having a few medical For those acquainted with the missions in particular fields, while conditions in pagan lands, the mere other boards have begun to see mention of the departments of their benefits, and have utilized medical work would be sufficient. them to some extent. But, with But for others something additional possibly one or two exceptions, the may be necessary. use of medical work in missions has been employed from the point It has been supposed by many 'Jf view of its utility, or absolute that medical missions were more necessity, rather than as a part of expensive and less valuable than Christ's authoritative means for ex· others. But, in reality, as much, tending His kingdom-the same as and sometimes more, good may be preaching the Gospel and educating accomplisht with an equal or less or discipling all who turn to the outlay by a properly equipt meditruth. The utility of such missions cal work than by any other agency. is not on this account any less, but The majority of medical missions the numbers are much fewer than are not sufficiently well sustained if employed from an authoritative to make them the most helpful, and view-point. There are many things this lack has often been charged to included in the extension of Christ's inefficiency. The best equipt medikingdom besides the mere preach- cal work, other things being equal, ing of the Gospel. The salvation is among the most economical and of the whole man is many ·sided, efficient agencies employed in forand Christianity is the only relig- eign missions. The evangelistic, ion that meets all the requirements. medical, and educational work are It is possible for a heathen to get so intimately related that they are just truth enough to save the soul really only different sides of one from perdition, and yet in all other work, and there ought to be more respects he is as much of a heathen intimate cooperation and mutual as ever. Hence the necessity of interchange and interuse of the general enlightenment and help in three forces than has been the case other ways that will result in a in many instances in the past. The influence and efficiency of each would thereby be very much en- its great usefulness, and might hanced. have been made much more so if it had been better equipt; that the After the more transient and greatest efficiency of missions in superficial uses of medical missions most pagan nations must include comes the training of native medi- medical missions; and, fin:tIly, that cal evangelists, which in some many new medical missions ought countries are destined to become a to be establisht, and most of those most valuable adjunct to the native already in use should be better agency. Some experiments have equipt, more thoroughly manned, already been made in this direc- better supported, and more gener~ tion with most happy results. ally and intimately cooperated with While it is always safe to hold to by the missions with which they an "educated ministry" as the are connected. model standard. yet there are times and conditions when others also The Beginning of Medical Missionary may, and frequently have to be Work in Roman Catholic Countries. utilized, ;,nd when great care and wisdom are exercised, the most BY REV. LEVI B. SALMANS, M.D. efficient service is often rendered by . those not directly in the ministry, Methodist Episcopal Mission, Guanajuato, and among them are the earnest Mexico. Christian young men and women from the medical missions. Also, There have been one or two iso- where thereare insufficientmission- lated cases of individuals doing ariesornative preachers, or, in large medical missionary work in Roman missions with numerous stations Catholic countries. for a short time, and too few medical missionaries, at least one of which was deservedly the medical evangelist becomes par- famous for its results. I refer to ticularly valuable, and sometimes that of Dr. Robert Kalley in absolutely essential to the continu- Madeira. But work under denomance of the work. As a rule mis- inational auspices promising persionaries prefer not to be located manence and extension as a distinct where they will be dependent upon agency for carrying the Gospel to a native physician, but it some- the prejudiced and otherwise untimes so happens, and in ordinary approachable classes among the cases a well-trained nati ve can meet masses of humanity, often denomthe needs. They can also be sent long inated the Roman Catholic nations, distances from the~central station, was begun a little over eight years when it is not convenient for the ago in Mexico. medical missionary to leave, and in many ways they can render very The Methodist Episcopal Church valuable aid to the general work. had establisht missionary work in more than a hundred center~ in As the limits of this article do eight of the Middle States of the not admit of further detail, we will Republic of Mexico. This work sum up by saying that it seems had been carried on for eighteen clear that healing as a missionary years, taking deep root, and having agency has Divine authority, not acquired considerable extension in merely from example but by com- most places, tho here and there mand, and as a natural accompani- was to be found a city in which the ment of the Gospel; that it is only work had failed to secure a footing. second in importance; that its somewhat general use during the The two populous states of Querepast fifty years has demonstrated taro and Guanajuato were by far the most religiously fanatical, and every other denomination which had entered them had retired with- cities entered having attained anyout success. The Methodist Epis- thing like the prosperity of Guanacopal Church had also ceased its juato, for they were suffocated and efforts in several most important held down to the day of exceedcities, and its work was very ingly small things from the very small and unprosperous in all the start. Even in this city such was others. The city of Guanajuato, the hatred of us that in 1891-4 we the capital of the State of the same were still exposed to discourteous name, is a mining city, having pro- treatment on the street at ordinary duced more silver than any other times, while on all public festive mining camp in the world, and it days the government found it also had the distinction of having necessary to place four companies been the starting point for the of soldiers to guard the principal fighting priest, Hidalgo, the Wash- houses known to the masses of ington of this country. I t had con- laborers as those of Protestants, to tinued its relations with the liberal protect them from stoning and mob party, actively cooperating with violence. Juarez (the Lincoln of Mexico) in expelling the mor.ks and nuns and In 1891 a private practise of dismantling the Roman Catholic medicine was begun here by one of Church during the time of our Civil our missionaries. Two years later War. Our work here found sym- public preaching and dispensaries pathizers and hearers for the Gospel were opened in this city, Silao, and at first among these Liberals and Romita, the board of managers of made a most prosperous start. But the missionary society taking the as time past on the priests made necessary steps in advance in each their power felt more and more, case. Twelve cents admission fee until the silent ostracism they or- was charged in the dispensaries, ganized against all who showed us and the private practise was kept sympathy, drove our people away up by the medical missionary, who by the hundreds to seek other was also presiding elder, thus homes where it might be possible securing much the greater part of to rent houses, buy and sell, and the funds necessary for the large enter into the ordinary relations work that sprung up, while at the which distinguish civilized man same time finding entrance to the from the segregated lower order of hearts and minds of the thousands creation. In 1880 our congrega- who came to the dispensary, or who tions numbered two hundred and called our workers into their homes. fifty. One hundred of our regular Of course, the pastors, pharmacists, attendants left the city that very and Bible readers were most inyear: and in 1891 the congregations timately associated with the docaveraged about thirty-five. Six tors in all this work, and so the hundred members approximately people came to be able to judge for had been received into the church themselves what sort of people during these first sixteen years, these Protestants were, as well as and yet the very existence of our what sort of opinions they held and work was now being threatened, so what doctrines they preacht, and effective had become the power of were no longer guided by the the intolerant priests. opinions with which their priests formerly filled their minds. I say All the rest of this northern doctors, because to the first physiregion had suffered in the same cian was added in January, 1894, way, though more quickly, no Mrs. Margaret C. Cartwright, M. other of the seventeen towns and D;, the wife of one of our missionaries at that time appointed to the from the country in 1897, and just pastorate in this city. In August, a year ago the work was taken up 1895, the Board sent out as a layman again, and sixteen rooms are now and helper to the founder of this completed and are being furnisht work, Geo. Byron Hyde, M.D., and made ready for the opening on who had formerly been a minis- the national independence day, the terial missionary in this country. 16th of September, a day on which The following June Dr. Wm. C. Roby was added, and still in De- we were formerly sure of a stoning, cember following, Dr. Harry L. Parish, both as wholly self-support- soldiers or no soldiers. ing missionaries. Some of the results mentioned For three years and a half these ought to be "direct" enough to dispensaries continued open five satisfy any one who really underdays in the week. Forty thousand stands the way this agency has here people heard the Gospel preacht in been managed for evangelizing, but them. In 1896 one thousand copies we will now mention some others of the Gospel were sold to the which all will recognize as "direct patients therein. Multitudes of results." Our schools in this city tracts were thus distributed to had always languisht, scarcely persons whose prejudices were first any children being able to be removed, and then their sympathies secured for them save those of our and gratitude for well-appreciated own families, and somehow these services were enlisted. Otherwise were exceedingly few. The disthese tracts would have been of pensaries in the most direct manner little service to the cause. filled them for the first time and kept them full of children from the The change which resulted in the homes of the Roman Catholic popular feeling toward us removed patients. Conversions occurred, the necessity of soldiers to guard bringing a new member into the our persons, homes, churches, and church for every hundred persons schools, and they were withdrawn; who heard the word preacht in the moreover, there arose a spontane- dispensary. ous demand for a hospital under our care. Five and a half years About four hundred "proba" ago a friend gave to the Rev. Ira C. tioners" were received as the result Cartwright twenty dollars, and said of the work I have described. This he must insist on a hospital, and is a better record than can be shown with this small contribution lay in preaching to congregations at the first stone. Many others fol· home, or in the regular church lowed with gifts varying from one services in this country. Surely cent to a hundred dollars. After God has given the "signs" of His two years of such manifestations approval to this work! Had this of good will in this line, the board been done in those more liberal was askt to grant us the privilege parts of the country where we have of constructing a building for the been prosperous in our efforts at medical work on part of a large plot evangelization, any excessively of land they had just bought in the economical person might have said city. They granted it on the con- what a "waste of labor and ditions that they be askt for no money," for more than twenty money for the building, and that thousand dollars (Mexican) has been no debt be placed thereon. The spent on this branch of the work, building was erected and put under besides the support of the doctors, roof in 1896. The writer was absent and the cost of the site, and the construction and furnishing of the hospital, which has been a still larger sum, tho it may be stated among the native teachers of the that all of the first sum was raised Woman's Foreign Missionary Soin medical fees, save only about ciety are studying medicine. Pablo thirteen hundred dollars American del Rio is just now entering upon money, while all the cost of con- his third year of medical studies in structing and furnishing the hos- Syracuse University; Macario Bripital has come from private per- biesca is in his fourth year in sons, awakened to such generous Oaxaca, and Miss Petra Bonilla giving by the work itself, without Toral enters upon her second year whose existence most of that money in Cincinnati. Others are prep'),rwould never have come into the ing to undertake the medical Lord's treasury. course, and various of our best preachers would like to pursue such It will be seen that it is not in a studies, were it possible, in order liberal and free field that we have to open the way of approach for the proclaimed the Lord's Gospel, hut Gospel to their countrymen at their in one which was thoroughly pre- hands, and at the hands of those empted by that ecclesiasticism assocfated with them in the work which had bitterly prejudiced the of their pastorates. people against us by calumny, until they were rejecting us as thorough- In part through the encouragely as the Palestine Jews rejected ment furnisht by our work here, Christ Himself, and it was only be- three sister denominations have cause in this case they sometimes entered this field with medical misunderestimated "indirect results" sionary work. First came the of modern Christian civilization Seventh Day Adventists. Almost had placed upon the throne of civil from the very start they employed power in this country the Liberal a force of twelve or fourteen party, instead of the Pilate of old, Americans as doctors, nurses, that we escaped the Cross, and were teachers, and so forth. Their work met only by ostracism and a "lock was then supported with funds out" more perfect than any other from the United States. They yet invented. Is it, therefore, true have prest on from dispensary and that medical missions should be em- visiting work to the construction ployed only in such lands as have of a sanitarium in Guadalajara no physicians, in the modern sense upon which they have spent thus of the word, that is, in pagan coun- far seventy-eight thousand dollars, tries? and their work has come to be mostly self-supporting. The Enthusiasm for evangelization in Methodist Episcopal Church, connection with medical work im- South, in San Luis Potosi have also mediately sprung up among all heen carrying on dispensary w;rk those who came in contact with it. for about two years, and have a five And why not, when after being thousand dollar hospital now in hated and shunned and having operation. The United Presbyfound it impossible to approach terian Church have had their first more than a very small number of medical missionary in this country the people with their burning mes- for nearly a year, and she is beginsage of love, they find among those ning to get such use of the language attracted by medical philanthropy as to enable her to put their work an open field foreifectively publish- into a more formal shape; thus far ing the good news to thousands? she had to work through interpre- One of the happy results is that ters and has been really but prepartwo of our brightest young men ing for the greater work which she and one of the finest characters will soon undertake in some eity Indeed, did He not command that yet to be selected. that model of God-inspired philan- thropy should be followed by those "Why should it seem so strange who would hear His voice? This to you, brethren," that the church kind" neighbor" used his time, his of God should use medical missions beast, his wine, his oil, a rented among the Roman Catholic popula- place in the inn, his bandages, and tions of the world? Christ used it his money. These were the means among the Jews. He commanded used in the infant science and art the twelve and also the seventy of medicine in that day, and they that "into whatsoever city" they are used still with a few others came they should "heal the sick added. But, while our Master comthat are therein and say unto them manded and commended this sort the kingdom of heaven has come of philanthropy, He more particunigh unto you." No record exists larly specified, as stated above, the of any limitation fixt as to time union of healing for body and soul or place where they should carry in the work of evangelization "in on their evangelization in this man- whatsoever city into which ye ner. So far as we know, these are enter." Is this word" whatsoever" the only instructions given as to not as all-inclusive in its meaning as the manner of their work, save that the word" whosoever," to which which was found in the Master's the theologians cling with such joy ownexample,which was thoroughly to prove the universality of the confirmatory of the wisdom of this offer of salvation? method. The Apostolic church, both among Jews and in the Gentile Brethren, my plea is for the nations, followed up this method. sacred use, and in a more extended Was not Luke the" beloved physi- and systematic way, of the art of cian" and yet a traveling evangel- body healing. Many have insisted ist? While it is true that miracu- that the Christian ministry is not a lous cures were used in those days, profession, but a calling. Has not and the results were more instan- our Christ called into His vineyard taneous than those generally fol- some of the men of the medical lowing the practise of modern med- profession also, and is not the medical science, still, who doubts but ical missionary possest of a "callthat God was well acquainted even ing" or "gift" just as much as the then with the usually slower and other persons mentioned in Paul's more modern way, tho men were catalogues, found in 1 Cor. xii. and not, as yet? Are we not to dedicate Eph. iv.? "And He gave some, aposall our powers to the service of tles; and some, prophets; and some, Christ for the salvation of this evangelists; and some, pastors and world, both Catholics and pagans? teachers; for the perfecting of Did Christ do more? If we are not the saints, for the work of the minyet acquainted with the shorter istry." "Now there are diversities way in all cases, shall we not use of gifts, but the same Spirit; . . . the way known to us? May we and there are diversities of operanot believe it possible that Christ's tions, but the same God that workcures and ours are but parts of the eth all in all. For to one is given same science, to a complete knowl- by the Spirit the word of wisdom, edge of which the Church of God is to another the word of knowledge marching on if it but faithfully fol- by the same Spirit; to another, lows the Master? Any way; let us faith by the same Spirit; to annote the case of the good Samari- other, the gifts of healing by the tan, so highly commended by Him. same Spirit; to another, the working of miracles," etc. It is inter- is given to the church on earth esting to note that these last two to know. It was, however, far are mentioned apart as if distinct more than negative, for he was " gifts" or "callings." through many years an incarnation of m",dical science, employed in One more thought only. Christ, missionary work. Later, he was a while apparently commanding all successful evangelist in the Siam His followers to imitate the philan- mission of the Presbyterian church, thropy of the Good Samaritan, which he and Dr. Mattoon founded specially commanded His official at Bangkok in 1847. He was a evangelizers to be healers of the pioneer, a hero, a scientist, and a body as a means to their particular saint. His heroism was manifest end. How is it, then, that some on many an occasion. still insist that in the mission field a doctor must not be a preacher, In June, 1849, there was a fearful and that a preacher must not be a epidemic of Asiatic cholera in healer of the body? "The two Bangkok, during which over a works must be separate." Christ tenth of the population, 30,000 perassociated them. " There must be sons, died within a month. The two separate persons for the two native physicians abandoned their operations." Christ associated the patients, panic-striken, when at its two operations in one person when height, 1,000 or 2,000 deaths occur.. used for convincing and converting red daily, the dead bodies being unbelievers. All this shows that consumed in the temple grounds, the church in our day is yet in un- and hundreds of them were thrown certainty and confusion about the into the river. It required convicnature and uses of this great "gift." tion and courage to remain in the In our times the usual way out of midst of the body of this death; such dilemmas seems to be discus- and moral strength of a masterful sion. May it come and do its work kind to face the superstitions of the quickly, that we may seethe blessed natives with the best medical fruits of a perfectly understood and science as a substitute. But Dr. faithfully used "gift" of God for House did this with a high percentreaching all hardened unbelievers, age of success, administering spirits whether in Catholic countries, or of camphor, one drop in a teaspoonpagan, or in our own city slums. ful of water "every three minutes by the clock." The native prevent- Rev. Samuel Reynolds House, M.D. ive was a strand of cotton tied around the neck and wrists, which BY J. T. G. it was said the disease-demon could not cross. When the tidings went out on Aug. 13 that Rev. Samuel Rey- Dr. House, in 1857, found himself nolds House, M.D., on that date confronted with an epidemic of had gone to his everlasting home smallpox, which resulted in the from his earthly home, at 'Vater- death of thousands. There was no ford, N. Y., one could not be sad- prophylactic in the city of Bangdened by the news. He was in his kok, or in the kingdom of Siam. eighty-second year, was nearly Mrs. Mattoon's little child was blind, and had for some years been brought from Singapore to Bangearnestly desiring to "depart and kok with the mother on a visit. be with Christ, which is far bet- The child had been recently vacciter." But to us there remains the nated, and virus was obtained, memory of a sainted man, whose which resulted in the saving .of life was as well-nigh. blameless as many lives. Another instance which illus- July 27, 1846, arriving in Bangkok March 28, 1847. In 1856 he returned trates his scientific skill and his home and was ordained a minister of the Presbyterian Church by the moral qualities, was that connected Presbytery of Troy. In the same year he married Harriet M. Pettit, with a personal accident and injury. of Newark, N. J., and with her again sailed for Siam, where to- When on one of his mission itiner- gether they Were engaged in mis- sionary work. He was obliged to aries, he was gored by an enraged abandon it on account of the ill- ness of his wife in 1876, and return elephant, whose sharp tusks ript to Vaterford, since which time he has resided there. He received the open the doctor's abdomen to the honorary degree of A. M. from Union College in 1840. He was a extent of three inches, allowing the member of the American Oriental Society; he was the discoverer of a bowels to partially protrude. He re- shell which bears his name. It was formerly called "Cyclostura Hou- placed the bowels himself, and hav- sie," and afterward "Speraculum Houseio." He publisht an article ing his case of surgical instruments in the Knickerbocker Magazine, April, 1845, entitled "The Chemist's with him, with his own hands he Dream," also a pamphlet, entitled " Notes on Obstetric Practice in sewed up the gash. He was borne by Siam," in 1879.

natives to a village five hours dis- " Another forceful illustration of tant, where he remained in an open the fact that 'the dark places of shed for a fortnight, when he was the earth are full of the habitations taken away in a boat to his desti- of cruelty,' has just been supplied nation, Chung Mai, and lay with by StoepeI, the well-known German fever for many long weeks. explorer, who has recently made All this but prepares one to un- the ascent, for the first time, of derstand the persistency with Mount Morrison, the highest moun- which Dr. House and Dr. Mattoon tain in Formosa. It was while could labor on twelve years before making this exploration and ascent seeing their first convert! He was that Stoepel came upon a tribe of repeatedly honored by the Royal man-eaters heretofore unknown, and distinct from any known race. House of Siam, where he was king's These men have maintained com- plete isolation, never communiphysician. The king greatly pro- cating with the Chinese, and are of Malayan origin. They are skull moted the mission. hunters-always on the hunt for human heads. Stoepel actually In the Troy Daily T~ime8, Aug. witnest the progress of a cannibal feast while hiding in the under- U, we find the following data con- brush. A dispute having arisen in Taiko, Formosa, over the paternity cerning Dr. House: of a child, an appeal to head-hunt- ing was regarded as the only way "Rev. Samuel Reynolds House, by which the righteousness of the M.D., was born in Vaterford, Oc- child's case could be determined. tober 16, 1817, his parents being The result was a massacre in which John and Abby Platt House. He thirty heads fell, after which the entered the Rensselaer Polytechnic savages indulged in a feast, at Institute, Troy, in 1833, having which the heads of the murdered been fitted for college by Professor villagers were conspicuously dis- Taylor Lewis, principal of the played. How much better some of Waterford Academy. He entered the inhabitants of the Philippines Dartmouth in the sophomore class are, is yet to be disclosed." in the winter of 1834-35, and graduated from Union College in 1837. After leaving college he had charge of a school in Virginia, and was afterward principal of the Western Academy, Connecticut. He took up the study of medicine, attending lectures at the University o. Pennsylvania in the winter of 1841-42, and the Albany Medical College in 1843, and graduated at the College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, in 1845. He was appointed b;V the Presbyterian Board of Forelgn Missions a medical missionary to Siam, and sailed from New York IV.-EDITORIAL DEPARTMENT.

The Suocess of Failure. His eyes that is not conformed to Him. The failure of not enter'ing The tendency of our times is to into the will of God is an eternal the worship of success. Like the loss, whatever other seeming gain Chaldeans, of whom Habakkuk may accompany it. Many a man speaks, whose dignity proceeded who has seemed to have lost his life from themselves, and who wor- will be found to have found it as shipt power IJ~S their god~men the seed that dies finds its harvest bow down in adoration before what' through its disintegration. David they count success. Brainard, David Livingstone, Hen- ry Martyn, Harriet Newell, and It would be well if some one thousands of others like them, have would write a book on the success buried themselves in heathen darkof failure. All through history ness and obscurity, as the seed of men's successes have often been, in God, and the success can never he God's eyes, their failures, and their seen until the sheaves are ingatherapparent failures their successes. ed. Numbers, money gains, popu- He has wrought out his own plans lar applause, visible results-all in the breaking up of man's these are illusive and deceptive. schemes. Paul felt assuredly called Noah preacht righteousness and to Macedonia. He went. His re- built the ark as his visible witness ception was the scourge, the stocks, to the message he preacht. He had and the cell of an inner prison. a long term of service, but he never Nine-tenths of God's servants made one convert. When the day would have counted that vision of came for the entering into the ark, the man of Macedonia a vagary-a he and his family were all that wild dream of fancy, or a delusion went in out of the whole race, and of the devil, and given themselves his family went in for his sake. over to morbid complaints, self-ac- 'Vhat a stupendous failure! Yet cusations, and murmur,; against not so does the Spirit reckon in the God. Yet out of that Philippian Eleventh of Hebrews! Themoment failure came Lydia's conversion, as a man or woman realizes that God well as the jailor's, and the first is the one worker, and all others church of Europe, whence as only His tools, His weapons, His mother came all the rest. instruments, it becomes evident that our ordinary standards of suc- The modern mammon is not cess are totally misleading. He money, but success, whether mon- only knows what success is-for He etaryormilitary, authorial or artis- only knows what the work is that tic, splendid achievements, or only He proposes to do, and the end that a famous name. Everybody falls He proposes to reach. All we have down and worships the successful to do is to yield ourselves to Hili merchant, inventor, advocate, ora- hand and will, to do with us as He tor, statesmail-or even the mere pleases, and then whatever be the politician, demagog, schemer. The apparent success or failure it gives man who has no reputation, but us no concern. He may use us as a only notoriety, is sometimes the hammer, only to break up; or a center of a gaping crowd of admir- sword, only to thrust through and ers. Even criminals are not with- destroy; or a rod, only to chastise out those who render them a sort and correct; but that is success, if it of homage. carries out His plans, just as truly We who believe in God should learn that any life is a failure in as it would be, if He used us as a bright, brainy young fellows who have carried the leaven ofthe Amertrowel to build up, as a candle to ican town meeting into all the prov– inces of the Ottoman Empire. illumine, or as a vessel to convey Robert College men are turning up everywhere. If the good work goes blessing and refresh thirsty souls. on, the alumni of this American in- stitution will be able to supply the These are obvious truths, but it personnel of the civilized adminis- tration which must some day supertakes a lifetime to learn them. Yet sede the barbaric horror that is at present misnamed the government for want of learning them thou- of Turkey."

sands are failing properly to esti- Apropos of the two papers on mate the greatest problems and Dr. Green, which have been issues of life. printed in these pages, we may re- 111'. 'Villiam T. Stead, editor of fer to the following which appeared the British Review of Reviews, in in the New York Sun June 23, writing recently from Constanti- 1897: nople, said concerning Robert Col- "In the island of Ceylon an in- lege: teresting event has taken place- "Thirty years ago a couple of the opening of a hospital on the Americans, Christian men, with heads on their shoulders, settled in island of Caradive to the memory Turkey, and set about teaching American methods to the rising of Dr. Samuel Fisk Green, a vouth of the East in an institution called the Robert College. They brothel' of the Hon. Andrew H. have never, from that day to this, had at their command a greater in- Green, of New York. We quote come than $30,000 or $40,000 a year. They have taken no hand in poli- from the Jaffna Star; tics. They have abstained from identifying themselves with any " 'This institution at Caradive sect, nationality, or party. They was formally opened on the 12th have stuck to their appointed task, inst. Between three and four hunand they are still sticking to it. dred gathered, including some fifty They have insisted that every from outside of Caradive, who were student within their walls shall be honored with seats on the veranda. thoroughly trained in the Ameri- There was also quite a company of can principles, which, since they Tamil ladies. Soon after 3.30 P.M. were imported by the men of the Sir William Twynam, R.C.M.G., ltlnyjlower, have well-nigh made arrived and, taking the chair, the the tone of the world. They taught exercises were opened by the singall these students five languages, ing of a-lyric, and the reading of but they never hesitated to pro- Scripture by the Rev. C. 11. Sanclaim that, tho they spoke with all ders, the Caradive pastor. the tongues under heaven, it was but foolishness unless the moral " 'After this came a historical and spiritual character of the stu- sketch of the undertaking by Mr. dents was trained and molded by K. Visuvanather, through whose religious men. ' Moral develop- efforts chiefly the hospital has been ment, spiritual discipline, is the erected. more essential part of education.' 'The true object of college educa- " 'Sir William, who was always tion is the development of the a warm friend and enthusiastic adfaculties and the formation of char- mirer of Dr. Green, and who has acter.' That was their line, and ever taken great interest in prothey have stuck to it now for thirty- viding proper medical faculties for four years. With what result? the people of the northern pro- That the American college is to- vince, spoke at length of Dr. Green day the chief hope of the future of as a physician, as a man, and as a the millions who inhabit the sul- friend, told how much he persontan's dominions. They have two ally owed to him, and related incihundred students in the college to- dents showing his widespread inday, but they have trained and sent fluence, and especially his genial uut intu the world thousands of yet earnest Christian character.'

"Addresses followed by the Rev. T. S. Smith, Dr. Mills, Dr. Paul, of go hand in hand with practical the Friend in Need Society's Hospital, and T. C. Chengarapillai, medicine. Esq., proctor of the supreme court. "'Vith the progress of sanitation, "The building is on the main and the improvement of the conroad, near the center of the island, ditions of existence, some of the and a little more than a quarter of most dreaded scourges of the a mile from the church. One of human race have practically disthe speakers exprest the hope that appeared from Western countries. 'its usefulness may rapidly in- Leprosy has died out; typhus and crease, and that it may be a center cholera have largely lost their of healing, both bodily and spiri- terrors, and the plague is successtual, to the more than 8,000 in- fully kept away. There is no habitants of the island of Cara- reason to despair of an analogous dive." progress in the tropics. We may learn how to control malaria, and Since October first marks the how to inoculate against yellow tenth anniversary of the founding fever, which, indeed, has already of the Arabian 1tIission of the Re- begun to yield somewhat to the formed Church, it is expressly fit- assaults of science. The time may ting that we should give consider- come wher. the white man will be able space this month to the able to live and work in the latitude masterly article of Rev. S. M. Zwe- of the equator without requiring mer, one of the pioneer mission- constant holidays to maintain his aries from America to the "cradle vigor. The real conquest of the of Islam." The eight missionaries Dark Continent will have begun who are at present on the field, when this consummation is reacht, unite in asking their friends, and and those who assist in bringing it the friends of the mission, to ob- about will be doing at least as much serve October 1st as a :lay of hu- for the civilization of Africa as the miliation, thanksgiving, prayer, soldiers and the travelers. There and farewell offering in behalf of is no more fruitful field open to this strategic point in the battle of medical science in the immediate Christ, the Son of God, against future; and it is gratifying to think Mahomet, the false prophet of that England will now be able to Islam. take the lead in exploring it."

Mr. Chamberlain presided on May " The Anglo-Saxon race has 10th at a dinner for establishing the solved every problem of colonial London School of Tropical Medi- expansion save that of acclimatizacine. He said that in the work tion in the tropics. There is no of civilization and government barbarous race upon which it can the greatest enemy is not the not impose its will, but the insidihostility of savage chiefs, the ous diseases of tropical lands still influence of barbarous customs, baffle it, still roll back its conqueror the physical difficulties of the ing progress. . . . At the present country, but the insidious attacks time almost all the new movements of deadly disease. To find a cure of colonial expansion are directed for this, it is needful to extend toward the tropics, where importhe study of tropical diseases and tant markets for our manufactures create a school of trained practi- remain still untapt." tioners and investigators, so that in future scientific research might A Correction.

Our attention is called to a possi- bly misleading title to the article on Metlakahtla, Alaska, which appeared in our July number. Both articles, of course, refer to New Metlakahtla, on Annette Island, Alaska. The original Metlakahtla is located in British Columbia, and the Church Missionary Society of London is still carrying on work there, under the able Bishop Rid- ley and his fellow missionaries. "It is as prosperous now as ever it was."

RECENT BOOKS ON MISSIONS AND MISSION LANDS

V.-RECENT BOOKS ON MISSIONS AND MISSION LANDS.

THE HEALING OF THE NATIONS. J. Rutter much she may incline to this Williamson, M.B. 12mo, 96 pp. 40 cents. opinion, others may rightly ques- The Student Volunteer Movement, New tion her authority. York. Mrs. Wheeler first takes us from This little treatise on medical America to Trebizond, then demissions is a statement and an ap- scribes Armenia and the beginning peal by one who has been closely of work in Harpoot. Some points connected with the Student Volun- are given on Armenian etiquette teer Movement, both in Great Brit- and housekeeping. ain and America. The author has sought primarily to provide an Several very interesting .stories outline on medical missions for the are told of Armenian Christians, use of missionary study classes. and two chapters are especially de- He aims to present facts and fig- voted to woman's work. The book ures, not anecdote and incident. closes with incidents of the recent The facts are, however, well select- massacres, and the subsequent reed, and are interesting and forceful. lief measures. The arguments for medical missions are briefly set forth-both the The glimpses of life in Eastern Biblical basis and the appeal of the Armenia which are given us in the "murdered millions of non-Chris- book are interesting but not unique. tian lands." The blessing which has There is much to assist one in gainattended medical missions is also ing an accurate idea of missionary shown. Doors have been opened, life and work in that region, but hearts toucht, and many other re- also much that is commonplace, sults prove the value of this meth- unimportant, too personal, or irrelod of work. Dr. Williamson's ap- evant, e.g., the seasickness, pun on peal is on the whole the strongest hydrophobia, etc. The dedication we have seen. He rightly says of the book to Student Volunteers that there is need for a thorough might lead one to expect something treatise on this suhject-one that for students, but it is more correctly will be a classic taking up medical among its place as one of the series missions in all their aspects. The " Stories of Missions." Weare more bibliography which accompanies and more convinced that· no misthe present volume shows that sionary book is complete without a much has been written, but it is good map. scattered and fragmentary. THE MISSIONARY MANUAL. Amos R. Wells. MISSIONS IN EDEN. Mrs. Crosby H. 'Vheeler. ,6 mo. 134 pp. 35 cents. United Society Illustrated. 12mo, 193 pp. $1.00. Flem· of Christian Endeavor, Boston and Chi· ing H. Revell Co., New York, Chicago, cago. and Toronto. Here is an excellent little hand- If any place could do without book of suggestions for missionary missions we should have supposed committees of young people's sothat it would be "Eden." Mrs. cieties. Mr. Wells takes up in 'Vheeler's title is taking but rather turn the missionary society, compresumptuous and indefillate. It mittee, meetings, maps, music, takes for granted that Eden was or prayers, reading, study classes, letis in the Euphrates Valley, round- ters, socials, museums, money, etc. about Harpoot, Eastern Turkey, His remarks on each have pith and where the author has spent forty point. We know of no book so years as a missionary. However good for the purpose for which it is intended. JAPAN AND ITS REGENERATION. Rev. Otis eignty and is pensioned by the Carey. Map and Statistics 12mo, 137 British Colonial Government. They pp. 50 cents. (P"per, 35 cents) Student are better law-abiding citizens than Volunteer Movement, New York. the Europeans. Most of them live as farmers and cattle raisers in scat- This is one of the excellent text- tered groups in the interior. The books issued by the Student Volun- majority of the Maoris are Christeer Movement for Foreign Mis- tians, and there are some fine native sions for mission study classes in pastors and evangelists, but those colleges and seminaries. It pre- in the remote north are still sents in precise and concise form heathen, and are sadly in need of the main facts in regard to Japan Christian instruction. and the Japanese, and especially narrates the history of Christian The concluding chapters of the missions in the empire, and de- book deal with religion and educascribes the methods of work, the tion in New Zealand, and with peculiar conditions, difficulties, and Samoa. Mr. MacDougall has here opportunities which confront the made c, substantial contribution to missionary. There is an analytical missionary literature. index and appendices devoted to Formosa, a bibliography, and sta- GRAMMAR ANO DIC'l'{QNARY o}t… THE BOBANG-I tistics. The map is clear and upto-date, and is accompanied by an LANGUAGE. Rev. John Whitehead. 8vo, index showing the location of all 500 pp. 'l'he Baptist Missionary Society. the missionary societies at work in London. the empire. We know of no better book with which to begin a study The Bobangi language is spoken of Japan as a mission field. The over a part of the upper Kongo dissecond edition of the book will con- trict in West Central Africa, and tain also a "Key to the Pronuncia- Mr. 'Vhitehe'1d, who is a missiontion of Japanese words." ary of the Baptist Missionary So- ciety of England, has accomplisht THE CONVERSION OF THE MAORIS. Rev. Don- a valuable work, since this is the ald MacDougall, B. D. 12mo, 216 pp. 11· only publication of the kind in lustrated. $1.50. Presbyterian Board of existence. The book comprises a Publication, Philadelphia. grammar, together with a Bobangi- English and English-Bobangi dic- New Zealand is one of the coun- tionary. tries about which little has been written for missionary readers, TH" SrORY OF THE YEAR 1898-1891. 8vo, but the story of the conversion of 9:3 pp. Paper. Illustrated. 1 shilling. these natives from cannibalism to Church Missionary Society, London. Christianity is of thrilling interest, and an unanswerable argument for If all missionary societies would the reality and power of the GospeL follow the example of the C.lVI. S. in issuing such short popular reports This book is well planned and as this, they would not lack for well written. MI'. MacDougall first readers, and would be of immense gives an account of the history and advantage in awakening interest character of the Maoris, then de- and keeping their constituents inscribes their legends, superstitions, formed. This report takes up the and customs, and devotes the major home work of the society and then portion of his book to an account the various fields. It closes with a of the beginnings and progress of list of officers, a financial statement, Christian missions among them. missionary statistics, and lists of clerical, lay, and native workers. The Maoris now number 40,000 The illustrations and maps add and own about 10,000,000 acres of materially to the pamphlet, and land in New Zealand. Their native help to dispossess one of the idea king has now resigned his saver- that be is reading a dry "report."

GENERAl, MISSIONARY INTELLIGENCE

VI.- GENERAL MISSIONARY INTELLIGENCE.

EDITED BY REV. D. L. LEONARD, D.D.

THE KINGDO?I. fact that of those who have past through the Institute, 67 are super- Something besides money is re- intendents of city missions and quired for the world's evangeliza- other such responsible institutions tion, but of such" sinews of war" in this country and Canada, 130 are for the campaign against deadly preaching the Gospel among the errol' and sin there certainly is no heathen, 29 are Golporteurs, 30 are lack; for the Director of the Mint's Christian Association secretaries, estimate of the world's output of 47 are Sunday-school missionaries, gold in 1898 shows a total of about 300 are pastors, pastors' assistants, $295,000,000, against $237,500,000 in and church visitors, 193 are in 1897. Africa stands first, with evangelistic work, and 207 are in $80,000,000, Australia second, with city and reserve missions. Of the $67,500,000, and the United States rest, some are wives of pastors; third, with $64,463,000. In 1897 the some are teaching the English order was as follows: Africa, $58,- Bible in different educational insti- 300,000; United States, $57,363,000 ; tutions; some are not devoting Australia, $55,684,000. For 1898 their entire time to Christian Canada is credited with $14,000,000, work, but in their home churches of which the Klondike diggings are doing much more effective servsupplied about $10,000,000. ice on account of their training at Chicago." -It is estimated that during the present century nearly 73,000 Jews -The Substitute Band* of Springhave become Protestant Chris- field, Massachusetts, is an organitians, over 57,000 have joined the Roman Catholic Church, and 74,000 zation with the motto: "Put a the Greek Church. These with man in my place." Their purpose those who have left Judaism through mixt marriages make a is to secure as members those who total of 224,000 in this century. The annual conversions to Protes- can not go to the mission field, but tant churches average over 1,400. will give $25 a year or more to sup- AMERICA. port a substitute missionary or na- tive ,Yorker. Already over $3,000 United States. – Among Mr. Moody's many forms of evangeliz- have been forwarded to the foreign ing activity his Chicago Bible Institute is scarcely second to any, as field in the first six months of this these statements will show: year. It is a noble enterprise.

"The ten years of its existence -The plans for the Ecumenical have proved that there is no lack Conference on Foreign Missionst to of young men and women who wish to avail themselves of t,he be held in New York City next privileges of the Institute. Over spring, indicate a most successful 2,500 have been enrolled-more than 500 in 1898 alone. They have come conference. The cordial cooperafrom every part of the United States and eighteen foreign coun- tion of the missionary societies of tries (a considerable portion of them Great Britain has been secured as were from Great Britain and Ireland) and represented 33 denomina- well as that of societies upon the tions. That there is a large place for such workers is seen from the' continent. Rev. James Stewart, M. D., D. D., of Lovedale, South Africa, is expected to be present, and it is probable that Lord Over- toun and Lord A berdeen will also attend. There will be a stong dele- gation from the continent, repre- • Founded by H. B. Gibbud, 174 Marion Street, Springfield, Mass.

'Copies of the Prospectus can be had from Ecumenical Conference Secretaries, 156 Fifth Avenue, New York City. senting the German, Dutch, Scan- successful evangelists have preacht dinavian, and French societies, and to multitudes every night, except among them, it is hoped, Prof. G. Sunday. Rich blessing has at- Warneck, D. D., of Halle, and the tended them. Rev. Fran«ois Coillard, the wellknown pioneer of French missions -It is said that more than 30 in South Africa. you.g men from Methodist colleges have volunteered for service in -The American Ramabai Asso- India under Bishop Thoburn's call. ciation requires for the year's ex- By the conditions imposed, these penses $20,000 : $6,000 for the pupils men agree to remain unmarried for in the Hharada Sadan, numbering a term of years, and to serve withfrom sixty to seventy-five; and out sal,o,ry. Altho so many are $14,000 for Mukti, with its 365 ready to go under these conditions, pupils, who, having been gathered but 12 can be sent, because of lack together at the time of the famine, of funds. are absolutely dependent on the Mukti Home for food and shelter. -The Christian Endeavor Tenth Money is still needed for the com- Legion (those who have taken the pletion of the buildings for this pledge to give one-tenth of their home. This is preeminently income to the Lord for the advancewoman's work. It is a great op- ment of His kingdom) of Cleveland, portunity for the women of 0., numbers 1,022. America who lead such exceptional lives of activity and freedom, to -Statistics show that churches give to the women of India, who which keep postponing the erection are so terribly restricted, a taste of of an edifice are most apt to die. that which alone makes life worth The Congregational Church Buildliving – the knowledge of Christ, ing Society has been the agency active freedom and happiness that that has for nearly fifty years come come from a Christian education, to' the rescue of needy churches, so diversity of occupation, and the far as its funds allow, having put understanding of the true condi- into 3,650 buildings for religious tions of the home and family life. * uses no less than $2,750,000.

-One of the most successful West Indies.-The severest hurriforms of city evangelization is the cane ever known in the region " tent work," which has been car- visited the West Indian Islands ried on during the past summer in early in August. It came from the New York and Philadelphia. This south, sweeping over Puerto Rico, season, when the saints take their the Virgin Islands, Guadalupe and vacation, but sinners do not, when Montserrat. The storm came from churches are closed and pastors are the south and past to the northaway, but theaters, saloons, and west, lasting for nine hours. Whole brothels are even more wide open towns were destroyed. The dethan ever, is an especially oppor- struction of telegraph communicatune time for such evangelistic tion makes accurate information work. Large tents have been impossible, but it is certain that placed in vacant lots, and the most the loss of life is great, reaching thousands. Ponce and Humacao, • The treasurer of the Boston Circle, Miss in' Puerto Rico, were greatly dam- Harriet E. Freeman, 384 Commonwealth aged. At least a hundred thouavenue, is ready t.o receive subscriptions an- sand people are homeless in Puerto nually of one dollar and upward. A Sharada Rico. General Davis, commanding Sadan scholarship is $100 annually; a Mukti in Puerto Rico, reports great desscholarship is $45 annually. titution as the result of the storm; the government stores are greatly was given to 3 of those controlled damaged, but relief wagons are be- by other societies, and no accoming sent out from Ponce as rapidly modation had been provided by as possible to relieve the greatest. them for the untainted children of suffering. General Davis has ap- lepers. In its present position the pointed a Board of Relief, and has mission supports 21 asylums entireappealed for aid. * ly, makes grants toward 11 others, and has 14 homes for children. For EUROPE. an expenditure of £8,600 in one year as many as 4,000 lepers and .their Great Britain.-It is said that the children are being, in many cases, first missionary contribution ever wholly, and in others largely supmade in England was' Sir Valter ported, and there are 1,500 Christian Raleigh's gift of £100, for the spread lepers in connection with the vaof the Christian religion in the rious stations. colony of Virginia. -The Irish Presbyterian Church -The Church Missionary Society has missions in China and India now occupies 520 mission stations, (the native state of Kathiawar). has 1,136 European missionaries From the latter is reported a larger (including 76 medical missionaries), number of baptisms than in any and a total of something over 6,000 one year hitherto. Two additional native workers. The number of native pastors were ordained last native adherents is 247,556, as yell-I'. The missionaries ask that against 240,876 last year. There a native presbytery be organized are 64,904 communicants, there to be composed of the ordained were more than 16,000 baptisms foreign missionaries, the native during last year, and there are some ordained pastors, and the repre- 80,000 scholar:;, under instruction. sentatives of the several sessions, while the foreign missionaries -With such a prodigious circu- should be organized into a mission lation for its five periodicals, no council, charged with a general wonder that the C. M. S. prospers superintendence of t.he work of the and goes on from strength to mission, and be responsible t.o t.he strength. Let us all read, note, home board for the expenditure of mark, and inwardly digest these the mission money. toothsome and stimulating figures: IntelligenceY', 79,200; Gleaner, 1,000,- -The British Friends sustain 5 800; Juvenile Instructo1', 726,000; missions, and in these several coun- Awake, 531,000; and Mercy and tries: India, Ceylon, Madagascar, .Truth pfedical), 72,000. Total China, and Syria. They report 78 (grand total, indeed),2,409,000. missionaries (of whom 24 are wives), 23 single women, 174 native preach- -The Mission to Lepers in India ers, a total of 1,035 native helpers, and the East thus summarizes its 15 hospitals with 30,063 treated last completed quarter century of work: year, 20,869 pupils in the 258 At the close of the five years after schools, 200 organized churches, its establishment, the mission had with 14,297 adherents in addition. only 1 asylum of its own; support All this is the fruit of 33 years, the first mission dating from 1866. 'Supplies and l'Iloney may be sent to the Madagascar is the principal field Merchants' Association, Broadway and Leon. for visible results, tho India has ard streets, New York. Mr. William Cor· nearly twice as many missionwine, the Secretary, will give full informa· aries. tion as to specific needs, as he will be in direct communication with the authorities at Puerto Rico and the other islands suffering from the e1fects of this storm. -The United Presbyterian being French, are acceptable to the Ohurch, both in Scotland and Amer- authorities, and are able to superica, is vigorously aggressive upon intend the teaching of French, missionary lines. And as for the which is now required in aU former, these figures show with schools." what results: 7 missions; 62 ordained missionaries; 21 ordained natives; Germany.-In consequence of the 16 medical missionaries; 43 zenana Morton bequest the Moravians are missionaries, a total educated agen- about to extend their mission work cy of 1,015; 382 stations and out- by establishing new stations in stations; 26,971 communicants; 11,- South Africa, on the Mosquito 516 inquirers; 363 schools, with Ooast,:Nicaragua, and in Labrador. 20,146 pupils. Jamaica, Manchuria, It is expected that $80:000 will be and Kaffraria are the most pros- applied to this new work. Accordperous fields. ing to the conditions stipulated in the bequest, the money must be France.-This statement has re- used for new enterprises, and can cently been made by the Director not be used for the paying of debts of the Paris Missionary Society: or the support of work already " The French Reformed Ohurch is establisht. at present keenly alive to the claims of missions. It has long had mis- Austria.-In Prague, where sions, but of late political events seventeen years ago there was only have forced upon it a great respon- one Protestant church, which had sibility. The acquisition of Mada- to worship in a hired room, there gascar by France involved the are to-day 3 prosperous congregataking over nearly 300,000 Protes- tions with homes of their own, each tants, the converts of the London doing admirable practical Ohristian Missionary Society. These have work. their own ministers, but they are not yet able to do without European -Altho the Emperor of Austria missionaries. The French Govern- is a Roman Oatholic, he is a supment soon showed a jealousy of porter in some degree of Protestant English missionaries having so institutions. He contributes £50 much influence in the island, and or £60 per annum to a Protestant their position was made uncomfort- establishment for deaconesses in able. The Jesuits then offered to Vienna. The Protestants of Jathe government to take care of gerndorf, in Bohemia, received not these native Ohristians. vVhen long ago a donation of half that this condition of affairs was real- amount for a new church. The ized by the French Protestants, Protestants of Silesia receive from their pride as well as their zeal was time to time grants from the mintoucht, and they resolved to take istry of religion and instruction charge of their coreligionists in for the erection of schools and their new colonial possession. churches. A Protestant minister They used influence with the gov- of Buda-Pesth has been decorated ernment, and secured perfect with the order of Francis-Joseph. liberty for Protestants. They have Intolerant priests are occasionally sent out missionaries who are tak- prosecuted and fined for abusing ing the place of the London Mis- Protestants. A scurrilous pamphsionary Society missionaries, who let by a priest representing Luther willingly surrender to them their as a suicide has been prohibited. work. These new missionaries, Russia.-Describing one of the villages in the Russian famine dis- trict, Rev. Alexander Francis, pastor of the Anglo-American Church least 90,000. The income for 1898 in St. Petersburg, writes as foll~ws: was £13,540, and of this sum about £9,000 was spent on foreign mis- There are over four hundred houses, but I sions. The most important sphere became so sick at the sights that met us that is the mission on the Kongo, which I cried a halt after two hours' work. During was commenced in 1881 in connec- that time we did not come upon a single tion with the old Livingstone In- house which had escaped the plague; not land Mission, and has, in spite of one. In many houses, five, six, seven, or all difficulties, been most prosper- even eight people, being in some cases the ous. Here are 5 stations and 42 entire family, were lying in rows on broad out-stations, where regular mission benches, which serve the Tartars as beds-all work and schools are carried on, 24 practically naked. On our entrance they European workers, and 56 native simply bared their teeth, which were loose, ones, 270 were baptized last year, and the gums bleeding, to show that they and the church members numbered could not speak, and pointed tp their legs, 903. An extensive educational work which were crippled with pains, to show that is done, with 51 schools and 1,579 they could not rise to greet us. Some of scholars, being an increase during them had been lying in that state for months, last year of 7 schools and 420 schol- with not a soul to tend them. ars. In the east of China the S. M. A. has 3 stations-Wuchang, Other accounts confirm the above. Ichang, and Shasi, with 10 mission- The famine is confined to the east- aries and some native helpers. ern provinces, and is due to the lack of crops caused by the long ASIA. continued drought. As added horrors, both typhoid fever and scurvy, Turkey.-Miss Agnes C. Salmond, the natural results of foul and in- of Marash, writes in her latest ciradequate food supplies, are raging cular letter about the work for the in that region. The bubonic plague Armenian widows and orphans* as is now threatening the unhappy follows: people. A population of twenty millions of starving and diseased The school vacation has begun, folk appeals for aid. Russians and we have succeeded in getting themselves have done much, but all our boys who are over 12 years the famine and its consequences and over hired out to learn some are too devastating for their with- branch of trade which will help him standing. If anything is to be in his future life in the village to done, it must be done quickly to be which he may return. 'Ve have: of any use. It costs only seventyfive cents to keep a life for a 26 Shoemakers 5 Carpenters month.* 20 Weavers 6 Tinsmiths 16 Tailors 3 Dyers Sweden.-The Swedish Mission- 3 Barbers 3 Bakers ary Association, a union of the free 2 Tent-makers 4 Potters churches, resembling in church 2 Gardeners 2 Shepherd-boys. government the Congregational churches, held its twentieth annual The girls also are busily employed meeting in Stockholm last June. This society, formed for carrying on in domestic arts. home and foreign missions, has had The following is the translation a wonderful development in every way, having now about 1,000 of a letter, which one of the dullest churches, with a membership of at boys askt permission to write his supporters. * A committee of prominent New York busi- Dear Friends: I wish to tell you a little of ness men has been formed for the purpose of my life's story because I am so very grateful securing and forwarding relief funds. Mr. J. A. Scrymser, 37 Wall street, is the treas- * This work is supported by the National urar. Armenian Relief Committee, whose secre- tary is Rev. Geo. P. Knapp, Barre, Mass. to you. 'When I was quite small my father little over thirty-seven years. . . . lost both legs through an accident, was taken From the day he landed here he ill and died, my mother also not long after, has been the same, shedding a so that I remember very little of either benign influence all round, offendof them. Then an uncle took me to his ing none, irritating none, and house, and by-and-by sent me to work for taking sides with no one "-in varianother man. I was too little to do this ous church and social controversies Inanls work, and he turned TIle off, my uncle -" and yet witnessing to the beauty was so poor he could not keep me, he said, of his faith more effectively than so there was nothing for me but to beg for all the militant missionaries about. bread to eat in the streets of Zeitoun. I got Orthodox Hindus who have come among bad people and learned all their bad in contact with him bear witness ways. 'When I stop to think now of my past to his worth as eloquently as the I shudder at my sin, my darkness and ignor- most enthusiastic of his followers. ance. I hated church, but even if I went I And no Christian would look for a could not understand anything, I knew not better reward for his religions of a God or Holy Spirit or of a loving Savior. labors in this land. Christian When anyone tried to advise me I mockt progress here is not to be measured and laught at them. It seems to me I was by the increasing number of congrowing up like a wild animal, bad and grow- verts, but by the growth of appreingworse. ciation for Christian character. And we are sorry to bid him good- In the siege of Zeitoun my uncle was killed by as any Christian could be. In and the house where I lodged was struck by truth, as the new metropolitan of a cannon-ball and part of the wall fell on me; India said the other day in Bommany thought I was killed, but when they bay, he has held a unique position dug me out of the ruins tho I was very badly in the Indian episcopate, as much bruised, I recovered. When lying there ill I by reason of his saintly catholicity, wondered if some way of escape for me could as by his learning and devoLlOn not be found, and I thought I would go to and length of service."-C. M. S. Marash, for I had heard of the schools there. Intelligence?'. So one very cold day when the snow lay very thick on the ground I started, tho I was bare- -:Mr. Osborne, in sending his refooted, hungry, and almost naked. On the port for the Vakkam district for road I met a man who gave me a little bread, 1898, writes: "The unpreparedness for which I was thankful. After 12 or 14 of the native workers to accept and hours I reacht lIIarash, and finding where practise even the elementary Christhe good ~lrs, Lee lived, I askt if she could tian principles of service is painful take me in. After a few days she did, and in the extreme. Again and again oh, what a heaven! here was fire, food, the disappointments I have met clothes, and such kind words as I had never with in our Christian works have heard before. Now I have learned that my been almost heartbreaking. But condition was like that of Joseph when he the last four years of toiling and was taken out of the prison and made gov- teaching have not been in vain; ernor and had his home in a palace. I have hopeless, useless workers have been learned to read and write and am in this replaced by better ones, more dilivacation time learning to make shoes, for, as gent and unselfish. Lately I have soon as I can, I wish to support myself and been led to concern myself more help others who are now what I once was. about the quality of the work and I do heartily thank you, dear friends, and I workers than about the quantity, pray for you every day, for I have learned and I am already beginning to realalso to pray, and am trying to serve the Lord ize the gain to the character and Jesus Christ, for it is through His love and influence of our work." care such friends have been given nle.

India.-Bishop Gell, of Madras, has resigned. The Hindu, a native journal, says of him: "Bishop Gell received his appointment on May 16, 1861, was consecrated at Lambeth on June 29, arrived in Madras on November 25 of the same year, and was installed in his office two days later. So he has been here amidst us for a -The Church of Scotland has a 80 per cent. of the running expenses, mission in the feudatory state of not including the principal's salary, Chamba, the rajah of which has were met by the local receipts from undertaken at his own expense to fees and grants. build a church for the mission. The corner-stone was laid by the Siam.-The Siamese have shown rajah himself, accompanied by his their appreciation of the efforts of prime minister and other leading the Presbyterian missionaries by officials. With prayers and Chris- contributing 15,000 ticals ($9,000) for tian songs and reading of the Scrip- the purchase of a new site for the tures the service proceeded, after Christian High School in Bangkok. which the thanks of the assembled The king gave 1,600 ticals, and his company were given to the prince example was followed by princes of for his munificent gift. In response the realm and nobles, who seemed to the address made to him, his glad to aid in the enterprise. highness bore witness to the conspicuous loyalty and obedience of Siberia.-Just as England half a his Christian subjects, and subse- century ago abandoned the plan of quently the prime minister wrote: penal settlements in Australia, "His highness wishes me to say chiefly because the non-penal setthat the support which the mission tlers felt that the system was a blot has received from the rulers of the on the fame of the country and a Chamba state is not great in com- bar to its best development, so parison with the good which the Hussia has decided to abandon Siagents of the Church of Scotland berian exile chiefly because the sysmission are doing among his peo- tem is not consonant with her ple. He quite realizes the value of rapidly growing plans for making good education, which is helping Siberia a populous and prosperous to raise the children of the soil out part of the empire. Immense of ignorance, and to open to them tracts have been opened to colonithe doors of civilization and en- zation ; settlers are encouraged to lightenment. " enter the country, and are going in by hundreds of thousands; river -Scattered here and there in this navigation has been improved; vast peninsula are found not less and, of course, above all, the railthan 40 Methodist deaconesses, way, now being pusht through, is doing the work of the Lord in a not only making it possible to most effectual way, tho with little market products, but in countless to attract attention or to win praise ways is opening possibilities for or fame. But the eyes of the the future. It is eminently natural, Master are upon them night and therefore, that the czar should day, while not a "cup of cold wish this great and growing counwater" will be unnoticed. try free from the disgrace of being a penal settlement. What method -One of the representatives of of punishment for criminals will be the American Board in the Madura substituted is a difficult problem, Mission has 4,000 Christians under and until it is settled, the old his sole care, and they are scattered method will be retained, altho in 100 towns and villages. the number of persons transported is being reduced. An imperial -The India College (Lutheran, commission is now in existence Q-eneral Synod) has completed the which has the whole matter under twelfth year, can reckon up 40 teach- consideration. It is said that over ers and 883 students, and last year a million and a half prisoners have on our list of church members, an been taken as convicts to Siberia addition of more than 5,000 during in the last three hundred years.- the past year. The list of catechu- The Outlook. mens-which is unfortunately in- complete-handed in was of 8,875 China.-A missionary in Man- names. There were 93 schools, churia reacht a town of whose ex- with 1,054 Christian scholars. The istence he had never heard, and number is considerably increast there found 36 inquirers. At the already this year. The contribunext village, where no foreigner tions for church purposes amounted had ever been, he found a chapel to fully $7,600, gold. There are fitted up for Christian worship, the about 200 places formally set apart fruit of a single convert who had for public worship and daily meetmigrated thither. These are sam- ings for prayer and Scripture inples of incidents that are ever struction. By far the largest numcheering the heart of the mission- ber of these are supported by the ary and witnessing to the fact that native Christians. Last year the God is in his work. Homan Catholic persecution was of very small proportions. But after -Professor Kruger, in the JmI1'- the revolution in Peking the Mannal des Missions, wittily remarks chus everywhere rose against our that, according to reports from people, and there is a rapidly grow- Northeastern China, the fear of ing sect-the sect of reason-which Germany seems likely to become bitterly hates us, and does what for the Chinese of that region the harm it can. Many of our candibeginning of wisdom. dates were compelled to withdraw from our" services in the country -Some years ago we publisht (we for a time. The keenness of this forget from what magazine) a short opposition has also, like the Roman criticism of the attention paid by Catholic former persecution, disapmissionaries in China to printing. peared. The spirit of God is still The following statement from the widely and visibly moving 'on Chinese Recorder gives a different the face of the waters.' " view: "Confucianism, Buddhism, and Taoism have not been propa- -In the Nm'th China Daily gated so much by preaching as by News, the leading journal of China, books. The Chinese masses who we find a letter from the veteran can not read have for millenniums missionary Hev. Dr. Griffith John, followed the students who can giving a detailed" account of a long read." tour which he and his colleague, Mr. Sparham, have recently made -In one field in China nearly to Hunan. This is the fourth visit 7,000 natives have "enrolled them- to that province by Dr. John, and selves as learners," and they are is by far the most interesting and entirely dependent on the native successful of all. On the last precepreachers for instruction. ding occasion in 1897 the party were stoned out of one of the leading -Dr. John Ross, of Mukden, cities, and in other places were Manchuria, writeS under date of treated with dangerous rudeness. May 27th: "Last year there were Owing to the kindness of the British 33 congregations, to which number consul at Hankow, H. E. Chang 9 newly-elected congregations have Chih T'ung, the governor general been added this year. There are 37 of the provinces of Hupeh and elders, and 414 deacons. After all deductions there are 15,490 names Hunan, sent orders in advance of materially altered in regard to mis- the party that they should be es- sionary work and all which apper- pecially escorted and treated with tains to it. These papers have no deference. These commands made trustworthy accounts of what hap- the travelers guests instead of pens in the larger part of the foreign devils, and altered the empire, except their local corre- whole complexion of their tour. spondents, mainly missionaries, Steam added its comforts by which who are fully informQd and en- many weary weeks were saved. At tirely trustworthy. Large contri- one important commercial center a butions to the editorial columns of valuable place was offered at a the leading secular papers have small part of its real worth, for the been and constantly are made by reason that being '''haunted'' it missionaries. All these facts could not be used by anyone but a show that a great change has missionary. The number of appli- taken place in the attitude of the cants for baptism was large, altho intelligent Occidental public toit was deemed wise to receive buta ward missions and those who few at first. The welcome from the carry them on. The best way to existing churchmembers was of refute the slander that missionaries the most ardent description, ex- are "idle and mischievous" is to tending almost to a perpetual feast make it clear to the most obtuse sufficient to wear out the strength that they are beneficently active, of most missionaries. The tem- and that the results of their uninporal circumstances of the Hunan termittent and judicious activities converts seems to be much above are constantly multiplying in numthat of those in most provinces of ber and increasing in importance. China, and they are men of mettle and courage. The conduct and Malaysia.-A Chinese girls' school reputation of the London Mission has been establisht in Singapore Helper who has held the fort in this by the Chinese, toward which hardest of fields for many years, $6,000 have been subscribed for has won the praise of those who the initial expenses, besides $200 have no interest whatever in Chris- of monthly subscriptions toward tianity, and is a favorable specimen the maintenance of the school. of the talent of the Chinese for del- The teachers are to be Eurasian or icate diplomacy in a Christian way. Chinese women. The teaching is to be of a purely secular character, -The North China Daily News and, altho the school is not to be a journal in which this detailed letter Christian school, it will not be hosappears was once either bitterly tile to Christianity, as some of the hostile to missions or quite indiffer- Baba Christians are on the coment. At the time when Rev. J. mittee. Hudson Taylor came to China for the second time it gave some ac- Korea.-In "Korean Sketches," count of what he hoped to do in by J. S. Gale, the Korean" boy" is founding the China Inland Mission, described as an ever-present shadow and added that his plans and his -as visible in cloudy weather as in addresses showed that he was sunshine-nothing is done without either a knave or a fool, "and we the sanction of the boy. He is the have reason to believe that he is god of the back kitchen; he may not a fool." In the past twenty rise with unwasht, greasy face. years the tone of this and other may mix bread with one hand and pUblications in the Far East has arrange his oily locks with the other, yet his master will dilate on his excellence as a boy. Like many tian and has no other purpose in boys in our own land, he under- the publication of this volume than stands the whole before you have a plain statement of historical taught him half, and always adds a facts. All the important events in touch of his own to give the needed connection with the wonderful life compieteness. of our Lord are set down in a straightforward manner, often in -The Presbyterian mission in the words of the Gospels themthis country dates from 1884, and selves, with no embellishments and this table tells of the present situa- no comments. The miraculous ele- ments are stated plainly and untion: equivocally, with no apology and no criticism. In fact, there is little Stations…………………………… 4 in this book that the most orthodox Out-stations ……. .. .. . . .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. 205 Christian would object to. After American missionaries: Men, 17; giving the Biblical account of the women~ 26. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 resurrection and ascension, the Native force. … . .. .. … … … . .. .. .. . .. 28 author closes as follows: "These Churches.. .. .. .. … . … . . … .. .. . . .. . . . 24 are the facts that are believed and Communicants… … . . … …………. 2,079 accepted by the vast majority of Added during past year… … . .. . . . . … 1,153 the people of the West concerning Schools… ………………………… 26 Jesus Christ. I have put them Pupils…………………………….. 309 down here with no desire to propa- Sunday-school scholars………… ….. 4,302 gate Christianity, but simply to Hospitals and dispensaries. . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 make them familiar to my country- Patients treated …………………… 22,372 men."-R. B. Peary, in Record of Christian Work. Japan.-Rev. Arthur Loyd, of the Protestant Episcopal Mission, -The trustees of the Doshisha says: "As regards the general out- have elected as president the Hon. look for mission schools, it must be S. Saibara, M.P., an eminent regarded as menacing. The higher Christian lawyer and a prominent council of education has made up member of the Kumi-ai (Congregaits mind pretty well against them; tional) church in Japan. Since his the present ministry will not election and acceptance of office he accept the recommendation of the has come out with a statement in council; but, as things go in Jap- print that, whatever takes place, anese politics, the council will prob- the Doshisha must stand preemiably have a longer lease of life than nently Christian. He concludes by the ministry. The storm will, I declaring that it is better that the think, blow over. But under any Doshisha cease to exist than that circumstances the days when a it succeed by methods that are foreigner can hope to control a morally questionable. Two new Japanese school are numbered. earnest, evangelical men were Our Japanese brethren must more elected to the board of trustees, and more assume the burdens of and the three American members school management." were duly qualified by taking the required oath. -I was much surprised to find, not long since, in one of the lead- AFRICA. ing bookstores of our town, a new life of Christ, by a non-Christian West.-The year 1898 brought Japanese. It is the third number some changes among the Bulu, of a historical series, the first being which can not but affect the work a life of Buddha, and the second, in the future. By the efforts of the of Confucius. The author is a graduate of the literary department of the Imperial University, and appears to be a fairminded man of some ability. In the introduction to this Life of Christ he announces that he is not a Chris- German colonial governInent travel only of this year and last. During has been made easier and safer the past twelve months a new desire than ever before. Fairly good to learn has been coming to the roads have been cut between the people. The highest number of coast and the interior, and many scholars at the schools has risen streams have been bridged. The from 1,677 to 4,021, and the average old custom of carrying weapons attendance day by day from 1,342 has been prohibited, and walking to 3,178. This growth is partly sticks have taken their places. accounted for by the increast The robbing of caravans has been attendance at the old schools, and checkt, almost stopt. Petty tri- partly by the opening of twelve bal troubles have been settled. new schools-most of them in dis- Tribes are mingling as never be- tricts that have hitherto been unfore. Natives are beginning to toucht. Month by month applicahavel as far as the coast. Hats, tions for teachers in new districts coats, and trousers are common, have been coming to the missionwhere two years since there were aries and, altho a dozen of these none. The missionaries can now have been answered, no fewer than send men for mail and provisions nineteen others have been deferred. without fear that they will be rob- The great difficulty is, of course, to bed. The opening of the roads has find a sufficient number of teachers. brought in the traders, colored and Their number, together with the European. The former can be monitors, has been increast this found in every town of any size, year from seventy-two to one hunand two white men have establisht dred, but those are too few, and trading posts in Ebolewo'e. their education is too slight for the efficient manning of the most -A naphtha launch for Africa- elementary schools. Yet their longed for, dreamed of, has been little knowledge and their changed actually ordered from the Pennsyl- lives make them pioneers of decided vania Iron 'Yorks, to ply in the value. The demand for books has waters of the Gabun, particularly exceeded all expectation, and so has between Libreville and Angom. gone beyond the power of supply. The launch will be 31 feet long, 9 An edition of 1,000 copies of the feet in the beam, with a draught primer was sold out within eight of 26 inches, and a six-horse power months of its delivery, and in the naphtha motor. It will be built, past three or four months more furnisht, and transported at a than five hundred copies of the cost of $3,000. The launch is the Gospel of Mark have been bought. gift of a generous friend of mis- The Zulu Bible costs the monitors sions, whose name is not made pub- a quarter of their year's salary, yet lic. It is a memorial to a precious not a few of them have provided child, and will bear her name, themselves with copies. No new "Dorothy;" and a "gift of God" it schools have been opened until the will be as it carries the missionary people promist to erect a building swiftly through the miasma of and to make some contribution tropical rivers, or brings the light toward the teachers' salaries. As a of life to thousands of poor savages. result, eighteen new reed schools have been built free of cost. No East.-The Rev. Donald Fraser less encouraging has been the says of the progress in Living- spiritual side of the work." stonia: "The contrast between to-day and ten years ago is simply -Many native Christians could miraculous. But we shall speak teach us a splendid lesson in giving. same proportion. There are now At a communion service held last forty of the latter. At Lorenzo year in Ngoniland, on the shores of Marquez, a station founded only Lake Nyassa, in Central Africa, the twelve years ago, there are 1,200 free-will offerings of the people Christians, and in the village stawere as follows: Money, £18s. O?4'd.; tions, founded twenty years ago, 11 knives, 14 earthenware pots, 16 there are many hundreds.-Jou1'- baskets, 1 mat, 67 fowls, 2 sheep, nal des Missions Evang€liques. 2 goats, 105 pounds of beans, 97 pounds of flour, 233 pounds of South.-In view of the strained maize, 34 pounds of potatoes, 62 relations between Great Britain and the South African Republic, pounds of pumpkins, 3?i pounds of the following may be of interest as showing the esteem in which beads. The congregation, as may missionaries are held. It is taken be imagined, was a large one, num- from The JJfo1'avian of August 23, bering about 4,000, and on that a newspaper publisht at Bethlesame day no less than 284 were hem, Pa.: added to the church by baptism. According to the BruRder Botschufte,·. a -The telegraphic line from Lake correspondent of the London Truth has come Nyassa to Lake Tanganyika is al- forward with the suggestion that a Moravian ready surveyed, and the wires have missionary or a Congregationalist minister, been laid about half the distance. preferably the former, be askt to mediate It is twenty-five years since Living- between the Transvaal Republic and Great stone died, after having made Britain. In support of such a move it is known this region to the world. It urged that President Kriiger is too blunt and is an interesting fact that the Liv- outspoken for the niceties of European ingstonia Mission can report that diplomacy, but that he would be willing to their harvest the past year, despite listen to the common·sense representations of the ravages of locusts, has amount- a properly accredited missionary. Whatever ed to 30,000 pounds of maize and may be thought of the feasibility of the 10,000 pounds of beans, besides a suggestion, the mere fact that it has been ton of millet and four tons of made is a sufficient indication of the high wheat. The mission seems thus well regard in which our missionaries are held in establisht, and far on the way to- South Africa. ward self-support. The industrial work is under the care of Mr. Mof- -Mr. Saunders, chief commisfat, the grandson of the great mis- sioner of Zululand, said not long sionary, Robert Moffat, and nephew ago: "On my knowledge I can say of Dr. Livingstone. The spiritual that missionaries are trying to do work keeps full pace with material what no one else will do, and are progress, and more. altering the character of the natives. I do not know of any -The missionaries of the Swiss power that will do this, but the Society (Mission Romande) at I..o- power of Christianity." renzo Marquez state that the recent years of disaster, rinderpest, fam- -One of the magistrates writes ine, and locusts, have been the oc- to the following effect in the recasion of a spiritual awakening cently issued Blue-Book on native among the blacks; the chapels are affairs: now full every Sunday, and are getting too small. From 1893 to The natives have been agitated by a 1898 the number of converts and church movement on professedly racial learners has doubled, and that of lines. The leading idea is to cast off the missionaries has increast in the white man (umlungu) altogether ~in church matters. The doctrines taught, the form of church government, are secondary consid- erations. The name of the church conveys the leading and master thought of the or· ganization. In the designation, "Ethiopian Ohurch," is contained the very pith of the movement. She lays claim to being the native national church, into which all tribes shall come; prophesies the birth of a great nation out of herself-viz., "the Ethiopian people"; seeks to be entirely independent of able want of united and joint action all European control in church matters; to between the missionaries of the this end has its own bishop (a Kaffir by birth), various denominations laboring who is now the presiding elder in this coun- among these people. A better tone try_ Having freed themselves from the would prevail among the latter churches of their fathers-namely, the Wes- were this not the case, and there leyan, London llHssionary, Free Church, and would be less changes in their Presbyterian, and last, though not the least, "Christian beliefs." the church of their queen – ignoring all these and figuratively locking their doors, -The following is an official they profess their ministers have the keys to report on the state of the Pondos: open the true native church. The Pondos, as a tribe, show few, if any -The following statistics in re- signs of progress toward civilization, and gard to Natal are from the native are as thorough barbarians as were their Blue Book for 1898: remote ancestors. They revel in the worst of heathen customs, and their belief in witch- Total population. Zulus. craft is as lively as ever, and they shield the Location Lands…………………… 221,515 witch-doctors, who still drive a lucrative Mission Reserve.. .. .. . . . . .. . .. .. . .. . .. 21,276 trade, and are the cause of many murders. Crown Lands …………………….. 20,715 In spite of the efforts of the officials many a Private Lands ……………………. 270,471 poor wretch is smelt out and done to death, and the murderers usually escape punish- Total. ……………… , .. . … … . . 533,977 ment, as it is well nigh impossible to obtain any evidence against them. There are cer- The number of mission stations tainly some slight indications of advanceare 127 and 490 out-stations ment among the people who come in conand preaching places, with an tact with the missionaries. They take more average of 37,735, or rather more pains in cultivating their gardens, have im- proved in manners and dress, send their than 1/14.. of the popUlation. children to school, and many of the lads and girls go out to service; and I am pleased to -The statistics of Zululand are see that preaching centers and small schools are increasing in the district. I am not in as follows: favor of large mission stations, which are frequently the refuge of bad characters. Population ……………………….. 200,330 Mission Stations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 ISLANDS OF THE SEA. Ont-stations, etc………………….. 35 Average attendances. .. . . .. .. .. .. . . .. . 2,116 Sumatra.-News comes that at the 4 stations of the Rhenish Mis- -Amalongaland has a population sion, where the work is practically of 10,750, and no missionaries. The altogether among Mohammedans, South African General Mission are there is spiritual blessing in great just entering the country and have measure. The total of baptisms secured land on which to build a from Islam at these stations in 1897 station. was 69; while during the first half of 1898 already 97 were reported. -The Moravian Missionary So- In Bungabondar, Rev. Mr. Schutz ciety is putting up a building in has led a successful battle against Kaka's location, to be used as a Mohammedanism for the last thirty training institute for native girls. years. He has met with strong The place is to cost something like opposition and can now rejoice £6,000 and is, I underst:wd, being over a Christian church of nearly built from funds provided by the 2,000 members. Eight entire familate J. T. Morton, provision mer- lies of Mohammedans were bapchant, London. tized at an out-station last year, and another family who had fallen -In ecclesiastical matters, mis- away returned to Christ. The work sion work has been much disturbed among the Battak people by the by the advent of the Ethiopians and other sects, who readily received waverers or seceders from other churches into their own. Mission work is, moreover, hampered and impaired by the regret- Rhenish society has been mar- critics of nations dealing with the velously blest. There are now 19 opium evil. Now, however, we missionary stations, 22 European must deal with it directly ourmission~ries, and about 400 native selves, for it comes to us as one of workers, of whom about 100 are the many troublesome questions paid. The church members number involved in the possession of the 21,779. Dr. Schreiber, the secretary Philippines. The collector of cusof the society, says, "I donotknow toms at Manila states that the of any other part of the mission habit of the Spanish was to sell the field, with the exception of some monopoly of the importation of parts of Java, where such large opium. The last concessionaire numbers of Mohammedans have under Spanish rule paid $650,000 been won for Christ as among the for this privilege for a period of Battaks of Sumatra." three years. This indicates the vast enormity of this evil, even in Philippines.-At least two of our the Philippines.-The Missionary. churches have actually opened work in these islands. In Manila New Hebrides.-For fifty years the Presbyterians have rented a our missionaries have labored in small room for services, and con- the New Hebrides, and the first template opening a medical dis- single woman missionary has just pensary. Preaching services have gone to that field. She will assist begun, Rev. J. B. Rogers in charge, Dr. and Mrs. Annand in their trainand Filipinos attend in fair num- ing institution on Tangoa: She is bers. Churches at home have con- supported partly by the women in tributed so far expressly $10,000 for Canada, and partly by the women this Philippine work. The first in Australia. Her bright cheery Episcopal work was organized in picture, with a bright cheery let- Manila on Decoration Day. A ter, giving her "first impressions" church house has been establisht. to a girl friend, is in a recent issue It is a two-story building opposite of the Australian Presbyterian, the main barracks in Malate. There and signed "Daisy Symonds," to is a medical dispensary and a class which others add B.A. In stating in English instruction. The lower the above we do not forget the floor, which will seat 100, has been splendid service of the daughters fitted as a church. Lumber is $60 in some of our own mission famia thousand, and so dry goods boxes lies, Geddies, Mackenzies, Robertfurnisht material for altar. There sons.-Presbyterian Review. are about 50 Episcopal and Church of England families in Manila, and -Rev. John C. Paton's reports 2 chapters of the Brotherhood of for the past year tell of 1,102 South St. Andrew have been organized, Sea Islanders won from cannibalone in the Fourth and the other in ism to Christianity, 1 missionary the Fifth Artillery. Some Chris- alone receiving 200 adults into tian Alliance workers are in the church membership. A translation field, and the Salvation Army has of the New Testament into another sent from England men and women of the island languages has been to organize an army post to work finisht by Mr. Paton, and will among the natives, intending to soon be issued. transfer them to American allegiance after peace is declared. Australasia. – The Australasian Wesleyan Methodist Society has -Hitherto we, in America, have fallen heir to all the missions foroccupied the position of outside merly sustained by the EnglishWes- leyan Church. Here are the latest figures from some of the fields: For He adds that 'every copy of the New Britain: Churches,78; mission- New Testament sent out by the aries, 3; native ministers, 4; cate- Bible Society in 1895-1 think there chists and teachers, 90; school were five thousand in all-is already teachers, 96; local preachers, 100; sold, and, indeed, they have been class leaders, 124; native members, without a copy now some months.'" 1,655; on trial, 495; catechumens, 836; Sunday-school scholars, 3,366; Micronesia.-The sale of the adherents, 10,519. These are the Caroline Islands sold by Spain to returns from a mission begun in Germany is an event not only of the last quarter of the present cen- civil, but also of religious import. In tury. years gone by, the American Board planted missions in those islands, From New Guinea, where work and made much progress there. was not begun until 1891: Churches, About 1884, Spain asserted her old 33; missionaries, 4; lay missionary, claim to the islands as against Ger- 1; missionary sisters, 4; catechists many; the matter was referred to and teachers, 29; school teachers, the pope, and he decided in faVOl' of 48; local preachers, 24; class lead- Spain. In 1887 the Spaniards drove ers, 38; native members, 383; on out the missionaries, sent Rev. Mr. trial, 242; Sunday~school scholars, Doane in chains to Manila, and 1,510; attendants on public worship, handed over their churches to 12,200. Roman Catholic priests. The relig- ious work that had been done there From Fiji: Churches, 973; mis- seemed to be lost. But now comes sionaries, 11; native ministers, 72; this recent sale to the Germans, catechists and teachers, 1,120; and with it, of course, will come school teachers, 2,723; local preach- liberty again to preach the Gospel ers, 2,175; class leaders, 4,958; na- in the islands. tive members, 31,422; on trial, 8,251; catechumens, 10,107; Sunday- –Miss Elizabeth Baldwin, on her school scholars, 33,489; and adher- arrival at Ruk, wrote as follows of ents, 94,609. Let those who talk of the native church at that station, the "failures of Protestant mis- which serves also as a schoolhouse sions," think of these facts. for the boys. It certainly is not an imposing structure: "The -Referring to the recent revision church holds about 250, and is alof the Fiji Bible, a missionary of ways well filled at service. Quite lllany years' experience says: "I a number attend the services who can imagine the joy there will be have not forsaken yet their heain the hearts of our native Chris- thenism, and their scanty, dirty tians when they receive the 're- clothing, immense ear ornaments, vised New Testament,' which will extending almost to the waist, and reach them early in the coming other barbarous adornments, make year; for the sacred Scriptures are the contrast very striking between still prized and loved by our people them and the Christian natives. in every part of Fiji. They are not The Christian men wear trousers read merely on the Sunday, but and a shirt, often having the shirt also on the week day; in our hanging loose over the trousers, churches at the public services; in and the women wear' mother hubtheir homes at family worship; and bards.' We have seen women atin all the nineteen hundred day- tired in a shirt, and we have heard schools-adults' and children's- of a couple living in some one of held in the thirteen hundred vil- these islands, who, when the comlages of the' Fiji Mission district.' munion season canle around, said ships, carrying mails and supplies that they did not think they could come to the Lord's table, for they at regular intervals. During the had been quarreling. When askt what they were quarreling about coming year Mr. Price expects to they said they had a new red shirt, and had disputed as to which open a station there with two resishould wear it to church." dent missionary families, two Samoa.-" All is quiet in Samoa." The kingship is a thing of the past. dwellings, and a boy's school. The The changes in the government advocated by the commissioners of total cost, including the traveling the 3 powers, have not as yet been adopted by England, Germany, expenses of missionaries, will and the United States, but will probably be substantially accepted. amount to six thousand dollars. I t is proposed to rule the islands by an administrator, and a legislative Mr. Price lias received assurance council of three, appointed by the three powers. It is earnestly hoped of entire protection from the Gerthat this will end the trouble, and that peace, prosperity, and Chris- man government in the islands betianity will reign in these islands, where the London Missionary So- longing to that government, north ciety has been doing such noble and effective work. and south of Guam. The other Guam.-Rev. Francis M. Price, mission boards have conceded the missionary of the American Board in the Caroline Islands, has planned work in the Carolines and Ladrones to open missionary work in the Ladrones-or the Marianas. The to the American Board. half century's work of American missionaries in the Carolines ought Obituary Notes. now to bear its proper fruit in the enlargement of our missions among Rev. Charles M. Lamson, D. D., all these Asiatic Pacific islands. died very suddenly at his summer Tho the rest of the islands belong home, St. Johnsbury, Vt., of neuto Germany, Guam is American ralgia of the heart, on Tuesday property, and should be the cent·er morning, August 8th. He was the of the best that American civiliza- beloved pastor of the Center Church, tion can give. It is separated from Hartford, Ct., has been for two the Caroline Islands by about six years president of the American hundred miles. The population Board of Commissioners for Foreign numbers under ten thousand. The Missions, and was closely connected people speak a corrupt Spanish with all the missionary interests dialect, different from the dialects of the Congregational Church spoken in the other ex-Spanish throughout the land. islands. Guam will naturally be the base of supplies for American -We learn with deep sorrow of missionary work, as it is now a the departure of the Rev. John station of the United States Navy, Mather Allis, D.D., in Santiago, and will be visited by American Chili, July 16th. He was born in Danville, Canada, December 15, 1839, was graduated from Prince- ton in 1800, and from Union Theo- logical Seminary in 1869. He served the Sprague Street Church, of Albany, N. Y., in 1871; the First Church, of Lansing, Mich., 1872-4; the First Church, of Anaheim, Cal., 1875-6; the Larkin Street Church, of San Francisco, Cal., 1877·81, and the First Church, of Lafayette, Ind., in 1882. May 17, 1883, he was appointed a foreign missionary, and assigned to the Chili Mission, and with what ability and zeal he has labored in that important field is well known. For many years he has been president of the Chili Mission. Dr. Allis has traveled all over Chili in the itinerating work, and will be greatly missed in the needy field for which he has workt so earn- estly and devotedly.